गोष्ट एका गावाची

Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

- boIZ / g§nmXZ -
© S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a
"g§dmX', J„r H«$.14, JUoeZJa (npíM_),
g§J_Zoa - 422 605, {O.Ah_XZJa

- àH$meH$ -
gm¡.A§Obr (XþJm©) gwYra Vm§~o
ZJamÜ`j, g§J_Zoa ZJan[afX

- {deof ghH$m`© -
gd© gXñ`, g§J_Zoa B{Vhmg g§emoYZ _§S>i

_wIn¥ð> N>m`m{MÌ - g§O` Xidr, Ah_XZJa

- AmVrb N>m`m{MÌo -
H¡$.CÎm_ _w§Jr, H¡$.ìhr.Or.Xoenm§S>o (H$mH$m),
ÛmaH$mZmW amR>r, AÊUmgmho~ H$mio, g§O` Xidr,

no{Q>Q> {dÚmb`mVrb N>m`m{MÌ g§J«h

_w{ÐVemoYZ - gwZrb Zdbo, gwdUm© _mbnmUr, g§J_Zoa

- _wIn¥îR> gOmdQ> d AjaOwiUr -
A{dZme dn} (9960252514)

gwZrb _mXmg

àW_ Amd¥Îmr (Am°ŠQ>mo~a 2011)

qH$_V - 225/-

2 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

{bImUmVrb "J_^Z'
{eH$dUmao _mPo àmW{_H$ {ejH$
AmXaUr` ^mbM§Ð d¡Ú JwéOr,
Á`m§À`m {bImUmMo _bm Zoh_rM

AZwH$aU H$amdogo dmQ>bo Ago
_mPo gm{hpË`H$ {_Ì H$dr
àm.àdrU XdUo d {dZ` JwUo
`m§Zm A§V:H$aUnyd©H$ An©U...

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 3

4 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

_ZmJo V

g§J_Zoa eha d n[agambm Iyn _moR>r Eo{Vhm{gH$ na§nam bm^bobr Amho.
`mVyZ Zo_Ho$nUmZo g§J_ZoaÀ`m B{VhmgmMm _mJmodm KoUo d Vmo eãX~Õ H$aUo ho Vgo
H$R>rU H$m_. `mnydu g§J_Zoa~Ôb Vnerbdma d n[anyU© {bImU \$mago Pmbobo Zmhr.
AndmX \$ŠV ZJanm{bHo$À`m eVgm§dËg[aH$ J«§WmMm. gw_mao nÞmg dfmªnydu àH$m{eV
Pmbobm hm J«§W AZoH$Xm dmMÊ`mV Ambm. àË`oH$ doir hm J«§W dmMVmZm ZH$iV
gJ§ _Zao Mm B{Vhmg EImÚm {MÌnQ>mà_mUo S>mùo `mg_mao {Xgy bmJm`Mm. `m dmMZmVZy M
g§J_Zoa~ÔbMm A{^_mZ {Xdg|{Xdg dmT>VM Jobm. g§J_ZoaÀ`m CnbãY _m{hVr_Ü`o
A{YH$ ^a KmbUo eŠ` Amho H$m? `mMm {dMma gêw $ Pmbm. `m AZfw J§ mZo _hmamï>´mVrb
{d{dY eham§~Ôb CnbãY Agbobr AZoH$ nwñVHo$ _mJ{dbr d dmMyZ H$mT>br.
H$mhr nñw VH$mV§ Zy ZdrZ _m{hVr {_imbr Va H$mhr nñw VH$mV§ Ë`m JmdMm B{Vhmg åhUOo
{VWë`m J«m_X¡dVmMr _m{hVr, Jmdm~ÔbÀ`m nm¡am{UH$ H$Wm-X§VH$Wm, JmdmV hmoD$Z
Joboë`m EImÚm gmYwnwéfm~ÔbMr _m{hVr d Ë`mZo Ho$bobo M_ËH$ma; EdT>çmdaM
AZoH$ Jmdm§Mm B{Vhmg Wm§~m`Mm. `m gd© Jmdm§À`m B{VhmgmMr ZH$iV g§J_ZoaÀ`m
B{Vhmgmer Vbw Zm _ZmVë`m-_ZmV ìhm`Mr. `mVZy M "Jmïo > EH$m JmdmMr' `m nñw VH$mMr
{Z{_©Vrà{H«$`m gwê$ Pmbr. ho nwñVH$ åhUOo B{VhmgmVrb pŠbï> gZmdù`m§Mr Zm|X
qH$dm Eo{Vhm{gH$ XñVmdoO Zìho, Va Ho$di EH$m JmdmÀ`m Jmoï>rMo nwñVH$ Amho `mM
^mdZoVyZ nwñVH$mVrb àË`oH$ àH$aU {b{hbo Amho.

g§J_ZoaMm B{Vhmg dmMVmZm Ago AZoH$ àg§J AmT>ibo H$s, Ë`m§Mr Zm|X
IamoIa gwdU© Ajam§V H$ê$Z R>odbr nm{hOo. gw_mao 2200 Vo 2300 dfmªnmgyZMo
ApñVÎd Agboë`m g§J_Zoada {d{dY amOdQ>tMo dM©ñd am{hbo Amho. N>ÌnVr
{edam`m§À`m H$mbI§S>mZ§Va `m n[agamV Á`m-Á`m KQ>Zm KS>ë`m, Ë`m§À`m AZoH$
Zm|Xr {d{dY nwñVH$m§V gmnS>ë`m. `m n[agambm AZoH$ _hmZ ì`pŠV_Îdm§Mm Pmbobm
nXñne©, `m ^y{_Vrb _mUgm§Zr gd©Xya JmOdbobo H$V¥©Îd, g§J_ZoaÀ`m {d{dY
pñWË`§VamÀ`m H$mimV KS>boë`m N>moQ>çm-N>moQ>çm na§Vw _hÎdmÀ`m KQ>Zm ho gd© H$mhr
Zì`mZo eãX~Õ hmoUo JaOoMo Amho, Ago AZoH$ {Xdgm§nmgyZ dmQ>V hmoVo. gZ 2006
_Ü`o g§J_Zoa~Ôb n{hë`m§Xm {bhm`bm gwédmV Ho$br. àË`oH$ doir dmQ>m`Mo H$s,
_{hZm-XmoZ _{hÝ`m§V {bImU nyU© hmoB©b. {bImUmMm AmamIS>m V`ma ìhm`Mm H$s

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 5

bJoM EImXr ZdrZ _m{hVr gmnS>m`Mr. `mVyZ ho {bImU bm§~V Jobo. _hmamï´>^amVyZ
Jmoim Ho$bobr {d{dY nwñVHo$, _mPm hm àH$ën _mhrV Agë`mZo AZoH$ {_Ìm§Zr
ñdV:hÿZ nmR>dbobr Xw{_©i nwñVHo$, B§Q>aZoQ>da CnbãY Agbobr {d{dY àH$maMr
_m{hVr `m gdmªMm Cn`moJ `m nwñVH$mÀ`m boIZmV _hÎdmMm R>abm.

g§J_Zoa ZJan[afXobm 100 df} nyU© Pmbr, Ë`m doir Omo eVgm§dËgm[aH$
J«§W àH$m{eV Pmbm, Ë`mV g§J_Zoa eha d n[agamMr BËW§^yV _m{hVr XoÊ`mV Ambr
Amho. Ë`m doiÀ`m _§S>itZr hm J«§W n[anyU© H$aÊ`mMm AmQ>moH$mQ> à`ËZ Ho$bm. na§Vw
AmO Zì`mZo Ë`m J«§WmVrb H$mhr KQ>Zm§Mm AmT>mdm KoVbm AgVm ~arM gwYm[aV
_m{hVr {_imbr, H$mhr VmaIm§~m~V Zì`mZo A{YH$ Vnerb {_imbo. `m gdmªMm
AmYma KoD$Z ho nwñVH$ Amnë`mg_moa gmXa H$arV Amho.

B{Vhmg g§emoYZ hm Vgm pŠbï> {df` _mZbm OmVmo. na§Vw hoM H$m_ N>§X
åhUyZ H$am`Mo R>adbo Va EH$m doJù`m AmZ§XmMr AZw^yVr {_iVo. g§J_ZoaÀ`m
B{VhmgmV g¡a H$arV AgVmZm Omo AmZ§X _bm {_imbm, Vmo BVam§Zmhr {_imdm åhUyZ
OmZdo mar 2006 _Ü`o "gJ§ _Zao B{Vhmg ge§ mYo Z _S§ >i' ñWmnZ H$o b.o AZHo $ g_{dMmar
_§S>ir EH$Ì Ambr. `m àË`oH$mZoM B{Vhmg g§emoYZmMo H$m_ H$amdo, Aer Anojm
ZìhVr. _mÌ Á`m§Mo `m ehamda {ZVm§V ào_ Amho Aem _§S>itZm EH$Ì H$ê$Z B{Vhmg
g§emoYZ _§S>imMo H$m_ gwê$ Ho$bo. _§S>imÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Xadfu H$dr AZ§V \§$XtÀ`m
ZmdmZo amÁ`ñVar` gm{hË` nwañH$ma gmohù`mMo Am`moOZ gwê$ Ho$bo. `mVyZ g§J_ZoaMo
^yfU Agboë`m H$dr AZ§V \§$XtMo Zmd amÁ`^amV nmohMdÊ`mV Am_À`m _§S>imZo
ImarMm dmQ>m CMbbm, `mMo g_mYmZ bm^bo.

B{Vhmg g§emoYZ _§S>imMo H$m_ gwê$ Ho$ë`mda gdmªV _moR>r àoaUm, _XV
{_imbr Vr ÛmaH$mZmW amR>r `m§Mr. g§J_Zoa n[agamVrb Vo A{Ve` hahþÞar d
B{Vhmgà_o r ì`pŠV_Îd. Ë`mÀ§ `mM AÜ`jVIo mbr d _mJX© eZ© mImbr gJ§ _Zao B{Vhmg
g§emoYZ _§S>imMo H$m_ MmbVo. `mM~amo~aM Ho$di {ZIi _¡Ìrbm OmJV _mPo
N>m`m{MÌH$ma {_Ì AÊUmgmh~o H$mio `mZ§ r Or _mbo mMr gmW {Xbr, Ë`mMo _mbo H$emVM
hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr. ho nwñVH$ {b{hVmZm AZoH$ AS>MUr g_moa Amë`m. "VZ-_Z-
YZm'Zo PmoHy$Z XoUo åhUOo H$m` `mMm eãXe: àË`` _mJrb ghm dfmªV AZoH$Xm
Ambm. naV§ w _ZmnmgZy gmW XUo mao AZHo $ ghH$mar ^Qo >b.o àË`Ho $mZo `m H$m_mV Amnë`mbm
eŠ` Amho VodT>o `moJXmZ AJXr _ZmnmgyZ {Xbo. g§J_Zoa{df`r _bm gd©àW_

6 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

{b{hÊ`mgmR>r àmoËgm{hV Ho$bo Vo _mPo {_Ì X¡.àOmMo g§nmXH$ `moJoe Amgmonm `m§Zr.
gw_mao XmoZ _{hZo amoO àOmÀ`m A§H$mVyZ g§J_Zoa{df`r EH$ boI à{gÕ ìhm`Mm.
AZoH$ bmoH$ gm`§H$mir A§H$ {_idÊ`mgmR>r X¡.àOmÀ`m H$m`m©b`m~mhoa dmQ> ~Km`Mo.
`m boI_mbobm dmMH$m§Mm CX§S> à{VgmX bm^bm. BWyZM Iè`m AWm©Zo `m nwñVH$mÀ`m
{bImUmMr àoaUm {_imbr.

Am°JñQ> _{hÝ`mÀ`m AJXr gwédmVrbmM ZJamÜ`jm XwJm©VmB© Vm§~o `m§Zr
bdH$amV bdH$a nwñVH$ {bhÿZ Pmbo nm{hOo, gßQ>|~a _{hÝ`mV AmnU Vo àH$m{eV
H$aUma AmhmoV Ago gm§{JVbo. BVŠ`m H$_r doimV nwñVH$ AmH$mambm AmUUo AeŠ`
hmoVo, {b{hbo Var nwT>o Vo S>r.Q>r.nr.H$aUo, Ë`mMo goQ>tJ H$aUo ho H$R>rU H$m_ hmoVo. na§Vw
`m H$m_mV dmH²$~Jma Agbobo _mPo {_Ì A{dZme dn}, àdrU Hw$bH$Uu, gw^mf
ndma, `m§Zr ho AmìhmZ ñdrH$mabo. H$mhr amÌr OmJyZ Ë`m§Zr ho H$m_ AmZ§XmZo nyU© Ho$bo.
nwñVH$ {b{hÊ`mMo H$m_ gwê$ AgVmZm _mPm CËgmh {Q>H$dUmao d doimodoir _XV
H$aUmao ÛmaH$mZmW amR>rga, N>m`m{MÌH$ma AÊUmgmho~ H$mio, XodrXmg Jmoao, gwZrb
_mXmg, amYoí`m_ amR>r `m§Mrhr _mobmMr gmW bm^br. nwñVH$mÀ`m _w{ÐVemoYZmMo
H$R>rU H$m_ H$aUmao gwZrb Zdbo d lr_Vr gwdUm©H$mH$s _mbnmUr `m§Mo Zoh_rM
_mobmMo ghH$m`© AgVo. nwñVH$mÀ`m _wIn¥ð>mgmR>r WoQ> Ah_XZJahÿZ `oD$Z N>m`m{MÌ
H$mTy>Z XoUmao g§O` Xidr, nwñVH$mgmR>r nyaH$ _m{hVr nwa{dUmao C_oe T>mobo `m§Mrhr
_mobmMr _XV bm^br. Am_Xma S>m°.gwYraOr Vm§~o `m§Zr nwñVH$mgmR>r AZoH$ ~hþ_mob
gyMZm {Xë`m. g§J_Zoa B{Vhmg g§emoYZ _§S>imÀ`m àË`oH$ gXñ`mZo ho H$m_ Amnë`m
KaMo H$m_ Amho, `mM ^mdZoVyZ gmW {Xbr. ZJamÜ`jm XwJm©VmB© Vm§~o `m§Mm gVVMm
nmR>naw mdm, gJ§ _Zao À`m B{Vhmgm~ÔbMr AmñWm `m_iw Mo ho nñw VH$ gmH$ma hmDo $ eH$b.o

ho nwñVH$ åhUOo g§J_ZoaMm n[anyU© B{Vhmg Zìho, Á`m-Á`m Jmoï>r ghOnUo
{_imë`m Ë`m§MmM C„oI `m nwñVH$mV H$aVm Ambm. `mIoarO AZoH$ _hÎdmMr
ì`pŠV_Îdo, KQ>Zm `m nwñVH$mV ¿`m`À`m amhÿZ Joë`m AgVrb. AZmdYmZmZo EImXm
MwH$sMm C„oI, VmarI AmT>ië`mg AmnUmH$Sy>Z Ë`m~m~VMm `mo½` g§X^© {_imë`mg
Ë`mMo ñdmJVM am{hb. AmnUmH$S>o H$mhr KQ>Zm§Mr, ì`pŠV_Îdm§Mr _m{hVr Agob Va
VrXIo rb Oê$a nmR>dm, nTw >À`m AmdÎ¥ mrÀ`m dio r `m gd© _m{hVrMm AV§ ^md© `m nñw VH$mV
ZŠH$sM Ho$bm OmB©b. nwñVH$mgmR>r _XV H$aUmè`m gdmª~Ôb _r H¥$Vk Amho.

- S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 7

F$UmZw~§Y g§J_ZoaMo

g§J_Zoa VmbwŠ`mVrb Omod} hr _mPr OÝ_^y_r AZ² g§J_Zoa H$_©^y_r. `m
XmoÝhr Jmdm§Mr ^m¡Jmo{bH$ n[apñWVr gmaIrM. gm§ñH¥${VH$, Eo{Vhm{gH$ na§nam XmoÝhr
Jmdm§Zm bm^boë`m. àdaoÀ`m Vramda dgboë`m XmoÝhr JmdmVrb _§{Xao, KmQ> gwÕm
gmaIMo . Omdo } ho N>mQo >go Mo naV§ w g_Õ¥ , gn§ Þ ISo >.o Va gJ§ _Zao EH$ E{o Vhm{gH$, gmñ§ H$¥ {VH$
eha, EdT>mM Vmo XmoZ Jmdm§_Yrb \$aH$.

_mPo ~mbnU Omod} JmdmV Jobo. _mÌ bhmZnUmnmgyZM g§J_ZoaMo _moR>o
AmH$f©U, H$maU Vo VmbwŠ`mMo Jmd. KaMr _mUgo {d{dY H$m_m{Z{_Îm g§J_Zoabm
Om`Mr. e{Zdma hm g§J_ZoaMm ~mOmaMm {Xdg. Amåhmbm ~mOmaMo _moR>o AmH$f©U
dmQ>m`Mo. ~¡bJmS>çm§_YyZ bmoH$ ~mOmabm Om`Mo. OmVmZm dmQ>odaÀ`m EImÚm dñVrda
JmS>r Wm§~dyZ ~¡bm§Zm d¡aU-nmUr ìhm`Mo. ~mOmamV Joë`mda IaoXr~amo~aM g½`m-
gm`o è`mÀ§ `m ^Qo >r-JmR>r ìhm`À`m. gܧ `mH$mir gdO© U Kar naVm`M.o _J ~mOmamVë`m
ImD$Mo dmQ>n ìhm`Mo. Iyn _Om `m`Mr. g§J_ZoaÀmo Xþgao AmH$f©U åhUOo {gZo_m
Am{U gH©$g. {gZo_m ~Km`bm Amåhr g§J_Zoabm `m`Mmo. "gVrMo dmU' hm {gZo_m
åhUOo ISo >çmVrb gd© _{hbmM§ o AmH$fU© . ~b¡ JmS>çm ^ê$Z-^ê$Z bmHo $ Img {gZ_o m
~Km`bm g§J_Zoabm `m`Mo. g§J_ZoaMo Xþgao AmH$f©U åhUOo {VWbr Hw$ë\$s. ~mOmamV
Amë`mda Hw$UmÀ`mVar AmoQ>çmda ~gyZ Ë`mdoir Imboë`m Hw$ë\$sMm ñdmX AmOhr
AmR>dVmo. nwT>o S>m°.gwYra Vm§~oer {ddmh~Õ Pmë`mda Ë`m§À`m d¡ÚH$s` ì`dgm`m_wio
g§J_Zoabm ñWm{`H$ hmoÊ`mMm `moJ Ambm. Ë`mdoir dmQ>bo ZìhVo H$s _bm g§J_Zoa
ZJanm{bHo$À`m {XS>eo dfmªVrb n{hbr _{hbm ZJamÜ`jm hmoÊ`mMm _mZ {_iob.
Eo{Vhm{gH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, gm_m{OH$, amOH$s` dmagm bm^boë`m d ghH$mamZo g_¥Õ
ehamMr ZJamÜ`jm hmoÊ`mMm _mZ _bm {_imbm, _r ñdV…bm ^m½`dmZ g_OVo.

_mPo dS>rb ghH$ma _h{f© ñd.^mD$gmho~ WmoamV (XmXm) `m§À`m d¡Mm[aH$
OS>UKS>UrVyZ _mÂ`mda Pmbobo g§ñH$ma _bm ehamÀ`m gdmªJrU {dH$mgmgmR>r
{ZpíMVM Cn`moJr nS>bo. XmXm§Zr nmM dfmªnydu g§J_Zoa ehamgmR>r "ŠbrZ {gQ>r..
Jr« Z {gQ>r.. JmS>Z© {gQ>r...' AWmV© "ñdÀN> gJ§ _Zao ... gX§w a gJ§ _Zao .. h[aV gJ§ _Zao ...'
Aer gH§ $ënZm {Xbr. XmXmM§ o ñdßZ àË`jmV CVa{dÊ`mgmR>r _mPo ghH$mar ZJagdo H$,
ZJago{dH$m d ehadm{g`m§À`m _XVrZo _ZmnmgyZ à`ËZ Ho$bo.

8 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

ZJanm{bHo$À`m eVH$moÎma gwdU©_hmoËgdr dfm©V VrW©ê$n XmXm§Zr {Xboë`m
g§H$ënZm am~{dVmZm _bm Zoh_rM D$Om© {_iV Jobr. amÁ`mMo _hgyb_§Ìr Am{U _mPo
Á`oð> ~§Yy Zm.~mimgmho~ WmoamV VgoM Á`m§Zr drg dfm©nydu ZJamÜ`j åhUyZ ehamÀ`m
{dH$mgmMr nm`m^aUr Ho$br Ago _mPo nVr Am_Xma S>m°.Vm§~o `m§À`m _m¡{bH$
_mJ©Xe©ZmMmhr _bm Cn`moJ Pmbm. `m gdmªÀ`m ~amo~a gm_m{OH$ OrdZmV dmdaVm
Ambo ho _§Vabobo {Xdg _mÂ`m Am`wî`mVrb gwdU©{Xdg R>abo.

{XS>eo dfmªÀ`m H$mimV AZoH$ nXm{YH$mè`m§Zr Amnmnë`mnarZo ehamÀ`m
àJVrgmR>r `moJXmZ {Xbo. na§Vw àJVrbm Iè`mAWm©Zo gwédmV Am{W©H$ g§nÞVoVyZM
hmoVo. XmXm§Zr _mJrb nÞmg dfm©V AWH$nUo ghH$mamMr C^maUr Ho$br, ghH$mambm
{eñV bmdbr. Ë`mVZy M ghH$ma \$w bbm, eVo H$ar g_Õ¥ Pmbm. eVo H$è`mM§ ,o H$m_JmamM§ o
d BVa gd©M KQ>H$m§Mo OrdZ_mZ C§Mmdbo. _moR>çm à`ËZmZo ObqgMZmÀ`m `moOZm
AmUë`m, Xþ½Yì`dgm` dmT>bm, gmIa CÚmoJm_wio Am{W©H$ g_¥ÕrMr MmHo$ doJmZo
{\$ê$ bmJbr. ì`mnmamMr ^a^amQ> Pmbr. gw~Îmm dmT>br. g§J_Zoa g_¥Õ Pmë`mZo
ehamH$S>o bmoH$m§Mm AmoK dmTbm. ZdZdrZ dgmhVr, CnZJao dmT>br, n`m©`mZo
bmoH$g§»`oV _moR>r ^a nS>br. gmh{OH$M Ë`mMm VmU ZJanm{bHo$À`m nm`m^yV
gmo`r-gw{dYm§da nS>bm. Ago AgVmZmhr Zm.WmoamV `m§À`m à`ËZmVyZ ehamgmR>r
doimodoir emgH$s` {ZYr CnbãY hmoV Jobm. ehamMr àJVr hmoÊ`mg _XV Pmbr.

AmXaUr` XmXm§Mr àoaUm, Zm.~mimgmho~ WmoamV d Am_Xma S>m°.gwYra Vm§~o
`m§Mo A_yë` _mJ©Xe©Z Am{U ehadmgr`m§Mr ^ŠH$_ gmW `mVyZ n{hbr _{hbm
ZJamÜ`jm åhUyZ _mÂ`mgmR>r hm IamoIaM gwdU©jU Amho. gwdU© _hmoËgdmÀ`m
{Z{_ÎmmZo g§J_ZoaMr _m{hVr Agbobo "Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr' ho nwñVH$ S>m°.g§Vmof
IoS>boH$a `m§Zr {b{hbo. Ë`mV gw_mao XmoZ hOma dfmªMm B{Vhmg g§H${bV H$aÊ`mgmR>r
Ë`m§Zr _moR>r _ohZV KoVbr. nwT>À`m {nT>çm§gmR>r ho nwñVH$ EH$ AZ_mob R>odm R>aob.

gJ§ _Zao `m JmdmZo _bm ^a^ê$Z {Xb.o _mPo ^md{díd g_Õ¥ H$o b.o ehamgmR>r
H$m_ H$aVmZm Iyn _moR>r AZw^dmMr {eXmoar {_imbr. g§J_ZoaÀ`m F$UmVyZ _wº$ hmoUo
H$o di AeŠ` Amho _mÌ _r `Wmeº$s à`ËZ H$o bm. _mÂ`m H$_^© _y r~Ôb H$o di H$¥ VkVm
ì`º$ H$aÊ`mMm hm Aëngm à`ËZ...

- gm¡. A§Obr (XþJm©) gwYra Vm§~o
ZJamÜ`jm - g§J_Zoa ZJan[afX

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 9

A§Va§J g§J_ZoaMo 13

nyd©a§J 23

{ZOm_emhr - {edH$mb - noedmB© 31
35
ñdmV§Í` g§J«m_ 37
· ^mJmoOr ZmB©H$mMm bT>m 41
· ñdmV§Í` g§J«m_ Am{U {Q>iH$ ^oQ> 45
· _hmË_m Jm§YtMr g§J_Zoa ^oQ> 49
· O§Jb gË`mJ«h 51
· ...Am{U no{Q>Q>da {Va§Jm \$S>H$bm
· n§{S>V Zohê§$Mr g§J_Zoa ^oQ> 59
· ñdmV§Í` Midi 63
69
ZJanm{bH$m 75
· AmYw{ZH$ g§J_Zoa 79
· ZJanm{bHo$Mr ñWmnZm 83
· Amamo½`_² YZg§nXm 87
· {Xdm~Îmr Vo hm`_mñQ> 89
· ZmJar gw{dYm§H$[aVm C^mabobr H$O} 93
· H$a ì`dñWm 94
· dmMZmb`
· ZJamÜ`j 99
· ZJan[afX H$m`©H$m[aUr - 2011 101
· CnZJamÜ`j 103
109
KQ>Zm KS>m_moS>r
· ehmOhmZ - _w_VmO
· N>ÌnVr {edmOr_hmamO
· _méVr aWmMr {_adUyH$
· B§{Xam Jm§YtMr g§J_Zoa ^oQ>

10 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

· Z¡g{J©H$ AmnÎmr 111

e¡j{UH$ g§J_Zoa 117
· {ejUmMr gwédmV 119
· ga S>r.E_.no{Q>Q> hm`ñHy$b 127
· kmZ_mVm {dÚmb` 131
· g§J_Zoa _hm{dÚmb` 135
· ~mb {ejU _§S>i 137
· e¡j{UH$ àJVr
141
ì`mnma 146
· ì`mnmamMr gwédmV 147
· g§J_ZoaMm ghH$ma
· hmV_mJ ì`dgm` 153
157
dmS>m g§ñH¥$Vr
· A§^moaH$admS>m 163
· g§VdmS>m 171
173
ì`ŠVr{MÌo 177
· H$dr AZ§V \§$Xr 181
· _hmXOr qeXo 183
· {dÇ>b gw§Xa 185
· qÌ~H$Or S>|Jio 187
· AmZ§Xr~mB© Omoer 189
· gaXma WmoamV 193
· Ho$.~r.Xoe_wI 195
· XÎmm Xoe_wI
· ~r.Oo.IVmi nmQ>rb
· ^mñH$aamd Xwd} (Xwd} ZmZm)
· ^mD$gmho~ WmoamV

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 11

· ~mimgmho~ WmoamV 199
· S>m°.gwYra Vm§~o 201
· g§J_ZoaMo nmQ>rb 203
· ndim {hdaJmdH$a 205
· {dÇ>b C_n 209
· H$m§Vm~mB© gmVmaH$a 211
· Am|H$maZmW _mbnmUr 213
· g§^mOramOo WmoamV 215
· àm.a§JZmW nR>mao 217
· àm.S>m°.amdgmho~ H$g~o 219
· H$dr Zaha g§J_ZoaH$a 221
· Zm_Xodamd OmYd 223
· bú_U T>mobo 225

Ym{_©H$ ñWio 231
· gd©Y_u` Ym{_©H$ ñWio 243
· g§J_ZoaMo gmYwnwéf
247
g§ñWm d H$bmH$ma 251
· g§J_ZoaMo gm§ñH¥${VH$ {díd 255
· gm_m{OH$ g§ñWm 259
· H$bm d H$bmH$ma
· gH©$g 267
275
g§H$sU© g§J_Zoa 277
· amÁ`H$V} 281
· {dYmZg^m 283
· àdaoMo KmQ> 288
· CÎmaa§J
· g§X^©gyMr
· g§J_Zoa B{Vhmg g§emoYZ _§S>i H$m`©H$m[aUr

12 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

nyd©a§J

X§S>H$maÊ`! {Xdgmhr A§Yma dmQ>mdm Aer {H$a©a© PmS>r. eVH$mZweVH$mÀ`m
Ymo-Ymo nmdgmV Vo Kmoa AaÊ` ñd¡a \$mo\$mdbo hmoVo. e|S>o Am^mimbm {^S>bo hmoVo.
nmio_wio nmVmimV nmohMbr hmoVr. X§S>H$maÊ` AgoM eVH$mZweVHo$ Am{U `wJmZw`wJo
dmè`mda qPJV hmoVo. Y~Y~o H$mogiV hmoVo. ZÚm§Mo bm|T>o \w§$\$maV hmoVo. AZ² EHo${Xder
Zdb KS>bo. X§S>H$maÊ`mVbm nmbmnmMmoim H$mo_b nmdbm§Imbr MwaMwabm. A`moÜ`oMr
amOmamUr d«VmH$[aVm dZdmg nËH$ê$Z X§S>H$maÊ`mV Ambr. Ë`m§À`m _mJmo_mJ nmdbo
nS>V hmoVr bú_UmMr. amÁ` gmoSy>Z am_ dZdmgmbm Ambo. ghm nmdbo X§S>H$maÊ`mV
àdoebr. bú_UmÀ`m nmdbm§Zr ~§YyVm àdoebr, grVoÀ`m nmdbm§Zr ào_ àdoebo
Am{U am_am`mÀ`m nmdbm§Zr g§ñH¥$Vr àdoebr. X§S>H$maÊ`mV ghm nmdbm§Zr _mZdVm
àdoebr.

X§S>H$maÊ`mÀ`m OimñWimV hr Apñ_Vm A§Hw$abr... `mVyZM B{VhmgmMo
n{hbo ^yO©nÌ {b{hbo Jobo. X§S>H$maÊ`mÀ`m Apñ_Vm àJë^ hmoV Joë`m, à^mdr hmoV
Joë`m, àIa hmoV Joë`m. F$fr_wZtÀ`m PmonS>çm§Mo Aml_ Pmbo. Aml_m§Mr Jmdo
Pmbr. hiyhiy ~migo `oD$ bmJbo. H$mhr Jmdm§Mr ZJao Pmbr. X§S>H$maÊ`mMm _hmamï´>
Pmbm. amOm, àOm, g¡Ý`, amOYmZr Am{U qghmgZ `m§À`mgh _hmamï´> gmH$ma Pmbm.
VéU Pmbm, ~iH$Q> Pmbm. {edemhra ~m~mgmho~ nwa§Xè`m§Zr Amnë`m amOm
{edN>ÌnVr `m nwñVH$mV X§S>H$maÊ`mMo Ho$bobo ho dU©Z _moR>o _Zmohmar dmQ>Vo.

`mM gñ§ H$¥ VrÀ`m nmD$bIUw m KDo $Z A_V¥ dm{hZr àdaHo $mR>Mm n[aga {dH${gV

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 13

g§J_ZoaMm C„oI Agbobm àmMrZ Vm_«nQ>
(gÜ`m hm Vm_«nQ> Ah_XZJa `oWrb Eo{Vhm{gH$ dñVwg§J«hmb`mV Amho.)

14 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

hmoV Jobm. g§J_Zoa d àdamH$mR>Mm n[aga `m§Mm g§~§Y X§S>H$maÊ`mer OmoS>bm OmVmo.
Ë`mnyduÀ`m `wJmbm nmfmU`wJ åhQ>b§ Om`M§, na§Vw H$mimÀ`m AmoKmV Vm_« d nmfmU
`wJmVrb _mZdr dgmhVr Zï> Pmë`m. nwT>rb AZoH$ df© gd©Ì KZXmQ> O§Jb CJdV
Jobo. `m àXoemda nydu "X§S>' ZmdmÀ`m amOmMo amÁ` hmoVo åhUyZ `m ^yàXoembm
"X§S>H$maÊ`' åhQ>bo OmD$ bmJbo, Agm C„oI B{VhmgH$mam§Zr Ho$bobm Amho.
X§S>H$maÊ`mMr ì`mßVr Hw$Ry>Z Hw$R>n`ªV hmoVr `m~m~V B{VhmgH$mam§_Ü`o EH$dmŠ`Vm
AmT>iV Zmhr, _mÌ am_m`UmV am_mMo dmñVì` Agboë`m n[agambm X§S>H$maÊ`
åhQ>bo Jobo Amho. Ë`m_wio àdam Imoè`mVrb AmOÀ`m g§J_ZoaMm n[aga X§S>H$maÊ`mMm
EH$ ^mJ hmoVm Ago åhQ>bo OmVo.

OJmVë`m àË`oH$ Jmdmbm ^yJmob AgVmo. _mÌ XoXrß`_mZ B{VhmgmMr na§nam
\$ma H$_r Jmdm§Zm bm^Vo. Aer na§nam bm^boë`m Jmdm§n¡H$s EH$ Jmd åhUOo g§J_Zoa.
ho JmdM Ago Amho H$s, EH$Xm H$m Hw$Ur BWë`m gm_m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ OrdZmMm
AZw^d KoVbm H$s Vr ì`ŠVr g§J_ZoaÀ`m ào_mV nS>UmaM. Vgo ~{KVbo Va AmO
g§J_ZoamV Ag§ H$m` Amho Oo Hw$Umbmhr gwImdyZ OmB©b? `m àíZmM§ CÎma H$mhrg§
g§{_l Agob _mÌ EImXm Ooìhm B{VhmgmMm Mî_m bmdyZ g§J_ZoaM§ ^m¡Jmo{bH$ gm¢X`©
d Eo{Vhm{gH$ g§X^© CKS>çm S>moù`m§Zr ~Kob Ë`mbm _mÌ g§J_Zoa hr AX²^yV OmXyB©
ZJarM ^mgob.

B.g.nyd© gw_mao 200 dfmªnydu àdaoÀ`m H$mR>mda _mZdr dñVr {Z_m©U
Pmbr... hiyhiy EH$ N>moQ>ogo Jmd AmH$mambm Ambo. `m JmdmOdi EH$-XmoZ Zìho Va
MŠH$ Mma bhmZ-_moR>çm ZÚm§Mm g§J_ Pmbm hmoVm. åhUyZ nwT>o bmoH$ `m Jmdmbm
"g§J{_H$m' åhUy bmJbo... g§J{_H$m åhUOoM AmOMo "g§J_Zoa'.

JmdmÀ`m npíM_obm åhmiw§Jr Am{U åhmZwQ>r ZÚm§Mm g§J_ hmoVmo. åhmZwQ>rbm
Amnë`m nmoQ>mV gm_mdyZ KoV åhmiw§Jr nwT>o gaH$Vo VmoM A_¥Vdm{hZr n`moYam {VMr
dmQ> ~KV AgVo. åhmiw§Jrhr _moR>çm {X_mImZo nwT>o gaH$V OmD$V Wmoaë`m ~{hUrbm
YmH$Q>rZo ^oQ>mdo Vgo n`moYaobm OmD$Z {_iVo. VËH$mbrZ gwg§ñH¥$V _mZdr OrdZmbm
AmH$ma XoUmar n`moYam nwT>o "ZmQ>H$s' ZmdmÀ`m N>moQ>çmem ZXrbm Amnë`mV gm_mdyZ
KoV ~o\$m_nUo Xm¡S>V nwT>o {ZKVo. hr "n`moYam' åhUOoM AmOMr "àdam'. nmfmU
`wJmVrb _mZdmbm Á`m __VoZo n`moYaoZo KS>dbo Ë`mM __VoZo AmO n`moYaoMr àdam
~Zbobr àdam_mB© BWbo OZOrdZ KS>drV Amho.

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 15

Vm_«nQ>mÀ`m H$S>rdarb lr {dîUyMr _wÐm
16 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

B.g.nyd© 200 À`m Xaå`mZMm _mZdr g§ñH¥$VrMm B{Vhmg Aä`mgbm Va
Ë`m H$mimV Odinmg ^maV^a g_«mQ> AemoH$mMr gÎmm hmoVr. `mV _hmamï´>mMmhr
g_mdoe hmoVm. g_«mQ> AemoH$mÀ`m _¥Ë`yZ§Va Ë`mÀ`m _m¡`© gm_«mÁ`mMr AZoH$ eH$bo
Pmbr. Z§Va gmVdmhZm§Mr gÎmm àñWm{nV Pmbr. Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§Mr amOYmZr "à{Vð>mZ'
(gÜ`mMo n¡R>U) `oWo ñWmnZ Ho$br. gmVdmhZm§À`m H$mimV Zm{eH$, n¡R>U, OwÞa
Am{X ehao ^a^amQ>rbm Ambr Agë`mMm B{VhmgmV C„oI {_iVmo. Ë`m_wio Zm{eH$,
n¡R>U d OwÞa `m§À`m _Ymo_Y Agbobo g§J{_H$m (g§J_Zoa) ho Jmdhr gmVdmhZm§À`m
A{YnË`mImbr Agë`mMm {ZîH$f© {ZKVmo.

Ago åhUVmV H$s, gw_mao 200 H$moQ>r dfmªnydu gy`m©Mm H$mhr ^mJ Xwgè`m
EH$m _moR>çm Vmè`mÀ`m AmH$f©Um_wio Xya AmoT>bm Jobm. gy`m©à_mUoM ho ^mJhr
ñdV:^modVr {\$ê$ bmJbo. ñdV:À`m Amgm^modVr {\$aVm-{\$aVm Vo gy`m©^modVr
{\$aV am{hb.o ho ñdV:^mdo Vr d g`y m^© mdo Vr {\$aUmao ^mJ åhUOMo Amnë`m g`y _© mbVo rb
{d{dY J«h. ho J«h gy`m©nojm ~aoM bhmZ Agë`mZo bdH$aM Ë`m§À`mVrb CîUVm
H$_r Pmbr. Ë`m§À`m^modVr hdm_mZ {Z_m©U Pmbo. Aem J«hm§n¡H$sM EH$ J«h åhUOo
Amnbr n¥Ïdr.

B.g.ny.30 H$moQ>r dfmªnydu A{Vgyú_ Aem gOrdmMr CËnÎmr Pmbr. hiyhiy
dZñnVr d àmUrOrdZ CËH«$m§V hmoV Jobo. B.g.ny.3 bmI Vo B.g.ny.1 bmI `m
H$mimV dZñnVr d àmUr g¥ï>r ~haV AgVmZmM _Zwî`gÑe àmUr CËH«$m§V nmdbm.
`oWyZM Vw_À`m-Am_À`m B{Vhmgmbm gwédmV Pmbr. n¥ÏdrÀ`m {demb n¥ð>^mJmda
AZoH$ pñWË`§Vao hmoV Jobr. `mVyZM {d{dY ^y^mJ, {d{dY Xoe, Amnbm _hmamï´>,
_hmamï´>mVrb {d{dY nd©Vam§Jm d `m gd© gd© _hmàM§S> {dídmVrb g§J_Zoa n[agamMr
{Z{_©Vr Pmbr. àdam d _wim `m ZÚm§H$mR>r gømÐrÀ`m àM§S> _moR>çm nd©Vam§Jm
AmhoV. `m nd©Vam§JmM `m àXoemÀ`m {Z{_©VrMm B{Vhmg gm§JVmV.

gw_mao gmV H$moQ>r dfmªnydu Amnbm hm àXoe Iyn gIb Agm hmoVm. n¥ÏdrMr
{Z{_©Vr Pmë`mnmgyZMm Vmo ^m¡Jmo{bH$ pñWË`§VamMm H$mi hmoVm. `m ^mJmV AMmZH$
O{_Zrbm _moR>-_moR>çm ^oJm nS>m`bm gwédmV Pmbr. Ë`mVyZ A{Ve` CîU Agm
Aí_ag qH$dm bmìhmag ~mhoa nSy> bmJbm. hm bmìhmag WmoS>m-{WS>H$m ZìhVm.
Ë`mMm ZÚm§gmaIm àdmh V`ma Pmbm d Vmo dmhÿ bmJbm. hOmamo _¡b n[agamV hm
bmìhmag ngabm d Z§Va Vmo W§S> Pmbm. bmìhmag W§S> Pmbm, Ë`m ^yàXoemda KÅ>

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 17

AmdaU V`ma Pmbo. hOmamo df} hr à{H«$`m Aì`mhVnUo gwê$ hmoVr. EH$mda EH$ Ago
bmìhmagmMo Wa ~gyZ C§MM, C§M S>m|Ja, Xè`m V`ma Pmë`m. `mbmM emñÌr` ^mfoV
"S>oŠH$Z Q´>°n' Ag§ åhQ>b§ OmV§. `m S>oŠH$Z Q´>°nMmM EH$ ^mJ åhUOo gømÐr d BVa
nd©Vam§Jm§_Ü`o dgbobm àdam n[aga. H$mhr {R>H$mUr C§M gwiHo$ Va H$mhr {R>H$mUr
S>m|JamdaMr ^ì` gnmQ> _¡XmZo, S>m|JambJVÀ`m Imob Xè`m, H$mù`m H$mVimda C^o
Agbobo {H$„o, H$mù`m^moa O{_Zr, ~mOyZo dmhUmè`m ZÚm ho gd© ñdê$n àdam
n[agambm àmßV Pmbo Vo S>oŠH$Z Q´>°n_wioM. `m S>oŠH$Z Q´>°nMmM EH$ N>moQ>mgm ^mJ
åhUOo AmOMm g§J_Zoa VmbwH$m.

_hmamï´>mMo ^m¡Jmo{bH$ aMZo_wio Oo {d{dY ^mJ nS>bo Ë`mV AmOÀ`m Zm{eH$
{Oëô`mMm H$mhr d Ah_XZJaMm H$mhr ^mJ `mbm "goD$Z Xoe' Agohr åhQ>b§
Om`M§. `m goD$Z XoemMm EH$ ^mJ åhUyZhr g§J_Zoabm AmoiIb§ Om`M§.

AJXr emñÌr` Ñï>rH$mZo mVZy hr emYo KVo bm Va H$mhr dfmnª dy u gJ§ _Zao Odirb
Omod} `oWo Ho$boë`m CËIZZmV B.g.nyd© 1500 Vo B.g.nyd© 500 `m H$mimVrb Vm_«-
nmfmU`wJmVrb _mZdr dñVr hmoVr `mMo nwamdo {_imbo. `m H$mimVrb _mZd eoVr,
{eH$ma, newnmbZ H$am`Mm Am{U ZXrH$mR>r dmñVì` H$am`Mm. WmoS>Š`mV Ë`mH$mirhr
àdamVramda _Zwî` gm_m{OH$ OrdZ OJm`Mm ho ñnï> hmoVo. Á`mH$mir AmOÀ`m
OJmVrb AZoH$ Xoehr ApñVËdmV Ambo ZìhVo, {OWo _mZdr dñVr emoYyZhr gmnS>V
ZìhVr, gm_m{OH$ OrdZ hr g§H$ënZm Va ~hþVm§er {R>H$mUr ApñVËdmVM ZìhVr
Aem H$mimV àdaoÀ`m H$mR>mda Ë`m H$miÀ`m VwbZoV A{Ve` àJV Am{U gwg§ñH¥$V
_mZd dñVr H$arV hmoVm ho {deof!

hOma dfmªnyduÀ`m g§J_ZoaMm {dMma Ho$bm Va `m N>moQ>çmem IoS>çmM§ H$m`
gm¢X`© Agmd§, AH$moë`mhÿZ `oVm§Zm åhmZwQ>rZo AbJX åhmiw§JrÀ`m nmoQ>mV {eê$Z {Vbm
{Xbob§ AmqbJZ, nwT>o EH$ Vwa}~mO diU KoV åhmiw§JrZo Amnë`mnojm _moR>çm n`moYaoer
(àdaobm) Ho$bobr Jim^oQ>. Ë`mdoir ~ma_mhr dmhUmè`m ZÚm§À`m H$mR>r OJmMr
qMVm gmoSy>Z H$mù`m AmB©À`m H¥$noZo YmÝ` {nH$dUmam g§J_Zoa n[agamVbm ~iramOm,
àdam, åhmiw§JrÀ`m H$mR>mdarb _§{Xam§_Ü`o nhmQ>nmgyZ hmoUmam K§Q>mZmX, lÕmiy _ZmZo
lmdUmV Ho$bobm _§Ìmoƒma d {ede§^moMm O`Kmof `m_wio EHy$UM dmVmdaUmV `oUmar
àgÞVm, JmdmVë`m KamKamV ~m`m~mnS>çm§À`m nhmQ>oM gwê$ Pmboë`m OmË`mdaÀ`m
Amoì`m, Va ~mhoa A§JUmV dmgwXodmZo Jmd OmJ§ H$aÊ`mgmR>r KmVbobr _§Oyi gmX

18 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

g§J_ZoaH$am§Mr nhmQ> gwaob H$am`Mr. ^ë`m gH$mirM KamKamV nmUr AmUÊ`mgmR>rMr
pñÌ`m§Mr bJ~J gwê$ ìhm`Mr, Hw$Umbmhr nmÊ`mgmR>r \$ma Xya OmÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm
Zgm`Mr. _mirdmS>m Am{U Ë`mnbrH$S>o eoVr H$ê$Z CnOr{dH$m H$aUmè`m ~hþVm§er
_mir dñVr Agboë`m ^mJmVë`m ~m`m~mnS>çm§gmR>r EH$sH$S>o åhmZwQ>r Va XwgarH$S>o
åhmiJ§w r IimiV dmhV hmËo `m. gmir, H$mïo >r, nÙgmir, ~m« ÷U, H$§w ^ma, gVw ma AmqXMr
dñVr Agboë`m gmirdmS>m, ~«m÷UAmir, gwVmaJ„r, H$moï>rJ„r, Hw§$^maAmim Am{U
naXoenwè`mVë`m§gmR>r åhmiw§Jrgmo~V àdam_mB©M§ A_¥VVwë` nmUr CnbãY hmoV§.
JmdmÀ`m Xwgè`m Q>moH$mbm \$maer dñVr ZìhVr nU CÎmaoH$S>À`m nmd~mH$snmgyZ Vo
nyd}H$S>À`m H$moëhodmS>rbm OmUmè`m añË`mÀ`m H$S>obm VwaiH$ dgboë`m dñVrVë`m
bmHo $mg§ mR>r H$YrVar nmdgmù`mV dmhUmar ZmQ>H$s d BVadio r àdam_mBM© § nmUr CnbãY
hmoV§. g§J_Zoa Jmdmbm Mmohmo~mOy§Zr dmhUmè`m ZÚm§_wio EH$àH$maM§ Z¡g{J©H$ gm¢X`©
àmßV Pmb§ hmoV§. àdam, åhmiw§Jr, åhmZwQ>r, ZmQ>H$s `m Mma ZÚm§_wio Jmdm^modVr EH$
àH$maMm Z¡g{J©H$ I§XH$M V`ma Pmbm hmoVm.

JmdmÀ`m Mmahr ~mOby m Agbëo `m ^ì` deo r hXo Io rb AmO H$o di H$ënZVo Zy
~KÊ`mM§ gm¢X`© Amho. ZJanm{bHo$g_moê$Z EImÚm {MÌH$mamZo nÅ>r R>oD$Z gai aofm
_mamdr Aer g§J_ZoaMr àmMrZ ~mOmanoR>. _mirdmS>çmÀ`m _méVr _§{XameoOmarb
doernmgyZ gai aofoV dgbobm _oZamoS>. `mÀ`m EH$m Q>moH$mbm _mirdmS>çmVrb AH$mobo
dog Va Xwgè`m Q>moH$mbm {X„rZmŠ`mdaMr dog hmoVr. ~mOmanoR>oÀ`m _mJm©da XwV\$m©
Cä`m Agboë`m B_maVr d dmS>çm§À`m Xe©Zr ^mJmdarb bmH$S>m§daÀ`m H$bmHw$gar
Aem H$s EImÚm {MÌH$mamZo H$mJXmda doJdoJir {M̧ aoImQ>mdrV.

OwZo g§J_Zoa Vgo N>moQ>ogo nU Qw>_Xma Jmd. JmdmV g_mOì`dñWo{Zhm`
Jëë`m, EH$o H$m Xdo -Xdo VmM§ r g_mO{Zhm` _{§ Xao Ë`m_iw o Odinmg àË`Ho $ Xdo -Xdo VMo r
{H$_mZ XmoZ Vo Xhm-~mam _§{Xao Ho$di g§J_ZoamVM ~Km`bm {_iVmV. `m N>moQ>çmem
JmdmV ndy u ~amM CM§ gIb ^mJ hmVo m. OUHw $mhr N>mQo >çm Q>Ho $S>çmM. AmOhr JmdmVrb
H$mhr dmñVy ~KVm§Zm `m OwÝ`m Q>oH$S>çm§Mr OmUrd hmoVo. gÜ`mMo no{Q>Q> {dÚmb` OoWo
Amho VoWo N>moQ>çmem C§MdQ>çmda Ë`mnydu noedmB©Vrb gmS>oVrZ ehmÊ`m§n¡H$s EH$ {dÇ>b
gw§Xa naeam_r `m§Mm dmS>m hmoVm. `m dmñVyV g_moaÀ`m ~mOyZo ~è`mM nm`è`m MTy>Z
Omì`m bmJVmV. _mÌ nmR>r_mJÀ`m Zohê$ Mm¡H$mV AmnU EH$hr nm`ar Z CVaVm WoQ>
nmohMVmo. åhUOoM `m{R>H$mUr nydu N>moQ>rer Q>oH$S>r hmoVr. JmdmV BVahr AZoH${R>H$mUr

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 19

Aem Q>oH$S>çm hmoË`m. _wioJ„r, dmS>oH$a J„r, naXoer J„rH$Sy>Z S>r.ES²>.H$m°boOH$S>o
OmUmam añVm `m gd© {R>H$mUrhr nydu N>moQ>çm-N>moQ>çm Q>oH$S>çm hmoË`m. OwÝ`m g§J_ZoaMo
d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo JmdmV N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r Kao \$ma H$_r ~Km`bm {_im`Mr. gÜ`mMm
M§ÐeoIa Mm¡H$, CnmgZr J„r, Zohê$ Mm¡H$, MìhmUnwam `m ^mJmV Va Iyn _moR>çm
à_mUmda dmS>o hmoVo. `mVrb AZoH$ dmS>o AmOhr g§J_ZoaÀ`m OwÝ`m d¡^dmMr gmj XoV
VmR>nUo C^o AmhoV.

BgdrgZmZ§Va Zo_Ho$ g§J_Zoa H$go ~XbV Jobo, `oWo H$moUH$moUË`m amOdQ>r
hmËo `m hr _m{hVr IamIo aM AX^² Vw AerM Amh.o gJ§ _Zao n[agamMm {dMma H$aÊ`mndy u
XmoZ hOma dfmªnyduÀ`m EHy$UM _mZdr OZOrdZmÀ`m {dMmamMm AmT>mdm KoVbm, Va
Ë`mdoioMr n[apñWVr bjmV `oVo. _wimV "_hmamï´>' hm eãX H$Yr ê$T> Pmbm, Vmo
H$moUË`m AWm©Zo ê$T> Pmbm `m~m~V VÁkm§_Ü`o doJdoJir _Vo AmhoV. Hw$Ur `mbm
"_hmaÇ>' Mo "_hmamï´>' Pmë`mMo _mZVmV, Hw$Ur _ahÅ>Mo _hmamï´> Pmë`mMo _mZVmV.
Aem `m _hmamï´>mV _mZdr {dH$mgmbm Iè`m AWm©Zo gwê$dmV Pmbr Vr am_m`U
H$mimZ§Va. bmoH$ àJV hmoV Jobo, eoVr H$ê$ bmJbo. eoVrgmR>r O§Jbr ^mJ gm\$
H$ê$Z VoWo eoVO{_Zr V`ma H$ê$ bmJbo. AZoH$ F$fr_wZtZr {dX^©, AnamÝV d Z§Va
X§S>H$maÊ`mV àdoe Ho$bm. B{VhmgmMm`© amOdmS>|À`m _Vo Z_©XonbrH$S>rb ^mJmV
bmoH$g§»`m dmT>ë`mZo gd©M ~m~VrV daMT> Agboë`m (Ðì`, _Zwî`~i, A{YH$ma)
CÎmaoH$S>rb "aÅ>' bmoH$m§Zr X§S>H$maÊ`mV àdoe Ho$bm. `m H$mimV _mZì`, ^moO,
`mXd, Zb, H$X§~, _m¡`©, MmbwŠ` Am{X eoH$S>mo JmoÌm§Mo "aÅ>' bmoH$ X§S>H$maÊ`mV
dñVrbm Ambo.

`m {R>H$mUr C„oI Ho$boë`m X§S>H$maÊ`mMm EH$ ^mJ Amnbm g§J_Zoa n[aga
Agë`mZo `m ^mJmMm {dH$mg `mM nÕVrZo Pmbm Agmdm Ago _mZÊ`mg nwï>r
{_iVo.
(g§X^©- _hmamï´>mMm gm_m{OH$-gm§ñH¥${VH$ B{Vhmg àm.h.lr.eoUmobrH$a d
S>m°.à.Z.Xoenm§S>o)

20 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

{ZOm_emhr
{edH$mb
neo dmB©

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 21

22 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

{ZOm_emhr - {edH$mb - noedmB©

gZ 1486 À`m gw_mamg ~hm_Zr amÁ`mMo nmM VwH$S>o Pmbo. Ë`mn¡H$s
Ah_XZJaMr {ZOm_emhr hm EH$ ^mJ hmoVm. {ZOm_emhrÀ`mM A§_bmImbr g§J_Zoa
hmoVo. `m H$mimV g§J_Zoa-AH$mobo ^mJmV H$moir bmoH$m§Mo dM©ñd hmoVo, Vo ñdV… amÁ`
H$am`M.o H$moù`mM§ o _w»` eha åhUyZ gÜ`mÀ`m R>mUo {Oëô`mVrb Oìhmabm AmoiIbo
Om`Mo. nwT>o {ZOm_emhrMm à^md dmT>VM Jobm. AmOÀ`m _hmamï´>mÀ`m joÌ\$imMm
{dMma Ho$bm Va Ë`mdoir {ZOm_emhrV _hmamï´>mÀ`m joÌ\$imÀ`m gw_mao 70 Q>¸o$ ^mJ
hmoVm.

gmoimì`m eVH$mÀ`m _Ü`mnmgyZ darb gd© amOdQ>rÀ`m amOH$maUmV
_amR>çm§Zm _moR>m _mZ {_iy bmJbm hmoVm. Am{XbemhrV _amR>m bmoH$m§Zm "~maJra'
åhUyZ bîH$amV KoÊ`mV Ambo. hr _§S>ir J{Z_r H$mì`mZo bT>Ê`mV Va~oO Agë`mZo
Ë`m§Mo _hÎd dmT>V Jobo. gVamì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwédmVrbm OmYd, ^mogbo, qZ~miH$a,
KmQ>Jo, KmoanS>o, _mZo AmXr _amR>m gaXmam§Mo _moR>o Zmd Pmbo hmoVo. BH$S>o Ah_XZJabm
1599 _Ü`o _y{V©Om {ZOm_ehm Xwgam gÎmoda `oVmM _amR>m gaXmam§Mo _hÎd IynM
dmT>bo. B.g.1611 _Ü`o {dR>moOr ^mogbo ho bT>mB©V _aU nmdë`mZ§Va n§MhOmar
_Zg~ ehmOr amOm§H$S>o Ambr. Ë`mdoir amÁ`H$V} amÁ`H$ma^ma H$aVmZm _Zg~Xmam§Mr
Zo_UyH$ H$arV. EH$ hOmar _Zg~ åhUOo EH$ hOma g¡{ZH$m§Mm goZmnVr. Ë`mAWu
ehmOtH$S>o nmM hOma g¡{ZH$ hmoVo Ag§ åhUVm `oB©b. `mM~amo~a _Zg~Xmam§Zm hÎmr,
KmoS>o, C§Q>, IoMao, ~¡bJmS>çm Am{X ~miJÊ`m~m~Vhr {Z`_ qH$dm g§Ho$V Agm`Mo.

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 23

gZ 1624 n`ªV ehmOtZr _{bH$ A§~aÀ`m ZoV¥ËdmImbrb {ZOm_emhrMr
A{Ve` àm_m{UH$nUo godm Ho$br. `mMdfu _moJb Am{U {ZOm_emhrMr OmoaXma
bT>mB© Pmbr. ^mVdS>r `oWo Pmboë`m `m bT>mB©V ehmOtZr eWuZo bT>V {Xbr d _moR>m
namH«$_ JmOdbm. _moJbm§Mm nam^d Pmbm. `m {dO`mV ehmOtMm gdmªV _moR>m dmQ>m
hmoVm. `mVyZM _{bH$ A§~abm ehmOr S>moB©OS> dmQy> bmJbo. Aem n[apñWVrV
ehmOtZmhr {ZOm_emhrV H$m_ H$aUo H$R>rU dmQy> bmJbo. Ë`m§Zr {ZOm_emhr gmoS>br
d Vo {dOmnyaÀ`m Am{XbehmH$S>o Jobo. VoWo hr Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m H$V©¥ËdmZo _moR>o Zmd
{_idbo. 1628 n`ªV ehmOr Am{XbemhrV hmoVo.

BH$S>o `mMXaå`mZ {dOmnyaÀ`m B~«m{h_ Am{XbehmMm _¥Ë`y Pmë`mda
ehmOtZr Am{Xbemhr gmoS>br d nwÝhm {ZOm_emhrH$S>o naV Ambo. Vo {ZOm_emhrV
pñWamdV AgVmZmM 25 Owb¡ 1629 amoOr bIwOr OmYdm§Mm {ZOm_ehmÀ`m Xa~mamV
IyZ Pmbm. Ë`m_wio ehmOtMo _Z {ZOm_emhrV a_oZm. Vo H$mhr H$mi _moJbm§H$S>ohr
Jobo, na§Vw VoWohr Ë`m§Mo _Z a_oZm. ehmOr nwÝhm {ZOm_emhrV Ambo Ë`mdoir
{ZOm_emhrMr n[apñWVr A{Ve` {~KS>br hmoVr. _{bH$ A§~aMm _wbJm \$ÎmoImZmZo
_yV©Om {ZOm_ehmMm A{Ve` {ZK¥©UnUo IyZ Ho$bm. _yV©OmMm Aënd`rZ _wbJm hþgoZ
`mbm JmXrda ~gdÊ`mV Ambo. `m H$mimV ehmOtZr Zm{eH$, Í`§~Ho$ída, OwÞa d
g§J_Zoa ho _hÎdmMo àXoe Vmã`mV KoVbo. `m gd©M ^mJmV {H$ëë`m§Mr g§»`m ~arM
_moR>r hmoVr. `mn¡H$s g§J_Zoa OdiÀ`m no_{Jar `oWrb ehmJS> `m {H$ëë`mV (`mMm
^r_JS> qH$dm no_JS> Agmhr C„oI Ho$bm OmVmo.) eHo$ 1555 À`m ^mÐnX _{hÝ`mV
{ZOm_ehmMm 10 dfmªMm dmag _yV©Om `mbm ehmOtZr {ZOm_ehm åhUyZ V»Vmda
~gdbo (hr KQ>Zm 25 Am°JñQ> Vo 23 gßQ>|~a 1633 Xaå`mZ KS>br.) Am{U ñdV…
H$ma^ma nmhÿ bmJbo. (g§X^© … OoYo eH$mdbrV `m àg§JmMr Zm|X nwT>rbà_mUo Ho$bobr
Amh.o "^mÐnX_mgr emhmOr amOo `mUr n_o {Jarg {ZOm_emhmdar N>oÌ Y[ab'o `m~m~VMr
Xþgar Zm|X "~gmVrZwñgbmVr' `m J«§WmÀ`m nmZ Z§ 322 da {Xbobr Amho. Ago
lr.JOmZZ _oh|Xio `m§À`m "lr amOm {edN>ÌnVr' `m J«§WmÀ`m nmZ 531 da åhQ>bo
Amho, Vr Zm|X Aer, "emhOr d gaXma _wama OJXod (Am{XbehmMm gaXma) `m§Zr
_wV©Omg no_JS> `oWo V»Vmda ~g{dbo'.)

Jmoì`mVrb EH$ nmoVw©JrO {dOamB© H$m|{X X {b‚`m[ag `mZo 10 _o, 1634
amoOr Amnë`m amoO{ZerV {ZOm_emhrMm C„oI Ho$bobm Amho. Ë`mV ehmOr d

24 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

{ZOm_ehmMm _wbJm `m§À`mH$S>o nwT>rb _wbwI Amho, 3 bmI _hgwbmMm OwÞaMm
S>m|Jar {H$ëbm, {OWo emhOmXm Amho Vmo 1 bmI _hgwbmMm emhJS> (hm emhJS>
åhUOMo gJ§ _Zao OdiÀ`m n_o {JarMm {H$„m), 11 bmI _hgbw mMm H$mHo $UMm _bw Iy ,
1 bmI _hgybmMm Zm{eH$ qÌ~H$Mm {H$„m, 75 hOma _hgwbmMm Mm§^maJm|ÚmMm
{H$„m Am{U 1 bmI _hgybmMm MmH$UMm {H$„m `mIoarO Ë`m§À`mH$S>o 3 bmI n°JmoS>o
CËnÞmMo AmUIr àXoe AmhoV. `m _m{hVrdê$Z ehmOtZr g§J_Zoa OdiÀ`m no_{Jar
{H$ëë`mdê$Z {H$Vr _moR>çm àXoemMm H$ma^ma ~{KVbm `mMr H$ënZm `oVo.

AmO no_{Jarbm Ho$di H$mhr {R>H$mUr XJS>r nm`mMo ~m§YH$m_, nmÊ`mMo
Q>mHo$ d no_mB© XodrM§ N>moQ>§g§ _§{Xa EdT>oM Adeof {eëbH$ AmhoV. H$YrH$mir `mM
JS>mda _wV©Ombm JmXrda ~gdÊ`mMm _moR>m g_ma§^ Pmbm, Ë`mdoir AmOw~m§OyÀ`m
n[agamVrb gaXma-C_amdm§Zr `m JS>mda _moR>r JXu Ho$br Agob. N>moQ>çmem no_{Jar
JmdmVrb JmdH$ar hm gmohim _moR>çm H$m¡VwH$mZo ~KV AgVrb, hr H$ënZm Oar Ho$br
Var g§J_Zoa n[agamVrb àË`oH$mMm D$a A{^_mZmZo ^ê$Z `oB©b. (`mM JS>mda nwT>o
1738 Vo 1740 Xaå`mZ ~mOramd noeì`m§Zr _ñVmZrbm dmñVì`mgmR>r R>odë`mMo
åhQ>bo OmVo, _mÌ `mMm H$mJXmonÌr nwamdm {_iV Zmhr.) JS>mnmgyZ H$mhr A§Vamda
gw_mao XmoZ-AS>rM EH$a joÌmV ngabobm A{Ve` OwZm _hmàM§S> dQ>d¥j Amho.
H$Xm{MV _hmamï´>mVrb hm gdmªV _moR>m dQ>d¥j Agmdm.

{X„rV 1627 _Ü`o ehmOhmZZo gÎmm ñWm{nV Ho$ë`mZ§Va Amnbm O_
~gdm`bm gwédmV Ho$br. BH$S>o ehmOtZm gÎmm ñWmnZ Ho$boë`m OwÞa d g§J_Zoa
naJÊ`mda ehmOhmZMr ZOa hmoVr. H$YrH$mir Am{lV åhUyZ `mM n[agamV amhVm§Zm
BWbr g_¥Õr ehmOhmZZo ~{KVbr hmoVr. Ë`mZo 5 \o$~«wdmar, 1636 amoOr Amnë`m
VrZ gaXmam§Zm Zm{eH$, qÌ~H$, OwÞa d g§J_ZoaMo {H$„o Vmã`mV ¿`mdoV Ago AmXoe
{Xbo. `m VrZ gaXmam§V em{hñVoImZmMm g_mdoe hmoVm. Amnë`m AmR> hOmamÀ`m
\$m¡Oogh em{hñVoImZ 8 _mM©, 1636 amoOr g§J_Zoabm nmohMbm. (g§X^© lr amOm
{edN>ÌnVr, boIH$ : JOmZZ _oh§oXio n¥ð> 559) Ë`mZo ehmOtMm _wbyI H$m~rO
H$am`bm gwédmV H$obr. WmoS>çmM {Xdgm§V em{hñVoImZmZo g§J_Zoa d OwÞa n[aga
Vmã`mV KoVbm. _mÌ nwUo naJUm ehmOtÀ`mM Vmã`mV am{hbm. 1636 Z§Va ehmOtZr
nÝw hm EH$Xm Am{XbemhrV ZmHo $ar nËH$abr. Ë`mZV§ a Vo nÝw hm gJ§ _Zao n[agamV Amë`mMo
XmIbo {_iV ZmhrV.

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 25

N>ÌnVr {edmOr_hmamOm§Zr gZ 1646 _Ü`o VmoaUm {H$ëbm qOHy$Z KoD$Z
ñdamÁ`mMr ñWmnZm Ho$br. na§Vw 1660 n`ªV àdaoÀ`m n[agamV _wKbm§MoM amÁ`
hmoVo. _wJb amOdQ>rV amÁ`H$ma^mamÀ`m gmo`rgmR>r amÁ`mMo doJdoJio ^mJ Ho$bo OmV.
Ë`m§Zm naJUm qH$dm _m_bm åhQ>b§ Om`M§. Aem H$mhr naJÊ`m§Mm {_iyZ "gaH$ma'
ZmdmMm _moR>m {d^mJ hmoV Ago. AmOÀ`m ^mfoV ~mobm`Mo Pmbo Va AZoH$ naJÊ`m§Mo
{_iyZ Ë`m§Mm EH$ {Oëhm ìhm`Mm. hm _mZ _wJb amOdQ>rV g§J_Zoabm hmoVm Aer
Zm|X Á`oð> B{Vhmg g§emoYH$ lr goVy _mYdamd nJS>r `m§Zr Ho$br Amho. Ë`m§Zr
g§J_Zoabm EH$m ì`m»`mZmgmR>r Oo Q>mMU Ho$bo hmoVo Ë`mV nwT>rb àH$mao Zm|X hmoVr.
_moJb H$mimVrb g§J_Zoa {Oëhm …- _`m©Xm nyd© JmoXmdarMo H$mbdo, npíM_ H$moH$UmMo
KmQ>, X{jU OwÞa Am{U S>m|Ja. AH$am _hmb, CËnÞ 18 bmI 15 hOma 251 én`o
11 AmUo 3 n¡go.
_hmbm§Mr Zmdo d CËnÞ…-
1) hdobr g§J_Zoa … 718 IoS>r, CËnÞ … 8 bmI 6 hOma 662 én`o 6 AmUo 6 n¡go
2) naJUo Ah_Xm~mX (`odbo) … 221 IoS>r, CËnÞ … 2 bmI 86 hOma 342 én`o 3 AmUo
6 n¡go
3) naJUo ~obm … 35 IoS>r, CËnÞ … 35 bmI 95 hOma 513 én`o 13 AmUo 3 n¡go (`m
naJÊ`mV Jmdm§Mr g§»`m Iyn H$_r {XgV AgyZhr CËnÞmMm AmH$S>m Iyn _moR>m {XgyZ `oVmo,
ho CËnÞ H$em_wio OmñV Amho `mMm g§X^© {_iV Zmhr.)
4) naJUo Í`§~H$ … 23 IoS>r, CËnÞ … 8 hOma 482 én`o 7 AmUo 3 n¡go
5) naJUo qXS>moar … 52 IoS>r, CËnÞ … 37 hOma 684 én`o 7 AmUo 9 n¡go
6) naJUo Ym§S>o\$i … 17 IoS>r, CËnÞ … 12 hOma 825 é$n`o 6 AmUo
7) naJUo Om\$am~mX (MmX§ dS>) … 152 ISo >r, CËnÞ … 3 bmI 52 hOma 908 én`o 6 AmUo
6 n¡go
8) naJUo {gÞa … 15 IoS>r, CËnÞ … 28 hOma 890 é$n`o 5 AmUo 6 n¡go
9) naJUo JwbeZm~mX (Zm{eH$) … 340 IoS>o, CËnÞ … 1 bmI 67 hOma 765 én`o 15
AmUo 6 n¡go
10) naJUo dUr … 121 IoS>r, CËnÞ … 1 bmI 17 hOma 291 én`o 11 AmUo 9 n¡go

`mdê$Z Ago bjmV `oVo AmOMo Zm{eH$ ho _hmZJahr Ë`mdoir g§J_Zoa À`m
AIË`m[aV `oV hmoVo. nwT>o 1869 _Ü`o Zm{eH$ ñdV§Ì {Oëhm åhUyZ A{ñVËdmV
Ambo. (g§X^© … Xe©Z {deofm§H$, n¥ð> H«$.4)

26 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

Ama¡ J§ O~o mMo Ë`m H$mimV Amnë`m gm_m« Á`mda ~marH$ bj Agm`M.o {Ì~§ H$,
OwÞa, {gÞa, g§J_Zoa `m n[agam~m~V Vmo {deof gmdY{Jar ~miJm`Mm. `mMXaå`mZ
{edmOr_hmamOm§Zr em{hñVoImZmda h„m Ho$bm. `m KQ>Zo_wio _wKb gm_«mÁ`mbm _moR>m
YŠH$m ~gbm. _hmamOm§Mo _Zmo~b dmT>bo. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr OwÞa, g§J_Zoa, Í`§~H$,
nÅ>m n[agamVrb {H$ëbo ñdamÁ`mV gm_rb H$ê$Z KoVbo.
(g§X^© … àdamH$mR>Mr g§ñH¥$Vr, n¥ð> … 67)

B.g.1681 À`m gw_mamg Am¡a§JOo~ _moR>r \$m¡O KoD$Z X{jUoV CVabm. `m
_mo{h_oV Ë`mZo Xm¡bVm~mX, AqOR>m, OwÞa, H$ë`mU ~amo~aM g§J_Zoa ^mJhr Amnë`m
Vmã`mV KoVbm. `mZ§VaÀ`m H$mimVrb H$mhr Zm|Xr OwÝ`m H$mJXnÌm§V AmT>iVmV.
· _o 1682 _Ü`o g§J_ZoanmgyZ 8 _¡bm§daÀ`m EH$m JmdmV 200 _amR>m KmoS>oñdmam§Mr
\$m¡O Kwgë`mMr _m{hVr g§J_ZoaMm R>mUoXma ZméOr `mbm {_imbr. Ë`mZo B§Ðqgh
H$N>dmh d gæ`X _wOâ\$a `m§Zm _amR>m \$m¡OoMm ~§Xmo~ñV H$aÊ`mgmR>r nmR>dbo. _wKb
g¡Ý`mZo nmR>bmJ gwê$ Ho$bm. na§Vw H$mhr A§Vamda EH$m Zmë`mV bnboë`m _amR>m
g¡{ZH$m§Zr AMmZH$ _wKb \$m¡Ooda h„m Ho$bm. `mV B§Ðqgh H$N>dmh OI_r Pmbm.
_amR>o {dO`r Pmbo.
· Am°JñQ> 1682 _Ü`o _amR>çm§À`m 200 KmoS>oñdma d 500 nm`XimÀ`m VwH$S>rZo
{gÞada h„m H$ê$Z Vo Vmã`mV KVo b.o `m dio r gJ§ _Zao À`m _Kw b R>mUXo mamZo Ë`mÀ§ `mer
gm_Zm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm na§Vw `e Z Amë`mZo Vmo 2 gßQ>|~a, 1682 bm
g§J_Zoabm naV Ambm.
· gZ 1683 _Ü`o gw_mao ghm-gmV hOma _amR>r g¡{ZH$m§Mr VwH$S>r g§J_Zoa ^mJmV
MmW¡ mB© dgbw rgmR>r Ambr. Ë`m dio r gJ§ _Zao À`m R>mUXo mamZo _Ow â\$aImZ d _mho H$_qgh
`mbm nÅ>m {H$ëbm_mJ} _amR>m g¡{ZH$m§Zm KoaÊ`mgmR>r nmR>dbo. ^moOmnya n[agamV
XmoÝhr g¡Ý`mMr g_moamg_moa JmR> Pmbr d Vw§~i bT>mB© Pmbr. _amR>çm§Mm gaXma
bImoOr `mV _mabm Jobm na§Vw _amR>çm§Zm {dO` {_imbm.
· 1684 À`m gw_mamg _amR>m g¡{ZH$m§Zr nwÝhm EH$Xm g§J_Zoada Mmb Ho$br na§Vw
g§J_ZoaÀ`m R>mUoXmamZo _amR>çm§da AmH«$_U Ho$bo Zmhr. `mM H$maUmñVd ~mXehmZo
Ë`mMm hþÔm H$mTy>Z KoVbm.
· 19 {S>g|~a, 1692 - g§J_Zoa ^mJmVrb nÅ>m {H$ëë`mda Zwé„m `mMr Zo_UyH$
H$aÊ`mV Ambr. JmOrCÔrZ d {MZHw$brImZ ~hmÔÿa `m§Zr _amR>çm§H$Sy>Z nÅ>m {H$ëbm

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 27

qOHy$Z KoÊ`mV _moR>r H$m_{Jar ~Omdbr åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm ~jrgo XoÊ`mV Ambr. `mM
{MZHw$brImZmMr nwT>o 1699 _Ü`o Ah_XZJa, g§J_Zoa, nwUo d {eadi ^mJmÀ`m
ajUmgmR>r ~mXehmZo Zo_UyH$ Ho$br.
· 29 Am°ŠQ>mo~a, 1693 - g§J_ZoaMm \$m¡OXma d A{_Z _wh§_X hmXr `mZo `m
n[agamVrb R>mUoXma d O{_ZXmam§Zr doiàg§Jr Amnë`m _XVrbm `mdo `m~m~VMm
hþHy$_ ìhmdm åhUyZ nÌ {b{hbo.
· 25 OyZ, 1694 - no_JS>Mm (no_{Jar) {H$ëboXma {~amJXmg _aU nmdë`mMr
~mV_r Ambr.
· 1 Owb¡, 1694 - {~amJXmgMm _wbJm ghgam_ Jm¡S> `mbm no_JS>Mr {H$ëboXmar
XoÊ`mV Ambr.
· 26 _mM© 1696 - g§J_ZoaMm \$m¡OXma _wh§_X Vmhra `mbm BVaÌ \$m¡OXmarda
Zo_Ê`mV Ambo d Ë`mMr _Zg~ dmT>{dÊ`mV Ambr.

Am¡a§JOo~mÀ`m _¥Ë`yZ§Va N>ÌnVr emhÿ§Zm ~mimOr {dídZmW ZmdmMm A{Ve`
hþema noedm {_imbm. ~mimOr {dídZmWmZo _wKbm§À`m Vmã`mV Jobobm _wbyI nwÝhm
Vmã`mV KoD$Z Ë`mÀ`m gZXm {X„rÀ`m ~mXehmH$Sy>Z {_idë`m. `mM H$mimV
~mimOr {dídZmW d M§XZmnwar, Odio~mioída n[agamV dmñVì`mg Agbobm hZw_§V
ZmB©H$ `m {^„ gaXmamMr M§XZmnwar KmQ>mV bT>mB© Pmbr. `m bT>mB©V hZw_§V ZmB©H$
_mabm Jobm. Ë`mMr g_mYr AmOhr M§XZmnwar KmQ>mÀ`m daÀ`m ^mJmV {XgVo.

g§J_Zoa n[agamV Ë`m doir A§^moaXè`mMo åhñHo$-Xoe_wI, {e~bmnya-
nmZmoS>rMo gaXma WmoamV, draJmdMo WmoamV `m§À`m ZmdmMm gd©Xÿa X~X~m hmoVm.
g§J_Zoa JmdmV gaXma {OZgrdmbo, gaXma EH$~moQ>o, gæ`X H$mPr `m§À`m ZmdmMm
_mRo >m ~mbo ~mbm Agm`Mm. `mM H$mimV bmHo $H$bmZ§ m _mRo >o àmËo gmhZ {_imb.o Iio mZ§ mhr
gd©Ì àmoËgmhZ {_iy bmJbo. `mÌm, OÌm, gU-CËgdm§Zm ~ha Ambm.

28 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

ñdmV§Í`
gJ§ m« _

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 29

30 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

^mJmoOr ZmB©H$mMm bT>m

1857 À`m H«$m§{V`wÕmV g§J_Zoa n[agahr AJ«oga hmoVm. {deofV… Am{Xdmgr
H«$m§{VH$maH$m§Zr g§J_Zoa, AH$mobo, {gÞa VmbwŠ`m§V B§J«Om§Zm gimo H$s nimo H$ê$Z
gmoS>bo hmoVo. `mV gdmªV AJ«oga hmoVm ^mJmoOr ZmB©H$.

Ah_XZJa {OëømMm {dñVma Ë`mdoir WoQ> Zm{eH$n`ªV hmoVm. Ah_XZJa
ho B§J«Om§À`m H$ma^mamM§ _w»` {R>H$mU hmoV§. {VW§M {OëømM§ nmo{bg Xbhr hmoV§. `m
nmo{bgXbmV ^mJmoOr ZmB©H$ H$m_ H$am`Mm. B§J«O gaH$ma JmoaJ[a~m§da, Am{Xdmgtda
AÝ`m` H$am`Mo, XoemÀ`m ñdmV§Í`mgmR>r Hw$Ur WmoS>r Oar hmbMmb Ho$br, Va Ë`mbm
O~a {ejm ìhm`Mr. ZJa {OëømVrb AH$mobZoa (gÜ`mM§ AH$mobo) `oWrb amKmoOr
^m§Jao d am_m {H$adm `m§Zr gZ 1818 nmgyZ {d{dY {R>H$mUr CR>md H$ê$Z B§J«O
gaH$mabm Ooarg AmUb§ hmoV§. nwT>o am_m {H$adm `mbm nH$S>Ê`mV Amb§ d 1830
gmbr Ah_XZJabm Ë`mbm \$mgmda bQ>H${dÊ`mV Amb§. `mZ§Va amKmoOr ^m§Jao `mZo
Amnbm bT>m gwê$M R>odbm nU Ë`mbmhr gZ 1848 _Ü`o R>mUo `oWo \$mer XoÊ`mV
Ambr. `m XmoZ eya H«$m§{Vdram§À`m Z§Vahr N>moQ>o-_moR>o CR>md gwê$M hmoVo.

^mJmoOr ZmB©H$ `mbm H«$m§{VH$maH$m§Mo ho CR>md ~KyZ AmnUhr Ë`mV gm_rb
ìhmd§ Ag§ dmQ>m`M§. AmnU B§J«Om§Mr MmH$ar H$aVmo AmhmoV, `mMr I§Vhr dmQ>m`Mr.
AemVM ^mJmoOrbm _mV¥^y_rgmR>r bT>Umè`m H«$m§{VH$maH$m§Zm _XV Ho$ë`mÀ`m
Amamno m~Ôb EH$ df© Véw J§ dmgmMr {ejm Pmbr. {ejm gn§ ë`mda ^mJmOo rH$S>o amO{Zð>Mo §
Om_rZnÌ _mJÊ`mV Amb§ na§Vw ^mJmoOrZo Vo XoÊ`mM§ gm\$ ZmH$mab§. Ë`mbm ZmoH$arVyZ

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 31

~S>V\©$ H$aÊ`mV Amb§. Ë`mZ§ WoQ> ñdmV§Í``wÜXmV CS>r KoÊ`mM§ R>adb§. gÜ`mÀ`m {gÞa
VmbwŠ`mVrb Zm§Xya-qeJmoQ>o ho Ë`mM§ _yi Jm§d. VoWo Ë`mZo gmWrXmam§Mr O_dmO_d
Ho$br, Ë`m§Zm bT>mB©M§ à{ejU {Xb§.

^mJmoOrÀ`m `m V`marMr ~mV_r ZJabm B§J«O gaH$mabm g_Obr. Ë`m§Zr
Ooåg {dë`åg hoÝar `m A{YH$mè`mgmo~V nmo{bgm§Mr VwH$S>r XoD$Z Ë`m§Zm Zm§XyaH$S>o
admZm H$o b.o ZmX§ ay JmdmOdiÀ`m S>mJ| amV ^mJmOo r d hÝo arÀ`m nbQ>UrMr 4 AmŠ° Q>m~o a,
1857 amoOr _moR>r bT>mB© Pmbr. ^mJmoOrbm R>ma _maUo ho hoÝarM§ _w»` bú` hmoV§.
na§Vw ^mJmoOrhr gmdY hmoVm. Ë`mZo Zo_ Yê$Z hoÝarÀ`m {XeoZo Jmoir PmS>br. Ë`mV
hoÝarMm KmoS>m Imbr H$mogibm. ^mJmoOrZo Xwgar Jmoir PmS>br, Vr AMyH$nUo hoÝarbm
bmJbr d hoÝar R>ma Pmbm. `m bT>mB©V ^mJmoOr daMT> R>abm. B§J«Om§M§ _moR>§ ZwH$gmZ
Pmb§.

`mZ§Va Ad¿`m 14 {Xdgm§Zr åhUOo 18 Am°ŠQ>mo~a, 1857 amoOr ^mJmoOrMm
_wŠH$m_ g_eoanya (Vm. AH$mobo) `oWo AgVm§Zm Ë`mÀ`mda Xwgè`m§Xm MT>mB© H$aÊ`mV
Ambr. `m bT>mB©Vhr ^mJmoOr d Ë`mÀ`m YmS>gr gmWrXmam§Zr H$Z©b _°H$Z, boâQ>Z§Q>
J«°h_, _oOa M°n_Z `m A{YH$mè`m§Zm O~a OI_r Ho$bo. nwÝhm EH$Xm ^mJmoOrM
daMT> R>abm. ^mJmoOrÀ`m `m namH«$_mMr _m{hVr gJirH$S>o nmohMbr. Ë`mbm AZoH$
H$« m{§ VH$maH$ `Do $Z {_imb.o Ag§ åhUVmV H$s, Ë`mdio r ^mJmOo rH$S>rb EH$y U g{¡ ZH$mM§ r
g§»`m H$mhr hOmam§n`ªV nmohmoMbr hmoVr. `m g¡{ZH$m§Mm IM© MmbdÊ`mgmR>r ^mJmoOrZo
g§J_Zoa, AH$mobo, H$moèhmio (Vm. H$monaJm§d) AmXr {R>H$mUÀ`m {~«{Q>eYm{O©Ê`m
gmdH$ma d O_rZXmam§Zm bwQ>bo.

^mJmoOrM§ AmìhmZ H$g§ nobm`M§ `mgmR>r B§J«O gaH$maZo doimodoir Amnbr
ì`yhZr{V ~Xbbr. gÜ`mÀ`m Zm{eH$ {OëømVrb noR>, `odbm n[agamVhr ^mJmoOr d
B§J«Or \$m¡OoÀ`m AZoH$ bT>m`m Pmë`m. noR>À`m bT>mB©V 20 {S>g|~a, 1857 amoOr
^mJmoOrMm ^mD$ _{hnVr _mabm Jobm. na§Vw ^mJmoOr IMbm Zmhr. Amnë`m àXoemV
Amboë`m B§J«Om§À`m VmdS>rVyZ hr ^y_r _wŠV H$aUo hmM hoVy Ë`mÀ`m S>moù`mg_moa
hmoVm. EìhmZm B§J«O gaH$mabmhr ^mJmoOrÀ`m VmH$XrMm A§XmO Ambm hmoVm. Ë`m§Zr
AmVm gmdYnUo nmdbo CMbm`bm gwédmV Ho$br. 5 Owb¡, 1859 amoOr ^mJmoOr
g§J_Zoa VmbwŠ`mVrb A§^moaXam (A§^moao) `oWo Wm§~bobm AgVm§Zm Ë`mÀ`mda H°$ßQ>Z
ZÅ>b ZmdmÀ`m A{YH$mè`mÀ`m ZoV¥ËdmImbr h„m H$aÊ`mV Ambm. A§^moaXè`mÀ`m

32 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

S>m|JamV Vw§~i `wÜX Pmbo. `mV ^mJmoOrMm _wbJm `ed§V _mabm Jobm. XoemgmR>r
Amnbm ^mD$, _wbJm `m§M§ ~{bXmZ XoUmè`m ^mJmoOrMr AmH«$_H$Vm `mZ§Vahr H$_r
Pmbr Zmhr. Ë`mZo OmJmoOmJr CR>md H$ê$Z B§J«O gaH$mabm AS>MUrV AmUUo gwê$M
R>odbo.

11 Zmoìh|§~a, 1859 amoOr ^mJmoOr ZmB©H$ d Ë`mÀ`m 49 gmWrXmam§Mm
gÜ`mÀ`m {gÞa VmbwŠ`mVrb _rR>gmJao Jmdr _wŠH$m_ hmoVm. EH$m {\$VwamZo hr ~mV_r
B§J«O A{YH$mè`m§Zm H$idbr. Ëd[aV _oOa \«±$H$ gyQ>a d Ë`mÀ`m nbQ>UrZo ^mJmoOrda
h„m Ho$bm. AMmZH$ Pmboë`m `m hëë`mV ^mJmoOrbm gmdam`bm doiM {_imbm
Zmhr. Ë`mMo 45 gmWrXma `m bT>mB©V _mabo Jobo. AIoarg ^mJmoOrhr _mabm Jobm.
^mJmoOrM§ ho ~{bXmZ nwT>o AZoH$m§Zm àoaUm XoUma§ R>ab§. ^mJmoOr ZmB©H$ `m§Mr AIoa
_rR>gmJao `Wo o Pmbr, Agm C„Io AZHo $ {R>H$mUr Amho Va H$mhr B{Vhmg ge§ mYo H$mÀ§ `m
_Vo ^mJmoOrMr AIoa _rR>gmJao JmdmnmgyZ 13 _¡bm§da Agboë`m gm§Jdr (Vm.{gÞa)
`oWo Pmbr.

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 33

{eS>u `oWrb lr gmB©brbm `m _m{gH$mÀ`m EH$m nwamVZ A§H$mV à{gÕ Pmbobo
bmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$m§À`m g§J_Zoa ^oQ>rZ§Va gmB©~m~m§À`m ^oQ>rÀ`m àg§JmMo dU©Z.

(g§J_Zoa ZJanm{bHo$Vrb Zm|XrZwgma {Q>iH$m§Zr 19 _o amoOr g§J_Zoabm ^oQ> XoD$Z
Xwgè`m {Xder åhUOo 20 _o amoOr {eS>ubm ^oQ> {Xbr. _mÌ gmB©brbm A§H$mV

{Q>iH$ d gmB©~m~m§À`m ^oQ>rMr VmarI 19 _o N>mnbr Amho.)

34 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

ñdmV§Í` g§J«m_ Am{U {Q>iH$ ^oQ>

gZ 1917 _Ü`o Zm{eH$ `oWo hmo_ê$b brJMr n[afX Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV
Ambr hmoVr. `m n[afXogmR>r bmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$ Ambo hmoVo. g§J_ZoaMo Zm_Xodamd
Zdb,o draMЧ lrMX§ , Omeo r Q>r.H$o ., Zmam`Uamd naXeo r d BVa H$mhr _S§ >ir Zm{eH$bm
Jobr. n[afX g§në`mda ~mnygmho~ nmaoJmdH$a `m§À`m _Ü`ñWrZo {Q>iH$m§Zm ^oQy>Z
gJ§ _Zao bm `Êo `mMr {dZV§ r H$o br. {Q>iH$mZ§ r {Z_̧ U ñdrH$mab.o {Q>iH$ Am{U XmXmgmh~o
ImnS>} _moQ>marVyZ g§J_ZoaH$S>o {ZKmbo. añË`mV {gÞabm bmoH$m§Mo ñdmJV ñdrH$mê$Z
nwT>o gd©M Jmdm§V añË`mda ñdmJVmgmR>r Cä`m Agboë`m bmoH$m§Zm ^oQ>V amÌr 8 dmOVm
{Q>iH$ g§J_Zoabm nmohMbo. JmoqdXam_ ~mb{H$gZ `m§À`m KamV WmoS>m doi Wm§~yZ
{Q>iH$ g^mñWmZmH$S>o admZm Pmbo. gÜ`mÀ`m ZJanm{bHo$À`m nQ>m§JUmV EH$ qMMoMo
PmS> hmoVo. `m PmS>mImbr ì`mgnrR> V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. Amnë`m KUmKmVr
^mfUmV {Q>iH$mZ§ r ñdamÁ`mÀ`m gdg© m_mÝ`mZ§ m g_Obo Aem gmßo `m ^mfVo AW© gmJ§ Zy
ñdamÁ` hm _mPm OÝ_{gÕ hŠH$ Amho Am{U Vmo {_idUmaM, ñdamÁ` åhUOo Amnbr
^mH$ar, AmnU ñdH$ï>mZo {_idyZ gwImZo H$er Imdr `mMm A{YH$ma Amnbm Amho.
na{H$`m§Zr {Xbobm Am`Vm Kmg Amåhm§g Amamo½`Xm`H$ Zmhr. {Q>iH$m§À`m ^mfUmMm
g§J_ZoaH$am§da _moR>m à^md nS>bm. {Q>iH$m§Zm g_j ~KÊ`mMr d EoH$Ê`mMr
g§J_ZoaH$am§Mr AZoH$ dfmªMr BÀN>m nyU© Pmbr. {Q>iH$m§Mo ^mfU g§nbo Voìhm amÌrMo
gmS>oAH$am dmObo hmoVo. Vmo {Xdg hmoVm 19 _o, 1917.

Xgþ è`m {Xder gH$mirM {Q>iH$ gJ§ _Zao hZÿ `do ë`mH$S>o admZm Pmb.o gH$mir

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 35

gmS>oAmR>À`m gw_mamg Vo {eS>u `oWo gmB©~m~m§Zm ^oQ>Ê`mgmR>r Wm§~bo. gmB©~m~m§er ~amM
dio MMm© Pmë`mda ~m~mZ§ r Ë`mZ§ m Xnþ mar D$Z Imbr Pmë`mda nTw >o OmÊ`m~Ôb gm{§ JVb.o
Ë`mZwgma {Q>iH$ XþnmaZ§Va `odë`mH$S>o admZm Pmbo.

{Q>iH$mÀ§ `m `m g^Zo V§ a gJ§ _Zao H$am_§ Ü`o ñdmVͧ ` Midir{df`r _mRo >o MV¡ Ý`
{Z_m©U Pmbo. B§J«Om§À`m am¡boQ> A°ŠQ>À`m {damoYmV 6 E{àb 1919 amoOr g§nyU©
g§J_ZoamV ~§X nmiyZ _moR>r {_adUyH$ H$mT>Ê`mV Ambr d B§J«Om§À`m XS>nemhrMm
{ZfoY H$aÊ`mV Ambm. OZab S>m`aZo Om{b`Zdmbm ~mJoV Ho$boë`m Jmoir~mamÀ`m
{ZfoYmgmR>r 13 E{àb 1919 amoOr nwÝhm EH$Xm JmdmVrb gd© emim, XwH$mZo ~§X
R>oD$Z {ZfoYmMr {_adUyH$ H$mT>Ê`mV Ambr hmoVr. `m doir KoÊ`mV Amboë`m g^oV
am_H¥$îUXmg _hmamO, ^¡æ`mgmho~ Hw$bH$Uu AmXr ZoË`m§Mr ^mfUo Pmbr.

1920 _Ü`o _iw er `Wo rb bmHo $mÀ§ `m O{_Zr YaUmÀ`m H$m_mgmR>r {~{« Q>emZ§ r
Vmã`mV KoVë`m hmoË`m Voìhm _moR>m gË`mJ«h Pmbm. _wierMm gË`mJ«h åhUyZ n[a{MV
Pmboë`m `m gË`mJ«hmV gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r g§J_ZoahÿZ am_H¥$îUXmg _hmamO,
am_^mD$ ^JdmZ Xoenm§S>o, am_X`mi Zmd§Xa AmXr _§S>ir Jobr hmoVr. `m doir
goZmnVr ~mnQ>m§Zr g§J_ZoaÀ`m _§S>itMo {deof H$m¡VwH$ Ho$bo hmoVo. no{Q>Q> {dÚmb`mMo
_mOr _w»`mÜ`mnH$ Xo.^m.bobo `m§Zrhr emioÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ _wbm§da Xoeào_mMo g§ñH$ma
Ho$bo. g§J_ZoamVrb bmoH$m§Zm Ë`m§Zr {~«{Q>em§{déÕÀ`m Am§XmobZmgmR>r _moR>çm à_mUmda
nd« Î¥ m H$o b.o n{o Q>Q> {dÚmb`mÀ`m gñ§ WmnH$mn§ H¡ $s _mYdamd ~m~m naeam_r ho ì`dgm`mZo
dH$sb hmoVo na§Vw 1885 gmbr H$m±J«ogÀ`m ñWmnZonmgyZ Vo H$m±J«ogMo H$Å>a g_W©H$
hmoVo. ñdXoerMo I§Xo nwañH$V} åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm AmoiIbo Om`Mo. ImXrMo H$nS>o d ~m§~ybm
_oZH$mnS> bmdyZ V`ma Ho$bobr ñdXoer N>Ìr Vo dmnam`Mo. 1931 Vo 34 Xaå`mZ
ZJanm{bHo$Mo AÜ`j Agboë`m VwH$mam_ ~mimOr C\©$ ~bmo~m {Zèhmir `m§Zrhr
{~«{Q>em§Zm Zoh_r {damoY Ho$bm. ZJamÜ`j AgVmZm Ë`m§Zr ZJanm{bHo$À`m B_maVtda
qhXwñWmZMm amï´>r` ÜdO bmdbm hmoVm. `m~Ôb Ë`m§À`mda IQ>bm ^abm Jobm hmoVm,
na§Vw Vo {ZXm}f gwQ>bo. Jm§YrOtZr Xm§S>r `oWo {_R>mMm gË`mJ«h Ho$ë`mda _w§~B©Vrb
{dbonmb} `oWohr {_R>mÀ`m gË`mJ«hmMo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `m gË`mJ«hmV
gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r ~mnwgmho~ nmaoJmdaH$a, J§JmYa Xidr, nm§Sw>a§J _§MaH$a d BVa
Ago 28 OU g§J_ZoamVyZ Jobo hmoVo.

36 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

_hmË_m Jm§YtMr g§J_Zoa ^oQ>

1920 gmbr bmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$m§Mo {ZYZ Pmbo. {Q>iH$`wJ g§nbo Am{U
XoemV Jm§Yr`wJ gwê$ Pmbo. ^maV^a Jm§YrOt{df`r àM§S> AmXamMr ^mdZm hmoVr.
bmoH$ Jm§YrOtÀ`m g^m§gmR>r, Ë`m§Zm ~KÊ`mgmR>r, Ë`m§Zm EoH$Ê`mgmR>r _moR>r JXu
H$am`Mo. g§J_ZoamV Ë`mdoir ImXr dmnamMr Midi OmoamV gwê$ hmoVr. AghH$mamMr
Midihr Omoa YarV hmoVr. hr Jmoï> _hmË_mOtn`ªVhr nmohMbr. ehamVrb nwT>mar
_§S>ir lr.H$mH$mgmho~ qnJio, lr.~mnwgmho~ nmaoJmdH$a, lr.VwH$mam_ {Zèhmir,
lr.J§JmYa Xidr, lr._wabrYa O`am_Xmg, lr.OJÞmW Xidr, lr.JUoe gam\$,
lr.bmbgmho~ nraOmXo, lr.{edZmam`U Zmd§Xa, lr.~m~wamd R>mHy$a, lr.e§H$aamd
g§V dH$sb AmXr ZoË`m§À`m nwT>mH$mamVyZ Jm§YrOtZm g§J_Zoabm `oÊ`mMo {Z_§ÌU XoÊ`mV
Ambo. Jm§YrOtZr _moR>çm AmZ§XmZo g§J_Zoabm `oÊ`mMo _mÝ` Ho$bo. g§J_Zoa ehamVhr
Jm§YrOt{df`r bmoH$m§_Ü`o Iyn Hw$Vyhb hmoVo. 1921 gmbÀ`m _o _{hÝ`mV ~mV_r
Ambr H$s Jm§YrOr g§J_Zoabm `oUma AmhoV. g§nyU© VmbwŠ`mV Jm§YrOtÀ`m g^o{df`r
MMm© gwê$ Pmbr.

21 _o amoOr Jm§YrOtMr ^wgmdiÀ`m aoëdo ñQ>oeZda EH$ g^m Pmbr. Vo
I§S>dm `oWyZ aoëdoZo {ZKmbo hmoVo. Ë`m§Mo eãX H$mZmV gmR>dÊ`mgmR>r bmoH$ AmVya hmoVo.
XoemÀ`m ñdmV§Í`g§J«m_mgmR>r {ZYrMr JaO hmoVr. `mgmR>r {Q>iH$ ñdamÁ` \§$S>mMr
ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmVo r. bmHo $hr `mgmR>r `WmeŠVr _XV H$arV hmVo .o ^gw mdiMr
g^m AmQ>monyZ Jm§YrOr Zm{eH$bm Ambo. Ë`m§À`mgmo~V _hmXod^mB© XogmB© hohr hmoVo.

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 37

Zm{eH$hÿZ Jm§YrOtZm _moQ>marZo g§J_Zoabm AmUÊ`mgmR>r g§J_ZoamVyZ H$mhr _§S>ir
Jbo r hmVo r. JmY§ rOtMo gJ§ _Zao mV gm`H§ $miÀ`m g_w mamg AmJ_Z Pmb.o Ë`mM§ r Wm~§ Ê`mMr
ì`dñWm a§JmaJ„r n[agamVrb nwamVZ gmo_oœa _§{XamV H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. Jm§YrOr
gmo_oída _§{XamV Wm§~bo na§Vw _§{XamVrb EH$m _yVuda {dbm`Vr H$nS>o hmoVo, åhUyZ Vo
H$mhrgo ZmamO Pmbo. Ë`mM~amo~a n[agamVrb {~Ja qhXy bmoH$m§Zm _§{XamV `oD$Z
Amnë`mbm ^oQ>Vm `oUma Zmhr åhUyZ Jm§YrOtZr _§{XamV Z Wm§~Ê`mMo R>adbo. Z§Va Vo
JmdmVrb draM§X lrM§X JwOamWr `m§À`m Kar _w¸$m_mbm Wm§~bo. Ë`m{Xder d
Xwgè`m{Xderhr bmoH$m§Zr Ë`m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r _moR>r JXu Ho$br hmoVr.

Xþgè`m {Xder a{ddmar 22 _o amoOr Ë`m§À`m g^oMo ZJanm{bHo$À`m àm§JUmV
Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. AmOy~mOyÀ`m IoS>çmnmS>çmVyZ g§J_ZoamV Jm§YrOtÀ`m
g^ogmR>r ~¡bJmS>çm§Mr arK bmJbr hmoVr. `m g^oV Ë`m§Zr bmoH$m§Zm {dXoer _mb
dmnê$ ZH$m, Xmê$ {nD$ ZH$m, amï´>r` emioV {eH$m d ñdmV§Í`g§J«m_mV gh^mJr ìhm,
Ago AmdmhZ Ho$bo. `m g^oV Ë`m§Zr {Q>iH$ ñdamÁ` \§$S>mgmR>r bmoH$m§Zr Am{W©H$
gh`moJ Úmdm Ago AmdmhZ Ho$bo. `m g^oV gw_mao Mma hOma én`m§Mm {ZYr O_m
Pmbm. JmdmVrb EH$ J¥{hUr ÛmaH$m~mB© _mohZramO Xoenm§S>o `m§Zr Amnë`m hmVmVrb
EH$ gmÝo `mMr nmQ>br H$mT>yZ JmY§ rOtH$S>o gnw Xy © H$o br. gJ§ _Zao H$amZ§ r `m g^Vo JmY§ rOtZm
Vm§ã`mÀ`m nÍ`mda H$moabobo _mZnÌ àXmZ Ho$bo. ho _mZnÌ Jm§YrOtZr g^m g§në`mZ§Va
Ë`m§À`m g§J_Zoa ^oQ>rMr AmR>dU åhUyZ nwÝhm ZJanm{bHo$H$S>o gwnyX© Ho$bo.

`m g^oMm d¥Îmm§V JwOamW_Yrb ZdOrdZ `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mV à{gÕ Pmbm
hmoVm, Vmo nwT>rbà_mUo -

AmO AmnU gdmªV ~bmT>ç g_Oë`m OmUmè`m amÁ`ì`dñWoer bT>m XoV
AmhmoV. Amnë`mbm VrZ _hÎdmMr H$m_o nyU© H$amd`mMr AmhoV; _mÌ Ë`mgmR>rMo
Amnbo _mJ© AmnU `m~m~V J^§ ra Agë`mMo Xe{© dV ZmhrV. AmO ho gd© nm{hë`mZV§ a
_bm Ago dmQ>Vo H$s, Oa AmnU g§nyU© Xoe^a Aem nÕVrZoM H$m`© H$arV am{hbmo Va
^maV Xoe "ñdamÁ`' `m g§H$ënZogmR>r AZwHy$b Zmhr. g§nyU© Xoe^amV _r ào_gmJamV
ÝhmD$Z {ZKVmo Amho. na§Vw `m ào_m¾rÛmao eŠVr d ~b {Z_m©U hmoB©n`ªV ho ào_
{Zén`moJrM Amho. _bm Hw$Ur _mPr nyOm H$amdr qH$dm nXñne© H$aUo A{O~mV
AmdS>V Zmhr. `m Jmoï>tMm _bm àM§S> {VañH$ma Amho. `mVyZ ^maV XoemMr Ho$di
AYmoJVrM Amho. Aem nXñne© H$aÊ`mZo Xoembm ñdmV§Í` d ñdamÁ` bm^Uma Zmhr!

38 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

_bm Amnbm Xoe I§~ranUo C^m Agbobm nmhm`Mm Amho Am{U AemM VèhoZo ^maV
OJmVrb gd© Xoem§g_moa C^m Agbobm nmhm`Mm Amho. _bm "Jm§YramÁ`' ZH$mo Amho,
Hw$Ê`m "EH$m'M§ amÁ` ZH$mo Amho, hd§ Amho Vo \$ŠV "ñdamÁ`' Ë`m_wio bmoH$m§Zr _mPo
nXñne© A{O~mV H$ê$ Z`o. AmnU nmíMmË` g§ñH¥$VrMo AdmñVd Am{U A{VaoH$s
AZwH$aU Ho$bo`. AmnU Ë`m§Vrb gm¢X`mªÀ`m AZw~§YmZo AmnU A{YH$ Mm§Jbo H$mhr
H$ê$ eH$bmo AgVmo. na§Vw Aem àH$maMm ~§Y hm Ho$di ñÌrÛmaoM dmnabm OmD$
eH$Vmo. Ooìhm EImXr Jmoï> H$emgmR>r d Ho$ìhm dmnam`Mr, hoM Vwåhmbm _mhrV ZgVo,
Voìhm Vwåhr {VMm dmnaM H$emgmR>r H$aVm? Vwåhmbm Ago dmQ>Vo H$s, \w$bm§~amo~a
ao{~Z dmnaë`mg Vr gm¢X`mªV ^a Q>mH$Vo; `mdê$Z ho {XgVo H$s ^maVmV H$mhr Jmoï>r
H$aÊ`mÀ`m Amnë`m nÕVr `m AZmH$bZr` CËgwH$VoMm g§J_ AmhoV. `mVyZ AmnU
~mhoa H$go nSy> eH$Vmo, hoM XmI{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$m±J«og H$arV Amho. Vwåhr Oo H$mhr
H$aVmV, Ë`mV _mbH$s h¸$ Am{U {dMmarnUm/{dMmar àd¥Îmr Hw$R>oM Zmhr. Vwåhr
{Q>iH$ _hmamOm§Zm _mZVmV H$m? Ë`m§Zr Amnë`mbm EH$ n{dÌ eãX {Xbm Amho,
Am{U EH$M EH$ - Vmo eãX R>odyZM Ë`m§Zr OJmMm {Zamon KoVbm. {Q>iH$ _hmamOm§Ûmao
_¥Ë`yníMmV {Xbobm dmagm hm g§nyU© ^maV^amgmR>r Amho. XoemVë`m BVa ^mJm§Vrb
bmoH$m§nojm Vw_Mr O~m~Xmar _moR>r Amho? 1 Am°JñQ> amoOr Ë`m§À`m AmËå`mbm Vwåhr
H$m` CÎma Úmb? Vwåhr Oa BVa H$mhr H$aV Zgmb, Va H$_rV-H$_r eŠ` {VVH$m
"ñdXoer'Mm dmna H$am Am{U {H$_mZ _§{Xam§_Ü`o Var naXoer dñVy§Mm dmna H$ê$ ZH$m.
_r Zoh_r Y_©Jwê§$Zm Am{U nwOmè`m§Zm gm§JV AgVmo H$s, Ooìhm-Ooìhm Vo _bm naXoer
H$nS>çmZo Am{U dñVy§Zr gOboë`m _§{XamV KoD$Z OmVmV Voìhm _bm AVrd Xþ…I
hmoVo.
(_yi JwOamWr_Yrb "ZdOrdZ' `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mÀ`m 9 OyZ, 1921 amoOr à{gÕ
Pmboë`m _OHy$amhÿZ gm^ma)
gyMZm : "ZdOrdZ' _Ü`o àH$m{eV Pmboë`m _hmXod XogmB© `m§À`m "Jm§YrOtMm
àdmg'_YyZ g§nm{XV _OHy$a.

`m g^oZ§Va Jm§YrOr H$monaJm§d _mJ©o `odbm `oWo Jobo d VoWyZ aoëdoZo Xm¢S>_mJ}
gmobmnyabm admZm Pmbo. _hmË_mOtÀ`m g§J_Zoa ^oQ>rZ§Va gd©Ì M¡VÝ`mMo dmVmdaU
{Z_mU© Pmb.o bmHo $ Ma»`mda gVy H$mT>yZ ImXr {dUy bmJb.o JmdmVrb Xmê$ {dH$Umè`m

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 39

bmoH$m§Zm Xmê$ Z {dH$Ê`mMo AmdmhZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `mgmR>r pñÌ`m§Zrhr _moR>m nwT>mH$ma
KoVbm. Ad¿`m EH$m _{hÝ`mVM bmoH$m§Mo Xmê$ JwËË`mda OmUo ~§X Pmbo.

`mZ§Va 1927 _Yo nwÝhm EH$Xm Jm§YrOr g§J_Zoabm Ambo, na§Vw Ë`m§Mr hr
g§J_Zoa ^oQ> H$moUË`mhr g^ogmR>r qH$dm ~¡R>H$sgmR>r ZìhVr. 16 \o$~«wdmar 1927
amoOr Ë`m§Mr Zm{eH$bm g^m Pmbr, hr g^m g§në`mda gm`§H$mir Vo g§J_Zoabm
_Šw H$m_r Amb.o gJ§ _Zao mVrb dH$sb d gm_m{OH$ jÌo mVrb AJgo« a ì`pŠV_Îd amdhmÔaÿ
Jmonmiamd _mYdamd naeam_r `m§À`m Kar Ë`m§Zr _wŠH$m_ Ho$bm. Xþgè`m {Xder 17
\o$~«wdmar amoOr Jm§YrOr Ë`m§À`m nyd©{Z`mo{OV H$m`©H«$_mgmR>r Ah_XZJabm admZm Pmbo.

40 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

O§Jb gË`mJ«h

1930 gmbr Jm§YrOtZr _rR>mÀ`m gË`mJ«hmMr KmofUm Ho$br. Ë`m doir
g§nyU© Xoe^a bmoH$ noQy>Z CR>bo hmoVo. ZmJ[aH$m§Zr eŠ` Ë`m-Ë`m _mJm©Zo Jm§YrOtÀ`m
Am§XmobZmbm nm{R>§~m ì`ŠV Ho$bm. ZJa {OëømVhr Ë`m doir O§Jb gË`mJ«h hr
A{^Zd _mohr_ am~dbr Jobr. O§Jb gË`mJ«h hr g§H$ënZm g§J_Zoa d AH$mobo
VmbwŠ`mV gdm©V à^mdrnUo am~{dÊ`mV AJ«oga hmoVo lr am_H¥$îUXmg _hmamO.
g§J_Zoa, AH$mobo VmbwŠ`mV _moR>çm à_mUmda dZg§nXm hmoVr. J«m_rU ^mJmVrb
OZVm eoVr~amo~a O§Jbmda Amnbr JwOamU H$am`Mr. _Y Jmoim H$aUo, bmHy$S>\$mQ>m
Jmoim H$aUo, O§JbmVrb JdVmda newnmbZ H$aUo `mda AZoH$ bmoH$m§Mr JwOamU
ìhm`Mr na§Vw Ë`m doir O§JbmMo H$m`Xo B§J«O gaH$maZo IynM H$S>H$ Ho$bo hmoVo.
O§Jbmda Adb§~yZ Agboë`m Am{Xdmgtda AË`mMma hmoV hmoVo. Zo_H$s hrM Jmoï>
bjmV KoD$Z am_H¥$îUXmg _hmamOm§Zr O§Jb gË`mJ«hmMr `moOZm _hmamï´> gË`mJ«h
_§S>imbm {Xbr.

`m `moOZoZwgma _hmamï´>mV {d{dY {R>H$mUr O§Jb gË`mJ«h gwê$ Pmbo.
g§J_Zoa, AH$mobo n[agamV am_H¥$îUXmg _hmamOm§~amo~aM ~mnwgmho~ nmaoJmdH$a,
^¡æ`mgmho~ Hw$bH$Uu, ^mB© XÎmm Hw$bH$Uu, JUoe Omoer `m§Zr V`marbm gwédmV Ho$br.
gJ§ _Zao JmdmVZy EH$m ^ì` {_adUHw $sMo Am`mOo Z H$o bo Jbo .o AH$mbo ,o amOay , ~m« ÷UdmS>m,
g_eoanya, {Ia{dao, amOmnya, Amídr, no_{Jar, Odio ~mioída, ^moOXar, M§XZmnwar,
gmdaJmd Kwbo, _mioJmd, H$m¡R>o dZHw$Q>o Aem doJdoJù`m n[agamV EH$ JQ>à_wI d

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 41

Ë`mÀ`m _XVrbm nmM Vo ghm gË`mJ«hr XoÊ`mV Ambo. bmoH$m§_Ü`o OZOmJ¥Vr H$ê$Z
Ë`mÀ§ `mH$S>yZ gË`mJh« mgmR>r YmÝ`mMr dJU© r Jmio m H$aÊ`mV Ambr. {d{dY {R>H$mUmh§ Zÿ
bmoH$ O_m hmoD$ bmJbo. g§J_ZoamVhr gË`mJ«hr EH$Ì hmoD$ bmJbo. JmdmVrb
_mirdmS>çmVrb _méVrÀ`m _§{XamV, OJÞmW Xidr `m§À`m KamV VgoM ~mnwgmho~
nmaoJmdH$a `m§À`m KamV gË`mJ«htMr Wm§~Ê`mMr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. g§J_Zoa
VmbŠw `mgmR>r gË`mJh« mMo gM§ mbH$ åhUZy ^`¡ mgmh~o H$w bH$Uu `mM§ r {Z`Šw Vr H$aÊ`mV
Ambr.

gË`mJ«hmMr _m{hVr gaH$mabm H$iV hmoVr. gaH$ma Ë`m Ñï>rZo OmJmoOmJr
~§Xmo~ñV dmT>{dV hmoVo. JwßV nmo{bg Amnbm Ahdmb amoOÀ`m amoO d[að>m§Zm nmR>{dV
hmoVo. O§Jb gË`mJ«hmMr n{hbr nm`ar åhUyZ O§JbmV MaÊ`mgmR>r Jwam§Zm gmoS>Ê`mV
`oD$ bmJbo. nmo{bgm§À`m _XVrZo O§JbmVyZ OZmdao hþgH$mdyZ bmdÊ`mMm à`ËZ hmoD$
bmJbm, na§Vw àM§S> _moR>çm à_mUmdarb Jwao d JwamIr `m§Mr gaer hmoV hmoVr.
O§JbdmQ>m _mhrV Agbobo JwamIr nmo{bgm§Zm hþbH$mdZr Úm`Mo. nmo{bgm§Zr AIoa
O§Jb gË`mJ«hmMo à_wI am_H¥$îUXmg _hmamO `m§Zm AQ>H$ Ho$br. _hmamOm§À`m
AQ>Ho$Z§Va ~mnwgmho~ nmaoJmdH$am§Zr gË`mJ«hmMo ZoV¥Ëd H$am`bm gwédmV Ho$br. Ë`m§Zm
AQ>H$ H$ê$Z ghm _{hÝ`m§Mr {ejm R>moR>mdÊ`mV Ambr. `m XmoZ ZoË`m§À`m AQ>Ho$Z§Va
BVahr AZoH$ ZoË`m§Zm d gË`mJ«htZm AQ>H$ Pmbr.

`m AQ>H$ gÌmZ§Va gd© {R>H$mUr EH$mM {Xder gË`mJ«h H$aÊ`mMo {ZpíMV
Pmbo. Ë`mZwgma 21 Owb¡ 1930 hm {Xdg R>a{dÊ`mV Ambm. g§J_Zoa VmbwŠ`mV `m
{Xder AZoH$ Jmdm§_YyZ bmoH$m§Zr _moR>çm à_mUmda ^mJ KoVbm. amOmnya `oWo am_
ZmJao d ~mnwamd Xoe_wI, Amídr `oWo ~mi nmaoJmdH$a d _Zmohan§V Kwbo, no_{Jar `oWo
_mYdamd Hw$bH$Uu n{hbdmZ d ^mD$amd eoQ>o, Odio ~mioída `oWo VH©$VrW©
bú_UemñÌr Omoer, ^¡`mgmho~ Hw$bH$Uu, {XJ§~a EH$ZmW ^mboamd, gmamoio `oWo
XÎmmÌ` gmamoiH$a, dZHw$Q>o `oWo ~miy H$moR>oH$a, {dZm`H$ amd qhJo, KmaJmd `oWo
J§JmYaamd Amhoa, {M_mOr Amhoa, _mioJmd `oWo Zm_Xod ^moB©, Zmam`Uamd ^moB©,
^mOo Xar `Wo o XmXm nmQ>rb, nVw ù`m S>mJ| amOdi bmbOr nS| >g,o lrnmX Zda,o eH§ $aemñÌr
Omoer, M§Xwbmb H$i§Ìr, _w§~B© `oWrb S>m°.OmZr d Ë`m§À`m nËZr {_gog Om°Zr AmXtZr
gË`mJ«hmMo ZoV¥Ëd Ho$bo. M§XZmnwar `oWo Iyn _moR>çm à_mUmda bmoH$ O_bo hmoVo,
Ë`mnH¡ $s 36 bmHo $mZ§ m AQ>H$ Pmbr. `m bmHo $mZ§ m gmSo >{dÊ`mgmR>r Á`ðo > ZVo o H$o .~r.Xeo _Iw

42 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

`m§Zr à`ËZ Ho$bm na§Vw bmoH$m§Zr H$mamdmg nËH$abm. KmaJmd `oWo H$m|S>mOr nmQ>rb
`m§Zr AmOmar AgVmZm gË`mJ«hmV ^mJ KoVbm. Ë`m§Zm nmo{bgm§Zr AQ>H$ H$ê$Z
g§J_Zoabm XdmImÝ`mV XmIb Ho$bo. na§Vw Ë`m§Mo XdmImÝ`mVM {ZYZ Pmbo. g§J_Zoa
~amo~aM AH$mobo VmbwŠ`mVhr AerM n[apñWVr hmoVr.

`m gË`mJ«hmV g§nyU© _hmamï´>mVyZ AZoH$ ZoË`m§Zr g§J_Zoa, AH$mobo n[agamV
`oD$Z Amnbm gh^mJ Zm|Xdbm. `mV AÀ`wVamd d amdgmho~ nQ>dY©Z, gXm{ed
I§S>mo AiVoH$a, VH©$VrW© bú_UemñÌr Omoer AmXr _moR>çm ZoË`m§Mmhr gh^mJ hmoVm.
g§J_Zoa VmbwŠ`mVrb e§H$a {dîUw H$mUo, am_M§Ð Í`§~H$ CnmgZr, _mYd bú_U
Hw$bH$Uu, lrnV amOmam_ Vobr, am_ ^JdmZ Xoenm§S>o, VwH$mam_ Jmonmim YmaUH$a,
OJÞmW am_X`mi Zmd§Xa, nm§Sw>a§J Ym|{S>~m {ZMi, e§H$a JmoqdX nmaoJmdH$a, gXm{ed
e§H$a nmaoJmdH$a, {nVm§~aXmg {M_Ubmb, ZmJoe AZ§V n|S>go, bú_U XmXm {_gmi,
_m¡bmZm hgZ ~oJ Abr ~oJ, har nm§Sw> amD$V, ZmZm har XmVa§Jo, nÞmbmb {edZmW
bmhmQo >r, lrnV amOmam_ dmbPmS>,o aJ§ ZmW am_^mD$ gXm\$i,o am_MЧ _hmXy gJ§ _Zao H$a,
~§Sy> VmË`m gmdoH$a AmXtZm AQ>H$ H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr.

`m Am§XmobZmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo ehar d J«m_rU ^mJmVrb gd©gm_mÝ` ZmJ[aH$,
eoVH$ar, eoV_Oya AmXr bmoH$ EH$Ì Pmbo Am{U Ë`m§Zr EH${XbmZo {~«{Q>e gÎmoer
gm_Zm {Xbm.

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 43

bú_U AZ§V Xoenm§S>o
44 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

...Am{U no{Q>Q>da {Va§Jm \$S>H$bm

Amnë`m ^maV Xoembm B§J«Om§À`m Jwbm_{JarVyZ _wŠV H$aÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$m§Zr
à`ËZ Ho$bo. `mV VéUm§nmgyZ Vo d¥ÜXm§n`ªV AZoH$m§Zr Amnbo `moJXmZ {Xbo. EdTo>M
Zìho Va emioV OmUmar _wbohr ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m `m Am§XmobZmV gh^mJr Pmbr hmoVr.
Ah_XZJa {OëømVhr JmdmJo md ñdmVͧ ` Midi gêw $ hmVo r. gJ§ _Zao _Ü`o am_H$¥ îUXmg
_hmamO, ^æ¡ `mgmh~o H$w bH$Uu `m àIa amîQ>´^ŠVmÀ§ `m ZVo Ë¥ dmImbr ñdmVͧ `mMr Midi
Omoa YarV hmoVr.

1931 Mm gw_ma hmoVm. g§J_ZoaÀ`m no{Q>Q> {dÚmb`mMr g§nyU© {OëømV EH$
Zm_m§{H$V emim åhUyZ AmoiI hmoVr. `mM emioV XodrXmg ^mñH$a bobo ZmdmMo
Xoe^ŠV _w»`mÜ`mnH$ hmoVo. B§J«O amÁ`H$Ë`mªÀ`m ZOaog `oD$ Z XoVm Vo emioV
_wbm§Zm Xoeào_mMo YSo> Úm`Mo. XoemÀ`m ñdmV§Í`mgmR>r àË`oH$OU Amnë`m narZo
`moJXmZ XoD$ eH$Vmo Ag§ _wbm§Zm nQ>dyZ Úm`Mo. bobo _mñVam§À`m Aem H$iH$irÀ`m
AmdmhZmZo B§J«Or Mm¡WrV {eH$Umam bú_U AZ§V Xoenm§So> ZmdmMm {dÚmWu à^m{dV
Pmbm. bú_UÀ`m gmWrbm am_^mD$ H$mio, ^mñH$a Xwd}, à^mH$a ~S}> Ago XoemgmR>r
H$mhrVar H$ê$ BpÀN>Umao gd§JS>r hmoVo. `m gdmªZr EH$Xm R>m_ {ZíM` Ho$bm H$r AmnU
Ag§ H$mhrVar H$ê$ H$r Á`m_wio B§J«O gaH$maMr ZmMŠH$s hmoB©b d ñdmV§Í` MidirV
H$m_ H$aUmè`m§Zm àoaUm {_iob.

AIoarg gdmªZw_Vo JmdmVrb no{Q>Q> emioÀ`m N>Vmda {Va§Jm ÜdO bmdm`Mo
{Z{íMV H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `m H$R>rU H$m_mgmR>r Hw$UmMr {ZdS> H$am`Mr hm àíZ

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 45

Ambm Voìhm bú_U VmS>²H$Z CR>bm d _rM P|S>m bmdUma Ag§ gdmªZm gm§{JVb§.
A{Ve` JwánUo R>aboë`m `m ~oVmMr ~mV_r H$er H$moU OmUo ~mhoa \w$Q>br. ZJahyZ
VmVS>rZo H$boŠQ>a g§J_Zoabm Ambo. Ë`m§Zr nmo{bg A{YH$mè`m§Mr ~¡R>H$ KoVbr. no{Q>Q>
emio^modVr ~§XyH$Ymar nmo{bgm§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV Ro>dÊ`mV Ambm. Hw$Urhr g§e`mñnX
hmbMmb H$aVmZm {Xgbm Va Ë`mbm Om½`mda Jmoù`m KmbÊ`mMo AmXoe XoÊ`mV
Ambo. JmdmV XheVrM§ dmVmdaU {Z_m©U Pmb§ na§Vw bú_UMm {ZYm©a n¸$m hmoVm.
AIoarg {Va§Jm ÜdO bmdÊ`mMr VmarI {Z{íMV Pmbr. g§Ü`mH$mir Zoh_rà_mUo
no{Q>Q> emio^modVr ~§XyH$Ymar nmo{bgm§Zr doT>m {Xbm. Ë`mdoir drOoMo {Xdo Zgë`mZo
JmdmV _w»` Mm¡H$mV {_U{_UVo H§$Xrb bmdbobo Agm`Mo. `m A§YmamV bú_UZo
XmoZ-XmoZ {_Ìm§Mo XmoZ JQ> H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm nmo{bgm§À`m nmiVrda ~gdbo. amÌ dmT>V
Joë`mda nhmè`mdarb nmo{bg H$mhrgo {ZYm©ñV hmoD$Z EH$m OmJr ~gbo. bú_Ubm
hm {Zamon {_iVmM Ë`mZo no{Q>Q> emionmgyZ eo-{XS>eo \w$Q>mdarb EH$m KamÀ`m Jƒrda
àdoe Ho$bm. VoWyZ X~H$V-X~H$V Vmo `m Kamdê$Z Ë`m Kamda Ago H$arV no{Q>Q>
emioÀ`m q^Vrda MT>bm. g_moa ~§XyH$Ymar nmo{bg {XgV hmoVo. WmoS>mgm Oar AmdmO
Pmbm Var JmR> _¥Ë`yer hmoVr. bú_U Ordmda CXma Pmbm hmoVm. Ë`mbm g_moa \$ŠV
^maV_mVm, ñdV§Ì ^maV hoM bú` {XgV hmoV§. Ë`mZo hiyM emioÀ`m N>Vmdarb
H$mhr H$m¡bo H$mT>br. ñdV:OdiMm {Va§Jm ÜdO EH$m H$mR>rbm ~m§YyZ Vmo N>VmÀ`m
_Ymo_Y n¸$m ~m§Ybm. _Ü`amÌ Pmbr hmoVr. A§YmamVhr S>m¡bmZo \$S>H$Umam {Va§Jm
ÜdO ~KyZ bú_UM§ _Z AmZ§XmZo ^ê$Z Amb§ hmoV§. Ë`mbm AmVm _¥Ë`yMrhr {^Vr
dmQ>V ZìhVr. Ë`mZo ñdV: C^maboë`m ÜdOmbm d§XZ Ho$b§ Am{U Hw$Umbmhr H$mhr
H$iÊ`mÀ`m AmV Vmo d Ë`mMo {_Ì Amnmnë`m Kar Jobo.

Xwgè`m {Xder gH$mir Vm§~S§> \w$Q>VmM Jmd^a ~mV_r ngabr. ~§Xmo~ñVmda
Agboë`m nmo{bgm§Zm Va YS>H$rM ^abr hmoVr. B§J«Om§À`m ZmH$mda {Q>ƒyZ Hw$UrVar
{Va§Jm ÜdO bmdbm `mMm JmdmVrb amîQ´>ào_r bmoH$m§Zm _Zmo_Z AmZ§X Pmbm hmoVm.
ZJahyZ H$boŠQ>a d BVa ~So> A{YH$mar VmVS>rZo g§J_Zoabm XmIb Pmbo hmoVo. P|S>m
bmdUmè`mMm emoY gwê$ Pmbm. emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªMrhr Mm¡H$er Pmbr. na§Vw Hw$Urhr
bú_UMo d Ë`mÀ`m {_Ìm§Mo Zmd nwTo> `oD$ {Xbo Zmhr.

AmO hr KQ>Zm H$Xm{MV N>moQ>rer dmQy> eH$Vo na§Vw EH$m 14 dfm©À`m _wbmZo
Á`m§À`m gm_«mÁ`mdarb gy`© H$YrM _mdiV Zmhr Aem {~«{Q>e gÎmobm AmìhmZ

46 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

XoÊ`mM§ YmS>g H$aUo hr gmYr JmoîQ> ZìhVr. `m KQ>ZoZ§Va VrZ-Mma dfm©VM bú_UZo
A{YH$ _moR§> YmS>g H$aÊ`mM§ R>adb§. Ë`mMr BÀN>m AmVm ~§Jmb_Ü`o OmD$Z geñÌ
H«$m§Vr H$aÊ`mMr hmoVr. `mgmR>r {nñVwbo IaoXr H$aÊ`mMm Ë`mMm _Zgw~m hmoVm.
{nñVwbmgmR>r _moR>çm n¡em§Mr JaO hmoVr. bú_UZo Amnë`m H$mhr {_Ìm§gh nwUo
JmR>b§. Ë`m§Zr EH$ ZH$br d EH$ Agbr {nñVwb {_idb§ hmoV§. nwÊ`mV Ë`m doir
{d{dY H$amM§ m ^aUm amOo gm`H§ $mir {dlm_~mJ dmS>çmVrb H$m`mb© `mV O_m ìhm`Mm.
Ë`m H$mir ZmoQ>m àM{bV Zgë`mZo gd© aŠH$_ {M„a ñdê$nmV Agm`Mr. bú_UZo
XmZo gm`H$btda XmZo -XmZo {_ÌmZ§ m dmS>çmÀ`m XmZo XadmOm~mhao C^o H$o b.o gܧ `mH$mir
Zoh_rà_mUo aŠH$_ KoD$Z `oUmam _mUyg S>moŠ`mda n¡emMo JmR>moSo> KoD$Z AmV Ambm.
bú_U d Ë`mÀ`m gmWrXmamZo jUmYm©V Ë`mÀ`mda h„m H$ê$Z S>moŠ`mdaMo JmR>moSo>
IoMÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm. na§Vw AmR>-Xhm {H$bmoMo JmR>moSo> KoD$Z gd©OU Imbr nS>bo.
AmaS>mAmoaS>m Pmbm. ^am^a bmoH$ ~mhoa Ambo. bú_UZo ñdV:H$S>À`m {nñVwbmVyZ
XmoZ \¡$ar hdoV PmS>ë`m. n¡go KoD$Z niUo AeŠ` Amho Ag§ bjmV Amë`mda
gdmªZr VoWyZ nbm`Z Ho$bo. `m KQ>ZoZ§Va nwÊ`mV _moR>m JXmamoi Pmbm hmoVm.

nmo{bgm§Zr KQ>ZoMr gImob Mm¡H$er Ho$br. bú_U Xoenm§S>o Am{U Ë`m§À`m
gmWrXmam§Zm `m àH$aUmV AQ>H$ hmoD$Z Ë`m§Zm `oadS>çmÀ`m H$mamJ¥hmV Vwé§Jdmg
^mJo mdm bmJbm. Véw J§ mVZy {ejm ^mJo Zy Amë`mdaXIo rb bú_U Xeo nmS§ >o `mZ§ r Amnë`m
ghH$mè`m§À`m _XVrZo {d{dY MidirV ^mJ KoVbm.

1914 gmbÀ`m a§Jn§M_rÀ`m {Xder OÝ_boë`m bú_U Xoenm§S>o `m Wmoa
ñdmV§Í`g¡{ZH$mMo 24 _o, 2011 amoOr {ZYZ Pmbo.

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 47

48 / Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr - S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a

n§{S>V Zohê§$Mr g§J_Zoa ^oQ>

^maVr` bmoH$m§Mm {~«{Q>e gÎmobm hmoUmam dmT>Vm {damoY ~KyZ 1935 _Ü`o
{~«{Q>e gaH$maZo EH$ H$m`Xm g§_V Ho$bm. Ë`mZwgma 1937 _Ü`o {ZdS>UwH$m KoÊ`mMo
R>abo. XoemÀ`m ñdmV§Í`MidirV _moR>m gh^mJ Agboë`m H$m±J«oggmR>r ho _moR>o
AmìhmZ hmoVo. H$m±J«ogÀ`m ZoË`m§Zr ho AmìhmZ ñdrH$mabo Am{U gd©Ì àMma g^m§Zm
gwédmV Pmbr. JmdmoJmd àMmamÀ`m g^m hmoD$ bmJë`m. "B§J«Om§Mo amÁ` ho Owb_mMo
amÁ` Amho, Vwåhmbm Oa gwIr ìhm`Mo Agob Va H$m±J«ogÀ`m C_oXdmam§ZmM {ZdSy>Z
Úm' Ago AmdmhZ Ho$bo OmV hmoVo.

g§J_Zoa VmbwŠ`mVhr àMmambm Omoa MT>bm hmoVm. CÎma ZJa {OëømV
H$m±J«ogÀ`mdVrZo lr.b._m.nmQ>rb, lr.Ho$edamd VWm Ho$.~r.Xoe_wI, lr.H$mH$mgmho~
qMMmoaH$a d lr.am_^mD$ {Ja_o `m§Zm C_oXdmar XoÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. lr.Ho$.~r.Xoe_wI
ho g§J_ZoaMo Zm_m§{H$V dH$sb hmoVo. {OëømÀ`m X{jU ^mJmV àMmamgmR>r gaXma
d„^^mB© nQ>obm§Mm Xm¡am Pmbm. AemVM ~mV_r Ambr H$s n§{S>V Odmhabmb Zohê$,
ZJa {OëømV `oUma Ë`m§À`m Xm¡è`mV g§J_ZoaMmhr g_mdoe Amho. ho H$iVmM g§J_Zoa
n[agamV AmZ§XmMo dmVmdaU ngabo. àË`oH$OU n§{S>VOtZm ~KÊ`mgmR>r-EoH$Ê`mgmR>r
CËgwH$ hmoVm. AmOda Ho$di dV©_mZnÌm§VyZ Á`m§À`m{df`r dmMb§ hmoV§, Vo Zohê$
g§J_ZoamV `oUma åhUyZ ñdmJVmMr OmoaXma V`mar gwê$ Pmbr. Zohê§$Mm Xm¡am Ho$di
EH$m {XdgmMm hmoVm. `m EH$m {XdgmV Vo ZJa-~obmnya amoS> d g§J_Zoabm g^m KoUma
Ago Omhra Pmbo. gH$mir ZD$ dmOVm ZJa, Z§Va gmS>oXhm Vo gmS>o~mam ~obmnya amoS>

S>m°.g§Vmof IoS>boH$a - Jmoï> EH$m JmdmMr / 49