438 Besides that, humans also have a weakness in estimating the right amount of water for the plant. Then the use of a humidity sensor can overcome the problem. There are several similar projects that have been implemented before as a reference. An Automatic Irrigation System using Arduino UNO project use soil moisture sensor to calculates the amount of water in the soil and send to the Arduino to turn on the water pump when required (Soni, Shaikh, Khan, Biredar, & Kukre, 2020). While, an Automatic Plant Irrigation Control System Using Arduino and GSM Module project use almost the same system but added GSM function to send notification status of the system to the user (Akwu, Bature, Jahun, Baba, & Nasir, 2020). Then, the Smart Irrigation System with Message System using Arduino and GSM module project combines temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and soil moisture sensors as data that control the plant watering process and add solar functions as an energy source (Kumar, et al., 2022). The limitation of the previous projects compares to AWAMS shown in Table 1 below. Table 1: Limitation of the project Project Title Limitation Automatic Irrigation System using Arduino UNO i. There is no water supply (water tank) monitoring system used in the watering process Automatic Plant Irrigation Control System Using Arduino and GSM Module i. The GSM module only notify user the soil moisture reading. ii. There is no water supply (water tank) monitoring system used in the watering process Smart Irrigation System with Message System using Arduino and GSM module i. The GSM module only notify user when the water pump ON and OFF. ii. There is no water supply (water tank) monitoring system used in the watering process From the results of reading some previous projects, AWAMS proposed adding a water level monitoring function in the tank to ensure sufficient water supply for a period of at least two weeks. This is to support the users who need to work outstation for long periods so they can use this system at their house. Therefore, AWAMS can overcome the problem of time constraints and saving water usage for the automatic plant watering process. It will use Arduino Uno R3 as the controller and soil moisture sensor to detect the moisture of the soil in the pot. AWAMS also added the function of monitoring the water level in the tank by using GSM technology that will notify the user of the suitable time to fill the water in the tank. 3. METHODOLOGY The method started with sketch and draw the design idea of AWAMS. Figure 1 shows the sketching idea of a cylinder water tank with three potted plant. The idea of using water tank is to meet the needs of house that do not have a pipe water supply in the balconies of high-rise buildings. The water tank needs to be filled manually by the user and the water level will be monitored using a float switch. The status of the water level in the tank will be sent to the user using the GSM system.
439 Figure 1: Sketching idea of AWAMS After the design is confirmed, the next step was material selection. Material used for produced AWAMS as shown in Table 2. Then, the process is continuing with fabricating the project based on the design. The Arduino coding writing process for the monitoring system also runs at the same time. Table 2: List of material used No Material Picture 1 Arduino Uno R3 2 Arduino GSM 3 4 Channel 5V Relay Module 4 Solenoid Valve
440 5 Soil Moisture Sensor Module 6 Float Switch 7 LED 8 Power Supply 9 Jumper wire 10 PVC Pipe Class 6 20mm 11 Sprinkler 12 Micro Diaphragm Pump 13 Arduino I2C Serial LCD 16x2 14 Voltage Regulator 15 Box 16 Water barrel
441 A wood pallet is use as a platform to place the water barrel. Four wheels are added below the platform to make sure it easily moves around. The water piping and solenoid valve are placed below the wood platform from the water barrel to the sprinkler for the plant in the pots. All the wiring and controller box are placed to a wall made from plywood board. The plywood wall is secured with the wood platform using an L bracket and two stick of wood as a pole. Figure 2 shown the completed project of AWAMS. Figure 2: The AWAMS AWAMS has two systems, a monitoring, and a watering system. Monitoring system has three level indicators for the water level, high, medium and critical. For the high level, green LED has been used while yellow for medium and red for critical level. One of the scopes of this project is for people who is working outstation, so these three indicators will notify the user early level by level water tank status on the user’s phone using GSM. Figure 3 shown the SMS send by the GSM to the user’s phone.
442 Figure 3: SMS send by the GSM to the user’s phone Next, watering system used soil moisture sensor to detect the moisture percentage of the soil. Then, if the soil is dry, the valve and pump will turn on automatically and start watering the plants until the soil sensor detects the soil is wet. The pump and valve will automatically turn off if the soil is wet. Figure 4 shown the system flow chart for AWAMS.
443 Figure 4: System flow chart The total cost involved in completing this project as shown in Table 3. It was found that there is no system kit that has the same scope with AWAMS sold in the market for now. However, there are several system kits that only have an automatic watering scope using a soil moisture sensor sold that cost between RM 250 – 350 (Cytron, n.d.) (Elecrow, n.d.) (Elecfreaks, n.d.). START WATER LEVEL MOISTURE SENSOR DRY SIGNAL TO ARDUINO NO YES OPEN VALVED AND ON PUMP MOISTURE LEVEL DRY? YES NO SIGNAL TO ARDUINO CLOSE VALVED AND OFF PUMP END HIGH MEDIUM CRITICAL SIGNAL TO ARDUINO SIGNAL TO ARDUINO SIGNAL TO ARDUINO ON LED (GREEN) ON LED (YELLOW) ON LED (RED) SEND SIGNAL TO USER YES YES YES NO NO
444 Table 3: Total cost of AWAMS Component / Part Specification Quantity Price/ Unit (RM) Total (RM) Arduino Uno R3 (with cable) Output voltage: 5V and 3.3V DC. Input voltage: 5V ~ 9V DC 1 30.00 30.00 Arduino GSM Dual-Band 900/ 1800 MHz Supply voltage range 5V 1 45.00 45.00 4 Channel 5V Relay Module Max. switching voltage 250VAC/30VDC Max. switching current 10A 1 14.00 14.00 Solenoid Valve Actuating voltage: 12VDC Working Pressure: Inlet Valve: 0.02 Mpa - 0.8 Mpa 3 20.00 60.00 Soil Moisture Sensor Module Input voltage: 3.3V-5V Output: Digital/Analog 3 4.00 12.00 Power Supply Output 1: 5VDC/6A Output 2: 12VDC/2A 1 14.00 14.00 Micro Diaphragm Pump Volts: DC 12V Flow: 5 L/min 1 34.90 34.90 Arduino I2C LCD 5V powered 2x16 character 1 11.70 11.70 LED Diameter：10mm 3 1.00 3.00 Float Switch 3 5.50 16.50 Voltage Regulator Output: +5 Volt, 1.0A 1 10.00 10.00 Jumper wire Length: 10cm 5 Set 1.50 7.50 Piping 30.00 Sprinkler 3 5.00 15.00 PVC Box 1 10.00 10.00 Tank 40 Litre 1 20.00 20.00 Total due RM 333.60 4. RESULT AND ANALYSIS In AWAMS, the capacity of the water in the tank must be enough for at least two weeks because sometimes people who always have to work outstation can be gone for more than one week. The tank used is 40-liter black plastic barrel with the height of 60 cm. Besides, to make AWAMS more marketable, user do not have to refill the tank repeatedly. An experiment has been run to see the results for how many days the water in the tank can last. The system was running for a month in controlled weather and the results is shown in Table 4. This experiment is run for three potted plant only, if there is a reduction or addition there may affect the water in tank. From this experiment, it can conclude this system can run without any human help for a maximum of four weeks for three potted plants with controlled weather. Table 4: Data for water level tank experiment Weeks Water Level 1 Below High 2 Below Medium 3 Below Medium 4 Critical
445 This experiment also proves the low water consumption rate for the process of watering plants where a 40-liter water tank can last up to a month to water three potted plants. This system requires an average of less than 1.3 liters of water per day to water three plant pots. Therefore, by utilizing this system, AWAMS can be one of the initiatives to reduce the rate of water consumption in one day for each individual in Malaysia. Another experiment also has been run to test the size of pot are affect the amount of water using to watering the plant. There are three different sizes of pots using which 10cm x12cm for small pot, 15cm x 17cm for medium pot, and 19.5cm x 23.9 for big pot. The Figure 5 below shown size of pot will affect the amount of water need for watering the plant but the types of stems not give significant different. From the experiment, it can conclude the small size pot needs less water comparing the big pot which can affect the maximum time needed to refill the water tank. Figure 5: Graph for pots size vs time for watering By using a sprinkler at the end of the pipe it can make sure that the surface of the soil is watered equally. AWAMS also uses delay timing for the watering process. This means that the pump will not pump the water continuously. This method to provide some time for water to be absorbed into the soil without causing stagnant of water on the surface and flooding the pots. Advantages: i. This system can eliminate the human need for the plant watering process. ii. The process of watering the plants can be carried out optimally in order to reduce water wastage. Limitations: i. The operation of this system can only be monitored remotely but cannot be controlled remotely. ii. The water tank needs to be filled manually. 5. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the objective of the project to design and fabricate AWAMS using a soil moisture sensor and Global System for Mobile (GSM) has been achieved. The AWAMS can function well and meet the main objective. Where the system can automatically water the potted plant 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Small pot (10x12) Medium pot (15x17) Large pot (19.5x23.5) Time (seconds) Size of Pots Pots size vs time for watering Hardness stems Softness stems
446 when the soil moisture drops below 50%. Therefore, AWAMS can save the use of water and prevent running out of water in the tank with the GSM monitoring function system. For future work, it is suggested AWAMS can be improved by adding fertilizer in the water tank and using a pH sensor to control the appropriate amount of fertilizer needed for plants. So, it will meet the needs of potted plants that need enough fertilizer and water to plants grow vigorously. AWAMS can also be connected to a pipe water source and equipped with suitable timers and sensors to allow it to be installed in landed houses. It is also proposed to be equipped with a control and monitoring system from a mobile phone to monitor and determine the suitable time to fill the water in the tank. In addition, this system can also be connected with a rainwater collection system to fill the water in the irrigation tank. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, thanks to Allah S.W.T. for the guidance and mercy. The completion of this project could not have been possible without the support and encouragement from colleagues. Thank you to colleagues in developing this project and people who are willing to help out with their abilities. It has been a great honour and privilege to undergo this process of creating a project that helps to gain and share knowledge. REFERENCE Akwu, S., Bature, U. I., Jahun, K. I., Baba, M. A., & Nasir, A. Y. (2020). Automatic plant Irrigation Control System Using Arduino and GSM Module. International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing(IJEM), Vol.10, No.3, pp.12-26. Cytron. (n.d.). EcoDuino - An Auto Planting Kit. Retrieved from Cytron Marketplace: https://my.cytron.io/p-ecoduino-an-auto-planting-kit Elecfreaks. (n.d.). ELECFREAKS micro:bit Smart Agriculture Kit, DIY Programming STEM kit with Basic Coding Electronics Sensors. Retrieved from Elecfreaks: https://shop.elecfreaks.com/products/elecfreaks-micro-bit-smart-agriculture-kit-without-micro-bitboard Elecrow. (n.d.). Arduino Automatic Smart Plant Watering Kit 2.1. Retrieved from Elecrow: https://www.elecrow.com/arduino-automatic-smart-plant-watering-kit.html Hassan, A., Shah, W. M., Harum, N., Bahaman, N., & Mansourkiaie, F. (2019). The Development of an Automated Irrigation System Using an Open Source Microcontroller. International Journal of Human and Technology Interaction, Vol.3, No.1, pp.101-107. Hisham, M. F. (2018). Plant Watering System. Melaka: Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM). Kumar, S., Sinha, V. K., Mukhija, M. K., Saini, Y., Shankar, S., & Kumar, V. (2022). Smart Irrigation System with Message System using Arduino and GSM module. International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM), Vol.06, Issue.06, pp.1-11. Ministry of Energy, G. T. (2017). Malaysia Green Technology Master Plan. Putrajaya: Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water Malaysia (KeTTHA). Patil, V. B., & Shah, A. B. (2019). Automated Watering and Irrigation System using Arduino UNO. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, Vol.4, Issue.12, pp.928-932. Soni, A., Shaikh, R., Khan, A., Biredar, N., & Kukre, V. N. (2020). Automatic Irrigation System using Arduino UNO. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Vol.07, Issue.03, pp.666-669. SPAN. (2022). Water and Sewerage Fact Book. Cyberjaya: Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN). Zulkiffli, N., Ismail, N., & Tukiran, Z. (2021). Monitoring and Watering System for Indoor Gardening using Internet of Things (IoT). Evolution in Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Vol.2; No.2; pp.354-362.
447 PANEL PENILAI KERTAS PENULISAN | CTVETriLS’23 PN. AIDA ZURAINA BINTI MIR AHMAD TALAAT EN. MOHD. HELMY ABD. WAHAB DR. SYAIMAK BINTI ABDUL SHUKOR EN. NOR HAMIDAH BINTI YATIM Log. ABDUL AZIZ BIN ISHAK PN. NOR MAHANI BINTI MD. RASIDI MOHD. EZRY BIN MUHAMMAD RIZAL TAN PN. NOR SOLEHAH BINTI MOHD JASAT PROFESOR MADYA DR. AHMAD SHABUDIN BIN ARIFFIN PROF. MADYA TS. DR. NORLIZA BINTI ABD. RAHMAN TS. DR. MUHAMAD ZAHID BIN MUHAMAD PN. SITI ZARIDA BINTI SYED NORDIN DR. AMMAR BADRUDDIN BIN ROMLI TS. DR. LIM HOOI PENG DR. HASIAH BINTI MAT SALLEH TS. DR. NORHAFIZAH BINTI ISMAIL DR. HASMAINI BINTI HASHIM TS. NUR SYUHADA BINTI MOHAMAD RODZI DR. INTAN FARAHANA BINTI ABDUL RANI TS. SYAMSUL BAHRI BIN MOHAMAD DR. MOHAMMAD RIDHWAN BIN NORDIN PN. UMI SURIAYANA BINTI JAMION DR. NAZIFAH BINTI MUSTAFFHA TS. DR. ZINVI FU DR. NORFARAHI BINTI ZULKIFLI TS. MOHAMMAD AIZAT BIN BASIR DR. NORLEEZA BT MUHAMMAD DR. HAYATI BINTI IBRAHIM DR. SALINA BINTI ABDUL MANAN DR. NOR ASHIKIN AHMAD GS. DR. NORHAZLAN BIN HARON DR. NUR ASHIKIN BINTI MARZUKI TS. MOHD. SALLEHIN BIN ABAS DR. NURUL ASYIKIN BINTI IBHARIM DR. AMEERUZ KAMAL BIN AB. WAHID PROF. MADYA TS. DR. ROSIAH BINTI ROHANI DR. SYAIFUL BAHAREE BIN JAAFAR EN. SHAH ROL BIN HUSSAIN EN. SHAHIDZWAN BIN A. RAHIM TS. DR. MAZIDAH BINTI MAT REJAB PN. FAIRUZZA BINTI HAIRI TS. DR. NORHANISHA BINTI YUSOF EN. HAFIZOL BIN ABU HASSAN TS. DR. NUR HIDAYAH BINTI AHMAD PN. HASANAH BINTI SAFEIN @ SHAFIE TS. FIRDAUS BIN ALI IR. TS. DR. AHMAD ZAIDI BIN ABDULLAH TS. SITI RAHAIDA BINTI ABDULLAH
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23 www.psp.edu.my/ctvetrils PROSIDING CONFERENCE ON TVET RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN LOGISTICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 2023 (CTVETrils’23). Politeknik Seberang Perai (online) 9 789672 774327 e ISBN 978-967-2774-32-7 -0-2398-24-0 -25709-4-3 --9-