Van De Graaffs Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory

•Human B1olo©-

2
3

Figure 9.87 A transwne 5.:'l;tiou of~pha~~.

l. M u..:os.:i 3. Musc:uhris

2, Sobn\uCOs:.\ 4 t,um<:n

2 6

Figure 9.86 The waU ofthi: t·sopha~us. 7
I. Inner circubr 1.:iye:r
8
(muSiCu.la.rts <'Xtcrru)
2. Omer lo u:dtudim..l bycr

(m uscti.l:tri.s t·xtl.'rlU)
3. •\ l t u c ~ : i

4. Subu-wcosa
5. :...1uscul:1.ris e-xh:r na

7

8 Figure 9.89 l1H! m~jor ,·egioo~ and $U'11cturcs of

') du.· ~tou1ach,

Il l I. Esopbagu.s 5. Pylorus ofstomach

11 2. C.udi:tc pomon 6. Fundus ofstonuc:h

ofl-1:0\11adt 7 J30..1)1 of Stol\\:tdl

] . lc-sst·r CUT\".ttun: 8. Cri::iti:r curvatur,: of

of:-tomadt st011\ad1

4. Duodenum

12 2
3
Figure 9.88 An a.utcr ivr vit·w ot t hl.' trunk.
291
I Right Im~ 7 tclt hmg

2. F:dcUonu ligan )t'nr 8. DiJ.phr.11-,rJn

3. Right lobe ofUver 9. Left lobe of liw.r

.i. Gallbladder I0. LC!l,S<r cw·v.aflln.." of figure 9.90 Th~ stonm:h wall

5 Dody of 9r,m:irh t t t) m:i,c h 1. M11cni::1 .3, Mus(;.11bl'is exrc;rna

6 . Gn:ate-r curvattm.· of 1 1. Tr.tni,\1t t:Sc colo u 2. Subntucosa

12. Small um-snnc

• A Photog,aph1c Atlas for the Biology Laboratory

Figure 9.91 T he hlstolog)' ofth e i::trdiac region ofdu · stonllch. figure 9. 92 Titt' hiswlogy ofth1.· j 1j. tuttm1 of tbe-

1. Lumen oi stom.-ich -~· Lun ioa 1>mpri:1 :-m:aU intt-sti111.•.

2. Surface CJHthcl.ium 6. P..1riet1J ~dis I . Suh111uco~ 6, hl tt'Sllu,11 gbnd-,

3. Mucosal ridg1."S- 7. C hi<.-f (zymog<.•uic) cdls 2, Cirr-ubr :'Ind l<mgm,dina1 7. Suhmucos:i

4, Gasrnc pm, m uscles 8. Pll(;:t <'.lit:ul3ris

3. M ucou 9. Lumen ofsuull

4. Str()s.'.l

5. Villus

5

(,

7

8

9

ill

II

figure 9.93 A ~t•.::tion ofth1.· b rgc Figure 9.94 A n Jio~mph of the bqre i1m.-sciu1:.

imcst1ne (colo n). I. Ri£'IH colon 011.·patk'.) fl~ Xut\' 7. Tr.uisvcrse colon

I 1-1.lu~trum 4 Senulun:ir folds 2. /\scc;1l<ljng col<Ml 8 I uml~r \~1"1¢hr:,

2. T:teniae cvli (plicae) of colon 3. Sii;rnoid colon 9. Ocscendiu~ colon
J . Epi1,1oJC :.'lppeoda~ IO. R ectum
-t Caecum

5, Ld't colic (iipkruc) t1exurt 11 . 1-itp jo iuc

<, 12d, nb

292

•Human B101-0gy

2

4

3

5

Figure 9.95 T he- c~ecum ,ind .1pp('nd1x, Figure 9.96 An dc-n.mn mk.rograph ofthe deum,
sho ,,11 in cros.~ section.
l. Ascending colo n 4. Ucum

2. 1:'.leniac coli 5. Appendix I , hm:.·m n:ll v111i 4. Subnmco.sa

3. Caecum 2. Lumcu 5. Tuuii.:a musc:uJaris
3 . Mucooa 6. Adventitia

7

Adl\"113.I gl:111d 2
RmaJ i'lrtt'f)'
RcnaJ ,..~m 3

K lrln<.·y ~

1'hrinm i11:1I :'l()t'l;\ 5
Lnfonor \'t'll:1 c.iv:1
6
Urctt<r
Ur,11.,ry hbd,k·r Figure 9.98 The k id.m:y and un.'ter wtth uvt:-rlying

Urethr.a \'1'ie;CI':\ l'Clll('f\~ti ,

An1en(lr vi(':,,,
figure 9.97 T he or~n~ o( , he unn:ity ~ys:rcm.

I. Liver 6. Qu:idrJ.tus lumhorum
2. .'\d,~nal i;krnd
3. RcuaJ :trt-l"ry ll\\1$1'1¢
4. R c,u l vcm
7. Gallb1:tddcr
5. R ight kidncr 8. IJ1fc·rior \•cua c.:rv·.1
9. Ur<.-tcr

293

• A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory 5

R cn:il :i1·tCl)' 26
7
<.A.)rtex
lvllllor 3
c:tlyx
s
fibrous
c:ipi.ulc 4

Figure 9.99 1111: Strucmre oft he kidney, 9
IQ

Figure 9.l 00 A coro11:al ;;ci::uon oi 1hc l<:fi ln<lnL-y~

I. Rt·1ul ar «-r)' 5. R.:n:11 c:a.psuk· 9. Rcual m(.-<lu!h
2 Rc:nal \~<::in
.3. Lcii tcscicnlar v<.·iu (1. Major i;::ityx HI ll¢11:\I co11c:x

i . RcnaJ pelvis

4 U~ttr S. Reoal P31>ill3

N1ppk·

Bn::i.M:

r U1c rit'.I.:'
St•mjnaJ
\'csidl'.' {Uh("

Ductus {v,1!>) V:igin:i
d t.fcri:ns

PTOSr:l t(.'.

Uret lu·a.
Te.,,~

Scnnum
Pcm$

Figure 9.101 The o rgans of the tnale r,:pmduawc syucm.. figure 9.102 The o rg:uu, of the fo-11ule rcproducti\tc s.ystl"IU.

294

£j.acufato1•y ,inc:r •Human B10!0©1

- - +- - -I)uc tu, ('-'~!:) Gl:ms p('nis P.:impi 11ifo rm
\'(::)l Om plcxi,i.
dcll-rtn!: Testicu.b:ir :in cry
Epididymll-- ~ ~- - - - - - -7
Tuu.i<:;i
v-agiu:ahs
T u mcA
;ilbuginc;1
Sm1.iuifcruus
rubu!l"S

Tcsos Scrotu1n ~ - - - 8xtcrna1 11n>tlu-:tl
<mficc

Figure 9,103 T he structm..:- ofth.: mah: gcnitalfa.

2

3. Mcdi:1.,;umu11
-1. Scn, ioi(erou ~1ubules

2

s

3 7

Fig ure 9.104 .~ l-e1tis anJ :mo~iati:d scrucn,n."S. (,

Figure 9.106 The: m ucnm.•oftbi:ov:1.ry.

1. Bod)• ofcpidid ymjs 5. Spcrm.uic fasc ia 1. Corou.1 r:adiata 8 . Gt·nuinal <-pidu:lium
2. Se-cond:)ry oocyte
2. T;iil of 1.•pididymi.s b. HC":i.d of cpi<lidpms 3. On1lation 9. l't 1m~ry fo lhcl<'~<-
10. Ovarian w:-.i.1.-L-.
3. Gubcrn:.11cuJ11m i. TL-s.tis 4. follicnl.:ir fluid \\~tlun ano,u n
I I. Corp us alh1c:.ios
4. Spernutic c.orcl 5. Cunn dus oophorus
12. Ovanau cortex

G. Oocytl' 13. Ov:1.n:m nH."d uJb
7. J!ofl,cul:JI' c<:lh 14. Corpus lull'lUU

295

• A Photographic Atlas tor the Biology Laboratory Funbria..·

CcrYix ot --L.tblum --- E.xtcru:J
ou.nor - -
uterus
---. urc-du::tl
Utt:nnt
OpC"l.lJJ IJ;t
m,uum
Bxrern,I '-.,_ VJp_tual
Figure 9.107 ·n,c l~Xtl~r11:1.I i:.,.;:oiu li.., aod intei·,1~1 ocifu:c
l'l;'.prudm.-uw ori;ans of the- fem:Jt· n:produc·.tiw s~-,tcm. ure thral
opcnin~ [\; r i11c:-1Ull
i\Jlll\
( "litOn$

Figure 9 .108 l'he tC"malc- c-x1ern.1I gc-oi1:ili.;i (\•ulv~).

l~crC1t:1.lt\ lll:IJot mmde - - - - - 1 ,'-'-- - -...!J~,!_

Adipos,: tllSu,: - -- - --1,L.!

M,1nrnu11• gbnd:,;
Oobos)

Figure 9. 109 Thi: surface :ui:uom~• ofd1e fomalo: bn.u.1st. Nipp!< - -- -S.~

I 11<.'<.'tor3hS ,n:i.jl>r muocle 5. Nipple L.u:t1ierou~- -- --"~~

2. Axilla 6. Bn.•3sc (rnnc:Un ing m:un- duCI
Lactiforous
.). L:ih"f':'l.l 1w<1CC(..C. n( hn-.m maty gfaods)
.uupull.i
4. An:ola AJvt•Olar duct ----

R ih

Figure '1.110 hm:·rnal snucmn.· of the fr-maJ,: breast.

2

3

Figure 9.111 MJmm:uy gL1nds (m-,.1llact:uing g)and s). Figure 9.112 Mamm:1ry 1::,rbuds (l:tct.-mng gjan<ls).

I. lntcdohula.r duct 1. Lobt1k~ o( i;l-a1)duL.tr tiS'-uC
2. lutrJ1obubr crnu1c:ctiw tis.,.uc
2. h m:rlobul:tr connt"Ctivc.· c!Ssu~
3. tohulc nfgl:anch1lar nm,e 3. A<l::po",(" a ll~

296

Glossary

Abdomen: rhe pornon ofdk' o-unk ~dduaion•.1. 1110\'Cmem tow..,rJ ah'1olus:An ind1\-idu,:J illf CJ' t'SWc amu: the (CflllUlal end ofdtc
nfdu• m:1111nuliu1 hnrl)' lo.::itcd th,: ,1,Xi~ nr 1111dlin,: nf , h,. hrnly. widl in the lw1p; pu.-i1orwy dvcoli
hi.-twt•,-,1 lli._. ,h.1phr-~11 :m,I opromc ofahdumon• .a l.llQ\fflt<"nt JI'\" the N.SJ, foocuonll un.iu of p;unounestiru.l tr.tel: opcntnR oJ
rttlpir.1ti<•n;:1l'll, th f'-30,·k,,r th,t me J,nJI c uuL
iftt" pt'lv-k..wh11'."h ro1;uiru 1h,:: ,fi ,..nf., digtt u)w.trd axi<. ,lf,1 lnul,, aorta: 1l1o;> 111-i)"r \~f,!111k v~'k"l nf!fir
~'-'11= .\ to;i<.h (ck111:,l :,lvcoluj), :irtrnJ puttion ,1ftl11.' d l\.·11btory
.Jxlumm:J c:1nty .uid. ib ,·i-cer.al a cJ-enohypophy,-i:.: :mteri<w p1um:11")( ,i)..,IC1n,(f11crg1ng (,nm ;he lr(i
t.il)::ms: ouc ofdu: 1hr,._~ prin,ipaJ a dem)id: p:,in.-d lymphoid ;,trucuirl'- an,ino acid: a u ni, n r J)l"Olt'lll ,.c.,1
body rtgioiu (h-c::id. thora.,,;.3lld \~ 111n d e .
J!xluni,'fl} of111::auy .:ini1111b. iu Chi!' n:,~()j)fC'lryux: :ii~•• ('!1llcd n1m:,im :iu :1111i110 g1nup (NHU
abduction: J. lllm'ttUC1lt :l\Vl'f fh,m the aud :u1 ..1C1d ~ioup (COOH}. apical m1.•riitcm: <:u1bryom<' pJ:uu
,.-<,rn-r•te:·,d1,m,1fl. 811.lU.tiO'IC :l Jll('lllbl':lt.l C d u t su1 rouo ds
.uis or n•dfolC' olme body;o~itc the furw to oon0in lht' .llnni0<k ci!f.Ue 1ll dle up ofJ. toot. bud. or
a deuosiue rriphosphatc. (ATI•): :i Omd shom where ro11tuHW cdl .:livL<;ioos
nf.1M11roon• .- "t<•vt•mm ,,r:i dign 11u1n inc.e: m, :mnn:J 11'1:11 lu, :111 :uum,.111
chctiu.:.al rompo\md 1hM provides. dunng<"n'ltryonk dc.~IOJ"'llc:nc-; C'a\l$C j'.;J0\'-1h lll kt!b"'Ul,
lw.av (m,m thc:":t.Xl'of:a !imh. Cllt'fb'Y fu r ,·dlnbr u~ n:ptil~ bml-1,,nxl m:nmu.J, apoc.rine gland: .t [)'[I\' ofi,\t-:::tt
.tbioti~; w1tht'll11 ll\'llll!n,g.,a,nh,nl'; a dhesion: .1n :inunion bc1.w«n :Mn~ba: pru1u,:,t):u~ d1:11 mil\\.' by
~uxi du.t fo,11.~1:m.1" m c\'JPIJl':ltl\'C
nnnJ;1;1ng11011ion~ nf1hr- 11JW1k:<'$Ul~13n,:es., inc::ti:1.r ofpscudopodi:i.
aa.n~UarthrOSU: ::t sltp;ht!>' IUO\'\'::tbk C(Xlllll!(,
.:1iv1rot1o1n,,1L a Jipo..:<': fat., 11r f.ia --cr1111:iim11g, <m·h :,..
jotnr su ::1 fo1).'riou.tl d1'lulk::1uou apot.1yk:op,mmg nf the rat~ul ,·--11"1,11
abSCUsion: tho: ~h,.'ddu1s oflc:'ll.-o. .uhposo.> l~-'Uo.'.
IJ~Vl'n, fruits. <• utb-.:r pbu t pi.uh. 11dn'l111I gfand11: t>u ,lunmi• glirnl.c_ unc ofJoUltl\, intn the- 1,pung11,:od of,pungei.
uc<u:i.Dy !htlo\\"lug die forrn!'ltiou of a,u.M:)robk rcspicacfon: mernboli:wig a p _ p t a . k m e n t~,uLm:isM<11 1h r l1.~no r.
.tn ;lruduion a,ll('. :.up ~·ri,)r t<> e!'lch 1:-iJ u<)'; :ibu t'llll-.;l
,,n.l gmv.i11g in d"lr .1bi<ru:c- ni UAJa.1~, 1ohcltii~ :in 1:1xi to
.ib.sor-p rion: mo-.\':111cnt of., Stibs:1;i1l('.<' !Upl,l!l't!JJ ,t?{,mtb. oxygen. .1ign~-siou.
1mo.1 rd!,... .m nr~mi<.111, nr rhn::>1.igh analog"l)m•: ~ n1il.1r III f1111o.·1mn app,eud.ix: a. ~ort pouch dut :ai:ochcs
.1;.surfxC' within ~n or~uwm. a dvenritious rooc Supportr.\' root to tb,... C::ICCUnt.
dc\"'lnrmi from th<- .m•m oi); pb.nl ~g:utllOII 11fdM1cbp111~n1:1.I o rigin: aqucou_s hwnor. the YRfff)' lh11d
;icap nb-:1 dn..~,1-.co m w.x;u.J :nnoimc £tCOC'r:ilr iu n.-fercn<i: ru ~ uubr 1h:1t ii.U\ tho;> anc~nr:.ml JX"il~rinr
nf C.01 ~n 1hdilu,xl. aerobk: reqwrlll~ h~.- 0 1 fro r growrh ad.1prntio1u. c.h-,,nb<"l"S of1he C')'C-,
.uul m1'bhc)l11.m :&o. m ti1l· c :l-'<' uf an::ttom.ical position: <.he p4S1t1011 u l ar:1chnnird· the, v..-,:blikr mid11!t'
aeootnmodat iou: .a ch.'Ult,..._. I.O the <:~ 11 b,:,,t'.tt'ru ~ho ,·:illcd .-,n,~ hunun .inatomy in whidl th,"n: u
311 c-r«t bod}' sunc<" wnh d)c ~~ i:(:,,·t'nng (mc ulnx) .:,(1111: ,cmr.d
lihlpc-ot thi: k:usof'd1c ~<c so dw aggluti u11tiuu: dumping; u f n •Jl'i;
\ofi!OU U IUOirc ::.~~111,·: t<>Cmulg fol' µ1tri,._tlbr n.·!~·rt11Cc to r.:-d b luU1.I dirmtrt fnrn'ilrd1fhc: <)ltlti JI thc- lll't"VO-t~ ~ystcm.

',--.UtO\lS 1.li~\CC'S. ~c-Jl., in an iln0~'1l-::tmibody s.ides. m d the p.llms oftb:- h.i.nds arbor vitae: the br.uidlini:.
n't11:cion. (J("u1g N'lrnan:I :'lrt;\~C1ncnt ofwhitc 1n:,ucrwidml
-acetone: ;lll or~nic ..-ompound tbJt aAAtt~llte• fru.ic: rtpeth:d 0\'2f!CS fron1 11111:ltomy: t ~ hr.mdi 11f~it>m·~ dt\· ccrtl>dhun.
,1 su1gk dower ,vitb se"'n.ll sepmtt: (:(mccn'k'.~l ·wnh dh• 1'lf1l<'tlln" of
m;ry ht' prc-;ru in 1ht urmc of <he body:111d d\;.: t\~btions.b!p of,a arcllllcbactcria: ori;;.ml.<aus widuu d1c-
carpd t. kingdom Mon('ta dt,11 rc-pre-<m J.111
1li.1h.-111•.:.\;:,ho , .die.I ~,,,.,,v btoifr agg l"C.\.""011: prtv.:olin g. iiiImm.-crmg O~IS. t':11'~' gmup of1111ipl.- life" km u.._
acetylc:h<1linc: :i •>cul'Olr.lll'!<-1111Uer
l>di.avtor angiosperut. i!o\w1·1.i,~ t,\blit. lu\•Uli:;, archrgQ-nium : fct11.Je ri:-pnxlll(tive
dlt'1mc::·cl i.ei:ft'lc"tl :11 tf11.• lMTimtll a lga (pl. 11lgae): :11'1)' ofa di....~n..- double fcmlfa.mon ~tin~ in
dc-.·dopmntt ofSJ)<'culizcd sec-& lll'!!fUI iu t'l!ft :nu fK>U\t>c<l plai111':
cud!> (>f111::tll)' llcumitt<; n.-:.<p<'lOSi!ic grvup of::tq1l.tcie pb(lt·osyuthl·.s12m~ w eih in li-url't,
k)lf po-nyn:i1mc t1':ll.\Slni~io n• .tho 0~1msnli dtu m etthi:r u11i1<cUuLu :'I i,;.:uuct:mgium wli, r.: c ~ :'11\':
c;illed /'101. or inulocclJufar: Jfi:;3e compri:.c tht- 1.11m1.1~ : a llO\'\'Cflng pbm du1 produc-c,L
aceeylc.holiue-.ste-rase.: :'..Ut enzyme th:at phytopbnkion and sc:iwtcd. ofd1c c,1mpl<te-- i~ t"'n nR" lili- cp ·k m :, archc.utcrcm: dh:: princip:1I e,..wity
brc-J.b down JCc<yk:holine: 3.lso Emb.
alkalin(l; a su~1,cc, h.wu1g, a pl 1 ,-i11t4c }'-'!11 o r ~ 1uwmg ~e;r;.uu . o(11l embryo di.tnng: !h~.i:t3Sttub
CJ!kt1 AG11ll gn.-:11.:rch:,n 7.ll; (1<1t,r saif. lmcd \\ith m doo.ienu. the
Ac,:hill~i.- tcndon·\ot(' i,•11J,1 mlru,v,:;.s, ~namoi~: 11!1 cxtrJ.embryomr am1.ua J ring: jX!.trl}·gio..,,•tb .ird,cmc-1011 Jc,.•dors n1to the
-1cid· ,1 substJJK'C dun rdea~ h),·dt ~ mo:1nhn.n111,i ~:,,:- 1hm fon~ hl(J('>tl d~m:en::.itmu 111 \\~Hx.'y pbu b di.ge,a,1vc tn,i
<:dhc :u 11:I gi\"-'lo ri_;,;_, m die r,._-t:J formed h)• builiup ufSl-<:Ond.try areo la : !he ptgmcncc,..'i ri~ .uo und t he
i(llm (H~) in .i mlut,nn umbil1e::tl J.rt~rll"l J.nd Vl~.m: It .1l10 rn ppk
:iddu:IU: :, dis,i«kr ofhody ...h!!tujury .xykm. arte.rib: bluod u.,.._,~k duu c:,rry bl,i..xl
conmbm~-s to the !Ormaoon ot the annulu~.1 rinpjlkt' sc~mc-1)1..such .1~
tn ....tud, die :i.lk.llinc sub$1an..x-1 of nri:n:ity bbddtr. :tway from tile hl':U"l.
allele: u1 1kcrn1th'<.· form o(:i i:.enc l-ody rmgi 011 ;1,11 eJnhwor1n articu.1,u· uirtilage!: a lcpJuw
the blood~ reduced in ::tu :uno~ occurrmg ,u .1 gi\.·<'11 chmma;om.- antebr&cbhun: the lor:-arm.
bdow norm.U. s•t<", o r lon11, l~tibgi11om Co\'i'mliov,.':f the
acc,.elowar« w11h\'>Ut 1 codom1<' aU-or-0000 respooS(I: funcnonin~ a nte'\nna; a $.CflSory ;lppcr1dJgc QII ;ll'lkullffol,.Wtul't ot bon:-s o i
CJ\'i(}t ,\$ 1ll fl.1tWJfU~. complece~• when c,cpo<.cd to a
nuny \~1'1~-. ol m\"l:•rtd,r.u,· .a.111111:1b. S)1l0.1JJ jOUta.
:IC()U$ttC: rd('rrmg t() ~llll~ (If tf1~ ,umu!m u{ll~l111h1 ,m.,ugth ; ant~rfor {,;Clllr.tl):to\\.lrd d .,..: fn im:
k n ')e ufh~ariu~. a~c;mcling ~on·t he pnrnnn r,fd,c
~lpliC.i to :,~"1i<>u J-'()ll"Jlti:'11~ the OJ)pm.iti: oi postmor (don::tl}. I ~ imesune bm,~n the caecum
-1i;ri11· a J)IOt<"ut m nm~IC' lihc-l'l (n.;11 t bto u;:;h neu1on.s uui JU\tl('!c libc, anther: die Jl<X-.itio11 ofa pl:im .st:uncn ,,nd 11,e hcp,ni<.: (righc ,;oh,·) HeX\irc
tt.,gt>tlwrw,th 1U)':lll.i11 i, ra.p1111.ithlc
C, lntl"~ l1t01L Ill wh1cb p<,lkn rs produced. ai.c.1n11ll: l,µ:•kmg; 111-.rim·t ~o.'xu:il u~:nl"I
!(),r t'<x !tr.accion. antheridhuu: nulc- rcprodu,._~uw 0!"Jl;U.1 tind l>ek1ng d, e :ibJlity lo pruduice
alpha helix: n~ht-luB..1ed ~pir::d
aetiou poroo.tial: dH: ch.11:ii:;o: tn t)'pK::tl in proteins and L>NA. m c:«tJJll lll)11Secd p brus Md alg.1e p;im..-!<'"l.
lOOK cturlt(' prop.ig:,ucJ. .llong lhe w lw1e monle sperm .a.tt produced.
membr:mc of.l 1l~-uron:d1c 111.'H't' ~,ltcru<Ui<m of glln(lrarions; cwo- anrioodon. thrtic (".1 m plc-1.'') as-ter: mimU<! r.iyi. ofuii,"Ntubulcs !'It
impol.rc_ rh.i,.c:11Iii(' cydc ..-h:11r1<"1"1,ci,- the end;: afche spindle- :ipp;11,;arus ill
ofmany pl.nf'( in w!u..-h th.'n- 11udt"C1Ud~ sc:1111r1K'I! m .mmu) cell.~ dwillit o:cl W\-is1on.
-1c tl\C·e rr,1,nsport: Jn\''J',"('tnMt of.i .u-.._.. \P''R'Jlh}""-"' ., rn.l ~11u-wphy1i: ft'.111.'ft.'r RNA d l'.ll p:·,in w 1d1 3
"1111l~1re mu, or 11111 nfa n-11limn aiyuunctry: notS)1tllllctrk..il.
g~n~·r.u1011$. comp!tmc1ll:'ll)' c<i<lon (triplet) ut atone. thesttullCJt 1.um of1111 demc-m
~ lcsM-r ro J gre-iter\~ono:cmraoon. altruism: b.:h::t\'!Ot bcnditiog od1o'.t- U\l'w.!'1~·r RNA.
n:.:punng :i .::1nwr mnl.,..,~u1~ :,rnl a:ntigert: .l fordSJ) IIU(Ctl!'ll. uswlly ::t cb;IJ. CJP C:USI .\ilhl soil ha'-'!'
t>rtf11t1Htt1 wu li,, ul n.-g.ud to tb pron.·rn. dut tnP{;:CN the- bnmm1c-
1:..:1>e11,bu.11~ ufl'1\lergy. systc:m ro, produre anubod:-es. tht' pmrem,-.; oftl1.- ,•lc:111,:,11;
ada.pca.1ion: /J:tuetur.il, p hy:<tol~l--.d. ()If por61bk :i.,;lv1nu~ or 1.ktrimcnt:d .:oll:.·l'tlw]y. !'lhn11\ 1(:,rm 111(lll't'ul!:.'o
cdoct on d1e pcrloml«. u, 2,·ompound.
bcluvior.tl U':'IJL< ol .1.n O~lllUm tb.u ;ttOrnie uumbcr: fiit• ,wi~Jt bfthe
promote ITT i.tltVi V~ 10d conuibutc ::iwfu or :1 p::ircculu d1.'1Ul'ill.
to in :ibtluy to ttpt0duce u11d~..r
mv.iroJ11nmc-J) coud1tions..

297

• A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory centrosome: 3 dc-nS<· body flC;l!' tile
a to•ni<. w<iighr the number of bil.-1.c.r.il syn-tmc:ltryi th..- morpholo:.;k bunock: the rump ortbhy m:l.U on uudcu~ ,)f:l. l"'cll th:,t eout:c.1b ;1p:llr
prQ1oct1; togcth-r wil h 1h.- rn1111!1er e<mditiun ofl1:1vm g .inIIb r Oglu Joll(I d1c pos~rior 3Sp('O:t oldie IM,'t'r
c>f11:-u1ru1~ w~tlun the 11u.:-le11-1 ,'tf lcfr lulvn. oJ'ccmrloks.
J.n :n\.lm. trunk. fom1t1.i pmn.m.ly try the ('t-pbalot horax:liMIOll ofthe hcJd i nd
biri:ary 6.,;.\ion· ~ p•o = ,'ti <~·m:il gh11:~:,l mu..cl...,,,
ATP (a.lcnOii n<'! tr-ip h o,iphatc): !'I rcpmdul-ti<lu th:,t <k>t.1 110! nm,lw :a 1hor.:ioc region.$:lil:ir,tnl't'J:Snc: of
t'(1t11pou1ld af:i,k mnl.'. riba.t·. :mrl c:acc:um· d ,c pi, urh ~lik.:: pottHwt nf t hr
llt.itodl ~ iudlc l:irgc- i1Ul>;;linr.: w wl,id1 the ileum uf ri;-n:iin .u-Jm1potl~
thr« pbosphat(";(: It Ii the c-ncr~ bu1on,lal n on1c-ucbtu rc-: .wig1n11l'1lt dH: sm:JJ intcstl1iC b :l(t.lChcd.
g,')Ul'CC foc rnon «-llubr pt\XC'SSl'$. c;.crc1uia: lm'J c-fn a tWCOOc!. (tluffl) .
of t\\\>n;uu~ h ) an org:1nism, 1h..- <:aforic: dw licit' n.,quir,..•d co rai(o." c:crcbcUu m ; tli:- purtion ,lf,l,t- llr:,in
.itri mw "1th1T cir1he rw" ,l1pc-nnr titst ofwhidl is die )'.$11~ lnd d;c ooc kilos,•.1.m ofw.acero,1" dc,grco:
t<m.-crn,>,I with !he 1".".<)UnlinHl,111 of
ch.1mbeu ofthe h::an rh,lt l\"Cd\'(' k'Cood th<" $p('Crtic cpidtcc t~d1<"r ccntii:;i':Uk.
~y,nnn,; bln,:,,1 •'Tlll'>rit11nng d,r ~cir ntiJi, rum{' calyx: a rujHh,;p..-d p-oroon ,.,(chc lllO\'l:nte1HS 21ld ,:(Jlnlibr-iulll.
biom0: ii ffl,lJOr d,m:rx coummni y ttrebrmpituJ fluid (CSF)::. liqu.i,I
aLT011hy : \\:11¢111~ :i,or.,y or <~•·re:l•< m ,·h;in,1c,,,:,erl by .1 p.vrkul ,r gn,1•r n-n:il p..-h~ d1;ait cndrd~ «'fl.ii
~a.•of:iccU urorpn. ,,fpb11"':uul 111m1:,k papil.\c; 1hc collt'CO'-"e term for dk' thn: bllo)'\ .AJ)d c~hions the .:-cnt nl

a u ditory rnbe: l n.lflUW C'lnal th:u biospb e-r~: th~ poruon ord~ Eln.h'i \('p:1!, of:, il('O\,~r ncn.oos systi.'ln.
<:(i.fuhxi:< di e middle cu ch:unti.:r 3anosplv:rc 10J s,,uf3.:e wb~~n: liVU'lA c:ic:rcbrum: rite lct~r portion ofdlc
co the pluryn.,c: lbo- calkd t~ c:a1:nbiunc ttl~ ~ uf mc mce m::iti(.
Cl~nh nd, e'l,,'~ . ca.uc III toou ::ind wc1111> ofouuy hl'<'in; et)Hlp<:.Sc-d nfthe nghr :i.n,1 l•f,
(lbf~fli.i11 (dlla/. \'l.'>Cubrpbn u ili::st continue$ to hctuispher<"S.
biotic: pcrt11llfo~ to :1.i,ptru ofJlt~--. produN cit.uc. n:rvil;,.il: prrt1irung m rflC' ned: nr :,
'illl«lth>mk. ncrw.:>tu system (ANS)· esp('('uUy to chmc«'fh (J(s. of necl:.bla- purll,)n of:m Ofl(,lrl.
self-gov~·miui;. divis..ion oftbt canceUou~ boue: spoil!;)' bone: bone cllcl ipl--d.t: &unt p.Ur (i,{piu.".Cr-lil«.·
nm'Ous syst~m 1h:it comrol~ ( ' ( ~ { l ; 'l nS.. nssuc \\11h .1 Lmkclkt suucrun-. le~ in most d~-cap()d crustue:uu:
111\'nlunt:uy .,niviti~ a~e,I fo, S.Ct.ti1t8 .u1J .:tlJ~hUlfV
bise.xu~J Oowtr: 3 tlO\,t':r du, .:--om..ins capill..lry:~ 01Kf1.lK op1c h~od ,'\'S.'<'l cbit iu: stl'OOJ:;, lfl•x:ibfc poly$3t:du rid,:
a u lol!O.m e : a <l1 ru11l,~)111e dttu.-r 111:111 a l""th m.11:: and fom:i)(.' M"":W:i.l d:iJ( co11U«"ti .ii; ancrKlk 1111d 1 focnun~ the e:x06.kd«ou of
vct1Ule; th<- fimction,;l tmit ,11:·ihc .mhYOpo<ls.,
!.('.X .bromo,omc. \ tll l ('nlrt'\ d1loropll)il: grcefl l)igmtnt IU
imlOltOph: .1n u~mi~h c:ipil.• ,ircullrnry ,y,tt·m plmtos.yitth~iz.-ir1g Ol\?-tll'l.n ~ du ,
blade: th i: lmiud cxp:,mk'<l plirrn>n of .1li,;c,rh~ t'ncigr tR;,1111 1h.-. ~1m,
ofsynd1e.i2111g il'< own o~nk :I k:ii. c;.11r.1pac..~:pn>k·Ctiw ..-:1.1wr111g ll'\<t.T the ehlon>p,la;r;c • llll"1Ubr.111t-l•oclo"i:d
molcntks (toed) uom ino~ic dors.tJ pin oftho: Ix,.;!,>• ofcc1tllll OfS~le Uc dl3t ('()l)t'lj(~ dili.)t\lf>IWD
mol<'ctJcs, bla;tocc,.-J: d1(·. t'i\'ily of :1uy hb,¢tJ:a. cn1st:.H'l.':1rli ,uid tttrdl.,.,
a.xilJa· 1'1c ,1,.-(l'JM!cd hnU,·,w mKkr 1hr :md ~ tli.: i.,k ofpll()C.O.p1c1:(.'.,t.'.
..1.rm: d1e• ,1rmpiL blanula: stlt,.."'t' oi embc}<Oni • carcino~uic: stinml::inng or Cl\Wu~
;ixilJ:uy b-ud · .1 gml•pofnl:C'rl<;t~tUlflC: ,tcvdopmttn of.aoim.lb near die ~rowtb of1 m:ab~ 1.tm tumor. cboanae: the two pos1C'tior op~nu)_p
<:en~ at lhcj unt·tion uf.a l~f.aud the- cud 04.·dt.JY,lf?: but bcto~ Of c;an,:er. I.mm cbe n.-wl c.1,uy mto thc-
SlC1n 1.h:it <kwlOJ);' hr:u-.c:ht.-s or g:mmbrinn
81.11.wn,; :llsu allcd laM.G I.ml. c:a.rriivor~:Jll)' :inmu l ch.K f«d s11pon n.isoplwynx.
blood: d1<' fluid conl'l('criv<' usa1c< thJt .mother:esJ)('OJ).ly. tlcsh-e:iOng
8l:On:'Ttt(, ('k}f~'-'d pn lt'& uf!l d lolu ttrol:3hp1d med in chc
ucuion (m"fVI.' cell) lh3t tr.uumil'!i 3.0 c11q1IJce< thn,uboh 1he .,-.J.rn10Y.1.:01l.u IIIJJJ111l:1l.
i )' i'klll tu u-.uupun i u 1:1S1ci111."es S)'ulhesii o fsterui,i hom)OIIC'S,
mtp1ds.c,1w;iy tiom the cc-I body. c:arpu.-.: 1tl..- pru,;mul poftiou oft he r:h1.mdroc:rtc; a ...util1gi: a;-11
din:n.~t_hout die brnt!,t h:i:uJ d 1;at .:-uutiutt. d1e CDJ,\ll lx1oc!>. d :mriuu : .111 l!X.tne111Lryuuk
bacillus (pl. ~cilli): ii rod-fl3pcd 1n,;-mbr:'lnc t h3t p:trticip:io:!S in t hi:
N(;r('rium. bolu i ::i ru,>i),,l<.'ll<!•l m:1,\ u (fuotl t h:il is c:arrying Ol(Mdty- 11,~ 1n:i:o:im11111 f<w111:1uu11 o f tlie jil:11:c n l:1..
S\\:i.UO\\t:J ih,m !hi.' or.·J i'.1.\ iry im..:, ,ru:mbcr of0 1~:itn>.1lli ofa spc.'C!Cj chorofrl! 1tw ,-.bCub:r. p1wm·m,:,d
h,u::lcria:pm kuyn•~ \l,'1tl1m 1i1c du.t cJ:n be maw.um~-d tndcfimtdy mkidl.:- Lr1-c1· ofth: w:i.Uofthe c-~~.
k:mgdum Mum'1'1.; 1.IC'kiut,: d\e the ph,uynx. 111 an ec0t<,y.«cm. chromatin:1bre;1dlikc ncrwork of
o~ :111,.IL~ " f euk:,ryodc: r..-H~ bone: J.U O~l.Q i'.Olll~'IOSCd ofsolid. DNA •nd proC<•,i~ wid1in ihe
ca.rdl:,gc; .a l}'f"C eyfC(tllll{'~W~ tl!!,llt' nodtui.
buk: 01.!h'f 11$:\U('. i.,yt..s of:, ( I\'(.' rig:1d \ (Wtn«O"-'<' ,i~u<'. iormmg .i wnh 1 solid C'l.ucc nucrix.. 4;.lm:,mc,so,,11()· ~Tucu~ 111 cl,c mi.lei.ii
e01:lilSU1)S ofcort.. cork o:-.uubtusn. ,:o mpollcnt ofdi(' .skd::tal $)'st<'ll14 IIIJII ('11111:1111;!; the• w,-ri~ fo r gt>nt"!ic
cone:x• .and pht«m.. Oo"·Tn.an 11 ~(>llUIc; SC'<'1.Jc,•1o•m1,r cat.iJyst: J. d 1cnuc:il. ~uch J.S ~n C1tZ)'nic.
" i1'1J,, ch.11 :ux:d ,"l;ll,i:c, tl1c r.,tc- ofa re,nmn C:\f'n':t>.iOI L
ln~I: Jt or oe.ar the bo.sc- or pout( of br.\i.n: llte eol,~1.•.d "llpL-'i'iOr pl1ttion ,'If
.uu chmt'flC, ·" of1 pbm titlooL 1llt:' .-,e,!ncr~ nt-rn.)lu ,, ..,...,u, k•otl!<I of:I chcmi.:-.11 1,nH' l'-' hu i) n ut ml-d ,rc:hyn 1c·1he! 111:.,1.,.... p:ut i:,Dy ,hg('Jr:1
'IP in1i1t-pnx·~.
bak!:a wbst,'lll<'.e dut COfl{ribu.C'$ m d1" lTlOOi:il c:i.v1ly ofdic dull. caudal: n'kTrins to :a p0v1:io11 w.:m_. r..,.,>iJ d,:11 p :.U.' J fu)lr, d, e s1om:ad1
flr l,bc:r:11,:s hyd1\1Ki.;I(' 1<,n<; m :i br;.\insttm .. th..- portion oflh.:- bt:un rowJ.rd the uil.
solut1(.m. cell: the 1t:mcmnl .tnd fu.nrnou:il umt uuo tho:' duod.:-m1m of tht small
a,inqs.on~ old;e mcdulh ob!oni;u·,;. ofan orgmiuu: t.be r,an..11es.t ~ru,1ut"t"
basettte-nt membr:u1c: :i. d·,iu sh..-,:t pons..and ntidbr:iin. .:-;ipablc Ol pcrtoruuni::; aU the llll<'.!rJllt'.
uf t-:O:tr.u:d lufar ~ult'bnu· tu winch bronchial rret-.t he- brondu J.nd. dtetr fo1x uons llrt'l'$S.11)' ior hf('.
dh· b:'1~l sutfu-(.~ ofn...-nt>r.1oous bu t1d u n g bronchioles. c.:c:11 wi,U· .1 rigid pmtrrm"' -.1n.1rtt•~ cilia· miooscop1;.·. h.ud,l:c pro«'$SC."$
('If:, pbn1 i:dl ~unuu nilm~ th.:! n-ll dut move• m a \\~whkc num~r
qndtd1al cell< UC ::itt.'ldlcd. bn .mchio lc: a ~m:,11 ,lm~,011 nf:1 (phmu) 111c1nbrl11c: ofto."11 co111pm(-.d on !he e-xp~d \.ltrfam ,'I(ccmm
basidia: d~h¥d n-prodt1(.'0\t': brond111~"'•11liu1 ll1e luug. <'Ii~eUuluse ti Len e ntl,,:d1.l.-.d m :1
pol}•i,:1,:-ch:l.,ldc/pro1d11 mxm:. e pithdL1I <·..-11-<
S(f!.l('tutej OI c.hlb hu~i dut brom•hut : a brailt'h oft.ht o-3eb(.'3 1hat
produce ~jdjo!f>~ dunni;.~l•x-nal lc-:,ds..t,•:a hu·~ . cellular respiration: tht r<-.lCuons oc c:ili:try bmlt : :i p<>rl1<111ofd1c d M1\1t1.l
P.h'\'.'olt"»S. Krtbs. ~-yck llfld demon l:,}'l'r (1(ttl r ~ 1i1:1t '<m!II'<. :l(Jlll'OU\
rqnodt1rti.oi1 buccal. cavity. d11.- mourh, f'lr' orJJ tr1nspon ~stem dm p1m~dc .:-cUubr hrn m.1r:aull cuu1.m11> chc cil1:uy
ha1Wphit: Jo gr.1111,br l,::11lm..y1~ 1ft:1l en«sr .tud ,1aon1p.u:rym~rcJCtiou,
(',lVJty. (ll p,r,d\X'.c ATP. nlUlCIC.
n.>-:,.:Wy it.'lins ,, id1 l,1t,,uphili.e <ly(·.
belly: tl1c Ju, l:e1c ,;irrnm fcrt"11i,:r ~:, budding; 3 type of:U('Xl.U) ,:r.Uu~e:~ pnl}'\:i(X':h.llf1dc! 1pmd11rc-tl c-iliaces:r rotozo:uts d u t 1110\.~ by
~pmducrion in w'bi.:b cm1rvuwtlu :is lil>cis) due fonm, a 11l:1j(w p.tn: ,'tf mCJ.ns. ofolu .
*d,:ti.l uut-ek from tbc puttt1 pLu• pinch off10 d1 t" ril(id ceU w~I :m"Mmd ~ pl:uu rcfl
benign: 00Muti:~1U1!(: 1 contiia-d livr- inll<'J)t't1t:fcmly (IT nuy ~main circadian rhythm :. .1 duly
:,tt:1l"ht>1I 111 form c.ulom<'S. cent ml u cr \lOtu S)"IU•m (CNS):thi: phriJOfogk.11 or bch:.v1oral C\"ent
rumOII'. bnu. ::ind dH:·1pt1l::il cord. n('.;nmn g Oil .'Ill apprmnnur('
berry: 3 umpL.- lks:hy fruit. buffi.•r: 3 .:'Ul11pom1ll rn' .u1bi,t:'llllt' dl:11 2,1 hour ..yde
bitu.nial: ;1.1,-t.uH th.1t lh.'1:1 throur,h two pn-wrus. l.u-b't" d 1:111gec m the pl-I of centron1er.:a poroon ot thc-
;, .sohtt.iuu. rhtomosomi: oo, which J. spindk- fibct <:Ueurnduet lon:.i l"OJte•hk(.•
gn:AAi ng k'..nous: geucn11)(. cht'$C 3t0Chcs Junng m1rosis or me,ostt.. 111,~ tcmt'nt o f :1 hndy p,,n,$11d,
pb11C'- l1,.1v.- wgc-t,.111\'(' gn_-,.wtl, dunn g bulb: 3 thid:.cn1.-.d mldCfltfOO!ld SIC'IU tlut d,~ dut:d cu,I nll~•r~ in :a ,,rdc•
ori:c-n end o,scd by enl.1.t~ tk-,.hy
d1l· tirncSc.•;i-;1111 \ind Ou-.H·r..ud Sd l::wei coor:uui.r.i;:i torcd !o,io.t. while t he pr.rom::il potrion rt.rn1im
~,•1I dmmg tho: :<c'l·on.l <r.uo,1, rcl3m"t'ly SQbit.
buNa'. 1 s..acl.ikc- strum11"t" Iii.led witb
!.ynovial thuddu, occurs. ~ ,n,1

y i im~

298

dimn: eotmmmify. d1c foul subk- oorJil::a.cmd:in:an dm h~ .1 c~1kh11n diastole,: th,: pordou ofd le cin1.ta(" •Glossary
,-.ubon:u.t" i.k.'ktnu wl11l'l.- l'l:'m:1i1)',, cyde during ,vhich the Vfflfricula1
wi~ in ~urc:"<.<:a('ln. ,:(11wn btwc 10 form K"cls heJrt ;;h.lrnN:r w:JI is rd.tlCCd elt'ctrotr t e: 1 sohmon th.u cooduC'I:\
dlxlnclt}' by m,·:u~ of,h:ug-.:J 1uus.
ditOTii: a ~n.lll, •·n"(:tile w uctun" m du· rork· d 1¢ prm,:,.."li\\· 11ult'r 1:1)'-"l'Ofb:ui.: diatom.1:.11111:ttir 11ni.-..-011br alg,1.-
\'Okt ofth.: frmik. o(111:11,y ln.·l'i., ....0 11•p<>'l,,_.Iofde:id elt>ctromyogram (EflltG) : 3 tco.'.oru:ini:;
,;-,.:lb trut may bi.' ..Jou,tth~>d ,)!f. ,:haracto:ri1.c:d '-'>' ~ ,:ell w:all coo1f'O'lc:d of the :1cciv1ty of:i muscle dud~
clUnl": :IM.·xu:1ll}' pr<lduu:d l.lllfl1u,. 111~ contr,1ccion.
ounn•a: th..- 1r.111.,un'.11L.cuu\-..-x, uf1w,1 ,;z))l';i. jm (»'t'g,l.ltC';I V.lh'<"I
h:r;.in~ a -couu<reut ~~ncue :w1rnor pcut.lon o f the ou ter Ll)<:r of ,ti,.e.lecuon umt ,'II· utgt1.i\'r- do>;:trid1y,
the \'era:-bute (')"C'. ,lkol: :, liml of.mg)Wf""m)
COllSl:ltllOOll. cb.u:1cto.'11~d bf tbc tn..-scne<: ofi-wo "Jcm(lnt:" .scru;;rul't' cnmposcd of
cor«:x: dt(' outer Ll)'Cf of,111 o,g.tn , uo:h nnly Olk' 'YI',. ur:.mun (e.g, orhon,
enidarian: Jnl.'lll ;iqu:1t1c org,,msms .1~ tilt" co,...,nhwr,I tt~nm1,,1&!1'('n:il cut}'ltdo1u i1, d1e ~..-.d; :,6.u ~.J!c.l l,ydn1i,:<!11, (>Xyg~}.
k r,:mg r.1cl1,,1 1iymm~ry :iu•I ,hnging ~md,or kid.ale):.
c<lk md1 n..-nUtOC)':'t~ d••NJ•foi,,t. en-1hf'}•o: a pbm o t ail ll:unul :at :in
oo~t.;il <:.irtil:1g<?·1h<- .-unhgi: 1fi:11 diffusion: movi:1nent ot mokcnks l':tf~f j l:1gt> J ,l,...\.tfopml.'nt.
cor.hlr.11: 1h,: '-J1lr:1I 1:w,rr,nn ofthe' 11m c:r c111u)C1.1.1 1hc rib,; lo th.-.~rcrmnu.
C'l.l" 1k11 <l)Ut.nl'I') d :ie $pi:r.J o~m &om Jn 3/t:a oi~...t« ronccTill'Jotion emt1ki6cation: dlc proci:i6 of
(<•~m urCort1). crauial: p,:-r-1.:11nul~ to d,c Cr.llllUUI. dlspctsi.Jl ~ OllC !Jqiud Ul .lllOtltt1.
cranial Ut'l'\'t: (lflC- ofl2 p;iiN ofJ~r\'d to .1.n ;r~:i <:1fl('~t"f oonc:.:,11{r.la(10
cocoon. ptot~-ctr..'C. or ttStini;. n:.;,."C of dibybrid cro.ss: ;1 b~cdi11g cX~'l('nmem 0nan1t'l.dlc omcr.dcruc sub;rn11cc
tto.u :n"is..• fn.)m thl• inferior surf~e uf O:Q\'C'rio~ 1he crnwn (,j".i 1001h
J (',,•fo1:a1lu:11t 11) ctrtaUl uW1.-rt.-. br.1tc in wh11:-h p:il't"ncl v:ireetlt;-$ iliffcring
the bt-J.Ul. tl l lW<I Ir.i i~ Al\" uuie,l endocwdium.: dte 6btous limn~ ohbc
.u:unu.h. aaniu m: thc bolll'S oflh,: sl,.,.\11 thu di.morph.iim: fl.\U th.,. tuk t lbru'!> hC'..lft. durnh-1'$ .ut<I v:11,·\'l>
codou: ,1 "tripkCofdutt nudcoodC$
t'"nckisc the br:1111 :aJxi ~1ppor1 rhe w1dJfo ,1.sp,.-ci-o. with teprd to sue. em:loc:hundr:il hom1: IKMle 1lu1 !Ol'm.\
m RNA 1h,11 dtnx-u the pl.iccnl<'m Oll,,IU$ ofi;igln. hcaring. ,1ud ~lee. ro lor. <>l)yln Slrnc.1ul'('. ;,ud ~o (H\. ~ hy:,lim• l";l.rtil.1t,.--c model! fml :.r.d
a°"iog o,-er: 1he cxch:ing,: nf dlpbyodont: mos.cc.;: ot'tc«h. tho:n ~ <N!Jkd.
of.m ,unmo .1cid 11110 J. ~\Ol)'l)cptidc n.•m:'..l;f'lmding dm,m.ui:d (r-g>'ltt'II~ d~~tduous:a.ud pcr1111. 11eur.
of~ ' llt ti,._ 111:ttcri:l! ofh u1n-.,logU11:-1 diploid; h;Mng two o.'.'1)•~ ofc;,ch enc.foerinc gland: a l10t1fl<ldk-
dmn chromosomes- dt,tuis symp,ld i>f dtlfcrenr cbrottlO!Olll('. f.'lll'.'I of prodtlCU~ ~nd due secrea:-s directly
c:odon1: bo,:ly 1".J.V1ty o(lng h.-s- .tnm1:1b;, homolngou~cbRunowmcs (2N) imo dle blood or body t1Wds..
Oi(•i()>.ii I. l~.i.~t:11:: M\~ from 1h.- m>dlinl! m Qngin;
cou t ,imug \1iJC.....-:1l <'~111,,. tho: <ipp<»itc ofp-roxun~. endodcrm:the innc-nnost of die th«-c
ruricft.: w.i.:dtl:c CO\lerultt oo the dominant: a ht'1'l.-dit1t\' ch:u·:tcter1,.oc prim.uy g:erm layers of:an c:mhl')o,
collar ceUt : fu~lfa-:-J.1pp0tt,ni:; cdh 111 c-p1d(•rmi! cit'nouwoody r .ltnu. to 1hat .-xpn.'rl'S rt.~lf~v~\ wl,cn d,..-
endodermb:~ pl;int riSM:tc C(lllljlOS('"d
die mu cr 1;1)-!cr ufdh:· \\.Ill uiipo:n~ Pft'\'t'nt wJ.rcr loo. h..;:n Ot)f'C i~ ll.:tC~'>OUS-. nf ,1 <i,111gl.- Ll)'t"roi.-dk 1h:i1 \ Urn,urn.l~
colon: the first porooo of d1c l:u'f.'.\.' cy.anoh,ac--teria· rlm1Mpwll('fir donuaocy:J pctiod oi suspcnd~-d :i1,,I «·~:1·t('$ d11.' pa.t,:,~ ..-L111.lt,·riili

Ul~tUlC. pr{'lbr)'Otl.'$ tnll hJ\~ dllorophyU ;icchnq• :u1d growd1. imo the v1SC1.J.u- cyluxkr of roou.
:md rdc:,~e o,·yg,:n, dots.al (postaior): pcrtuni11~ to the emlon-ll•lriun,: the imll-'f linulg ofd-r:·
coounou bi.le duct: ti nitK- th.n rs c::ytokine.Pi: J N1.\Mm uf1114" l.."elluhr
forn~1 hy 1ht" union <'If d u: h "p:ior- t:•y[(lpla-1n. b:ai.:k or postcnor portion ofa bod}• uu:nli..
dun .m. d q-suc <hm:uJm.poru bite cytology: the w.,,.,,c:t' d1;::,li11g ...,, 111th,.,. p:irr. 1hr npfl(..lO!t' ni\\'lllr:11
to ch~ ,lun.:l\"1111111 1luu~e hcli.x:.a duuhl~• \ pi.-,1.I merl tu e-ndoWll'ton: hlrdcncd, suppom.,~
Utkl)' ofcdl~ lll~ ril,t- dil~d1r-:-i:-di1nc,,,io,~tl itcpc immiaJ ll!,.\l(' ofedunodcru~ .ind
c:omp;1ct bouc: ~uly p:1~--l:e,Ib,mc cytoplasm : the ptotop!~n ofa ccU ,·('rtC"hr;ii,~
th..l: u SUJ.-<:11ll"1:J 10 $p(>I~"'}' buoc,; ufDNA.
:1IJoll ,J,tlco:I dm.~· bl,,,,. locued ooiside o(tbc m1ckus.. duc-tus dcfe,rient: 1 mbi: th:1t c:trril'S endos~~rm: :i pb,11 tt§.~u e of
cytosh.l~ton: prorci,, tib meens
comp1.1ritiott: Ul.l..'!~lt(iOll bcm\"l'!l ~rnu tozo1 lrom the cpM'.11dymt.~ to d,.-:111g)l1,,p,:T1n \<:edr. ~ n~•tT!<:nli,
llldividu31.\ o:I the s.1mc oc du1Cn•m t:hroughou1 t he cyropl.1Sm of<t'ft.tin dlo: ej1cnl11ory <iu,t::a.lso c.lllcd dlt"
qK"ciC$ fo r :a ,mnu.d)}• ne('dl;;uy cd1'1- 1h.n ht"lp m.;. in(:)in di( cell sh.:ipe mJ d.jm,.( or.~,•111ii1J dJort, emlutheUum : the Uytt uf ~p1ll1dul
m ,'l\inx-. duo de.nwn: the-: hr.st porlilon ofthe ti~l(' d ut form'! t h1: dw l it!.ll('rltlllll~
dcdJuuus: plm,u that S.C:U()(1a!l): :died .1nu.l llllt'$tJIJ~. ur"hl,wd \'C$loeb .o11ul hl':m d 1:11ul:i..-1"$.-
comple-t c BoW\':t: :a flower dut W dieirlt;:1\'t':.<. 1lur;1 nl;Ucr: , he orn,"ft1101o1 me:1u11x
(n\1t whor:I\ ofi:Jor.J oompnncrlt~ w wrm g du.· ~·,: 111r:J 111.'TVl)u i i1rtri:,rt. e-n2)•me.11 proti.-iu eilrst th.u :icti~:ita.
d.cmkit~:l. lll.'rw cdl procl~ th:u :I .spcdfio.'. t'C.lCUOtl.
mdu dmg \c'pal"", pct;ih, ..r.ziucn,;, :11111 u-.1.usmia impub.."'S <ow.ml a ncuroo l"OCTine gland: a ~\\'\~J.l ~ld tlul
, . .u p d s . ;;cll bo~ functions in body cooling. eosfo(ll>hib type ofwhm• Nood , di
c:ompmmd eye: ;inl,ro110,I ryo:: th.n h«om~ .,c;iitl('d bv :1o d1C <:~n
,.-_•d ns;;i)lillS uf111uhipll' !Cnft."). denitrif)ing b act eria: ~in~-ccUubr ecology: tht mtd)' or !he rc.bti0tulup
o~nu dut coowtt mmue to or·org.uu!Jns ~id the phy$SCJI dye,constinu~ ;1bom 214--i'¼ ofthe
compound leaf! 1 lc:ifbbd.: d!v1d~ a1011oi•phcric QJtrop,cn, m·u o1ull('I)'{ and d1~:.r iml-r.cnons..
mto disti1tt1 lt'".ulcu . h\,m.'IJ:• wlmc bt(l(ld c--dk.
clcntin: 1l1o;" pnrn111.:il 11.1l1<Jan(<' Q!:1 eoosyst"m· :i btolOGJcd comnmnity epic:;m.llum.: di.- thiu,outn hy~ ni
condyle:,1 f\.·,uodcd pnx,cn:at the ,,ntl i~ ~ in,·1:11cs-l :1b1<11i<:
end I,)( :i long bone dm fom~ :an tood1 (:ll\U'l.'o:I ti,·eu:,md U\Yf d 1l• d,c l1e.u-r. :1\.u (·1111.'J 1.hc 1iJ1M,,I
arocubtion l'tl',Ul.ltll lll't'lt
crown ::u1J by i:c 1no.'lllU1tl (11) thL- n)OL J!ttir.tr.!1J11n
c;onillia· ff'C)rt"S pmdur,il hy ;imgi W'rm.h: 1l1c- :-1.'(tmJ,Of ,l.:..:p.~T ,g- eaodcrm:thc <xncn11os1<lfthc t h1'ct
,luru~ :li1,..'.'<U.i.i n1wo duc·. tiui:L prmi;;ry ,~nbcyoni..- ~rm l;l)vr,;. epicoryl: p:irt oft!\!: pl1n1 cmhryu du1
sl:iu bcn,:,alh till' <vidcrmis. C'Olltributcs to i tem dewlopmc-m.
conifer:1 c,1nc•bc.1m1t: ,vooJy ~ed deSttndiug colon: the ~egmcm of the tdemacan c,r,.'tl,i\',: 1ncnlioo o!Oukl
pb ut, 1,utl1 • pn1i;6r.:a11d <pn1..-e t1pideriuis: the outermost h)'fl ot
lar~ incestinc th.u descend\ on the iii the bod~• tmUCS.
coujugaticm: $c:,'WI union i.o which kd i.idc from the lc\'CI Of.' the spleen etfector:.ln org.111 MKh as :'I s.!;1Ud the s.km. comroscJ olsi:ndtic-J
the nuck:ar m.uerW oi one ceJJ 10 lhe t::,'Cl of1hc H1 ihac l"TCS(. s..1wmous e pithdium: also t"he- outer
or nwdc dut ~p,:inm h ) motor p.1rr <"fp l:an ~.
emc:n lllOlh..,.,.. detri b15· nnn.vmg org;utk nun« .11:1mul:auon. cipidid)•m k :i rQilto:I 111bl" l<~ :11,;'(I ;,lo ng
con.nectiwi tinue: one ot d1e- tour unp,;,rt:,m ,n d11.• 11rnrie111 ,-yde m ~f'ft:l'('nt co,1,:eymt-t ;iw:,y from 1he tit,._. po$C1.-nur li..&:r of tht• h.-sn.;.
,oil lomution.. rl'llh~roi:m ~ ur M:nwtm~
009c li(suc iypes widl.in au amm,115 ejac,Jation:thc duch:11~ t)fil.,IMl nor'l.'.l:1p<'t'Ol!'IIOU.U l 1l d , ludU~'(!i
l".')dy; n Ii .a bmd.ing .uid ~ipp()fO\-e Jfap.hmgm: :, !'Lu dume of~kd«.J &um lhc 111:ile uwJ u:, during d im.a. tlwm d uMui l.'J~CUl.itiau.
liut!>dc- ::md O:lll:ll(.•~tl.W l1.mJc dl:tt tlt'1..'lr(l('fln:U og,-m1 (ECG ur EKG): e-pidu.ral Sf)Q!lct": J. ~ai:c b,.•twecu d\c
tl\\lW \\'llh :1hu1ul:m1 m:nnx. ~p:ir.-i.~ the thor.t('ic and :abo.lominal :1 «·o:ordi11;,l ofthe doo-t'll-ai :aco,;icy
u v-,cics m numn1.1ls. spm:.1 dur1nua:-r and th~· bone 01
consumer. an ••flf,·,11i1o1 n thll! &:r1Vi.-s th:it xoomp.t111es d1c carduc cydc. the ,'tnebr.1J c.uul
mn'rll!':llh by fi•t'l:lmg upon :unlll!Cl' diaphysis: d>.e b,'Xfy.or sb:Jt. of.l Joi~ elt>cnot-ncepbalogram (EEG): :I t'pigkmis: .1 uttil~nous bfljk,:
bone. stTUCnn-c ~ u10f1ed 011 top ofd;c
contro k .o1 s:u,1pl:- 1n :t11l'Xp1:null'1ll rcoordina:;.ofthc brain \\'.l\.~ parern. l,t'}11X 1h.1i ' "wi:r.( ell!' gl«11s ,lunug
tltu- und1~.t),.,"O~ :lll t he >teP5 in the dfarthro,i~:.i frt-dy mo,'J.bJc~.1int in ;l
exp~-r1111eut ('XCC-pt lh(' 0 11(' b c mg funruun.d rl~ific:,111111 o(join" ~w:,llo1,vmg.
UW'C'3ti f;;'.ltCd.
epint~iue: :1 hormun~ )<.<t'n'tCd
com--ergl'11t evolution: t he- l"\'Oluuon lfum d,e adre11:1I medu!b remluu~
of.su1ulJI $lTLICtures in chlfc:n-nr
gn,i,ps ofOl)?lll'lm ~ ('Xpu't'(l 1,;> u l :ictiuu/1 :emahrtu d\(bt:' fn•u
,11,ul:a t'UYiro,unl.'slfi.. symp:1thcti.c 1tc1",,'l.'ltu 1}'Sll.'1U
stimul:aaon: also c.dkd old1111~i11,•

299

• A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory
c.P'physc,W plater. J c~u11hgmol1S byn fMci«1lui:;, bundle o(m uscle or ne,\~ gallbladder. .i pouch-1:.kc OrJ):111 gonad: :i 1\"p:oducti"'-" uri::.in.. tc,;m or
iih..--n. .ttt.ll:h..-d ro the interior side ofthe u\".tr~ dui pn>dtl!'et ~nctci :tlld.u·x
hc.11~! hl't""°.-n ct,,. .-_piph)·•i< ,111,! lw-:-r rh.tc srorcs :,nd co,xenU"Jtes bil('.
foce": W.'l:<-te m;,t,m :il cxpdlt"~1fiom ho r m o nes.
dapliym ,,l:1 bng lx)ni: th:u fono;tl(ll~ d~ t?-.:iromll'!\luul urt rluring g:,mct~: ;a l1:,rl~1i,I ';t'X c~n.\pl'nn (...- i:gg gramuu: ,1 "sud::-· ofnk'mhr.mc
.1cd-..-c:1t1o u, <'umpo;.-tl offood gametophyte.: ,he- h;iploi(Lg.1mc:te-
111 kiognud!11'11 b()fi,: ttiw •tb. fbuc11ed di!-b "'!:thin 1he dM(lror lm
cptphyilill: Lf,._, l'1id .i....gi:11c u l of:, loug reuduc. b:in~ri.i. i1ld ~r.:-ti-on.,: .Lko 1in:wlun ng g<'n..-ration m th.- lili-
oll..:J ,-tt,,·f. cyde <>f:i pbnL 1h-,11q inr.1111 d,lumrhyll
bone. d:.nuu c lll C':U'I;· bf,;- but lltcr fettilization: d,~ fu.uou ,ift\~O lup,btd g.attuna gtobuli.n!: p1\)(<'t.n subsUl'ICC'S
d i .it :11.1 :.., ,1.11tibudil-,., uti.l'U 1(,uu J 111 gray 1m1uer:- 1b..- poruon r.fi_he l:'t"mnl
bcconung p,m 0 1 lhC' W~ bone. ~mt to.' r,ucki to form .1 diploid 1u·nU1t\ ~}"h"ll1 tlu1 i'I n"llllll<.~t"•.I n f
t piphyte: aonp:ir~inc pbnLsueh "' lffUlU\llt: scruu1.,.
zyg:O(c nuclcu.s. m~1lun.cli1l1tell 11et\.\mt 1.1.«1c-.
f'lrd-.i,.I .md Sp:rniili mq,.,;,cNcgru..,, fotus: 1ht- unbnrn (IIT11f''"S during 1lk- ga11gliou::iu .a~1t,:;;uion 01 ncrv-:- ccU grazer:11um:il d)!'lt !<"eds on k,w-
bcx.iics ootsi<k d1t" cc-mr,1) nm'Ous
Oil the s.url'.lCC' ofodl('r pll,m. la<;1 ~t:igc ofpl't'n.tt.1) dc-\-clopment. ~nl'\\'i11~ w ~•t:i1M.111,.-1ud1:,s gr:,.~~-
fihr(1011 rotlf:,1n inct'R·wming m:I!, ,, 1 \Ylrt-11) growd, ring: 2 gr<,wdl Llytr of
c(lttheli.il tis;mc:; on ( nflht" f<mr Mk
O.t•u•• typi:,.; 1.he 1ype 11fti.'ilu<': tli:u l'O(lb. ,.,f:,ho ut C(1'1:1I Ux~ gas-U-Oit1testina.l (GJ) trac,:thc- s«ond:lf'Y xylem (wood} or
c,,.vn (>t liu,·l till c.-.:po11::·d bo:fy GJ::.men1: :i l.:,ng ch:',io ofCl'b. u.:d>l1br pmtlOII ofrhc: d,ge,;u,-c l«ondJ1y phhnu in g)mm:,srcrms
fiJ1ei-r feede r. ,Ut ;U'.ulul that obuulS ~yttt>111 111:,1 md u,l.->1 Ilic :o.tom.u:'1
su1f1o.-n. n r :111g10,p('flll">,
t.rcc1.ion: :, l\.."1X'>1i.~ w~ttun 20 o:iri'Ut. food br scr,unmg i.t frum the w:ittr. :11.1J t h.: sm.1.Ui1'1t3 Luse snt~«iri.S. guard ceU:w cp1d«111Jlcdl todte
filtration:!ht"~ o(:. bquid ~enei-:pan Of !he DNA molccuk
such ~ t h.' J.'<'.IUS. whcu it becomes jld,: of :1r..i.f,111111:1d~ ltdtlS IO
IW');Jd ;u.1d C'l'e(t .'IS opposed to bcm~ through ,1 ii.lt('r Of ~ mcmbr.me. luo..":ltcJ in .i ddi11.111•. pb:titk nl <m :i
ll.-,c(id. funbri.ae : frm!J'.'•likc- ..-xie1~1ons ffl'lm CCtUJ!l c hA) tn~ me llld oodini,::; tbr 1'()1iuul LI,.- 'I.om:. ur.c.
trydirocytern rtd blood ccll.
eM1phagu.s~.a tubul.1r orgm ofdi~ the bordm oftl1(' opm end ofth..- J spt'a6c product. gut: ~rt:l:.mn~ tu t b t iutcniue.;
g;1•nnmw«lfl:,l 1uct thu 1,-:,,lc from uterinc uib.- gene pool: th<-' tn1al of;di th<.' gc:n('ll of $l'f!Cr.l!ly 1 dC'\-~lopmcm:il. tmn.

th..- ph:iryu:c tu 1.hc i.10111:,....h. r~11ure: :1gm,w~or 1umw1.Jdi ,f,:11 tb" indr..1dulls in .a popull6on. gymnosperm : :1V):'li:ub1M'~-d-
e.stro,ge11: fcmik S<.'.li: hOMIIOflc S.C,:f1.'tCd g(lneri<- d.rift: ("\,-olun9n 1)}· chJ11cc
~(~p:,r.Jtci two put:1 ('i.' :1:-1()fl_CltL pt0d1icing pl.uu: dut docs not
from the ov.'lri:11, (C.1:1:,iu.n) follicle. pfo1·,·•,a produce tk,,wn..
Oa~Ua:. looi:;,1le1ldcr f(l(OlllOIOr gyn1A.: .i, rnn1,ulrncd dc\~ujon or ridj}.'
e-.s.mary: .l ronc o( iruxu~ bct\\l:Cu pioo..-,,,.~'-"' d:1.1r,H1.l-ristie u(!bgdl.dc generic:t.:dic study oflwm:--<lity.
p,otozo:u.~, c..-rt.'11t1 b.)('tcr1:1. w.d genOl:fJ)('! th'-' S("lll't.lC uu~up ofan habit.1t: thtt t"cok,g1cal al.lode of.l pl.uic
tieshw:.r« and ~:t.\'.ittr.
e.uJcaryotirc.:1)()$CSS,-i~ the sperm. O f~ l i i~m. n r mnuul 1,.pc:.:;1~.
flex.ion: ,l lllO\<mtctK tha.1 d{'('l'C'.UCS the
m.,-mhr.111nl1\ org:111d)(-,,: gNmi: dto.' t::.XOllOIUtC C1tC{P,Y !'lbU\'C hair::in <-'i:o£lcm1.'ll 11C:ructl11'\!'COll).ic.iu~of
ch.1r.1nC1"1~ic ofromplex ~'<lk angle between n\'O bo,n~ of.1.jomr. spt"dcs llld bclow 6m.ily.
l'u~i;\r,.hi:m 1;:m:11· \N'.,n.lir,:ry11tbt-, ktt.u:in.i2t"d dc:id cdh !h:11 luw b..':'n
opP®te ofext~'1~ion. g001:ro1,i11m: plun growth onrstted pu,l1l'll up tl'l.11n i d!;i1.l:.utt hb.iJ liyn.
cvolutiun:Kt'nclic :111,I pJlt'm)l)l"~ no,·:v.1, gi;"'ll('r.l] l('n U K'lr fflC' pl:1111 bfc- wtth rcspc.:t to g:r.tvny: ~Cull grow
ch:m~ oCCW't)ll!t 11) p~l,no,~ of upward. rooi:s g1uw downward, hair <db~spcc-fali2cd J\'<"~-pcor 11\'rw
o ~:1nilJ1nd1n•igh 111nt',~11....-.tD'y ,,C:1reg1011 ur :1lt!..
r'l"'Sl1JCU\t,; in il'l£'1\"~ d :ubpetciufl fut gtmn cr..lh::g_:1111ett'( or fl"lk 111:11 gi,re- t"11du1~ for mpondin~ toln1s.1tiom.
coucinucd ru,vJ\'lJ. tlowt•:the b!u..~otn or!ltl .u~11.:gpc-rn1 such .I,!. m d)<-' spiral OJ{;Ul ofd1~
rwc h » ~mll"t1-~ ,1rud:wr c<!'D,.
excrerion:dJ~hlr,'.:.ing \\~e 11utC"J1."d. tltil c'<JCIUl1u tilt' 1l•pn•ilut1i,·I' gl~t1nina1iou: th!! pn:)l'.X$ by which umcrc.ir.
exocri11(: gJ,and· .1 gb.n(I 1h;ii ~f'tfe$ hair tollicle::, fllbular dc:pn:1~011 in
OllyUIS. :, "1-"•·m.- ~1rl<l'~I end_.. ,k11·11uno:y
its produce to .tn epithelial sun:j~"<':. :bid 1\.-s.ttlUl!S noml:'11 nl('t:lbuUsm, 1ili: cSkan m which :i k 1ir (l('\~1,'I"'
d1rco:dy or tl1rough ~h1(« Duke: :i p:ir.1sitic il:ttwonu ,~idun the d<:-'i'dopm~'1'.lt, :u,d i ,nwlh.
c,m11kdcton;:111 r11.1h ·T, lurrli!t1~.._1 d . m Tn-marod.i. gill:~ g.1S-cxch,ll)g~ orglll clur.tnrmd~· hand: the: un,1111~ purt1on o l ll1.-
9.tpp()ctinl!I'. ~lnh'run- i.e~-retcd by offu.))('$ ;wld niticr ;iqti.ltk or
foDi cl(o;: th t" pomon o f d1e O\:"IJ}' 1h:11 scm J;tqUJti.: :inU,l.lls.. uppcr cXtl\"lllt1y,co1~1$flu~ oftlic
l'a"IQ, l,:rm or rp11 Il!ftll I\. giJ1gWa· dit' i3('.h>' CO\'t'l'ill~ 01,-n-
produces dx- ('m tind the fmule lr:< til..- m:m.:lillle :1rn111u:i.:ill1clm:11.1gl1 c:1rpus. 11wc.1c:1rpuc,.mJ d~ eb..
clt;piri.uiou: the pn)O..'""-" ofc·xp~-linJit 2ir w li~.:h t he ti..-eth p NlruJ.: w1d1111 th!!
&om f hc lunJi;i, thro"ttb bn::ilhulf: hormone ('(l rq;i:'lt; di(" d (1,rt'$~1on haploid: h:wi.ng unc copy of1.'1".h
OUL.also colkd o:fuf,ltUII. 11w.111d1; :J."', c;:,llt',d theg11m. diitC.J\"llt chromOJOnl('.
cJ1.11 ,,1ppon:'lo .11111(k\'l'lilf"I :1ft":Jtlltt
exrcnsion; .i. ll):)'.'nlk'fll rh;'lt inoe,lS\"S br h~r. gU'dU.ng:rtlla1,.:J of .a strip ufb:u½ 6--on, hard pabttv. the bony p.i.runon
lhe anpjt bel'\\~en n\'O boots ot :1 fi111i1U1d : :1mt':ml1r11rn11~-cqv!!re1I around 1 tree d(1,vn k'> the \\ood 13':'Ct.
joonL bt"l'.'A'\"m rh..- nr,ll ,md n/lS.11 t·..1.,'lucs
n'S;it;)n on die :;.kuD ~.,f!'1 l°rtll!,; or gtand :,1,n o~:in mu ptodu.--c,. :i spcotic formed by t he m.oolhe ,rnd p.11.lunc
cll'.lt'fn al ~:,r ch.- o-nr._.,. ['Orno,n o( b:i~• whet'!! ,')t.ifi.:ttfon lw 1101 y,'1
subst.W('C' Of ;St'O't'OOJl. hnn~
die l"'.u; ~on-i.stiug ofdie :mride occ:urrcd: :iho calcd l w.ft t-1,1:.
(pu lll2),<!.'<1Cnu l :iuffitory C~l3l,,tnd food "'00: dle food l ob bct\,ttn gb.w penis: th..- <"nllf'#\1. dtst:'ll enJ. ot Han!n:ian iyi1,':fll:~c o.drt•11..
l)'ntp.unuu. d1c J)mt\
extracellular: ouuide 1 i:cll c,, rel!.. popubuom in a comrnunny. h ~W"I: a 11lllitul1r, pumpulS: ur~ u
fooc the tennuul portion c,ftht- )0\,-cr glc,mr.nibr 1;.n~ulc · 1h e ,!oubl¢-
exrraembryoui<' tne>mbra.ues: w:illl"•I proxumJ portl'On u f :1 re1ul po~iUO.IC'1I m tlw 1humc:1c ('..'fl/U):,
m~i nbf.mes th.u .ut' tl()( a p.m ofthe .-,ntl."111\l)I cnn~fo mg-0f t'1c t:1r,;i;1c, mhuk 1h1c i:-ndoo;c~ tit(' glu11rnil11~ nf
embryo lu :ire <:SSo.'1)tul fu.r me' bdth :111tphru11: alto ..::11\.~,1IJ.,11..,r..;111l "'i,._,i:Je h_.ma1ocrit: t i,-.: 11,nl111no.> Pl'ft'l'Ol~c of
mel:1·1:lfiui., :md d.i~b. 1\-d blood cd.l- i o whole bk10,l
4'td devdopmc.m cit he- o~ism, foratt'len:-:,.o op,tilini ill :i bo1K'. for the g lomtrului. .i coikd rnii \1f~ pilhrk,
th;).( ic; sunounded b)' th~,. ~omcrnl:tt he1u0Wobin: the p~n<'!H ot tt'd
otr in ,~: J"l\"rt.&imng n1 ;,Jl o~•~id(' or p:i:il.lr:: .Lll h!Q()d \ "t.',l'ld (!I:, IIC1'~.
foratrwn 0\1ale,: dh • opc1ung <hmusf1 c~ul~ ruto.l filters unne from the blood cclk that tra nsports. 0 1 ~ld
l'>:tttu:il nrigm bbod.
the 1m~-nm:iJ sc,ptum oftbc tct'al glotti.s::. abt-bkt: opening into she co,.
faco..,c ~ ~1uD., uunutl, ~1ir1:u:r. of:, l1<JCt<' bryu:i, positio,k:,I lx-n\~• , h,. 0,1c
he.m. Vllt'!II /()1.l.... hemopoiesis:pioducnon o(r....d bbod
....1!(!1it llr'bCUl.itmu <-'1t'Ulr1.
foua: :i ,.kprcsscd :un usullty on 3 glyoog.:,n: 11.,.... pri11t.1p.J nurngc cells.
flldli<ated t ransport: mnsfi....-of:i bone-. cllfl,,1h~lr.1tt' in :1m nul\; it ti stor.-11 he()atic port.iJ circuh-1-io11:th.,-
p:.rodt" mto or out 011,:dJ .tlon~ J.
<-'Oll(l'1ttr.l.tion !tr.ldi,...m by :i proc~':i-1 fo.uil· JIii)' prcs...n,-00 l't'lll:li115, or- ptm1:1rily m d ie liwr :Uhl b m!'lll,.. rct11m nrv~nuwd.,l,-,..-,.1 from 1he
rrqwnng. ,l curkr. m1pn-:1uu11<of:111 u,g.uu,u1. a,'liW:,k :'IS ~lucool" when ne~-ded
dip!Vt' «.'qpns .in,J spl:-ei1 1hn-ugh
fa.Uopi.m tube: sec- 1,1rr1ti(' 1,1J,'t.' fou.rth '\' et:1t.riclc!:.1~i<y"''1th 1.11 the byt he body .:ells. ~ r;i~l:,ry 11~-twnrl.: wi1l1in li1.- Im,
fa~da : :i lt'l\1gh <11.,., ,,rlil:wou\ llf:IU\ i:0 11t:.1i11ing ,~l111:>s1»n:1l 11111d. goblet cd: l w1icdluhr ~Llnd withi1l
he1i>n• d r:l1m1l~ iulu th,._. hl.'.an.
Cl)IIIHIN'.tiw n.·ouc hux.lmi,t 1h.· \l:i11 fcwt'a c1.-nlralis.: :i 1,l..~ ,i<,o on llk.· .:oluimu.r c.pit.hdfa th.u s«~tc1 herbaceous: :i nom,\'>O(I~• pl.lnt.
llUCufa lutC'l oftho:',;'}'(' \\"here on!}·
1(1 urwkrfymg nm"drs ~1uppofring ,:ones lte locif<'d. which Is the ~a lllll( Ul,. herbaceous stem. stein of:i
ofkccncsr vis.ion. nom,oody pbm.
-,x.l to..1,ar1c111~ mtL,d.-.
froud:.1 le.U ot ii rem ll",ully herbh'Or«.i.!l organi.<i'lu tb.Jt 1eC"Ck
r('l,s,1inmg m.my lcJflecs..
e:-.X"lmii:'t'q•on rt.mes.
fniit::1 11ut11n:- m:,r)' ,:nd~mt! ~ )C'{'d
<)Tllt't'tk hcw.di1y: 111.- u.1,nsnm.<utn a(.;er1:am
d1:1r:"'1.o!ri.,11c.,.ortr.1i1S, fnm , p.cn,11.'>

m oflipnng. vu th,.- ~ nt"I
heterudont: '1,Mu~ ~cdl ,l!..IT<!Mtl1,1h'J

into ulciiors,c:ei:lincs., pn.•mob n. 2nd

moutS tor spccttk fiwc11ons:.

300

LH.'.t.~n,uopfr .m oeyinl\Jn dut unlu~ i ntrinsic: $1UlJlC'd 01 l'fflaimng tn luttal root: :i kcondl~• mot tlut •Glossary
pn-fr.irm..J U:,o,L in1,..n1.,I <>r1giu :ir~ by bi,lochuig rfOm .in older
medulla oblongata: ,l p,.)mOtl ofthe
hetero:t.ygoui: luvu~ t\W ditr,•m11 i nwrtcbmte: :m .mmu l d1.11 b cb :i "'°L
.tlltln (i.e.• Bl'>) fo 1 3 W\'Cn mit. l.c;,fVC?iru· phnr umc:cun« ch:it bmiuntm ~n"\'o.•n 1.hc pou~ !'lud
vttrt'hr:,I u,)1111111,
h i.atu l.'.J,n 1.>p,,\111!( orfl-..urc. irilit: Ll1l'. pigml'11tt,I \-.._i,uhr tu rnc cc:-•>saiu the- 1--:r«uhr n_,;su~ m :, leaf the spin.ll c(lfd.
hihun: .1. 001tcl\'C or dcprtlf('d ::&re,l medulla.ry cavi1y: tht" hoUowcemtt
por!lon ofth..- <::)\." th:u surrolllldl l1•gume: :1m.-ml'll'r nf1hr r~•, ur
,vhcrt \"t".uch or ncr,-es curer or tht pupil :md re;91l1t~ ib. J i.unctcr. ofdil" dw.ph)'$1S of., fon g h:me.
c:,.it ,lll org,m. isle-ti o f Langerhans: !n:- p,;111•11.vmc L,•:a.n, f:1111ily. ot.o.·up1~ by w,Ihnne m.un,.,..,
h i:,;tol ~ ; 1111,ro~·opi,· ;µmomy ,sku. mcgaq, orc: ;i rlan1 ,-port" !hat w,U
ofthe <11ucrurc and ti.umion of iso,o(X": a ,:hc111io:.d <'l<'mem th,H hl.s L.-ru! l tr.iu ~ :'Ul'ilf rcfrlCtn~ Wm.TUI'\."
th,: ~mt" Mrnm, nrn n~r :,~;1tl(1tht"r ol the eye. d~rr."\'d rrom cnoderm g.:;m,in:u,.. co hi:c,,m,.. ;i ff'm~lr
ti,;,~u c-,, bm J different .nonuc .,.,nght. :ind positio nOO poncrtor to ti~
pupil and uis. ~ , 111,'C"uph )1t:.
holdf;.,lt'luial e.xteu,liuII nt:i j cjunurn: the miJdl<! lhwlion ('tfdw
i.lll:ill 111~tu)o.•.loc;1n.."<.i b(-(\\l~l'I the le-nticel: sp<)l-im' ;llt'J. in the b;'lfk meiosis: ~-en di\'uioo t,,, w hich
m1.dtico:-lu l.u 31~ th111: :itt~hn lt q{:i m-rn nr ffl<'II th.11 ~nnits
co ::i sohd ~1cct. duo."Jd<-uum ~nd the Uo'.l.nu. i.inNrh.mge ofj?JSCS ~t\\'CC':fl p;lmN•.'1-. or luplOtd sex eels•.a.r:
hotr'U'os1asi-.: -' 001~uteucy :u1J joint C\!piuk>: !'I fibrous ci.t-tw cuff 1111('fl1,;1l r~uo:'< J111I 1h,: ;n-m,:~phen-, tOCmcd. In pL•m.u. uw1<>.hs yielil
tulifomlity ofthe mtc.n,Jl body
cm,ironmc-nt th.u m,lfot.un~ norm:11 u1rround111f. :i m01:ibk joint l~-ukoc.ytl.!: ., white blo,1d ed. Jpor<S.
btx-ly timcaon j ugular; pcn.uning to dlc ~'t'iJu ofthe
homologous: ;u,•l.u t.n dc-\--dop111c11ttl lichen: :ilg.,. urb :1·«t:1i.1 ;11xJ linlgi mclanocyte: ,1p,gmcnt-prodt1ar,g
ongm ,md .sh:mng J. n:,mmon 11(0:. rh.1t dr.am 1hc .lf'<",tS su rpb ~'O , ~um lht: rl«p~ c-ptdc.-rm:,I byc-r
by the c:irocid amries.. cocximns UI .1 !l)J.tuai&k ofdtc.sbn.
Jltl('1.••.1ty. l'\.'.laUOu'.4~rp.
lmryotyrc· ,he .,rrni_gl'ffWUI of ligan1enc :a libmtis b:ind o( m(ln1l.m;mc,u.s bone: bone th:11 !Qrms
h o m oth;dJi<::;iJ)•'<1d u 1 \\h1.:h d n\11110!!,IJ!III.'$ tlut 1$ d1:tr.ieteriici(' con~Clr,"\' Oswe dlJt bmds bone from mt!mLc-.anccu t<)l?UC'<' t11,.:
1Jhli\'1Ju.lb produ(c both nur :-ind oftht· spcocs ()f of:i ttn:uo
f,•nu!o.> repmdm tiw .'ltrut:tttn_~ ~u)d to bone ·10 '-trc-ngdien .,nt1 r,m,dc tmu.- r.,thl':rdun fr<im cu"tibj;e.
ln'. $Clf-frml,:. mtl/vidu:J. .wppon t._, d\e jomt~ also nuy menarche: du 6nt mcnstru:ll.

hormone: 3 dx-n:ti,.U s.ubsun,c dur kera1iu:1n tt:Sulubk proc:<:ul p~1n .wrron '-"ISl:<T.l. dsi<::h!'lr~.
i~ p1odun-d in .in ctidocril'I(' gf.md in the cpidenuis .u1d in cpid~•rmJJ meninges: J. it\l\1p oi th1-cc tibrous
.111wl <<'(rt'h·d 11110 th.- bl-.,:d;,n-.,m dcr1w1ti11tt ~h JS, s.:.11~ . fc:iihm. limbic; ~ydcim · pcmion nf1h,• l,r,1i11
10 , ,iusc J.n dk-n m 3 spt"citkc-.tri;-t h:11r,;i,wl m-il~ .._"1)m:trn.·.d wid, cm,1tima .and meti1bm11ei m.tt covt-n. tlk- ccmul

org;u1, kidney: one ofthe p,iu\'d organs of :imononuc :.CO\'!~ ll~l'QUS '-Y'\1<'111
th,: unn.uy ~tt-111 cfl,11 c·om:im locus: chc ~pl-afit: lua•:,timl oi- 1i10.• ufi menisc:us; "~dgt:4apcd c.:int).1ge tll
h o i:t: :111 o~Usm un ,.- m wlllch ll•"}'lm.111.t ~ucl 61ttT \\~W-IS fu.1111
th.- tlloud 10 tht 10t111:1ti,10 ofthl' s--oe \\idun lhc chron:io10mt:. certmn $}'110\-;:il_JQino,
~1\1(')(.hcr ors~mm liVt-s. lumbar: pl'ft.unitl{:t to the rqrioo of
llnll:!. nicnOf"'Ul!I!: 1f1r 1-C-$~OQII of
il(lutt1:ch(' t(!t'11Un:d pornoo M dteloi~. ll'lt'1t.tru;J pl"nod,s III t h,.. hum :, n
kingdom: ;I LU'.UI\Omi. ,;':U'C),.'.l),Y lume n· 1110:- '¥"<' wuhm ,1 mh.11:ir
the :.m:ill 1ntc.mnt:. lxt...,-c:cn dtl• p.rourln;:; rd:itcd phyll.. fcm!'ll.e.
JO'llCtun' d.l1'0\igh ,1-tJch :i m cmlitel!: tlle nioud,ly tlow ofbio..)d
jejunum :uki CJ«um. h1bia major; :i pott100 ()fche Qtenul suh.t.1nre pm<'$
imprin1fog-, type- o(l<"Jrnni gc,malu of~fcm:ik con.c.isa.Jii;:. lung: , n 11.· oltlu· t1.lu major urg:tm liom the hwnlll f..-nuk S<l1.-.ll O':'l.:t.
of,ll'\) kuigituJ.in:.iJ 10~.h. <'If<kin ofn~pin.tiou \\'ldmi d\l! tl,oru-ic menstntal cycle: the rhythimc
bl"hJ\ior during a. lt1mud cridc.11 ~-..vi1y.
t'Xt,·nilmg ,l,,wnwml :111.I bx·h,:inl lymph! :i d,:;tt Jluid th!'lt 110\,'! ti:-m~c n"J)toducw.'t' cydc.
P"""d fmm Ll,e m()flJ pub~.
labia minora: C\\\) sm:ill !01~ ofskut. throup;h ~1upbu1,: wss.ds. th:ir:u;~metl by i:-h:mgtt in
ind~ nmu; ,;ug:1111)111, 1f1.:11 ,,n: 11.,th~ d.:w,id uf11:1.i..r :1nJ s,~x-;,t glmd», lymph node: J smJI, ov,\I au• honuon<' k-,:~L-. .1nd pl?Y51c.11

h) !'I Spl~i.fi( rcg,011: 1101 hii n11.luCTd. lyios bct\\~cn tbt Ubil m.ijorJ of -.,scl<lnc,1t,;•d ;rlong th<' cnul5t" oflymph dcm~ 111 the nh,•nn(' hnmg.
iuguin;J:1lt'n.:1iui.ng tn 111,... l>,mm the cxrcnuJ ~cnit:11.i:i.of:i renuk m c nnru;diou: d ,.: .1~.,.d1:11t,.._. <>fl,1111.KI
l ac:rimal gland: J te,ir--s«miog gb.nd lympb(lcyc0: ,1 t)'J)e ofwh1tt: blond
f\'w,,n. loc.u:cd on dl<' superior IJtcr:il cdl c;it:1r:1nl'"r1w-rl by:, gr-.imd11r .u1J ti-A.UC (l'\)111 ti,~ Ulcru/1 !'ll the
portion of1ht" <')t'buU uudctn(';&tb eyt•lf>'l.'1!>111. e1ul ofdtc- 111,•11-.iru:,l i:ycfo.
ins('rtion:thi: mol\• mc,n:hk t h:: upp1'1" <1-.::li..-l
hiclo.'111:.1 :-w:,ll lympl1:i11e d1Kt widu11 nuicula lu um: ;, d.:pl\.~011 m d\C mcristcn1 tissue: uudiffl'tt'.lltUtcJ
.m:ichmem of~ muKlc-. u~u:iU}• a vilhu.ofdie s.m:dl in!l.'Stm,:. l'\:'IUU th:11 com:iui- die f(>\'C3
IUOl't" dtstal Ill IOCJOOI), lacuna; :, hullow d ,:uubcr th;;t hl)tu~ ccmrl.h.~. d,c .1re1 ofkecncs.1 ,'Le.ion. pl.Int 11m1C thlt is caplbk of
impU'M:ion: the~c1 ofb1e:ithin1; ;Ut ::Ul OSlOO<)'{(' ill 11\)IUI\~ buo~ twt,c diViding.1,nd prod\11:int:t n'-'w .:dis.
into the pulmon.Jry .-.1,"t"oli ofthe or :i chondrocyn.· in c:itOU~ wsu.:. ru.alnutritiou:.iny :ibnonn~ mcscntery .-r fold ofp,:rltone.J
lung,; :ih ,, 1M;dkd i'Jd1d(111'0,t, l amdbi:.1 conce:uttlC ring ofnwrix amnulm on offood: recc1v111fZ 01embm.11t th,u ,uuches an
s.urrouud111~ the central c.11lll in :i.n u1Sl1ffkic-n1 nurricll('I.. $1,.-lnmm.il •Jrg,U) 10 (h~~omtoo.l
irntar.iu~gc ,-L*'"'"'"' or ,,tl...r osi:ron ofnumrc bone OS»R-.
,ut.lm:,pod d(,•dopml~lf bct\\'"°cn l ar~ .intestimt· 1h(' tlSf nMJor rmum11:ny gb1ml: 1>,,.. ~:im1 of "-..I.
portmo nft he g;,~mll11h":11;1U:1l 11:11-:t, ri~ 11u1mn:ili:111 f.·mall'" bn::11,t
n111l1.1. n.'ipuu.tiNc for beutwn .t:ild ,n,. -m t-sodt'!rm:<hc 111i<ldll.' ofd1t
cum11.,oni ofthe C!'ll'ClU U. u>kut
im.-g nme-n1~~rt:-iiufog to the sk.i1l. n.·1:111111,.Jnd :111.1) r m,~ 11,1uru;h111,.-,ii , .,fll1t• )Hrn1g. tt,n·t prim.i.rr g~n b)~rt.
imernal ear: dlc mnttmot! poioon h1n'a: ;tu unuutun.•.dcw!opn!celll:'d
nia..ntle: llcihy fold ofthl' bo..ly \\;ill ,,fmetophy~ th.- mj,ldlc·. th,u,: b)~
ordwnber ofthe c-.ir, COJ)ui1uug su~~ lh:it is quite difTCl\'f:f fo:nn oi :i moUu;k. typtc:dly mwih-x-d io
1hc cocbk.l :ind the ww.bub.r dlC' .to.iult. WlltOnmuon. .1. k :ifc<H)t:'l:l11a~ cdt lh:it J.:rC :icti\-C
orgam. l.uyn.~ the SIJllCIU~ lo,c3tcd bctw«11 in rho1osymhesis..
iotcrnod1.r. rc,g:1011 b<'twm1 ~em ,be pb.uynx :ind a·.te.llC'.i t!m u.tarine: ~rt;W!ini:; ro die ,c:i or ace.in. mesothclimw :i ~implc squ,uno~
hooses the 1--oc.:.I cord:-: C"<lllllllOn)y marrow: 1he ro6 V.ISC\tbr tissue dt:i1 cpuhdul rissue that liiws body
nod!"'.. c~1llc,I ,tic- 1,.,i,1· l,,iw.
o.;.('up,c- the mn,., c.1v1ty nfcen:i\u c:ivtoc,. .uld CO\~N .,.iS<.~aJ org.t,1~
iu1('nti1ial: p<.'f'f:.i1m\( CO -~«'S or hoo~ :1m l pril-ifucc>, hlood 1:dk
m.-iJrllt. d11.' ulll'TCclh~a :,r.ub«..Uk'C o( .J:u, (a!!ed ,r,og,
,sm1.:n11'\"$ lx·1\\l"l'fl th<' lum111111ri11g :, u,._.,11.....
mhli:rs tlnurn: th,: puttti6 n lu th\! mt-t.;iboll,:rn: d ,,• d~1,11c:1I 1.+..u1~~
.;.Ch\'\.' <U~m· uf:·my urg.:tu. center ofdle thora.'C bl•twcc-n die
i111·('n,--er1ebral disk: :i p:id of two pleuiuJ c:i,io~. d1:.t o«urwid1in a edl.
meduUa· the i:cmerpa-t1on of;111 m ~tacarpm1: tlw.- n·~un ofdY:
lit-JOc:1tObse belV,'Cctl the bodies of ori;m.
.tdJJCCllt -..'l."ttcbt.le. lurid bctW'l.'<-'u the- \\'ltt ;1nd che
inte-sti.n.11 gland: .i snnple ruWl.u
digestive glJ.lld th,11 ('lflcru nmo the plul.m~.iildlldi~ the tiw booct,
~urf:'.,·<'<•ftht- im<"llri11,1l muc·o~
.aud.~l't"n'tl~ di~u~~ c 11.:y111...s: ;tho Ihm ron.<t1rute till:' palm olthe hand.
mecamorph~i~dun)ZC' m
c:,11,:od r11•111 ,fl.irb.·,J:,i(m,
morpholog1;.- fom,. iuch JS, wbcu
inu-;1edlul:u: w11luo tJw o.dl ibdf:
J O 11\'-C,.-I hn~, .;l('vd<'Op m tt) 1hr

.a,duk or.a. 1,1:lpolc cle\'d()p imo u1

.tduk frus,-
1n cla•~nm1: dlt: n ·giim ,-Ldie;:

foo1 hl"l...,..-c-n Ilic ~uUc :ind di..-

pb:ihni~--s.c(>1U~linl\ ofti...~ botW'S.

301

• A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Loooratory ooc.yte: ,t dc-\'C'lo,ping c-gg cdl p ancr0as: org;in m thc-abdommal
m ic.,-.,hiolog)': lht> M:,r11t·l" (\!!:J in~ nail: :, 11:m.ll-i,ed.., k.-ntim.lC'd plah• th:,t oogcn.i~i,i; 11k' pmr~ o f f.•m,,k- (:l\·it)' ilt:1t $1!\"tek-", g:1:1tril'Jtti,·.e-1 i11tcl
1he g:istTOintotinll tr.u-t ,md ii-is41ftn
Wld l erm.'n~\°l(>k' or,1;;rni,.mi. .k\\'frJf'S lium th<-' cpuk rmis- 11\.1 ~1m:h' fonnllllou. ~,i..t ~~•,.:•~"(m 1111Q rtlc< l'Mnn,I.
foinns :1 pn•h.-cti\~ (U\'l'fl!lg (lfl the:
mduding b.lctcria. fungi. protozoo. uuf:lcc.s uith,:, d1~it1. oogouiunt l u 1ucdltd:tt fl11ut- pant:reali c Nt.•hl: :1ductl"T , "It-n •Ht
tt·pro:h1c·uw org;a.n uf v.1rie1m
~ \'U\ISCS. natts: me ()f'l('ninf:,'i mt,:, the ~u..~ prot i.~G thit COotli:iN 1 ~l~o.' OC witf1ui Ibo." pwt,rc:U th:'lt foru 11 !h.;
i:111.loo: rim~portu,n o f i.lw p:,m re:tt;
m ic:.rosporo; ,1 ~port:' ,n :;t°ffl pbnt.~ avil:y: :ikoc.l.il«l r,.,;uits. SC\'«lli ~-
th:irdc\~lops into ;i poHen s,r.iio. d~> c:il.kd ukrs efLi,~,.m,.
die m:11:- l}'lnierophyt<-. n.i.sal ca\'ity:~ 1nu,;tl!;,1-hntJ l>pac<" optic: pcn.unini:; to d1e eye .:md lhc-
abc,.•c ,he oral c.r,:ny 'lh.11t is d1vid.cd papillae:sm:il mppk-Likc ~ i« tion:s.
1n ic:nA·illi: m1c·n~·,1pi(\ luirlil:.: by ;i uas.1lsc-pwm .1ndlS t hc- fust !,C'OSC Qi\ '10011. pan.nasal sinus:-l n'tlcou~hnrd. l Jr
, h.m t1)1;!1' uf th,. n.-,;pn:uury ry'l'k!n 1
pn;i:,u(.l(I~ uf<TD 11K·.rnbranes uu optic chias-1.ua:: .anX-sh.tpt'd«rum1rc rh.,rnlX'r th,111 •':Q1mn 1111cJC('C ¼;th
r l!l'f:iio t>pi1t1di.,I n:J,. ntial .H'ptum:;a l>Ofl)' .utd c:ui:iutcinuu~ the nasal c~iq:
p:1r11tion tl1:1l i~:1-Jr.1U"'I till' 11lt'l:1I rh,..ni1 1'10: inft"n()r l SIXl<t of twmn par.1,rite ;;m org.m~m 1h:ir mti,lC'\ in
miJbuin: dw: p<)fti.•1 of d,t br:~u ,..iv 1ty iu to t\rn porti,m, .. ur 1111 :111otJ1C:T fr.,.11 whi, h u .-kriv~
bcC\'.'C<"ll !he poos :ind d~c forcbnu1. w lil"fl! d,= i, .1 patti.ll ('101,;ing nwr
riarural sekcrio n : the l,'OtuuonJt)• oftibc~ iu thi: op!lc 1k -r•~. llu<tcu ancc.
middle ear: the middle (>t°tho! three opl.ir di.i:k::iM11:,II ~m1 oi1.hc<n.-1ina 1,:m111yrnpa1hc:1:ic:: pt-'ri:u uiug h> t hr!
eJr dumbc:rs, coutJUuug d1..- thn:e mech.uustu b,· ,.,,.ilKh ben« acbptt'd wlwn: d ,c fibi:o. u(tfi..- i,;:i11gf100
.i.uduory ossidcs. o~ns arr fav~:ff~I ro n-producr tlCUl\'.11."D CXII from d \C C'~blll (0 dj.,,imx1ofdl<: :n11011oou~ u,' r ll(Ku
.rnd p11Ss on thMr S('llC'( to !hc- next fomt t.hc opu,.. n::-rw: llho calktl the l}'SUnt 000Cl"11lcd Wllh 11.:-tilftti,:s tlut
m igr-.1rion; mcy.•emm ofori;in, un~ Miitd sp:,t. .m.· l.tU;Jgonisdc to lhC' sympllhctk
limn nm· trni1•lp1u.-M$lie' co :ul(llhl'f'. gt"lll'fllOOll oral: pc-nJ.i1t ing to the mouth: :ilso div~o11 oftbe autonomic tl(;l'lXU
cAllN fl!,«.:/
m in1ia y: :i pru1c.'<'l"'e ~ mhln,LC of n.:phran · 1'1(' hnict:inu:.I n11i1 n( the orr n : ., iln1,·1m't\ <'(lf•...« in g <,f twn Qf S)'stC1U.
JJ\ or~o i.;.m to :iuudi (•r. imlni:y. i:om.utml!_(of.a ~uu1.,.r1d11~,
more llS-•~•"'·~·t h,,1 pt•fl(>rms :, ~pcc1fi... parad,yroids-s,1ull endocnn.... gl:imh
m i coecb : th~ pro= ,·,fn·Ud iv11,1,1t1, ~um,:t1:1b , <':tpsule.1.'01~-olurcd il,.,i aft' ..mhrd• l"<I ,l n 1ht< po<t....rir_u-
u1bul'$. :Uhl !Ii~ IIL1>hrun L.11)p fo 1lt:lllHI.. ,cm fa,'t' ofth.- d,ymid ~ab.
111 wt1.1d1 die t\\O d.l~ncr <"ells n<'tVt': 11 bt\1)(lk (>ish'r\!c lib-CB OutSl,I,: and Al""!.'. coucrrucd \',.1th C.Uoum
.ut idcnucll :ind com:tin t he s:imc urg-.u1dk : :I nmmlot )(rm;u u~ uCth<! llll"t~)()Jr,;111
ornnbc:r ofchroinOSOlnt'S. rite C-Clltnl llCl'\'OUS J}'alC1ll.
uUtral ,-ah'e: the left :ur1owutrkul.11' cuk:'lt')\>OCcell dur JK·rfo111r.o: J. pan~chy ttui: dlc.p non plll 11tuctur.U
be".trtv,1!vt-:11bo c,tlled thr lumsp,,1 ne 11ro.6br il 11od('; a gip in 1he myd:tn ~ mk (mmion. cdh ot pfan;s.
sheuh ofII lll'f\.'C filx-r: ruso C-..ilcd orgauis.111:.111 111dJvtdwl ~tJ:@ crC'an~.
1tJ1,· otific0:11n o pc,ning: i,110 11 b\"ldy uvky par ietal: pcrt:Uning to J w.dl of1111
th... ,wdt efR,11.v,r,
m i,u1d TIC!n•~: ;, 11.-rw t:u11U.11111~ both Of t1.1l'IC. OfRlll (It Cll\i ()•.
1nuwir-:11ld)c11s,il)· 11t·rvc li.l~r1. m; uroglia: "J'C•-i.1lizc.:I ~~•ppnri:iw •~
o rigfo· ,11,... pl.Kt> nfnw~I,... .1nx h n~m p a rotid gland: one ofthe p,nrtd
moltM:u fe:.1 m1.1111tt' m ;m ,1fmath•r , >f1Jw •"<'lll r.J llt'n-YIU~~)'lo.11'1U. Qlllll.l d~ ll!()re.-ct:ui,uu,ry fl()lin i 0 1 &lli\~11)' gl,md., on 1ht J:X;lc;s Qf die

cumpu~l'(.! uf ,1 1.1,>lllbuu llou of ue uroktmnocyte : :a )J)c~·i!"l!ij_cd ptu.•,:11-u:d lxmL';Ollf<"tllle Ilic uN:rtion . f:11't' ~l\>cr 111,~ 111:,ueier m md,•.
lh"IU-Ugli.1! , ell th:,t .'1!1!'1\.111110:h .nl ollmo.i.i_~:dw diifu,i1111 ofw ahT fo1111
J.toins dut fot1f1 .1. ~·n c~nuC'JJ parturition: 11,t> pnK.•dj or.:.Jlillbll!h.
subst,u1t1:c- or c.:>1npound.. :,xuu fih.:r of:1 t"Cnpbcr.'11 m:nsc :uiJ :, sol.mt.01l uflo:scr~Oll<'l'fllrllt>On to
mo1ring: rcriodk fflc-ddmg ofan fornlS" the ncuriL."1um11! shcnb: al>e> piuhogen : :u,y dii.e:1...-~pniduung
<'P,detnW-dcrr.'C'd «rum~. cJll<-d th~ S<lum,111 ~t'A'. (llll" ~· gttl' !Cl' ('Otl COUnti()lll d u tlt~
monococ: :i 1.ypc ofang10-.prm1 in neuron: dtc strucnll'.1l .u1d fw1ctioo:d utg:tuWu.
un:t o(the ncn-ousJ)'Stcm. l SCtUlpC'mle.:iblc mr111br.l.11c-.
-.,:l11'h 1h,.. ~«t ha~,_,.,Ir :a l>mgJ._. 1-. omp()(cd oia cdl bod~dt'fldraK'S, oui cle: ooc- oflho: d!tel" bones oftlk: pectin: lll i'.>l'~llic compound In dtc
:,rnl au :,:wlfi;i hn r.1 llf',I :, ,11n ,· n•N llncmUul11rl:1y~r ,Ind J.'111lllt)' w.lll
c,1t}'lt',k111; :ds,>c:,Ilot~I u11'1f1,'Avty!.·1t.'.v1. u1!u tn :U1: :'I ,.uh,l(o ul!C p:ubd.,. m tl.: ntiddJc- t".u•. of p-bm cdl w:1lk: rhe ba™of frun
motm- neurn,o: :1 nt<n~ crfl rh:11 uu,-lc-tK of:111 ,mun tlu 1 11:i< ::t wc-igl1t oste001c:J m;iiu!l' bonC' cdl jclltC'$.
ofuuo:-JI01wc 111:,~ unit ~utl ~".'u-rit... n~l~on: ~ gmup nf m tr-c,ryc,:,i, ,me!
Cllfidu, ·i,. .-:teou 11<ic..·11t1:1I ,MA.Y t~cton l girdle: d:ie pomon ofth....
liom the Cl'1ttr.lJ net,-otli l)"!.lcm .1ud llC>dl :U-ltO:. u111<1'.t'lllr1c )mud ~ -cu mnuuli.ug :,
llkd,:ion il,.11 \oppn m ,1,,.. "r~
iM C'IV.ll~~ d f'octor ~ a t {musdCJ ne u trophil: J. l)'J)C 01 ph:igo,:yti.: white l"l'11Cr.1l 1;;~1n;il ·w,i hin hon.; ~ " 1('; :1k11
blooded!. ,·.:died II HJwr.<L·m .i.)•iirnr. l'Mn-mi1i,'$.
and !!Jands):11bo c.illc-d efcra,f 111'1111111. ("'!dlc:d : 111,: .<t,ili.. (-{:1fl(Y,V('r in .an
mot or unit: ,1 sar,ftk motor 11Cu l'Otl nkht ! the- p oslt!OO .ind tu nct!On JJ rok oval window: 1« t"-'1ri611ilr wi'wfom
of110 ori;,mi.q_n in it\ m»)'lltem. ovarian tbllide: J. d<.";"\"lopu~ ovum I u lfoc~..'(<'<"lll'r.
•od the mu«Jc-iiben u mn«va1C1.
nipple: :, <l.1rk pi!,nC'nlffl.rpun,lctl .md its- sutrounding-::puhcbal ,dk pelvic, p.:rUtfll.llt,'. IO the- pdvu.
rnuc ~; :1tl1ll<'t1tts lllo:'lllhr.mt" 1h:11 fKOj-«iun :11 tho:- up oitlw bn·:1<L O\rary: the fcm;ale ~nad. 111 whJch O\';l pelvic gitdJ~: thc- p<itnon oi thr
tiuo. n1rit1~ :111.J tl'at'b •·lfk'Ui•,s to
n itf<'g:C:tl 6.xarion: a pmn-t~ r:,rrici.i .md cN0i11 kXUll hormones Jll' skdc-tou to which ,b:: hwc-r
cf,.,. t"Xll:nnr ,mt hr c:~..-uin mg;mii,nu, sud t ~ l dll CC\-l. c:)l:fl-otincs 11re :ittt.:hcd.
oviduc t : 1h~ tuh~ 111:11 1r.1mtpur1S UVA. 1>enis: the C,,.'t't'rn:il 111.:ilc g,:m1ll orgm.
mu,;dc: :n, Clf~u :a.:l.ipci:,I 111 c:11n1r:10:t a.~~· su,I b.~( tcna. whcr,:~• rrel.' fmrn lfi.... m·.ny t Q tftt" U{('nij; :.Js,) th!Q\lgh -.-Aud, urm,:- r,1:95(';S d 11ring
thn,_-c rype, of u1u1li: o»uc :m: c.Mlc,I tllt' 1»,•mw 1uf,, or.C1fl,,pfo11 mhi•.
11miosph •:tic 1utr0g.~·n ii comx-ncd un11:11ion mid th:it ITJ!'l•p,cid~ \C.'m<:n
ClltdillC. smo«h. :inJ ~k1.i:tlll imo :ur11no1iil ot lljQ'J:<C compounds. u vipos"itor. 1 '.C:rucl,m: :il 1h.:: poi.co:nur
mutation:,\ ,w-i:anon in .m 1.nht"ritabk- node: loc1no11 on II Sf<.•m when~:i k ai Clld o{the .tbdamen 111 mtny fcnuk m dll.' fn n,J .- (lurii~ cnm1\

ch:it11ctt:fisnc~ l pcmUJ?.Cnl u :ar.:.-.:hcd. 11UC"Cu for bym~ l"ggS. pcr c n n i.al: :, p l:.111 d1.:11 Ji~l.,. tl1n1u gf1<1tU
node: QfR a.1wicr: ~c 11r,1•~jbri( ,,.,11,. O\'\llation: tbc rnptu1\~of ll~l ov:in:in tl'VlT.al co m.tll}' gn:M'll'l{t k ·:Uuo.1.
crll.tSmi»--ibk- chm~ 111 w luch the not m:h m-d:,1 11:--xil,lt- ITII.I (,(n1S11c- ch:11
foDKl:- with the rtk.JS:- of .ut 0"'\l.m. per k ardiwu::i protect!\~ scious
olr<pr1rig cltlft"r from me (Y,ll'C'll5. e<:tm-ls tht> Jengib ofth<"" Nt'k of:in owul0: the fC'1m lt" r:produni,"t' mc-mbrlll<-' th:ir n1rrotmi:k (hi.: hC'll't.
1-"mhryo :m. cl tn ,(lfU< ·" l,Ju.
mutm,li ~,n; :, hr11t'firu l rt•bu,,n~hip uudcM'. aidd: .m m-g_;mi(: mol~ uli: org:,,11 m .a ,t'lt',I pl.mi tk,1 rom :nn,. perkarp: the D'l.tit w!ll dUf forms
from t he w.1.U ofa m,HUt'<' 0\'3ty.
bi:C\~'cl•n IWb ~:trusnt-1 of,liff,..n· nt composed ofJoi1ied oudcolidc-s, lll~!i;hp<loDl~ UIII w1ie~ rn~io~,
~ h .u RNA 100 L>NA. ,-.:·..,~ anil t he- fl"ln:i~ ~•m~1Qpt1yt¢ 1~r-inn11u- the floor ofth:- pdvtS.
-.p,:,:w~. nucleus: 11 spheroid body w:th111 11 i~pn.11.Iu~ ,I. p c r ic,11h !.u m :1, Ghrom C(.)11t11,!r,ivc-
l'tlk.u)'Otic <t"II d ut ,::oru.tiru lhc
m)" lilc .a lipuptoti.'i11 111:ater1.J d 1;d; ,bromo:~oml'$ oftht" cdl OV\ltll: 3 .U'C.:MHl:iry OOC)'tC .tficr 1i.~uot w ~·niug ib.:.~urfa<"..- ofbune.
mJt' ;i hanlctl<'d :in,·I dry linglt---'lo:'.-.:lcd pcrip h cnJ n l'1'You 11 11ys-t L.•m (PNS):
Rlltm~ Hhclilhlikc Cll\'<: ti•~ llt<Hul.:I frniL ovufanou but bcrbrc fc-n:iliz.·uion.
OCl'\'C' tihcn.. LI,~· ncn<cs :"Ind !o?'l°ll!!ll ofthe
m yocardiu m : lhc c..nl11c 111\liek fa}"\"f ulfadur y p,.rt:1imng tu the 1,1.•m.- of palh-adt blyer: t bc \.'J)pct !:'l}'<'r ofthe
ofthe h<ML 1n,:U. nld<lpl-.yU of.1 INf. wbkh \'.'ames orOCl'\OOS J)'lll~"1ll t hai 11.: ouui&:
myo6br-il: .-. 00.ridlc oi-:onm,.;ule out photn'l.yulh~.
the l.'lr.-ain :md &p11ul cord.
Imel', \\'1tlti11 mrn,..1.,.. nik pt>ristab is:rhytl:uni.: C0rl(J'3Crions

ln)'l1Ueur:il jum:tion: the Mt(' ('}( of~mooth 11"wdc m the v.•.:ilk ot
v.1riow tubulu Otl?,11'~ di.:i1 mO\'C'
l'(lfll'¥t lu:t\\ \'(1'1 ;m :IX'l'tn of a mc•tor
111'\l!Ull .1.n:I:. IIIU 'i!1l· !ili<!I'. lh< comcnis llloug

m yo,ii.n:~ thick fifarncn, ptuti::111 th:11.

~thcr wuh 1co.n. a wes mwck

C(llllt r1ctil'.>ll.

302

pcrit onl.!mn : tl,~ Jeru1,~ 111,•mhr:mc r.1d.ial S}'ltm1ct.ry.:5>,111nctry .m.,tmd •Glossary
t~ lii1..~. d-:c .alxkloi~m•!'I! ,:,~iry ::ind ph .-unil nn~mhr.u1ei: 1,1.•,01~ s.1li\.1try gl111nd: :en J(l e'1SOty dii;esti,'t'
O:O\'C'~ the 1bdonu.n:J \'lSt'tr:L m<.'.nlbt-:U1\~ dut s.unuu.11J tho.' :i crmnl :,xn ..o ,h;,t :iny }qlf,:,f,in gL1rk-l 1Ji:11 '~1"'1~ .s.1~v:i in111 dlC
lung~ ,,1.u<l lm t llit! i.iu1f'.a~1;;" ,;.-.ivity. or;il ca,'liy.
ptta.l: lhc l~fofi lfow~1·, wluch i1 \l~ma m n id.:u lli::il ro 1l1e< utf1t!r.
plexu..s: :I U('lWU1-kofSlllL'tfac-cJ ll<:n~ ~.arc:nlt.'fl1n1:,; ,b.• r-dl 111.-mhu ut' nf .1;
l""n«-J.l}y cohR"d or Vl.>t,;d!.. r('C~ptade: t h,• t!.p ofrh,.~:ixii of:i
pedoJ('!; •tuet\lJ"t' of:1 IC'.Udw cooo«u tlowai.1.Jk 11,:,t li..!:cN t hr- 1lur:,I musde f:hl!t'.
poU+m grain: num:itutt' male iattomer~: th..- pvrtioo of:1 1.kd1.'Ul
dt<: bbd(' ti) the $tc"u1 p mero phyle g..-1}('1'Jnnn of~l"l.i Ur~u,.
phagoc:y1e; :mr cdl Ji.it ,:origu16 odwr pl.1,nr.s. 11111M'.letibl!t'bl!C..,.,~<"llli1o."WM
r't'Ceptor: a .1l!'ffl..- o~:a11 ('1( ~ sp«uJaed
, elk imimfo1g l)(:lct•"fl:l.ur 1,n1:1U pollin,ufon.: t.hc ddiv"°ry l-w ,Yind. c-nd of;a SeJJ$OI)' l)Cu mn tlm n"C<'M'S xlj:11.'cm Z llilo.'j dur 1s rousi.lm:d
foreign p.ut,, I..-,:. walL-r, ,., .,mm;,I,; o r poD,•u en d'II: stirnul16nm lht" cnvi.mnmctQ.
the fu.l.:tionll tlHit of.t IU}'Olibrll
phahinx.: :i. boo..: ofd ..- fu1~r o r t(l(!. uvu~ ufI lel•,I plam , lc:,Jtu~ w r«"tuJU! rhc- re-mun.ti pon.iou oftbe s.1,'ll.11na:op<'n gr.iss.!.tnd wnh SCJll-ctt-d
pharynx: the ~ion ofthe fi.r1ilix..at i,1t1 g.;,urvlJ1testi,u l 1r.11,,__ .htf'.'.>c:(1'1 ,ht"
polypeptide : .a u«)l>('uk- ofuuuy ugmoi,I culon and J ~ :111.11r:m:11 OT<K
i:;,utromt~tin.l! tr:'ICl :iod l\."S!)lt"ltOry
!'llll!llO ::iclt'k l!.nkc-d b)• pi,:,dJ.c bond~. reflex urc; the ba:,,.1~•o.0 1'1dc.u:t1,10 Scbwarsn oell:$C'e 1A'.11mb11,1~·y.e.
syst<'m )o.._";l(ro :it dtc b.1ck ofthe oral pons: the poruon olthe brlm seemJu~
:ind nJ.,.'11 c.wn.ics 1111d t'>.'tffldin~to d1c p::ithw::ir thrt,ush the llct\lOUS ~ystcm.. nr\(;Jcr;r tilt" 01.,r<'f w hile IJ)tt
l.uyn:t :intcnorly .:and d1.c ~oph:igu~ ;iho\'° ,he m«iidll l)blon~t;i and ~"011M)CU\~ uf :i feu:,;urr ncun,o. a ll
fl')m,,·k..-Jy; ~ko r:,Rffl ,tic_. thrc.1t. :.m,:,l'iorto dlc ,mbdh nu__ um:rnctltOn {.u.od.w011). ::ind :1. ( ou1i.-1:1n.•e ti~u._. tk,1 f..1nm t)lt'
popn1ation: all rhe ~rg.uusin'.'- ofdie motor neuron.
phen ol) '(M": the .tpfl"..U-.Uk'•• o f ,µ1 ~;1111t' ,pc,"l"i,::,; in :, p.:i.nk ubr Jn,·• i(lfl rcgcncr;1rion: rc~1m<.•th of ti!$UCor tht" pn1tn-1i1,,~• t:O•..~rmg oft he <..ye.
fomution of,1 coo1.ple11.· o~u1ism .sclerea,chyrua: ~uppo1tu1~ tissue iu
(IJ'l:,;ll~lil .::.tuk-d by di(" gtm)t}1'C pu~leri,,r (Jonal); cuw.ml the b:,.:k. from .i port10tl
n:nal· pt"n.m,ing h.> 1hr ladnf1'. pl.u1c.s cun1p<w:.I ofhollt>w &X:U. w idl
:md c 11 n n1u1 11,•n1:1! mtl l.K'11t't.''t. prtdaticm: <h e 00t:)miuprio11 (,{l111c rem,I curpu.~fo: di..- f)(Ht1,1u of ,ructcned w:il:i.
•ffWUIIMn by auod1t-r. soolex: flc:id ~ gion ot .i. t:ip..-..\\')fflt.
pbttonaoue:J. cht:rnt<::tl ~l'r(•tcd by die 11,:,pbroo cunft!nllg ofchc .K;romm:., polK h of,skm d);-it c0tu.111'tS
prt"gnancy: .1. co111d11fon ui \\hti:h :i pu111eruJu,. .a:,td :i gf<1t11erul.\r L~.q,,~ilr-. th<' rcsces J.nd their .ic<eisar\' ori:;tns.
onl' o~usm tlut inlfu~'!KC$ the thu::ile bl.<. :'I dc\'Clopin~ omprin;t Ul rtnal pi;,tvis: the inotr ~.tvuy ofd1c se.l.Mc.001.1$ gland: ...n ~·,·x:rmc glmd of
bch:ivior ofaoothcr. the uterus.. kid:t>e}' tbnnrd by the -c:q1,1nd,-d tht' 4:in 1lur -t.t'fT<'l(o< i;~m1, :111 ciily
phloem: ...~sn1hr ru.~uo! in pb.ms due umer, uno wtuch the c:a!yccs open.
tu.mpom nm.riems.. pttuatal: rhc pe11od ofoftipn1~ ttnewable resource::i commod.uy prcite.:tn'i' pmJ.u d .
phou,,, ,~ iodism· , he t<'Sp()ns<: of:m dc.,.ebpment dur.mg preg11,ulcy~ ch.u is nQt tHOO up tK-,:.usc ir
, wg,mwm co pn-nnh u(tigli. :md <iu¼ hcfnf"\"bmti ~ nmnnnally rrnrluc~ m 1l1t< weoudary grawch: phiu gmwd1
in girt!. bum S!!cum!.uy ,;,r latt'rnl
photMynlhe11is: thl.! pn1<.'ti)r ofu~us: i -r: ·•~mi-1111• Llt:11 are lc•u,:I r.• .a ,·1w inm1ne11t. 1nc1inc1n,.
tllC' <"l'l«gy ciftllt' ')'II U to m :1k.1."
<=:.lfl)()!iydr.1r-,: fn:u n t::irb.:,u diox.i,11.! pn~d:itur. rtplit:atiun: th..- pm'"""~ ofpru<'.ocmg :, u~d: ::i pbm cnlbfyo with :i food
pnuluc:~r. ,,r~111111Cm< ,vithiu :111 ,lurlic.at~ :• copjill$ or ,l11plk·.ati.:1ti,
:ind \\~t,:,r. 1ud, a., l)."\IA n-pll'\!:,uun. !'($(1'''° th:11 i-s \'.'lldilSC..-1 m ,1
t..'t'lX}'lll(1l1 th :lt fy11!h~°"12e ml':,mc protcCti\.-C .s,-cd C(~c:.sccds devc-lop
photocropism: pl.mt sio,,.,·th or i:oiui,01.tnds from inor~uli.: ttspiratiou: m,,., exch:lll!,;l"ofivucs lrom mJturtd oi.'Uk~.
tnOV\"lll.:tw m ~ ponsc ro .i b<-t'vceu the extern,J cir..'lrottulcm k' mcn; rhc- <.('('1'(1)1)11 oh hc l'l;'f'10fl t1,:m,e
ru.~uouJ.I bp;bt sour(c-. conntrurnu.
prokaryO((l; l)fgllll\nl,.SlKh JS J me;ind cl)(' cdls of:in O,~llNm: u~au,; oftl)C' m:ili!-, l.'<m,iui11~ uf
physiol~ thC" 9::1cn<'.e rM M.tls "\\'lth Spt..TIU3r,.).2(1(1:uu:I :i.J.:hll\o\.""S.
JIC' ~u.-ly (lr bo:ly limctimt~ b:aneritun. d:w l.t~-b lhe specfabzcd mct:iboh, :ict'.Plity ofcell!. resuJtingrn wmilunar \"71Jv~:,·~nlt~ h.;,pr-d
org.mdl~ dlJ.t1)Cten<0c ofrontplc."t dt<: producocui ofA11! he:'trf .,":tin~ p<).\it:ion.:(I 11" d~
phytuplanktun: 111icn,,;c,1f»C. frce- nitina: 1'1.. in11..,.- b)\"1' oi th<' t")~~wind,
llo:mng, pl101.-xpwh,'<i.- org:mN111<. r<'H<., couu.uu d1..- n)(b .ind t..'Olld . Cl!trJJ".Co.'i ro !he :\Ort) :UHi t he
tlw :1f\' tli,: m:,Jc)r prnn.,ry pn,dn,;er;;
_proprioceptur: :i s:•11<,wr flL-r\~ c:rn.kng rhi:,.,ncne·.111 111xlc:rg,rum,;I Ut'tu pu.lmoiury owik.
m tttdwr.1l'Cr :'titd OU! U\e o."<'O~'}tc'JlU.
pia 1uater: the inno.~tmon m..-niit.x.. 1h;,1 n-.;pm, d~ 111 .-ii:intr, m lt'I\U!ln m $C111ie pl;111t.,, llu t )lore.~ SCUM)ry u~uron:.1 ni:n,;- c;d ltl~t
conducts .m unpu.hc from ,1 tei::-ptor
whkb rs in dmx-t conuct with the iil a1mi.d..- ur uu.lun.. ,ophut06yntfu'lic l,'tudliCtS aud i 1\'h or~n co th<' cnunl ncr,"Ous. sy,.tcm:
bnul llld spiu:iJ c'-'«1. prostate: 1 w:11.ti-ur-dllJX'd ~ iuJ ako , :,11;~1,!IJ'ffl'1J1 lll'llrt.fl
pineal gland: ,1 9l).ll coue-sh:ipt'd ris.c roots .md .ibo,-e-waund m:1m
gbml kw:1t('cl 1n , hi' 11'W)f1,f,h.- 1hml .surtoonding the mak urcdtnjus.t ;md lc-.t,'t$... ~pal:.Oult'ru1<:,,,,1 wboriof t\m'L-'f
\'l!U!nd... ,1rd11.• hr.1111•. bd°"' d1e unn,)ry b bddttd1o1t rod. ::i photM,-cc-poo-r in the- ~rit.'l ,011cu11<'" b¢.:1w.a1.h tile' fll"I:.-~;
pi..1-il;:1n:p~11...-ti," uruc;t1tre ()f ., ,s('('.:tttes .in Add.all\'!: to scminJJ tlujd ofthe ('t'ofe that b ,1:"«ial1zc-,i tOC L"<1'1lc~ti"" ly c-.J.!ed t bo: udyx.
!l;;m l'.!r crn11p<>\<·rl oft ht ~lj!:111;1,\'>1yll!. durmg rj,lcubuon. cnforlc,._<,.<\im- lipn ,i<.ion
prot(lin ·;a rn:,crnmnl('(1il,: ,:ompl)S('cl ('If s-trous membraue: :in epithelial ::ind
:md (>\o'!'ery. root: tl, c .uwhuri11i,: .<uht<~rr.u\e:u, coiutcctl\te wsuc mo.~mbr.toc-- lfm
m 1t lJI' ~ \'t:r:,I p•ilypc!rc:,cli!'-. lines body (J.vitics :m.-1 CO\.l't'S \isccrJ:
pith: :i cc-ntnlly 1Ul'1tl.'d tt."1UC' within :1. poro(ln (:I(.i pl:,;.,, d~ pc:nmt-1 llso c:illcd .um.s,t.
dicot Jt<"nt. pn.Hhallur .i fie;1n-~ d w un-nrc
dial i.1. tl11:· ~m<~k•phyte- gt'll t!f.'11iuo :1bs11rptjun am1<'1111tlur.i ion IIf w:11er su.imoid b0t1•:J. membranou.s bon\'.'
pimitary Walld: ::i sm:il . pc:i-s.Jupcd :·,r,d 1111111,T.ah.
endocrine gl.i.nd sm1.nt'J. on the ofa ~rn. lt)rm("il m :i 1cnl1.(m m l'("<.p(11)S(' to
mfcnl)( -stnf.ice afrik' brain du, proto11::1 1ub:irom.i\ pomck 01tfu' root cap: cud mN ot pucnchyma cell• joiut ) Ire,,._
dut protects tht" .i.pk.il m-crisrem cf u-.ssiJe :Mb";U)iSlns di:11 blk tou)111ot1,,111
\C'crert'< ;1 111unl1C"r , ,(t,,1rm<lfll'-.;;,1i<,1 .uom nud~ thll lw. :i \\-C~t of
unc .:uonuc m1>s mtit :u.td .:.trnc11 :I l'\')()t. and r•m1:1iu <t,1ti~1tury.ui,tl :u
cJ.tle,I tli..- f,J1pq,/?'·•i'1. pos.itl\'e dl:ug,:::ik• c.tllcd :i /rrd,.,t,·11
plac:C!n ta: d1e< O tt;AU c,( ml'(,,hc,hr j,,,., rooc bai.r: wtfoeUubr ..-pidennal .~~,o~ ::ind ~•l::u1u,.
proje..-ttnn from rht" root of.t pL1m shooc poroon of:i v-.a.scubt pl.J.m du t
t'.itdl!'mg,: l:,..,1\\\.-.:.·11 t1111: mo!l,oer :111d pn,xi:ini,I: , lcWT to t ht' nucllln<' nf1h r-
d u1 liuu:bn l"- 1.11 ,11"orpti,1u htd udes• •cm ''-ich in br.t11,:hes
the frtllS. l,uJy urongul of .1•.u 2Pf.>en.:l:i#; ruga~: d1..- tot.I> or m lgo.-s (,{tilt.: :tnd lc:ives.
plank.ton: lQWtic. O"!X-tlo,11.inp. •'flr<-"·u.- ,'lf,lt'>u I .s.inoaa-ial (SA) node::i nuss of
l•u b(-rty: tlw t'cri\xl c,fhunuo w u ,:r.n:, of:111 nrg.u, c.1rdi:t,: R"6uein tht"wJ.ll<>fdx nghc
111.i,~ropic <irp,\1)11ll. Lll'Vl."lopme1u: ul wluch d1¢ .:n ri um 11ut inituU"'I d1(' .-.an.li.ai: c-yd..-;
saginal: :e \'<:ttec-J.l pboe chrough the :ilw .-:iH..-tl 1hi:• P-Jrn,1<lko.
plasn.ta:tbc thud. o..·u~cdluLlr pornon t\.-produnt'-"t' oiw:-is become bod}' th:it div-ides 1t inro rig.ht .i.nd '-inui;· " r ;11nry 1,lf" 1100uw ,p.,,:c: w11hm a
funcci,:u1.1L ldi p<ittions. hod)' o~:lu uteh as :I b.:inl'.
"'d n::lJarfoi; tfoOO. skde.-aJ m.u.scle: i l)'p,e ofmusde
plasrid· ,m nrg:,nt'fl(' m rhl" cdl of pnl.tnonary: pc1tJ.1ll.inp. to the tun~. Stiiu.ity: s:tlnness Ul w;w:, orsoil: ::i nwe m.lt Ii multinudeued. occur1
pupil: dle q,eni.ng rhrotmh the ins dl:Jr m<':t'.'-ttre of1he coocci'lrration of tn bw.tdlu . h.b c~j,,l)in<ls of
.:.err.1i11 p~mb d1.,1 i\ d 1t-,imi l<,r io)(>.I pror:cms. .md COIU:l'l('t,S enhc-r Ul :I
nw.,11,farmrc ;ind q,ora_ge. p~1in. . glu en p-:.t~ thrrmgh th(' 1~'-" ~b<4ok~cl <,Jiu,, '"b.1m:1ry or in,-olum.1ry £>sh ion.
pfatdeb: r,:,g111<"11u uf~fk-ci.fic hon!!
1n.urow cd h th:11 fonl'tl<lll 111 b lood 11nd t'ut1.-r 1Jw pou,~nu r c.ivecy.
, 0Ji::t,1baon: :\.ho calJcd rhrct11b:l(J·te..

303

• A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Loooratory t axonomy: d u: sc.io:'Uco: ofdt'SCribing. Ut()rine tube: th,e mbi: 1h('(1Ugh
llmaU infc:~tirw: die portion -oftlw .1sl;1rc.h : orl:iuhyi.lr:ue mol«·lJI! ..-14~-.iftmg. ,111,I n.uning urg:ini,.m-1. wlnd1 the- (l'l.'llnt 1-. a.1:ns:po11cd In
1he uterus J.nd where t',:n1Jiu uo11
~'t:roint_·m11:ll Ir.k t b.:.-t~WCll t he synthcs.izcd &um phO<M)-lllhcci, tcrulu c:;ilc a ucuto;: 1:h,: r~mlou th:11 1,.1k,:,; pl:wr; :,I-en .-,,Ilt>,·I 1'1.- ,,,.,dJt,J OT
pm .:l11ct,\; com mon li'.x),l 'lhlrA~
stonuch ;1.nd <he e1.~. um: tu:nrnons ,ubsi.:inc..- :n 1na,iy pb.m~ :tlt:'1<'-h~ d)C e.Jimuscks co dtc fl1IL•JJU11r11J......
Stele : the \'.'ISl.'.Ubtf"i»l)C' :md pith or e,;Je.u'lc.'1,u~bo11<·. ute rus.: :t bol!ow. m1.ucufar <)tg:'tn ul
in Jbs.orpoon offood rrutri<nG. te-tido-n:J. b:,nd of.tcftS>.: n-gufat
&m ooth nu.tscle; J tff'\" ofmosd.:, ground t~uc- :lt rhe cemr:il core of• eonnccri-:c osme chu attu hc:1 \\ lud1 :t f~ius dl....d up1.; !o(::·,tOO

DSSU(' dl,lt i,; norutri,ut-d. o:11np~-d root orslt."m muscle to bone. wt1!1m d\c.' fc11uli: pd\'1s tx·m',:.,c11
c,ffi~form :ind sindo:--11l1d..-..11<'l.-l testis; rh<- prun:iry n:prodi.Kth<t- the urinMY bfadd..-r :ind the rco:tum.
stigma: dlt upf!<"r pomon ofrhe pisnl uvula;~ rbh): pendulous poroon
lihl'l"\.,:,rnl o)mr:11-1$ in :an Ofl;ILR of.:i m:.k wtuch produces
im'UlunL'lry, rhydum.c l~h:-1)0 wirhiu (lr:J rlowt:r 'f'(rm:,to..:0.1 ;ind mi lt- :It"~ nf tn.-, oH:1ulJ.1~ ,h,,, t-loc~ the
tl,.- w.Jb of t•l,i.:·,-r.J OJWiffl l1o n m)f1 ~
solu ce: :i ji!JIIM:lflCi.' dmolwJ iu ;i j:IClo1na: .u1 upt:umg Ill:, rl:1111 1.-..d" nJSOplurynx during ~lAfllk,,.ving.
t1truugh whid, ~ c:.:di:·ul~· ukl·J t etr"l'°d! 1 f01tr-:lpfJl.'IXi.l~J
s,,)lvem to f0tm ::i ~hcion. pbce. vcrtebt:ltc. suclt .ts :tmphibi:in. tl-pc-ik, ._,.cuoli!: :, 11ui..l fiHe1I ~.i11.-lit-,
soh·e-nt: .1 Ouid si.1dl .u W'lttt dut bir..l. ur uuih111:1l V11gim,: :·, cubu!~ o~m ,h:,c le:,~l~
~tomach: .l puud ,,.lih'> diw,.'Sow ("tt.lJl
M~I\,~ ~ Uf(j, bctm:cll dx C1oph:lj::US :tlld the thoracic: pm.Uni11f; to dtc chest i'ro,11 dK" UlCl'US t• d l e \.\.'"Stibuk
somark: pc-,uiu:.n~ to the oorrvuar.il duoden um, ufll,c fcm:11· n:p~iduellw tr:td
R:,;Klll , ~nd r«dvi:1 the nuk pcnlS dur1ni
parts "fd1t< body ~ le: rhc Ion~sl('nder pomon oftf,_,e
M;m1.:1lic; ~,ilk:111 d1c- ,;,;;".ll<ofthe lx, dr ptsnl Ot 3 lfO\\\'r, 1h0Nx · the t' hO(. COltw.

of ,1n or~ 1rni,.m cx.-'(·pt 11~ g,.-rm Mlbm.uoosa:" l,ryt"T nf,<;opport1\'t': th)•mus gland:1 bilobcd lymphoid V;1scular t i.uu« p bnt ttml(' comJx«d
,•cuu~iw IJ\'.llt' thJ• ur11.lt'l'lu$11 Of&1R p l),';tt)(l1)Ct-l m d1,: upper ot'"Yklll .;nd phloem: foocuon.s in
C('lli. umc;um 111,-iubr:,uc. tn<',lu,;tirn un, pcw!rri,,,r h i dw transport ofw.tt<'r, nucrt<:ntf..and
phn11-,,.yni hrti,· pto<!ur.:t.\ 1h rr.111gl,otn
, oru, : .l d u,t er o f 1,.pur:u 1g1:1 011 tl1., SUCt->ttsion: the i'-"9U~-.1,e of <.·,-oJQSi,.-..-.1 «~·u11111 :'11111 b,._-tWl~n the lu.11~ . t.l1e pC1-11t.
~t~ by wh1l'h .a p:irtJcub, hioti(' tissu~ .u1 3st(n.1tui<)f1 ofs.i.m1b r cell\
uu dtni.:k- ofth'n pinuu-. C'-OIUUllJIIJf}' ttr.u:lu:tlly eh.'11.l~'S Wllil wgetati"e: pl:utt p:uu uot spl'ei:iliu <l
specie,s; a i::roup ofntOfl-\hofog,c.illy riterc 1s 1 comnmllity 01' d11n:lx. :md thl-ir bimlmg ).l.1h~1:111l't:"'I.J(>i11l'l:I (,,r n:pm:.luctivu: ~xu:al
,-ci;et:itlon. to p,.<rfrlmt .t ,iecifit liuK'll('.lll. n.'pNdli.:ti ,o.
itn•l1r{common iJ'llt ~\001) tongue:J. pmmu.ibk muscuhr ~
01'),tlllll.ll" th:.1 ltt' tt-pmductivdy sucrose,: a d!s!o:o:-hmdc {douN-e sup.,:) oo the lfooroftbc or.rlc.\\1l)', wi.ns: blood wsseb th:tt con\'l.Y blood
isobt«I Jnd c.1p.ibl(' or mrerbrttding consas.n:ng ofii b.nkrd glucose :ind coxin::. poisooOl.t'. compou.nd 1o•w:i.rd tht be:1Jt.
J.D•. pmdn,;-11'@ frrnk· offipring. in,rlQlol: mnlcl:iilc:: ,~ pn1)dp,,I t.rachca: .; nibuk- in ,he mrit,UOf)'
•p~r-rna tic: c:ord.: die \tnlt'h m.• oi d ,e $Y'ltc-111 ('I( ...c)me invt'f'1chr:11~: tho: ~ntnll (11n, ~rior) ·1M\':ll'i"I lhe fn:m1
ui:.le n:pnxloctiw ))\'Cl'111. l'.ompu(OO tr,1n,po11 ofuig;u- in rl:mts, :iln.~.ay 1.-:,d.iug f1rnn th~ brp1ll 10 1l11e .surface ofd1t body.
ur d1r.- .lurcu~ (..·,ii) ll1:fr.n-rti., • urflll e Um C: :1 il..!b,,.t:m lX-pnld111:(XI ll)1 broncl:.i m t b,· t1~. pir.Uur'y s~tcm of
:,pcnJ.U.(R' \'c,-'>t'~. lll"f\tC,Ul:111.U(CtU' ,,l'ftd:w.it("",:,l..o c:ilr.-tl 11~ w•'11;lp•'p••· , -ettf'brate::,n ;ininul th-lT ro~~,::s ;i
musd c. 1nd OO!li!ct:ttvc wsuc. dtc.' ii.mg"' th:1t clc-1'.l'\!:1\~ d,r.- iurfa,'t'
sperma,ogenesis:,~ prodnrooll or trace i b.w..U.- ofncrw tiben w1thu1 VL"r11~hnl ~u!umn .
C.:m 1ul'l w 1Lb1n d,~ pu huu1ury the t''l". lltr.lJ OCl"\'OU. ~}"'StC!l L \'l'!\ t.ibular foW:.: the )l.1pporlu)i ti)Jd..
m.'llc St"S ~,1metes,or vcrm,110.zo,1 ::.M.-oli.
sunuec • E}T<' Of rnmw,,•.;ble JOlnt t rait: :s duringuishinp. f.-:uu~ m1d1ed nf ti.Uut- t(ir t l ll' \OC:tl rulil'I witluu
spennatozoan: :l sp«m cc-U. or ;i1m ulM.ingb~-.'«ll l)()f'lc:<; CJ( thc-
g;mictt m heredity. dh : b t)i lX.
slml. uarupi.Ntiou: thc- cv.;por.;rion of \'estiliuJar witldow: o membt:11\C'-
,rhinct,,r; :, 1;1n,'l1hr1111t1,·1e 1k ,1 S)1llbiosis: J do"<" .6sod;inon bc-twttn
c11u!l.!r11'1) .i. h1>.ly op,-,uug u r d~ \\':Her fruo1.l k-af. whKh pulls wam covn'C'd opening m the bony w .;11
l11t1tl'U o f., 1uh1hr,ltft1('1Un" l W O nr§ink,m in ,1:l1u·h nnl' (lC° hoth b("l\\'effl die nud,-11c:.and 11111crc;n
"I)(.'~-,.~ dc rr1.•t- i.)eudi1, 6-om tht" rooa 1h,u11gl1th.- ~1cm ('Of intowbich dtc foo1pl.tteofd1e
spinal c:onJ: d,e poru11n o(du• ..".\:111-nl ~y,np:uh11tic~(lc'M:1imng tn ih:,t :, bf. .smp,:" fits: .tlio c.,lkid ,totu14/ 11V,.vl.io1•,
ncn~U)i~'!t.::1n th:it ,·xtc11<h from p.'lrl u f tlw .uuunumic 1k."1'\'01U fricu~pitl n lve; tlk' lk';sn v,1h't' vi.'I-CCl':t' d1r <•~ n~w11 hm 1h,•
s~~CIU (!\l!ll'tl'll•'<l v; 1th :leO\'nics ll<'IW\'lc-u d11! r ig!1t 3mu:m :m,I th t." 2bdomu\:J ,,r thur.,c:ic: c:l1i ul..,,
lhc br:u.n stem th!Oup;h lhc \'eftcbl'll :im:igoc.tisuc IC> die pu.uymp:uhctk.
c,uul s p1~pse: 1 m1Dlltl' sp.i,;:c: between nilu wntt!cle: :ihu ca.llcd n.,~(11 vitreou ll h u.m(lor: ,t,.: tr.111~11 l:'):'i
spinal nu"-.: o,~ ofthe 3 1 p,lits 01 the :lX. on tcrntiu:.l of.i prcs}n:lptic t1Jn~,_,tl11tUJ1!Jr ntll 'I'.
nm'd th:11 :1nsc: tium tbc spin.ii ncuroo :ind l dendrite ofl turg:or pre.uurc:oso:i,ooc pressur<: d1J.1 lh .)I <l>Ctupin. lhc sp:l(."\c' 1.,,._,h'. <'<'!I clw
cord, ro~)·u:,pcir- ncumn pro~ld«. rii::,d1ry ro :t eel.
tympauic mcr.1i br.ine: dle lens :t1hl rcuu.'l ofd"" eye.
, p i rac:11.!·J "-""Pl.t'Jtory (l(~ ll ml_t m ~)"Utr-'"•r: un i1ff1ofguue t..-i in sexml nlC'rnbnnot1"1. ,:-J,mnnn JW"iidonl'd ,-ocal folds: lolds ofdle mu;,:ou~
R-pr o,fon w n ; (cn1li,•4Qon be twee u t he n III l't" ,<:ir ;u1<I II u,11II('
CC'rt.lln ,m 1111:i.k ,;nrh ~ ,1rchl'O('(>(b. ('¥: also cJil«I 1ho: tyr1•~·11111m, or 1he mc,nbr.;ne in tht btynx ih:it
.uid d1:irk.... -')1l.U\'i ;1] t:~v-ity: .1. \~ O:c t~t,wtn 1'1~ mm'mot1, produ«: sound :is d1cy :tl't' pulled
t,\u bonn (1f:. jplOVUIJOtrU, tiDeJ uut .Uld vibrated: ;iko cJl1ed nx.J(
spi:Tillum (p l. llpi.rilla): .a llpi~•slrnp,-d Wtth J}'llO.'i:ll flu.id. wubiticaJ cord: .; -:ord-hkc mt1cturc
b:.cter'ium. co111.1miug di e umb1lial 3fK>J'ks :ind r,;rik
s)--«c-ru.:.; woop ot'body 01g;11u tha ,<etn due c.onocru t bc JC'tus v.1.th dlc
'l)leen::l large, blood-li!JC'd org,m (w-,,:uon tO!$dlct. vuh-a: t hr.- e.~t:•m.:tl geni1:1li:1(Ji ilk'
loc;ned m the upper ldiofthc pbcem:l. fruuk d ut tirt\Jottu,I chi: \!fK-ili(tS
Jbdomcn .;J>d .;10,hcd by ,.be s ys.tole: die n;usntl.it contrA·DOJ1 of nfllw v.1gi1u; ;ilr,o l':1UOO t he
mR'ntt"nes Io1he i;tom.t,:h, me" \'t'ntnrlc<- ofthe h('art tforu,g mnbili,cu s;tht :stu• ,. .,J~ tht 1unl:11J)C:)I
tlk' ,'"%nk11; i:)1·lt-, Jnd1•1id11111.
,po ngy hone:· ;i 'Yl'r.- nfh('Onl' ch-M cm,I v.m .111:u;h<',l 111 th<' f<'Ul\;,,1l,o
Cot1CJ.11u m:iny JX:uo,,~i~n.; .tbu S)'lllOli.: preUt1n!: krtl.'TW b lo(>d <.·alled lik' 1Am{ u"OOO: interior ~ue of.1 tre-e-
c:,llc-rl rJ1u-rll,.,m bm11•, £'f't''1Utf1' duriu g d ,.- \ 'e'll lflcubr un~ter: :1 t uh,:- th:11 tr:m,iport\ urmo:, composed or,-"<'ond:iry xylem.

,p <>mugiurn: :ioy ~ructuw w1d1i11 ~y!llolu.' p}U).t" ofd1e c~nb:1( eydl!. fn.im dlt' lotlnC}' ft, tho." uriu:u-y ;(,(l()Spore: J tbgdt.11<'t1 o r dl1J1ed !,pOI'(>
wtlid i Sf"ll"d l «· r-roJuccd. bbddet. p n,1l11,:f'(I ~ -~u:1Tiy hr -11;)111(' pnUl'lh,
taproot: l pb.nt root srm·m m whid1 1 urethra: .l rnb,e dui mru.pon.s urine
spore(1 rcprodncch"<' cdt C-,'J.\lbr 01 unpt; rl'.>OI is ittlck .uxt strllgfu:. fu:im die ~tl'in:1.1')' bladder to d\.:- :C:)"gtrte-:;1 lhtill~.I .:l:Q,! cell !~,rmed by
dc-,,elopui,g nHO 111 :idt>lt or19-01.,m oou!dc ofd1e body. 11,e 11111<10 nf,. -cpo,u :,ml :m ()l\,'\1111
\\ithout iu.t0n \\1Eh .mOfhcr cc-IL t&rget ori;au:d1c.sp«1ric body OJJ;i:ii 11ri11ary bfadd cr. ,1 dis«·nubk· s:1e m
th.it ~ l'l.l 11Ku.hrhor,nonc- :llfccu. d1{' pt'iv1('. ,·:wit)' 1h:,1<otOl't'tl 1mnc-,
sporophyU: modified k a\~ lh:u bear
nn<' nr m<)J"e ,;p1)r:rng,., tan u s; perr.unmg co th,: .mk1.:; 1h,e
pn~llinW pmtmn ofd,e khlt 1h.11
, unwu; J. ll'J1'f<.11.lm:t.i\'t Mructul\• ol:,
rtn11.ut~ the t:iN-11 li<l111C'(
flr11,,•c,,c-om~ ~I nf;t lil,mem Jll•~
.u1 ;mlh :'r, wln'R' pulMI gr:11m ;ire
pl\)Juc ...:t.

304

Index

Acheta tfomestiea, 188 11lu1ricellular, 35 hacill1, 27 Hrandn·os-1<m1a, 20 1, 202- 204
pollinators, 124 8ac.illu$ megaterium, 29 bread mold, 136
Aclnumr,,es flexella, 38 reproductil)it/sex organs, J49 bromc grass, 146
aeon, wc,rnis, J94, 199 sext..al di.morphism (birds}, bocreri,, I. 27, 30 brown algae, 56-59
c.lassifica rjon, 28
Acropora, 159 219 b ryophyres/Bryophyr,, 67, 74-75
tissues, 1, 11 cc,njugmion, 29
Actmis.t:ia, 200 endosymbiosis, 35 Bubo 1,·irgiuianus, 2. 19
Actinoprerygii, 200,207,229 onnelids/Annelida, 172, 1 7J Bullock's oriole, 2 '1 9
Anopheles rnosquito, 42 nitrO!,~n4 fixing, 29, J O burdock seed, 134
Adianlum, 90, 91 nonparhogcnic, 27 Ruturide$ rundermlli, 217
Aepyceros melampus, 22 1 Anopla, 172,173 c,blig.at_e and fuculr;ativc, 27 buttercup root, 109
Alue-rifonnes, 2 l 7 org;111elles, 35 burrcrfl r, 19 1
African sleepir\g sickness, 42 :imd ope, 22 1,222
Agalyc.lmis callidryas, 20 I, 209, A.nthcx-eroph>•ta, 67, 7 3 phvtosynthctic, 27 monarch, 188
A111hoceros, 7.3
21"1 Amhophora 11rbana, 124 baker's )'east, l 39 spicebu:;h :;wallowmil, 18 0

Agkistrodou p,sdvorus, 243 A111hopleum so/a, 158 h;1lanrid i:1sis//Ja/antidium coli, 44 ca.;..-rus, 118, 128
Anthozo.., 15!1--159 Callipcp/a cdlif.>mh:11, 2 16- 217
:1gn:lth:m-:, 2C)() antibi(\tics., 141 Balsnmorhiu,/Bals,m1or/Jiza C.1mcroon ca(..-c.ilian, 209. 21 0
A.ntilompr., a,m•rkana, 2.22 sa.~ittata, ·123) 126
Ailamhus silkmod1, 188, 190 ca11d)' lufr~ 122
Aix S/JQu SII, 219 A/1a fone spinifera, 214 ha1uboo, 122 Omtarella. 142
algae! 44,57.See also brown Apfmnitomcuon, 34 8angia, 6 1 C',apsella burStJ4 f,t1storis, l 29
capybara, 222
algae; golden algnc; green Apitomplexa, 4 2 barberry, leaf, 117, 146 carbohydr~ue:s, carbohydrate
OOrk, angiosperms
•lg;,•; red algae Apis meW{em, 18S~189 molecules, I, 67
:1 llig:.1tors, 1·1S Apodiformcs order. 217 birch tree, 11 3 CArnegiM gigautea, 1 18
conifers, LJ3 Camivora order, 2.21
J\/ligalor ndss,ssipp,c,ms, 215 appl,, 132 c,:.1rril.1ge, hy;ilint: and dastic, 14
Ara anmmna, 2 l 7 barley smut spore, 4 Car)'bdc-11 sivkkisi, 158
Allium, 117 Easidiomycota/basidiom}·c(..1:<.-s,
Allophyltts leaf, 1 I 5 Arachnida~ 179 c:it
Autanit~ 142 Araucaria heteropl,ylla, I0 1 142, 143
ArlMcUJ, 199 arteries and veins, 260
Auutrantims, L26 puffballs, 144 .brnchlutn :rnd antebr:ichium,
A mblyrl,ynchus cristattts. 2 l 3 Archa ea, 27, 28,30,35 has1lisk/&s-iliso,$ plwnifron.s, 213
Archisr,irostnptus g;gas, 193 257
Aml>ystoma mexh'•..mmn, 209, Archosauria, 200, 215,216 basswood fomalc urogenital sysrc.m, 26],
210 loaf, 11 7
Arenaceous, 4 1 262
American avocet>218 Aristolochia stem, 112 root, I09 he::irr, 259
American daner, 218 Armadillidium, I RJ male urogenlral syscen1, 261,
Bathynomus, 1::,:o
American kestrel, 21, armadiUo, 222 Batrachoc.bytrium deudrobatidi6, 262
Amocbas!Amoebozoa, 4 J :irrowroor, 126 muscles, 256
amoebic dyseriter); ~ 1 Artemla g1/im,, 180 135 neck and chorax, 256, 257

Amoeba /}roteus, -11 orthropods/Arrhropod:i. 179 Barmd,osp<.-rmum, 61 skd eron, 255
Arthrospff'a, 34 skull, 255
amphibians/Amphibia, 200, Artiodacryla (.lrdcr, 22 1 har~ Ma laysi:m frnit1 221 shoulder aod brachium, 257
209-210, 230. See al.so frogs As(11ris, l 76- 177 Bazzauia, 69
thigh and leg, 258
color, 2·1·1 i\$c/ef,ias, 13J 1,e.,ks {b ird ), 218 trunk,257, 26 1
Caulastrea /urcala, 159
Amphipriou mchmop11s, 207 ascornycer.es/Ascomycorn. beans,garden an<l lima, 131 cdl(s), l. See 11/so at1irnal ceUs;
amphium:,'4mpl,iunut means, MCQSpures, l 40
hee:s a.s pollin:trors, 124 plant cells
209, l l0 fruiting bodies, 139 iJl!rberis leaf, 117 eukaryoric, l, 1., l49
life cycle, 138 Bettd.,1occideutalis. Jl 3 mem brane, l
Ampln>m, .38 Biddulphi,r, 38 oeutoglial, 10
Auabaena filament, 29 parasitic, 139 prokaryocic1 t
unicellular, ·139 Rllareri.1, 149 cellulose, I, 67
Auaxyrus cencipcdes, 179, 193
asexuaI reproduction, 17, 18 binary fission, 18 centrioles, 3
marmHS: 210 :1sh St(.;m, 1"I 2 Bipalium, ·161 Q ,phalochordata, 200,202
w<.>0dhnusii, 109 birch tree bark, '1 1J
Aspergil/11s, J41 birds, 200, 216.See also Aves cephalopodsiC, phalopodn,
anemone aster/Asieraceac, 123, 131 169-171
disk, 159 beaks, 218
sea, 159 Asterias, 23 sexual dimorphism, l 19 Ceratiwn, 40
sun burst, 158 Astreus, 142 Cerddipl,y/111111 leaf, J 15
bison/Bisou bison, 222 cerehellum, 16
Lube, 158 Ate/opus ;cteki, 135 hivakcs/Riva)vfo , 168- 169 G!rebran,lus lactens, 173
::mgi<.lSpcrm&, 67, J06, 107 Audouinella, 61 Blaberus giga,tleus, 187 <..~tace:1 order, 221
blackberries, 134 Chacnomel,•t ;apouk,1, 121
bark, 113 A.urdia1 157 Chamaesi{'hon , .B
flowers, ]19-124 Aves. 200,2 16-219 b lackbird, Brewer's. 217

le•ves, 113,114, 116 :1xolorl, 209,210 black widow, 180
life cycle, 115
axons, 16 b lastub, 14 9
pistol, 122 Aytl,ya Ameriama. 2 16-2l 7
stems, 110, 113 Blepbarostoma, 69
Awl/a. 89 blue s pruce, 101
anhinga/Auhing.t anbinga, 218 Boler:,s, 142
auim:.tls/Animalia, 149 h<me ,issue. 14
Borella rea,rreutis, 20
cell cyd e, 17, 1$, 19-2 1
box jellyfish, 158
rells, 7 brachiopods/Brachiopoda, 166.
cytokinesis, 2 J
electron mk~rographs. 7-10 172

mirosis, 2 1

305

• A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory
ch:imt:leon. 213 Corae:iiformes order, 2·17 r()Clto;1 107, '108 Escherichia C()/i, 29

Cfnmi,54 coral (brain, cane, mushroom> stem) ll 0, l J l,J 13 Euglenowa/£,ig/ena, 42
cukaryottlcuka ryot.ic cells, 3. 10,
Charac.lriiformes order, 216, 2 ·17 Staghorn), 158-159 wood)', 1 IO, 112
Dicmmnit, 76 35, 36
Cheliccrarn, 181 Corio/us, l 42 dinoflagcllatc-s/Dinnflagdlaca,
Chelcdina p:1rkeri, 201 corn, 109, I 17, 122, 132, 146 animals, 149
35, 40 dasslficauou sysre n'I, \'i
Ou·fonia mydas, 2 14 Cornu aspcrsum, 167 Oitmaen muscipula, 118
Dt'ospyros virginim,a, 6 cyropktsm, J
C1Jelm1oi<lis nigm, 214 crab, ·1SO
l)iplopr.Hfa, l 79 definition, l
cherry flowe½ 120 hermn, 183 /Jirr,fi/aria immitis1 178 hum,111,9
nucleus :1 nd nucleolus. J
chic.ken horsesh()e, I~u ONA molecules~ I phyJogcnccic rdationships, vi
dogfish shark structure a ud function, 2
aud chick development, 26 era)'fish, 134-1 86
egg Stm cture-, 22 cricket, house, 188 ancrics, 227 eukaryotes, singlc--ccl led, 35, 36.
bra m, cr:11)1:11 nerves, eye S<.•e also plants; ptocists
Chilopoda, 179, 193 crocodiles/Crocodilia, 2 l5
muscles, .ind sensory org.;111s.. dassificarion of major lineage~
chimpanzee, 201 caiman Palewuchus palpebro-
228 36
Chjropte-ta order, 22 I sus, 215
branchial circulation, 226 evolution, locomotioo, and
chimns, I66 Nile Crocodylus j()/mstoni, m.:ife inremal :m:1tomy, 225 reprodm:tion, 35
must-'\tlaturc) 224
Cblrtmydomonas. 44-45 2 15 Euphagu.s cyanoc.ephalus. 2 J 7
Chlornphyra, 44 Crotaph,11rema bommuelleri, respirawry :m:iromy, 226 Euspongfr1, I.S I
skckwn,224
chloroplasts, 1, 42, 6 7 209,2!0 veins, 227 Eutardigrade, 193
dolphrn, botclenose1 221 evolution, 2.23
chokcchcrry1 139 crustacc.ans/Crustacca, 180) 183 dom:,in:;, ~sic chamcteri$rics, 1
Chondrichthyes, 200 Cumoceph,1/ides, 190 dove, 216-2 17 eukal'yores, 35

chordatcsK:hordata, 149, 2.00, Ctcnophorn, t 53 dr:igon, Komoc:lo, 21.3 Falco
dragonfl)\ flame ski1nmcr) 187 peregrinus, 217
20 1 cucLm\bt:r/C,,curhita leaf, 117 Dra/Jarualdia, 48 $p'1rverius~ 219
chromosomcs/chromacids, 1. 18, Ct:r.-url,ita maxim.1, 5 Dromaws ,somel,ol/a11dh1c,
fa1coo
19, 20, 21 curr:rnt, 120 2 16- 217 Arnerica1\ kestrel, 219
peregrine, 217
CJJroococc11s, 31 curcle6sh, 169 duck/wood duck, 2 16- 2 17, 219
Dugesin, 161 Fak ooiformes or<le,, 216,2 17
Chrysaora {uscescens, melantiS· C)r3nobnt teria, 3 I-J4
earthworm, 174 htsdola
Jer, and colomtai 157 C,•,mophyla) 31 l,epatiea, 162
ed udna, 22 1 magua. J62
chytridiomycosts, 135 cycodslC)·c, dophyta, 92-% Echinaradmius /Jarmn, J94
chytl'ids/O\ytridiomycota, J35 E,,cepba/artos vi/losus, 94 eclunoderrns/Echjnodermattt• 18, female gametes, 22
ferns, 88, 90
cicadri, 187 life <,..·yclc, 92. 149, 194
Echinoidea, J99 :1rchegonia, 91
Ctdndcfll (t,lgida1 180 Mesozoic £ca histOt)~93 Ecsocarpns, 54 gamctoph)~C, 91
Ciconiiformes order, 216, 2·17 2,amia, 95- 96 leave$, 89, 90
«t•de rms, 149, 194 life cycle, 83
cilia, 8 Cycas rei,o/ma> 93, 95
Egregia, 56 m:iidenhai.r, 90
cilimes, 43 C)'tk,id :m<l ctenoid !>Cnles, 229 staghorn) 89
Eichhomitt, I 16
Ciliophom, 43 Cym/Jel/a, 3$ clcpham, African, 22 1 water fem, 89
whisk, 82--ll4
Cioua intestiualis, 202 Cym>mys pamidens, 22. L Elodea eells, 4 feral pig
Elymus fl.,11tt~sc:eus, 122 :clbdomiu.aJ orgaos a.ud scmc·
Cladonia tristaJc/Ja, 148 C}r1o kinesis, 19
emu, 216-2 'l 7 nirc:s, 253
Cladu/lhora, 54 cyroplm,m, 1 E11cephalar1os ,,il/os-us, 94 atterics, veins) and viscera, 253

cb m, 40, 168- 169 endode..rm, '149 hrain, 2 54
endoplasmic reticulum , rough
Clat1ice/}s purpurea, 140 daddy long legs (har.esrmen), clirt.."Ctional terminology, 250
and smooth, 9 female, 254
Clirelbrn, 1 72, 17.5, 1 77 1 80
£11/amoel>.1 hlstolytica1 41 male, 254
Clouorchi.s sinensis, l63, 164 daffodil, 124 mns<...,1l;nurc, 25~252
Euteroctoptt$, 169
d over root, 29 da hlia, 119 6bt'ocal'tilage, 14
Euleromorpbtl, 53 fis hes, 200
club moss, 78- 79 Danaus plexi/J/JUs, t 88 Enreropnt:u.Sf:1, 199 flagella, 35
enzymes, polfmerase, 27 Oamingo, Chilean, 216- 217
Coldaria, 153 danddions, U3, 13 J Epim:f1helus lauceol.1tus, 201
ep1thditll tissue/tp1theliurn, 11, na~,omis, 18, 160-161
coed, 27 seed dispersal, 134 Oax, 6
12 flea
Cocconeis, 38 d:1 rter (hirtl),218 Epithl'nu'a, 38
Eptatretus, 205 CtenoceJ1halides1 190
,.ocklebw- seed, 134 D11sypus uovemcincr.u.s, 222 Equisecoph}'l'a, 85 water, I 83
coclm):ich, 187 mckers, 2 17
Oe,mosp,,ng:iae, 152 PaJeozoic Era, 87 flowe.ring plantS, tissues, 1, 5
Equisn,m,, 85-87 flowe rs) angiosperms, 119) 124
coconut seed dispersal, 134 Deudroas/}is jamesoui~2 13 Eremobates pal/i/}es, 180 Aukes, cow livc:r1 sheep liver, and
Erysiphe grtmrinis$ l 40
Cocuohita clypeatus, 'J 83 Dendrobutes lest(.Omelas, 211 erythrocyte, human, 9 human liver, '162- 163, 164

Culaptes auratus c.aferJ 217 Deudmhyrax valid1's, 221

coleus n eudrophylli.,, 158

floral bud, 120 D,•nmW)tiSus gallinae, 182
dcsmitl$ (C.losterium, (',<).•.;marium,
.m;m, 1·11

Coltunblfo rmes order, 2161 2. 17 Desmidlum, MkTast.en'as).
Crmwtricl.,a typhoitles, 64 53

comb jeUie~ 153 Prot1sra, 36

cooes (pine), 103- 104 diatoms. 35, 36. 38

conifers, 67, IOO-l02 hfe C)·de, 37

bark, 113 DilH>t')''J'' nmrbusum, 1.~9

lea<«, IOI, 102 Dtet.7oproda ap.iche, 187

srcms, '100,101 n i,eros. bit:omi$, 221

con11ecrive cissue, l l , 13 <licots, 5, 106

Cu11ocepbalum, 69 arrowroot, 126

Couolop}ms subcristatus, 2 I 3 enlbryos, 129

Cap,;m,s, 142,1 44 pigwced, 126

306

fly heartw<)rm, 178 glute."11re~ion. 276 h)'phae, US •Index
Hypm,m,76
green bonle, 187 Heliantfms, 120 hand, 280 Hypogymnia, l 48
houSt-Ay, 189 ht:m, 286, 287
toraminifernn, 41 Helod em1a s.rtspectum, 213 hun'le rus, 273 Hypo,.-ylon, 139
Helve/la (saddle fungus), 139 Hyracoidca, 221
Pmg:1ria, 123 Hemichordata, 194 intestine, large and small, 292.
lcterus lmllockii1 2 19
fragmenratton, 18 Hemis"·olopf!udra margimua, kid.ue)' and ureter; 293,294 iguana.
Fraxinus, 112, I l5 '193 leg, 277
lh•er,267 Galapagos land, 213
fr<>g$, 200, 201,209,2 10-21 1 Hericium, 142 G:ifap:1gos n1arine, 2 1J
a rteries :md vc:itl.$, 237- 2.38 hcrc..m, 2·17 lungsfre.:;rir:itory syl)l'em, 267 fociUus alvariu.s, 209
color, 211 Het1.,roa•nrro1us, 199 lymphatic vessels/lymph
Hctcrokontophyta, 35 insectsilusecra, 179, 180
development, 22, 14-25 hete-rotnrdigra<le~ 193 nodes. 267 anrcnnae, J90
lntema] an atom}', 235 h(...'tcrotrophs, JS, ·135 1nale reproductive system/
musculatur<\ 232-234 development, UP
He-xapoda, U 7 genitalia/ccs.tes, 294,295 iuvet'cebnues, 149
skeleton, 231 hibiscus/Hibiscus, 12.4, ·126
viscera, 236- 237 Himantopus nu>xicam,s km,d~ muscular sys-tern, 267,275, lpomoea. 10R
Fucr1s, 56, 58, 59 276
fungi, 135 seni, 17 isopod, 180
ch)'trids, 135 Min1dinea, ·175 nerves/nervous system, 267, Lxodidac:-, 182
classification, ·l35 282
bistones, l ANS (auronomic- nervous jellyfish, box, 158
eyefash cup, 139 system}, 267 Joshua tree, ll8
uses, 135 Holothuro1dea, '1 94
honeybee, 188, 189 CNS (central ne-rv-0us S)'S- kaJ1garoo, 221
wood, 144 hon\wOrtl>, 67, 73 katydid
horseshoe en,b, 18 1 <cm), 267
F11rici{er pard,,/is, 213 PNS (pcriphc.r:il ncrvou-. arid-land~ 187
ho~rails, 85-86 shieldback, ISO
Galliformes orde,; 217 houseOy, 189 S)'Srem), 267 kdp, 36, 5.5, 56, 57
p:1.ncre:1s, 267 Kingena. 172
g:unc't:1ngi:i, 67 hov~rtl y, 180 nfuromuscular junccion, 283
Hoy,, camoso, 6 kingfisher, 2 17
gametes, 17, 22 neurons/Purkinje neurons,
human
g~,metophyte plants, 67, 73, 74, bac-rer,a m Gt tract, 27 282
pancreas,267
76 erythrocyte, 9 pap,Uae, fi}jfo rm and flU1gi•
liver fluke, 163, 164
gar iish, 229 form, 290
planes of refo.n:ncc::, 267 parella, 274
gastropods/Gastropoda, 167 Lagomorpha order, 221
human biolog)' pelvi<: gir,lle, 274 !Amium·ia lifo cycle, 55, 57
(;avialis gnugetirus, 21 S adren:.11 gbml. 284
anti.tom)' .aJtd hmn:in phys10I~ peripheral nervous system i~1mpetrd tridentttta, 204
Ga viformes.C':wi.1 p,1c.:i/ita 216, ogy, definitions, 267 (PNS), 267 Lamporm's clemenciae, 217
1
atm, 276 pitu1t:.'l.r')' gland, 283 l~mpre-ys/mal'ine lampreys, 200,
217 artcrit.'Sktrteriolc::s. 267, 2-86 pulmonary alveoli, 289 204-206
autonomic ne,·vous system tad,1..1$, 273
geranium, 117, 118 Lampropdtis
(ANS), 267 n:sr irntory system (larynx, getula, 213
giant kclp,35 Jriangulum elapsnides, 214
blood, 267 m1chea, lungs), 267, 288
gila rnonster, 2 13 body avicics/major bodr rib , .age, 27J, 272 lamp shells, 172
lancelers, 200. 201, 202-204
ginkgo/Ginkgophi10, 97 part-s nnd regions, 268 SC:tpula, 273 Janrac, 149
bone, marrow and tissue, 267, sensory organs, 267 Latrodec.tus l,esperus, 180
Ginkgo bi/0/,11, 97-98 skeletomuset,la.r systemlskeJe. lazuli buming, 201
269 leaves, 111- ·119
Cladiolus, f21 brain and spinal <'.otd, 2,67i rnn, 267,270
skju, 269 Al/ophy/11s, 115
Claucocystis, 34 2N'I :mgiosperm, 113 , 'I 14, 1'15,
skttll, 271
Gnathosromarn, 200 bronchiole/bronchus, 289 spin:11ctml, 267, 282 116
caecum, 293 spinal org;in,brgan of Cor<i, bas:.w<)Qd, 117
golden olgae, 35, 37 Berberis, .117
cardio\'asn1lar S)'Stc01.i 2.67 2X5 C..1ct115) 1·t 8
Gouiaslrea, 159 central rH>,rvous system (CNS),
stomach,29 1, 292 Cerddiphyllmn, 115
Couium, 45 267 colors, ·115
cranium, 272 thigh, 277
gorilla/Gorilla gorilla gorilla, tbora.x, 287 conifer, 101, 102
d igestive sysrem, 267 1 290 rhrr•>frl g:lamt, 283 t()m, 1'17
222 e.rulocrine sysrem, 267, 2N3
trunk, 268, 276, 29 I CUCllOlbe,; 117
Grant:fl, 152 epidermal scrucni.res, 269 ulna, 27J decomposition, 116
C,'iuph:1gus, 291 urogenital/urinary S)'Ste m.
grapefruit. 132 fern, 89.90
t)1t'S, 281, 284-285 293-294 Fraxinus, 115
grape stem, 112 fcma.lc rcprodu..:tivc S)'Stcm/ ve..ios/venules, 267, 286
vcrrcbrnl column, l 72 gel'anium, I 18
grass, 122, 124, 146 external ge11iraliak>vaty/ hedge privet. J L6
breasr/rnammary gl:mds, huut1nillgbird, 124, 2 17
grnssboppcr, I88, 191, 192 hyacinrh mitosis, 19 Joshua tree, J18
294,295- 296 Mimosa pudfra, 116
grebe, 216, 217 femur, 274 Hyadnthus, rooLtip, 19 l'inus, 102
fore:.1rn1, 279 Populus, 1l 5
green algae, 44-45, 48, 49,50, foot, 278 Hya/odisrns, 38
prickly peor, I I8
51 gastrointestinal tract {GI tract), Hydm, l 54-155 purple pi[chcr plant, I J8
267 Hydrochoerus h)'drochaerrs. 222
groupe,; 201
J-Iydrodictyon, 54
guir:irfish, 207 Hy /a arenicofor, 209

gull~ Franklin's, 217

g)'mnospcrms. 67

1-/adoge.ne.s troglodytes, 180
Hadmm.s art'zonensis, 183
hogAshes, 200, 204

Html1'.sd1ia, 38
Hap/ope/ma lividr,m, 182

Hawaiian stilts, 17
hawk, rcd·taikJ, 2·19

307

• A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory
spurge, 118 m:immals/M:1mm:ili:i, 200,220, mu~le l'aclrycen·aulhm Pmhriatus, 15:-t
cardiac, 16
tissues, 3,4 1 6 22l skeletal, 10, 15 Pad,ygmpsus cmss.ipes, 180
cnt, direction:11terminolot;}' smooth, 15 Paleosudms palpebrosus, 215
romato, l 16 tissue, 11
palnt plant. fossil, 11 1
Tmdesc..mtia, 11 7 and planes of reference, 246 muslu·ooins, 135, J43, 144 Panamanian golden fr<>& 135
mussels, "168
\ft:nus f-lytrop, l IS roe, skeleton, 246 myceliw11, 135 1)a11creas, 267
waret IJy and hyacinth, 116 maoduU/Mandrillus spl,i,u:, Myrfapoc;ln, 193 Pan troglodytes, 20 I
Mytilus, 168
)'l.1cc;:1,/Yucca, 1 Ut 22l M>•xini, 200 Papi/to troi/us1 180
1\-lyxolll}'C<)t:t, 63 paramecia1 43
L,•c.am>m, 148 mam1s1 Ca.rolma, 187 Pnntmecium burs.arit1. 43
l«.-ch, '175 mnp1esr.ec:ls, 1J4 Nllrceus amerit.1m1$, 180, 193 Paramedum caudatum, 35, 43

legumes, 30,131 Marchantia, 70, 71-n, 73 Nautilu.s/Nautilus pompilius, parapodia, 173
169~ 170 parasitic
1-ei5/,mania dou<>vam, 42 Marchanriophyca, 67, 69
Navicula. 38 :.1sco1nyceres, l39
leishmauiasis (Kala•az.·u dis- m:irigolds, 123 Nedubt1 c.arinataJ 1SO
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 29 flea, 190
t""asc), 4'2 Marsilea, 91 nem,1odes/Nenu1oda, 176-178 pr<,t0:1.i,:1, .U
Ncmc.·rtca, 172,173
lemur/L,•mur mtta, 222 M.1rsupil1f1a, 21 1 Neobarrettia spiuosn, 187 rnpeworm, J64-165
N,,.,eis virens, 173
lcop3rd ~h:-. rk, 223 Maslico{)his flagellum, 21.l Pnrborlasia c()rrugntus, 173
NereOC)'Slis, 57 Passcriformes order) 2161 217
Lepidode11dro11/Lepidostrobus.• Maxillopoda, 179 nerveshtervous system, ·t 6
8'1 Megacery/e a/c:yon, 217 nervous tissue, 11 Passr.'1'imt amoena, 201
neuromuscular junctio n, 283 passirm Rower., t 19
Lepidosauria, 213 Megathura crt!nrtlnta, 167 neurons, mornr and Purkfojc, Pavn rristams., 219
p-ea, flower and fruit, l 23
Lepidovo. 69 meiosis, 20, 22, 35 16
newr,209 ru:ncuck (pen.fowl), 219
lesser siren!..S'rren intermedia, 209 plant, 67 Nkoriana, 120 peah,n. 219
Nidularia, ·142
Lethoarus medius, -180 Mela11op/11s, 188 peanut plnnt, l 32
nightshade, 120 pear, 10~, I 20, 130
L.•uC<'>pha,•us pipixtttn, 2 17 Mt7ismopedia, 31 Norfolk Island pine, 101 pc::it moss~ 74
Nostoc, 32
Leucosoleuia, ·151 Merosromara, 179, 181 Notophtha/mr,.s viridesc:eus, 209 Peleca11ifonues, 217
oude.at n1tinbtaoe, 1 Pelia, 69
I.ibe.llula s..1tumla, 187 Merte,L~;a, 153 nucle.1t pores, 7 peljcau/Peluanus Ot'ddentalrs,
nude-ic add, 1
lichens, 147-148 · mesodermi 149 nuck>olus, 1, lO 2'17
Nuphnr,6
1-igia italictt~ 183 1\ let:'\m Onacfa, 42 penguin, (ialapagos, 217
oak srem, l B PenicifHum, 139,14 1
Ligustrum, 1.16 ~frcazoa~ JS, 150 Obelia. 155- 156 perch, skeleton artd ~,.oaron1y,
octopus, 169,170
lilac, 126 methanogel\s, 27 Oncorh)'ltdms kt•ta, 207 229- 230
onion, 1'10. 1'1 7
lily/Lili11111 Mdridium, 159 oogenesis1 22 Pcridinimn, 40
oog()nium/Oedogonium, 48, .Pcri.ssodactyla or<ler. 221
flower, tlo,ver bud, anrher, Micm.sterias, 36 persimmon, 6
49,50 Pecromyzonrida, 200-206
ovary. 124, 127, 128 Mhc10<.'.0leus, 34 Oomycota, 65 Petiza/Pez.iw repauda, 139, 140
Ophis,wrus venlralis, 213 Phaeophyta, 56, S7
micn.,sporocyres, 20 Microcystis aemgmOSll, 33 Ophiuroide.1. 194
Op1mt1'a, 118 phagocyrosis, 35
pollen grains, 126 micrneukal'yotes, 35 orchid rom, 107 Phalangium c,piliu. 180
or~anclles, 7. 35 Phanerophlehia, 89
pond,6 Micrurr,ides eHryxm1thus., 2·14 Ortl,oporus omalus, ·193 P/J;1ria P)'fa111id,1Ja, 194
Orthoptera1 l ~rt
lirnpet, 167 m1croscopes, co,npouod and Oscillatoria, 32 Phasw /1,s, 108, Hl
Osreichthyes, 200, 207- 208, 229
Linmlus, 181 binocular, 2. oMcohfosts and osrc<,cl:ls:N;, 15 pheasaor, 216
ostecx:yte, 10 Phifodinn, 178
Li11gul11, J72 mictoviUus, 9 osteons, 269 Phoca vitulina} 221
ostTich, 216 Phocnicopccriformes, 217
Lin11<.•3n d3ssific.:ition .system~ 35 mHdcw, fl()wdery, 140 owl Phoenieopterus d,ilensis_,

Unum,6 milkweed, 133 batu,2l7 2·16- 217
great horned~ 2·19 Phyllomed:,s.a lrypo,·ondri..1/is
lionfish, 207 millipedes, 179, 180,193
a~urea, 21 1
U1hob,1u!s pipi~ns, 210 Mimosa pudica~ 116
Physalid, 156
Litoria iu{rafrenata, 210 mite, J82 Physnrum/ Pbysarmu cinerea,

liver, 267 mitochon<lrion, 8 36, 64
Picea pu11gens, tOl, 104
livcrflukt, 16J, 164 mitosis J)iciformes ot'der, 2 16, 21 7

liverworts, 67, 69- 73 nouna1 <.-ell, 21 pig. See fcrnl pig

lizards, ·183, 2 ·13, 242 hyacinth srnges, 19 pigeon
Co/wnba,244, 245
J.olmlnria, 122 pl:im, 67
he:ut, 245
Loligo, 171 M11eruiopsis /eid)1i, 153 internal anatomy, 245

loon, Pacific, 117 Muium,. 76, 77 superhc1al muscles, 244
Loxodonta rl{ritana, 221 pill bug, 183
M0</oci<1 /)'pica/is, 180

Luci/;a s~ricata, 187 molds, 136, 138, 141. Se,a/so

Lumbricus, 174-175 btead 111old; slime mold;

1.y<O/Jersicon, '120.1J0 water mold

Lycnphyiallycophyte, 78, 8 1 mollusks/Mollusca, 166

1.ycovodium/1...yc,)f>odium clava• monocors, 106

him, 78-79 roots, 107

L.yngbyn birgei, 33 stems, '11'1
Lys,,wta debe/ius, 183
,vood)', 112

lysosomcs, 8 Monocrcmc, 221

m:,1c.,,,; 2'17 Moulu.1fla L'St'11le11t.1, 139
morcl~Morchella, 140

Ma,'.rocystis, 36, 56 mosses, 67, 74, 76

.'vJncmpus g;g,mteus, 221 dub, 78,-79

Magnoliophyrn, 106 life cycle, 75

Ma iacosrraca, 179, 183 Mnium, 77

maIaria, 42 Spike, 81

ma le gametes, 22 moth, Samia 0111thi:J, 187, 190

308

pinr/ Pinophyr:1, 5, 99- 100, IO I, in cell memhrnne, 1 Rhod<>phyta, 60-<>'I •Index
I0'.>-104, 105, J 13 myosin, 149 Rhody1ne,1ic1, 61
proti~u/J>r0tisu, 35, 36. See also RhizupttS> 136, 137. See also .Selaginella/Selag;uella
pineapple, 132 pulc.:herrima, 80, 8 l
eukur)'Otts bread niold
Pinnipcdia suborder., 221 muJriccllular, 44 Ribes, 120 Sepiidae, 169
J'im,s~ 5, 99-IOO, I01- 105 protozoa Ricc:ia,69 ,;exu:11 reproduc.-t1on~17
RN,\
cones, 103- 104 omoebas, 41 eukaryotic, 35
111olecules, J sharks, 200,223. See ,,/so dog•
le" f, 102 cili;tted, 43 S)'nchesis> 17
life cydc, 99 exomples, .l6 rockweOO, 59 fis h sh~rk; leopa rd shark
pin)'OD pine, s<.'<.-d gcrmlnar.ion, flagellated, 42 black up and gray reef, 207
locomocion, 35 Rodcntia order, 22·1 jaws and tee-tht 223
10 5 par:isitic, 35 .roots sheep
Pi.sum, 123 reproduction, 35 brain, 264, 265, 266
placoid sdes, shark, 223 l'rimus/J'r,mus virgiuiamr. 121, angiospc:rms, 107 heart, 263
Plannri(J, 161 shepherd's purse, 129
'13.9 basswood, I09 shrimp/fire shrimp, 180, 183
planktoll, 35 Psemfomonas flagellum, 29 buttetcup, 109 Sirenia ordci; 221
pl;mts/Planr.te, 67 dover, 29, 11 ·1
pseudopodia, 41 Siren iutern,~dia, 209
classification, 68 Pse.udo1,;l011 ruber, 209 com, 109 skaccs, 200
g:imerophyre. 67, 7:l, 74, 76 ditot, 109 sltme ;nold, 36. 63-64
guard cells , 117 PseudotsttJJ,a, 103 slugs, 167
b nd, 67 . Psilophyta, 82- 84 monocot> 107 Smilax roor, 107
Psilotum/Psilotttm mu/um, 82, ore-hid, 107 s11ails1 167
nonvascular, 67 pear, I 09 sn:1kc..-.
83. 84 Phaseolus, I08
reproduction~ 67 Ram,nculNs~ 109 Adzona coral, 2 14
Psiuadfooues oc<le,, 216,2 17 Salix, 108 color, 214
seed, 67 Pteridium, 90 Smil.1x, 107 garter, 213
sporoph)'te, 6 7, 73, 76 J>terido phyta, 82, 85, 88 sweec pObtO, 10$ king, 213, 214
,·aS(..1.1larlv::1scula r st.-cd, 67 Pt:erobr:mchla, '1 94 tip, 108 innle uuernaJ 3t'latomy; 243
planr cells, I, J, 17 Ptcrois, 207 whc..1t, l 08 skeleton, 242
h3rlcy smut !iipore, 4 Ptempus hypomelantts, 22 1 ,,,illo,,\ I08 vem)mous: a nd 110,wetlt)mo u s,
Pti/o$,tfCU$ gun u,11i1 l 58 roundworms, 176-·t 78
cellulose, l Purcinia graminis, 145, 146 214
chl1m>p b ~'tS. ·1 purple pircher plant, 11 8 todfets/Rorifeca~ 178 So/anum, 120
q-de, 17 l'yrus, '109, 120, 'l.lO SpeJliscifom1es otdcr, 216
euk:iryo tit1 3 Sacclmromw.es arevistae, 139
potato, 4 quail,2 16- 217 Sacc.:oglussi,s kowa/evskii, 199 spe.rmatoge.nesis, l i
S\Jg:u cc;m¢ lenf, 4 Quercus srem, l 13 salan,anders, 200. 209 Spha_ffmm moss, 74
quince, 121 Sphemscifor1ue~ order, 216,2 17
plant organization. 3 Salamandra salamandra, 2 11 Spheniso1s meudicultts, 2 l 7
robbir, com,ntail, 121 &1/ix, 108 Spht•nodon pum:tatu.s, 213
plant tissues, I, 3 radioJatiau, 4 1 saJmon. 207
Sanli,·1 c;ynlhid, IX7, 188, 190 spider, 182
Plasmodium/Plasmudium Rammc.:11/1tS root, 109 sand dollars, 194 spike. moss, S1

fi1lciparum, 42 l':tt <.indAy, 42 spinal cord, 16
Pl,uycerium alGiOme, 89 s...1ndworms1 172 Spirogyra, 50, 51 , 51
Platyhelminthes, 160 abdominal viscera and vessels> Saproleg,,ia, 65-66 Spimlina, 33
l1luux:.ole,1, 69 249 Sargassum, 57
Pleodorina, 45 Sarracenia purfmrea, ·118 sponge,:, 151-152
arteries, 248 ba1h, 152
Pleurolus, 142 cic.:-ub tory sp>tem, 24 7 Sautopsida d ass, 239 encmsdng, '152
Podiceps nigric<)l/is ) 2'16- 2 17 fem.aJe urogen.ital S:)'Stem. 249 S.'lv:1nn:ih monitQr, 242 fres hwa,e,; 152
he.,cl :md neck, 248
t>odidpedifonnes, 2 16, 2 17 hean,249 Sc:apan!a, 69 Crantia, 1.52
Pt)dOCarpus, ·10 I hep:nit port:il l>)'l>tem, 249
polar bear, 22 l male um1?,enital S:)'Stem, 249 Scelop<,ms magister, 213 leoconoid/Lcuc.osoftmia, 15 t
pc;,llen/pollination. 125~ I26 supedicial rnusc.-ulamce. 247 Sc.:olopendra sporophytt pbnu, 67, 73, 76
Polychae1.1, 172, 173 skeleton, 246 squash stein. 5
veins, 249 heros, 193
Polyord;is penidl/(i/us, 154 viscera, 248 sttbspin;pes. 193 squid, 170-17 1
Polyplacophora. 166 ray~ 200 scorpion~180, ·1s3 Stagmommuis earo/iua, 187
Polypodioph)"t:t, 88 Rccurviros1ra amerfrana, 218 Scute/1,'ru'a sc:i,tel/ara, 139 sta rfish. ·194
Polypcxlium virginianum. 90 red alg:1e. 60--{,2 scem(s)
l'o~•siphonia, 60, 61, 62 reproduction. See ,1/so ase:xu.:aJ Scyphm.o:i , 157
Polytridmm, 76 Scyt.one,m1) 32 angiosperm, 1·10, '1 13
poppy seed, 134 reproduction; scxua) rcpro- sea cucumbt rs, l 94 Aristolochia, 112
Popu/u5 leaf, 11.5 ducrioo sea letruc.-e. 53 ash, 112
Pore/la, 69 a nim,11, 149
P<'>rife.r:.1, 149, ·151-152 SC.".31, harbor1 221 d ove~ 1 1l
Post.e/5~1 palmacfonnis, 56 fungi, 135 Coleus, ·111
pmato. 4, 110 rep tiles/Reptilia class, 200 Sf'<\ nut, 153 c-oojfer; IOO, 'I01
prairie dog, 221 Rh:1coplum,s uigropalmdlus, SC.'l slater, 'ISJ
Prinute:s order, 22 1, 222 dicnr, 110, 11 1, IB
209 sea srnr> l 94 Equisetum, 87
Prohoscide:1, 22 l rhiooceros. 22 J development, 23 Fraxinus, 112
p roboscis worms, J72, 173 Rhodactis, 159 intemal :matomy, ·t 95-196 grape~ 1l2
pro~ryotic cells. 1 monocot, 111
protcms st·.a urchins, 194, 199
seed d ispersal, exan1ples, 133, l'inus. 10 1
actfo, 149 Quercu.s, 113
IJ4
309

• A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory wafer hy.,cinrhs:., 1'1 6
squ:1sh1 5 ti.,;suc:$1 I Trtrsiops trwu:atus, 221 water liJy, 11 6
animaJ, I, 11, 149 warer mc)('casin, fom:ile-, 243
Trl{olium, lJ l rurde/tono,se, 20 1,214,239 water 1nold, 65- 66
female interna l org:ms, 241 wax begonia, l 24
underground, 1 10 bone, 14 internal anatom)', 240 wa:< pktflt, 6
skeleton, 240 w heat, IOS. 122. 128
wood),' 110, 112 , ardiac muscle, 16 skull, 239 wheat ruse/wheat smut, 145, 146
Stemonilis, 64 viticcra, 24 1
connt.-ctivc, n, 13 w hisk fem.,, 82-84
Tyto .r/b,r, 2 17
Sten/or. 36, 44 epithelial, 11 w hitefish hl:iscula, 2 1
U/01/n·ix , 47, 48 willow root. I08
Stephom,discus, 38 mo:.de~ 1·1 Uhu,53 won-ns. Se~ 'also o.:om worms
Ulvophyc-.,ae, 54
Sti<hopus ("setts, l 94 net\lO US, l l Urochordata. 200 earthwo rm, 17~l 75
Ursus mar1tim us, 22 l
Stige<.u-louium, 48 pbnt, 1 [1$.tilago ma)'dis, 146 gill-wing, 194

Stigonenur, 32 )'UCcalyucca lnevifo lla, 6 Varam,s he::imw>rm, 178
komodr,ensts, 21 3 milky ribbon, U!rebmtulu s
StF.1.w berry, 12:l Tmesi/Jteris, 83, 84 sa/i.•ator, 213
"1ctms, l73
Strepmcoam pyog,•nes, 3.1 toads, 200, 209,210 vascular pl:mcs/vascular seed l'arfJQr/.1sia t:ormg:ttus, 1 73
plams, 67 proboscis, 1721 173
Strigiformcs order, 216,217 tobacco, 120 round,vonn, J76-178
Vaucheria, 39, 40 s·.mclwom1, 173
stron1:uoli1e-, foss1liud, 33 Tol)•pothrix, 33 venus flytrap, 8, J 18 $(.."gmc::nrcd, 173
verrebrares/Vertchrnt:1, 1 49,200
StrophorUI, 144 rom::ito Xantlu">ria, 148
Ac.tinoprerygii1 207 Xenia umbel/ata, 159
Sl!uthionifor1nes, 216,217 flowenu,d fruit, 130, 132 X tmO/nts laet•is, 2l l
sug.1n;::mc leaf, 4 leaf, 116 Amphibia, 200 xylem, 5

sun Ao·wer, l 19, 12.0, 12 3. l24 ovnry, 120 Q 1ondrichrhres, 207 yeast-s, 138
Osteichth)'es, 208
sweet potato, 108 rom:uo do,vnfisb, 207 Petromyz.ontida, 204- 206 y1.1ct:1/Yucca, I I S
Rcptili:i, 212,216
Sylvilagu.t t1udubfmii, 221 "fnuhemys scri/>ta elegam, 214 Vitis, 112 Zamia/7..amia fmmila , 94-95, 96
Volvux, 45, 46, 47
syphilis bacte ria, 29 Tmdescantia leaf, 1·17 Z,•a ma)'s, 109, 11l~ 117
w;1Jnur tntkins, 124 cob, 132
Syri11ga, 126 tree hrrax,2.21 ,vater bears, 179, 19.3
w.arcr bccdc, 180 smut, 146
SJ<'/Jhidae. 180 trematode/fremaroda, 162-164 water felr nlg,i, 39, ·10 Zenaida macr<mra, 217
water fcm 1 8 9, 9'1 zoospores~ 48
Treponem a pa /Jidum, 29 water nea, 183 lygnema, 51

Tachy~lossus ao,featus~ 2 21 Triakis :se.nu1,1so'ata, 223 ?)'gore1 ti

Taem"a pisiformit, 1 64, I6S Trichine/Ja spimlis, 176

tapeworm, parasitic, 164-J 65 Trid1omonas vaginalis, 42

ta.ran tttla, Igz rrichomoni:isis, 42
Tn'dac,ta deraS11, 168
Tar.1xacmn, 13 1

Tardi&'Tada, l 79, 193 Trifolium , 11·1

testud inidae, 214 trilo bite, fossil. 180

Tetmopes telrhphthalmus, 187 Triticum/Triticum aestivum ,

Thamnophis, 2 13 108,11 1.1 2$

Tl,e/odenua corth:ale, 1 t1 TrypanDsf,mtJ hruad, 42

1:hennoac:1dophlles, 27 trypanosomiasis, 42

Thiothri.", 27 niatara, 2·13

cick, 182, 183 lubewonns, J72

tiger h«,rk, IRO tulip/Tulip,,, 12·1

Tilia coor ,u1d le--..1f, 109, 117 lunicates, 200, 202

310