Van De Graaffs Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory

- - · - -.,·.A,- ··- , - ----- · ·- .

.-,-!f
'C -.__,.-~t'--;: I • ...
·• · -'. ' ....

-~-..-....:........ _ ,rlii, ·,i,-, ~• -··
I ••~• ~- - - . ~. £

-- ff ''\ ·, ~ - ,,f~ ti/141' ,,

--------__,.....~-,.. ... .,...... '.J'. '11 , ,. . ~-I,.,..__.,. '··~ - -· ,_

. . . . _ 41.!.~.,..., ~ . .-...~......-:- ~:•~

14

12

Figure 8.44 T he v ~cc-r.i o( :i rurrl(", f igure 8.4 5 T ltt· intt·ntal ori;,uts of3 fom.ll(' mrdc. 15

I.Tradh.'3 7. Comm on c:i.rotid .ute r}' I. Esoph..1t,,•us t>. R.il-;ht horn of utt'ru) 11. Stomach
2, l.wer 2. Liver 7. C10:1<::1
S. Lcfi aorta 12. SpJee.u
3. Pulmonary lTl('I')' 3. G:ollbladder S. Tr.1c h~a
-I St(H)l :;lCh 9.Amurn orheart •I. l'ancrc,;;15 9 . L,vcr 13. Uri.n .uy bl:i.ddi•r (cmptf)
10 . Ldl llrjum ofhe.art 14 . A nu!,
5. P:tUcn.•a,.; 10, Venn ick n( 11~:\n 5. Sula.I.I imt'stine 15. Jlli]
IJ . Livt•r
...... r,. Esoph:tgus
12. U l'llury hb ddcr (foll)
"'

• A Photographic Atlas tor the B1olog,, Laboratory

Figure 8.46 M ak li1:>td\ :and s,l~kc"i h:a,"<: h cmipc otJ, ~s copub tory ~"ltg.lns, ~, h,e IH"mip<-11is ~een m :a r;'ld iogt-,1ph o ( .l male
{:a) crocodile ntomtor, 11.'-umms Jt1lt1t11fo1ii. As seen in.- radiogr.:iph, 2 female {b) lacks a hcmipen.is.The fom:i.11.' cloaca is the
rcc:cpt:1.de ofdu~cwrtcd male hc.-ni.ipcn is dur ing rnpul:ation.
1. Shcadu ofh cmipcn c-s

Figure 8.47 A r:1diogr1ph o ( die pelvic r~ton of:1 s2\1:t1rn-aJ1 mo rntor, (2) showing a lugltly ifcvdopcll limb. Comp:irc tlrn to th e

radtograph of the pelvic n:g1011 ora boa. (b) showiug tht ~~~1gfal pek,t gJrdk .

I. VC$.ugi:tl pd\'lc. guJlc.-
Figure 8.48 !'he
ske-k w u of :i. i,:u:i.kc
(python).
I. T n.mk vertcbr:ic
2 Duda.I \"ertcbr.w
3. V1.•stigi:d pdvK
gjnll<'
..t-. D<:-mary
.5. Supr:1tt111pot.:il
bow:
(,. PlncuJ
7 Qu.1drJtC bout
8 ll 1b,

2

3

242

13

2 4
3 5
4
fi
16 2

5 7
6 17
7

s

()

10
II

19

12 8

.\ 9

J(I

Figure 8.49 A w 1ur:1J view of the intc.'nt:ll :uutomy of a fcnulc Figure 8.50 .~ wntr!11 view ofthe intern.ii an:uomy o f :i uule snake. Note that

w.ltt'r moc•1::isfo. A,,_~kistro.1011 pb'd1•"wm. tl1t' tt•:,;fl."'.> :mJ kidney-'> an: :.t•Jf,'1',l:' l\'d .

l , j1Jg11l:irw-in 8 . l ,ung 15. KiWu:y I. J..kmipc.'iK'S 5. lntc.·s.1ine 9. Ut\.'ll'r
2. A•HJ!: HI, L.c(c kidn ey
2. Tr.1chc-:t 9. Hcp:uu: pott:il vem 1(). O\•iduct <,. Lt H 1cs1is

3. COIHnlOU car0tid ;.\Tll'J')' 1(1, Liver 17 Egg, 3. Ducn1.s dcforcu.s i. Dunu.~ ckfe1t:11s
18. Snuli imc:stirn:
.:t & o plug:us 11. Do rsaJ aorta 4, R i~tt tt>mi: 8. Ri~ht ktdul'y

5. AMric :ir.:h 12. $t01U;'l(;h 19 PAU<"l'e:l$

6. Aurich: o( h(•:ln U . An us 20. Duodt"rtmu

1. Vcnmdc ofhc-Jirt H . Colon 2 1 AbdOfllu>al V(:U)

.N..

"'

t Figure 8.52 (>) 3 4
'T he <truccures of
fT J.

a comour (pluma)
14 ic11hcr. (b) Barbule;

~:md hoo kl i:-ts .irt.• s

15 shown in :t 0

1r, pItotomicr.ograptL Q

I. C:abnuu, ""~''

2. R.1chis (1)
3 , Sh3fl
=1)
18 4. V.111c
5 . Hoolclets ,r

2 6 . l:brb -I
3 7. 13.arblLlc
)>
•
0
21 ::T
5 22 0

8 23 'At·.xvr -C-drpi uhmh m. Exti.'nSOr m~t.1carpi -"Q'
rnd1ahs 111.
~ 25 fk·xor digitomm C
I() supt"rfic1:1hs in. Prou:nor
19. Carpomet:tc:up,ll ~upt1·1ic1alt'1 m if
b o m•s
fh ccp!> 1-.rachi, m - - . _ I
20. Cor~coid bone
21. Pl1rcul.l l:uiss:llnus d emi m. :........ ~ ( ;rr,1, a0
22. Phabuge!. P~ccorali.-. en .
23. Phalaux o f 3rd digic E,1ero:il :thdl"lmu,1l- - - a.
24. Kc d o f ~h.•rnum
25. 'I ibil)~rsal l'l<11w- ob1j t.iui: m . (1)

11 S-'nor iu'- ,11. .,11111 )>

Jhotroc}unti:-ricus m . <

12 llioribi:Jii m . (1)

13 "'

figure 8.51 The l-kdeton of:i. pigeon. Cqlumb:1. ( ~ udofo·m ornh s m. ' J>cr<Mleu.t longus m.

I. Sclpuh IH. lsc.hium Semite udiuosus m.
2. Uln.l 11. 1:'lrSOt'l'lttJtar~ bone Exr.-rnal Jbrlonunal
oblique ni,
3. Radius (behind ulna} 12. Olgit I Sc-mfrnem br:.mos,u.s nL l ' - - - - - - - Tibi;ills:inticus m.

4. Hu 111cn1!'- IJ, l'hal,l1lg('S C:astroct-:cnuu.s m. '~- . ~ I, ,cV.lS
5. R ib~ 1-1. C r:uuum
1:,X{e
6. Ilium 15. Scltrotic bone 1t«ll' Jl)

7. Femur 16. Pn.•m:t..xilfa

li. l>ygoqy lr 17. lkiu.:u'y =f igure 8.53 Tht• supcr ficul musck-s of:i. pigt•on . (m. musdc)
?. Pubi! l8. Ct'Tvica.l vt.•rt<.'br:ic

•Vertebrate D1ssect1ons
8

?2

J 9
1(1 4

5

3
6

to

4

14

6 15 7
7 16

17

11

figure 8.54 A vcntr.aJ view o f the- intcrn:il an:tt<Jm>' of :t p igt"on. Figure 8.55 A wntr.il view of;i p1g.;:o n heart :1nd

1. Eroph~~s 7. 0 11 gbud 13. 11-.,.:in surroun iling org:ms.

2. Camti.-'1 ,mc-,·y l{, C:loar::t 14. Liwr (,:m) I. Crop 5. l k an (within 9. Ldt St1bcfavi:lu

3. V~1u<'::iv:i 9. ·1,~chca 15. R f"crom 2. Common t.".ltUtid pt'r-i cardiui 11) .1rtt 1y

4. Lung IO. Crup lb. P.3nc 1-e:as :irtt1·y h. Rtgh1 lvog IO. Left lung

5. Kidney I I. A1)1lic:m~h 17. Octun 3. Esophagus ?. Liwr 11. C 1\"atl."r omc ntum

6. Oviduct 12. Pcctoralis m usd;: {~;m all intt:llotiue) 4. R,ig hr 1uhdiwbn S. Tr~chc.1

art.1.•ry

10
11

12

5

Figure 8.56 A \'C'ntr.-11 v1C\v of d,c v1$un o f :i pigeon, Figure 8.57 The: v i$c~.-.- of a pigpon with rhc- be2n <;<·c,joned.

C()/111111•,J, wi1h 1hr: ltw:1 rcmove<l I. R ight :ttrium 5. Sm all intestine 9. left vcntricfo
2. Righr lung
L Crop 5. Right lung 9. SmaU i1m:st111e.• h. Tr.tf'h~ It>. (;,zzar<l
2. f:.,so1,h:igus f,. Hr::trr 1<1. ·r r:lfhc-:i
3. R...i~H \lcntric~ 7. Aortic arch
3. Right subdavian artery 7. Peri<."'.1rdium JI. Lt-fi lung S. Left !ltrium
-t-. L1v~r (cu1)

4. Ax illary artery S. Apex of hc:in J2. Cmmd

245

• ph,c Atlas for the B1olog,, Laboratory

59 The planes_o ( rc ic rc ncc 11l ;i cat.

11 f:g~~~o~;I pbnc f'~:~::~~•Lilpl,,,,)
32.TMrJi1d1sS:awgi.tt!tta" Ippbln:uic (n."..·di:m phnc)

( Rat Dissection

Cb.ndt'

Rgure 8.60 The skd cton of :i r:it.

246

S11hlrngi1;al ghncl } An«-r•or fa( nl \' I.cit co,nmon c:11nt1ti 1 .
M.md1buhr gb.nd S:1liv.·uy gb nd.,;; R ighi conu non camtid 2.

P:imtiJ gbud
" u•mohyo1ci m.

:\cT01moddtov:I 0 1 y .rtUt"rn:tl j ugubr v. '\_ \\ 11J A,olla.1y ;1
B1-.:11:lu.,I a.
Srcrno m:'l~to1d m AX1ll:wy v.
°i,} Tt·Jccps br.achit m. Aomc ;in:h L.:fi subd:wian .1.
l .:iN....IIIIU<. ,ior~i ,u .- - - - - - ! f\-ctoolis uujor m.
", I Cr:Ull:tl (:-uHCl'rot} · i!°~!'"~ff•-- - -- Coron.try a.
F.xrc-1·1u l ;tbdcuuu u l - - - -~ l'\!ct(l1•.1lti, nuu l)J m .
obliqu~ m. \ 't'Ul C:l.\"l :..:.-.- / Do rs.\l ~Mt:I

H c-.1: 11

hrn•t<'<Kt=-1 :i:t :ind vv.

/r ,~.~ ~~ - 1>J11c mc .-i.

::- I\. Cdi,c trunk

«'I.II .lt.:cm, :ib{lom1n1~ 111 c~ud,11 (postenor) C.:1-~uic :1.
i1:,1.;z.£~
Ltnd alba W U : l C : ,l \~.l 1I- • ~z Rl•uaJ a

CnmiaJ mcS<.•ntcric a. ~' ' Gon,lciJI .ti
Lumbar a.
11..aght gonadal v. ~{
fl!olumh:ir :u.
lholumbJr v. ~\
C;md:tl mtst'utl·ric a.· Leh ("<>iu moo

ilbac a.
Cau.bl a.

ij

Figure 8.61 A v<:·,ut:11 vkw r-.( 1h1~1up¢rli c1:d ll1l1~11lt1111ri: Figure 8.62 T he cux:ul:nory ot.yHem o ( :i r-,u Tht arter,e.~ :ire ('.-.lortd

ofthe- r.u (m. = n1ltsch:). rt'd (l. = artt'T)'. aa. :: :i.r~ri1.-s: v. = vt·iu. vv. = wins).

"'.i:,

"

• A Photographic Atlas tor the B1olog,, Laboratory

7 8
2 9

3 ' JO
I(

· 12

11 6

7

5

<, Figure 8.64 T11t· abdominal :irtcrics o f du: rJt.

I . H cp:1t1c :1.ncry 8. G:isrnc :u. tcry
J2 2 R..ii:d•t rl'nal artery 9. Cd.iac tru nk

:\. C r:ini:il nH•sem~r1c :u•tcry 10. SJ>l<'nic ar1e1y

4 . R i~h r t..-sticular a rt<.•ry 11. Ldt n: nal :utl'r y

5. R,iillu 1liolumb;ir :artery 12. Alxlomin:il 2on3

6 Caudal m es.enccn c :irtcry (cur) 13, Lett lt&i~Jar artery

7. Right common ili:.c :trtc:11• 14. l\·1idcDc m ;r:i.l artery

figure 8.63 A ventral vic.-w <>f the ut viscera.

I, Lary1r'lt 7, a.~nph:1~-t1$

2 . T racht~ 8. f--.1,::m ,2, II

3 . U.1ghl luug l), Uu phl'.'lgm 12

4. J9unmu IO. l iwr
-~· R..i~ht o"~ry 11. Splec-n

6. Caecum 12. 111.·ln)l

16
17

1$
7 l'I

8 Figure 8.66 ~r hc .m cr,es <'If rite dlor::i<ic .md llCX'k reg11)ns ,if ,he 1'lt ,
9

l. Facial ancry 11. lntl·ma1 carotid artl't Y

2. Lingu:J .mcry 12. O cc1pit:l.l .:irt~ry

3. EXCC'roal ca.rotl<i auery 13. Lett common carood artery

4. Crnn.i.a.l d1;•ro:d :irtcl)' 14. Vcndnai :trh.'1')'

Figure 8.65 The lil'ad 3n d n eck region of th.: r:u . 5, R ig lu common <~rmul :11·t ery 15. Ccn•?Cal trunk
6. Righl axtll:try arttr)1 I(,. Lm .-.u l 1hor:1.d c .:irtcry
l Tt".lnporalis m. 6. Parond dm.'t

2 . Extraorbiul lanuu:ll gbud 7. C:crvtc:ll tr.1pC'zius m. 7. R ight b,~ch~ I artery 17. Left axillary ~rt<'fY
8. P..i.rotid glwd
.t Extr.aorbital lacriuul duct 9. Ma ndibul.u gl.md S. Br.adUot:t'plulic JJ't~•q ' 18. l d t subd.ivi:u1 ;u:tcry
'>. l, o ,11c :u't'..h PJ. lme r1ul d, o rnc1< .uwry
•L 1:.-c1:il nc n;'t'

5. M ::iss..-t.:r m, I0. M.1udibubr l;•mpb node I0. E.xtt'rnaJ 1w xilbJ)' .irtery

248

•Vertebrate D1ssect1ons

11
12

13
14
15

Ii

Figure 8 .67 The r.u hi:att (rdlt'cted) .>howing t.ht' major wins an<l :t.rtcr-ic:-~.

1, lligbt roouuon <, Lttl aur1Cle 13. C'.orouary sinus {cu t)

Cl'll'oud :1rre1-y 7 1..cit \'(;.llrn : lt 14. lmcl'("(t-(f.l l a,·tc:ty

2. Rl¢it t·ramal 8. Corouaq• w in an d vt"iu Figure 8.68 T he \'<.'ms of th:: thoranc
and neock n*ious o(d1t rat
ve-n:1 e;1\'J (cut) 9 . Dia.phngnt 15. Aoru

3, Hrac.hi01.·c1,halk I (), 1..cif COO'IIIIOII 16. Caudal v1,m3 ca,'J

tnmk c:uotid l t1«)' l7. Esop ~.Jgt.t.'> 1. Cephalic. w·i11 6. F..xtcr,n:il Jugub.r win
2. Right CT.tnial w ua <.'.3Vl
4. AQmc a.rdi 11. Ledl :-t1bdavtau a.Tter)' 3. Q ud.'11 ,·c1u C:t\':I 7. lntcrnal j u1':,lll:.tt \'tin
S. L:itcr-;il thoracic vl"in
5. Pulmo n:u) ' irLmk 12. Azygos w in

4, Lillb'l••focfal vci1) 9, Let( cr.inial vt11:i c:J,ia

"C"--5. M:uoll:uy ,•e-in - ....

2 5
6
J C:,'-==
4 _,....'"'.,..

1 7
6
8
9

l (t

'7 figure 8.70 The br:,mchcs. ofdu:- hcp3tic po real ~•$teo1.

J. C r:uu:el p~n(:rc:uim duodcnal vein 6. G,mmsplentc \>cin

Figure 8.69 T he :lbdominal Vt(Cer.l :rnd ,-e-~se1' <i,he r:i.t. 2. I lcp:·1tK'. port.ll vein 7. Splt-ni..: brJ nd 1l-.S

I. Dih;iry and duod~nal 3. Right kfrlncy <,. Ga.strosplc.mit 3. Cr:uual mescm cric w in 8 . Splttu

p:iru of pant·1-tas 4, Li,-er (cut) parl of p.ln<.'l't~S 4. l ntenin:\I hr:tnchN 9, Ahd<unin:il :iotta

2. Right renal win 5. Stonn cb i. Spk·en 5. Gastric vciu I0. Caud:i.1 wua ov.t

- -,11 11

3l " - - -'=! 13 3

4 4

5f-- -¥:I;' 12
• - - - - - - -• 13
6
.--E= - - - -..14
7! - -- - . ~

8

Figure 8 .71 T he u rogcmt;al S)'.Sl.'l m of the m:iJc r.u. 16

l. Vcsii:ul:u- gbnd 9. T(.-stil

2 Pm<i.m: {vl~1ur:1.I 1x1n) Ht. 'l:lil <lf epirl1dymi.!. figure 8.72 'l'hc umgtnHal s,~tcm o f rhe fom:ile 1~ 1.

3. Prostate {dorSOblnal pan) 11. Uri11:tr>• bbd<.k·r I. Ovary 6. Vt."Stibubr gbnd l L Uccr-inC' horn
2. U tl·rinc ;111<.•r y 7. C litoris 12. Uterine bod y
4. Ureorhr.1 m the pd vtc c:mal 12. Symphysis pubis {cut
and vein fi. V;1ginal opening 13. Urinar)' bbd dcr
5 V;it (dm.~ws) dtforer>s e:<posmg 1''--t-•·ic c.lr>al) V, Ut(·riu~ art,:ry 14, Un:dH"J
:t U t,mne- horn 15. Urcth r.tl opening
I'> Cms <>( ri,cms 1.3. Llull)()ca,•cmo<-1.1$ .and vt•in
-L Colon
7 . Bulbourcthral g!au d m md , :

8 . Ht"ad ofc-pidid)•nus 14. Pt>nis 5. V:igrna 10. 0 V,l f1' 1(-.. .\' 1111~ 249

• A Photographic Atlas for the B1olog,, Laboratory )
( Fetal Pig Dissection
7 Figure 8.74
,, 8 A vcntr:il vic;w

I o f the !>1.ufact'
2 10 anatomy of ti~
fetal pi~.
3 II
4 12 I, N<Ht>
2. Wrl:.1
' 3, Elbow

6 -t Tc:tts
14 9 5. Scrclrunt
15
6. TaiJ
H 7, N(ls1nl
8. Tongue
figure 8.73 1'h<" d1tc-cfu>o:tl r,:rmulol-c\g)' .:and supc-rti<'i.:il -.U"ucpu~ IJ. Dig.ii
I0. Umbilit--al
in .1 fotal pig (quadrupedal v1.•rtebr:tte}.
cord
I. .'\nm 9. Au1·1ek ~liun:i) 11. Ko¢('
IO 12. Ankle
2. Tail 10. Ext<.•rnal a uditorv l:/mal
11
'.l. Scn'.lfum 11. Superior paJpebrn (superior cydid)
4. Kn~:c 12. Elbow 12

5. Teat I~, Wr isc 19

6. Aukl<.· l4. Naris (nosrril) 20

7. UmhilicaJ cotcl 15. Tongue 21

8. Hoof 22
23
'J ID 1112 1314 1516 17 18 24

8 26
7
6

5

Agure 8. 75 A latcr:tl view of superficial muscub tt11"C' of the ft··raJ pig.

I, Tibfalis amc-nor m 8. GJur~\1'> mcdms m. 15. 'friccp~ hiuchii m 21. f:lr.l(:hi,lhs m.

2. Pcmneus r.u ius m . 9. E..xcem aJ abdomin:t.l oblique m. ~;ucrnl head) 22. E.xtcnsor carpi rndi2Ji$ m .

.3. Pero11eus loJ1gt1s m. I0. Semrus vcmra)i3 in. 16. Ddtotd Ill. 23. E.xccJ1sor dig:iu m .

4. Ga.,.trocue-mius m . l I. Pectoral.is pmfon du.s m. 17 . Supr:i.spin:itus tu.. 24. E.xten,.or djgitorum con1munis m .

5. Tensor fasciac 1:nac m. 12. latis•timus dors1 m 18. Omotr<u15vcr.;<1riu.s. m. 25. U lnaris lat¢ra3i~ m .

6. Bin·ps fouori). m. 13. Tr:tpe:tiu> m. 19. Cleiduo<.·1.,piralis !IL 26. f Jt'xor <ligito ru111 pn'Jti mdus m .

7. G lutt"tl.'\ snpcrfic iali.-. m.. 14. Tri<.:c-p$ brachii m. Qong head) 20. Pb tysm:i m.

250

•Vertebrate D1ssect1ons

8 4
9
5
10 2 6
7
3
tt
II 9

Figure 8.76 A \l"ntral nc-\',: of supcrlic1al musdl-s Figure 8.77 Supt•tficial utcd i.ll musdt."S oftltc fo relim b.

ofthe- neck :.and uppl"r tol'$O. I Extl'T);Or caq,1 t:\diati.s m '1 fk·xo•· dig1ton1111

I. PLuysm:. m. (rdkcred) 7. M:mdlbubr gbnd 2. Biceps bm:hii m. .supt•tfici:ilis m.

2 . Dt~trlC lll , 8. Lar)•nx 3, A.xi.lfar)' :mc.>ry and 7 FJcxor <<'lrp; ul.uaris 10 .

J. M ylo hyoid 1n. 9. Stemotb)'TOi~l m. \f\.'ln, brJchi:tl pk•:ois 8. Triceps br:1chii m.

.-. $tcr1lo hyoid m I H. Hr:ich1oceph~li<" m . 4. 1::lC"'(M c;ir111 t:uli:.b,;, nl. ~31<'r-AI he:ui)

5. Omohyoid m. I J. r..-ctur-.ilis superfil;a.lis rn. 5. Acxor tlii:,.-imrwu 9. T.rit t·ps bm:hii m.
(cut and itO<ct~J)
(•. $1c1 nomasrnid m. pmiuudw m. Qong hC',d)

6 s

I 9
2 I ()
3
24 11

,,

4

9
I0

5 II s

Figure 8, 78 A l:u-er.J \/'k"\v of the su1,erlic1al figure 8. 79 Mi:<li.tl musd~ ofthe.· thigh :md leg.

d1i~h :md k·g. I. llian•~ m. 7. .Pson major m.

I. Clurcus supcrfic:i:i.lis m. 7. T<'.1LSOr f:tsc i:i,: la12c m . 2. l'¢n<tH' fa~d .l<"' btJC 111. ti. Sarror-iu~ rn
2 . St>miu.·ndiu~ui: m . 8• .Bic('p'.> femoriil Ill.
3. Recrns ll'11>0rU m . 9. Pc.•ctinem m .

.J. Scmimcml-w:i.nosu.s m. 9. r ibul2ris (pcrc,neus) 4. Scmi.uwmbr.mosus m. 1CJ. Adductor m.

4 . Gastroc11C1li.ius ni. k)ugw i:n. 5. T1bia.fu antcrfor 111. J I. SeiniteodiJ)OSltl m

5. Ext<nsor d igimnuu quam 10. Fibub ris {pl•roncus) 6. E.xtcrua1 abdominal oblique m.

;ind q uiou mn l. «:r1 ius m

'>. Gluttus ntl·dius m . t I. T ibialis antt'rior m.

251

"U1'
"'

Myloh)-Oid "'-~ ~ (~ R homboid t:1.'r\'ici.s m.
D1g:1.,;tnc m. _ i. R .hrunh('IJ(i r.1pius 111
~ ~tl!roohyn,d mm. Splcmus m .
M:is~te.t Ill. / /Int S11p1~sp11,:ttu ~m.• E'<lfw><u· carp, r.ld l3hs in,
St1:rn OU1$lOid ,11
Bracluoccph:1fo.'. m.•

'frl<'e:1,.:; hnlrh1i m

Tc1t~5. t'll:IJ'°' m i l>r'>stctior de~p l3ti=;~inw sd nrSI m ,
Lu.u.<,1mut d,ors1 m .~ 1,ecror:11i.< profuuduo: 1u
St:rr1tu,- vc.•utr.t.fu 111. l11t<:nt1l ahJomiu:i.l
oblique m.
Exte-rn.l! int,;.•rco.'>bl m. Tr.answrsc :ab,..tom inus m.

.Ext<.'rn11. abdomiu:il tf~1 Tc:itts\'<.'TSt: ah,fominu.s m. Exccnul .:ilx:lonmu l \(!f,' .· Pt.'ronc~ tertius m.
oblique In~ l')btiquc m.
ln,enrnl ,hd<11nm:ll /
G lut(.'lli mc::iliu~ m.
Rl'cCU'ii abdo1umus m. - - \ .~~ obhque m.

Tensor fasc i-;ic b t:ac m . ~~ IJiacus m. Tensor Usci:i:c b ut m.·
v.-~ws mcdi:ili.\ m .
PSf>:'lS 1n:t_jOT n i.

S:an orius m.' c;,.,.i-roc:nenuus ,n.
Senbmc::mhra;11>5us m

Scuuml!mbr.1nosus 1u. Sl•tni tcndinO~lts Si:mitendi.nosus m.

Figure 8.80 A wntnl ,'lcw ofth e ,uusdes o ( thc fou l pig. figure 8.81 A dorsal view of the. mlL,;dcs of th<.' f~t:al pig.

2 I .f ~ · -_i·,::AQ ' '!!11 12 2 -·~ b4 1 !s:'-~ ·, I• ·u ••-•-•·,,1 '' ---t ••.iiia __ ,,

3 10

4 ....-~-=--....~ t;;JK"- ! ' ~II:'

13

14 _ _, __-- · _s

J

-1(1 - - \w.. l- 7
84
--a .. . 15 "- II' • .... -_ 9

4 ~,.·;c ~·,l.<•..,.;, • - a ll) -~

11al:a!- / r~,• 16 i, 1 .:~......~.. - 11

s , ~_ - ~ ., l " ~ \~~:.. 12

, .,_ ,I:_: ~ ' 13

II } : ~ -,/ - _

_, :~- 1. . \Ill '',·V) \ ' l.'! 14
I :, / .
JS . ' ~ - - • '1' .. , ....~ - l I I , r, •· · I<>15
I'!
6 : ii I f..l ·1,:·1£ I . . . '1, •• . . . , - - - . ~ ., .. ,... _ ,1
•l,;f•
• 18

Figure 8.82 T h,: arccru,:s, veins. and Figure 8 .83 1l ,c .abdo,moal organs ofrhe fe.t.\l pig. Figure 8.84 Srrnctu1"1:.s ofdlC· :ihck,men :md

visct'ra o i" t.h <.' ntx·k a nd thor:«.;c rei.tiou I. Lu11g 7. Dfaphr,1g1n lower cx:tt\.·11llri1.-s.
of the fo"u pig,
• 2. Llve r (<m) ~t Spleen I . Lcfi vcm t 1dc 10. lntcrna.l mttrtOS't,11 vc~el.s

I. Larynx I0. !'tight h,ng. 3. Gallbbddcr 9. Ston1ach uf h1:art l I ~Splcc.-n

2. lnt('rnal ;ug,.1lar v, I I. Li\,er 4 . U mbilical ,.,ci11 JO. P,mc.r(.•.35 2 . Lun g 12. $t(H»:Jch
3 . Dilphr:l;'.,,'lll t3. P..u1cn·as
3. Extern.11j ugu lar v. 12. Trad1t':t S. SJlirJ I l'Olon 11. Kidn ey -L llw.- 14, K_jdu,·y
(5. R e nal w in
4. 1l1yro1d gfand 13. Axillary.,, 6. Umb ilical am:-nc.•s 5. UmhiJi<.'31vciu

5. Antt<rio r (supt'rior) 14. Aoricle of kfr

\"¢ 11.l C,IV;l atrium 6. Spul) colon I(, Posrel'ior (ini(."1'1(11')
15, I.di lung
6. Aurid,: uf nght 7. ll~('f'nd111g coloo v1.•na<.".wa

.u rium I 6. Oiapbr.i.gm S. Umhilic.:al arter y 17. Re ml .l1'tcry
7. Right vcmrick- 17 Spleeu
9. Thoracic .H>rtJ 18. Ab-cl<mtioal aorta

g C',0ron:u-y ve-.s..<;ek 18. Kidney
19. Small inr("itioe
"""''' 9. Lt:fl w:-ntride-

• A Photographic Atlas tor the Biology Laboratory

11 Ill
2 12 11
3 12

13 13
14
,~ 15
16
15
16 17
17
IK
I~
19

2•)

Figure 8 .85 Thc umb-enital Sfstt·m of the nu k· fottl pig. Figure 8 .86 Thc ut\>b~•lit:11 syste-m ofthe: fom.ilc fob.I pig.

l. Adn ·n.:J: gbud 11. Rt•t;:i.l win I. C:iu<l:tl (iuforior) \'t'Jl.l cavJ lO. l eft kid1wy

2. R ighi ktdn<.·y t2.. R en:il .llrTery 2. H. iglu ktducy 11 R t:Clltlll
3. U reter 12. Umbllic:il a1·te1y
3. C :md:J (iufo rior) vcnJ t'3Vl 13. Dor..al 3(.ma 4. U 11tbihcal a1•tery
5. O vJT>' 13. Urma:'>' bladdt:r
4. U reter 14-. lltolumh:tr :1n ery 6. Ho rn ofutl'nl$ 1-L 0\'·.ary
15. f t nx,ral :irt.:ry
5. Gcmta.1Vt"&sds 15. R c-cttun (cut)
16. lnrern:.I 1li:ic :1ncry
f,. <A'>ouH<>ll tlb c :a,tcry

7. Dul,uS {v.is) dcfCl'.\.'llS 17. External i.liac lrtl'.ry 7. tlody o i'uc(•rns 16. F~mo r:il wiu
8. Vagitu 17 U1't'lht.l
S. Spenn:mc cord IS. Fc,nor:il :u·tcry 9. U mbilical c:ord 18. Umb'l.'nic:iJ sinus

'J, Ep1d1d~•11)is 19, Unlllf)' bladd.::t

10. R ¼:,rf1t t<.-sU!i 20. Left t<."Stis

3h.....j~ 6

4 --...:!...-1.:.; 7

5 +---'-..!.la-'! figure 8.87 T he: gencnJ

254 s orstructures the tCtaJ pig braiu .

Bc.-c-.'llL<:c du.• cerebrum is k-ss
9 d('fincd io pigs. the n:gio ,ls, :are

uot known 35 lobes as tht·y -an·
iu lmnun$.
10 I. Occipit:il region o f cerdmun
2. Cerebellum

.t Mt·JuUa oblongat3

-1-. Spin:1:J cord
5. External acous.tic me.nus

<, Lc,ug11ud10:1:I tissu~

7. Parii:tal rqdon o f ce rd Hum
8. Front:al rc-~ion ofcerebrum
'J. Tt ntpOrll ~gioo of (~Tcbrum
10. Eye

( Cat Dissection •Vertebrate D1ssect1ons
)
9 10 11 12 1-1 I S 16
17

18
2

19

3

20

21

23
24
25

26

2fi

Rgure 8 .88 The <:at ! kdi:ton.

1. M:indlblc 7. Meucatp:\I l)01!CS 13. Sca1)11b. 19, lhum 2Fi. flibub
14. Ste,rnum
2. Hyoid b-on.._• S. Phalan~ 15. R j b 20. h chium '.:!b. Tarsal bom.-s
16 . Thom:lc n.-rccbr.1 2 1. T>ubis 27' MCl3tarsal bc:»1cs
3. Humerus 9. Skull 17. Lumh;1r \'C1'tchr., 22. C:1111.bl vclicb-r:i 28. Plu l.tn~~s
4. Ulm 10. Atla, (C l) 2'\. Pcmur
18. Patdb 24. Tibia
$. lt:idui~ 11, Axi<. (C:?)

6. C',.;irpal bo11d 12. Ct.rvical wrtebr.t (C3-C7)

2 72

3 9
K
Figure 8 .89 A dors:11
4·
view ofa cat l kull. .,
1, l'rem,l-xina 5·

2. Nas.l! born: ')
3. fro nt:11 hone
10

4

-4. SagittJ.l ~uh m.:

5. Coronal sutun: 5
6. Nudial crest
11
?. M»:ilu
Figure 8.90 A b tcr:d vfo·w of :i. c:u skull.

8. Zygo01atic I . Froutal boue· 7. J\•1aswid process 13 . Coro1101d pl"OC('SS

(uufar) bone- 2 . P:arica l bone it 1}'mp1nic bnU:i o[nund1hle

•>. Orhi, 12 3 . S4.uamc.>$:l) suture 9. N:1.sal bone 14. Zntomatic an:h

I 0. Zy~omacic .m:h -t. Tcmpot.ll hone 10. Pr<:m:ixdl:t bone 1S. M:audible
11. «!111p1.wal bone
5. N uch.J crL"~ 11. M>.xilla ·1b, Condylar pr«tS8

12. Pa.rict:..I bone 13 6 . Ext~rn.1I :icoustic 12. Zygom.1ric of mandible

I:t lnrc-r1>:ar1cul hone 6 l)lc.:1(11$ (n,3far) bone

255

• A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laborato~/

256

•Vertebrate D1ssect1ons

2

3

4

Flgure 8.93 An lllll~rior view ofchi: l"Jt
brachiun• a.1~d autebr:ichiun1.

I. 1?.:im~w,lW c.:1r-1)i rn<l1:1lir. 7 M:1<,~<,;tCt nl, Figure 8 .94 t\ \,enu'.i.1 view (>(the c..ac neck aud thor.lx

Jc.m~u.,; m. 8. Stcrnoma.stoid nL I. D1~~rnc m 6. CJ.wolw:ich1:1lt,;; m.
2. Or:ic:luor:idulis m.
J . Palmad, lou~us i:n. (Cl1{) 9. Cbvobr:ichi:iJis n1. 2. Mylohyoid m. 7. Pc-ct(uutebrachi.ili.s m.
4. FlcxM c.:1rp1 uhuri:; in.
1(1. l'cctoa11tebrach1ah.~m . 3. Stc:tnOIH:L'itOld Ill. S. Pl."croralis major m.
5. Pronator 1en:i m. 4. Cla\·(icr:1pet1lli n,
11. l->ec1ornli.!. m;:ajor m. '). PectorlllL" rn111or 111

12. PoctorJ.lis miuor n1. 5. M:isscter m .

6. Epirrochlc-uls

8
2

')

3
10
II

5

12 6

13
7

14

15

Figure 8.9S An :tnrcnor ,·,cw of the c;it trunk. Figure 8 .96 A fat..-ral vi<.'w ofcb:: cat shoulda :m<l b rachium.

I. Pl·ctor:tlis minor (cut) S. Stl·n1om:uto iJ m. I. Acronuotr:.lpczius m. 7. Urer.1J head ofn,ccps

2. l:.p1tr<1<:hle:1r.is 1n 9 . ~c:tlc-nu~:uu e..rwr 11L 2. Lcv,1tor scapulae WJ~tr~dj~ m brjdUi m.

3. SubscapuJari.s m. 10. Scalen u~posti:rior Ul. 3 . Spinoddtoid m. 8. Cl:tvutr:tpczius m.
,t Laussinms do r.s.i m. 9. Paroc:id gland
4. Sc:tlcnui mcdius m. 11. Epitrocblcari.s m.

5. '\en~WS :lJltC'ri()r II) ' 2. TraOS\~l_''\C C0:0:C\ntlll 111, 5. Long h,c-ad of tnccps brxbii m. It>. Acromioddtoid m.

6. laci:.simus dor..:i in. (cut) 13. P..·ccorJlis minor m.{cut) 6. Cl:i,"1)lwa.chta.li.s m. 1 1. Braclti<irJdiW ••L

7. E."((t•nial abdotniu.31 14. R echb abdomii:us m.

ol:diquc m. 15. Xiphilauneralis m. (cut)

257

"U1'
00 figure 8. 97 A btcral vtcw of the
~ -'' I1
~

" 6 c:u trunk.
I. lntenial ,,bdonutlll oblique t)l,

:tu / -~•-r ,., .._ .1·~:rF~. ~., . "'•t ~ ·I 7 2. T,·nsor bsti:t lauc
.;11\ '.l -- f 3. C.:;m(k1(cm, u·1~ m.
. J·..-- - -~ 8 ,t Va.~n1s lat'"-r.1.lis 111.
-I 5. S~rtorius Ill.
..- ~ .. ., 6. Exttrual .1bd(l111ioal obliqu(' Ill,
l- 7. Lm>tl-uum do,·si m .

~.....-..·••..it.1 ,.!1:~,.;.7 9 8. Spmoddtoid 111.
9. T1-a11.~wr:s.c .:ibdominis m.
5: --( vi '-; II[.. 1ftzi! ~ I- 10 I f), St rr.~(HS autl"rior tU,
. 11

I l. Loni; head of triceps br.1.dm m.

72

8 3 ..

1r-

2
9

, ...._. 10

-I 1l

L .....,......,. "-~
I "~ .9 ,,,-.... .. . . . . " ~·1t 2 I.I .Jlllllll - ' a ll
3 . .(1 ~

-l I' • <__.;.

10

' 11 5
7
6

13
6

14 12

8 figure 8.100 A mt.-dial ,•iew of the cat th igh :rnd fog.

Figure 8.98 l\ later.tl \'ie,v oftl-1t.· cat St1pt'rfici!ll thiJ.,•h. Figure 8.99 A htcr:i.l \'ltw oftlu· i:.l'lt rh ig h :md leg. I. S-artorius 111. S. Adduch-,r longus m.
2. V~nus b ,...-~1,~m , 9. Addunor t<'.ilH)i-iJ Ill,
I, S:\rf<H·1us ,n. H. f.xrern:i.l abd('lmm:il I. Glutt."us 1w:dim: tn S. Tt·nd o c~k ant•ui; 3. rtcc n1s fe mons m. I U. ScJu imcmbr:inoms m.
4. V:mus 1nl'dia,lis 111. 11. Gracilis 111. (cut)
2. GJut('l~ rtk•dius m. oblique.• m. 2. Clute-us m:iximus m. ~- v~cus l.:atculis m . 5. Acxor digito rum 12. Tc-1ldo c alc,rncus
:l. (.1uteu$ nuximl\S m . ~J. Tl':1l$or (;1.~i:1
J. Caudofe-nu)r.llis m. 111. Addm.'tOr fc-mor is 1u . loogt1s m. (Achilles 1<;-ncloo)

4. Q udo(ttmons 111. latax (cut) 4. Sci:uic nerve I J •Tcnui.ssimus m. 6. Tibia.Lis autcTi\>T m.
5. C:uxlal UL HI. VA<t1ts l.-1er:ili, 1H . 7. Rc.-c:nis :ahdonunis m.
5. Se111imembr.u1osus m. 12. Biet."PS fi:u1oris m. {cut)

6. Semiccm.li11osus m . ll. Bict•ps ft-m oris m. 6 . Scmite"ndinoms llL l l. Solcus m..

7. lmern.n) abdl"'>mi.nal 7. Ga.~rroci1e1111u~ ,n 14. l\::roncaJ 1n

obltque m.

9

10

11

• ;'3· '\'"7,/ E'7 .i &. ~.......,·~ ,. .. J: '2 2 bl': 1 ' --~ I'I - -· ; < ,;
13 ·,ftff,,,y. w&- ·, ·
t4 .' ):• 14 ~3 ---.----. '
15 1
·i llllLJ.' t l·T ~ ~ Is·1 "' - ~~-

K5 16 9

~"--.. •,.,if. I t)

'

- .6 4

7 --...._~ ·- :Il l . ,. . Ii s

11

~ :a&-~ ~ ~J;.-~~J.Bi 18

s

f ig ure 8.102 The hl.'.':irt and surroumhng stnicttl!e$ ofthe.- c:it.

Figure 8 .101 Th<- cat heart ,,..i,lun Lho.: pl.'ntardium of tht' eat I. T rJChC";i 7. E.xh.'n u l j ugular vt'iu

I. ~xteriul Ju_gub.r vein HI. Lcf, carond :mery 2. Conmu, n c:1.ro1id :arteries S. Left bt;1chioceplu lic vein
2. Vai;.,.,s nerve 11. E,m:maJ ju{,.rular vein
3. J\xill:wy \'tin 9 CrJ!)ial (superior)

3. R tght br;1.chioc<.·phalic w ill 12. Commo n c:uorid ,mcry 4. Rii;ln ,rt·ntnd: \1l'll3 CllV.t
4. Cr-Jnt:\I (w 11c-ru)r) ve11a <::w:i IJ. Phtetllc n<:rvt 5 Ldi ventricle
10. Br.1di.ioctph:i..lic trunk

5. l un~ 14. Br:tc:hioc:ephalic truu k 6. Vagt.is ncn.•c 1 1. Dm-s.-;J {d escm dingl :aorta
6. (",aUbJaddcr 15. Hean wtdlin pericardium
•
7. Uvcr 16. Di.1phragm
17. Swm:id1
I'S. Small hit..-.fi,,e 18. GreJ' tt r o mi:ntum

"'""'' 9. Trach1.u. "

~

0

b, I ' A:xdlary ,l . Ura,~hi~I v.
~ Brachia! a.

Long: thoracic a. / /' ltti b1·ach1oc~ph:ibc: ,1.

R ig.ht s ubd:'lv~n :l. / .,,, Pulmo11~1•y etook llcart
C<.·li:u: m.utk (br.mch<.-s
Br.iduoce-phalic trunk 1:Uglu sobcla,•,a11 v, .\ (
vem r :1.Uy from :10112) Right buduon-pha.lic v.
~-\+-- Dilpltr:igm
Left ga.~tric :l. S uperior w:ua Ca\~J_ Phrern~ v.
)-- _ ; ~-
Splcnic a. Conum,n 1lta< v. R.C'1U I ,,.
Adrenoliuu bar :11. Imernal di2c v.
f.t.·mor.d v. I.et{ J:§H"l'1ll;'lllC
Super-i(w lt'l<:Senceru• :i or o,~ri:111 v,
Spcrnu nc or ovari.ui .1.
ov;1T1:m .1. r_ Ii.. I{ \,;: lofe-ri<u· Wrl:\ ~~m
lhulo111h:ir :1.. i ----. lnfenor mts<.·11tt'ri<: .t..
Infer ior cpip;iwr ic :'I. ~ '~
\ Abdomfrla.l portiou ;l
Exh.·rnal iliac a. ~~
of.aona c::aud:al v.
F,:mor:i1 .t,4 -AI Caudal iliac :a.

I let"p t<"1n()r:1I :~

Figure 8.103 The princxpal artencs o(thl' cat, ve-mral vu:w (a= :ineq •). FtQure 8.104 Th e- prlm:iixil wi.n.s ofchi• Clt, wmnl \; ,,w (v = vdn).

•Vertebrate D1ssect1ons

Rcn:ll anl!'ry Ab<lo uuuaJ
n.n d w in portio11 of

the aon.l

Right kidn..1. • hll~l' J('II' V~l ):'l C,IV!I

Un.· tc1'!i. Sperm,Htc ath.'f)'

I S1x-rm.'.lllCvcm

2 Duc.-tus {v.a.s) d cf.:r..•ns

tO Urinary Prott:)l¢
bbdM'r

Ureth ra Cr 11~rem~
II BuJboutx.-tht'al
12 gfo nd Sperm.Ilic cor<l
An.1I gLind

P~•ni,
J Gbos pcnl<.

4

5 13 f igure 8.106 A diagr:un ofd1c urogenital system of-' uulc cat.

(,

14
7 15

8 lh

9 Abdomiual
jX)rtfon of
lite aort:i

'-ilL.-..J-lf---1nfenor veo:\ <":I\~

, i 2 ..e!..j.{--- -O\':u1:u1 3irre,y
' i---++ - -Qyanan n ·in

·-- -1--1..-- - Fimbri:tc

- :;t:-:_~'?,,-ur~rine 1ube

17 Un.·thrJ -..Z.-~--~

V:)gnt.l

Urogcmt:al
M i lke:

Figure 8 .105 An :interior view of the dt'l."P sa-U<:tun:s

of the trunk flf the.- c:u.

I. Right <:ommou 9. Colo n
<.-arobd .1rtl.T)' 10. Le-fl brachioceph:ili<' v,'1.U

2. V.1gus ncn'c 11 . Cr:mb.l (supc.rior) wna Cl\'2

3. Ht':trt (cut) 12 /\<11 tic .lteh figure 8.107 A diagr:un ofdtt' um~ niul i;ysti•m ofa fomale c:at.
•t Th<.H-.:idc aon.-i U . tmercosul am:ry
5. Liwr
14. Cdi;ic cr-unk
6. Ston,ach 15. Sup....rior nh.-SC-ntl."ric :am.•ry
1'1. K tdot1•
7. Spk•,:n
17. Urin:u-r bbdd1:r
8. Small im~rioc

261

~

N

2 , ,. ~ 12 9
13 2
3 10
{(fl, j14
15
,, -"

4

I ~ 4 (6

5

6 17

7 11

18 -4 ·==-=·1 12

19 ; 13

8 (,I , - = ,. ; I4

,,

. --., ~ I •?O

JO ,I -

8 --., -=:: 15

11

Figure 8.108 Tlw urogr:nit:il sysrcm of :1 m:Jc.- ot. Figure 8 .109 The urog,·uital system of :t fom:i.h·. C.ll.

I. Superior u ~scnt<.•n c ancry 12. Rt·n.il 2 1le?)' ;111d v('in I. K1einey 9. Sin:all int<:<(lllC

2 . Kidrn:y 13. R C"nal cortex 2. oU,n~:,tyer 10. Cauc.l.aJ {iuf..-rior) vcna C'.av:i.
11. Horn o f utcru!.
3. Caudal {lnfcr mr) vcna <.:11.1:i 14. R c1ul pdv1s 3.
4. Al'id1'1oJ11inal aorta
15. Reul! medulla -1. Urci'cr 12. Colon

S. R ight uret<.'J' 16. Lcfr testicub r win 5. U rio~1•y hl~ctder I~). Uody cfwen1t
6 . ll.ig:hr f(':$tu;ubr :utcty
17, Lt>{i- t¢.'.(.tJ<;11l~ 1• :lrtCI)' 6. Un-t1m1 14. V.1gint1
7. CuJon
8 Urt 1hra 18. L,:ft ureter 7. C litoris 15. Labi:1
I 1), Dt1cu.1s (v,,s) dcft>ren~
8. Vcsubule

9. Prustah.• 1 0 . U rinary bl:tddc.·r
IU. l>c-.u<;
11. R igh t t<.•&is 2 1. Spe:,111:u:ic. C<>l'd

22. L._ft t-.•sris

•Vertebrate D1ssect1ons

( Mammalian Heart and Brain Dissection )

8

6

7 9
2

2
8

3

4

5

(,

; 10
7

13

14

Figure 8.110 A \'t'nlral vil'W o( iuaumu1ian (shc,:p) h eart. Figure 8.111 A dun;il view of' mammili:m (sh t .:p) lu.-an.

I. Br.tc:hion·phalic lrt'l"ry 6, Aortic ard1 I. Aorr.i. 8 . llr,u:hion•phalic am.'l"-'

2. Cr.10.i.ll vcm-1 c:wa 7. L1g:un cnn11u anerkll&ulll 2. Pulmonary ;;irkry 9 . Cr:ini:il \'C'll:l c:w:i

3. R ight Juridc ofrigh t S. Puhuouary trunk 3. Puhnouary \'t'in lO. R ight aurid,

:nr ium '), Left :aundc of left ,lttium •I. tefr am1cfo 11 ll ight :tt1'1um

4. Jl.jght \'l'titr-icle I0. Ldi v...-ntnck· 5. Left :itnum 12 PuJmonary wiu
13. R ight vcntride
S. httcrveno icubr groove I L Apl"X o f h<;.arr 6. Atriovcmr-icul:ar gm°'"'

7, Left vemricle 14 l1it<'1-..it11-triCl1b.r g 1-oovt•

7

2

.l 5 3
4
~ 6
7
4 ')
10 R
2
5

(, 9 5
10

Figure 8 .112 A cor1)0:d -:e~o(ln ('If Figure 8.113 A ..:oron.ll section of the Figure 8.114 A coronal section
the mlnun::tlian (sht'('p) bean. manun:i.lian (shl'cp) heart sho,;,,•ing the- "3lws. (l(th<' 1u.:u11malian (sbeepj hearc
showing: opcniup ofrnromry
I. Aon.l I. O pcnini o f lhe a n c t ics.,
2. Crauia.1 w,ua. C:'l\'3 h 1';lchincc1)hahc :'ll't('ry
l. Op1:ning oi brad1iocephaJ•c
3. R igh r atrium 2. Puhn on.;try ,U'tl't) ' art c-r)'
4. R i~tt alrion-ucrii:uhr J, Lett atriow1urn:11lar (bicuspid) val"e
4. l c-fi v~ntriclc 2 . Opening offofi rnrun:tr}' artccy
(tr~usp,d) \';live 5. Op<;oiug <i(('r:i1l1.ll \'¢1U i;:iva 3. Opening oi r ight comn:u-y :.irrcry
5. R_ji:;Lat ,itmridc 6. O pt·niug o(i·orunary sin us 4. Aoruc vJ.lvt•
6 . lnte-r,·....mncuJ:ir scptiun 7. R ight :u·num S. Coronary \'t-ssd

7. l•u linorury :irtcry 8. Ri~ht atriOvt·utricul:i.r 263
8. Ldt atriovi:ntricidar (cri';:usp!d) v.:ilvc

(bicuspid) ,..,.,lw 9. ltight ,X'ntndc
10. [nte.rwnmculir scpnun
9. Ch<>!'J.lc l"ndinca,:
to P.\p1ll:wy n\u(;des

• A Photographic Atlas tor the Biology Laboratory

11'--',-,:J'~- l...ungitullm:i.J

ccn.-lH"ll fu:.un.·

-l-',;,--!- P:11,~~tal
lobe

(b) Vcrmis oi"
cen:bdtum
flgure 8.115 A dorSal \'-iew ofth e £http brJiu: {a) photograph: (b) d:agram
)._~,/-' c)';';:,----M,:duil..i obloupt:i

1, v~1·mi$ 5. C1!1'!'br:1I h<-mi!lphetcs
2. lvtedu]l:t oblon gat, 6. Cyrus
7 Sokus
3, Spil''l~I cnrd

·t Lun~'ltudinal ci:rtbral 11.2,W'l' 8. Ci:rcbdlar hl·misphc-ft'

7

O lfoC'f<wy buJh

8 ~ '-',.'µ....__ O lfactory

<) tr.let

If) Optic dU:tstn.a C cr.:hra l
:i.ncn~ c.1rdc
fl Opoc tr.act
12 Pi1uirnry gbnd .v1:1,,,1nilbn·
13 Qlypnphy~i'-j
body .
Tn~ouiual
14 nerve- A h d u c c ns

r-~d.1J 1K.•JV(' llt:"T\'\.'

Mc.-dulb Vc~ubulo c o c h li:ar
oblou~tJ
15 Clossoph:uyngcal

16 Spin.i.l cord - - - - ---~ Acccswry nCC\'t'
(b} S1)1n:il 1\('fVt'

Figure 8.116 A vc.•11tr:1.I \1icw ofshci:p brain: (:a) phomg:r.1.ph: {b) d.i.:igr:un.

1. Latel'31 olfactory b:u'ld 7. OJfaccorv bulh 13. RJ1in3J _.,ulcus:
2. O lfoc:t<"lr')' uigonc K Me<li.al 01&,,o,•y h ;and
14. Pons

3. O ptic tr.ict 9. Opnc m:rve 15. Medulla. obkm!;,lr.i
4. Trig,:min:tl nt·TVI.'
lO. Opcic ..:hia.<.m:1 16. Spin:iJ cord
5. Alxluc:eils. ucnre
6. A,:cessory w,::rn.· 11. Pyr,(()fm lobe

264 l2. Pimituy gb.nd (hy-pophy-si~)

•Vertebrate D1ssect1ons

2 10
11
7 12
8 14
9 16

C c rebrrn) , Ccrtbt!Juo, 265

Corpus Pim:al bod>' I
{gl:\nd)
(",llf()~1J lll TrlJlS\'t'r sc
Supcri(')r fiS!-tl l'C
c ollicuJ us

Luet:11
,'(; urr-ick

<I t h
w ntridc.-

(b)

O lt"actory Optic Thalamus M...sct>ccph.Jic• Me<lull;t
b~1lb <:hi:t~n,a :i:qut ,foct oblongau

Figure 8.117 A nght ~g-iruJ view <>-t the- shc::cJ) brnin: (a) p hot<>graph; (b) d i:igr-.ml.

I Surenor c<'Whculus 7 T hi.rd vc.11ttidc i-1. M t:dulb obl<mg:u.l

2. Pini:al body (Wand} 8. Optic d 1i :is111:i 1:>. Po~tt·rior co,mnisS-ul\.·

3. 1ntcrm<..-di:Ut' ma~ of th:ifanms 9. O lfactory blllb I(). Pons

-4. Septum pcUuc:idmn 10. .\1l•scnt:t."J}luli<·. (ct.·n.-bral) aqut'duct t7. Ccrebr.d pl."duudc

S. Intc..rwmri...:111:u· fo r\W-lt'll 11. InformI' collicului:

((orJ men ofM\)Juo) 12, 4th wmridc

(, . A ntt:r ior commissurc- 13. Spin-al cord

• A Photographic Atlas tor the B1olog,, Laboratory

2 8
4
10
Figure 8 .118 A ldi: i.:igiITTl vi<.•w ofthe shl.'1..'P br:i:i1L 1l
12
I. Ctf('b,:!lrnu 7, Po nt 13

2. Superior colhculus S. Spl-.·n iwn ofcorpus c:tllu.-.um 14
15
J . A 1~)\"I I' VIU~ 9. H :ihcnub r ll igon<"
I (,
4. lJ'1J~rior t'.f.}UiculUs 10. F6rnix
17
5. -I-ch vemridc JL Bod)' ofw rpus c.:.Uosum
13. (.;cuu of corpl•~ caUo~•m
14. M:umni!hry body
15 . Tuher cincreum o lhypoth:1b1mu,
·16. Pitui~ty ~talk
17. Pituit-ary gbnd (hypophystj)

<-., Mcdulb oblo1,g:n:1 12. I..itc-ral v~nrrid e

Figure 8 .119 A btl.'ntl Figure 8.120 A don:d
\·1<::w o f1h~ hr:'11t~r;:m.
V1(;W of 1he br,l11)Sl¢ m
I. Pons
2. Abduccns Jlt'n'<" I. Me.dial gi:nkul.ate body

3. Me<luUa oblong:ic:i. 2. Corpora i.)uadngcmin;i
4. H }'IJogl,o<.:S,11 HCl'\'e
5. Spin.ll <'(Hi.I 3 . Sup<.·n o r colliculus
(,. L:1u~r.1J gcrn.:ulatc body 4. lnfr·r i,:i,, ,oll!e11lu~

7. Media l gcnind.atc body 7 Hi 5. 4th \'l..'Utricle
R 'li•ochlc:u ne1vc.: (1. Dol's.11medi:an sulcus
9. Trigt'nuu31 m·r-,~ ~
10. Aa<.-'":>So1y m·rw 7. l memtt•.J.iatc nuss
2{!
o f th~lamus
9
R. Malx.-nuJar tngou~
;
2 II 9. Tiufamus
10 6 IO. l1111e-~I glaud
12 I 1. l\faWfo ccn.·bcU:l!

13 pedundc

12. Ante rior cc-rcbclfar-

3 1x-.dv11ck

~ 14 13. Po.:m:rior ct:rc.•bdlar
ped uncle
5
15 14. Tubcrn1lum cu11..:atmn

15, f::t~<'k•thl<; gr;.lr-il1t
16 16. fasc.:ic:-ulm ,.:uw:atus

266

Human Biology

Bec.1use hmn;ms ~re vertebr:1te Qrg;,ni~ms.. the. uud}' of hum.m Bec;iu/le oi common.1.liry of pren:1tnl dt'\'dopm ent ,md du:tl
b iology is .lppmpnate m :t ~cner:tl bi<>logy cour~ . Jlumm1 m1atcmy fun c:tic)t!S v i some of the o r~ns. the uriw,ry 1}'Sttm ;ind n.·pnidud i,,t•
1s t he scie:mific disciplini:: th:it invest1~:1tes the structure- ofthe bod y, Sy.Hem may be co11$idcred rogrther -:i.s the 1m';{!t.~1ital J)'.Ut'm. The
and humm, pltysi<,l~t?Y 1..c: t ht stie-utific discipline- that lnvt'Stig;.,tes urinary s:yste-m. con.sist1ng ofthe kidneys. urcter.s, 11rimrrr blndcler,-:i.nd
how body Sln 1ctures lunc:tton.1~he purpose of tlus ch :lpter 1s to utttlua, e-.'<trac~ :u1d proces,,;es wastes from the blood in the form
o ( un1\e . Tht1- nt.-tle :111d l~ftl~lle repn)ductl\o·e sysrerus produce
pre.sent :i '\-·1su:J lWCrv1evv of the- prl11cipal anaro uucaJ SLJ·ucl'ttrt'i reg-ubl!Ory honnoues an d gan1t'les (spen1t 31\<l ova, respeccivel>1}
of che human bod)'. withul rhe gonads (cestes aod O\'lnes). Sexual reprodu c:t10 1) 1.'l
the mechanism fo1 propag,u1on o f 0Jfspri11g that J.1.1.ve tra.Jts
llec:tuse both the skelet,1/ systt'ln :ind th<- musrular ~1•s1em ate from both pauuts..The proc">ss ofprenatal dewlopmeru is made
<.'011cerned with body tlh)'-'•emeul. t hey a,·e- trequt'utly d.iscus>ed possible by the formation of cxm,embryonir 111t·mlmmcs (placema.
together as the skt,ft·w11mstul,H1ttt systNu. In a fimcrion:tl sen~t!'. the umbilical co1\1. allanrois. amnion. chorion, and yolk .S'..lc) within
the uterus of chc prcgnam woman.
ilexible inte111.·d framewoik (or bont'S ofthe skeleton) supports and
provides movement at che joims, whc-rt~as che muscles attached Figure 9. 1 The pbne. ofreference 111 a person
while sc:indiug iu anawn1jcal position. ~Ole auaLOntica)
to the bones produce their actions as they are stimulated to position pm,..;dcs ;i b:i..,is of reference for describing
comract. the rd arionship of one body pare tc) another. In the

The ncrvom ~yst~w is anatornkally divided into the cmtml .u1:1Lo11llt-al poi;ition, the person is ~Laud.in~, tlte feel ;u~
n m1ow i)'SU'JII (CNS), which includes the lm1i'n and spU1t1I cor,I, p.ira11d. rhe eyes a.re <lirecr.c<l fonv,wd , and the ,mm
::ind chc pC'ril'heral nerV1J1t,>:;yJti'nt (PNS}, wbkh ind udt·s the
rnmMI tU'rvcs, ;1ri:,;ing fn) m the broin. ;111d th<.~ Sl'iual m:rv..·s, :arising :·u't" to the skies wuh the p~thns turned fot \\":II\I and the
from the ~pin:tl cord. The am1momir t1enmu.,; f)'$tt'l11 (ANS) is ~ finger- poimed (,frnight down.
·ti.mcrion:11 division of the ncrvOu$ system devoted co regubtu)n I. Coron.al phllL' (froiual p);mt')
c)finvol11nc.1ry :tcrivitit:s o( che body.The: hr:iin ;md spin,11cord :m: 2. Tr-.msverse plane (cross-sectional pb nc)
the cemers fur intt'f.,'Tlti-On and cO()rdm:mon of information. 3. Sagittal plane
Naws, composed of uturom-, co1wey nerve impul~s ro and l:rom
the bra.in. St·wory c,~mL~, such 1s the tyes and ear$, rrspond to
1rt1pu1ses m che e-nvironrnent .tnd cotWC'y $t-ns.1t1011s to the
CNS.1"he ner,..·ous syscen1 fiu'lctions \'•tiLh t he mdocriuc sysum m
coon1ioattng body -:1.c11,•1t1es.

Tht:- arrdiov,ua,ia($y.uem Ct.)ns.ists o f the heart, 1,e4<st•U{both blood
and lymphark ve:uels), blciod, and the tls$ue-s that produce the blcl(,d.
The four...chambeted human heart 1s endose.J by a perimrdial s@:
w ithin the rhoradc c.avity. Artcrie$ and ,mt.TtO!t'i rranspon blood

away from dw he-art. wpillarit'f pe rmeate the: tissues an d are th e
fimc.rional un.lts for product <.'xch:mge with lhe cells,and 1'1.'>l11tlt's
:md tl'(.·irrs transport blood to,vard tit<.~ heart. Ly1111•haticvt·sscL• return
inccrstitiaJ fluid back to the drculatory system afi:er first passing
it thruugh lymph ""'Jes for ckan~ing. Blood cells ~uc produced
in chc bone marn,lw, and once old nnd ,,urn, they arc broken
down m the liv<-·r.

T he n-.(1n'r,1b.)ry S)•Mnu consists of the <1md1t<Ji,~~ diliisum th(lt
tr:m.'Sf'{) rti; ~ir tQ -.amt (mm rhe r~pirarory divi,sim , wtthin tht:

/u,'R,·· Thl' d/11,0/J' <>f the hmh>s cont:1ct the c;ipiU~rit:.s of tht:
<.·:,rdu,v;1scubr ::,y::;tem :ind are the SJtO fo r tr;m ~port ofn!i;p1r.ttOry

gases into and out of the body.
The ,l~vpti,11: " )':ltem ..-.on $tSt) of :i. /i,a.strninUtJt;,,.,J Ima ((;J tract)

and a(!'t.'S:.o'l' d~f!t:Slil'c' or~~mu. Food tr:lvd mg through tht' GI tr:tct
1s proct:SSt'd such Lhat 11 is suitable fo r absorpL10 0 through the
1f\tes.tJJl:t] w:1U mto the: bloods11-eam. The- f>dHCTCtl5 au d /;v('r are

tht' principal digesti\lt' organs.The pancreas produces hon nonf'i
and eiu.ymes. The W..'"t:r pfoces.,;es 11.ulrieJtts, stotes glucose as
glycogen, and exc.t-etes bile.

267

• A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory

lo
17
18
19

20
21
2

22

23

figure 9.2 ·1he inJJOt' body !X'r,~~nd •"tg,1011~ ,n h o1ttJ11~ (bip«l:il vertch•'t4tc).

(a) An .mtcTior vie-w. anti (b) J pun1:rior \'i·w.

I. Upper c-xrremity 9. P.:alm:u· region (p:ilm) l7. Antcb1';ld 1111m (forearm)

2, LO\\/'cr t•xtn:nn ry JCt. P.lteU.lr rc~1on (patella) 18. Glut~al n:giou {buttock)

3. Hc.-:i.d 1l. Cctvic:il rt-gion 19. Oonum of h:md

4, Neck, .1nterior- :i~1,('ct 12. l )dm1d l'("gi<>,, (sh011ldcr) 20. J!c,1n<H';ll regio n (lhig,h)

5. TI10n.x (dtt·st) 0. Axilb (armpit) 2 I. Pt>plit<'.".11foss:i
6. Abdonh:n
14 .lk1chium (upper :trm) 22. C.li'

7. Cubit:J tOSs:i. l5. lumbar n-g iou 2 3. t>bnur smf.lcc (sole)

~- Pl1h1c tegion 16 l~lhow

, - - --'r--Plt'Ul;'ll <:.:aVil)• ,-,;. 3
(.sur1"<1t111ding fung)
e 4
\l,\--''\-1-,f-- -+ -PtrlCmlial c.\1.,;ty D 5

(~urrou11din~ h1t.:irt) R·

:,
~·

"'

I )iapl. n1gr11 6
2
-1- - - - - - Abdo1ninaJ cavuy
(conr.:mH ab1k1min:il 7

\ri.ic.:•12 ) Figure 9.4 An MR inlilgc ofthe m mk showing

- ,..\<'----'' - - - - - l-\>tv1C" C:l\'1')' , he body civiues :'Ind their r.oml."ms.
(contain:. int<.--rn~
rt•ptoducuvc ol'gans) I. Thoracic c:Mty 5. lmag..: of n b
2. Ahd011)mo1'JClvic ,::)Vity
\ tt. lo,;igc l)f luo,b~r
Figure 9.3 1\11 :1.11ttr-iot view (coronal 1,l.1ne) of dHt
body <1. 1\•iti1.~ of th e- mmk. 3. lma~re ofhtu.lrt Vt'rtcbr.J

268 4. lm::.ge ofd1:iphr:igm 7. lnugc t)f ihum

Dcrm,s---1 •Human B101om,

Srr:num corm:um

Dt.·nual JXtpilht"
Mets.<:nt"r's (acrilc) cocpusdc
•P-~~ - -"'----Smsory rc,cptor

- --'li--'"-'{'.-~ ~ - - - Am,ctor plli musck-

-tt--- -'-':--- - - - - -;li'--....;r-'~ :J--\-- - - PJcm1:an (l:undl.ucd) corpu.sde
·~i1, c':r-- - Ap,of'r-iuc <,\~at gl:rnd

f igure 9.5 The skin :utd ....2 r ! •I ,.•
'-'!erum epKlem,:.tl s1rocuux•s,
& 4·3 • ~ . . 5
2
J Figure 9.6 T he gross -.. -~ ::.--:.-..... " .,,. .. •
4 structure of th~· skin
'
s :rnd uudcr-l~•iog fa<;<i:i -' I
~
l. Epidt•nms ,
, ., •
2. I >e-rmis •,

3. Mypudcrmis Figure 9.8 An cJcnron mictog1':lph t>( bone con1p.1a ns,;uc..
-1 . P:Lsci:::.
5. Muscle

I lucen;ric,al l::uneUa(' •t lacunat·

2 L:undbe .5. ( ff;fe<m (H :wc.l'(i:in

3. Ccntr:l.l canal .S)'$ t m 1)

(Haversi:m c11ul)

2 2
3 J

4 Figure 9.9 A tr.\Jlsvcrse$C<:tion ofc,.vo o~cotts.

1 Stranml corntum ; I . l.acm12e with conuined 2. ("..cmn1I (Hlveni:in) c:1.n2ls

2. SrrJmm lucidum b vstcot~•tes 3. L:unellae

6. Dermis

269

• A Photog,aph1c Atlas for the B1olog,, Laboratory
(___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _S_k_e_le_ta_l_S_ys_t_em_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _)

21 15
2 II,
17
22
18
3
22
•I 2., 23
24
5
2,-1

(,

7 ,. .,

8

9

10 27
II
12

29
13
14
15

16

17

31

18

,.19 _,

20

Figure 9.10 An a.in,...rior view of the skeleton. figure 9 .11 A posterior vi.(.·w of the sk.:k"ton.

I , 1:reiuuJ bnn(: I 2, 1'111,i( 2..1 Sc:ipub 1 P:ir iet:)I bone HI. Tihi.'I IIJ. IJ..:'tchu~
2. Zygom:mc bone 24. M:in ubrmm 2. Occ:1p!al bone 11. F'ibula 20. Ulua
13. C2rp:1J ))()ni;_-s 23. Canal cartilage 3. Cervical vert<."hra 12, 1'iktat:irsal b,mci. 21. Coccyx
22. C:trpal bouc--s
3. M:iu<libk. 14, J\•\('-tal~rp:d IXJn,:$ 26. T hol'lcic v.:rtcbr.t 4. Sea.pub Lt J>Jul.ut~cs.
27 llaciius S. Humcruf. 14, M:H)d1blc 23. M <."LlC,ltl),"11 b<U)CS
4. C:t"rvic:al wn..-bra. 15. Ph:tbng<."S 6. Ilium 13. Cbvick
28. Ulm 24. Phal:mi;l."3
~- C l:w1ck Ifl, femur 29. Sympll}'1'i1' pubi.-. 7. S:ic.rum 16. T hor:idc vcrt~br:i 25. T.us.:11 bones
.JO. f ;buh S. ls.::hium 17. Rib
6. BoJ.y ofst.:rnum 17. P:ndb. 'J. l~cnmr I~ Lumh,-.r vct11,hi':'l
7. R.Jb 18. T~r:-.1l boncs 3 1 ~, ibi2
8. 1-Jumcms 19. M<:bbrsll bones

'). l.umh:il' veru·hra 20. Ph:tbuge,;:
10. Uimn 21. Orbit

11 . Sacrum 22. M2xilla

270

•Human B10!0©-

2
10

2 3 11
3 IO 4 12

4 11 13
12
5 14
5 1:1
14 6
15
6
7 lf,
• 17
8,,
18
8 15 l 'I

20

Figure 9.13 A J.m:-r:tl view of the hmnan ,..kull.

1. Co1·r11ll)l q1n11·e 11, Sqo3mos.1:I $u111tc

Figure 9.12 An :-mterhw view o( 1,h~ h uman skull. 2. Front.al b()rJC 12. Ttm.por..tl bone

I. Front:i.l bout" 9 . Supraorbit:ll nurgin 3. Llcrim;al bone 13. Lunbdojd:l) suture
2. NaS:l.l bo11e 10. Spbeuoid bone
4. Nasal bout 14. E.trer11aJ acou.-;ti<: mcatt1s

3. Supt·rior orbittl fiss ure I l . Pcrpcnd.irnb r plate of 5. Zygonutic bone 15. Occipital bout'
4 Zyg,.,m:uir hon.e crhmr,id l)()!l¢
r•. M:tx1lb. 1'1, C:ood}far p in<;<"$$ o ( m:u1dible
3. Vomn 12. ln(borbit:i) (or,m1cu 17. Ivb ndib ub r notch
7. Prt"mob.rs

6 . C:intnc 13. Infer ior n:isal conc:h~ 8. M<.'br.s 18. M:,st,)1d pn.,e-.,:ss, of ccm;)C)r.;il bOlll'
7, lnci~ors It M>.,il1',
8 . M e mal for:1111ro 15. t\'bndiblt 9. fvl.audibh· 19. Coronoid ptucess of m:u1dihlc

10. P!lt icu l hone 20. .'\ngtc of in.m<l1hlc

11 iO

12 11
12
13 13
14
14 15
16
15
271
16 4
17

5
6

19
20 7
21

22 s

Figure 9. 15 A s:,gitcli vit.'w l.)ftht' hmn.u1 s.kuU.

I. Frc)u1JI OOi>I! 9 , P;iTic1.3J bone

Figure 9.14 An inCerior v i~v o f dtC' hum:ut skull. 2. Frout:d sinlL~ 10. Oc~1pita.l bout'

I. ludsors 9. Forameo mai;tmun 17. MandiblJar tO.-:s-a 3. C1"isL1 g-:-ilb o f 11. hHe11ul arou<11ic

2 Canine 10. Super ior nuch.aJ lint' 18. Styloid proccs:s of eth111<.1id bone me:itus
4 Ctibnf<w11, pbt<' 12. Seib h.1tdca
3, lntcrlll!lXHfary S\ltur<:: I I • PT<.~mofars. rcmpon1I bone

4. Maxill.1 12. Mola.rs 19. M:moid proct's~ of of<.·thmoid bone B. Hypoi;lo:;s.ll cau :J

5. Pal.ulnc bone 13. Zygom.tric bone tempor:tl bone 5 . N:tMI bl)llC 14. Sphcnotd;il 'linu~

6 . For:uncn ova.le 14. Sph1.mo1d hone 20. OccipnaJ 0011dylc 6 . Nas:d c(mch:i 15. Sryloid prOCt-S!I of

7. Ponmen b ccn11n 15, Zygnmi1ric ;.lt'(h 21. Tempo ral bone 7.. MaxiDJ tcutpor:J bom:.·

8. C..1.rocid c:au.1..1 16. Vomcr 22. On·ip1r:tl b out" ~- Mandible 1<-i. Vomer

• A Photographic Atlas 1or the B1olo!Of Laboratory

2

1(1

3

11

12 9

2

13

14 3

5 15
~

6 If,

7

s lf)

18

19 5

6

11

Figure 9.1 6 A l,,llpctior i.it\V of th~ tTii1iunL 7
12
I. ~m1m:il hoo~ 1O. <:ri-s.u g:illi o f ethm01d b<>ue
13
2. For.uncn <.~t>cmu 11.Auknor crJmal foS>a

3. C ribrifonn pb tc of 12.Sph~noid bone

ethnl.()id ll<,. uc 13. F(lranu: 11 rotuudum

-t O ptic c:tm! 1-L $dl:1 rurr.1c:a of ~)hcnoid b()!H'

5. For.uu<·n ov-.ik· 13. For:Wtt'Ulactrum

6. Petrou.s pan o f JG. Pora.men spin~um Figure 9.17 A posl'l·rlor view ofd1i:
1em 1x 1ral booc
17. luteru,~I acousc:1c rne:i.tus

7. Tt'mpor.11 bone 18.Juh'll.lar formtcu w rtcbr.., I colu mn.

~- For:1111,e.o IH:lgnnm 19. 1'<>.U:c:ri1'.>t cl':'lni.ll J<"tss.,:i 1 Acl:.s 8. S:t('l'<Hlb(' J()IIH

9. Occtpiul hon<"" 2. A.x1s 9. Ci:-rvic;tl vc-rtebr:tc

J 7th C<'rvic3.I vi!'rtebra I<t, Thor.lCJ<' \l?t t C'brle

4. 1st d1o r~ci1.· wncbr:t 11. Lumb.1r n•m:bra"

5 121h d)(')rac1c vcncbr:i 12. Sacru m

6. 1st lumbar wrtt:bra 13 . C\)CCyx

?• 5th lumbar w ncbr.a

3
4

5

Figure 9.18 Au :mtcr iM vic.-w ofrh" rih cage.

I, I , Tt ue rahs ($t\•c.11 pain)
2. F:tlsc: r i~ (fiv1.· pl.in)

3.Jui;u.hr- 11otch
7 4. tvt:wuhrium

5. Hod)' ol ~ternum

6. Xiphmd pror1.·s:s
8 7. c~ul c.:i,,-ilag..-:

8. Floatin1;, ribs (iuft'"rior t wo

9 p:i 11-s of !al"' 11hs)

II)

9. 12th thoncic v«tc:br:i

10 . 12th rib

272

Figure 9.19 An :uu c11(ll' •Human B10l0©-
5 vie\V o( lhc lcfi sc:ipula.
()
( , I. Supt•rio r bo1dcr Figure 9.20 A
postt•rlor ,•i t"\V of 7
2.Supt1·1<w !l11gle ,he left sea.pub.
.3. Medial {vcncbral)
l . Ac:rom io n
bcvder 2. <.,;tcnoirl fo.;.s:i
7 4. Inferior :an~ c 3. Uter'll (:i.x. ill:.tr)')

8 5 . :\Cf"OIH! OU b ord e r
6. Cor.tC01d pruc..-ss 4. Sup..:rior aogle-
5. Su pt:i~pin<10<1 (o~
9 7. C fen oid fossa 6. Spine
7. Ln foispmous fosS3
8. Infra~d;:uo iJ. tubc:rcli: 8. Mcdi:il ('-'1-~·rebr.il)

~. $uhs~apub r l•f8:l border

10 10. Later.ti (axill:,ry) 1>. Inferior .,.ng)I'"
bordl.'r

9 16
17

I I)

ii 3

8

12
13
14 18

15 9
5
Figure 9.21 Tht: ngfn humt·rns. Figure 9.22 Au a ntt·ifor t1it.w
10
(..t) Ant\'..rh)f vic, v. :lod (b) pt6rer1or v1ew o( the n ght u lni11 and radms.
I. Troddtar notch figure 9.23 A posti:r:ior \!kw
I. Grc-:.atcr rubcrdc 10, Surgic..l! nc-ck 2 . H c:1rl of r;,dim, uf dlt' nghl uln:a an d rldtus.

2. lrnertuber<:-ub r groove 11. Po~enor bod)' 3. ~eek o( mliti> I Okcr.1non
·L R•.-.cli..ll niberoii~• 2 . Lo<';icion of rldi:J! nO(ch
3 l.(:.(.~Cr mhcrck- (shaf~ o( h111Y1erus 5. Int('TOS.e<>us margin
of ulo:i
•I. Ddtoi<l tuberosil)' I~. O lc:a:anon fo.s.sa 6. Loc~uion of ulu:ir notch of .3. Intcmsscous m:u-giu
5. Anrcno r h~1dy (shall) t3. C:orouoid fossa ~dius 4 I-lead of ulna
l-1. Me<lial ._:picoudyk 5. Styloid process of u.l.u:t
of' bmncni:> 7. Stylmd proct--ss of radms
8 , O Je..-~ n<u1 <, H e:i,i of r.ldiu~
6. l:ttcr.11 supr.1condybr ridge 15. T rochlca 9. lntt.•ro~cous nt:irgiu
10. Ned llf ulna i . N « .k o f r.ad1us
7. Lneml eJ)ir<1o<lylc 16 i\ll,ltomic~I nc<'.'k 11. J·kJd <.)( ulna ~ I111crO<Senu~ ma.rgh1

$. C:::ipirulum l7. Greater tubercle 9. Ultur not<:h
1() $tyloid proct-<;;S of ~ d n1$
9 f-lc:.u l of hULll('l'US 1$ La.tt rJJ epico1,d~·lt
27 3

• A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory t

') 2

IU 3

4
11
12 5

(>

13 7

14 ~
15
I r, 9

Figure 9.24 An aru e-r1(1r v.cw "ftb~ a.rticubtcd pelvic glrdk , flgure 9.25 A 1><,sterfol' vjew 1)f tht artk-1.i.lJttJ rd \'iCg,rctlc.

showini; dtt· tv.u coxal bom.--s. the SJc1um. aud the- two ft·umra. showiui; the two c:o.ul bones. th..- s.anum. :md the two fomor.1..

l. Lm uba.r \'t:rtebr.i 9. Crest of tlu:. ilium I . Luml:xtr vtrl.:br..1 'J. lute.rtrod1ar11eric ertSt

2. lmcrw r1d,r.tl disk 10. Sacroih ac jo int 2. Cri;.~ of ilium 10. Sacroiliac joint

:;. Ilium 11 S:icrmn 3 . Ilium 11 Ac:c1.:ahul1111l

4. UUc l'ossa 12 . Pc-h ie brim ,L Sacnuu 12. O bturator fo r.uui;.•n

5. Anterior supenor 13. Ac,·ubulum 5. Cr,:-ate r sc1:mc norch 1.3. 1.schium

ili:K: spine 1-l. Pubic ,:rest 6. Coccyx 14. Pub is

() , Hc-.id of rCmur 15. Ohnu~tot fot:l rncu 7 l-lt :id of ft•,n ur 15. Pubic anglt'

7. C f\:.itcr trod1antt•r 16. lsc.hiwn 8 . Grt'ater trodl:uH.:r

8. Symphyst.5 pubis

13 15

14
15

IC,

5
17

()

18 16
I'! 77

Figure 9. 26 'lhe le.fr fomur. (a} An ;intenor V I (-"\\' :md figure 9.27 A,1.:amcrior ,·,cw o ( tlu: {:a:} ldi p-.ucU~. tibia,

{b) a pu.m:rior \'iew. an d fibula. {b) A pOitenor new of the lcCt abia a nd fib ula.

I . fuvt'.I ca.pitiS: femori.,; 1 I. lat<.-r,1,J condyk I. Ba..;:.: o(patdla <>. l.3tcr.tl coud~•l1:

2. He:id I 2. Inrercondy1ar fossa 2. Apex of plldb 10.Tilna) Mt icular foct-<t oftibub
J . N eck. 13. 1-1(."::tti
3. Mcd,:il <'•ll d ylt> t I 1-feM of iibub

4. Le~<.·r rrodtaJH<.·r 14. Fowa capitis fomor i:i 4.Tibi:;31 n,~n.tsity 12. N::ck o(fibula
5. Mt·cli31 epicondrk
(). P·.udbr surf;;icc 15. Neck 5. Amcrnw e re:., c'li ubi:t 13. Dody (sh:tft) l'>ftib ul.-
16. Lesser ttoduntcr
7, Gre:iter t1l)c hancc r 6. Body (shalt) oftibi:t l-t. L:ncral m:tllcolus
8. lutcrtnxhamerit· nest J7 I me-~ :l~J)Cl';l Oil $h :111
(bod}•) of f.:mur 7. Mcd1:tl 1h:illcolu, IS, Fihular at 11cubr focec (Jf11b1:t

8. lnte.rton<l)•b r tube-n:k, 16. Fibubr notch of tibi:r.

Y. fnt1'.:1rroduntenc line I~. MOOi;al epicondy1e
10. Latcra.l cpiC.'(mdyfo 19. Medial condyk

274

Occi{,it3.li.s. m,

OtbicukirL~ ocuJi 1u t".§.1 Tr:.1pc·21us. n ,.

Orbicubrk om 111. . ,~ ~t<'modc1do11t:1<L()id m 11
Stt·rnodeidom.:.utv1d m_ Jnfi-a::.-puutus 1n.
1bt~s m~ror m.
\ ' I r - Oehoid m. Lon~ lu:a.d of
triceps hr:ic."hii m.
P~r101~lts. r)UJot m .
Latcr.il ltt'ad (\(
1n<:cp, l-r:irhi1 111

Scrnnu~

M t'd ,:al head oJ
rnccps bnchii m.

R~t·tus Jb<lom1U1,,: UL Bncluor.adfa.lis m.

EX(tn sor <.':.Hp1

Umbihn.~ - - - - ltl n:,.,-l.;m ~

Flo.:xor carpi rAdi:tbs 111 Fkxor carp, .C,,
l1J1h.1uris kmi:,"'-1~1u ,
. . .ferl~I" f:'l~('I:\~ ~'-· ,{ (,, ;I Ii, Glu1e:us ulmd!-oru n
Ptctmtlt, 111 niaxuuu~tu .
1:1.t.u.· m. i_ E.xt~n.sor digitonirn m. C
Gr,.1.<-ih-: in,
a...Kxrc-nm r rct11,ac11l111n

-".<,,'
iD
CrJcilbm. ·· Vasms Lm.'t'.lh.'I UL
3
Addocwr !onJ.,.'W m.
1\'mk111 of rectuj Recnti fomuris m. Long h<:ad oi

(e u \Orl> m . va..w s latnafu n L b1c:t.ps 1l",uciri, 111.

-------.i:...'.Patella . V:c;ct1s iue<llalis in . Scrnin,emhr.'1111).SOS 111. ~~ Scrni1cod1110.w: m .

fib-ularis l\m.b"l.lS m .\'1cdb..l hc:ad o r Sb011 head "(
Tib1:1hs.:iutcnor m.. ),;lSO\"lctlCIIII~ m . biceps femon-: HL
Extensor digitorum
Pa tdlar b~mlt'nt longu~m. .l..Jtc-ral head o( P.1.1phfi:.il tl>si-l
C:ou.'Oc tt<:nuu.s m. ~
Fibub rJS br<·vis Hl, g:i~fr(l('llCIIIIUl> ttl. '

S1-,lc11~ n, 1 Sol eus 11\

'"R·ndo calc:1.n t'us
(j\ chilks' u:11d,111)

Figure 9.28 An :unc-rior vil"w o.fhum:m mus<;ub turc (m = muscle). figure 9.29 .I\ poS-h."r iur \·it·w of human umsc:u latW\' (m = musdc). •

"....'.

U1

• A Photographic Atlas tor the Biology Laboratory

2
3

4

5

figure 9 .30 An ante1ubtl'l:::.J vk·w oftlK· tnmk and upper :irm.. Figure 9.31 A po~crolatt•ral view ofthe trunk anU upper a rm.

l. Sti:rnodeidomas.toid m. 9. Pt·ctor.i.lis minor m. 1, 1~ r ct •llSl)l, .., 1 (:1'('~ t)l :.\J(U' fll,

2. T.:ndon or 10. llrachfa]IS 1n . 2. Tnan~... 1.l Jll'intit:uio n 10. Tr icc,ps brachii m.

5tl'rnOdl~ldoo,a5toicl 111 11 13tC<'J)$ b1~1dui n1 3. L::iti'iMmus d ors1 mm. (kmg h~d}
4, Vt~m:bral colum n t I. Serranu anterior nun ,
3. Pt•ctoraJi.s major m . Oong h cJd)
4. S.tc:rnum ' 12 St·rrJtus antl:orior m. (spinous proce~c.-s} 12. E,m:rn:J abdominlll

5. R«tus abdominis m. 13. Ext..-rn-:i} ;ibdominal 5. l;Juttut lll:"l:,."'lm u~ m obtiq~•c m

6 ' li:1ldi11ol1~ U1S<:-rtptfon!: o f rec- oblique m. (r('llccted) 6. Dd 101d m . l3. Ilia<. c1'<."St
7. l11fra~pill:th1l> m. 14. Gluteus nn ·d,us m.
ltts :ab<lominis ro. 14. Extc:rn:iJ ime-n:ostal m .

7 . Umhilicm, 15. Tt:m.1,vcrse :.h<lommis. m . 8. Ter~ mino r m.

8. Ddroitl 111,

Figure 9.32 'TIH· '-Upt•rfi.::1:l) 7
8
l'llllS.d<'!: orgluteal and thigh 9
r~ ' l o ns.

I. Gluc.c~•~ m~xinm<: an.
2. V:t'itlls Lucr:1b m.
3. Bicepl fomon:-l m.

4. Sc-uUtendinosus m.

5. Srnum<:m hr:llll)o:;iH m .

6. Gr:u:ilis m.

2 flgure 9.33 T he Jeep ~
m·11c(u 1-e.'i 0(1hc gluteal regio n
3 5
I , PiriformL'> m.
•
2. Sci2tic n.
5 3. ObcuratOr iuterr1us ni.

(> 4. Qwdnnis fomort. m.
=:., Arlduerol' mtnnu us m ,
276 (1. Gluteus 111cdius m.

(reOt"Ct.::d)
7. CJut..,•us minimus nt.

K Sup~'c.i<>r gcme lhtS m .
9. lnfrrw r gt'IHdlus 111.
10. CJut(.'ll~ ma.ximus n L

(rcBect..,•d}

•Human B1ology

HI 2
11 J

4 4
5
12
13 6

2

5
I,

J

4

7
5

14

7
6
7
8
9

ltl

orFigure 9.34 A1l 11mc-r<)me<l1al \•it':'\-.· 11 Figure 9 .36 An :int..:nor view o f
low~:r h:g.
thl' right ,high. Figure 9.35 /\ pos1cr1or \"'lCW of
!OW('T lt"g. L P:ndb
I faltrrlal Clbtiquc Ol, 2. Patdl,ir li~ment
J. Pbn1..1. ns m. 3. Tibi:tl tubc:-rosity
2. Antcrior supc.·nor jliac spilll' 2. Puplilt"Ul> I'll . 4. Tibia
'.\, ll1opso:ai m. 3. Soleus 111. 5. Tibia.I.is :imcnor m.
4 T<.·ruvr fas<:i3 lata m. 4, Pl:i,u.ar-it rcodo1l 6. lcudon ofe-.-<lca~or
5. S.arrorirn• m. 5. G:litrocnemius m. (c:ut)
6. Add uctor km1:1,11..) n L 6, Fibu.l,ris kmg:us ;md brt'Vis nuu. di~imrum lon~ri,s m.
7. Rccru, fc-mo ,·t- 111. 7. Fko.xor h.aUuc:t. kmb"-•S 111. 7. forul()n ofexix:1)'1:<U
~. C:tlc:"lnc:i.l 1c11do o (A<h11l~f fc>11doo)
8. Vastus media.las m. 9. Tmd<m of O~xor halJm:is lougus m. luUu<:-is lo nt-'US m.
9. l>atdb 10. Calcancus
I J. Pl:unar :tponC'urosis
10. Fcnior:il ne-i'Vt

l I. Femoral :mt>ry
l2. Fe1uc1r:i.l vein

13. J>ectin<-'US m.
1-1 Gr.lr1lis. m ,

277

• A Photographic Atlas tor the Biology Laboratory

2 7

3 2
8
Figure 9.37 Ao ;;meriM viC\v o(
d._,n;u m of t'l>ot. ., 9

I . Tendo n of tib l.lhS :.anter ior m. 4 10
2. Tendon o f t.•xtcnsor baltuc.:is
;
h r<'Vl$ m
6
3. Ten<lou of't~xku.sur hallut11> 11
lc;, ngu~ m.
Figure 9.38 A 11lt'd1al vil'w o f thl' n f;l-1t foot
.t, LMcraJ 1nallcolus
I. Tl'ndo n of tibi:tl,s ant.:r-ior m. 7. !vk diaJ mallco ll11> ofubi:i
5. S.u pc.•r io r <'.Xh:nsor re ri.u:ic:u!um
2. Extensor rci-in.aculum 8 . TcndcJU oftihUlis postciior m.
6. h 1ft·rior extt nsor retiuacu lu m
7 . Tendo n o f c.'>'.tc-u.sor d ig itornm 3. M <'d1:il ruod(orm '), Tcndo c:ilcancus

lo11gl1S m. 4. Tendon ofexu.•nsor h:illucis lont'-1.ts n L 10. Ta 1don o fOi:xor digitomm lont,'U".> nL
8 . Tc.•ndou of t'Xtc nsor digjtorwu 11. Ahduc to r lu llu<'i!; m
s. f!irs.1 lll<'{:U;,'t 'l~I b<NH"
brcv1s m.
G. Pmxuu:i.l ph2l:mx of h:1Uux

2

3

4

s

6

7
8
?
10
II

Figure 9.39 A latcJ"lJ vie,v of the n ght foot. 1. Ext~•nso r d igiwrum im: vi~ m.
1. Tendon -.>i tibi:JTu a.ntcrior ~ Tendoo ofiih11lat1._f. longu~ m
2. 'lC01foo o( e:-..t¢11t.0r digirol'llm k)ngos m. 9. Tt•ndon of 6 bula.ris bn.'\tiS u1.

3. Tt·ndvn oi fibularis tcrtiw m . Ht. C a.lcarn:us
4. Sup~rior cxten~or rctin.lculunt Il 5th ,net:ll:lr~ I boue
5. ln tt'ri<) r ~x,o:nsor retina t·ulun,

6 . l...itcr:d m:tlJcolus o f fibub

278

2 •Human B10l0©<

5 6
2
7
63 2

3 8
3

9
6
7 10

4

s

5
11

10
II

12

figure 9.40 An :imersor Figure 9.41 Ao :mreriOt" Figure 9.42 A po~erior view o r Figure 9.43 A p,1s1cr101· view
vil"\,. o(d1.: -lil1ptrficial vi<..·w o(tlu:· must·les of the the i.,1per6cfa) muscks of of the d l."l'p mus.tit's. o(d1t" rig.ht
muscles ofthe- ri!91t foreann. forc:i rnt.
right fore:inn. chc- right fon.·a.rm .
I, Pm11:.HM tCrt'.S: Ill, 1· , Ancoueus 1H . I E.'·Ue1'1$0r digm.wum i:11..
1 Pron;icor 1ere" rn. (cut :and rdlo.•cto.•d)
2. Or.ic-hiora<l,:ali..,;; m. 2. Extl.'nsor carp i u ln aris m .
3. At·xor carpi rJdillis m 2. Orac:h ior.ldi:,fo, m. J. Ext,:1~0.r dig:i6 11unimj m. 2. Anooueus m.
4. Flcxor poUici.~ longtlS 1:n. 3. E.x(cnsor c-:irpi ulnaris m.
5. 1,,,1mar1s lo ngu~ 1H , (cut aud n::Llccu:d) 4. Br.1ch ior.tdiabs m.
3. J>alrm,ri:; longus m. 5, P.Xt(.'.!~Ol' c'.lrl>I rad1:i.h.4 l(logu~ in 4 . F:<tCl'l$1)r 1)<)1lir((; l<KlgtlS m
6. Fk·xor carpi uln:u-is m. 6. Exh:nsor carpi r.i.dia.lis br.!vis nL
(ru1 :md 1-elle('Jed) 7. Exrensor ,hgnorum m. 5. Extensor indids m .
,S.. FJ~•xor <..-arpi u bu ris m. (cut) (,. Bruh1or2dfaljs m .
8. Abduc(or pollu:is lo11~us 111. 7. Extensor carpi r,u.lfa lis
5. Fkxor carp>r.l.d•:i.lii m.
(cut :and r<."0,:_,cc,-d) >.1 l;,X'tt>tl';OI' p,--.l!i('i~ bit:Vi( in. k111gos m.
8. Supiuator m .
(,. J!Jc-x<w d 1guorum 10. Extl.'nsor p,>lliffi long:iis m. 9. E.xtcruor c:trp1
I I . E..x1<.·nsor rct.i,uculuru
supcrficialis Ju. rJd1al.is brevis in.
7. Flexor polUl.'.ls lo ngus m_ 12 T.:ndc»t of <·xtct~or I0. Abduetor pollicis lougus m .
o rp1 radi:JU bn.·vis I 1, Ei:-..ren.,~r 1)0lli1~((; bri,'ls m ,
8. l'ron:uor 11. uadratus I.u. 12. Oors:11 i:nter~seoLt<: m.
13 ll::11<lo 11 of CXt(:1ll(()r
carpr r:tdb)is lo ugus 279

• A Photographic Atlas tor the B1olo!Of Laboratory

2

.,

4

5

6
7

Figure 9.44 An antnior vitw o( Figure 9. 45 A l:w:ra.l vie.•,•; figure 9.46 A po~tt·ri<>r vfrw

nght lund. o f nght Lu nd. o f nglu h:md.
1. Fle.x•r c.~rp, ulu,'ln ~nl I, E.~(t-11.w r carpi r_.di,diS: I, E,::rentor t.ligit0rum m.
2. Extc-nsor c.-arpi ul.naris m.
2. Abdu.::tor pollicis brevis nt. h.>11~us m. 3. Extensor <li~ti miuimi m .
2. Tendon of l.'xR·1t.sor carpi 4. Exn.'1lSOt rctin~cuJum
.t Fl~xor polLicis brevii t'IL 5. Br:ic hior.\dtdii 0 1,
l':adialis brcvts m.
4 . Adducror pollici.s m . 3. Al'iduct1)r pollicis lr.11,gus 1n. 6. Extcns,or carpi r.tdi:ilis
5 li}1JJ<.HIJ<••;J.'.'H' m ni 4. Extensor pollici~ bn,vis m .
(l. Tt.•udons of fkxo r <ligitonun ht('Vis ill.
5. Amt()m 1,cal .~rnfi'b"'x
sup<:tficuli, 6. T<·ndon of exten sor poUicis 7. Ti:u<lon ore.xreusor carpi radiah.,i:
lo.ngus nt
7. Lumbri<:al mm. longus m,
l) Flexor dignorum !:11perlidall1: 7. First dor,;al i.nti:rosscus 1n. ~. Abdui:tor pollfrb lontt'lL\ m.
9. fu,ensor pollicu, brcvi.~ m.
t,mdou (bifi.m:at~•d for inlilt'ni\m) 10. Radms
11. 'R·t-xlon of<.-Xt<.-mor poUicis
9 . 1<:ndou o f flexor digi1orurn
p n:>ti.1ndus lo 11gu-. Ul,
I 2. P1rs1d<t1·~ I mtcros.-.cus m.
13. E.xtt-l'ISor dig1torum lt'Jltkins
14. Extensor c):p:msi.011

280

•Human 81ology

(__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _N_e_r_v_o_u_s_S_y_s_te_m_ a_n_d_ S_e_n_so_r_y_O_ rg_a_n_s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __,)

2 ')
3

4

5 1--ll...-~'!!,,-- --'

6
7

figure 9.47 A htcr.1.I view ofthe br.uu.

I. l'l'ima.ry 111<.'lOr H, Central s.ulcu.s F~ure 9.48 An iulhior yi,:v; o(the brain ,vitlt d~
cercbr.tl <.·01tcx 9. Prmury se-1uury
C)'<.'S :and p-.m of tJtc tn(.•1ting~ st ill imact.
2. Gyri ce-1'c.br..ll cortc:c
10. Parietal lobt• ofct-rtbni.m ·1. Ey~·baJJ 6. Medulla. oblo111;,,m1
3. Suk i 11. OcapiuJ lobe o f arcbmm
4. from:il Jobi.' ofcerebrum J 2. Auditory ce1,,br.al cort-.•x 2 , M11sd ~ 1)( 1he- e"}¥ 7, Ct1-ehellun1
5. l :m:-r.t.l sulcus
<,. O lfacro~• <'C1'C'hul c.Mtt•x 13. Cerebellum

7. T~m_poral lobt· ofct·ocbrum 14. Medulla obloni.tta

3. Tempor.tl lob... of L'crebrwu S. Spi1u l co rd
4 Piunury gl:md 'I. lJur.1 nu1c,

5. Pont

Figure 9.49 A ~Jgim.l view

o f tht· br:1in.

1. lfody ofcor1Hu <allosum

2. Crns of fornix

3. 3rd ve11u-icle

4. Pm.1<crlor i.:ommisl>urc

5. ~pl<'oium ofC()rpus c.111().<.um
13 6. Pint·al body

7. lnfonor rnllicuh1s
14 8. ,\rb<n· ,..i,ae of ccrebeUwu

15 lJ. Vcrm is ofcere-hdhun

10. C horoid pfoxus l>f 4lh

16 ve nt r i c l e

11. Tonsilb o l <'eL-ebelllm•

17 12. M<.·dull:i. obloug.Jt:t

IS 13. ~cpn.un 1>ell11cidiuu

14. l utr.awntn cu l:u- for.m ,cn
19 I 5. G t-nu nf c::orpu~ c:illo.rnm
20
16. Antcrior comni.issure
21
17. Hypodl.llann15
22 rn. O ptic cbjJs1n:1

23 19. Oculmuotor 11cn1e
20. Cer<.·braJ p.:dunde

24 2 1. Midbl'.li.il

25 22. Polls
23. tvlcscnccph:tlic

{c..-1x:hr.il) aqul·ducr

24. 4th w ntrick

25. Pyrauud ot' 11Jcdull:1oblon~Ha

281

• A Photographic Atlas 1or the Biology Laboratory

2 2

Fjgvre 9.50 /\ photoim(~~pl1ol Purb 11Je 3
tl('llmns lrom the ccrcbcUwn.
4
I , Molecul:tr 1.-iver l)f..-cn.:1wlb t t(')t'tC'X
2. (;r.anuLtr bv~r ofccrcbcU.tr cor-1.:.-x Figure 9.51 A trausvcrSc stCll()11 0( 1he spiual cotd.
I . Posh.•n or (dona]) mot ofspinal twrw
3. Dc11dn1es "";f l'urk1ojc cell 2. Poo~rior (ckir~ I) horn (gt:iy iu:im,·)
J . Spiu:il cotU tr.u:t (whitt· mJm•r)
4. Ptui.il'J(' cdl body 4 . 1\utt"ri<)r ('.•tntra.l) horn G;r.-~• maut:r}

Cdl h<>dy

•

T,:rmin.al bmwus 400X
Figure 9 .52 The- stru~tul'e of :1 myclu·mcd 11curon.
figure 9.53 /\ plHxo1mcrogr.1ph o f ~ ucurc:>n.

t. C)•toplamuc ~xt<:-n.s.ioru 3. C ell bod)' ofue-uron

2. Nudrolm

2

3

Figure 9.54 A l,>ngm1dloal vi<:w l"lf, he

hittoJ()gy o f:\ myello:tred ncrv(". flgure 9 .55 A trJ11swrst< S<•.<:tion of a m:rn·.

I . Endoncurium 4. Nc-urofibri) node 1. l'ct 111CU1'1lllll .3, Huucl.le of;IX(Ul$

2. Axoo {oodc ()( R..3nvjer) 2. Epim:urium
3. Mydiu Lw~:r

282

•Human B100©-

Pimir.uy-
~aml
Th1,,,,;d-----7 <._:-:•;J
gbod

Figure 9.56 Thl' u n 1mmuscula.rjuuctio11. 2
O vary
1, Mornr n<'tw, .3. Skrk:t:il m usd<: fil'l<!r (female)

2. Motor end pl..ttc-i. Tcsris
(mal..·)
3

Figure 9.57 T he- f)rltltir:--1cndocr111e gbnct(;,

Figure 9.58 Tlw p1tu11a, y glamL J 2
3
I. Pars imi:rm.:.·di.1 (:id,:uohypopbysis} Figure 9.59 Tbt" diyroid gland .
2 l';w~ ,,e-rvo~ (nt11rohypo1,hy'Si~) 283
3. Pars distalis (a.denohypophysis) I . F(illide edit
2. C cdls

3. Colloid within fo.Uidc

• A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory

2

J Figure 9.61 TI,, adrenal gi•nd.

1. Adreu:J c.:ortcx
2. Aclre·11a.l mcduU.i
3. Adre naJ concx
4. Blno<l v,•.ssd

Figure 9,60 The a<ln:nal {.supran:1:uJ) i;J.anJ.
1. Aclre,ul gbod
:!. Inferior supr,u-e1lal artery

3. Kidne}'

Susp1:nsory l ig.uncu ts

$den) \'CIIOUS
~inus

(0)

AntcTlot .;:wity: .,,-r:::c,.- - - - C:m~iou n::uron
(co,ir:1.im 11g :1quc<u.1c. bmr1or)
Bipolar neuron
l'()q~ IM d).:lmber - - ll<lrl.~ ~n<l r,o nc.<
AnH•ri0r c hamber
Choroi<l
Pup~ -----e-

Lcn~ - - - -•
Corn<:'\l

lns.,,.-

Pos.tcrior <.'avity
(coJll.lmi»g -.·ureous humor)

Figure 9.62 The s1nu:m cc ofthe eye.
{3) CiJiar}· body
\b) f.ovca cc-um.lis
(<') R«ina

284

•Human B101og,,

J---

--- 4 2
3

7X

Figure 9.63 T he :um·ri\)T portion ofthe- t:}'t'. figure 9.64 Th.;; r~rin:a.

l. C o1tjtulcti,•a 4. Lens I. Retina J . 0 1oroid
2. Roch :md cones 4. Sciera
2 lri~ 5. Cili:11')' hor!y

3. Coroi::1

5 67

~-<~-
WWW
2

.4 - - -......- __...., 4
250X
Figure 9.65Th.: structure of the ear.
285
I. Helix 8 . St-mic.·.ilt:ubr cau:ils figure 9.66 The ),,pir.tl org,m (org,.iu of Corti).

2. Auridc- 9. \-l-stibulococh lt.':ir ncrw I. Vestibular nh:mbr:1m:

3. E~ttro:al :imlit<u-y ..:an:).I 1O. A11ditc:>1•~• •SSi cl~ 2. Cochlear duct
3. T,:tlOr ial membrauc
4. Earlobt• 11 . Cochl-~:i -4. Hair cc-lls
5. Outer c::a, 12. Vestibul:l.t (l\'lund) window 5, U!'lsil:i,· nltmbu oe

6. Middle c:i.r 13. A uditor)' tube
14 1ym1xm1c m<;rnbr:rnc:
7, lone,· ctu·

• A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory
(..____________c_ a_rd_i_o_v_a_s_cul_a_r_S_y_s_te_m_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _)

Right uucm.11 carotid ·rcmpor;il

Aortic :ir, h Pulu,on,u•y tn:111k "C"l1•1p,h,rlylic~-=-:.:.:f.r:,~~~~ 111,~"l'C~~,1:,I
\ l>C'M'.cndm~ :ion:i
.'\w('nding :aorta :\" Duph.1~ll Or:1du,ll ~ .\!l-tt-ln1t'nor , ~na '"1,-:i
U:i.ubc .-l-1~t1----Rrn:aJ
A~1lla.ry - - - r~ ~Q flcu:al H"'F"'~
Cdu.:- trunk - - --f-.P,~ 7 ":c;:; ("l'('JOJ rl,,1
lnfttior mc1cmc1' ic R:tdt.ll - - - . . .
Br:id1i:,J Conuuon ilir Mc,·b,m .u11tbt.:i,:-h1;J l..(11 u 1,I nglu

Abdomitu:I 10m P..alnu, \~JK'>uoe c om111011 iliac

S\lpr.,reu:,I i'lfCll ,;'$
R:ictial

E:-.:11..,-n:d ib:ll

T ::;null $.l4'hcnous

I

:\nto:rilX' tibbl l :~,.t~.~\ Domlu~•du
~
PbnrJr \'C'lk)O\ a.rrh
Figure 9.67 The pnnC>p31 .~11enC!l l)( 1he boctr O.:,rs.:il vcn OllS ~ h

Ftgure 9.68 The pn11c1p..U \'tiu~ o(rhe body

6 8
23 9
10
~
11
5

36

7 12

13

Figure 9. 70 Ant<·rior view o ( t11c hem and :associat<..-d strucn1rc1o.

; 1. Ri~tr v:t~Ui m·rvt· 8. Br.1chioc('plu lic: am:,ry
2, Right br:-irlnoc<:ph:ilii~,•crn
Figure 9.69 T he: position of d1e h-.•art wid1.in t1w paicardium. J. S upc.•rior vcna c:a\l.i 9 I.di h~chioc;<:ph~lu; V<"in
10 . Ao rtic arch
1. lvkdi:tstim.un 4. Di..-phrl~m ,I, Rjght phrenic nerv e 11. l..(,fl ph renic ot1"('
2. l\..ight lung 5. Liver 12 . 1-di vt•nrridc oflw:irr
3. Pi:rit:ariliwn 6. Left lung 5. Ascend.in~ aoTt:t
(,. Pe r1c::utlu un {cut) l.'.t AJ>CX of he.m.

7. lt,j~ltt \ltutridt' of h1.'art

286

DHuman B101-0l?Y

12

13

2
H

3
15

22 2!-'.l
4 29

5 23 ~ - - 30

"- ' --'I.-=--- 31
17 a ,....-':\,--- J2
6
18 33
24
7 34
19

8 25
9 20 26

JO 21

Figure 9,71 (3) Au aut...·rior \!it'\v ofdll' 1tn11.:tun.· of the hean. aud (b) th<?' imerna.l vi,:w o(tllt' stn1cu.1re of the h e.art

1. Superior vcoa c:w;i 11. .'\c)rtlc :>t(h 21. t\pt1f ()(he,.v1 3 I. BiCU$J, ld \':'lh'e

2. Ascc:uding aorta 12. lig:uut·ntum arte riwum 22. lnte-r.urial s,:ptum 32. Ldt \"t'ntridt'
23. lt.1ght :unum 33. Cbord.:ii: tcndi1ue
3. Or:iJlChC$ of nght pulmom1ry :mcry I.'\. Ur:mcht'S of lc:li pulmoo.ary :u l(.•ry 24. Tr icusp1d V3lve 34. P..lpillary n'lltSCJe
or4. A uncle r igJ11 a trium
l4. l\1l1nonarv truu.k

5, lttg:IH pulmMl ill'',' \"Cin< 15. 1.,~tt :11rim ;l 2~. R ,gln w nrr-ir.lc :i5. lmc-tve,l mr.ob r <c1>rum
16. b:ft pulmonary vt."ins 26. Myoc.a...tium 36. Endoc,u J ju.m
6. l\ight :ttrium

7. lltg1u corouuy .artery :incl vcm 17. Cm:umtlex :arn·ry 21. Amtic .lrcb 37.V i~ccral p~ricardJUm

8, ll ight \'ll11tride 1$. An.tcrior illl~rwntricullr .irtc:-1·y 21¾-. Pulmcmary \"alvc
9. [nforior wua C3V.t 19. Antc.·rio r i1w:rvemricubr vein 29. lcfi •trium

In. •1hor.tc,c :icwQ 20 teft w1m1rlc 30. Aortk \-Jive

~ 7
$
2
9

3
JO

4 II

9

12 2

3
4 10
5

II

Figure 9.n An •ntcrior view o f the hl·Mt and gn:at wssds.. Figure 9.73 The- intt'mal strucmre o f the hc-m.

I . Br:1d11or.~ph:1tic 1r 111tk 8 . .'\o,ruc :ud1 1. Righi atrium 7. Ascendi ng.-iort.l
2. Supcn o r \lt":Jl:l ca,•• 2. l.tJglu ;iiriove-ntn( l1hr \ia!Vt g, Aort,c valve
3 ;\scendmg Jc'!rt:i 1 . PuJmon:uy ,1rk1y 3. Chord:i.e tc:-mliuac 9. /1.•tyo-t::m.lium
10. Pu lmonary tr111tl: 4. R.ig:ln \'tntrfr:k I0, P.ipiU:ar)' mmde
5. lntC'rveu tricubr septum 11. Ll•ft vemride
4. Right a.crium I L Ldi auiwu
5 . ltlghr vcntndc 12. Lc:ft wnrnd c 6 , l'r.i l)OC1ll:\t <~''ll' O(::l('
6. Ldt common e:-.i,utid arttT)' 13. Apex ot" heart

i. ldt sulx:bvi:tn .utC'ry 287

• A Photographic Atlas for the B1ology Laboratory

2
4

5
I>
7

Vis~e,al - --<I' Figure 9.75 An :inre1•1or vkw of dle b rynx,
1,lem:1
tr.icht::t. an<l l u(~.
l~rk1al __.
pleu r • ~ I. Er,1glo1ti.< 7. l'n lmo1):u·y ~'-,(els

Pll"ur:11 D1:tp,hr:agm Cann:a oi u:idt<.•J. Cardiac notdt 2. Thyroid c::irti1agt• 8. Trac:he:.1
c a v it')' 3. (',ricoid c:aml:ige
9. Carin.a
( >bliep1t fi«ure 4. T hyroid g;tand
10. Lei\ pnncq,'1

l""..,.C::::----- Bronchiole 5. Right Jung (primary) bronch us
• - - - - Smo mh musdc: (l, R.,gh, p1•1111,;1pal 11, I <.·ft lung

(prun:.r)'.) bmndms

2

AJ vco L flgure 9.76 ·n)c: tr.1di..:al w:iU. 5
I, R cspirato~• ep11helm111
l 'ul1n1'UU J)' 2:. B:t.'ict1h.·nt mcmbr:utt' 6

<'apiiLIry hetts. :\. I )na of~ ro 1m 1co11,;, gl:.nrl 4. StrOUlUCOUS sla11ds

Figure 9.74 Tbcstn1ctun· o(tlh.' n-s-pir3·torysystcm . 5. Pcric:hondrium

288 6 . t-ly-.-hne cauibg,e

•Human Biology

2
3

Figure 9 .77 I\ r,ldiogt":lph 0( 1h,e the'>r.'lx. Figure 9.78 A hM11chio1e.
I. Pulmonary ancriote
l 1'hor:ic1< vc,1chr, (. , Cbvidt
2 . Omuchiolc
2. R.iglu lung 7. Ldi lung 3. Puhnonary :Jveoii

3. Rib fi . Mcdi.::istinu m
4. lmage of righ t breast 9. Hc,:irt

3 . f>i:l phr:igiu /lwe-t IO. I)uphrAgt'nl~h;;11nadl

orAn ckc1ron m,crogt3J~h the lining of -6

2. Goblet cd) ---7

2 2-- 450X
5. GoMet l'tll
,~... ,, , 6 . Lutut.'ll ofbroud:us
7. Cilb
• JO OX Figure 9.81 11,c- brouchll-..
I. lkl:~ernent inemb~ue 289
f1gure 9.80 T he pulmou:uy alveoli. 2 . laminl propri:a
3. Nuclcu~ uf cpithdial n·U
I C.::i.pdl:uy iu :'llw;obar w:,11 3, 'l)'J>e II p ncumocytes 4. PS(•udostr:uilied squ.lmoU'i

2. M.:lcroph.lgcs c1nthcliu,u

• A Photographic Atlas for the Biology laboratory
(_____________D..i.g;;;.e._s_tiv_e_ S_:y_s_te_m_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _)
r_________r_________,_.Arotxi ghud
S ublini-tu:ll ~and

L:ttynx Ca.rdioc:sophagc:al I
splun ct-.'.r 2
LiV('T 3
Stom:u:h
GallbbdJcr ---.r__ 4
l~ ncre-.as
l )u<l\11..'mun 5
f-l au.scr:i T r,UlS\'l.'T&~ col o 11
As<'endmg col<1is1
ofbrg,: i11t1.--sdn l~ 01.-sc1.4ndmg: coJon
l .' ,cnu~ l'.(1h S mall iutestinc
Ue.:wn
Appe m..lix Sigmoid ccJon

i-l<.'<'11111 1

An.al C';uial
Anus

Figure 9.82 'flu:- ,;:1rrn:rore l'lithe d,ge.rnvc ~Y(l.i:IU. figure 9.83 A developing coorh

ll"!!-- 3 I. Am doblastS 4. Odontobfasts

} 2. En2md 5. Pulp

3. De111in

figure 9.84 A m ature tooth. Figure 9.85 1 he fibforn , :10<1 6 ,ng ifo,·m r~:ip1lb,,~.

I. Dcmin (c-n.uu d l.u.s :t Glll!t!\'.l I, Filit"onu papdlat'
2. Fw,gifonn papilh
been di..~olvcd away) 4. AJvt."01:.ir boue

2. P,dp

290