Stoichita, Victor Ieronim - Instaurarea tabloului

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-dug
Pio'r(nl_lrl,tntru1rer.t,slu!ru.rrotart1rud^rsnduLI:Jrftar.11ar'r:otJlr.srz1oteurt'.dl'lerr.rltnu.d/lJatrtL,lr.Jrrtrvd,ltJtot.r'd.r-J6:ttpnrIfuznE1er-'-3rLJEqrlU.sLsrdLurrlo.nqlrSuluzudtrEfI,cnlIdrJlIloLtroIl3lJ"nJ)la\u,IILlatlell)tluoLltudrIettlPtPltlaoJslxcP)Pt'etvolgOuJllJtI9;JlIsIOuJlut)luJYlPPd.

cel al peisajului se n;rgte prin opoziqie. I)ar daci prinrul sc
constitlrie ,,dincoace" de picturl, cel dc-al doilea, in schimb,
i9i giseEte gereza,,dincolo" de tablouli. Pentru.a percepe
un peisaj ca atare, trebuie indepliniti o condiqie indispcns-

abrll; distangata.
Pcisajul pictat in aer liber este o invenlie recenti, invenlie

care se pretinde a fi de akfel impotriaa tradiyei inrasinii n,r-
turii pictate in atelier. Pentru toatl aceast:i tradigie, iniagir.c,r

naturii (sau a naturii devenite imaginc) presupune existeng.r
unui spagiu de ,,cultur5", gi eventuai dc ,,civilizagie", pornind
de /a carc sc contcnlpll rtn tn aJard. Chiar 9i atunci cir-rd cste
vorba de peisaje citadine, o separare rim.lne indispensabili.

I)reptunghiul ferestrei este cel care transforni acel ,,in
afari" iu,,pcisaj". lncr-rnabulelc lcestr-ri gerr pictural trcbtric

de accea si fie ciutatc in l'unda]ul t,rblour:ilor Renagtcrii,
unde, perrtru prima oara, elc prirrresc o delinitie priu

opozilie; r'olul pe care-l ;oeca acoltr lcrclstrrl cstc cseu!ial.
Anr putea da aici o interminabili list:i de opere, stabiliti

pornind atat dc la pictura flanrandi, cit si de Ia pictura it.rli-

ana. Ma voi ntirgini si rnentior)ez Llll exerrtplu l'larrrarrd,

care, in contextul acestui srudju, capita o valoare par,rdig-
nratic;. Este vorba de narele rerablu a\ Mielului mistic al
fraqilor Van Eyck, pictat pcntru catedrala Saint-Bavon, la
Gand (citre 1$2,1l. 16). Aici, perltrLr prima dati, n-rotivul
ferestrei cu peisaj 9i cel al r-rigei cu obiecte ocupi fie care, jux-
tapuse ca intr-o demonstragie geometrici, un intreg voleu.
Cele doui voleuri exterioare trebuie privite desigur in con-
textul retablului, gi in special in cel al scenei Buneivestiri dir-r
care fac parte. $i totuqi, tzolarea lor in panouri separate le
smulge, intrucatva, discursului iconografic, conferindu-le,
dincolo de valoaree lor simbolici, o valoare picturali sub-
liniatl prin opozilia nigi/fereastri.

In ceea ce priveqte Italia, un studiu al motivului ferestrei
in raport cu na$terea peisajului nlr poate fi,_ avird in vedere
cantitatea gi varietatea exerlplelor, decit redundant. Analtza
cAtorva surse documentare ar putea arunca totugi o oarecare
lumini asupra problemelor investigatc aici.

Prima sursi este celebra scrisoare a lui Aretino citre

Tiqian, datind din 1544:

,,Citre nlesser Ti1iar"i,
DupI ce ni-am inci.lcat, prietene, obiceir-r1, cinind singur s:ru,
mai bir-re zis, in tovlrlsia s,iciielilor acestor friguri care nn r-nl
mai lasi si. n'ri bucur de gustul vrennei rninclri, m-arl sculat

rlide la masi situl de obida cu care asezasenr de 1a-r'rcepr.rt.

Apoi, rezemindu-mi bralele pe pervazul ferestrei gi lisindu-mi
pe ele cu pieptul 5i aproape cr-r tot trupul, am inceput sI privesc
minunatul spectacol al nenurniratelor bIrci, care, pline atit cn

52

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Ilplolol rltra arEt-rrdJp utp rat Jrr (rnloluos al? lol op elrpdn ur

nEeP-rt? riurdo"rdr rplrr reJ :attrjtr,\ -ro] Jlr-rolrll ap trLUtlr -rr,\e pE-ll

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-orr trlt:rrnrrrul rS uinfu elSa,u-rd l11t!ls rS lrs.trrqtrr JIJtir ur -rEl

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Is ltr IS 'alEtrrunp ]r1Jol ur arrnd tod e s rllr rr n,rlrrod rsarnrrizrd
Jt Jf rar arr-rdrr1-rug l-!s rJ-rI -iE trl1f rSr rrunotrrr.-rr 1n,j,.pt.,1
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e-tt 'nJzornrnlq lnJtr+ E I prrEl ap 'a-rrl 'lcl a,tcls nrltcl lf;Jrpr_r LUt

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I 55.+- I 556.
ulci pc p.irtz,r,

rI 1i 99 cr.r.t,

l\'ledritl, Colecgi.r

-l'Lrv
s se n

IJoi-n e r.r.iisza.

penelLrrile natLlrii rninttiau vizdr-thu1, indcpirt,il'rdlr-1 treptat cle

.-hdi.i, as;1 cLrm il indepirte;rzi Vecellio cind f.rce peis;rje! ILr

unele locLlri se ivea Lln verde albistrr-ri, iar ir-r ;r1tele un albrstru-
verzui niscut clin c,rpriciile llatllrii, mile strit milc$trilor. Ial prin
clrrn-rri gi obscurr,rri iotttnpen sall relief:l in a5;r lel ceeil ce era cle

contopit saLl de reliefat, incit er-r, c:1re $til,l cir perlclr-11 <1r-rrnitale
. da. ditt d,rrr-rrile ei, atl st-tspinat c'le trei-pxtrlt ori: "O1-r, Ti!i,rr-r,
Lrrrdc ctti? .
Pe cr-rvintr.rl nteLt c;i, d:rci ai fi pictat cece ce ti :rt-n descris, le .ri li
trezir .r.ttttettilor Lrilrrir'..r r':ll'e llri cttprittsete Pt' lllillt: i.tr eLr.
privind cee:1 ce ti-anr ir-rfirti$at, ttri-.rur_:rclirp;lt sr-liletr'r1, irlsi rni-
ir,-,r... rr a diitruit mai n'[rlt decit cr.rlorile nenraip,-,nrenitci picrnri.
in mai, dtn VcncSia, 1511"1;':
Accst text pl-ure o problen-ri tipic I'enelian;i' F.1 atesta L)
percepere a lagunci ca tablou. Natura 5i pictr"u'r sLur.t, la
'"rt. .l. ()aru IJusuioceanu irt,!cco/ri/ tlc aut tl prcturtt v-cTtclLtltt antoLrgie,

prciagl 5i tertc introdrtctivc cle Vicror Ierotrit.u stoichili, I]ucurcsti, I-tl i\lL'l Lrll.llli',
l9E0 (N. tr.).
5+

99

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rsnsnr olrrtarv 'g,rnr:rd ur ruaza,td efap r-la In^I]oLLI 'ontla;y
EJJ+o [- ru nldruaxa Jo]lrJola IELu Ie3 Jo.r?J ]E 'g;1sea.ra1
rrrrd rnln rsr:d ra.rr ldurellrof, EI aJ€olIJeJaJ J sTJOS Jolll.rnl,reLu
EJlrrruur I LUplulsuoJ
llnru 'qr gs lueuodLtrl BSLII alsE

',,nazarrurng rn1 'trt-tpn;tnorrd:rdIE" nez 'urrit; ap ltsrad q,tadns un rc

rr tariauan etiria,l'a,r JJ? oulla-Iv

rs EJnzE-rqtrrE LrI 'rJr]sajaj InJP?l 3P ElrnlnsLlol Jlsa (gzraru-tn
J-rrJ rnln-s/suqd4a e rS) r,radac;ad tatsacr e uot.td a erirprro3
IIZEJIs 1n:o1[lru ur ',,rtuti1 I JP _nolqEr
'lEuEJ rinr"unraIrElarnrarns
inrer EtepoIJIu Ilqpqord adarrad tntnd
rin ad

rJ JB-u orrrtaJy 're,rlsJ-rJ; [n]uJtuEJPEJtrE aP 'gtult:r ?sJrosl-Ics
ri1 'lrorldxa poLLI uI prrntap;d arsa g;ndnr gtsEeJV ',,pJndn3" o

atsrxa ES ernqert 'u,rntrrd er rtndarrad a11 gs EJnttu E3 n-Iluad
'r;nlcrd Etrlrrr eJntELr 'aler8alt.tud alts aletuartrolu uI 'nes 1np
-rrEJ p-I 'arSaSpdap o ua 'Tou-JpLnLIrJtJttIu'"r'trlc-ApcX,,EIEJnIntEloUJaEsnoupi'?tioia"naatsno
r-rntrrd :riuapuodsaJol

l'11,r,\n si .?Z
'Llrtr a9 \ r t1r r t,r

'urual acl; .il..
'EEil'!1, 'fz::

lil1n)rPJun tuoll 0)str)u:
'1r.lq Ut,r url

Madona cance Iarutlui Rolin de J;rn r.an E,vck (1435, il. 18) 19. llogrcr r.rn
este o operi-cheie . Sce na centr;rl;i infiitigeazi o aparitie/vizi- cier Wevtlcn,
urle a Maclonei. In fund,rlul tabloului sc dcschidc o tripli SJ,intul Lutt
f,it,tncl portrttul
arc:rdzi, prin care putellr contempla, cit vezi cu ochii, r-rr-r Ltrict,tt ci,
peisaj citadin. Intr-un spaliu internrcdiar, situat in spatele citre 1,140,

arcadei, drrr separar de peisaj printr-un parapet) sc qisesc u Lci pc 1cmn,
doua pcrsonaje rninuscule, vizutc din spate. S-a ciiscut,rt
nrult despre idcntir,rte:l celor doui figuri, drrr un f.rpt poatc 115,i x 133,|i cnr,
fi rcqinut ca sigur-: aceste a reiau, in imagine, :rtituclinca privi-
13risLr>n,

Mnscunr ol:lrirrc

/\ rts.

torr.rlui insuqi in faga tablouluil6. Privitorul cste astfel dublu
in-rplicat in tabIou, qiin dor"ri rnanierc diferite. Pc dc o pilrte,

el contcurpli scena principali cle la o drstangi rcdusi, intr-un

dialog frontal cu persorlajele principale, aproape ,,f;rt;i in
fa1i"lz. Pe dc alta parte, in clepirtare gr prin arcildi, cl zlrcqtc

peisajul din pl.urul scculld, aser-nenr sosiilor sale irnoninrc.

-Cu cigiva
lrati i V.rrr Er
ani mai clevrcnre ;1fa cllm am vizr-rt clej,r -,
cl< izolesera pcisrrj
Lrl-vizut -print r-o- l'cr-r'.1\tr'.1

intr-unul t{in voleurile marelui retablu cle la Gand (il. 16). l.i
readuceau acolo ambraznr:r ferestrei in prin-rul pian, fir:i a

uita ir-rsi parapetul, rlin:rinte,r carui.r privitorul trebuirr sa

stea, precurl-r ornulegii dil M.rdonr Rolin. An putea spllrle

ci, intr-un fel, drumul care ducc dc la rctablul de la Gand la

Madona Rolin echivaieazi cu procesul dc misc en a.bitnc a

privitoruluits, mise en abime referitoare 1a contenpl,rrea

urrr.ri obiect oictural soeeific: ueiserul.

De,rrcrsul fralilor'V.r,r E.)ck iii dezvilLrie irrtrerrqrr inr-
portanta atunci cind sc ie in-considcrrrc irrreciiat" rrtr,...-
siurre, al circi
picthnd-o pc Fceelcnio-raaiririecrnleaRrcoabgiileerxevrar-nipird-rcersttVe eSyfkdnctnul Luca
(citre

144A, rl. 19). De accasti dati, aver.r-r de-a face cu o pnnere in

sccni expliciti a crealiei artisticc, chiar drlci accastrr se pc-

trece, luCru absolut non-r-ial, in lirnitcle iconograliei clcgtine.

Faptul. ci plisn-rr.rirea imaginii M.idonei, ca o consccint:i a
urlcr vlzlllnl, $l corlte mplale,r peisajr.rlr.ri, ca ,,vcdcrc prin",
srint telrati zatein acel:rgi trrblou, expliciteazi ceea ce la fraqii
Van Eyck era prezerlt, intr-un limb,rj nult mai coclificat.

Va trebui si se agtepte secolul a1 XVI-lea pentrLr ca tema

coutenrplirii plin fcrclstr'.i si dcvirri - in rrrod crplicit -

ilustrarca rr15tcrii rrrrui peis.rj pictat. Seriso:rr,.'n lui Ar.'tirro,

citati nrai sLrs, con[inca datele Llrlei il]tersectiri. intr-c con-
tempiarea priir ferea.str':i gi crearel pcisajului. ir-rtr-un fel,
insugi Areiino este cel care institlrie figura mixti a privi-

torului-pictor.

Alte exer-nple, r'izuale c{e aceas_t:i dati, vin s:i ateste iln-

portan(a acestui motiv in sccolul al XVI-lea. Unr-r1 dintre clc

este o ilustraqie dintr-un tratat de perspectivi in tr:rdi1i;r

duirerianalq (il. 20). L,a conrbirra topos-nl albertian .rl picrurii

ca fereastri deschisi cu rrretoda dc pr,'iccqie dczr-olrati de

56

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qs lrrjldtou atl-IqJ-It (,,!,rlsl]J-I3+ ul-rd !-Inllrd" alsa fESIJd

-TEP

ail !-rlrt:rId JrI-ILl !o LLIaundnsJ,Id rs -rtznqu rSlr:oi t; -ry
',,tr:tcrcl lrslad" ruI'\eP ys ,,ttl'td" l11z!'\ ll-I111

-fu ap rnlntrraru8r,tl atrut-rad 'tttin[rto;tr rPO]JrLI ttr-rd ';r-rrl
xar JlsJ aLIIs ul f-IlsEJ,Tl.{'I1lll1olqrl Ilr.rPBl uI ,,ll-IPrf Inllu" I
-r-oraprnrtfdl-srulst:-r-lIJulrur-,Ip?al dutlrrrJr-ldItr.I-trnP^otr:,ut8uotlIlXllsJIllsrrtrrrJelV-irp',,'t^:-t-rrEllrrt:a;1rt:titpt:"r

rclup t:rr rlSo,r.tas [rstac] rtn aPJ,\ as a-tll rti-rd 1nh:1r.r9 "rJ-rllCI

ne intrebill] ce senllificatie ar.l tabloulilc in c:rrc acest nlotiv

este folosit in mod explicit. in foncl, acceagi intrebarc tre-

buie si ne-o punent - mtttatis rnutandis - in faga naturilor

r-noarte in nigi. Este cvident senrnificativ ci aceastl intrebrrre
se referS, in prirnul rind, 1a secolul al XVII-lca. inccpind

diir accst rrionent peisajul ir-rdepcndent se rrlporteazi la

rama tabloului ca 1a un cadrlr de fereastri. Cel n-uri celebru

peisaj al picturii ol,rndeze a cpocii, Vcderea din De lft a lut

Venncer, ;r fost pictat, se $tie acum) de lir fereastra casci pic-

torr-rlui2l.

Evider-rt ci aici este vorba despre repcrcusiunerr unci

problen-ratizi.ri a,,decupajului naturii". Dar problcrna,,peisaju-

lui pur" e ste o problemi csenliahrcnte ,,l)roderrll", considc-
rati deja ca atare in epocir aparriqiei salc.

Edward Norgate (1650) o spune in mod explicit:

,,...Se pare cI Vechii Mirestri nn l-,ru utilizat decit spre a serr,i

celorlalte conrpoziqii ale 1or, spre ,r ihtstri.l s:1u i1 constitr-ri un

clecor al picturilor lor cu subiecte istorice, introducir-rd fr,rg-
r-nente de peis;rj in colg-rri1e goale 5i in locr-rriie lipsite c{e per-
sonaje sau de nartrgiune. D.rr a transfrrrnra aceasti parte a pic-

turii intr-o artl in sine $i a f:rce din ea activitate,r ur.rei viegi in-
tregi este, cred, o ir-n,entie din nltinr,r vrenre, gi, c{e;i fo;rrte
noni, o inventie buni."22

Norgate indici, in ,,accesoriu" qi in ,,fragrlentar", datele

specifice ale preistoriei pcisajului, relevind deopotrir':i latu-

ra paradoxali a convertirii ,,fragmentului" in ,,totalitate".
Putem umiri aceast; convertire intr-un dublu sens. Primul

este cel deja indicat de Norgate, care vede in peisaj un pd-

rergon d.evenit tablou. Raportul fragn-rent/totalitate este, irl

acest prirn caz) Lul raport lxetaartistic. ,,Totalitatea" este

tabloul tradigional (ace| bistorical paintine al 1ui Norgate),

iar ,,fragmentul" este o po4iunc ,,goali" din arierplanul si.u
(empty, corncrs) r,oid places), care tocrnai a fost ridicatl, in

:rrta ,,modernl", la rangul de tablou independent.
Anr vizut deja cI aceasti trccere era realizati, prin topos-

ul feresrrei. Dar trebuie si remarcin, de aserlene?1, ci acest

roTros in-rplici raportul frasmcnt/totalit:rte la un al doile,r

nivel: ,,peis;rjul in. fereastri" nll este trunrai un I^nfr[rargt3neanrttciin,
raport cll opera, ci gi in raport cLl natllra ins;igi.

ca gi in [a\a natttrii, fereastra rzoleazi Lrn fragmcnt pernriqin-

du-i totugi si se propr-rr"ri, el insugi, ca o nou.i totalitat.'. L't

tabloul lui Ven-neer, deja citat, nimic r-ru lasi sa i se ghice asci

originea; o scric dc rcc,-rnstnlctii pcrspectivice gi topografice

complicare lu fost llecesalre pelltrll a se ajunge ia conciuzizr
merlionat; mai sus. Nunai claci se cunoa$te preistori:r

58

6S

r.aL{rrrrpJnL'rqLl-rlrdoolLadUronIsrtszrarLalItlJorrzrsitr.u+tuIrttcatt,draJdUirlolt-t-IdrPdouBJ-rgt'{tuJaIrt:itIazLsoIlldrL:uurtolsllrnlld1unrlsJlacut-JitudaLsIeIPap
JlSa lfl-rolrrr-r4 'pzrt8t-r_+n?u J,Iur alqrr,rol cl :t.tlSort IIrllo q11s
t-rr:oSplsrp es Jf JtLiTtIJPLLI JLLITT-IP IJILLI tJlse Jtr ltl lrolqo Inlld
-rlrr-rcl atsrsgE as uliuuls 1rl to1 'iPaPI ngs 1n-rotr.rud !11: .ls
lsoJ I ]
a-rBf rrr 1ar rS rr:ldurJluol 1'nIn[elsntaodlqaf.lrf LitP 1nl:rrnd 'plup
'1c1ts11 tr J!lEIPJrLr taru eH
-otot 'rlrpur srllaJ-rod
-utts rl rrrind gi;r JS Jr J,IJPa,r ap torrncl LI1I-.IILIIP rr '1tlrro,r.1

-rErrlf rlrrlrraza-rdr-t alse nLI tLu-In UIP Els^EJIV 'l-rls?c-IJJ

o-rtrrr,rcJ grr:ldur.rlrrof II-IpLu 1n3,rl1 uI ruttt,rlt; o ttrrtza-rda-r 1',{
'ptUrru,rd ItsrJfr rrt ralduror IILU IJ3 llrldurrra rf, ltr,IJPlsuol
rq cruod E;(tZ'll '6Z9I) uJLIrulU^{ LIIP IeLItoIrruId
rllv El rP

srllJl"rod ur:f rn1 1t nourc{ IrlrrLU 'asup.t-t JJts5^ .rolIunlsuJLUIP
rPllIl u1 'llllrlualllof li11 trllSJJeu Ef llslllfrlJlu E'Il]lll -Iojlll 1l

ralatrE ritrrot runs 'sItllsJp portl LII t?JltllJP atsJ ,,1l,IPUJ lle"

rS rnynolqer ErLrr,I erlulp 1nt-roclt-r J-Iul LII a-rrdo qlsrxa ,rrg
'-rJJrtr,reA rnl rJ,r

-ado r t^rxJl+J,rornlr t:-tlrtlll rtca,rdc ateod as nc8 cr rnlnfr:srrd

'lf9i ''i'-
ir/l

tt p f)u nst,t ': ,
11u., til

iPtlllnLt Lt)ii.

\l I

\-ltLil ilr(l l.)r I

oelocventri. El are sr rolttl de a transfortrta ,,clepirt:rrcir" itl I 1. lan l)orccLLis, &tf SK'
,,apropiere". Prir.itorul are intpres,ia ci.este tnartorul turttt- I rrtuni, l6)9,

nii. Dar aceast;r este impresic relativi' Ilr-rzionisr"nul Lcnrn, 1S,5 x 14 cm.

\liinchcn, Altt

rcprezerltirii, constitttit in pritllul rind dc rrlcLlrsitll c,rclru- f irrrlioLhcli.
lrlilui, pune probleme. lJncle si .rfl.i plir-itolttl Ei fcre astra? Pe rr

tri'cot.Lji" ? Forua d rcp rtur ghi r.r p,u'e si ex clucl:i accilsti
"i1potezi. irrtt-o c;rs:i lir uargittea niirii? Dar 1a ce iniltime ?
Ii.ro,.rrtul de pet'sDectiva dintre intetior 5i extcrior ar trebui

si iuc,r 1.r cn,icl.,ii, rbsr-rrdi c:i ;rr fi 'uotrtbltaiudfceroiocaarsci pc lnare .
celor:r1c
Chiar clir"nensir.rnile tabloului, cu
oricirei ferestre, denrgnstleazri iu tttod clar ci iluz.icllisn-rr-ll
r"ru trcbuie percepLrt decit relativizinclu-i datelc. Attttrci
irrqele gcnr c,t'n.' rfi.inr ntt dinainte a unei fe restrc, ci dinairltca

itnaginii uttci lcrcsLrc. Agl.tt,t pt'ull pt'l'ctc s.ttt expus.t itt-
tr-o'vitrini (,rq,r curt-r cstc rstizi l;r Pin.r.-oteca clin Munchen)
:1cci1sti opcri nu vrea s;i,sttgereze o clcschiclcrc iltlzoric in

zicl. lla t'ri este ,,trotnpe-l'ocll-ul r,ruui peisaj". Ceea cc opc-
rc:rzi t;rblou1, este puriercd in sccttii a genezei ttnui pcisaj, s,ttt,
clacri vrcrrr, d peis)jului. Fereastra. pictati cste len-riniscetlt;l
unui interior'dc carc treisejul se det.rEeazti, dar prin ctlra el

este clefinit si ficut rrosibil. Aecst c.ldru cste, s-ar puteil
spurlc, tin el('ntertt ,,rLitobiogr,rli."' ,rl peisa.ltrl.Lri.. Ll e orrstittr-
ie un rne diirtor intre ,,furtuua rcali" 5i ,,pc'isrjLll cu f lrrtr-lnJt".

50

I9

J1l.
's llL:

,rn+ uJpal E rLrtunilnrlr Jrr es (Illllzo-rS ad girirnqtsJu t1t LuJJlr+ 'atralrlistrr :.
(trllJrLs^s-IJlr: -.
!s -rol ur 'el a-ra-rtd op tlnls -rttrlr tS 'euq8uE :snds 'lsortnlag
'sor,rn+ 0P lElP 'ruJ 9aa x ._
'rzLrrtl atl r.
tualrreiJ n1lr1r IlEp uruud n-rnrad aundxa tut t a"tds 'lauzy-tput
'7t9r'Pl)l:
at;troj l1I+ rs lItlqa-Il u tr'1e ttllllluol (IlSounJa-l !s JLII-\l1f
uun iD) t1.:
as ratseft ottor rdn61 'prluur8r-ro rEJap sorun-r1 n:rtr lntc-rt-rod
trsy8 r1 n: rrriud lal lrts'ra truELtt uI tsrloturl,I,+ ua:d pe-ttrrt trsg8 r1 tuTu Lotttd n tc.r: .
rt: u'rc-rr] a ti urno tSu rr;tt8rs tuns'ntStr-rlutrt rttt .tlrtt-td Jttrttt
']ll-\O u1r.\'\: --

trl IlJeJt rJ rE Il?P :elsr.rv asdn-ra-rlrii 'gint,rnSn nl rlsag-ror1
i-rolr-rlrltr,t. rS -ro1r-rnlnr,r Jr.r9311f rda-rp prrruaS E,\I:LI o r.rPa,\ t: tttJP
tlltu nrru,rtlrll era+sap us Is JZaLIolsa-rdrtrr ys a.ItJ 1r-\Jtl1lr JITuIU
ptsrxc rllr'arr;Eug asuds'-re61 iJuIS 1ll Jp rtslru as t a.rrd JJ d,Iof
arrrlrr Llu rJ 'Jd? Jd jal?ru prrrtnld ltEdlLIJa oauPlq(a!^lttouJlosJEnJPNJ,"I
r Jp EIJJL-'Fqr:a;8t eliPo_+ n,IJl1l Lrtl'terIeLLlJSt

:(tZgt) auq7uE,p ia dist,tv.p suanduu! utnoa.rd '".1-IIAX
IE Inloras urp runt-rnJ rJLIil ts ,,Jlrlqnpep II-rJdJf,IJd" ln
-sodol nIIEtap u1 qrrldx: JLI J.ILTJ )lrrrl.rodrlll alxat tS llslxE

' ,,rJraPJ^ "

'ra;1sp,rs; E,rnzE-rqLLrE ur ilnolqrl 'tap.taS ad :,,artutut" taun

ri-rqzrlprr r Errafs ur Ea,ralrnd E-ralo eu E,'Qt. It) tio-ict uEA eP
ZtgI LtI trtcrd 'nus yttalatu u7 p1a.fitV upa sr.atpuv lvtltltoj
-ttt/ lulatjtool rrr -rpll Jp Lrlattxa a-IEdl] J-tJIPaLU glsEJlV

turrile de dep,rrte. Poate cI ru:rrea nr.irrioesa r'.r fi i-rci $i nrai frr-r-
nroasi in depirtare gi ?n perspectiva."ll

Artificiul lui Porceliis rezidi tocnr:1i in ,,punerea in pcr-

spectiv;i" ir nrrufr-agiului, in - pelltru a utiliza tern-renii din
Entretien - trarlsfolrllarea sa din ,,origin,rl" in ,,portret".

Privitorul este invitat si se sirnti o partc dintr-un spatiu ir?-
terior hntrtat de fereastri. Dar acest sp:rgiu inte rior (inviz-ibil

in tablou, doar sugerat in ar.nbrazur,r ,,rferenti) nu cste ;rl

nostru. E,l nu poate fi decit un spalili-inragir-re: cel al genezci

peisajului.

Elernentul ,,:rutobiografic" este dc rrltfcl prezellt in nocl
explicit in fila cu inscliplie din coitul inferior al t,rblor-rlui.

Este frapant ci in ciuda dist.urgci gcogratice qi culturrrlc,

Porceilis aboldeazi problen-ra senuiturii in ,rcel:rqi spirit ca

Srinchez Cot:in. E,l sernneirzi (9i clrrteazi) rru clirect pe cilclrLl,

ci pe o fil;i care este aqezati pc ?1ccstil intr-url echilibm rn-

stabil. Accasti li1;i ;rducc cu ttn carte llin.o iiri a fi intr-:rcler',ir

unui. Importanta sa fundan-rentali ir-r nles:ljlll l'eprczcntirij

estc sublini.rti priu proportiilt' srl(': rap()r'tat i Irr dirrrcnsiLr-

nilc redusc.rlc felcstrci/tlblotr, iil;r cste nenrisuml dc rrrrrlc.
Ea pare a se putea desprinde dintr-r,rn mor-ncnt intr-,rltul cle
pe pcrvaz perltrll a aluneca spre ,,clincoacele sitr". Fil.r prc-

cizeazi nomentul in carc veclerea prin fercestrl se trrrns-

forrrri in tabiou. Inscrip{ia ce figureaz;i pe ea (,,1629/Joanncs
porrcre,Ilris,") este ca anlprerlta r-rnei prczenge/absenge.

Asemeni inscripqiilor vechilor maegtri flar-nanzi, semnitura

ar putca fi cititi ca o rrirrurie ,,1629/Jodnnes Porcellis firit

hic" - ,,1629. Joannes Porcellis a fost aici". Dar aceasti in-

scripqie ginteqte probabil inci qi mai departe; furtuna (pro-

ce lla) de o parte, autorul (Porcellis) de cealaltri. Metatcza de
cantitate rntri aici in joc pelrtm a teuratiza, o dati rlai mult,
caracterLrl autobiografic al repr ezentirii2s.,,In 1629,Joirnnes
Porcellis a fost aceasta: acest abis, accasti furtuni".

3. uqi

Orice reprezentare dc interior presuplure viziunea unei
inciperi zrl clrei al patruleir perete a {-ost clirnin:rt. Peretele

'absent - dat esenlial a oricirei ficlruni intimiste - este in-

locuit de suprafatra imaginii picturale. A studia acest rrcca-
nism de substituire inseamni, intr-un fel, a face (a re-face)
istoria picturii europene. Obiectivul meu va fi r-nai lirr-ritat:

este vorba de un caz partlcular al reprezentirii unui interi-
or, in care pltrunderea ,,ficgionali" este incredinqati cadru-
lui usii.

62

cq

'ESndxa EJJ E;ado e,rrl ur Inrieds rS rnlnlqEteJ IntueLUE-rpElrE
e-rtur nES'n1qua,r rnrrn alE euaJs alatr,rolip e.rtrrr pJoJEJ Jp JJEoI
-e.t o rS rc 'z-rndnc ap erpoltA o r?Llrnlr nrr ,,uiu8e.r1etf-rn1n:
-rlr" EJliJu o3 1 -p.r (-r.-rr; as Jq rl.ru a,r rsrld tuu o lr.rrricE
rit rautud Ele,rn1316 r-r:do )y lt'.r n l JJr r r$ra;lnr-n;tgad'1rge1e,r
g-r
- rrode

etsJ '.pnrS:Jrf-',rrn'o-rldntdsrnuarrxrn;prSlne-r.r.ir1rdrnisnldrlrurlrSrarrrJcqailpooaq,^.uprrrrrlsriL.Lr-:TdlJiroA'E:rr.nrrsi;L1irranB;8rrsrrtersrap'lrfrrrrarielund'nrsud

-rrn

-nr

rS 1r,r.r In.lprr.r.t-nur lrrnd.rJtur Js.r-rr'.....rrttrBr.rlrlp-lnJ.lV,.
'nus rnlndnrrl

arr;rcads alauralqord uJrprr arEJ J,mzrlun,.,;,,pru8ur;urp-rri1

-nJ.lu" ll !rluur.lE-r ltrrr rJJ r,r.ruzrIln !lsJlt: (eZ.tt) rr:p,{.rr1i1
prJJlleprpl rroJuP'\u.JrcI:otrrd3luaodypslsrneil1alnfr,lE.oi:dsugrJp'ppre.rllnrEE1JJ:zJSJltfpIaqrrarrzfir:,rsarc-1r-u'isaotr1rr,r;rugUrdlrlilir:.rrtrIrn^arerirrprqEruat-iorrr

JtSEorrnl ,\rtoLLr tsace 'ra1-r1X IuElrJltllnrulolrJatspuB Eprrrr.LrEly r:"rnfcrd

ul 'nrzru: llpJ[A lnll^j uuc trS::irept tSl uSn
Jp Ur.rzurqrrrr u.r rrtr'rrJHrrlsruJr.rJlnJrlln)rr.l))uJtprSqicrn_rlnadIrosrrrJdJtlsnl.qt nplr)JJClurrs
r'L-'q.nuU.utrolnrJnrJrbljlr)c?"usSunJrrPrllrn'raaIo'Jltrrlerlqr,SoilEuJnd.trrrte-slnrtSqn'.ilaqznptdcs:'-l.surnrq'olrsrls.uorrer'a,ftr,urJ,lrannontrs1sliJenJrd(rrrrlssrslrnr.a,!tJJdlinrp-ttEru"srJalull3lru.orn)rJr:lterEJprpulr?donrJudrrEsrortLsru,lrr.rrat-lrtuS1ruzl-rdE,1rr.1oerrrr1zr,:r1r-r.a'L5q.'lt
JE In]olJS rrrp prrcdacrrr 'lrrlads u1 ,gS r,rnlord rj_rgrr,ro
1l Jlr,rleLLr EJ EZearrori:rrn+ ra,rlsJ,reJ E,rnzErqttte EOE(I

',,rr.ut tllt.)" tJt-ulll ul snlutrl un lpJJp
elsa nrr rsrrr c51 ',,E,rnleu" Jp p,,tErLJrnrr-lllanoitlu,r.rtprur'a.rrzytdaaa-rrasd,raJalJdrrJ.f,rr.JrrtsllrdJsJ
-eJ wtep rtrrrSnr,rt nrjnd rcur Enop Jlrqg,rrs
rnop 'r-radef,ur Enop ,J-rJrLrEl
.r.rt--r uSit Jp rq.rol )ls1'JOttJlLtr jly uvl ).t1u) .tol.talul uLl-.tlulp
-uu.t.oLltcrt.rt,(JpilrJqc'Js.a)rplSjrt.urJrllr.rqrr-srtoJc,ri'1,t,'S.r.nr1h|,irL.:p)o,u.o,"J..,.rip,.\aJli)rr_ry.t lrl tr.rJ-l

-roi,ralrii
J-Illf ,ror-rJlxJ urp J-rr,tr.rd uldrurs nlr :f-rlrr llnllr rrrlr r$'alsaui;
-aP o J-mf Eel Jlsa louaJut,.1/r.r Is,lUolur eJ-rr^rJd .tJlsEJ-rJJ
-opnascl o p:l az-euortlrn1 qs tprJp ale-+ nn ro',,rorlaltr a;tri
r:Srr o -.r lrrr-rd Jls,'t,rr.rd rs- rl.rlU .s.rrntri srras ul rpp ,.r1unzrn
uJr..altl.J,rrrr-l-uJrrJ.rr.d.\rnr'(llul)l.l-rtr.llrlJtftnur-nlnJslnplpJogJLilUtqdousrut.,rrrro)rsr.ltdorrurl,lr.,rr)_lrxE,1.rptrsu.JIatr,r'toap-d+.r.Ett:otsElr.tpr).(lrUtt:.qrlnltnrrlr)

,rt;f:l:t];i1:llt'i:laarSpp'ta,Irnrtsrrioriarn,rrratcger'Saos[n'aar'ctsee-sroer]Slut rrr,rrrlrr,uortrsoqas{'^EvuSd"niJuS"rp-rEd_r.tsrpnJl-nral+rnuzrr,^rdIn..rrlorJr,lrrartoxpa
EaSilrErr fllzInE-raour_orrJirtrrrrrncypnqrrfHsurprurr-rrptslrrJJ-tlrJtcrrl.rI.rJJpJr,prollBEtJo,tr?soulEasA
rrl-r*,rtur
.Jtrpn-r

-rri slrrr_rls aArtfiulslroc iigrrpo,r atSrrr luns E,rlsuJ,ie+ rS rSn

1 1. liogier i.rn tler
\\ l,ie r,
|R tt.r l,!tr \ i,irt t tt I tt i

i,,-i :! r,,irLr1 sting, riu1,,-r
I 1-+5: (:),
.i
4 , i{ u--leri 1,,: l, nrn,
15inr,
I
ll.'rlin.
ii (,cnr.iklcgalL'rit.

l,Irti .i
; :i
I
: d.iU

q..l.€,}, I

,' .f

J

*

Interscct:rrc:1 dilltrc pictur:r c1c gcr"r ;i ce:r rcligi().tsi con-

stitr,ric ternir ilrsi$i ;1 Llnci opcrc cc cbLtinclc5te, in contcstlrl

nostrLr, o v;11oare parrdignr:rtic.i. Aceesti op!lj, cl.rtorati
LurLu nr;rcstrLl iltlol]llr ge rrltillr il reprczir"rtit pe .\finttrl Lur'a
pittind-ct pc ,V,tdonti (il. 21). Ea fi'rce;r cinclr.:r parrc dirl

ret.rblul Bisericii Augustinilor cle la Nirmberglz.
Pictorul este ?r$ez-at 1a sevalctul sr"rl1 ir-itr-o incipere scp:r-

r?1ti printr-un prag gi o anrbrazllri dc cca in care se afli

rnodclul sriu. T:rbloul la care lr.rcrcazir sc qiscgte in i.trr.rct's-

h+

'Ltl nJs 11 LU IPU ( ) r I r,-

sJLI.rSlrlrLLl i.

'ir-,tJaltr-lll

'rrLLrJI Jrl t-

l,\

|t"'t& ' t )t.ttrrt.)[tJt,)t;ul'1I il t ).t l.

7rut.:
'-l ()l rLt Llslt:r t-

n1l ]u l( 11 :

Ilt,llsirl\ -

EloJ-rnr :tr3l1tPE as r JtlreLLrJIe atlv'olrqrsod rrz11.+u()l 'Jl -r.l

rJJlllrJo r?^r-rlodurr a-rrzrljJAll o atsJ sr-rfs lr:llrrras ]sJJV 'JI)t-Ll 'Ll

---'Lrnrrurrrr!rd5.^lrlllr'r,)n,fzglnJrzlP.roladod])fl,JrrdcprlEJrrlgr(JrlilltuzrrlErruapA.rlouJsoa|-lsaoJdprE'nrr^lJolaul'sllE?ldoft,r"IA.r\Iollrr-qedr8itJ.urLl1lrLu1rl?enl ,Jtorlrll[r:qrsJs.rtlrrrPln-Ir1qds: aaJInrlltdrtrsrIrIIL.IJIrndlr-lriouooqJIl rrlnn'i

-slrrrJt rcr,rlltrAJ terellmf r? uJrr{IruE+ EJe+soLU][ rs r-rp]rraza-rdr-r t illn 1u1'

IISe.IluI lt lsrtllrlrir In-ralf,E-Irr)'Jlle+.IJcl tults litltu,)sti(r.-l .rr| rir \
(lrnS) Ei1ltrnl'l.l3.rrdo{,p1.:rr)pprr-'r(rnd,l1tInlzJoru'1iqql[tr)):rtr)+Jll1lraitlt-rlllrLlsrlrfll.r)S'r,.,1.!..,)r.rn']rsz..lr:1-r,rq1Blru.lrrtr.r'.l{rat'l,rnJ-rLIJdIPr r:LJI.rllr-s)rr,trndPl)t.f)ul.,1)rl

Madonei 9i a copilului, crucea formati c1e penelul 9i de
bagheta pictorului...

Dar ceea ce face din aceasti operi un document de pr-in-i
ordin rcferitor la raportul dir"itre imagine qi cadrul siu cste

modul in care pictorul 9i-a amplificart discursul pictural.

Prin celc doua ferestre, se pot vedea rrigtc peisale carc sunt
in fapt semnele unei congtiir-rtre bine asumate a funcqiei in-
cadrante a ferestrei. Fereastra Mariei dialogl-reazi cu am-
brazttra ugii; cea a lui Luca cu cadrul tabloului insusi. Aces-
ta din urmi poate fi perceput ca ur1 ,,perete absent" sau ca o
usi desclrisS. nevizutl' Maniera in care uga calrerei Mariei

este racordati - in extremitatea stangi - la cadrul tablor-rlui

lasi sI se presupuni ci dialogul dintre spatii a fost tura din

preocupirile majore ale rnaestrului.

,,Gcnul pur", ca gi ,,interiorul pur", corlstituie o invenlie
ti,rzie. Este dificil, daci nu irr-rposibil, si se determinc rolul
pe care l-a jucat ancadramentul usii in aparilia 1or. in timp
ce in cazul niSei cu obiecte qi ;rl ferestrei cu pcisaj, se putca
urrniri o linie continui, ducind mai rnult sau nai pulin di-
rect de la incunabulele Renaqterii la inflorirea din secolul ai
XVII-lea, interiorul refuzi, in schirnb, o abordare exclusir.
istorici. A incerca stabilirea ascendenlei lui Van der Vey-
den (de pild;) in pictura lui Vermeer este in aceast; privinli
rnetodologic fals 9i, in cele din urmi, inutil. A gine seana de
faptul cI pictura flamandi a secolului al XV-lea a fost, in

secolul al XVII-lea, consideratd drept ,,clasici" - adicd un
tezaur inepuizabil de solutii 9i de descoperiri ,,exemplare" -

este, dimpotrivi, o necesitate incontestabili.
Doar confruntarea morfoiogici poate arurlca o oarecare

lunrini asupra mecanismului ce guverneazl. formarea imagi-

nilor artistice in secolul al XVII-lea. Dar aceasti con-

fruntare nu va avea sells decit daci va reugi si releve nu

numai analogia cu faza,,ciasici" a secolului al XV-lea, ci 9i

- ceea ce este mult rnai inrportant - diferenla. Aceax.i dif'e-

renld consti, in contextul discugiei noastre, in urmitorul

fapt: in tirnp ce in secolul al XV-lea, motivul ugii apirea sub

forme nesifure 9i plurivalente, firi a ajunge vreodati la o

adevlrati cristalizire metaartistici, el devine, in secolul al
XVII-lea, un topos utilizat ca netodl de autodefinire a pic-
turii de interioi. In stadiul actual al cunoqtinlelor noastre
este greu de crezut ci rnorfologia ugii se va fi repercutat in
mod clirect asupra naqterii scenei de interior ca gen pictural.

Ea nu va fi - atunci cind va apdrea - un semn genetic, ci un

semn inter,prelatizt. Ea aparginc, tnai ntult decit genezei sale
in sine, monrentului de meditaqie asupra datelor-structurrle
ale picturii de interior. Pentru aceasta va trebui si se agtepte

65

t9

luartsrroJ pollr ur Flerado tsol r+ u Jrrd eJEnls-I plseaf,E erEJ '.\lJli?n IPU()rlP\
r.rr JtEtpp JJJdo JIarurJd JJlr,np ELrn 'rturSELr.rt Jlp rrirds pnop 'P,lpiro'l

a;lur a.rr-ruHas ap 'lutrorirpe-rl nps InloJ lrl ?zapueIo e;ntctd ur 'ltr] E'.ts x c-
an,lreJdJrarl;urrrrsanprlna,sturosru(rr'Sua9c9aI-p08E9A1alBaf.,rrapp3 'pSn ap n-rptcTr.rndnc 'lrrull atl r11r.

Jtsurl ep Jol t1 ttap) .SE9
I
JorJJlur ap r-rnrcrd E3 Jlrrmrrr rnlnlotrJs e atutputn[ ?nop u
'ulautl ttstuIn;t
'sJrtr i s?lotrlN c-

i:

":G.T\:

t'srt 51rriirz.,t a,l,,ttttit,i (1655, il. l-5) dc Nic,.rl.rs \lees dc 1.r
N.rtionrl Crll.'r'r ,.lin Lc,nclr':.tls. l-.stc r-ur trblor.r clc getr cu
eonotrrtii nror.rliz:rr.ttcl'). I)aci il coml,er-inr ctr inragitrilc dc
c1r-rblatc ,rle lui Pictcr Acrtserr (il. l), rcnrarcinr inrcriiet c'iilc
rcnqelc. La M:res (ii.25), sccna rilrr furrclrtl frLttctionc;rzi c.r tr
,r clon,r scen:i rle gelr) Lrir u11 ,,titbloll cle interior" intt'tttr;r]t
t;rbiotr c1c intclior:. Acccsr.rl privitorultii la irr-r.rgint' se f.tc., in
ltliltrLri l,l;rr. I.r'irt q.ttlrrtl t.tbl,'LrlLii, irt 1.l.1rrtrl,l,'i. [riilr e(l.l]

i,rsii. Accstc d..,r.r.r c,rt'lrc sLrnt pirr:1le1c;i - c:r 5i lrr Acrtsetr -

irirplici o zoltr-'r dc ct,nt,rct. Crrr:rctcrul ,,di.r1ocic" :rl inr:tginii
cstc sr-rbliniat clc figr-rra ccrltrali ;r sltr jnicci surizito:rt'c crrrc
sc rrdrcse i1z.it privitorr-rltri, ii lorbe 5tc, il prive 5tc, il irttrocltrcc,

intr-o nrrrnicri irpr()apc col-rcreti, in imrrgirrc. O intrclg:r

scric de .ol)crc c1c Nicolas Maes clin rtcce,tsi pclitt.rc|i iltrrsti
intcrcsul glunret, d,rr const,trtt, pe crlrLr gL'llcl';1t1.1 posl-rc1l1-
br-;urcltiani i-rr.rrit;rt problcniei irtc;rstr.rrii int.tqirril,,t. Mr-tlti

,,rllie; lll.lcsrl'i", 1,1'l111lt'..tt't'\e llLlllr,ll..1 Pi,'t.r J, l,','. lt.,Itt

llnrnr.rnlicl tle \\i irtc, r'or frcc' clin privirc.r pt'in r-rsi (c;rrc,

J(,..1.rn Steerr,

.\tll,rttrl Jt

J ittt i n t,t t,i ,
Lt,nt1r,t,
Ii,urkinqhrrrr
I),t l,r ir'.
((r ) \'1.1;!sr.ucr \,1

11.',si nr I:l is,rbet.r
.r ll ei.

(l r\

69

t'1, (l

'1;r.1 '(.)slu.T, lt!rruuorttt' N) artrlrrtsrruol'1 'r-u.!n'I (si-lr(l'Lut ll \;g1 'qzurrl trl
Lur:r1-r.r61 L
E'i9t I x t9a '!zup(l
ad rrln 'a991 '.Lolual ttit.ttt t,.tdusy t.r;:lt,\
'rrrtr:ltsHoopl rrp.\ Jltrurs .Sa ' gc<1 1' I 7 t u.tt ! u"t'r)r.trt)ru-rttts1F) IirJot lI y t, td u s t,,t.1,. I
I
1,,,,., 1"r..,r"(

rl'LclJlIc.!-,l,rrJ.ol,Jr.l.Ll,rlr\l.rfdrllfJl3lUltli.sllllE-ltrlaJ[.Ildl]ouurlrrlrr!J.trllnrJt'lsl-l"n"(ual.U.pl)n.strlzt,J.rtrn'rIlq.Jl'llJuqloq.lttJsdrIta'o)l1l)tt:li1t,.lJ)rlJ1q.)t1-rl1rtipPl(tpirE1l).1.l.\..lylrJ1d.)fll.t\rlrJn-rilJoO:r.'trrrJiolltrelsillultt'-lyt.rrlEd.lrndl\'
'(82 '1t 'ar)91).rurtt,ns8oo11 uf;,\ Irnrlrfs :r1I,lu.ept.k)') LrI
'su,)s ltlqnp ltJ t'1,'rltolUt.r ()_.t ltil.rlo.r,)

s-InellPPlieolduz:sEt emnlsllrrnr,SrEllrrrpouifur:Ocirr.rmsul-rrrrtllrJrJBura-lmi Jlonprrrll]l-lrirrJr_tnrsvrJd'aIr;c-IrzpJ'rpnIrnlrnEl.pIroorrl-lrJnotoru-rregIt,ulrrrrflrrronqdrnronl
rJlLrllLrrnlrr rrr I11r1'u.rootlrnlr,frdr,Taelnrlrpllorl,rrlou_r il(rgrrZ,ntltd) u?riLa)raautuwntpEpapr
-r?.)5.'fut,+o.rd lLtjpl

e,ids^

'uJatS uuf rrn ap ItEZrlrrltlr rS ptEtJ,rd-ratnr Jtsa ,,qLLr8?,r+?rp
Inln.rrP" trPolJI,^d 'lLIJZJ,rd I+ E J.If d EIlIP]]rl 111 lIlIoJI adto-rdt
LloJlill Htr[rrp rrll'azaPLrEIo e,r]uat JtlnLLI MII tII s^Oto-rd

]SA.TP ITT]IlIIIIIS I-IUTTI.IN A]EOd JS 'IILIIFXLUI IIIIIl,IPC] E-TNIqIIP

trJrlclxJ pottr ul JlrrAJp rrSn In,tpE] 'rfJzillS rrLrp a-rtI)

:lri:i: lllprr r o LLr Lrn(a c ) r r It ]r.t () o p r :or :; llT': j,",,i
ar r LU n u r pr

itrtr-o operi inruditd, cu Coridctrul, gi care a fost atribuit;i

recent aceluiasi pictor, discursul metaartistic devir-re rnai
(numiti 9i
clar. Este vorba despre Vedere prin trci comere Pieter de
Papucii)
de la Luvru, atribuiti auterior lui
Hoochia (Il. 27). Cadrul cerltral - cel al uqii din prinul plan
- donrina cinrpul inraginii si se dcschidc asupra urrui pasaj

ingust ducind la un al doilea cadru, indiritul ciruia se itr-

tr&ede in slirqit un interior ocLlpat doar de cAteva obiectc.

Uqa deschisi a acestei ultin-re calnere este semnalirti prin

cheile lisate in broasci gi care se detaqeazi pe peretele din
fundal. Pe accst perete se afli un tablou dc interior, in

maniera lui Terborch, intr-o rauri. neagri, oferind - dar la
un al doilea grad de rerllitatc - ceea ce lipsea dirt celzilait

tablou al lui Hoogstraten: prezenla figurii Lrlrane.

Raportul intre interiorul-tablou gi interiorul-vizut-prin-

uqi devine n-rai clar dacii revenirn la priu"rul plan al repre-
zenterlri tzrbloul lui Hoogstraten, chiar in totalitatea sa, nll
este decAt o ambrazuri de r-r9l. Aceasta din unni este inci

29. Vernreer diu

I )cLft,
Scrisoarca dc
drdgo stc,

citrc 1667,
ulei pe pinzi,
44 x i8,5,
Anstcrdam,

1{ijksmuseun.r.

70

II

--Erpar;JJelrrpltad'sn-nusralrlutJrorfl-u'(srJuroE E'ggx1tr) asnpa-r Juuo+ ruursuerLr
,rola,rado
ratrtr-lofrru rf (62 .ll)
Lurpralsrlrv rrrp LunJsnlrtsrili5 r1 ap '.raaur.rJ-\ ml r sroButp
ap ataotltJ1 E,rgaleJ Jtse Inrurrd 'p;nlcrd rreE ur nrlrl.ro
-rrJtrrr Eairur+Jpotnu rtSmrt.rrntsrurrpol Jra?ln-ldllrJrrqalodrLrroa.xr:rllnIuop,roJ1rrlrVln1os
.LII^J,I I]S NIZECO 1]JAE
t?atEtrs-rJrrp llnLU relrr

Lill

IoA rra-rEf r,rdnsr EInJJ]r'rp 'rta;ad rs nolqrt ,irurErurr r-tnp
-)-rllopqq)rrry'Jtu'n,p)llruuurrr'Jri,ltI!;lur.rrJr:dg.lnnu.Jllt.JJrlr.ulUtroplUtlJor(tL^rr"srq,;r,'Sr,.rrH1Jdrpr:rprbtu"n:rrr-(rlrsr.arrlorqil'E:)tilstrnu.rll.,Ir.Sn..oLulr)qorEU.,l'
ulsJo1rr.rrrlBtlrsrLtJIl.J) trsr.rr.lrlrqrtsrror'lda-racr1s-,rrJlnrrNr !s'1lrJUoU./J-J)dJuUtots.,taplsdlLllrrJrsiltq.1JSJrrlr ,rd

' r^rr'rru r r: qrdr: a-rp r,r,,..,rrrtl ff t;;;5;t ;Ti ill.#r: I
"

'-ui

Ituo'Irt'PzLtNtrrfr'rta-i16r]drri::-
'Es9T-099t i.
'lrzn.lt1 llt.tr.

'(; ) r1r:
rp 11tllopn'1

nrinlc$[c,rici t.rbloLrrilc lrri V,lrl H()()gst]..rtctl, r'11 Lll'eil ttit clct'C-
niu nr.ti ,,cchi. Lrr \''et-itrect.. Ir'ilttLtl ;,l.trr cste, irt rrroti ,rzil,il,
r-rn ,,in al.rrr rr;ii". (.,.rcir.trl trriritrr.rltrr cillc lilt(lc caltl'c Piitr':lt t'\-
e1r-rtlc crr.itc cortl:uzic: pr rrrrr-r1 PL.rrr, rrtri rrri-i1t ..1.'cit r-Ltt irtt.'ri,,t.,
ir-rte ritlr irtiitrs,irttl () ,,1liltu1-ii llloill.tal". ll1
cstc un ir-rrgt.rctrt c1c
jo,rci roltrl ulrLri .)//-i:r,,li. 1.rL.i clt' .rd*.ir.rtr.r1 inte r.irrr., t jzil,il
r('f

clincolo dc ant[]r;lztlra trSii. Vcrtit:rrlitirtc;1 ;trLLltLl.lt.l .r.rtestei

clcschicltrr i si ilnlplilsilrc,I s:1 irr .rt,ir..r rr.'i irc ,1csi!,trr P.1r'te tli.n
intcntiile pictorultri. LrLcr-iorr-rl inc,rdt',rt cic Lrqi e trprirtclc, dc
,tsti tlrrti, ilolti per-son.t jc. Pt'r etclc prt'u irlti tl.rr,ri trbli,trrr cr-r
pcisej. ( )r'iz.ontalit.iterr rtrrtt-irtci) (,1t'u L\[e! si c,r, ,,c'icz.lrati",
Pr.irlcil.,ile (si cr-r
colrtr.irste,IZil ct-t r-erttc:rLiL.rle,r scertcL itlc;lcir.,lt si 1,cis.r rcce:t,r
jtrl stlnt
c:rclrLrlui). N,rtr-tra nlor't1'ti, interitlrnl

crr trci nr,rcl.rlitiri,rlc irtt.igirtii .c se csitl()tle,lri irl .t.lirlctrlle.
LJltrnrLrl crcnrplu h c,rrc rlf \rr('rt s;i ttti rcl:cr rie i itttlicr,t, tl,:
.1scille 1lcil, collse cllltil lrltrrll.i .1 ,,lturle r.ii irl ilrl,rgirre " 'l e ttclt.tl-
lr-u Lrqrr. l',tbnrul rt'l'rtz,tl c1c lr N,rtrorr.tl G,rllcn tlin L.orttlr-,r
(i1. f C) rrpru!irte si cl r,rrrr-ri rrr.List legrt ..1c s.,,.tlr tlirl I ).lit, .c

rr fost idcntifrc,rt, r-incl l)ct ritlcl' cLl P;ctcl-dc Hooch' Srrllltrcl
l-irn Hoogstrirtell, Herrrlricli r-rn cicr llulch 5r i.nd,rlph Llc
erlicont-tcc(r'1tt1rc.t1t.)etl-tci rci (t)trlcterlfi-i
Jongl-ris. 1.1 inl'i1r5cez-i o sccni clc inte
r-tti
lic"i,r cl, .pt ,,tipici". Lristi ittsrr
r.rn intcrci r1t.,itc, 1a c'xtt-ctttitatc.l stillqi rr trrblotlltli, oll-

servilm lrargrlrcrr fr clirntir tt5ii, carc totrtt.-li s-.r..lcschis,
pt'r'rrrit.irrtltr-i Ifi1ilr,trtltti \'l ,,|,llILlll(l l" irl ittt.r'i,rl:.1s.1-rltl-

irrirLrl d, ,,,rhtjlijc.t tlo'ctrit t,rblbr.r. Si nt'fcrinr insir rr I'cc1c.r irl
ilccrlsta I czr-rlt.rtul Llltci cvolLltii llrlc.rlc il ll'IOtlvLllLli. Acest
tablou clete;rzrr pr,rbaLrrl din 1(r55: .:l esr.'..1eci crortologic
r.orbinci - antciior- opcrclor- 1ui lloogstr',rtcn (il.-27, 28) sett
Verrneer (i1.29) de;.r nrcnqi,-rtr:rtc;i clctrr..tttslt'cr.tz;i sintlrLtarlei-

taterr un it-t int ct-es, clivc rs fclrilrttl rlt, frc lltru clrrtcl c lllcti.lill-t1 s -
ticr rie ,rncrclratrcntulr,ti. In t,tblor,rl dc 1.r LontLe (r1. 3C),
prcz cntir o gl i n zii clitr :r ricrptl rrn c otrlcri r,rrl supl i rllctt t clc' .t r-
trfi.,ir-r compozilicr: pcrsort,rjul c.rre sc'rcllccta itt c:t, iirtttt'-
ci'rr.1 spetel! gru1.,r,rlL1i, prrivc5te itt re,rlitatc 1;1 cct'a cc sc pc-
trc.:c dincolo' cle i,rdrni/u5ri. l.l cste itltrb.lsrtclo rtrl pri vito r-tt-

lui in trrblor-r (c1 sc afli, in f,rt;r oglinzii, itr 1.',,zitir prir-it, 'r'Lr-
lui in frrqrr tirbioultri), c'ler gi inter-loctttortll s.ru.
Tcori.r .rrtci din cp.Li r rPgl-c17J t, t,rtliiicat-e progrcsivi e
(I1u6t Cd-ot)c,,rsle<t'jgki1ste,.sicnciItteirrr'p.rcgcrrrrrr,-_nttrlit,c'cFa{.trtr'tsstiVirrcrtcel.r,c,'.,s,.u,tlt .1. \'.i.t

rrtttorr.tllti

DCllll'Ll l't'Dl'CTClll,ll'CJ t'r)l'C\t,l (Jil.tll\ltll)l . lll)ltcel'l\r'lr'\i.lr7''Ll.tlrb,'rl)'tt''l:lrllzl ,t rt

ir;.'I *.l.' ,.'it ..,,,'.-..1i,',{t',tqrrt;i" ,'

,,qtiirrlii r-t pitrut.rcierill,r" (t^/oor ztchtlitrndcS al circ'i sLlcccs
estc inc,,ricstabil. Astiel vederca printr-o r-rqi ajuttgc si
descrntrcze, citre nrijiocul sccoltrlur', Pictura pr-rr 9i sinlplu.
Prrgina cle titlr,r a Elogittlui Tticturii dc Pliilip Anscl (1r,-12.

72

TL

rir nEOPnlJrrr ala :tsLrnluof EJntEsPJt o urjnd Iar (elasurrl

-ur Jol -rolurqasoeP ?Pnif rrr 'llEtuJzJ.rd JlrrrElrr rELLr etszrlPlnl

Jlr,rnolqtl 'g,rEur:ipttrr ?.r11dn] rS !lcrirrJlsrxa E-rndnJ a,ulrr 3oI
-EIP un €zEe,Iado e,rEl rrlSrlJErlaLLr LLrSIriEJOLLT Lrn aP Jurl rrSn
ts l1ES rortsarJj ? (rasru c EIEJntrrd Ea.rrtuazJJdJu 'nriEds lllr

illUn U,)lIr.url+B rs JlJ.rJd llt].rn PJJf,SJU rr.\rJlodoJp tlrns Jtr-'oI
'lr11zr-\ dtru--' rrn Etrurrlep e ap Jol EatptrJEdNt ru-rd Srrnsrp as
e-ruc atetrleJ,r ap etualuHE-iJ tLrns alrSn rS ela.usJ-ro1 'a1e Sr11

aruPu'7

'r;nlcrd rrou IE ,,nou" Inlnqr.rtr erlltrtsuof, rruJn urp
,rpp 'aindr:ixni rr'sn lnirrarur:-ipt:nu rs ra,ns.r,ri1
IJI JLLr?,r p? )Lrv' Li 1e1tsr,"r.t,rs Sr E EUErI
LLu lit8 a1 a uot z tu J.so.r relrLLrnrr -p
lntu
a-.I-)rqr'l:u.rc_ln'nrrlrlrolfssr'rJnrtrsdJ,rrJ:l+s rlrrn lnrrlSrrnrde.rp rrr 'rsnpo-rdo,r atsJ
$ a[t1[n1,Loop rrn arrr]sns F.tLtptrJ epLtn
'(f f Il 'll9l ) s \()lo.trL1 lJnttrrs nl tJctt',tdstt.t r ntttt Jl) lru

-rii,.l',',d,irc,rs1:i as J.lrollrrrrsJSr J.rrls,)r,).,d.1.,"6 ,1.,1t,.,1'r,oo7t
r.. ,.rrii,..^
rirr ilrrrrr.rzr.rdr,r r-',r:1cl o p.tg..t Erirlfal o--rtlrr lrrri tr'sq-r'.rt.rhrr

rp lrllScq o rs JlJinsurd 'craled Elrrtr
-rLItV sEIIEd ralcz a1r,rnrgsu,u qns ulvtptJ ror;nros-rad (tg g

'y391'up.ia1' r i:t pet/s.Lt 11 ';191'rp-ir'1'pSrrlr Jr
nltrr.rcl rln-rt:-rS 's:rr-r1 rp utrtr;pr-r.\ rrrl' ac
ap rt.Lnlttl tn1nt3o11 r llllt ap rrrrEr,l'nrrrrorrl

,:IAt r{{Y ,}l&:!l
-i:y :pir1 .rprrrroo* i r!js/}!;-] I &rr,l.ic i{ l!,}111p3q$

d, \ryt i }t ?t :{{,i-T {t{}li

:) ll .f.

;d-lA

|; !i

:-lt:)r!V !.iiXll;{

irrr,rgir.re o partc din contcrtul ge nczei lor. Accasti prrrte lltl

a fost llerrsi la intinrp-'l.rrc: estc c.:.1 cill'c,r pernris clcfinircrr
inrtrqinii incadrind -o. T'r.rnsfrrrnr.rrtd corttextu l (srru Lrn rcst

de ctrlrtcxt) in ;ri61111'1i, arti$t1i sccolulr.ri ,rl XVI [-lc:r prortre,ru
cle 1.r intlcb.lrilc It r- ilsLlpr:1 1in-riter inrrrginii qi ;r r,rportului

acestei linrite cu 1r-rrnca rcal;i.

i.nteRrepprcrot;drtu:ci ecraeaoL,ln,coorn,f,ecsleiLs]cnhcid,crrui torebirioleg"r.rinf icpiic"tu:rriirpno.ragticn.ifi,i

confesiunc cc trebuie cititi la nivelul s;iu corect,5i rrnumc la
nivelul u-retaforic. Pentm a fi n"rrri prrccigi: t:rblourilc cLl nrl-
turi moartc, pcisajelc sau scenclc dc interior nli sLrlrt in nici

Lur c;12, a J'orLiori, vecleri asLlpra r"rnci niqc, printr-o fcrcrrstri
srru o u5ri; dirr putcr.rr afirma cll certitllcline ci crcmpielc ir"i-

clr.rz.inc'l in imlgine o niqri, o fcre,rstr',i silLl o r.r5i sunt

atcstirile unei meditirtii :rsuprir consubst,rntialit:itii strllc-
turale dintrc crrdr-ul im.rginii 5i orict' ,rlt tip clc incirclrirrc.
Accrrsti nrcditaqic cle l'inc incir gi nr;ri conrplcxi intr-o ;r rlor.rir
se ric dc operc, in c:rre c'lcclubl;rr-e;r nu se nr:ri cfectuc:rzi prin
rcclrrgcreir l.r un simili-crtdrLt, ci prin inclr-rclcrc:r in inr;rqir-re

chiirr a ranrci t,rbloulni, cor-rfornr unni r;1port clc iclcntitatc.

I{anr:r orici.rui tablou stabilcstc idcntit,rte'r fictir-rnii. A-i

da unui t:rlllou, in rrfari de ram,r s.r rc.rlh, o rrrn.ti pictati

inseanrni a ridica ficqiunc:r la putcrctr 2. Tabloul ctt rami

pictat:i se ;rfirn.rii c{e.[or-r,1 or'i ca lepr-czent;1rc': el este inragi-
fcl
nca nrrui tablou. L.r crr si rcprczcnt:rrc:.t inc,rdririlor
e er
,,re,r1e " dej,r analizat.i, r r.rnrci pictr-rralc tr;ursfonr.ti r-u.t
frirgmcnt clc context brut in picturi. Singnr;r, cltrr totr-rEi

nlarca difercnti rczicll in firptul ci, in vrcn'tc cc c,rdrr-il fe rcs-

trei sau al r-rgir clezr.il uic contcrtnl !r'ttt'zci opcrei, rcpre zcn-

trlrcrl ,,corniSei" srrr-r .r ,,bordr"rni" - pentru rr utiliza telmcnii
c;rocii l-/. irrclucle in ini,rgine tr p.lrte .l in ccrrtextul cxpuncrii
operei sLlnt insi-r iurr-rciite prin crlntirc-
Ccle c{oua mctoclc

tul stabilit, in an-rbele cazuri, intre ,,situ,rtia dc enritcrc" :r
nresajr-rlui pictural qi ,,siruaqi:r dc re cept,rre " ,r ,rceiui,r;i nrcsaj.

In tablor,rrilc cu cadru de ugi, dc lererrstrl sau dc niqi,

privitorr,rl cstc chenr,rt s:i vacli im,rginc;r prin ochii rrr-tistr-r-

lui/cnrititor. l.l cstc situat in falrr sitr.r;rqit'i .lc cnrisic. In
t:rblourile cLr ranrri fictivii, pictorul cstc ccl c;rrc sc rle

clublcazipunindu-sc el insu5i (9i opcr.r sa) in sitnllia cle re-

ce ptarc. In irr-nbcle cazuri, linritcle inrirginii sLlrlt for!r1tc.

itolurile rcspcctive, cel irl ,rrtistului 9i eel :rl privitorr-rlui, sr-rnt
presLlpuse a fi, intr-o nranierii s:ru intr-;rlt:r, interq;rnj,rbiic.

inaintc clc ;r abo,da dif-critelc r.r'rodr-rri clc rcprezcnt:rre alc

,,cornigei" in cirnpul pictural, tr-cbr.ric si incercim sI

74

9l

'EIElot adro-ldr JtsJ EaletJaqr-I 'JitJtse e-rapa^ Jp

tcund Lrrp e;a;ns rs r-rado ro u-rEJ 'lue e,trlef, ap Iu^Jatur ult EI
lrqrurrlls rJoolrn rl prrrrnd ?tsoop '1nl1u nrs tuaur€-rp?Jrrt un
rurr,rd alrod nolqEt u11 ',,rStrr-ror" rS eur8rrur J,rtlrr -raqr1 I,rod
-!J rnlrn rJ,rt,rnEtslrr pirrrfasrroJ rda,rp ne (uladrr nBS E3rJesrq
piads rrr) ar,rore8rlqo a-reseldrur Errrrll o-Jlrrr1.r runtcid ra,re,r

-aqr1a',rrprq8rrntda"rp inlnturu,ro+ Ear€zrlrrrlreC'atrtrlrqrxJlJ

alrillLm o arSapurqop,,llr-rJpoLU" Erlrt,r'alurntratnl-rtrspll
€s rur-roJ rS rricrrnl nt 'n-ralScne5 eLLreJ ap r:eg '6cplrlelrJ8

ll-inllts c-r 'tloda plstJJE ur 'ulsrrJ rELLr nlr ,,eSnr,roo" rS arrr8rrul
J-rlrrr t3 ttrlp,m nr lterqns mtsalu s-rdnsr eluJla,r 11pnrS

rJ a-rrJ ad gc,,olpuilb pp oourrult$rnuds7rrarulsearp'etrsrJrJuoapf fsetlrrr o

'esuorun-r; E,mplog El?J 'sour

-l-u+ Il:Lrt IVJ lJala un eJxj r a-tds 'unp;oq ur asnd tlrlts JIe ptep
ItTJJP a1Irl1ol9tll llrPor:IU ulll-tE I5a nu IIJol.uLut rS rr-rotsnSon
paeJts JC'esrol?JE rrru aJr]:1 L: u1 rS pJrrJLLrJsr: ap arnciuluol ele

.rtp '.ro1r-rnolqet llrerutuio tda.rp JSor\JJS elerux-r €f rrrunu nN"

:co^nloa g-rp1 rurr,rdxa Js rroda Lrrp ptrr ep tetr-rt Lrn 'Ea1-IIAX
Jts ll-rloJas rrr eaAE o Etsrafr J-rE3 ad ErlEtr+rurlres uraSalalui

'3t91

'rurpiatsruV's.rololtl,!
lJnru?\^ rtrl u ::.t t s a ds tt rl
nrlrrrcl rrltu :rp qrnlir.l

'rslrv ur.\ Ir*s1 tt

r; .j}l rl-rt ' i:?1 : r''t .f {

.:;

ri{

ryf*$*
rynSt; ;y 11,f,n: a&t,ift,*-.rnr't
ut
ntuwMt 'xlm44l*,
*a.lg y tt4wu Vu$ "" n"y
''ggsnd'ns.*&

'poqas; rqd ;*oycl ug
:&v.
' rllerrrl erialutFulil

norLJrrUUI 1r .rrrhr1.'ur;
rl rfll, IlllO3Hl ul luur

l{er3r!c}

I.,l'3;1.i-{"3v3r dt?i3d

Celebra scrisoare a lui Por-rssin citle Chanteiou (c1in 2ti
aprilie 1639) referitoar-e la Isr.ae.lilii cu/.cgind mani in dc;crt
este 111 acc:lsril prrvrlli ulul clitrtrc docut]teutele cele llai
elocvente. Accaita scrisoare 11c poelte f;lce si inqelcger-n, rl'r:li
bine decit orice r-nirtu,ie contcrnporat-ti, itltportatrt,t ;tc.lr-
dati de 1111 artist inrirt-rarii uneia dintre opcrele saie4o:

,J. . , Artr sri vi.r in5tiir-rgez tntt.r;ti ci vI voi trinrite tablor-rl DorrrLriei
Voestre ,\'lana prtn Bertirolin, curierr-tl de Lyon [...] C:|rd i1
veli primi pe al Donrniei Vo:rstre qi dacl il r'e1i g;isi izbr'rtit vrr
.og i;-1 iniamaqi cu pulini conri5i, pelltrll cir atlitrci cind este
.oi.t.,t.tp1at in ir-rtregin.re are ucvoie crr ochiul si fie relirrr-rt, i,rr
nu atrils ir-r afari de obiectele I'ecitle, carc s-i1r pLlte;l elllestecrl

cu cele pictiltc creindr.t-se confuzie,
Ar fi de dorit c;r respectirra conliSi, sa fie ar-rriti cll Ll1l .1Llr 111;1t)
frinclci ilccst;1 se arnionize,rzi blind cr-r cr-r1orile, fari sir lc,tdtrcir
r,re O yitit-ttare. "'11 ':

Se rcnrarci de indati ci raportul irnagil-rc/ra.nir prirreSte
icnreescarzisiooapreeraa,ludai rPdoeusstisuiantaoruilului,stcr:orrleecleioxncamruplluair,i:ii:1rretivsituLell
o rattti, care este r':izttti crr o ir-l.rpcr.iu.rsri
rnoelcuelsditaete",-idpic,.ttta-tt"i garallteazi uni-
de pet'cc'pet'ea opclc'i: ea
ratcr si idcrrtitarea specificl tabloLrlrri. \c pt-tterrr intr,-'b,t, pc
..lrept crrr irrt, cc irrlclegea Potrssin prirr ,,,''biect.'le i ccitte'
carc s-rl'put('a Jlllcstcea cLl ccle picrate crcirtdu-sc corlluzi."'
si c1e car! ,,tabloul Mana" trebuia sI se diferentrieze prin
corrriga sa? Dat fiind ci acest tablou era dcstinat tttlui nrare
colecliouar, plrteln presupune ci ,,obiectele vecine" erau, iu
fapt, alte tablouri. Aceasta ar insetlua ci, pentru Pottss.irl,
,,conri5a" Itu cl'a trutttai ceca cc scp:ll'a.,pera de lttlrrc'.'i si
ceea ce separa o operi de alta. ,,Corniga" este o condilie
'pcnintl'tur-r.d^eorrpir.,tnpisctiopr-oulartei vfiinreeaaslnurpernateei 9i admiratii.
Perceput; scrisorii sale :
ia sfirqitul

,,inainte de a-1 expune ar trebtti pulin onlat. Treblrie a5ez-at
loarte pulin deasupra nivelulr,ri ochittlui..."12

Pentru a-i cor-rferi tabloulr-ri vizibilitatea ideali, ,,corrli$a"
nu aiunse. Tabloul trebuie si fie agigat pe perete in funclic
de un pirvitor ideal 9i iu concordantri cu perspectiva- Aceas-

ta inseamni ci rama intri, cu perspectiva, intr-utl sisten ce
g.aranteazi unitatea pelceptiv; r opereial. Ascn-reni.perspec-
rrvcr crrc ot'lamzeazil pc de o pertc, canrpul pictural 5i
condiqioneazi, de cealalti, pozilia privitolului fall de ecest

"'l'rac1. de Radu Berceat.itt in NICOI'AS P()USSIN, Scrisori, Bucure5ti, Ed'
r:idianc, 19l(' (N. tr.).
Me

76

LL

alsr,rorJs - JJtlol'ulmlrrasr unzul ur tuntaplolrn ft - !tr,rnE
t'r,r'i-,r-1l\rju,u.)rr.tt.Jr1I'r*'L.rrrL:odpr-ltil,rJitiztb1rrnrtrt1d1l r,,t,ltn-utr,rrtBt'-.(rr)d.lrnttoi-StlIilrUl)rL-urrl8.IltfsqoaI,rrtr.I.-tn.Ita.zlgtE,IrlI.Ijr'.Srtr,uSrrrt-cfIpo.p,id'rlrnnrIrdlrtl:dal toI,r,nrrrrros6.)irls.q'i,u(rtItil'tllc1"'nll(nr)iqri:eqqr1npo'l

!ln;^a-r o rrl rlEnl eillqJ-n nu Lilss1-Iod rnl Ir.rr)t-rJtr)-irl lnl,r.rrttr

Lrr-r1-u-rlrllr frtp .rErr]J tt,,trLrn-rcl -urE r-rr+ rS aldurrs Jl,lroJ
ur-SrnrP,,r.(rrcLliltsrs.rnJ,l.ldlr'rlCnd" as 1l nu rs alts.rol{-rnolqBl ?f ErrnfJptotur

!u ?zueru-roJUr au nolJturrlJ rSr:1rry
'trprrrH ap 9p arlr:rrPLrr E(r-rn rrrll !tsrelv ',,J-rllLlrrrtrr,\
oJ,r,\ rrllPE JI !S !.r!+ '.-rll,r trln-r n-r PLrrlq f zrrzruoru-rll
JS UISJf? rJPUrr+'l?Lli Jnp Lm rlt Elr-r1111" - urssl-rod aunds - r11
us JrnqJ-rl rg'rrrrr8trur E rrJefr ap rS lrr'rn1n-rolr,rucl rJllrrli

Jp llr eurl f^ - Ino]qtr sndxJ ltrp o * ,,rsrrr-ror" 'dnrrr

.II]T]:

rtt:ltlOtlI

'I-ro \
'Lu-t f.
'ulrl.rl r!

't.t]):
i'tr,t1tltliL'1.1' t

ltri'

'lur1rttr11 r-rrr':

3-5..l,rrl (,ossrrrt
(zis I\4r1rust),

PortrtiuI

.[,rcr1Ltt:linti tlc
lJ11y'qltndit (?),

citre i52C, Lcnrn,
-ll r lS cnr,
L,rnc1r.r, National
( lailcn'.

virlortrcJ cLepturrghiului pre cilre -1 illconjoarri. L.ir constitr-lie

- l,r rrir clrrl expoziliolral - alt.t s.t{5,
in secolul a1 XVI-lea, de;a, s.c'^poatc relttarcA Llll llltcres

acccntuat pclltru pr_oicctla ralllcl iil ciinlpul inr.rgirlij. I-;r in-
(('pLll, nLl l-Jlltil llls.lsi, ci r.rrrlbr';t s.l csle c(',I c.ll';.: irtr.ttlt'.tzi
spirqiul t.rbloului. in acccaqi epoci, in firile dc Jos, iutilnim,

Dcnt ru pIirtta oll';i illtl'-o Illillllcl'i lllslstr.'llti, l'.lllla l'('Prr )-
hr.'r.,. M,-rdul irr e,trc.J.rn C,)s\ill't (./i5 M.rbtrse) ;tbortle'tz't

.lccJsti inor rtic ettc lrls.i atl I'ottll itP'll'tc' ltttt'-tt st'r'it dc
tablor-rri, mai'ales portretc, clat.rnd iir rllajorit,rtea lor din
1525-1530 (il. l5), persollrljLll rcrpreT-clltat este rczelll:1t clr
sD.lrelc de un rrir'r-ril;rn incadrat intr-o ,,corlli$i" I.r-rinulicls

r'!pr'.rrlr-rsi. Ar'r.'Ste ,iricr'1 ,larr'.,,'i lci,rr-t l.rt'tttrrttl trblorrltri, d.rr'
sulrt, in Irtrrjorit.lre,l I.rr. din Ill,ll'llltll'i l'ie tir l.

6L

-oI-nxlleplSus.pai.lllrrIr1IuBJr:-orrIJrrslnq)ollftJ',LJp'rlE.urrrlrnPtdiaJlpt-Ws'iJra.'lEtn-,srllrlr.drt\rJtIpoirrlrsrrlrrJd:r.tlv'tsnl+r1o'lo:ll1JqlErIl'qrsIlor.I'rlllortIr'lIllltrllldllJr-ItlEIllristlJLJI'IItr1ttl-tlt1otr1rlI-1olrI..roZP\JrO'tualld;csrl
ruol-IleLJttrIA:{oqE'rrrzrzorrdLuLrro9cs iatsact IOIlflI+IuLUJs tldnsr
'rurr,r"is tito.rarr tLIelLIns 'e ltlnlt-tls

IrreLrrolLI

J,rJjrrn.IarlrsIJUalndutrI.ZttIu,IoEotl!P,surlu]Iln'rrao;trr,.rrr-di',tlt1l .rrlrrrrf',uI+-taldturl-'rr lnruoLIIg

a'tds llt:lIPI'I
rso+ r+ r arrd tq'rtrrrf;r;r,.ir r: rtdua.rp r'r11lll rrrp ll'rrd prrnq
roagi-renapppuuupnrrrtrrsurtrtd-arrat,tt1l''tt'at"-.orin,i1lar-StrdtrLp--u--rr1o1.i1tr]r'StrtttriJuttrt:u.Ptro'._r.pr.rrrr--tirtldS'urt:a1ltrsldJa1J'o"9ltp,:rtulrlnrtr1-p-lrlrurtiurtnrdrl
-rls.tc,r.l.ius tlrttlrtorrt Ia-trl IP 'rxllduto: grurrd tlLLIuJ o J-Iu
It.nruo.l.qrrrl.1'trtrtr1dti.t\ttl1to3L1rurp'!ll,qllrtLzruStJJsI-IottJqlItn-)lPrrlnJlllslu:l lso+ r InolqEr
- IIsol '{sl.lsll
ilrrqlrnr.t-.1rod.t'.1{.'-ld.rrr'.t-\'.-rd.tlo1g,i'rraltr:sttousr.ra:dretu'lnttd'troluq.lluJrrzSa'-JrdllqIlTq'9rnt9ltr1porslrrdr,P'r
'(nrr g'g9xc'9;) uural ad nolqrl JItu un alsg
rS trriutas '.r(,lf 'll) i')ssPJ Irl llrlJE lPrrr''cl

-LUrlJ ap )qtutul utuyl5 JlsJ IJPoLLI rP Ior rrn lurtll_r1 u a-ttrd
Il I'J.lu.1 r-lJoO'Ct()l
'J.ilsu()u.rol.rirrrtStrLrnJ t'Jltl'nlrl\lrlJlrlr' r,lltltl'Pdl'Jlsr YlrlqnP.rP rJluLrlrrrll

ulrr J.lpf,rld rp r:trnd
p;aulrrulrrrrdl IaJllasiJufacuardaxlrJ:_duLtoIllsTeLIJ'PuI1AJ'qI'rnultorllrsnfl,ttru'el-l\SJJP't'trJdSr;Elrst.rrrrryd
i,a,a,rlrutrti1brlaq,ur"t'rrSn,igrut-IEr"l.a\I-tt-l1itJt It.-rtntLzatI:t'.tI.l-trtJu re-tr:ado arilrnl
r.,ir-t drut: rrt-:1t-rariaH

tc{a,rp
trrp,,,') a1't 31i1'ni,rsr1,) o'tull.)ll ld;| 1'..111 'rrt'.1 ttllttrd'!lllo/l
rq'r.rHr1i rur,.r ;,trt'ritL,,t r-I?ssoO rn1 r:trrrr.radxJ t.llP "IEIrlJ
'IetuuJ ll;U,+11 LII 'uttlr-t u'tt'1 JrttSt:ttlr t) xllE\J
r;rc.rrrlJl+td'osl.JtrtrrrrtirjLr,a.r[idtro''P,,LLIrirr,E)ilotn'fitur)rlili!d.ttl!t'.,t[,lItn)lt(l1t)t1lrqo.ltlqlI"t':)]t,'l1?ll1.I1ti:lr+1'lr.',r,LrtlIJt,rlrtutottl.lntttiolrtt-lttqulr.nrtd"uLr't:rrulrstr.J"ll
,.,,''il,'..pr'.i,.r"t'rrrr.'r.]r,'i'l.l,,.trl l.it'srogrruiliu,),).r:l-lJ)
')'lrr,r,urrr-r rdil iin'rrslrrlE E-Inttal I.+ -IE J,rtJt-IO 'zllltr,r lf.lgdgJ B
,... la.r I.r, rd rttr ..d ul 'tls uLttf.r Lirp trt,'tL I' iUttl.r{ t1 'r.r p,111N11 , ' ;ril
Ir gttriItrtt:'a:Sr,rad.trjdrlrrtailtn'ltsro,r,l.sqra.ur,lredtrrrttn.lld,e)nlt)slltsadt;lodi.lJrt:t-lrI.snl()ltllJl)ldI\f'rrr'Lll((I)Iti-'rId.lrt.''tlIrir.ln'llpd{roltLLoLllsPI-tElJlrndl-otltPPtt'tlLtLtIrrlI

rs

r
otrja-rd;atur 11 tod r,rnolqrt rlserv '(tg 'tt) rlrrlP nls In-Ios"Inr
-a-rd ztrl rseri ur etsa SurFtral,X :arirpr:-rt s1-1io:d ul J]IUlllp!"I
etSJruEP? rS-ar aturFc-t lS vl-tu c-tlrtt rol rllun JJc Jlsrrr
'-uro1.ll)1z[).lt,rr)lnsltol,trrgldr)rritrJ:rl,rr\tll'r11[1nroLI.U'.ll1I)]:l:l]^jlns;IpIIlrLt1Ll'lInlJlrIl-JlI.ulL-JJ',slll\uol.IiJPt'S.alsluUoJJI'I'1rr..llI'tirt.Ilrq'rqJtldllsr'l(JJtJ1dItL1ItIOtlrlu.')t1lrn-s1J lPrrol t'
'r'ur|.r/f-rllFrJ 1.rr'r611.1 Il1ll11 1l ?LLIJ-Ilxa tirttrasrtol aP IlI1] rqio,\ .TIL1 I'
')ls:['ll1[llll'il()s.1,]d,t1't1r'ds lll lt'nlls'11'tllt'.ltll It trtt'b't'rd tl()lqt'l
ulr II t: ...tt'tl ltttrt:1.l.t,.t.tt' J.tt'.. itl .,t.l.ll1lt'.\ l\ f lsl\,) 'lP(l ,)l

] lf(.

'L)clum fice:r patte clirr puncrcr in sccrri r inaginii de. altar,.a
tirr.rrrd dc o llllAgl
irrvilr-ri,l dczr ilui tlrrlt'rtrcr-r ,r prt'zctttill'll

nilor, iu concorclanqi cr-r funcq-ia lo.r,llturgici' .Este. scrllrll-
ficattv cir, spre sfirSitul secolului a1 XVI-lca 9i L-n.rr ales rn
r...-)t"t al'XVIt-lea, utilizarea rehgioasi a rrcelor i''e La devt'ne
irrexiste.tj+q. Tocmai i' aic'rsti epocir clocumetrtele
'i.r-,_,i,orc..tizi.;r dczvoltrrc.r nroriu.rr llri pcrd clci i r r prczcnt.rree u ncl
opcr(,cu cilrilLtcl.prir.rrli0. lrr urrclc l)te(llr eultl.lt'.tlt', r'llo.trea
sj rclisio,rsa e ste p;1stratlsi, iu altcle , cl dobindeqte o func.lic
;;ti;; :t;;rjtionjli. Perdeaua protejerrzi tabloul d^c praf ei
a. o t"r.li"i prea pute r.ici. F,i este.trasi
.r.rn'r.ri ci.d pro-

prie tanrl vrc:r si aratc sall si conte tt-tplr' llll.lglllca (11.

5-5,'6i,,1',,6u1i,r6,+.,,6.,7). a..,.a srrrse Ic rre pe rr.it, p.lc.l izt,l.t tlotri

i,.,

t'rltcSorii dt' r rpct'c e c cratl Pl'c\ izutc LLI oI.lPl tP'l't(-lcllJllu: lL'leP'Utz(l('^)tt-t
irrraqi rrilc ctl c'1I'ilcter liccrrti')s'
nati. si
p.i;r,;rf-"airl,.1r,..t'jcI,ara-crt,afr'tt,c,cc,it'reuirc-rriuloslsc.t.s,rleLr,izrtPiirisld's(uc)ptpecbeLrrari(.np\lrlelrrli''err' i,sirv(l.o'rizrlcrou.'siratliull'':etiii.ia.b.D'IrAecrrtrzt't.tVl,lcriizsl,rlrtc-..rrciin'lsttdresrtre'.ctxrtbpsieilioreiusr'ctil
.ifri,irfrl plrnirl scrrsul'irr c.rzul urror rrrbl,ruli rrt.li tttult s.ttt
A.,.,.rmr,1ri.o.rqrrit,orr,ltril"p,,.rliuciefcancnlii.trd.irncsc.CfrVrlarc.tnr.r,rte-srg6leia: ipooleineliunted'tni'r'udtuertiV't-lrccilzjz(riq'n'iLlurgetetze'esrd';lrtell

birbagi)sr. perdelci pictatc beneficiaza, 9i el, de o istorie in-

Motrvul
clclu ne.tr i. Trr,buit, irrsi bi rrc ntr rcrti d il erc nta i tr tIe pe-r,.leru.t
.t0a,b,'l,o-,uii.t'iPer.rimrr.urel"rc'ta[izc,llilrl r;bloLr,5i perdcler pc
are decit
Jorii-,t^ cle autode'or,rgie E'pclpieqr'ai'.'nzjpedLrtcltt.iarn'ccc'cerles-oarilialeces.irc'u-
.r ope'ci.

Lrooruliscresa'llpcroa'praJrrilqcierclreirgi :srlceco+ludl rql -X.,V..tl:l:-Jlcrr.er,a sircrului5a' Este

.roti\ lll I'e'dclei
;,;rt"-ibpi.':;o'lr.'a,,tef,i5iclctcimttatttcol:rriopnriovrit-orirvui.al1lil5tsl ,Pcot't1ctecrditritdtirtrcgreitodrcicil'cit
rllleVOic dlei cste vor[rr dc ttlt obtccl" 'lPxl'tll'lxlltt sPelltlltll
reprczentirii sau celui al expuncrii. )Jrerrrpl_ul ccl nut cele-
bit i" ace:rsti prtvinl:i est; .tcriio.lrea de Vc'rtrlt'er, de la
Dresdtr (catrc 1659)'
Pcutiu ca pe rdear'tr pit-t.rti si po.rt.r fi pcrccputi ca,-Ll11.ac--

lrr!ut,sor.iL,Lr c.o-r^rtie'.sntura.lt,icSr friln'ctbcLiriFc asmh iiil,i-i'irdret.'gRrc.tntirbirrtarnrtdtttt,t(lirle' t3rv6i).'

cAl,ortntrrt.reetcxlltieLcclatiilrect.,dAferc,ureonstr-rltllesptitout.elrirblclo1lteirlliinltitSsrc-ttlear$rt_ltaeiirprscrpt'trPtitrrrtlrtvLi5lrtlotcnr rl5ot'r'tl^lt)qlertlntlectrttdttelet

iluziorris,rrul r.,pr-czcrrt.rrii, tl.rr cl descoper'.i iriledirt in5c-
litoria. Solulia este simpli: el nu se alli itt la1a untti tablott
oarecare, ci in faga reprbzentdrii un,.i tablorr. Ace;rsti atrtrt-

80

I8

ElLu,l,rnaftrrt1rpJ"ar'-r1)rr,7ur"srJu'1tast-rr.r:aJ,1r,rpol3n.ut""ln'qn(auL^loz'rtrseiloroppuafrlnl.elrlrsl,pprdJurJJJoc-lru-tEErrLcUeoU{e-l?rJflJ,rS.\tre{apr'r.rp:t.raprlrrp.rntd_.x.dvrarr:sd:,tI-unaalrroodrrp.lJr)rrrqut.alrnpr.rrlrIurr.pd.rr,ur,1.ulprapsd^u.Err,LnalJ-lrzpturqtairrulpdtcetriJlprrl1;fd{r,l:
'riirrrJs ]riltd rl .rl ll)tru.lqtu,)H .rlt.rrl)r.l lso.{ I rnc,-rp.rad.rpLrrr
utut'Vr.i!r.l(lac)\1.zprl,plfpnLgrlurtl.t'Jr'1Lq:(r.rcrJ{tJlr Jlr)pluat,trruflisr.ItJu,ls1lnl!luhlll.lgtr,;l)aJysE)ltt,u.mJln,rBiJlrtrlu1s,-trJrtror,r,JtJlSi,lldr,rlEr.ltIr.1i!rr]loLrndqUttrrotsrsu,i(llli-rIInaolxs-opapdraJll-P,:rinplrotJd'3Jc,qsr3rrr:1rr'

. .lrrtrrtr Lts't\,l,\.J..tltrLorntJrL.t'1.rtrrrrrtlJ,l.t.r\-r.rfJJt,;td.dun.ptr:1tpdrroirts-ra.tItnJt\oJt Jrflpt)rpnJr+\

'U1O.rr'

r a:ds 'rnt:op-rad rst-rl Jlnqa-rl rJ rzrratselo-rd as tquasap: . ...

rnln'r EiE-+ Lrr rllatl'plrlrrJ-rrnqquJr,arl5JatpfaaLtlrr:rutpJttlu)t{lriglpl r,t-nur1rypllrnlssulrrrnn,ardllasslarc,JraI,nIrEro3lIqrrl J.li.Ip;f,plrtlrr,
'!.rod_.l tJ.ru rn'ptJ,r)r.r)gllsnn-llllty.rr,.(rullsds.'vrJlJn.rtrtIIt'ltn)rr.tro-1rs1r,'rqJlpp.rtscilr,rror,\tdo,tts.^rlqt 'lJ5-sl\
'el*-,l-fs,'rrPrtl8lu,rrJruJruEl-psrrdu0Jlfzlgrr-aSSIpIe1sAlclrr'1rXr"1nn'a.7Ir1E,uTp,rr18I1la1e-r4S-iuror)lurJarrJr'-pts1rr'l.I:LlndrrirlsnrfE:^ruotrlr.rrnor.rJfurvuursrouqflLlJrilarr.p-cJlrrlrU:Errrrt:lq:rrrlrn.JalJtup:u.llTfsl,;lUr.rt.ao1frl+u,srLrJuorrlJs,urcanJ)-trJrlrrSllrat(urt!,..srtrraaJtsrr1t-rerJr'iirp,srrr
'tLI.) S'89 \ c'Lt-
'utLIJl '9frl

',t t t ut 1.. 7 t: 1 tt t., 1,
1

'lPrlri(ltu.)U {1.

r:l::]ialll*i:llulii;lt;lt1i$
r,t:r:rillll.rrailarratla:u:til:illl

(r':ur:1/pcrclcl). F-.rptul c:r itccstc ,,qiriIlnrcic" trinrit li1 Ll1] c()1r
text nrri larg (colc'ctic, rntcri,'r trrln.lt crr rrtbiouri ...), e stc clc

1e sinc intclcs, clal prilitor-r-rlr-ri ii r-cvinc r..rlr-rl c1e'a-l rcc()1r-

strui l.nentrrl.

in anii 5C, inr.cnti;r lr,ri Rcn-rbr,urclt cr.rccregte clcfinitiv rrrtrr

profani. Printre eler-ii s:ii, se vor nnn.rir';r Gelrit Dor-r si

Nicolrrrrs M;rcs c.,trc r.or ,rclr.tcc vrrri:rtiunilc cele r.nri intcrc

sarlte . Ll Mrres, jocul clintrc repi'ezcntarc gi conqtiintrl cle
stuc itr rcprczent.u'e atinge gr.rdLtl nrarinr. Aq;r-nr.rnritrr 1-s-

coaJ,iss ril. .iZ1 .rr',rr.r in cc nr,d nr()ri\ Lil 1'rir irii plirr rrs.r.

anilljzilt in p,rginilc iurte f iL)are , sc colrbill:-.r cu ccl al pr-ivirii
prri n ramrt t;rbloLr ir-ri.

Printr-o cornig:"r pictati, rrr-incl de.tsul',r,r o tiji c1e pcrcle,r,

sc r.ecle inte riorul r-rnei bucit:irii, c.rlc se clc.schicle , irr r-inclr-rl
sitt, c:itrc r,rn:rl rloilca intcrior uncle, plintr-o u5ii, se p();ltc

intr-er-cdcrr o sceni (plobabil o ,rltcrc,rtie)5'1, :rscuns:'r partial

de pcr'.l.;rr,rr rlirr 1',rinrul plrrn. Accrrsti perdea care, prin
l1'ot)tf('-l'r,r il-rr1 s.iLt .1.'ct'rtlLr.lt. .rp,u'tint' s|.11i111'.'1 Irlir it,i'tr-

iui, ,.rscr,rnrlc, ir.r rrcclirsi tinrp, zon,r dre,rpti :r t:rblouhri,

impicclicincl ,rccesul nostrlr l:r intrigi. Lrt,c trrblou gi prir.i-

tor sc st.rbrlestc o intensi conrlrnicrlre, cLl i,rtit m:ri intcnsi ctr
cit e .r cste , in rc;rlit;rtc,. intrerr"tpti. Prin gestr.rrile, .rtitr-rdinc,l

sl prrvlrrci-l srr, pcrsonajul din priniul pl,rn - ,,iscorrc1,r" - irrr-

plici, zrtr-aee. Llrr rr,c ircceilgi functie ca 9r slujnica clin t,rbloul
Iui Maes cle la Londra (i1. 25), nentionat nrai sns. Dirr in

timp cc in acest clin r-rrm;i c;rz, interkrcutor-ul se :rfl.r in

prrrrul ;r1an, i;rr rrgir-nun.ritr-tl doorkijkjc llLr cr;r clec,it r-rn ac-

cidcnt rrp.lrent60, ,,isco,rcla" este aici o internrccli:rri cleclar;rti
intre ccl care privc$tc 5i cc-ca cc sc pctrcet- clincolo clc tr;ii clin
fundal. Ett iltragc aten!ie rtsLrprr rccsttri al cloilca nir-c1 al

reprczentrlri. Funclia s11 este foartc irpropiat;i cle cclc :r1e

r-rltor- fisur-i irscnlinitoare din pictur,r secolului al XVII-Lca,

de pildi, bitrin,r din tabloul lui Vclizqucz Christos acasi la

Marta ;i Marit (il. 2).
La fel ca b;itrin:r, lui Veliizquez, slujnic,r lr-ri Macs este o

n-rogtenitoare, 1a liurita extreni rr ,,conrelrtrltorului" lui A1-
berti pi joaci rolul rctoric dc introdr-rcere l,r discursul inr,rg-

itrirr. llir nc lltraqc aten!ia irsupra celor cc se petr"ec in pl:rnr.rl

cloi; ca nc inc{reapti privirca intr-aco1o. Planul secund cste la

Velizquez r-rn ,,cvasitablor-r". L;r M;re s, cl e stc o puri

,, ad,inci tu ri ", pli mu l plar"r, adicri rcprezentareir in totalit:rtcrr
sl, fiind cel crrc, cu ajutorul ramei pictate Er al perclclci, se
clezviluie ca ,,tablou". Acest tablou este o puri punere in
sceni ir procesr-rlui c'le cornnnicare picturali6 l.

Figura ,,comentatorului" rrlbcrtian a cucerit de acr-rnr
inainte centrul reprezclltirii. Ei era dejrr prczent - aga clrrlr

82

-,),,'1"\ o'l

EUlldS ETT PS TAAI? Je rrnlJ rE rr)'J-1r'lpo.rd 1-r.rr.r ad rrrr.ratnd
Irltra+J rrr-rd rre eP IIqIlSIZO.lt IStr.IlE u.talu t] s IS : Ju -11 PUrrznt-t dlns
(ia1st: urorrz trs ur) ?Lut?arlf err a.rEJ tral atse u,lntJrd Elr-r!.\JPV"

:Pt.rE rl rr.rntrid r elurirrasa EJTtsr-ralrr.rEl Prrrr+ u-1 Lr-rJfrs i',\-r rl 1f
ri\r llPrll)|n,
1-l1ro'sl alrirr\6'JSarprJ,truarHeoJgrtsarlJrrpaJirJialr-''rea-drxnad aepruotpst:uoJr.r(rrdrrlrJrrnr'ur rJsll!tgrdrrJ
'rr,rrtuaza,rda-r E alrrs ap rtirnsuor rS 't-tllLto I

tartlriaza;da-r tr^r-rlodoap troI ur JUnd rJ ]r'-r nr plsJJrLrrLLr rrrLrr 'rtr] l'Tl \ l'.:
'trtll.rl'j99 I r.ll'!.
tgllr lll elsJ !-rntlrlJts !lsralv'PS llJtrtrletol rrr r;ado 1'rn{ircls
',.v11,t))il"
as a-rEl ad ',,1adr: ap rJnlf,n-ts" alrruelnd rJu1l rrlrJllr.r.rl llms
(aprrnrsr: a-ir::) rnuap-rad rS (a8u,riu a,rr:r) rrrri(n1s 'dura\ Srrr:3 's.rpl \ lfltr-rt t;
-+loA lr'-rlsuoLlrap u urnl rSy ',,m1n,r()trrrr-rd" r:nrzod rrr '1ltr:_1

poru rrr'eErrrdsa.r 11 rS nolqtrr ur ,,JLw),Jy" !ur.\)p BS arrzratlrr

srrnJd-rsrr-rr;!L.rrurrt-rr/nrr:J)f.r,),duttlunauprotardnqaaJptplrtqfrt!rs.\atrulur eJSt-1J1lspJurIrno1Jo(tlra;rur;rdg
]'tnio,1rtru:rJpJr"1,1 :sd1:n-rr1og,',rlanl.arpotlaxdlrrlnJr\.nror{o.r.r)"r'rsrJrfrlldfrlr':tr3x3,1r:1IdrSrrlnr,llrrtolrq-:r.r:rl]
tlr-nSrr-u':(rlrrtttur,ltd'1t,nIlrrItrl)rrtnpru:srJslJSlaillltr,sorrtJrr-r8V,rr'l-EuIr1rr:1pagl rJja'r1I-tarr-tr:r'Jd1dlrrr)rnulzqrlaan'tnPrESba+z'P,,rr-lrmaa-rl1roaaluurrtrlJrnlr(usJrrnr:Lt,Jrlrndloon-rslq^'rrl1l:Iltroz:1tt1srpr^-1\ourdrrt:ur1rr:dr"1



soluI-r3 -II-IIH]O

snop e eal,Jed



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Ir rrl[rrrJ-zr]f Lln rt Jn.l]r]s.Ltr)-r Js r'{'lrr--rJtls Ti-uol l1l drl Lilt Jp
Jl5^J JUf OII Jlltunur JIIlld\i u n.rlrr,rd r)-lrllt).\ZJP I rJT-IIAX
Irr InlolJS r-rr:r rd J.Tr-nsLrr Jll rriro1Jl\ .TuLur purr,rnr ruJ.\.tf)
lr-\ rr:rrlp -ilrr1:r '1rr-rnllrc{tl;lur ,rncl s.rluralt Lm - eies rlrrrri^rro

'tl - l-rJP JlsJ itrl Lr:I ).r1\tll,rl-r,r r-r (,r-r11r11.11: ltl-lls rr[t;]rtl gi
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s,rJrutl) trJliJrrrtst ilt_ul-i lt ttrdr-rrrr,rc'i Jp ; J-Illrr ,llr,tllo!lSl;Itx1Jt
rrrtflrirqrsOcl

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r-rr'rS Linil-r:l Inllllt ap, plliial :^uf.ns JritLln.+ o lil JSnsJ.\ut
1'rrt,rrrcirlsirtrc-frtttlr-rurzrr:r-c.zi,truudrJ|u:ut!^rrltLrlpJsc^lurtorrlnlrlJr.rrlrl:rri-rurrnIl1l{1irgI.J)1r r!ol[s)r-xlrJr(Jrry{

' ttJ r-l:lttr LU J s^ r s L\rlrrl rnrt ep-r lrj
'r.tttor-1 r]rlrLr-l JrlrJ,rFrir lrrns J-mr rrr rnlnrol glrrotrp ,,,tpiru.rc1

-urau ul-r' Jlsa r:l'qrui :llr-]LU tuLU'rs",,no1c1u:i rrn,. llsa ;rTtzrz

- '- Ol tI!-pr-zrL:trErt1(trLala.rlpt-l1Sfc!ltt;url\rr-rlurr,r-rrol;\:tarr.pftPlprLreurtsrJsrorlriqrlriaI1Lrzp-rrrorLoradrl,-Lr6xseiJlrJc,rs,lJi^1-rrlprt->rllol^ljsrr{^rloL/rr1srrrx5.!.J'l^1-1rcrrlrll)rrJo(lfL)1rfprarulrrsr1rtlsr-zrpr'rar3rtn-rlrrrlc:lnua{ocJrall-rqrS:fp,r,,it,lr--d-Illrl/no-(l.1Ztlrlugsrtrrt.r,rdl-tl..r.)lli
zJlrbz!'lr1 Lrn u1 '(1 '1r) uasr-i;ry un rl -,,t,mlflllpc,. o--urri
1'tlsrrld'lrltqiq rtto ts7 I I',,norr" rS,,iqr.t,r,. artLrrp rrirzoclci
JLI rlLtr-r(rl ltrJtrr.rltrl rrlJaltrp lxJluClt un--rltrr fOI ll-1,\r I

r'erilueturpoariur;r-lt',qrltlplJl,prlrrr^r,len:rrurrJaUp.r'or,lrl'rpcsr,rrr-rrnll\r[lr..JlsJ-rr]ror13tu,1rr,lErir-,r-n,"trr]rdur:rlt.rtpnrr

'r-1rnniu(lrtrrsJprp;al6l{l4-l'op'-tt+r,rrJ.rr:"olrsarJupfr,-rrr-ror1du1all-rrLc'tll---1rolr,1ro1rurzn!e_tl\trr-trrrrn-Vrlrrrrlrc.rrl r-er.r{1orro-rr-LnrJrrrloaLElrtrll,leaJpirpr3ril1lJn;UrlprJlolssr
Lr1l lllsto-lJlr-tl tS-rs lrJ-rJfur u ,,Ett-tJpollr" rarrr8rurr alrr rrr:d
aprJ Jmlu\zJp rrrlr guud atrzrprru J,rrlqnpJp Jp alasJrold

JJrrJls€Jrrr'JJeJJsrrr'JJelqnpJ(J'I

(tcltoa autSptttt o 7/) Llo'u lto/qai t*t asu.f as utttt naq)

IttqLUESE a-rdsag 'AI

\ ir. ;rrcil crrz ilp.ir-l^l r'st(' (1ilt()l'.rl Lr nui nlr)lrt.ri cle, tir rt'.rlizrrt
1)t iil 1r'irlti1)intctt'. In l.,t:llllt'ct'ulnt,.'.tzli. \'()nr (]r'nuttl ,r,'t'si

lll()ll1.1l IIL'ell\- I)l( tlSii tii (''.

Irrrr.qrtt.',t itierrstr.rti nLr :('.rll,r, i.rt.i tl.'ri.r.r;r.r.,r irrr.r.

tr,rirt.i, irrlr-irrr r'.11)r)r r ,.1r1i c'.eii1rs.1,',r'r'..1'1rti,L1.raS, ir.i;5r,iriLr'lLl rinrrr.s..rr.sirtrrtr,rniripnl.irr
( | |njrc\tc ir s,ir-LLrl :iLr irr
iir c.'lcl.r1i.' r irr.i.rntr'
rrr..i\LlJrt.r irr.rq;nii,.,r-, riLrLtl
,,r'ePrczirlt.1",r.i]t.1 rnr.rqLir-.',

trr,tti rt',r1if.ttc.t s.r 1rzr.l. lrt

sp.rtii -r.lt,rri lr-rnri - \r-irrt nrL,nl.tir ilI.r..L r cr.tl.r1i.r. lnr,rgirrc,r
incestr,rti ('sla 1)r-('7riri.rt, irt L,tri r,.ri r:,trnbl.rrii,.rr L:,;r :t,rt..r
s.t i'izicri. l'..r nu cste nurrr,r. : ':,:,..i',', , .i ri ,tri,.,, I r.tlrlti,'inr,i
s.i ne i.'r'inr :.r sinr1t1ilri.,trr i:r nrLrrl ,rl-,lr,zir .1.rt, li Ir.,,Lrlllrci:
irt ittt,rgtrt.',r ..ii1t'lt ttri .. lt..I\lr't,1/,1 l:L i,lrir'L t Lr.lrt's,l'.'. ii

.llt trlrit'rt rll'l r'stt', 1,r rirt.lLr I s.ru. ir rtt.t;i:r.'.

Irrc.tstr-,Lt'.'.t.'rr-|Lr ii',r lr .lcririrl -.i inlr,, ,rlt,i rr.rlrir'r-.i.
()ric.' irl.rgi nc :piLirr.t,rl t'ili..,,trr,r,1,.ci.rr.,n. .rrr",','..'.S.rtt-'. ilril' ,.rn 1il, ..nri,n
t.tli" in c,rtlr.trl
,1ilir-.'Lrt.i t stt' c.i 'irL

itt..r.l rllc,t CLl1'r'lll,I, tl()ltLLil-,1 t'tlr' Ltn r,ltir'ct, in r r-t'ltc ct' in

irre.r:tr.rri.,,nrrr1ilLn,r" erte t.', ins.isr,, iLl ,rrlinr'. In iirlcr'

sce riu L'.r irr.rgirii ..r L,l.rie.t au i)irjectLil cr inrrrqinr' \'L)1-trcbLri

ai-tirt,rtc rttotir.ir.i]c' iric.r,str irii. \rrrlL r.rl-t'rt. tle inr,llirrc si vr

Itl.11-t'.1 tlc ,rL,icit \L1llt (lc()p()tl-lt,i pr-e zerltc rrici: itlerrstr,trc,'.1

csLc Lrrr icrrr.,nrt'rr ('\1l'cnr .ri eulttr1ui irrr.rqini1,,r..

\u r':r ist,1 un r'rc'nr1,1u nrrri lriril in rcr'rrsti prir inti t1r'cit

ist..,r.isir.c,r grccrrr]irzz.crtiesri''irtrr-Lrc' *lt(irir0-0tlL, rsi i e elci rn,ri . clr'ble rs:rrrrirlrir.i
,1c irrrrrgini i.rnrllle opcl'q'1,' l'.ri ll.Lrlrcrrs
rr('rttlil (.liiir's;r Ntt,rr 'r ,lin Ii,,nr,rr.

direln r"c(':rlcitr;rntl"r: :rr,:rt;rrurile :rsl rirrnlitri,\tttiontt,r
dtlh ",'t/litella

Llisr'r'ir.r ..5,rirt,r \lerie in \ .iiiie .lii r (,r't'g,rri,r )r1;111r'rrr" .r

,1.'t't'rtit rrr l:,:5 p1.()1)rirt;rte.r or',1irru]Lii L)r,.ti,r'icnii{)1,l!r;r(1.1i

.1c Slirrtr.r I i-r]ilrpo itlcrr. I ,t \,1 i'Llii().l51. itr;rro,l stlrrtsj', rl,rr
ltllt]tc rr',ult('1i,i j:iIi Pl-i)lLln,:ir':, Li,ii.. Lr \ L)r. lr'.tlt\1',,tttt,t itt ,.'1.'
rliri urnri in ,r.lrii1l,1 ,,(,]ii.r,r \u,,i.r ,\ir-rrrir i,rntl |.rp.1
(rrr.,ri'.'' ,ti \ .1 iLLrrl,li lrlrLir.,t
lli ].'.i '. )r',tt'-rrii'rtil,,t.. r',i
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irt,rrl,t Ltttr'l r'.tsrt it'tr i. \1.rt],,1t,'r l.'tl'i,i.,,1.'1 1.1,,i t'iLtrtti 11l |t'
-\r irl,r it. I',rtr.ir it
itt,tLr' (i,r ( ,,,,r ,il ,ii I
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si'r.ir,t S.rnt-.r \1.r|i,r r S,rn ('r-.r.r)l ti ). i,r tt,.l , .r ii-st irtsl,t],tt,r irt
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ss

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t,*trI-rls1i1tfnt]ltr,fftH:,r,ouj-notrtrrrj?rptto-urr.pifoulcusx:-r)tJtrup,rrrlftolrarIrJrnrl?nlrtulJraLcrqrrl,+Lrr'-lrJ:Srsrl.atrrnr"1prrgLr-rlrortJro.rrrrrltniuJrrrarrrptrlr]HLprrJL,r,lJln!intlrxlrNlt,oa.rttlrrrf.Lpf'r,c,,ljluJrrrr,tpip-rrrrH8(t)neeu]orror)lruiurlJ,proroicJfr.roizpJu,ua,rruzs.laJrr-nrieuLJdll)raln!(trso!sod^urlrorrrnl.rtua)ucm]plpastrlD_tr1re.rrJt:rl)rirr.frrp\:t,+.;l
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'llrruou\'\

lolr-1ctorprtrrlrqrLrrar-rutrslroo+'JUsrr1rproliplrlulnrrri-aJr^n-,urr1arllsr_rrIHLAuirXulSrrJIBJ,rirrnorptJlanIr.l\roIrralrrrspttr;rrl:ltlr.tdtrlrrlautT_r:r-cnrrrull
-.(t!ns/;l-ErIASJtPut)/r/ra-zIptOsoILI-uriuoeulEIo'pIpOlatlltst-rt'JOU.(ogupfLrtrgrWct lqrrrtrLepr]scronEllunurirr^:ra1pup-piopr,:rrps.r,-J,rr.po1jrr-rr.,rr1c.{E1ns.,\)ir'Lsri)irli.lra,rg)r

(carc vorbe,r dcspre ,,triu1sportlrl" inrrreinii citrc ait:rr) gi
contr:rctLll din .septcmbric r-ru sr-rut decit prinrrr verigi din

l,rntr-rl neir-ttrerllpt irl contrrrdictiilor sinril.u'e cc \'(rr insoti
po\-esterl colaboririi lui Rubens cu Or;rtoricnii.

LJn nou doctrnrent sun'inc pe ntrll .1 Producc 5i nrrri multi
confuzic. in iunre l6Ol, pictorul ii scric secretamlr-ri clucclr,ri

Vincenzo dc Gonz,rgr (pi'.rrcctr'u'ul 5r prrtronLrl siu) cri
tablor-rl c1e:rlt,rr er,r t{ej.r q:rt.r, tl,rl ci nu p-rr-rtca fi instalat 5i
dezi'alr"rit ptrblicului inrrinterr itrnii scptentbrie, pcntrr,r c.:r

doar atunci se putc;r tr;lnsportrr ir-naginc;r M:rdonci clc la V,rl-

licclla spre a fi rrgezr-rti in prrrte;l sr-rperio,u,i rr t:rblor-rlr:i8.

Te rnri nolo gi rr folosit,'r in rrccrrsti scri so.t rc cs tc scnrni fic.r-

tir-i. Trrbloul clc altar cste rlcseurrlrrt prin te rnre nnl ,,quaclro" ,

i.rr M.r.lort,t .l..' l.r \ .rlli'.'ll.r prin e.l .1.' ,,..,,, r'.r irirri,iqrlic". Sr'

inlelegc cit. ,,sacra intntagirre" si acci ,,q/4ah'o" tr.cbr.ri.rr.r s.i

i.tle .ttr.ri.rse trrr .trrs.rnrbltr (,,ttutt putt 11,lr,ti 5q,pl'irt l'trtta
scttza I'altrr,"). Fstc \ ot-[.q rlt' rttt't'rt>i tt't'r)titttrltrqir' (,1 ,le ee,l
utilizati in decrctul Oratorienilor clin iLrgrrst It,06, untlc

difcre nt,r cle statr.tt clir-rtrc intntdsit'tc qi rlua Jr,., .1fr.rrc,t iir nr,.r.1
.l.rr': .i t1'(lsf urti l'lnuttagittt ,lclla llarlontta all'AlL.t .14,t':-
siorc, ct si iccctti /'olfr,'il Jcl l'ittorc cl,r'-,,ttol I'arc i/ qrndii,.
Accrrsti terminoiogie rcflccti cliscrinrir-rrrr-cr prrccisi intrc
lrictrt lr ,,trrodr'r'tt.i" \(ltt(1Llro) si irtr.rqirt..'.1 vtr'llt' . Lr ittsttsit'i
nr i r :t. Ltlt,tsr' (i n t t, t I.qi 1 1 11 1.

ln pcrioadrr sosirii lr.ri 1{r-rbcns l,r Chics.r NLror':r, sc clrno$tcil

clcj,r o soh-rqic posibili, l.r e.rre f.rec l-r't'b.r['il rrlr.rzic clecrctr-rl clin
,lIrgust. I:stc vt'r'Ll,t d.' .,t.tl,l,,irl -t,tbt'r'rt.t.r,l", t.trr'sc lrtt, ttr'.1 rlt

c.rlcr..r tlect'nii .'le o ,rnnmiti ;ropr.rlaritrtclr. ,,Trrbkrul-t:rbern,r-
co1" rczultir tlin inc,rsrr'.rrc.r Lrn,-i ini.rqirri vcchi intr-lllr n()rl

'tnf,,tltbtitrlitrl,,tL.l.irrl.r,tAll.l,,.,ir\rr','Li.rt'inr.lr(r''q5.ir.l1'',trtl'i.S.r'll'|trteli';t.rrr'trt.ltt,tl'irir't:lr..it1rtr.r,t.tL,rqritilrl.rIt.i.lI)rr.'I^lr.tt/'rr,'n,lt,1,l.ttIrtrtl''.r.rt'tltSt\ll,\irtrtt.ttl1(r.,l.rrt','
.ltt1t.1.r",t:t :lit'l-'. llt(\rrt.LjLrl..l.
cirlcrr.inr,r;i,rrrgi icnli.tr,lcl,"{'ri,rtr,.'rlr1,.l1t-,,r.1r'1i1t11(1t-l,q.
c()1rs;rcf i:rtii. l'.r':r vor'[ra dc obiccr

,,icorruc" bcncliciincl ..lc uu rnunrit prcsrigiu), tiPtlrrlsrr;rrtlcr'liitn,rt,r., r-rn
ltt.rlrlrr, .rtlir i^irrtr un t,rl,],rrr rlt' .rli,rr' . rr lrrnt rl.i

ci.rli (i1. 39). Lr rcc:rsti trrrnsl)r-lucre , trrbltrLrl-c.rr.L Lr e rr .r,u
ccpLrt inte gl-ai in rrrport cn inr,rqinc,r incrrstrrrti. 1.1 se t)rgrniz-.1
in jr-rru1 rcestcirr, o ,,invilui;t", o prczent.r pr-rblicr-rlui itrtr-r,rn

L( )rtL('\L,-1.' ..'1.'ltt .tt-.'.

Din princt clc veclcrc tcnr:rtic, inr,rqinc.r inc.istr-rrtl-r c()nsti-
Ittit'ttttt]t'tt 1 ..,,111lr,tzit.ici irr lot.1li,.",'., r.t. Irtt.tqirt.,t itt..ts-

cqtro.i1nnentr:.;1rrsiucasntcet'riLcnlcltrrlicrnnctoeiboringericcl,td,Lrirr.lrricro.irnn.rstsr.t,err^crrrealct1c1sctincncrs-'lrtrcc.l.erorv.re5nlrirtc:crt-ro.c1ctl[l,ji-cnr;ciPlit.rr,i5r''".i,r-tcr '
putt('rt'. l'.r,,expunc" publitrrltri,, ittr.tsirl(' e.tl(', l)l-irl

yechir"nea ci, pr-in car,rctclul sau niilrcr-rl()s s:rLl cloar prin re-

on

l6

'(lrlso 11tr:^,,/IS ,lIlod El 'ltloqutts^ pout

rrr 'r,r<rJlrr-I '-rrrrll nus 't.tot.to7ctp .uo inJ cLrr-ro-J qus rrlroprtr\
tP l?luJZJ.Id)
-urrlltlr-roltrlr ,l,J5J^loslVst-'t,L,rInf ,lrlllrs'1lrti-rLtrcclin-trrlr" r,s,"rlmrld-txlur"itr-Lror'lri-rlrlrr.illisrJrrirl

rzflziiirJ,l;)s f,-rft'sotsi,l,t-, in1 r;,rrrrr1rc1'-1 rrJrllr.rl\^J !.ri1!FJI
rp 1ntclr..,,-rtr') 'llrrlruJT-I .roTJtrlrJS rrJ,rLlu:z..r.rdr,r 1i1 ;1jrr1.r.r
tIi ijl-irJ JlitJ,,li)t'!r'.t.lJrlrrl-lltolqrr1""rLtlrr.,rt:llI t'Lrr)z iri t-irltltq

'J.\.rrlJ,r rtlllt ln"lf,ltl,T1rt lrl-1urr(l(rP rr'clrrirl ur t.li,rrlrrJ'L,s L:riL.lr..,-{

s:-.;".:''' .iJ. Iiul'rns,
\illiu fL'nttl
.. \Ltrlt,tt,r Jnt
i,r11rtlL '. I60(,,

e r,'t,i ;i hr iu.
x -li,5
j 1,5 cn.r,

\1,rrrtpc1iier,

\1ir:cc Ir.tlrrr.

Problbil ci r) scc11L)grrrfic :rscnrrinrilo;1rc, il\.ind in ccntrul
s:iu Mirckrnrr nrilircr-tlorrsi clc lrr \/allicella, ar fi trcbuit si o r.c-
a,Itzcze l{nbcns conforin clccretr-rlui clin :ruqr-rst 1(rC6. Dar
tabloul, c:u'c ilr fi fost ,,i1pro;tpc g;rt.t" itr iunic 1(rOZ, rlt-l ixsi
si sc vrrdi nici o nrmii de inc:rstrrtre. Solutia alerrsi't rrici dc

Rubens pare a fi un conrprolris intre dou:i cttrentc c1r'

92

e6

'st.rv-xllrag s.rP

rislll/1{'alqorlaii)

'nr.) 3sr x llf

'vzrrrcl atl rrln
'la9I 'rllrr4lvA

utP rJuoPvla:

L1)lutL)ulP Sn)|rq.)v

ri sr,r.rry ':rtut:tdt 11
(j, i
il tu t1 J\. . [l I j.t Luo
I
',ttt3r.L, ttiut.l\'
{sur(lnU !|

e-Illrr ar,rl+-ip'uLrlrgot;lrrulr;Asutrr.Jrl-r(liunlllta,rUotrE^Ol,-rrrd^r-rIncJritc!lJcslL^ ru).rrp(lutorlqrBsll lr.llt.ltW
'lnirrrl urp JSOt

adlo-rc]l qldraJp ES uJIuPrSurJolrl,llJ^lllrrJd.rr'zlutrtx'EJSuror ln(JfrJ-crrln(riJttruJolrfr:orLrlirrs
a-Tl!: Jlrrf,rPLI llrns

,J\.rrlrrc-rl uJl-rrltlrx/{JtlrJrfo, JJ,rlolnE-r-,rrtgrrrInltwuriru}Set'unruUaSlsaqsr'!sprua?ll"rrdrrrltHu,orrdllra-r,lfrlrot:rl
-uorur o tiiLld atsrir a-rre acl r:,rricrl girr:rd e1i pirLr-ro: tr,,nrj
atscsgS ;sl rq ',,arir8enrr" Er rJrE ptrllrazeJd'a-r aise rrropr:i7g
',,a-ruJtslrJ[rr-opnesd o('rLUnLrJp Ee]11d -rE-s ef tJel ap
1tr.qL.I(lrJ.\r.Jlfls.qfc-1'-IrIrJllrBu'J(PsrIrn[roolq,r?rrgLrrrnral lsBa,nr]JJrl-er1lf,osrptPErS1t-trLerul1td]lsl,Ltorll--rl
JttS JS - a.tr-r nolqrt i1-lfrrlr rrr EJ) r-rou ul ra.r?otrJj r rrir-rrdu
r:rinlos r]nl r?zrJrlr,rn r-tu 'J,t ( l
rJ[dLLrrs 'irrrc{rlrd a,rlgl ap ptuZt-r;ar
'tLI.l !
rJ u.\ a-rrrl lS'(lt'1r) srraqny Jp plBUr8rrur !trrrr-m,\ ?rur-rd 'n!1

'r,\ol1N rsarLIJ 11 rnln-rotrrd u ptrrrzc-rcl '9091
LttI
ep rurr rop ,rolJf lnclurrlsu-r Lrr ,\npu,ratlr porLr ru lurrruropa-rd
liqrqo,rd J-nrl'atnrar.rotu,r() a-rtrri,rcl atuJSra^rp t.rrprrrii
nl

irr ir iiorlrl inr,rgin,tr, cle z-r ilr-rirr,.lit s(', .ls.tLlill', c.l illsic iiltcl
rrtctli,tIr irtiIc cr.ctlinriosi si ia();1rl.1 lr.

(,ct',r. cc lt-;r1)gx7;1, llt .trL.r\1.r. tllt,lrir.iri.rtirtr,.lr,t.-i.,t.r1rt.irr,'te.r*l.irrPt,ip.il 1,1
L\l( lL []( /(rtt.ti,t. irt :t,
\l.rtl,'rr,t ..t

ill).1r-i!ic. Ae c:rstrl e ol-nisi itt c,rt c e .t se gise stc t'slc tlcopotr.il'.i

r-rul.i tlc inr,rqinc sr rtre rtlr,rtttctrL llc ic'rt'rtstt-i. PcilLt-tl ll c()lll

;-,1ic.r lLrcr.r-rri1c, s,rr-t nrrri tlcgr.rlti pclttl'Il .r 1t'1:isrr irr :irtrbiqui-

l.rlt.r l,,r L-LIrli.r].,, Lr11 l';::!,' tlll't.'ti.'.tz.l 1r', It1,1 1 111", ,'i

.unl r.1 nLr.1r ilrcrdr11 in rc.rlit,rtr rrir,ti., \stle1, lotltl p.trt'si
t, rnLlilrrric ].r ,r frlrzcnt.l rrtittrrlirre r lrri Crtgt,t.c t.rti r.1c
\l.trl,,rr.i r.t p1 .7.f, ; tit iii,i ,ttitr.rtlille r rl.eclitl.:itrsLil'.ri irr l.ttr
irrr,rgiirir. ,t ,1.'.:1.'.'r (5i .r .rtloi.r), /,i.ri; s,tit ,ii;tr',,!,, tlc irtt,t{irr.',

pr otrrLipr.rl i ;.
l.sLe qr.c'u dt'crcz-t-tt ci itt.tcc,rst.r ptiilri vr'Lt.i.itl1i, lt','s.,.1
rRli'n.tl,cc.rrrpseclil,itrtr'rr1r6rtCi 7lilr1r't,1r111\1.1tji\tcr'.t
lrri r.c,l ..lilect. Sclis,,.rlc.t lLri

Lrrt\tlPLl rri itccst lLllrL1' ti.ll'

t.rb],,rrl il .'r.:lr.rrl.'. S-,r irrc.'rert gitsir.c.t tttrti trtt-tit,,t's,.,ir-rtir l.t
c..1trrrt('c1),l.1)r'csclls.cic'.Pitt.tr'.rsr..,'l,bi.1t uc,rtil-rni,tr:;ilt)t,t.'sti',1\lt\irle-pLl trtl5ll(lcl.lizl.rIr'rrIiirItlicrr.tirlst,r',-rttlptrtl'.tl.r-rlcrtrclrrt.trll"i.t,lrtlsrrl.irtl-'trlrrif,t.l\ritSc.slrj'il
o solr.itrt'1rL1 cslc insi pc dcplin rccept.rbi1,1, si sc stie ei 1r'c:

cir ir rrlllrrrs itt situ pini irr llirt.t itt,tr-tic l(rJS. I)ritllLll t,rb1..,r-r .r1
Iui l{r-rbens.r f,,st rellrz.rt tle ()rrtttrieiri si t'ltt,t fost, ni.i cl,
nicitrrirtti instrriat 1-'c alt,rr. l:stc ctrritls, tlrr rtu rll.ri pr-itir-i
scllrnificrlti\-, ci clr-rpi rcill7., Rtrbctrs rt iltceL.:1t il.ll'.1 sLltcL\)
sri plrrsczc irccst c()inpler trrblor-r tlc ,rltar- itttr -o ctllccric p-'ri-
r':rt.i, er itit.ttl, irt tirrtl.'ul trrt,ttir-c11,;, oricc re ie rirt' l,r pro-

blcrnclc' iconLrgrrrficc L':1l'e tlctcrrttirt.rse rii lefltztrl: t,lblt,rtl, t,r

spr.ine el, s.t 11..ri-,-'ciit nccrp..,z,tbil irt (-]tics,t Nltc,i-,r clitr

c,nrz;t c,rul.liriilor inrprr.rplii tlc cclcI'ri |5.
l).rr rrr li preir sirrrplLr s.i r'rerlcllt c.r ret,.tz,.rl ()r'rrtLlrierlilor.
clc ,r ir.rst,rl,r i,rlrlr..lul lr.ri [ltLl.crtt 1.,.' .tllrr. tlLt \-i1 ti ;lvtll (lc.it
nrotiviri ric or-clrrt f,,rttrll. lirll'()1llLls 1llo.lrc la sfilsrtLrl lLti
litsirn,lcr,irnri,hntrtsiir3ncilnCrribll.(i,rrrAr0.nric7tiuilct,,lsorst'pltiielfiairliipi'e'c1-rt(tourieCbltsS,,[trirc,rbilltildti;'lrureticcnelctiicll,t,lc.cr''i[rilt,c,i'prr-tcjtrgtcrdcc.hc',briprr.rrI'-,lrir1icinb,c-t'r''(r''c,r)ilzclrirLlioblilllnltitil'(rl;'trpsiclltjirccr-tlr-rcgt,iicttrinlrrliter"dirtliLdliscrtcrii
rcfrrcrr t.rblonl irt prrrtc.t sit sLlperi()i1f it Qrtttt,ttttlolrt t'itca I'itt'
r.,crtzictttc, r/al ttc)z.o in sopr,l), itttrLtcit cee il cc licr-rsc ill.rintc
r(:p,rorilirtrhrti.i,rlrtr'cc,lllor'.Icl''(l'tc\(ltt\.1li\t\t'\olL' ).tioi,trstt.ilzi,i'ti,lttrt't.t1,,^tt)tt'i.,,t
rrn plicrrsc
A ,l,,r.t,t
ttl

de ia (liries;r Nuovrr (ii. -+2), estc in rc,rlit,rte rt,clul nnci
sc:hinrbiri r.nult rnrri ratlic:tic dectit lisrr si sc pri:sttpttni tle -

crctul. 1):rrtcir su1)erioitri,r vccirilrlr-ri trrbltlr-r cs{il, itttl--;tclcvitr,
e onr1.lg1 sch intbrti; cstc schitttbrrti, tle rlscrlllel.lc'il' si tclrrlic,r

pictr-irrll: Lrlcrul pc ;rclczic inlocuicqtc utiiiz:rt.c;r rtlte rioat.ir e

91

_(6

'f; \(r
Psarrl.) ,t lt

,llt.r oga \
.a^rl'a'rrilz))rrp11lrr..a1d\

tttutpt:1q' t'tlt,,
'suJ(l n\l

'u1cftttor IILI)ts nrirrc]s Ll-l IJ,+tsrr !zrrrrrr,loJ J$ 'l11.rtl{Lr r.rs^rS
-a'sI5rt^rlat(tusr^rJLrl,rIrrrEtVtrclllrttS,rrdslrrn)r^JJs-fIltru-Nrritr'r'Wp11prl'tsatuq-rrutot1Ft1-rr,tL!gzl(r)rrlrlJlru(,i)ll+]tU:qlrlltsr).Jrr1Slt1rtr(F)jsu|atcdsl)rtJtillL.)rtBl.tJouI)rJtL-)r)r

t/Lt.La) Ln:(tl'Zl 'lr) r-rJHrrr ep !lu-lr)ptr rrroprl^{ !lr.z-r!r' !1.1u .rs

rePrsqr I11-rtriJf ur :Jtrurtsrp r,lltoulrd l.r-lt J1lLil.rd11r sLlJql.tlJ r11l
tr 1rIrrrr.l 1]aLrrlrs.iaA'urr{)})rrt\ rs rirrrls^.),i]Ln1) qiacls rrr'trjrzOtl

-ILlor alslr^rJrfil!r1u1(1)s()-LrrJdaliJ,m,llLrLrrrl)J,IrrtlLt-rrrpodrr|L,rll-ai l-sr.r.rOltl'iqoz,irrrdc{rJaIdroiPnluirr-rr-1Jpn

ntlJ.

ctr:,rl-lrCr1lri-liL.ltii,r)rll(t',.r1lr7l,i,iull1tl-c-(c)nltlrl.rllll,icIloa1l 1.3rbsli,.,rlr".rrltztlLi(tr'Lr l.\t1 .1\Llirr'l l.rrr r-
.r..l,j,r,i i,r,,-,,

r.rnri,,r'.r1,i,,,1';tnrir dr-':.r('r'..tstri cl:r1,1, r-cir1i (si rrLr lrrct,ttrt crt in
pr i;rt.r r'.:rsiLrnc). L.r
ic.-itt' sr.rstilrLrl cle irrgcr i,
littr'.' tirrL, ( i.'br.ur.rrre -nr.tt'Lir' 16:S), 1'r.tsc.t L).rrisisc in
r1 11 r11 ..11..1.t jr. rtiltr .t li t l'.lrt\l)r,l t.lt.t itr .ll)\i\l,i , ,,t trlui, ,trrrl.
.r lrcrst inst.rlrrti iutr Lrn,,r,r'ili.rr-r",rl t.rhltrLrlLri centr,il .rl lLri

I{LrL,e ris. -,\5.rt1.rr, ,rici ,tvcrrr tle ., i,rcc cLt r-ur r cr.rt,rLril rlontrrl

.1.' inr.rgini. lnclstrlrc-.r cste insi .rtrnLlrtar !-.r.irr inst,ri.rlcrr Lrr('1
cl.rpctciir-r 1'rrq.r h.esct'i. Pc.rct'.r.st.r clilpeti i:iglrr.'.rz.i rr cf igie .r
tlc le \ a1iic,.,11,r crr e nu se inrlcp.iltc.rzi
Nl.ttlonc'i r lr-irrnt.i.r lui Rul,cns. (,1.rprctrr rcspecLi\ i l)rr';i nrLllt
c1t'pli mr tre bui.i s.r
lie ltrlie ati rrr.urrrri ('u
;rLrt,'r li i(n)c.e1zcrrir'rtrs.uirl-t[rrbi1tor.l.i,iro-rrl'uiI,r,-rir1nct .i'1.i.i.,rr11t,'r. cinti
.()lrtclrp]11.1,
irrrrr

girtt',t \l,r.1,,ncj ric l.r \.r11icell.r. S,,1trti.r inr,rgirii .l,ri.eri.r-r

qcr'('.rz:r c.i..rsrr cLrnr r//r1iir.ri1r.l/ l;c-.io:1..'i lLrj liLrlrcrrs:e .rlli

irnrrgirrr',r vcclre , tlittc,tlo rlc rru.rgint'i \,('ahe sc :r11i protrr
tipul. .\er'.rstr1 slrpr.rplrncrc (1c rnr.1lli1ri cstc irr rr',ilrt,rLc's()lLrti.l

.1t'tlrl ,1c h.r,-i1.r.i lrnei nr.tri pr,rLrl.'nre tcologice; cstc pr'()-
1|(.rr1tl6u,....)rl-r,c(,).rr'.rrror.rr-.ilicnlriLi r.lrt-.t,1or...crl'orlrrrrlt,,i'crt.L..l,nutirtrlrr'rJ'
,t.rl,il ,rr,'r irLrl

(i6i l, l(rlr,

fr.cscci lrr,rrttpiaslmentLrl s,rrr initi.r1, rctLll'nJr.r'a.u-r'1rLl .r iast

i,r. r'..tliz,tt,i rtir i,,..l.tt i.
ln rrltinrr lcrsiLrne r t.rbloului clc rrlt;rr dc lrr (.irics,r
NLtr.rvJ, ]i.r-rbt'ns ()pcrczr't rle tltrr-ri t,ri tr-;tnsittr-ntil'eir,,illr.t-
uirrir" irr ..t.rlr]r,LI". ( ) rl.tt,t l.r'irr irrsr'l.tl r'J .tr. l. i i;.r..., , 'i7, r
1,r itttr'-tttt,1tt.r,l,,, s:ci,cinrrtr,,iii,'.l'.lr,stli,tin, rpr1rgi'1in1ii,1c(',''nr'trltillir('t'itrlir.r...1e..tr1g'1rr1.s'':.t
-\ctrst.r ILur('rL irr
silr,l,t.r..'.ttL.rri,irlir,l,r..,,l,tr.rr'irt'tlrr.lrrtrrr''i.,i,.l.t5.,'l,Lir.rrlL.,,lii\ir\r'\ir.l,t.,tr.nrr.!rLrirllttit1l,'l.'ilttr.r,1. \1lut..,1lri1nrr.tt'rll.rri1rilr.,tLtt-Llirrrt..riri.,r\lr1i,.rr,r,,r1r\,,,',rl',,r.ir:l
1('r)rIl.l,trc,lirr,'i,'sii.irr.isi sttttt .ttt.iri tlr'r'r'rtis.,irr.tttltilrr't.l
dueincl lrr icrrrrni. ln c.rcirr-rl scrvicir-rlr,ri litr.rrgie, r'r dcvinc,

inrprcuni cLl,r1t.1r'Lrl, centniI .lteutici.
I-lrcr.incl pcntm ()r'.rtor-icni, li.r-rbcns nLr \-.r rr)nllLrrt.rI
nLullili cLl pr()blciu.r,,\-c'cliililru" si e,,n..rr-rllri", ir 1i elr.ret'.';r
rr,,inr.rginii" c:r obiect ilc ltlor':rtic si rr,,trrbloulr.ri" c.r nrijloc

,.l,cr.r1lr'l'1,,'3rr7L.''1i"1)g.1rl.'c,,..rRt.'.rifir(d)r.t't1rlincitiininti-tr.-'r'',n,irnt'rr',rrignirrtct,"tlcslin,i,t,ctrlrrlto.,r..t."in(tsc,rr'.-r

te \LLr.llit.ltc sintr:nrrri.:r-r": irrc.rstrrl.crr ,,pl c7intii" (sp,rti,rl si

tc1lrP111.1]; icotrrr,i, ilcci'rstir tliil lir-nti gisirrrlu-.st' intr.-rrrt r',t

Polt driilciccr,orlltretitqe,rrii:tr.cltcestccrirotp,rcbll-rc..rLl'crlz-ci{ir:(li1ninl sirirpPt,rLirrlrcruirrinlctclrrrttccxi'trrlcr-.

1).rr

.ilit.rte r sintr{nr;rti.- J cstc clLrblrrti dc o rrlt,r, dc ti1. irs()cl.1tl\':
,,irrr.t;irr..r" r-.t..l.,itrl'l,tl:.ttr'rtt, rlt () 1).tll.', irtr.t;rtlr'.1 r"il,t

rttlo.ls.t {ll't'5t'Jl:i.,lr'tt.tl.tlt.t, I't1rl.'7.ttt,1I'L.l .t..rt.iittt.i-: :

(clepcte). I{aportr-rl ciintrc cclc cLrurl itr;rqirrr csrc nLr r'.1p,,ri

in tbsclnti,T: prczcnqa linci;r irrrpiic,i .tbscnr;r cclcil,rirt

()6

L6

r[tr3r]uir tsJJePun-rltcl rl'tsrl-IIAX Ir r1-ll1llof,JS 1r t-rJ+s lltrlrr-rdI
tir (trrElsrstr'rrutdrlig rr-r9-ro q P Jof 1l !lrrtLrr Lrr!-I.+
111 slrJclnu r11l
rrlsa,rod rrrp r:lr:3ap JS 1l J-rrd a:) lJlzlll.rtlo.r t'Plllr il

,,IJolPury ap JIJlJrr

-Iqel" rrrp 'pprrElrlr{8 1II euoputr{'r :JllJJlo.) rs (DIqlut:sv '!'

r li;lii'.:' i:;iii;t;',,,
s
rr a q. 11 * p u,; d e',,,,::';' p.(.u.n"t:-(l;t,(Jlq,d'ti't.tll.r,J,/.lcr1)r.tt,,i.r)i

L-1t1.rrutt::Ul'L1l1.l\tU...1r 'l1U1lZ.r,r..)i(ilz_.IrI.rtu,o.U:rttro.ill 'Elrrpolol o
Ulp t'lS,rr\.

:,,1roiqfl" rrrp at.rrrd rrr:1 (,,r1ad1p") ,,.r.rrtrr.tz) lrl.rr r.r-rur( ).rT"

'.'liqilllllii.*:riir*rlili"r$il!i,.\l.S

i.':!ri"riiti l't,1:t,i.:1, 4tl,,,?_rrr.,:ii.,.,i,: :,1
:.:.'' i_'

' .:. .:: .. i]:i: i \

)'

ll. :q.'

'! Itl'
(iLt.t;5

1'fs)_r I r-.
r.rn,'il1 Lnp rrri

'i.ll).;l

:tlll:'! t]t)1'1

inc:1str:rte in nrecliul pr"ir-rrt ;rl colection,trilor dc arti. Moclr.rl
in carc sr-r,r'inc accst proce s 5i in c,rr-e schir.nbare ;r coltte xtll-

lr-ri siu cleternrinir o nroclificarc i1 strLlctr,rrii intertcxtu,rlc
poatc fi ilr.rstrirt in cletaliu prin bogrtta serie de inrgini -

M.rd,'nc, rrrai .tles, ti.rr'5i P1-t1'1 rctc, l'cl)l'czertl.ir.i tt,tr'.ttivt':.rtt

rcpre zent;iri sinibolicc - inconjurate clc' o ghirl.rnci;i clc flori,
spcci,rlitatc in ctrre pictolii ililnrrrnzi alt cxcelrrt (il. "+'+,45,'+6).

Fapt senrnific,rtir': ,rparigra tipului ,,Iie ciorrrei in ghirlancli"
constitr-lie, conceptual si crotrologic, corttitruarea, pc un alt

pl:rn, a problenrelor pusc dc lr-rcrarile lui Rr-rbcns perltrll

Oraroricni. Apar-i1ia 5i rispindire:r incastririr cu |-rncqie pri-

vrrti pot fi urnraritc p;1s cLl prrs clatoriti, rlri .rlcs, cor-csport-
clcnlci lui Jan Brucghcl ccl Bitrin trt r:erclitrrrlul l-cdcrico

BorLonreo cle la Milannls, c,tre, potrir-it sLtrsclor, ar-fi fost,
clc ase nretrca, invc'utrttorttl acestci noi formule .

intr-,rdcr',ir, intr-o scr-isortrc a lr-ri Ilrtrcqhel drrtincl clin I

februarie 1608 (aclici tocnrai din pcriorrclrr cincl lttrlrcr:t fre sc:t

din Biscrica lrilrpinilol clc 1,r I{onr;r sc prec;itca si-$i

piliseasci iocr-rl sprc .r fi transportrrtri in ebsrcii), ptttenr citi:
,,JVIi stridr-riesc sa tcrnrin nricr,rl t.rbloL1 cLl comprlrtin-rct.rtr-rl
sir-i cle flori; conforr.n clorintei llntincntci Salc, r'oi .1gez:1 it.l

ccntru o Macloni cn peis:rj"1'). ]:rL itrtr-o alti scristtarc,
cl;rtat.I clin acecrrsi zi, el ac{augi: ,,N-;rnt ficut, pi.ni in

prczcnt, nirric esenrinitor"l0. Ccintribr,rtirr clirecti rr c,rrdi-
ireiului la creere,r ,,Iccio,rrei in ghirl;ud;i" pirre a ti astfe i mrti
nrr-rit decit o srmpli ipotcz;i.

Tabloul cit:rt in scrisori se giscgtc ast;iz.i l,r Art.lbrositllril
clin Milano (il. -1,+). l.stc vorlr:r cle ntr mic ulci pc aranri
(.27x22 cnr), cu lrrnri ar,rr-iti, ?n care cstc inc.rsrrrti inr.rqine :r
Madonei, pictati pc o placi dc ,rre,int (7x5 cnr), incor.rjr-tr:rti
clc o rarni ovrrli, tot din;rrgint. Acesttti ;tsirrnblrrj isc rrclrrugri
cornbin:r1ir.t ,,nriiniklr". Se qtie , ac-utl c:i Brucgircl estc clortr

?lLrtorlrl ;rqrr-r.r-tnrrtt-tlvi riuadrctto, .rclici .rl t,rbloulr.ri-t::tdru cLt
bogrrta sa ghirlandi cle flttri, itr r-retnc cc M:tclonrr este ()pcra

lui Henclrrck r',rn Il;r1en. Sc qtie, cle itsclnclte,t, ditr accle,rqi
sursc c:"r J,rn 13meghel i-a plitit c1 instrsi colaLrorrrtor-ului sittt
12 frlippi pentnl r"nicrr Madoni qr'l frlippi r-urui tclq pcrltrlr
filrrii rrlrriti, in tinrp ce el ,r prinrit clc la crrditral, pcutru
operii in ,rnsamblr-rl sau. ICO de tiiippi, snrni pc crrle :r gisit-o

nrai cic grabi clez.anrigitorrrel I .
Accste dct:rlii pccutri:rre l'ac sI rcirrsi () cLtri(r:1s: clrfcrcngi

dc prcl ir.rtre t,rbloul-caclrr: qi t,rblolrl incrrsttrrt. Accstrr clin

urni nr-r,rre - clac-:'r ar fi si nc h,tiirtt cltrpi c:ctrespottclenti -

nici o valoarc pictr-rral:i icsitr"r drn colrrLrn, tricr o sct-tttrificatic
cloctrir-rarli speciala. Micir Madon;t e lui Van Baicn ltLt cstc o
inraqinc nrir:aculorrsi, nici c-r copie ,r vrtrtttci ico,rue cele bre.

98

66

-f,rd Jtf,asur raun u r;olJ e-uLrrp eun ad eluazasd aptin ap '-rot,t

-adns arrrrpa-r ap p"-,$-.tn ep'pzerlJlauaq Epurlrril8 'puoprytr

eP 9i1U 'aauLLIEJ ap iSasut ttapr t-rdnsr 1e;nlcrd sJn3sIP un

ttlap Jtsa nu - nolqut tsa:E EI 1ar18anrg tn1 rrlnqt-rtttol rteol
goipr - oua.tpanb rnlntrLlrnrr-EsE B Eal rS raueolr €rLrEJ aJtur
Bsrrudno uLroz El€oI 'rnlnolqrl yr: ,rrlnBrretJa-r InlqLLrrsur
rrr rarr-rasur EtEpotol r-npueiilrlE; 'a1e-rtuac rrrrrSrrut r
!lE^o erlrJoj Pral EPrrEIJqc 'r3rrro3I 3 EAIlfaJe EiueJ EZEelqnP
ac'ulBlltd',,prlrpJ" Enop E o rzearuloJ - JIpaJ auEoJr relln P
plea-l erle;ocap ':rla;oat 'acnpo;dar J-rtf, - rpueI-IItlg 'InlnJol

-i,tr,rd rtrraurua un8r; plspeoe elrraza;d e ap al-ledt Erarueru

o lglJp etsa nu nJpro-lno]q?t af, eura-i,L ut 'tuopetr { alsa
rarluats InJtuaf, :luuorldarxa JILuru a;r nu auIS LII e;adg
'(tddttU PS epuel-rrq8 n'rtrtad 1aq8an'rg

ap grnunqo rruns nJ tau r'z8r2at)se-rrrroc (rddrlr+ ZI) nps 1niar4

'?urls0J(ltlrY

PJJtof,?ur(J'ourlrl\

'ttrJ za x l;

'rurt:r ad rrln

'3C91 'lPul1lil(l>
ut ruoPDl\

'urlPf{ rrr.\
uritlg
Irr-lplrrH I( rrrl i,l

1a: 1l18an.rg

tirt(', c:rrc va cicvrrri curin(1 Lilr /o/)o-i.rl gt'nr-rlnr..focul inirc

inrrrginc 5i rc,r1ir.rtc, trb!inr-rt cn;rjr-rtc.rr-rl qhirl.rndei, ii corrlrcri
r-n icr-r lrti t rrblor,r crr r.lctcLr-ri clc,,cr-t rioz i t:rtc"', l o:rr.te pot ri r-it

a5e zirii salc irr rltrat/ruia crrr-clinrrllrlui (..u-c r.r 11tr.cri, ilL

1 (r 1 8, Pinacotct.'r AnrLrrosiirnrr)ll. I n intcr.i,'rr-r1 Pilrrcotecii,

Mlclorr:r trcbr.rie si fic perceputri c;r t, utt.r,i<itrt.Lr \t.1tLrt

rlpartc, cllr in.rcclrgi tinrp crr un.,,trrblou", irsellrcni tLltLlror-

ce sLll.tt prczcntc eici. F-.e nLr mrri cstc un silrrplr-r,rbiect clc

rrcl,.rt',t!ic ci, (lirtoriti inscctci c.1rc sc plinrb,i pe rirlrl s.t llc,-
r,rii, un obicct .le nrec'lit.rticr .rsLrprir r.rl,ortnlni clintre in.r

qinca secri, pictr-ui si rcrrlitatc.

Pcntr u ,l intclcgc ilr cc contcrt si-r.r gisit loe ul rrccst

qutlLlr('tto, trcbr-ric si nc rcanrintinr ai, cr-r cilir ,r rrni inrrintt',

Borrotlcr'r it cont:rntlirsc lr-ri Crrr,rr.rrgg,io cclcbr-lrl sitr Coy ttt

f)'uctc', r.rr iLri Brucgircl irtsusi :rl siu lJrtt'l:,ct t/1t11't' (.1 606).

i )ricr-r qir-rcni se.url:1 d c,rc cs te f,rptc',,l, L,sc r-r'ilu c;'r irlcc;r rz-irzlr-

blajului estc prczenti, 1rr r.rrr.rlt iiir-el, chi,rr l.r orisiriil.'
crrlectie i nitrricrne. () qrrarlrcrill cstc rczult:rtr-rl contt'rl u,tli-
z,irii urtrtr inr,rgini c.rrc rlifcr-i Irin
nrcs:rjtrl lor'. Curin;rorrtc li intcqrati tr 1-11rls1ri('nt:r, stjlnl si
imrrginc srrcri intl un
irsfl]]er1cil c()nte\t? Iati intr-eblrcr.l Cc 1)ilre rr sc fi irrrpr.rs l;r
o ri gi n i I c,, \'1 :tcl o nci ir.r ghi rlirlr cl-r " .

Lrsuqi l.rptul ci este lolL,,r, in ;ice st prinr e re nrplirr cLrlros-

cutll, ricsprc t'r opcri rle c..r],rbor.rrc si c.i Nl.rrlonr nu,rrc nici
o,,.tltri" nrir';rcr-rloasir s1',ecirr1h, slrgcrcezi ci rrsrrnrblrjul cstc

eici o plolrk'nri cc prir-c5tc indcrrpr o.rir e .ltd(lrc7'iit si stirtr-l-

tr-rl siu. Mic,r Madon:i :r 1r,ri Vrrn Brrlcn rlLr .u'c nici r-rn.r dirrtre

crlit,rtilc e e rLrtc tlc tr.rcliqia inc,rstririr (r. ccl'rinre , e ar';rLrtcr

nrit'r-tc,.t1r.r-s crc.). F..r nLr urnrcazi, clc ,rscnr.rre .t, rrci o it olr.-

qr,ificl.:,tr.e s,i o po.rti lcg.r clc tr'.rr1i1ic. \l.rclrrrr;r lir 7,cr-i-i' 1'51s'
clcja o intc11r1s11y'g,,nroclcrni".r ic,rrnc'r. Ircrr si rn,ri li-,rP,irrt
ci, in nricr-tl t,rL,i..,u (jl.
cstc lrrptr-rl siluct,r lui losi1. r\cesr e+le-+n)r,,'lr)'rul t(s'Ln1r{ccl-lcisirczc.-r1-rcr.'i, in
1',1enr,rl cloi, nc

rrllinr in iJtir Llnci replcze ntrrri erir.cnr clc sl're.:i.r1.'.r,,[;ugiiin

Igi1)t", lo.crrlizrti asr,r1-'r-r14rrlonci cu I)r-r-rncLri. .rdicrr 1n i;rtrr

tlrtel u11,1gr111 t'i1rc prczirrt."r rct,trrlr cr.r l)i Lilr lrel clc crtr;r1.r,ltuc
lic-l'c'ot.or,trcrcrilcccnstcPldr,cintrcluril rlintr r-rn e (lntc\t n.rr.rti\.
.r
rlriitii eal t.rbloir1 lrri .i:rn i3rucghe
1 si el

lui I {cnclricli r-.ur li;rlt'n, c,,nr.rn11.rt si ,,invt'nt;rt" tlc crrrrl i-
n:rli-rl lltrr|trne(), Lrslc r.ur uronr,rj (|.iitsaizl,il,/ in t.'rrnin,rl,ir

gi.r gcrnt;rrtir). I)ar ('stc LrI r1r.r1p.1j rri r.tLll s;re cr.tl: tut Litt

taizl;ilcl rlc pin,rcotcci. lntr-.rclevIr-: t()irte t,pcrclc riin scri.r

e e vir Lrrnrir i.or pirisi inc:rstr.rrca clcctivi, l)rczcnt:1 in crcnr
1',i.rllr1 primitiv, pelrtrll ir cicr-cni ni;tc,,pscr.rrlo inc.rstriri ".

Prinrelc vcrigi :rle,rcestlri lant, cltrtor,rtc acelcirr5i .urrbr;rntc c.r

ilcce:t crlre ir dilt n.r$tere triblou]r-ri dirt 1(r03, nLr sLlnt lrirj

l)Lltirl se rr nrficrrtil'e.

r00