I9I
-rq-rv Eluazard 'arrro8al? ralJl rf, (rnlnlBal r[rrpJo elriir?dE
nLI Jr,relEB EIsEJJV 'lrqrqoJd urilld i,,srJ^uv urp ;otuure.. un
E J rolrJoterr;a,tnE elrzr,t ap'1iqrr r;r,ra,t atsatr-rotsr tLrallrrlialo
rrn a1t'1elaua8 ur tnuilsns e-s LlrnJ uSe'uq'ro,r. aij pS ieunrsJJ,\
E]SEJJE Lrr Jsnpo-rllrr rr-rrf,tlrpour urieli;ruuras elsJ a-rpJ
'inintJurqpJ ln,rrler,rdo,rd 11 u a,rrd a-rr: '[rnos;ad
rJIiJ.u IrEllrulni ?lJE es ra e-uul'lZ9 I IS 669I a-rtrrr altuorpr,ralrr
sof ap ]_nr.ra.tn8 nr "a;rr rJrql11 rr:npir1.ry
'r:1aqrs1 rs
'-Icla'f,l,uarnSJooIsrf-r-nrua-ldfrS"r'oerlaldrpuTorrJdsrlaasdlslttrprrzroaliuStunrrsInenoul1qnlE.-Jrr'oarlrrJ-rrrcLa{rlpr'-Fsrolr1rrrr:1;srn;rc..uorn1-iodrlqrnlJr-r.rrlatS.tr1"c*ul1rj
-orrofr rleSgru r-ta ,-ro1q"r tn1.:t.ir 1n-rni rrr nEalrrroJrrrr es J.rlrf
r,rotrLrm rop rJf rS rr-rac{ecrrr
rc 'ln,rrdsrp r lnco1[ru-r ur ]rztSr
't9 r;nHr.J rrrp nilr't.r:
'(; ) t.tirat11tr.
uP.\ Lr.rft_lP\r'f'
ducilor-trcbr-rie si aibi deci o valo,rrc sinrbolicii. Vizr-rt rrst-
fe1, t,rblor.rl cle 1i,r Baltirnore (i1.63), cleprrrte cle a con-rprlic:r
versinnca cle la Madric{, o f;rce nrai cl:rri, nrai cxplicita.
Arhidr,rcii er;111 gariulii aqa-r.mrnitct Par Hispanic'ain tert-
toriilc din Norc1. Sub guvemarea krr, rlll incetat rizbo,ricle
rcligio:rse gi cirtolicisnrul s-a consoliclat. At-u avut clejir oc:rz-i;r
si sublinie'z rcperclrsiunile n-ritului Habsburgilor in c;rclrul
polcnricii .rsupr';r inr.isinilor din secolul :rl XVI-le:r, itr orqa-
rrizarea trcelor Kunst- und W'unclu'kamtncrn, in constrr-rirc:-t
TemltluLui Picturii al lui Lourazzo. Astfel inlelcecm nrai
bine, in accla5i col1text, tabloul de la Btrltimore. H.rbsblrlqii
iru fost (Albert cra fr;rtele lui Ruclolf :rl II-lc.r, i.rr- ,[s.rbel.r cr.r
fiica lr-ri Filip al II-lerr) cei c,rre rru asigr-tr:rt triunrfr-rl
,,Virtutii" ;lsupra ,,Iqnoratrlei". Accst rrcs;1j cra dej,r prezcnt
irr versiunca clc la Madlid. Seria rrcelor duoc{acint impcra-
tores atrrigea atentirl asrlprx tenrci inrpcrialc; F{erculc -
apro:1pe urt ,,;rtlirnt" al nrarelui tzrblou cclltrxl - eril pc-rso-
nificirrea Casei cle {us11ia(r3. Ccca ce er;r inrplicit iu vcrsi-
lune,r de le Pr:rclo devine cxplicit iu ce:r cle l,r B,rltinrore: sirl\'-
gardxrea Picturii este, a$ildilr, cle ,rser-t-tcnea (sau, poatc iu
prirnul rind) o afacere politicrio+. In sprrtiul galeriei, Arhi-
ducesa Isrrbela loacI acel:rqi rol ca Mincrva in tabloul ale-
goric65.
Originile ,,Cabinetelor de An'ratori" ca een picturtrl p,rr
astfel a sc lirnpczi prin convcrgenlir mrli mttltor motivirqii.
Acestc tablouri sunt n-rtrnifestarea vizibili a ttnr-ti discurs
ilsupra irrtei. Acest discurs - putcm si o spur-rcm acllm -
inrbini sccnariul clr,unatic al problcrnci im,rginilor cL] scc-
nariul - rctoric - al ,rrtei rrenrrrl'iei, pelrtru a rrjunqc in final
la alcgoria politici.
4. Retorici 9i colec(ie
Inrpulsiunea aleRoric:i, care are inflr-rcnli ?lslrpra irpariliei
,,Cabiire te lor de Amatori" intr-o urrrt'rieri uneori greu dc se-
siz-at, devine cu totul eviclenti itrtr-o serie dc tablouri, ai
ciror prototip, a$a cLlru tIc vt'rttt.tt.trrt.tti, s-a trirscttt clirt ct-r-
laborarea lui J,ur Brueghel ccl Bitrin cu Rttbens (1L 47).
,,Viznl" face parte dintr-uu erup cle cinci t,rbloltri cot'L-
sacrate cclor cinci sinluri. Accste operc au fost nrerett itr-
terpretitc, pe clrept cuvitrt, c:1 l1i$te ,rlegorii rror:1le si lilo-
zolicc''''. Aieeoria Vizttlui are drcpt cadrr,r Lln ,,mLlzeu", ctlre
s-a incercat a fi identificirt, rincl pc rirtd, f;iri mlrc sllcces,
cu galeria arhiducali salr cu accea a lui Rr-rbens. Itt ceutrtt se
aflio femcie goali :rgezati, in curs c'lc a couten-rpla r-rn t;rblor-r
sustirlut clc uir pu.tto inaripat. Acest tablor-r 11Ll cste sinqurul
152
t9i
'rrtdrrJJl) rrl JpJ^e.nur as Jf 'gtr,rnlplr ea;adrlrr rrrp alata_rad
urardrrlud..rrrtpluroi;rddHnrupunluIszIrl'1tss,rrrrr)r,q1lanot5alyredlo'rlttipl-au=lnrau+popLtizrupdBu..2uJIJai lpaa-Lqr1Jta[dsn4alod!L)tu)a?slrAnqrutzs)rA,-r
o 'unolqrt xnop ,rEo(I ',,llr1txelrror" rnlnsJ-rotrrr r-rdnsr alrl
-Jrrrtrir ln,t? r+ rr arrcl ,,P.nlxol-rJlur" insJ.rJluI 'alrlrirln J-rElJ-mo o
ap rSntol lpJ,\op .ttrod as Jtrzrplltxat,retrrr L-rrsolrlmrr_i\Sr ryru.trtrJlltttloz.rrArrl
lluLU rtur tS !frrr
J,ruolr,rJJa-r Jir-rf;qJ-rlrrr nf
:itauo\apt
rn''1 o r q Er
upir:r-^1'Irusr'1!.Ei+Lrrxa' sFa',lr;lr'fffJ1-lr!-:r'otr^r,rfdliln::,r.t:r"rarclj;:J-l:r::r1irr';a'jir9.r,ts,a.
ep Eolrter IrqBurLU-telrrr rru trreli r+ rrr ltrr nolqrrt rnlsJf,E 1r lr.tr
-rlrlop e,rJr.rrsJp O 'ptuepr^a rcrpadolrrolrc lrJl-llrr,rts o ruo.'i
-JIr nazrlllr rn:lsofc nilseJJt rnlnclolii r: rS
r1-lir-uor-rotur !.re+uol rS a1r1 ap ,apauotr ap
JJU-lrolro-rtsr la-rJ-+s cluaza,rd 'rr1nltor ap
lni;eStr-rr1g,r 'a_lrlrirrrrlS -rolJtuJlun-rlsur ?Jrrrplurllllry .aIti1zr-\
tatir,rntes r-rdnsc'rr.ratsrounl rairralndo r'-rdrrir, rrirjrptirr
o rrrrlrlt elrr^ap earrrliuurl '11.rJ.mCf r.r1l t 17lo)uqa1[ ra-rq
-JIJI rnlnlcpollr llzlrJrolup
-a-I',,,rr:)?rlosr" d1l_ ap ;JrLp.-'T.tquJl-rr n1rt-rrdanlr-SrJtlfrrEra"Jr1poutro(s3oyui"rt-"r-ft
o EJlrr rElrJq,rrrllsrrrrlqantsndu,rrJcrurrrorurcnol dnrtnIlErSttr^,nrJlrnisln,Irncrorctnrrir-lrddruu
'rrJlsefr
-llol t-rn]trlr-rptr r+ e a-tud r.,{ 'rJzalnLrr: r q-rn8r1 o .ralrjrtr.'rsu
a,)p:r'rJts'r,rrr:'1l)dl1lrnroudrrL-rldr.r.u. rpIl.l.rr-lrr?-lJJJJrluJoll)nl)crtrrrlrnruordryl;uvsqrj.dtarurno\,arls/Vl rry.rdI
-ntJJrqns^E !^rlEHJu aulql) uJ estLu o ap 'prr:p o rtrrr ;rq_io,r.
alsq 'a,1a8an,rg tJtcrd inl E-rarurru ut'.to1tqto apqu#J ILLDI
rr prre,\rr nolqr.l un gl+r JS ((,9uEritua,r t:_rt,rod un Jp srrnrs?
1'Jr.:rrJi,frrrrd.\_rSrnlrarp-r_doctl1 ad tuzasu '1eprrn.1 rrrp alatc,r.td ap ir:urazr11
tt.llrlsep ep eto^Jrrrr rrlela: ap ralr,r o-.rlur-rcT
rJrirzL)Lhrrr)J ll-llsJ.r Jp tr8el atsJ rr,roEalr nJIlnu tsJtv
'nllnze^ lnturs
luI J.\r]rlJ,r Jtrelqo allr Jp tS'.-,.,n1's ir-lltqr,rlE,rrnrcl ap ptrios-ut
'tnlttzt'r r:ir.tz 'r'.)ltdO
orlt I ,)lrr.l lur.a rr.r nFtl f ,)tu lllLl.rl)r
I'.rr.r t,rtirl.,I Jlrrlr'rztl) r,ttr-r rr LLtl) r'l\J.rv.ll|.il11'(l .1ntlil.rs.r1,r1
'qsuirr rd rI uclnl :lrr.rulraJs tsJfr rrzxelalduror aluJurJIa JllV
o',,-I,nrllrrr-urzdll-ruzorLar-"ra!deo-ruelsuJcz-amldzarl.rrrurlJdtupratsluroJtfr,,tl(ngz9?,,\t"9:,,.a1-rr)rrr:,onrU,rsa^trr--rtr,:,
uJ'IaD!n1IitiJ,?tl'r-:t(tlerL)r'ur.pglJ)nJ)rtafd,)-Ir'Prle1n"rd-s,ru)mJ-lttulr,t\lzn,)lr.rraul1rr:s1trrt)rJrtlrllistIld11tr,B_rr1,r-rlr'(rSnr)lnlzlJrtcrrRt{plrorrEEdrlclre.uIa',Jurtrtsa.n+rnrrror_EoraIr,o'IrJt,dsrrr'.p,nrFrLl.lnrrrldn,upsr(Erz.)c,r.+r'Fltr'Erqrc.^rrur3-r"tlr.rir1rdrE1zr;ail_5tlrstiE,radrrLr1rl.urr'prrrtdprt-iHrJuozrelrdrcuqsolrel,rro)1rtuLsr.cra\r,lplsr,r)reJ.nJl-t.sS,r)r1t,n.Jq1dl.]r1urrtf(lrllt)rt-dr/illi(qtro)xl1n.rcJ)0sl:l'
---)I|JltrJIJdItlSs.I'l-l-r-rrJSrInpl Jputl ',,r,ro_tBmy Jp alJlJLrrqrJ" ap J,trclOSO
TL:rrotlrzodxJ llrJtsls rin rzrasa't8srrr,rt J-Trl
incipere cles tinati in princip ;r1 expunerii starllilor. Scr-r lprura
octtpi, de asernenea, un loc insemnat in prirrrir incipere . Sub
Vindtoarea lui Rubens se r.':ic'l, inqirr-rire pc rlci crijelc, st,r-
tr-rctc, bustr,rri :rntice, copii dupi capodopr.r:e ;rlc Rcn.rqtcrii
(un Sclar,, de Michcla,rselo) sau :rle Antiihiratii (un cap de
Laocoon). Numirul picturilor risipite prin incipcre cste nc.r
superior cclui al tirblor,rrilor expuse. Functia lor alegorici
reiesc astfel subliniari.
An renarcat cleja roiul esenli,rl jr"rcat, in r-eprezentarc, de
nricul tablou pc care-1 contempli Iur"ro Optic,r. Purem cle
aselrellea dccela o fr.rnctie dc semnal vizu:r1 in alre picturi, si,
indeosebi, in dublul portrct.a$ezaj pe lnr-rsi1 din.stinga. !,stc
prlnr2r lnraglne pe care ochir.rl prrvitorr-rlui o intilncqte atnnci
cind cl ,,citcgte" tebloul c1c li stinga 1a clrc,rpta. l.sre vor-b:r
dc' o reprezelrrarc pin:i la talie a Ar-hiduciloi Albert ;i Isa-
bela, senrnaliincl pre ze nt.r, in imaginc, .1 sLr\-eranilor,
zenl:i Baltinrore (r1. 63), rc;rli. L- )re-
care era, in tabloul de Irr
Un joc subtrl frrce din clublul portret rur ,,nod" impor-
tant: Albcrt privcste cirtrc extericrrirl tabloultii si igi irtinicqtc
ochii asupra privitorului inaginar al A/egoriei, in vrcr"ne ce
Isabcla iqi orientcazri plivirc.r iple ..'lre rpti/+, nncle se g;isc$rc
l'igtrra lui_ lrrno Optier. lrr iat.r porrrerLtlr-ri, rrseuirsi pt.
jr-rm,itete de o r-.rzi. sc zircqte o fiii pe cAre sc rnai poate inci
citi irrccputul unei scrisori: ALljR...Aceasti fili ,,f;rce sis-
tem" cu dublul portrct qi, in rce.la5i tinrp,. cu acel carte llino,
pe cale se poate citi sc'nlritru'a 1ui Brueghel (BRVEGI-IEL
I'. 1617), alitun de zeiqi. Si fie deci vorba aici cle o de-
dublrrre a ,,sernr-riturii" in ,,semn;itLrra ;u-tistului" (Brucehe l)
Ei ,,sennitura conranditarului" (Albe rt) ? hrtre brle l rilnrine
ir-r suspensie .
Aluz-iile la Habsburgi r"u-r se opresc insa aici. Ele struc-
ttrre irzi toatl Alegorio Vizul.ui, collstituincl, ca si zice rn :rg;r,
,,trama" tesitur-ii ..rlegoricc. Pe nicul cabinet din irbanos,
dcasupra dublulr-ri portrct, se qiseqte o copie in rliniatur:i a
ce-rpr-rlui lui Hercule Farnese, evocindu-l pe protectorul
nitic al Casci de Habsburg. Candelabrul cd acvila biccfala
piaseazi galeria sub autoritatea biazonulr-ri rrnperiai, ir-i tin-rp
ce desciriderer l-crclei of-eri o vcdere a reSedingei Arhil
dr-rcilor dir-r Bn-rxelles. La stanga grupuiui central, fonlat dc
Iurrona gi irl siu ptltto, se afli un nic portrer ecvestru al lui
Albe rt.
Astfcl, nucleul alegoric al cor-npoziqiei este incadrrrt de
doui repre zertir; princiare (dublul portret 9i tabloul
ecvestru) gi inconjurat de alte trimitcri sirnbolice. !,fectuind
o lecturl de la stinga ia dreapta, vonl lelnarca o rnici cezuri
in suita imaginiior, cczuri dupa care ritnul se accelcreaz5.
O Bacanalii rubensiani/5 9i o naturi rnoarti in maniera lui
154
EEI
rrorlv rllnru lrLU nrs Inun-Jlrrrp JsE.nxJ 'IuJtPLu Jotlnru ItLU u
nls r?rJLTrl e.rdnsr efr:srd atlnnr lpru op ala8a1n3 t7 IJ)V]O)"
:(,,arlio1orur:" o aP Iqro,\ -IE-s rzptsr)
-rr-ratrl ua8 nn Erntrlsuol ,,tsrllalof," 'crSoloaznru ntitds
rnlm raJer[LresaP rJ B ap e]urrur pl lltr,Iu au ttloda
'plrqrznrld InJIXJ-I
tgrrp llnllr
rrrLr JlsJ lls tsJllrJ-rr\ LilP Jlsrurlrrn runllnl ell JLUJI JILIELLI
1-rf, JlEluurlrLrrB+ JrunuE o 'alnlsoLrlto JLrrrl lLIns ,,gJLIolall
ep ela-TJLUE)" nc asrrr.rls r-rnl;odu-r rn.rlr JIll '1rr1?ionrg rrrf
rl Jtrtrlrlrosrad o r-l,urrJd 'IIBJpi arioalor o t: tt,tt,tud rJOIo JS
rJm ulpluJze,rcJar alsa a;tr ur-re1rE !l ulp-rzJ"r ',,leldutaxl" sttJS
Lrn nE oll//zuA ut,LoBaly rrg atrsrtglrrr It-Its Jp a1a-redo r:rr61
',,rlrnlpAZJp" tJtrn llrttrasnor clsa
apJ^ JJ ?aer rf rnln,rolrAr-rd llrprrr 'lde.rp -touadtts lni1or rrrp
'ar-raclu-r1r rJ-rELlr :opt,rd EI Jp tLt/tlzuA ut,LoEaly tit 'EJttJLttJSU
ap 'r,trasqo os ,,r,radorsap" Jl-II r rS ,,uadorr" Ini p !JItf,JIrrIp
!lsuJly'r:ur1eE,, r-radoo-sap -ro,r" e:rr',,-ro1 i-rorrrtz r'r" rt,rtsos
rznrf Lrrp eradore JS ES turmrapur alsJ (,,eror.rcJr3") snrrarl
acl o-prrrtrraza;da,r nolqrt Lrn a,rul tutd '(,,udct-t 'utt\tldt')
'ttdo:t")erir-rltrlu rrr J,rrrsJ,rplr o 111 EZrJtnqep lnLtraod 'uJdol
-sap r:7r,r.rdolE e p311rrt"rp r1 -rotr,r.t,rd s-rnlslp rtt-t--ttrtucl (rar-rc1
-rB r r:1:s rurr,rd) Jloau.{ ,TOIJtILLInTT-ISr: qtrrrprp t:lttttlcos
rprrirsrp tSi (gtqt) oLrr,rEN 'fl 'C r11I vLtalu, ',,Jrf,arqns
aJal-lr-rpp:r3ia)di(snio)nurl]-lpasJrJrarrllrLprrrrlcnrIdlnosqolJroiurlrru"lrEarrllcpSrlrrlitroJS,r,,rSarus'(a-(,tr.)tJrlrgB,elJr-tpprr)Jrllr-Jrotnl,uTpcudJrr!"IuuUrdoroTy(ILrglr1Irrqimu!e9npton)rrLrett]orIn,"Jrrrorstp-iI3I-ra-rrTIrlrJutttdrsorJaIcsrpz{Ja.JJIr-U,IqrIIdnLrarzIlar.Jr.I\
r.,". u az roa', c{e.r r r s ., o',,,,,;'ii,lliii''iJ'l}l' )]il :.'lf ::iJryill
-r1rlr rS r:a:("'lr
lE:r'rzLirLurlj rVrr nSrt"rt Jp tlcdo att'ainpzpN
-rFolotrtr .rr,roliap 'Ir]lqlq vuotstcf (,IOI-IJIuI Jp Jir)f,s 'gl-troui
lu-rlrttrrr'[rsr.rd'ta-ruoc1) a1r-rnrrrd ;1r.rnrrr3 r]tor cpur-rclnr
sLrJqnU rS 1ar1.1an-rg ap ptr:rrrcI cr-ra1uE '-tt.tapt-,rtrt1 'trroda
,roinsrrrrrr-rn qEr:.rp cp tgtr 'atrtrs-rJ^rp ap rrapt t'a-rt-its^nll ap
rq-ro^ etsq 'lr-rotJ-r sLres un InqIJllr r-gs pqr:,rlirp Irru truIIfLII
rg Sy 'rr-rofiJlr suas rrllJrl c-rr ttttHutur cp r-irnirrupr1 ltstJlll
lJBp aLnpntil-tar nJ ElsrJIrqErs cs es na-ili Jl-Irro.+ Jts;I
'Ie?Jru
)T\ DtltJJ) ulu1,.[g qdnp arcloc c'r'n,r]se.rat qolti r-rr:ur Lrn Jp llLrr
-.rz;r.r -rrldr.rt lrn 'rrrsl-ray rnl r-rarurLU L\ eurjuJilq )p lua)q o
trtr,Jr1rn,lurraru-,r1rrctr1iirqprJ-urir4ort-1r1qtirt':trtoa'afrDlsrnzlVco{dr-rrrJlcr-IornutsrL'llIs:rJp-r|g:r:rzrirrrya(rs-r'l:dntsoE1aJaS:1rLu,jurI\u.r.E)J,Llg)IILiiILrnT5lorrpsutpratr'i--prr3ir)
I.. I Se m;ri spr-rne, c-le ,rsenrene,r, clcspre ..r cLrlcqere, c:onrpiLltic
tlin nrrri nrrrltc ilr{rnente E{ lucriri cilre irLl vrco leg;"rtltrI intre
t .,a1
c Le.
Sau:
,,COLEC'!'lE: Culegcre circ se f.rce din celc nr,ri frunro.rse
p.rs.lic ce ,: g.r,.:..'l] Autori I I O culcqere, o conrpilrrtic din
Ill.lt nlll llrr lllar-,1 l-1.
Originc;r cr-rvirrtnh:i collaction (colccqic) cste indic;rti ?n
verbr-rl colligcr:
,,C:Ol,LIC;F.R, r'. rr.:A cr-rlege, it pLrlrr'l;ro1.rlt.r. Nu sc spr-rne
dccit dcspre pas,rjele, despre fr.rgnrerrtr'le ilrport;r11te clintr o
carte, clintr un Autor I I EI insc.lnrni 5i .r iLrsera,.r inrcqrr, .t
culege cer.tr clir.r cliscr-rrsul r.rnci cirti. Nr-r cste folosit decit priLr-
tre orrrenir de ]itere ."7tr
Noqiunea nrocle rni dc colcctic i1p;rrc in strinsi legitur.r
cu ilcqilurca cle ,,rr culcge"(co/ligcr), irclici cn acivitatcrr cle
citarcsc. La r-urul dintle nrc'cerlltii lr-ri Rr.rber-rs, carclin,rlul
Borron-tco, ilceasti conccp!ic estr- c'r'itlenti. Inrportrrntrr
acordatri cle cardin,rl c6piilor, r-nanicrei dc .r ls;rnrbh c\clr.r-
peslatcrccloencsccl'ec.inmtrriliunccelicabtrrerri.gri..i,z,irucnpirS^el.zentrrtive" in muzeul siu
M-anr oprit deja asllpra personalitiqii ltri Borronrco $i
asLlpra contrirctelor sale cu Jirn Brucehcl cel Bitrin, r-rcrtind
artrrrci dualitrrtca cc opera in,vttz,cul (1625) siu inrrc
Madona in gbirland,i 5i Vaza cu flori. Accst binom estc
prez-ent si ir Alcgoria Vdzului cle ia Praclo (IL +l); ir velrit
lrronrentlrl si ne intrebir.n asupra raliunii .rceste i recllr.cnte .
Metaforrr florali e stc, in rL't()ric.r se ctrlelor el XVI-le a 5i rrl
XacVcIcI-p1lieaao, rLitgt1,i.ntoapr-iosalctegramtedneul,rn-roi.liLBuurcc.l-rrcdtuel
,,colccqie", ir.r
cle llori cstc
nretaforir oricirei,,colcctii" (florilcgiunt, spicilcgitrm etc.).
E,ste semnul sub care Monurignc isi ptrne.r Escrrrz/c s.rle,
atunci ctind dcclara (surizir-rcl, probabil) ci volunrul siu nu
erl rlecit qr,,qrinuciii dc flori r:izletc" cirora cl le ofcrisc
do,rr',, l'i rtrl spr-.'.r lc lcq,1"xl. llustr'.tr-c,t it'rt rtt,ti e\oL.t[1r;11's;1
acestlli topos sc grrseEtc probtrbri la Gr;rci,in: ficcarc cit;rt
,,cules" rrc Lln p,rrfur-r-r s1-rccific, buchctr,rl le rrme steci intr-ttn
Nlr nnnriri A/e gr,n ia \',lzului (i1. .lZ), ci
ugirraicceaeiirtr'otVu ipz,urrflunr-itrsS-ir.a Mirosuhzi Brueghel
(i1.48), prctrrta clc
ciqiv:r ani rlrri tirziu, prrrc a qine clc ilce:rstii trrrdilic.
Fapt inca gi nriri semnificativ, trrlt:rtelc dc rctorici alc
epocii st;rbilerru o cornp:rratie intrc br-rchct, scrierc erurlita 5i
picturi. Etienne Binet, in al sir-r Essa1, dg5 mcrocilles...
156
t9I
:IJUrqlB trio+LrlJLrr
'rrlod.r rrrrlatrrl rS rrtr.r()lJ-r ru 'lPrrndsl.rol rr rrprrrrlrnlF
1r: rS rrrlnt.rrlrnq lrr tuvt tx ul) t Lu rnllrtrurnu-rSt ra.rolutr y\tr
'().-JIr-r-rol-J rJ.r( )-+fl,lrrr trlrPf.rt rrtl'l r,rrclsrrr ,rs '...rr1Eil-
-Jtr slJs l1t--qrrr (sltlrsy.r ,I Jl) lrrzllqn 'tre rtr,ral lsJ:rV 'e.()lx)l
,rrJal rlrllrq,rJ-\ ntJ.rJlrr()r Ii IJI-lL,\X ir rS E.rl-TA\a It .rolal
-olJs rnsrrrrllnt Jg-rrut.trrelcrr{,rlns11rrrl,sr^1nu.rl ',,r,r1'rtrsrrtrlrr]ltll-lrrlJldltr:r,"1r1r1,tl,nirlr1r,rr..\tLur.-,.rol .ttr
r-",,1r,r. r,ri tda,rp
: t.tjtttrtut) rprrrrl,rrrlli Jp J,rrrotitJlrlnrr o rr 'y,rlrt,rrlrnq o Jts^J
r1u r.rJl^13 '(gl '1r; (rpr.ro1,1) rtosu-rts ul rzuts^rr ltl+r nolclul
lnl-.rtur suJqntl Jp lrr-nsr-rlr rS '-r;rprrt:1q rrtrrl rS tarrrg 's.r1rg
ap sio5rrr:.r.1 op trluJlu()r 'nrurld trrp 1nh:sr:d u1 'tnp-rarcl r-s
l-iJl]-]nrtrrrJplSrrrl..\rrEnJ-,rrIullrflslI.trnsl:9rJsalr-rprPrrnrr-fSlrrel1rl:rurJnirrsrtrrrrlraldsl^t:',trrrrrr:dJlr,runrlrqrlintrJlt-srrrrtxuiJJr-'-'r1-l1PlJrl-rrrrorcptrrilrirernqurnrrldarsol^rl
-1-loridJ:r'rluSolplirrrrsLlorrssrrrn-url\:lJq)Irl:rr,Jlro,irllrpJ-urrJrLrLrrIurllrrrcrl'lroct.rtlszranr1-lE-rroJco-JrLnrnltrJ.urltdSrgeaSlm,rrlr1lsr.,J:rrnsrr'-rrrrSrrrlrj(rrntJrrusr^rr
--rJ^rp 1t r-rrliola rm solts cp sro5rru,1 t:1 '-rL:pts^u 'ti,isrg
r,r1-r.)r1T a-rcls;p rq,ro-\ rr LUr5^ !rs ,.r., '.,.,1,,o1f3;,ttiitt'.tJ,1tirlf,,1t;li
r.rrrr Lrratsrroun-l lllr !s^ JruJi!plrr.) al ri'rj,rsnrrnl,ll Jl5^JJrr,r,rdsrp
rq.ro,\ Lt tutls rtu rs JurS11-I:r lr:p lrstroLulr.I+ Jl) x.1i.119dprp lrtns
JIJgnrr] rS 'rurttrrur Jls^tLr ltrns ,lr,\al)Lr -rlrrr 1l1.lrr 'ai,t:^nurtr-r1 .r1t
!1a1r:-rrrcl !pqou Jp lrtf o l1.r1r,J rrt'rtrr;S!.1!'Etr-Ip JlsJ.rrr Jltr()t pur.\
-u-r8nz'ap.rer-rls rS-r'rprrr-ro1;ur rrirrr.rr'4'alrrdurr:l rS nprrrnilyLLrs
rr.nltuN'lrs.rr.\t'sJp drilr rn rL)putrrirp'r1r,rr:-rrn1 r nprrlrrrcl
1.r
ut:s'rl-npLr!r.rp-1 rrr'asrrtnsL'.r,rLn-r rlls 1111 1!,r11's )lr,rr-lr)lr'lrrr ar{ rartlLr
Irportrr:t1a.rtrr1.1raSlSt.trtnoglcslrlrLrrrlerr'r,a1d'r.rn1JrrlrJp-frr.rr'1r-rrnia1s.rn1nanpr.rrlrurJr .r)tpr.l olus Lu l-roll .lp
alrr r-rauJrl.ltq
nr ln.rolrrd urnle;cl E,lupN r-r.r tnlul nr: rirrr,rlcl rriur+q"
:rrzIJlrrJLLrc)t I J Lr rfI,rrrI
1a,,,)snclLLlol lLrrls J.mf rrr r,llrpour rolJs-lJ-\rp tr.ri.uod')lr,rJJlp
rt.rrol rSr-uot lrnrs re e,rclsap lrr_J Js J-);1rrir:t,rasrp'ri[;e.]rr na,rJLLr
purr+ [Ln-r].)op trrJUr 'rgs ,ro1r-rolrlLris alalJprro.r rS .rlrgrrrrl rrr,rd
!p JI J.rEJ rd aunrio-r.ap ;p:lrtrrrlr-rlir.\Lil Jlrl)r,l1l.t t::ttrlr tt-r tztJl
IrrSs"a1rrl'nr-drsnrdprtrlrinpCatlrnltEulrL1rSr ir+tst :rl3trrirnq te Jrl rSr r,lrrIlC
Lrt-rt: r:-r|ulrd Jqrrrrrlls
rS qs 111111,,1 ,,-,t
ttri1.l
IJ rtr!J 'es-ra,lrp o-rr?-rf,lli ptsr,ef,lr rrrlrlolrrr Jlrtlr us pln?-r,\ (aJrol
lrrlr rr,rrrJ 5^LrLLrE,r rr sErslttrd ill,rotld raJJt al) !ararltnq Jp atrrtJr.lr.\
a,lxLrr r) lro-)rrl re r-rol-] r)^ralJJE nr tlllln'pirrrsnl:^r rllrlrr rlJ,loIl-roll
IllJJl\^JLUrl rS ua-rarrnclsrp arrJrs,rJ,\rp 1s ruS l-ra...i13 f.lJirrllrllg"
:saJrS Jp sro-1rrE,r.J
Intur+S urp [rsr:d un riLrr^rrd !]srrJlE Lrr rzuatrr '( tOgt)
,,Albinele zbtrrdi din lloare in floare, dar ele lac clr,rp;i .rccca (r5. Ruircns 5i
nrierea, c:rre este lucrare,r lor; r-rn mai este nici cimbru, nici Osias lJeert cel
nrighirrrrr: astierl fragr.nentele ir.r-rprr-rruut:rte de l,r ,rl1ii, e1 (aclicir: llitrin,
sc-riitorul, artistul) le va transforma si lc va contopi, spre a fece Pa.usins y.GLj-cci.
dirr ele opera sa proprie."9c
Irlnra t.relnte f,
Metafora bucl-retului gi acce:r a albinci descmneazi doui sccolului
etape $i doui r"nodalititri distincte ale travaliului intcrtcxtual
imaginat de secolele al XVI-lea qi al XVII-le.r. Buchetul cstc al XVil 1ea,
simbolul adrtivului, al asamblirjului, al,,brico1ajului". S:rrascita, Jcihn ar,
lVtabLc Rinslins
,,Miere a poetici" (poe tica mela)'tt proclusi dc artistul-albini
cste, in schirnb, rezultatul asirnilirii gi rr1 trirnsformririi. F.:r l\4Lrsrr.rnr ol Art.
prestlpl111e o activitate dc cittrrc dc tip ,,;rlchir-r.ric".
i
Acestor cloui rnagini par:rdignr:rtice, cea a buchetnlui gi
d
cea a alrlcstecr,rlui - ncl[ifica mixtura9) -, 1e cor-espuncle,
d
intr-o oarccare nlisrlrJ, tliscuti.r ,--lin irrcdiul erudit :lsL1pra
graclului clc integrare .rl citatului"-r. Jntrc citatul ca rcaiitate
perceptiblla (,,alegatie") qi,,imprur"nutul" metarrorfozet
(nun-rit si,,rerniniscenta"), existi o diferenti fr-rnd:rmentalri,
o diferentri de statut poctic, abuzul de alegalie fiincl supr-rs
dirr^rortc pirtilc urrci rsplc critici.
In ace st context, s-i1r plltea, de asen-ienea, re conside ra dc-
ruersul ,,intertextnalizant" al iui Lonrazzo. Acesta se coll-
fornreazi p:rradigmei ,,mel/ifica mixtura", citati de altfel de
Lontazzo in'l'ratatul slu. A/cgctria Vizului clc Br-ue ghcl, in
schimb, se situeazi sub semnul buchetului.
Ar fi intcresant in :lceasti privinti si qtim cum ar fi fost
prinite qi comentate ,,Cabinctele de Amatori" intr-ur.r
rnecliu cultivat, sensrbil 1a cliscutia in jun-rl cliscursului ra-
portat. Sursclc sunt, clin piciltc, s:ilirce9+, dar un Mont:rignc,
oscilind intre apoloeirr buchetr-rlui gi acee:r a albinei, ne vine
- indirect - incd o dati in ajutor:
,,Scriitorii rresabr-ri1i ai veacr-rlui llostru, care in operele 1or
clestrrte se ser\resc de citate intre gi din vechii anrori pentrr,r ,r qi
aduce f;rimi, fac contrariu1."95
S-ar pire a deci ca prinirea unui ,,Cabinet de Amator" ar
fi intan-rpinat o o2lrecare ne?ncrederc. I):rr acc:rst;i ir"npresic
nLl este decAt superficialn. Ambiang:r eruclitii ;r epocii nu ir fi
putut plasa un ilscmelrea tablou sub semnul ,,alegaqiei"
abuzive. Ea se arita destul de atenti la accst tip de fcnomene
perltrL] a fi capabili si cieceleze adeviratele intenqii ce vor li
dat r.ra'rgtcrc unui astfel de t,rblou. Si citin, a$aclar, continlla-
re.r pasajulr,ri din Moutaigrr.':
1s8
691
,,p,mry)sal" EIaugrEtuory rnl perrraJeU .(tV.tl operd EIep yu
-,,otBroau1ayd -Jttonloollq"eJr ptrpnoriepeca-pnsrfralssoLJurnJin;uts-al(?aruirrlrEdr ulroqtryquooJiduat)
,,'eIEs .tolilli!/od E Illltlsoi gsrouoqel rS rtlop ltsrerr ut snrsdrl
nrnla:d'o1oo tS tlr'aleJlruta; luj Js a-rro rrills [.. 1r:ani
ptrlra-rl ad as"-onraEur JIJEo+ alatrn tnzr^ atr-rrds irrir:lrdruol ep
urr rS
dnlr ur rrrlqnd as e.rEJ aprleilclLtror nr urrursrl a-rE l-trr ?lsretV.,
jf3 66. Orispin tlc
1)assc, (irirvrir.t
'.1)0\"uvF t' dc titlu penrru
"r, . 1,, r. i 4'-ft { llouquet dct plu
l,tLlts llturcs dt
r,, iill$l; I'iLorlucntt,
Paris I 624.
t
I
'-tg"t' .1t
;t,t 't.)
/l
'I, *{
hD."
*:k
I. -al ; i'!
1ui Justus Lipsrus porrtc li cie aser.t.rcnca rc\-ci:rtorc. L.ipsir-rs 5
era lr.rilcstrLll spiritual al iui Ruberls (cirrc, se $tie, a col:rborirt
la tablonl cle la Praclo), ca 9i ttl unei intrcgi gcnerrrqii de lit-
crrli 5i .rnigti ll,rrrr.rrrzi.
Pentru monrelrt, cstc suiicient si ttot.1t.t-t, in chrp cle ctttt-
ch-rzic irr aceste consicler':rqii, ci Brue girel 5i Rubcus opereazii
in Alcgoria c'le la Prado, pcrltru a nc confornr:l lcxicului
cpocii, ca niqte ,,buchcticr-i". Dar atunci cincl ei ,,aleea"
16C
I9I
(tg ''rjlqtarH ue1 Inl r-rado ardo;de rollrnplrirv eluazat4 'suJqtrx rnl rsr-l
'tuaurrueAa rnun raJEJqelal rJ ',,pletcrd aua1e3" pldulrs 'sla-\u\
o '-repese (etse nrr
InolqEI 'il).to1yutp apt,totyd sun) e) etern '.ulc OEI x OCI
-EIoE rurueun 's.ra,Luy urp rnlntueruour E riptrieuosrad ueru 'urual gzgi '/srr{,
taP u.Da sl|auf,o.-)
rarrn ruale8 uJ 'gI9I ur 'tna8a-r 1n1dnc ap ptpnrreJe vtrzr,\
'I\) geBZgI uJ rqrreH tHl pl.talr.)
pturzatdat'(Ol'89'L9 u€^ uellrlN ep
'tqrltl i
Llt,\ ttl)TllA /tl
tetcrd '$aa51 np uaa sqaurc) t%l ltt toututv ap fllauxq"J
iaptluarutuala IJE]LIazarda-r taun eercotre| uI reLI
-opueqe arsa crro8ale pueld prrel rJunte plduelur as a3
p18eu4 ap Inuralqs 1S qage EIrolsI '5
.lErnl
-ctd ,,nr8a1r,ro1;" nn El ftrtrJ arngJJl ac 'rarloaloc lr-lpluaza-rd
Jrloqurs nrper un EJeluoJ otsnpuo) n1l Euoz ulppualuq8 ut
tataoDal e uac rS 11d7:u1 rnl Euoz rrJ rnlnlaq3nq uiuaza;4
alallraulnrtsul nf, 'plurza'rtcdr,arot 8naolelqatrtlcatsloactro',p,rlarlfluqe1trlqdrnupoucr"
etsa rrp 'ope-r4 e1
ap nuo7aly ezaua? ur trpnra rnlnsrnrsrp
IE JrJoletaur Inl€uasJe ap recn( Inlor erzrrard nc teurru;atap
ap 'neac-rn8dagtsgou'rnaul ruqrleo1-pnu-seorldr-orlo+nscuaet-ur1tn'r.rrJaor;nuqoonrIrr ezvauorlty
w/oJuppry
ta
6lJ. ViLlenr van
Heccht,
cletelir,r clin
figtrra 6/.
de tarbloul de la Baltimore analizat r-r-rai slls (il. 63) Ei, in-
trucetva, de Ale goria Vizttlui de la Pr,rdo. Diferenqele sunt
insi notabile: in t;rbloul dc la Baltimore (il. 63), cadrul
colecgiei cra fictiv, iar prezenla Habsburgilor, sir-nbolici; in
cei de ia Prado (il.61), interesul alegoric estc explicit $i
Arlriducii nu slult prezenli aici decit ,,in imaginc".In Cabi-
netu.l Vart der Geest (tI. 67), in schimb, irltercslrl istoric pare
a fi dorninant.
iutr-o biografie ;r lui Quinten Metsys publicati in 1648
de F. Fickaertes, putem citi ci Arhiclucii, cu prilejul vizitei
lor, ar fi incercat si obqini de la Van del Geest o Madoni a
acestui pictor. Metsys se bucura pe atunci de un prestigiu
aproape nritic, fiincl considerat fondatorul scolii de pictur:i
din Anvers. Arhiducii au ficut aceastl cerere ,,apro:rpe iu
public", poveste$te Fickaert, clar proprietarul a refuzat-o cu
162
t9r
Inolqet urp nrlrtap un purorprrr rda-rp rotlll?r? lnta8ap nr)
lnln,runoriraior eaurpntnr.:nolget rnlsJtr 1n;nI ur 8o1uip un
RI rrrrlJroplrreu uiElsrsv's,,i.sta1z,q ap aiant 7t) ptuonaJ r,rqalao
gturza-rd JI tsJJC rep ur1 ac duirt rrr 'rlrrrduroo alrqolr rJrrn
liunurror-llrrdruLrIu'rtrrllluJzraHSrLEm]^rquereslllrrrSl\ t"raqly p!,r as 'uErrrts r1 'rre1d
rnlno]qrt IntrJrqns
all trrruras
'a1c1rra-rrdr ateol rdnp 'Jrntusuol postda rsary 'rrSaldor
IJ rE-l 'gproprrr r-rr1 'J,rrl .t.rrrouud alr-nt,ror\r+ trJOp !t.rr
n-rtrrad tss EO-rrqrlr snso-rd rrur prrurrnd 'rtncpl Jlttrlrqrurr o
'lJ9El'Pluriol
'toTtltt.
r'(os^,rr.r) n1t:
rp rurFutl n,rtrr..,
trutJl ur tln.\rj:
't-tts^r1 otFror.l 1;,
'u0{l:Itvi Tl"Nolir:Av
5O13lA 'SOX:r\ ASStiXSd tOH
3{v&NJlN ?Llil50S 3VH
prezentat, cu mana stingi pe inrrni) o dor-edeqte' Substanla
iialogului r1ll poate fi insi ieconstituiti decit in mod ip_ote -
tic. Textul defa citat, pubhcat la peste treizeci de ani dr-rpa
vizita princiari ti dupi douizeci de ani de cAnd Van Haecht
o t.p.btet-ttase in tabloul siu, are urai degt'aba a-erul-unei le-
geude fir.rrite ulterior, construitl cu tabloul in faliee'
Si-l examinim aqadar.
El ne introduce in interiorul unui cabinet din Anvers de-
scris cu iux de aminunte: o incipere inalt5, luminati cle
doui rnari ferestre duble 1a stinga Ei previzuti cu o uqi l;r
dreapta. De plafonr.rl casetat atArni Ltn mare candelabru ce il
amrntegte pe acela dtn Alegoria Vizulwi (ll. 47). Peste pa-
truzeci de iablouri sunt agitate pe pereti sau asczate direct
pe podea (11.67). Nurnirultablor-rrilor aqitate este net dor-ni-
irarit: ele acoperi nu nutnai peretele tapisat cu piele, ci 5i
zona cuprinsi it-ttt. corniqi qi pplearfeotne.luSied.geisaernsbce, l.edepairsteimaele-
nea, $1 statLu: gase sunt adosate
uqii; altele, de din-rensiuni reduse, au fost a$ezate pe consoli
sau pe rnese. Vreo trerzeci de personaje se afli in Cabir"iet,
formind un mare portret de grup. Cercetirile cousacrate
identificirii lor au det.uonst.at ci aici este vorba, ca si z-icern
asa, de o ,,colectrie" a celebritiqilor care au vizitat cabinetul
Van der Geest in imprejuriri qi in n-Ionrente diferite'
Daci mar adiugin-r renarca asupra caracterului selectiv
al prezenr.d,rii in-iaginilor (lipsesc cel pugin doua tablouri im-
'pm&trntrrrertd"edRin.rfceoellesigt iuen, meutionate de surse: o Predicd de pe
Gr,idina MtisLinilor de un
Cbristos in
pictor din familia Bassano), ajr-rngem si binuin ci atit gru-
patea.pe.sonajelor, cit qi aceea a tablourilor respecti ni$te
crltefll preclse.
Tabloul nu intenlioneaza insi si transpuni eveuinentul
istoric in ale gorie. E1 tematizeaza dialogul ir-r sensul cel mai
deplin al termenului qi poate fi consiclerat drept cea mai cle-
,raii coucretrzare vtzttald a poeticii conversaliei potrivit
cireia, reamintesc, stridania citirii, dezbatere a sociali 9i
n-reditalia istorici ar fi trebuit si {uzioneze. Tipologia
,,curioqilor" nu pare si fi constituit interesul principal a1
pictorului. Ei sunt totuqi pre zen1i, dar forme azi nigte
grupuri de irnportautri secundari: lingi fereastri la stAnga,
in jtirul globului 1a dreapta, in jurul uesei in ceutru. Per-
sonajele de ."t.,.g inalt sunt plasatc in primul plan la stinga.
in afarl de A16ert, Isabela qi Comelis van der Geest, au
putut fi recurroscuti: Arnbrogro Spinola' ilrvingitorul de la
Breda, Nicolas Rockox, primarul oraqului Anvers, Rubens
care converseazra cu Arhiducele, Vladislav Vasa, vritorul
re ge al Poloniei (cu pilirie pe cap), care' se $tie, nu a ajuns
164
q9l
&3,-
E3of,E 3d -rotBzrrr,rdJns poru rrr atsatu[Lr? o Jtr ,,1]AnJnportur'< '79 u,rnBrl
aibunj o a,re uoprdn) n3 Irdol IalE pJ tIlEaJt Lrr Lu?tou ES rrrP nrlBtaP
'rJIaqESI tEdueur rroprdn3 crtu
'1rl rarll
uIonprtIrarrlzLarI;dtsrareaCJcfJ,a1pacuuErArSrns1dsrrralol4darrnrl u?^ [rallrlN 0l
Inolqut ur1 a-rur rrdoc
ats€ounJal es E trJop
p-S'(BZ9I ur rrl;n3 p -rolcrd trrra^ap v rep'gI9I ur s-ra^uv
rl Ia rrrrr ?lJE es nu a;rr) IcdO tre6(y791rrJ tgJap s,ra^uv EI
:r tinirulr,ri prezcnt iir prinrul ;r1rrn clin stinqir, ilin t.rblc,ul lr-ri
-56), srriinro$Lli ,,in neg:rtir'" el ,,C.rbi-
Frirncois ljuneI lI (il.
ttctcl.t' rIt' A rtt,tl.'r'i".
i,' qILrl,Ltl ac ina('ltJt,.tt'.1 Ilt.I\.1 r'cllLl,ll.t, .t l.tttttt l i i,lcrrr it i-
r',tt r',,1r'cliolr,tr'ul Pir'tr'l'Sl('\('rts 1l,r crtrr'rtt;t,ltc.l tllr',t1.1.1,,'11
Lur nlic p()rtret ir-r nrini), I'clson.rjr,rl irtqetrr,rnche.lt ilt c()11-
rclrplalic in fl'rg.r unui f.q'is1j ,-1c.[.ur \.j]dens ar li V'ilcicns
insn5i, in vrenrc ce Irr.rns Sur-dt--rs (1.r p.iL-i.r...1e lr"ri FIcrcr-rle
Farnese) ;;i Hcnt|icli val1 ll:rlcn (1;r c{rcapr.r s.r) rr,r iost re-
cLrlr()scLrt; in-glLrp'tr.rl ,,cr-rrio5ilor" din prca.jma elobLrlLri. Aici
.ticrlt dc-.t litt' .'rl llti r.ltcir,r'ii c!.rrti,rl.' tlt 1,t'r'rott.tie:
r't1 l-t r.'tli, 1)it'tuli.,1111.11r't'i.
I )acri n c cr)nc clltrinr .1cLi1l ilsr-rprrr tlbl or,r ri lor r-cprczcn-
tatc, \-onr rellrrlrca nr,ri intii ci V:rn H.rccht, ;'rscnctri cc]or-
1,r1ti ,rr-rtori clc,,Czrbinutc rlt'Anr.rttrri",.r clct,r5;rt o ser-ie de
irrr.tqirri rlirr lirr..rrit.ll(.I c\lrullo'ii. lrr irrlrirttrirt.r ],,l tt'L lrriit'
de .rscnreni ciut.rte - in pri nrul rincl - elemcutclc unr-ri rlis-
CLI rS irltcrtcxtllill.
Ponrincl de la stinga sprc clre :rpt:r, prinrcle irn.tgini p'tc
crrrc le intihrinr sLult ,,CLlpiclonul" qirrr-tt osteurrtir rlc r-rnr-rl
dintre ncpotii iui V.rn der Gccst ;i nricul tirblou cLl 111-]
btrclre t dc flori 1ir-rr-rt rlc Infrrnta ls,rbelrr. Aprrritirr s;tin incipit
st' t'rplic,i itt ttt,,d r,.'r',,sirrri] prirr top,,' ul tl, i.t trou.tl. l)e -
siqr.rr', mlrlt nrJi inrp()rt;1nti estc M:rclonir 1r-ri Metsr-s, c:rrc sc
al'l.r irr Ct'ntrLrl VIr.rrirnir..licl,r,r'Gl.rc'incsnttlro-ripqrcruzpin,tl.ci pr't'r,,rt,rir. Allre rt
o c()ntelnpli, qi o cortreutcrtzi.,
I{ubcns pare ir f.lce ;rccl:r5i lucr-u. Asistirn rrstfel la prezcn-
tarerl unci ope rc clat()r-rtc 1()lldi1torului lcoIi cle lrr Anr-crs gi
1a o ,,conveisalie " :.lsLlprrr :rccstei ()pcrc. Cel rttrri lrtrtre ertist
L()lll( lll|()l'.trt, l{Ltbt'rtr. p.l;tit ip.l l.r c.l.
Contirruintl lectr,rra cirtre drcrrptrr, intilninr o ,,NirtLlr:i
mo:rrti ctt mainrute " ir-r nt,rnierrr lr,ti Irrrrns Snt'clcrs. Er.t cste
prcT.cntrrti de ,.r fcnrcie corpolcnt:i, iclcntilicat.r ca fiincl
ijurictu:rgt adcl;urice\,-sirtnt:crlbelroGLrcicnstin5liairt--rrttrc.nricrcle:nr tirn.rtcai-gtsicnt i,irtc,ets.-ttrdir'.r.rcIl.oi,lr,-ri1i
aviud vrcur.r r()l - lrc scapi. Nu estc c.rzul t.rblor.rlui c.rrc sc
sprrjirri dc el 5r carc rcp.ezirtti o Darttc. inpirtsi irt pr-inru1
p1an, in centrLll intrcgii conrpctzitii, rtceast;"1 irt'r.tgine cste
serrrrr.rri ri dl.rr,r: ,.\\ illcrl r.r'i H.r.'e Irt, l{'1s". I-,t t'.tt'. l,ttrt
cle tabltru itr ,rnsar.nblLrl s11u, ,,tt scrtrtr:itLtt'i" cn abimr"' si
re anriirtc$te intrucitvrr accl incipit t\tn ()alt't ia ltri Maririo,
desl',re c:rre anr r.'orbit dej,r. 7 L .Jerr \\ rtrrr,
i)e as,-,1-,ra tabloullri-senrn;ituri, o fila sc :rfla in echilibru .'17'clL.;i
precrlr: este o grar-uri dc Jan Viericx reprczelltindr-r-l pc
'Afpalr:c1iirta6ittno:1dn.rrulAteriineurzrs,titzi,tiitrnttitrt.r1rna'tciArrpei'(ci;tl1rlal,'ts2di0nr.'7tJilmt)e.p,lrt!,ciccr,iroeLPi()i.tc.llstcct.iactLizl'l,riiL'.tp'lee.,iCi.l)crac.mirce- (..ii7;/6.i\/rr. i Ll eL.I
t reirlc .r sccoiulLti
rl XVI lt'a, clcscn,
,\it\!t\. \tit1(LL
(dac.r nu cbcia) tabloului 101. Jc1.nx1i2incl vizit:r sltveranr-tlui N'[rvcr r'.rn clen
l,Crqil.
t66
LI) I
| ':r i
w ..n:-. .i. {frll "
.'" "qil . :"
, /.#,,l' ,'-Ti-''. -1d. i
qIq r\i: ,:-', ! .',
I ',!i'" 'ftY,.; .t,,
iil \-$ *.,rai.*"4l*r{,
'
i,
s\ 1\ f .
':.9 :\!. +'a"r'
Iz .\.'s) :
:"f
.'
'\\*{d '.t\", i; i
s-; I.t- ;r-'
t.'
ti' ;.r \E."." .
t,
iIi*,*. .+{Y. .t.;. Ad' ,
ri.i-
iI$'
/' r".
i,'ri.t"" *n
rl
Ji) trurli-rdS rLilrl rrrr]rtLtrri.rl1lc-1rt|irt.trltrtotl.rrrrI-t]rlsilltlJ'(lrr:lrc_l (tc'J9.tlrlsLIlIrIJ)ttl.lrtlut'lPltl
-.rflrrr r' -r()ttutI
Jls.) i.l11(ls rJtJ(l-lllirUS Irl lrtrlsrr Ilrrl+rr lr.rullls^-IJ.\) ,, 1tlJ.r,).1"
1r(rl(lf I tll] )ls'-i su,)l)ll.\\- u|I JP t.iotlrtL,',: /,'I .;'i;r(1 Liir 'LIilrr\
lrll J1) lllLtl,)Zt.l'uttttl|lrtt'1tt,tt:.t,rrttlt l.tllllllIlll()1 ,)tI !.rtr(I
. s.t 1, t),) l.) 4
.tp llr.r()l rr rlsr-1r1,r\tLfr,tirrlL) 't'Ltrr,1llutrlJrlllrrrr(laris(lr r trll(l
-,/r' r-lLr,n,,,Ilrtrlt,irt,-rtrtrs,l(gl,tr"l).1) tcirro-ttlL: -.
ltOi(lrrl
-r.t
ltr-'s tttlltlftl()tlLl,)LLI r t.t,ritil).1(1Lr LrlLrllt,rtLII tt 1 )ls. sll Js ra I\,)ll
'rs"n:^ur la trl lll.r,)lFl Lrrr \ Iltl t: ulslsl.r,tLrtt Jlzltpr (r f .r l.rtIi t'tfl
-r.rrJr.ILtt ll Jl|()cJ nu r.l 'su,)r-lt])l lrl J,iJIltiti.ll () t+ .rr \.)LIJt,\\
Is.1.lf.r lLl.rtl-IJIJ llll
r11l l1,ilr.\r-ri !t 'sin^lu(lJr..+lnlrl r.'rriIrlllLlll rlrr()cJ I.rltI
!lsrxr nlr ,r1r(J n-rllrad 'rr-i:r ,,sr11,lclY ll-l()tI(' (lrrl
-rrtl lsrrl r tsJar) .r'J,.l,),,tsr.r1r,1\1f rucl]Jyt.tltlqllt:'I)r,)l,,rrfrr'.Jr:rur.I\t]llttllr,crjJrrt.tltl)orrSLll1ua]Pr1"
i jrtitltrs r.tpI113 ll
rr.r !'ll.l(lJIir r.l) lr-r11 tqut.)ru ,rtri 's.tlr 1',)ll)Jr |.r lr-lill-lLslJrllrtr!sl.llll-,I\l1)rlYrl
llI(J '-^trr-1111 lllltrglS ll)
ril
lirl) -i()il-iol.rid r,rp1rr1i Tr rrr,LrtolrO,rllc1itlO'rLtl;ttP"ll)1ll-,irilrlrll,))1tIr[fii,..tl])r'1slriIlJ(l)i(rlIIc'oill.5llrltllr!lr(rr)lsLi(:rrlL1r1lrl1,lr1.l1ltl1l'rl
'rrir-:l1rrrrd1,.)rLr1ll1t1ls1L, rlJ'urnrl.liq(,)r1qr,.r.
-.,rtr'itt\ 'llJ u11 .rlLII '!tt)l.+J,r t',rll \Ir-Il 'lrrl.rltl ItlLlll lll,lJllllrr llI
peisaj ii proiectat citre privitor sc afli o r"nici Judecati de
Apoi clatorati lui Rottenhar.nn-rer (datati 1598, astizi la
Munchen). Ce sens poate avea aceast;i evocare a ,,sfirqitului
ve:rcurilor" la sfArgitul galeriei ? I'-.ste oare o int,inrplare filp-
tul ci acest tablou se e;se$te acolo r:nde se incheie
erpozigia? Greu de cre7,Ltt.
La fel ca Ei l)anae a h-ri Van Haecht, ilcest tabiou r se
adreseazi in mod exclusiv 5i direct pnvitorului. Ill il con-
stringe s;i stabileasci o par:rleli intre :rce asti inragrne-linriti
qi tot itinerarul pc c:rre 1-a p?1rcu1-s prir.ind g:rleria. Icleea nn
cste noui, desigur, 9i line de traditra c,rrc-l obliga pc vizit:r-
torul-cre clincios si. arllnce o ultinr:i privirc Judcc,iyii dc Apcti
;1tu11ci cincl p,irisc:r o biscrica. I).rr sprrtir-rl pc carc-1 vedenr
nu este o biscricri, iar privitorul nu cste, 1re;1p;rat, Lrl1 cre-
clirrcios. Spre a gisi un rispuns nrri br.ur l;t;lceste intt-cLriri,
trebr-ric si re laccnr itinerarul pr-ivitor-ului gi si pirisinr
prinrul plan pentru cxpozili;r in sinc.
Inainte clc :r irrcepe, incii cloui cuvinte cle sprc tlci tirblour i
af ezatc pe podc,r, in planul clin 1und,r1. I)n Pe isaj cle
Mostacrt (rezer-rrat cle bufet), o LcpLidtlre ,t SJ'intu/t.ri Petru
de Seghers si, in sfir5it, clcasupla st:rtr-ri1or, 1ir-rgi usr1, o
Sccni dc interior, nciclentrficati, in nrrrniera h-ri Sinron clc
Vos.
Nu pot r.cdca r-rici un rncsaj ap;rrtc in irccstc imaeini, cle5i
cle,ru lilst snlul\r' lirrerrititii 1.,rr.'rr|sUlrri .'r1trrner:ii. D.rrr'
.9ccna dc intcrictr - al cirei original nu a fost gr-rsit (czrrc poate
nu a existat nicioclata) - pare a proprlne r:n joc cle reflexe,
repetind, in rnini;rturi, dispune r e ;r c:rbinetLrlui (icrc:rstri'r 1:r
sting:r, usi 1a clreapta, lustri atenratir cle plafon). E;r rcanrin-
te$te astfel ,,cirbinetele cn ttbitnc" clespre carc :ul vorLlit
deja, sinilitucline relativl, ilrtrllcit t:rblourile sunt irbscntc.
Dc-;rcun-r inainte l1c puteur consacra spatiului clc cr-
prlnerc propriu-zis. Dispunerea inraginilor pc pcrctc parc)
ca de obicei, si tini rnai nrnlt cle h.rzirrcl dccit dc critcrii cr-
plicite. Ge nr-u-ile sulf t alleste c;rte, f colile dc ,rscr-ncncr;
cronologi,r qi iconoerafi,r nn par si jorrcc Lll'l mirre ro1.
Anr vr'rzut cri, chiar: atllnci cincl pictorul dct:rqcazi nigtc
inr:rgini din scri;rlitatea expozitionrlir, $,rnselc rlc :r rcg,isi
firelc r-rnr-ri c-Liscurs contilllrLl 5i c,..1.'111 sr-urt minimc. Inse -
rarca, in inlrinluirea inutginilor ciin plimr,rl pliul, a Llnor
tirbiouri prccLun l{atura ntoartti cu mainuSc sau Paisajul cu
',,,|rtritot'i llLl are (pentr-r-r privitorul clc astizi, cel pr.rgin) nici
Lln serls epilrtc, 5i cstc greu de cre zLrt ci e rr Va fi irr-ut vreunul
pentm ccl din epoci. Accstc im:rgini nu lilc clecit sir ir-rtrc-
rupi ritnrul, alcituit din alr-rzii, din tlimitcri si clm glose iru-
torcflexive, propus clc seritr principalil dc ir"nasini: Mirc'lor.ra
1(r8
69r
aa1--es1-prJj-apr(SdnlJr-o?JrcJs,rrrJ+L1olrrnrrgJrr1nr8erJrorrpr1ldprrrogra1rt)n-sr[urEqrp:gtrsrarrtaasJadzopro-d-'rrrrrerdeuiJarlrr-rtJtes'l]suJr|rJrarl!Sr-rirIJrtio-lrisiLJdrJLpstrIuEuurl,trrruSr?Ia\ooC,-ra:tIr'-J'zaurltlllrnru.lreIr,-clrrrI{lo-?uarur1ollInirr'fLrr!lttrrl'q1oattr'plc1:ul1.{nr1Juo.1-p.tdJ)t
-r,\r rrr ,rt:p 'gtrirzr,rd ra rS JlsJ (-r.rLLrrJrlslq (,rJLrrLUrilrrettoll)
rrrrur-rlfi nls (rrrorrrplo4'orr rr rl) r:rrtr1u1r u.t ulrt cJ',r n.3rsa61
',,tJrrrqBJ" rlltsJru alr Jlurl-rodrLII Itrlu JlJl JIIlIlsl-IJllll,Ilrl
Irrns 's-IJ,rLrV rl Jp r:1lorS u,rlurcl !1:rracls Jttntirtarti o_ nl
tr:1ap1:r,lrirqr-ror1rl-,l \rirlrralrpl-"r Jpufrutll ir"rntrtcl e;l
',,srrarlng a-rt:ldlua
-xe rrrnJ,r tJt.Ir lfl't.t1t3tr sJ-lJltII ls^Jf,V
'tl:,i13 rrr,r rirf t1l t !l)/rat !f L)teut),I Jp !rutLrJZJ,rdr,r uart
-JlLrJs^rl JP Jl5^J rJ uprrrurrrll t.rnrrrd r.rds;lp lt3
Ip*'lE,lrc;r.r:7r:'^rnrtrlr-l:i-r,,rrrJlrdoyrucrJl'ssrsrr^J.'trpror-1rr,gurrro,'rrDrdrr"sl,rrtlJr:l,'rrltrtr-nguurr1nu-rrr;ir11rrr-r5irrllrd'.rrt"'',(11rXr,r1fun1,t1rHrprrx:nrlI-^nrI[ZlInJl:lPJs]Zsr!rJlUulfor..tIsI+rt|tiJ.l]tJusllPJvrtUsuUlJ]dEtIT)-rruI-tAtllfua,Xsc1t[l
IentsI^eIr'rln],ero"rtlL-rropdrio1-;nr's^r^z,i-srStalw'tr'rso.IparN:yttV1)rrr-rIpnortlsqtrl-lrtIJJ,Oll LnInl lrt;zold
att-Iolrl')
Irms laurqrl Lrr alnrn;,r,ro1a-todo Lartlt,rolt:tu',tr'rapr-,tlrt1
,t].\I]1]]IJILILTTJS JI]?.)IPTII O N] J]T].+
E*ep rirJ^r rrrr !r rurzrlrra,r 'autdtt:ltluV JrttoDtJ stl-tv .toj
--Lu1VI.uVm]J1P11I-nrollc_lrlu.lap-rra:1pra--tr;.rod )s l\.)r5.r.J.l.tt-t )^IIJu,I0J -ILrI'S-Ia,t
rlrp -IrC 'JlrrrnLLroJ arr rrlJ-dsrrscr",Jlrrlnrp!is-urrradlIusL'J.(IrltrqoltralI+rL-rrtc)lt.nIlIrltrIl-tIr.iJ1al1t-lIIanlIrSclnUll uourJrFrrr-utrrr1rt,a1trl,1ututtc.r{nIrt:l
rrr a-rfl'nolqrt rnlsalr 'zz9i ulP lllrlEP clsJ LLIIrP-rrlsLLrv
,\norLr ar n,rtrrad 'tlrf,trll
Lll[) rUn,lillrLrsillry l'I l./r_'lsu llt'Ut'llt)[qt'lilll\,).1I'I"'iltll\.1,].\ o
'1.r1rl'.r['S,.lt tttrrd 1'4.(Dt )f Iusttrl tltl .)lsq'.t,,1tttlt'ls tr.tdns
-rap 'qSn tFrrr:1 'rlcIr:a,rp trollllrrLro-nxJ uI JlsJSrr|i Js^ Eap-locJ nf
nolqrt tlr uf l 'rluu,rodu-rt rzrlrrrlqns IJ ltrllpu lnrrap,IJd ,rrrI
'ttttpa"Lrl rrtuJ-rnruol Jfrrl ra 'a1us alrrrnrsuJLUrp uI-rd 'trtJpa,\
rrr rsnd !^lrlnJlLrr alsJ (rrJrllrllW r] rzltsr llrrllu) 'pzrrgd
IlsrJrV 'lt-urrJr Inlnolqut r:3rtt.l'^ r1 'srteqng ep .to/auuoz
r.rp,rad nl nolqEl ]nlllI-Id '.t<11 t,tdns^r lrtaut
--o1L2LrurvL'r!lr/prutulscJoo1as^lJr rs arnqa,rl 'a,rrllulslp JIIuLUJS ap 'r-rnzrl
galralrrJs? ur 'uunraplollrr JdEO,rdB rq-roA olsJ runJ 'eap,rad
o ntr atnzrla-rd tuns ai-ra1l3 rrr asndxa rrnolqrt atle r$ 'pirr
-]plr rsoJ rr rrrur--rot e-rEr ap,ra^ unrap,rad uud tS ?lrILrIIqr-rs elsa
'uuo,.ot.N1irpuEr^q.rLoLiuPpirv.'a.rP.,lvulosJla.rzt'atrcl f'l.ruriu(lro(ll
llrrrlrodlrrr rn.rrJ r]
,:ria,t,1
i,,1,, turJs ,
l.rJlqns n., rzrrud Jruur o !luzisr: JlsJ rrnrtlJ e.rdrrsr,-,ir'r.)jnq
u-ondrnutastrIrnorrtl,r,arJf,outpruertVurzaapr,drollsaJraJCUrrqaEpJL" IpIAarErnlri-rpo(r1tuarr3'.rtre-r
sallad, y'luarrurl-rrirnll.urrar^8u'orgrlcma1rgr rcdy ap uwtapnf'ntpuaxaly
i LrEA Iltl v apu?1e 's^isla14 rn1
ccntc 105 ilLl (le nronstr:rt c:r el (lcLtpii, sr,rb rtt,ri rtttrltc rrsLrc.tc,
nn loc;rparte in grrlcric. Crsa lur Vrrn dcr Gccst, nunriti
,, It-rrpirrrttrl" (clc' Kel,scr), din c,rLrz,r r-ttrci statui rr luri C.rroi
Qr-rrntui cc sc riciica la iutrirre, cr.r ccle[rr.i itr ept,e.r ]rcntrLt
ve dcre,r esLli)ra lluviuir-ri F,sc;rnt (sple Ntircl) oferita clc trcr.cs-
trelc s:rie. () scric cle clocun.rcntc e'r.oci rl vizita a Ar hr
ciucilol', rrvind ci, cpt scop cotrtcr.n;.,1,r'e rr ttnct cr)rnpL-riIii .rc
r-rrtice inci vizibili in t,lblor-rl 1r()str!1, pre fe rcastril'r'.
Pcisa;Lrl cle Vr,lncr, :rgit:rt pe pcre te 1e din clre apta (lrrtrlrrl
sr-rclici ir c:1sci) prczintri o r-cclcre. a l,ortttlui Anvcrs, :rrlici
tocnrai p.rrtcir oragului crlre sc intinclc:r incliritr-rl rrccstr-rr
percte. Pcis.rpl este, x$a(li1r, un icl cle ,,;rictnri/fcrc,tstr.;i",
carc clcschiclc q,rlerir pcntrLl rr rloi-rrt ()irri, dilr tttttn;ri cr-r,rjr-r
tortrl r-rnci inr:rgini.
(lolc.:tia st:tturrri pl-cz-ctrtir in trtbi,,r-r1 itti Vrrn Il:recirt estc,
Sf\t't'd,','r,L,it-. ,1. 1.i11111.i..{,tt,,t'.tl.i,,rrrtl tttrrsltttirii.rrrti..,
c:rnci :u'tci itelicne. Se Li;r cc.t nrlt inrl-r1,r1.utti estc iltr.rttrrti rlirt
Si'rsct nrirri stetui aclos,rtc pcretclui clirt clre,rpt,t, clc o pirrtc 5i
dc,rlt;l a r-rsii si c;rrc constitlur'r.111 lel c'lc,,r,nr.tgir-t irclr-rs rrrtci
i1ntice". Intcgr:rrca lor in tcsitLlra dielogati rt tablttulr-ri
umreazi un intrcg evantai de st,llrtii. De asr-tprir trrblotrlr-ri clc
V:rn L,r-cli rclrrezclltilxl Fcneia ln toalcti sc gisc$tc lcplic.r
trrrc'i strrtrri ,tnticc a lvj Vcnus si (.'upiclon. Ctrnt|.rr,t!i.t intre
nudul pictat si nr-rdnl scuiptat rlevir.tc' astlcl :rpro:11',c oblig;r
toric. Acc:rsta ilpropie rc, crrrc s(' inte nrciltzi pc clctelii (c,r, cle
piicli, gcstr-rl nriinii), rcie se in mocl cl;rr in lr.rrrrin.r tr..rrlirie i
vcchil..x' partttoni. T:rblor-r1 lr.ri \r,rn Er-cli ne rtrrttl, itrlr-tr
oglincl.i conr.exi, agi!ati Irr sting.r, ,'r vcclcr.- l.rtcr.rl,'r .r nrc,
clclr-rlr-ri, rc;rlizind:rstfcl ccc:.t cc se consicleril (1e oLricci l li rr
lacl^uri rr ;rrtci picturii: plr-rralit.rte ,r pur.rctelor rlc r-crle r.c.
ln secolul el XV-lc:r cleja, ttnranistr,rl itrrli,rn llaltht,lo
nr:rcrls Irrrcilrs, itr rr1 sitr I)e.,iris illustribrtstil, ii cotrsrtcr;r tr
paqini fo,rrtc importanti lui Jan v,rtr lrrrck, cn r.ur cloqtt pcrt-
tru ir sa I'encic la baic'. Fa.:itts sLrblinirr laptr-r1 cri, clrrtoriti
oglinz.ii, priviton-rl putea r,cclc,r rtuclui sin'rult.rn din lali ;i
clin sp.rtc (postr:rictre's c()r!t))'i_:_P,1t'I( s f cI spcctt/utrt picltrnt l,t
tcri opTtositrrtn ita esp?'(:ssit. [,tt ct lcrg,t q/t('/11(1drt()c/tttit pct-
l us aiclc,tsl:8). IclecJ cL)n1p.rr-.r!ici cLr scr-rlptr-rrr l-lr-l cstc
prezcntir erplicit in tc\tLll lui I'.rcir-ts: eir cstc implicitrr. Arti
iiciul oellnzii va..:lcve ni nr,ri tirziu u1r l01)o.!.in clczbatcre .t
rrsLrLrrrl slrperioritiqii picturii trqi clc scr,rlptr-rrilc'r. Pturcrc'rt in
lrar;rlcl a I'cmcii /a toalctii dc Vrrn L.vcli qi a unci strrtr-ri rr itri
Venus ave:l probabil drept scop si exirltc v,tlo:trc:t pictr,rrii
flar.nandc, considcrati capabilri si cotrcLtLeze cu Antichit,rtc:r
insigi. Acest ciialos intre tirblor-rl ltti Van F.vck i;i strltLii:1 .1n-
tichiz;rnti ate sti dii'ersit,rte,r pl,itrLrrilor pc c.rrc se m.rnile sti
mecanisruul intertextual.
172
III
,-J'-rxrsaoJpleraoL-rutruoErJt^lse'ossparnllrrraesu?c-Jrr1rLo-rrrlJnnrrzIlnIrtIAlVl rrIJrE.JrLnr.lllornrJ[tJJtJolJoJzuptoHisrl+nnLjrrtEt.pst.t\rdErlsJuJar:rIrEllrlrlniI6eJrJiurtnasn1Errl1rraJef.nrlrSilaqlpdr]s-^-zaar,aJr1rpga;
a-iec 'o;J51 rn1 r:rHr;a ;nrlrerts rrrLr trrerlrele un rlrr plsrxq
tI'tsniJrorlrEaq,Br(orlnlLgsrr)'r,p,rroer1lAr..{.roroSztorrr1Js1Jn.s{gialr1iswurrrnJSla,rGcor1rre1crerdpr^dfaos:^rra.zlaJtlSJ,e_n"it"t;roLsd'i;r:,aHLq'a;,1Ir_,g111,iis1,1,.;i4qil
Iu^nrilllorJs (llul()ssrUnlrJrp,r ILlr'r.:seillreJlrrur rtutBrSlrl?Jralr_jIJIAtpXotIl !nrUn.l)ntlorrlrrrsf
lllts,rlnl u-JP
t"I-'1ir-i1Idr1lrsr1rJsoueJurr!Jl'rslaonplrsslrcr{tosr1ArrIsrsnnalls1In.E)tfrlrrcrql_serrrqnJoJt;.udlunrr:SJj)srarnpJaSgiu-n(r)5iprilatlnrzsald,IrEdrnip1,rnllrl.rtr"sbrn-ridgrri
u' tz rte ruu 1J'I o I Ir IOr s o P t 1:i#J,itti'rt1, t;'i
ls o-tJ.V Jrr;r]):rl.rio:rr,.lp"
1 lnl Jlulllsng .rri.rod r,)JtloqrUrs
ttLJJllJs
l..J.rrr,)lo.lJrtu .)p u_usrou f,Jrt:JrJ.rLrr rrr er:r,daP n:rLr ls t,.rUr
JtsrJru rrr,'rlrrd .r16l'Jl)
qns rtnJsorrllJ SJJArig Jr lu tp nun J tst p t l ut t,j u//,)i, rl,)runu
rrrp I rnlnrritl5 rnrrFrurr
'ozztLLro-I rnI LrJ rlng
r:r_rap8
nf lnp JLr JJIJ
eluaza-r4 le u#tj)tr1 tnluptutl ,-1nrraiq,ls,;
e1 lnpue8
arlrarLrala nolQrl lsalr ur llsrxq
dJlrrqpa.lru'Ur1orrns.[tletr]rlssdnJaCru.EreInrnr-lrlrurrrru.ar'zlrsdar.lr-uprdolrrQu.Jlrryuzetrn.,1(rllcluit.{arn.r,sdrer.a9'ri"sd;=rl]nir:7lrr"srJrljnr.id)J'rjsr:u)i:l,,lt,rnljlyr.I,tJ,nr,nJd.rin,,rr'ls:r)i
tolr uu r rra z a.r
J-rE rrznlE
'srt1d rrr'r,
-rJP tn n
II
-r,rdtr.td Jl.rnrntr rJ JltnlL. o_.,rr_ryd l'tlc Jp td.ars,r u3'.1rIn]
-l.ilcls lt'.r.rr:sLt().1 JtS.l 131,1,r1Ub Inllu(ls !...at,rPtl d.rl) 3q1 .!.1lprn
au'rzrra11 'rorr-rnyd arilr.tnr 5p cof .it-r ,p rrr? uq,ro^ alsE
t\ :rl!J) 7- Y >t [ :yJri:i {""'"Yi
r.'rD ao rS o-r;-,y rn] Jlr_rnl
. t. I v d s EJ, lrod! AI ,no: ttnrr1rnlr rrto tI r
JS
EaJl tlrl Jd.L))Ju)\
-I--nr(slrrunorroq_Uz,n)El1teI)J(sl.utrt'r'oe.'.),rrrraJurlrrolrlrJrn-JnrlarlJrdrrruns€lsJu.rrelnreorrrllrte.orftuz',.drra:d.tt1uurcst,rut,..erarrpppaecllul.lrtto.rnjrlr:,.t)rn'tp.'n.tnlysslJJrsJr.SaJJnl.frtlJ"ol.spq:lLrr;ul,i;.rti,sll.Lr\tr"r-rl.rnrJ..rll
-ru,,reullnstrtnluuatedrlslsrtral'r.ls1(V'5.atr'(frlu,cerzalrondaqrsdlurar),r-,sraE'1rntS-arlrEdr-rneo:pxr1lroLtt1eorErr..r,ltrrernArrn.u.cszipr(ts.arse1u-nrru,arr-r^oreLa!rrpr)vzls)alr;rsoul'p#lrr.r8[r,njiIuanrtlnlhqn(Jssr.iLqraiarnHdgr
'ua cp r,rntulp'ts azntry.,,Jolaznrr p nlciruai.. un ad ei rzr:ju
6-,,u11rr11JllSnutailfop.rildt1l1,lu.u-.rt1ul:l,Z'r,npttllwn"teJr.uSpr,qtl.tEtrtlpJo..tr?ce1r--.r:tEgurotuLltrtpi1poJull?.o)J[ruJlylrJlC..tllrul.Jt,p,JrcrSuHnnoUre])r.n.lunltrusls^I
rnlnolqrl 1n[r:saru ur IOr aLLnrLrr, rrn urni r "rr:d rrirrri J:1r, iq
rnoartea lui Seneca era exemplul cel rt-rar clesivirgit de tran-
qui//itas animi (sau, spre a utrliza noqiunea prefer';rta a lui
Lipsi us, de ct tn sL an t ir ). Pr in rtrre.t sullete.rser eclrili blilti pc
caie o ruanifestase in tinrpul lungii sale a[onii, Seneca re-
prlrtase o izbindi asupril iui Nero 5i asupra llor-lii. Un
iablou atribuit 1ui Rubenslla ii arati pe filozof qi pe ir-r-rparat
intr-un dublu portret-bust. Antiteza intre linigtea su-
fleteasci a 1ui Sencca gi perfidia 1ui Nero este ilttstrati :ricr in
r-nod frapant.
Nonbntnia moridr, in mortc 'tita, oirtus immorta/is, Jinis
coTL)nol opus eta. elru clevizele nco-stoice celc mrri raspin-
ditc. llc popr.rl.m cartilc
cn et-nblcrnc Ei tratatclc cle trtorali
:rle epociirr-5. Erers;r lui Van cler Geest
(VM L'L.SPRI'l)
tine c'le aceast; traclitic. Ila trebr:ic citita in contextttl ima-
einiIor din carc f,lce parte (Ncro/Senccrr/Claniui Porur-nbel).
O ,rnlrrle anrbiguit;rie este ins;i prezenti. ,,Triuntful sprritu-
h-ri ,rsupra morlii" se referi o,rre la perso:rnil colecliorrarului
(prin jocul de cuvinte dej.t mcnti..rlt.ti) sxu este vorba cle tttr
nresaj'cr-r uu r:isr-rnet nr.ri anrl-,lr-1, r-i zin.l .rltelc 5i cLlltoilgtcrcrt
ca o rrilnifestare a spititr,rlui, cirp:rbrli s:i invingi tlloilrterl?
Aceasti exergi. este, cllrpi pirerea me :r) un rtc-s.tj crrnSticrrt
11111)11'x1g111116.
Sc gtrc c:i Van der Gccst:r pr-ts si ise gr,lr-eze l.c pt'ol-'r'ir
piatri funer,rri e pitaful urn"titor: ,,Ire ncit ,rccl.r al cirui sr-rflet
bdrhneqte intru Donrnnl, r'norrrtea estc slirqitul gi inceputul
victrii"1i7. Sc curloastc clc :rltfel intcrcsr-tl lui Van cler Gccst
pelrtrLr nrcmoria post Tnort€/n a arti$tilor in gcueral, qi pcg-
ir,,t accer a lui Mctsl-s in spccial. Tabloul li-ri V;rr"r Haecht
p(1o6a2te8),fiincocllasriede'VridltdcoanaLlncuprcoirlocgle
este plasirti ,,in I'ec1cti",
la ccutettarttl tt-rortii pic-
torr-rlui (1629)11s, cu prilejul cirui:r V:ur clcr Geest a clouat o
piatri funer:rr:i penti'Lr c.1 ,,rlrclttr)l'ir r,tnr,ti tttitcstru atit dc
ilustm sir nu piaiii"119. Drr:rr fi ,rbi-rz-iv si restrinqettr settsul
t:rbioulr.ri ltr un simplu ,,onr;rgilt echrs 1r-ri Metsvs". Accsta clirt
urrli ocupi, intr-idevir, ut-t loc .rplrtc itr c:rbirtct: cl estc
pirltrir miliari a ut.tui cllunr ce duce c1e l:r Van Evcli la lti-rber-rs
qi inca r-nai clcparte. l.stc clc.rjr*rns cle altfcl, s.i-i citinr pc \ rrr
tMancler pclrtlLur veclc,r it't cc mr"rsr-tri e rru cclcbrali artiqtii ca
" (g,root)
ni5tc ,,rr:rri ,,VtVf, sau ,,nobilc" (ctlcl),,sl.irirc" (gc.c'rt)llJ'
l)cr.iz;r
L'ESPRI7"' se irrscrie .lc rltfcl intr-rr
trircliqic a inscripliilor si ;r cicrizelor prczeltte in cirbinetclc
cpocii. Pc uga Jabinetuiui siu, tte splilte arhcolognl Pict'rc
Borel, se g-ciroslcc;cr toriainisncrciphliipc c;1re sc aclres,t,,curioqilttr" gicare
prez.enta
de ,,Ciimpri,Illizee, nrortii fiind
inviirgi aic-i printr-o nccron-Iirlrtic llciti' I21.
Vizut sub ,,,.est urrqhi, tabloul luri Vatr Haecht poatc fr
intcrprct:,Lt c,r celebrare:r triumfului spiritului :ls Llpr:i morlii,
172
Ltr
e-rlSrrarsdE'Ealaesnz- rlaep-rtioujd?tJJnusr atrod rcllr alr nlr JJ Eaar - ela arl
E[ eJsJpE gzualadr rrrp]rf, ecrlre-ld e1
alES alrrrralar -r?p 'rn1rr-rotrrd rr.-rlrnLlr r-ldnsr tJJrrp pttporliu
telunuord r-s nLr 'nrtS atec gdnp 'snrsdJ-I 'ES BeruaJA Lrrp
a1u;ntcrd rrlprrlentxarletrrr p r-ra8alalug aunq r?LLr raun EaJap
-aA lrr JII]prrJ arle rS rra;o aleod eu snrsdrl rnl Er,rrpueC
'(tuu,tat otsaqot) rolr,rn.rJnl eunrzaol EJp
!s e-ruo (oalraruJbjrarso)JrrpransJEluLUeTdoJrEE[rnn-ulrrrandy1rS'(rtcua',ruoa1]ry-r)nu:[email protected])
JrrrP.ro
s'oo-lrttJuJarJtsaudtrbyl -nlrrpur1rurtrrnra--[rutuorf,€'J1aInaloutndEsrrr'rtoalfrscrrpo]gssoarlLSr e Jp elsa
EJrlsrJal
- JtslPl's-rnJsl ''IrJnE1Jrur-r,lr.,JSE ln rr n pJrrn r zJo.r pzrJr.tJJ^n3 JJ .ro1r rd rr
-rrr.rd-u,rdnsr Jtlntu rEru rri reirrnrro.rd r-s snrsclrl'.rup
'gtuporcni pln3eJ tsoj ? nlr ,,aJcrJl-li psEoLUnJJ" ptseaoll
-rrrJXJ r{ JltqploiuJriil;t.r,lipl.lluIlJrrdJLrlilrJrllllllProllJlll ls YsPoilrnll JJ 'JlPld
JIJtdJJJJd El roIl.luip.]
Jes rS rolr.roln? rrlarr EJ-TElrld? 'asro,lpr .ro1r"ra.rrd tcr3o1 tS eeret
r-rolrtl:'"rol JlJslJ.\oltuoJ'Jllsuolr lollrll.\p.roirl r( rr-rntdel rrrl
luJJrqns e"tdnse JJlluu lJl.lozo1r.1 clrrLrrdo.a8aJalrrr a1 e r:irLrtLrd
nf olse alr tpJ ad 'aturzor-rnr rS alrtuaJlrrs nt ,_ro1 alaselr rS
rlrrnuzr^rp edLrp 'rrrrsrEj,t Lin-.rr,ir ErrrlpE u n.:rrrad t.Sgr'r,t,rl.ep
ut t3'ualelgrres rS'uIrro\ pqlr? VS | ' I serr:rpnf r( trrrr1pl Jp tEIp
Ir-rrds rrn n)'sr?rrrur p-Jrr JJ rlrnrdouterr)lpu.rrtnlulur r.urrJlJroJp.stnlilrsr,di lJl psrrrgrs3r.t;f
ai1''r.larnrrp ar1 '31aru rriar,t
u-rrurryolsry',[,rrrauns3ooF1Jp8nE-roJ-pllurrE"aJlnnL.,-lrJ]]rs.aJlJdudtu1snEnr3Jros1lndafrszloJultrlrnJlfr,Ja?Js-rJEJrl,rr:rzlnx,vr-Jes)tolurnlorjfJa?JjprrsJ,r,trnsban.,L:rrurst:
-dr1 snrsnf 'are-raprsuo: rir Etunl 'ea rS 'larro-gtsEoS ealrrnIqnar;ptearrlrEJLrIltsnl
-xel,ratur rnlnsrnlsrp E erJoJl o ptsrxa
'ra,(,,1ns-tncsrp" nES
r--',lun,r)D^.lrnirueulrorJJs^rur"JsenJnr;dJnsrs-ps.'rrrrd;rn.dur1,nl,nElsstnJrenSltolu.Esrrllur'Jtl1fp€prsltJstrruplleorrarrl.;.pJ6)rdtr]r'narJIE_JJatr.oow\:tcrto.st'uldo(plJenltuulloualldsqo,-,ynrltnrsrtJa3pSoln?r1JvpjoJtraJuISrc1t.taernprtt"EsrtartSriIztrlagrttytdit-:Jt'ruqorlt\t:rdz)ll
-uJZJrdJJ lrIrrJUrULtclnolJru:Snadre':rg1::afrplE1protrrnJrEu lu't-d.,;,.:r.i:-BrorruonlEr.r\rJrp.rEg_-rllI
-lrr luns
e.t (er"rr :pcrpe) Ets?afr tpl aLLre,rA utglr" :aJrot?rlirn eriducs
-ur r-npLrErnrqle '(69 'll 'B9El rrrp vrirpr) rc1t,tontd rc1t)at,1
r nltn rp rrrrr8rd ln-os;e^ td o-tesrld c ulrsen a-rel ad -rol
-'(ESUeEL,'U1JtS; ErrutfarurqrenrslunrclloeU;n.tarp;8rceccl1Vo-ai ipSeulai?crragpcielfoIr,n,ao;lqa?rat r]lsoJrrlrV"
ap dn1: ur ra:aund ap ptrlu,rrJuoc a-red ErltlJai EaLrJLLras?
O 'Jol ,ro1a;ado r rS ;olnSrue rer-rollraLlr rr,rp.rrspd ptrtotep
metafora flolali. Discursul cu ,,aleg:r1ii" este pentru Lipsius
o ,,gridini" in care clor.nneste ,,diversit:rtaea". ,,Curu trebr-rie
s;i se cite:rsci un irscmenea cliscurs?", se intrcaba cl. Schila
r-rnci tcorii a re ceptirii intertertuaie se rl:1ste o clati cr-r
acci.rsti intrebare:
,,C)pn1r-va pr.rlin in jr-rnr1 ecestor pelr-rze & boschcte de f1ori,
privili o pe ece;1sta care iese clin plstaie, pe cealalti iesind clin
hrjcrul sin, Ei pe ce:rlalti inrbobocind; r-edeqi-o pr ,1.1'.r5t.r c.1rL'
nro:lre clintr o clatil, & pe o .rlta care crefte 1a fel de repede, El
privili in vreun fel oarecare grij;r tt sirguir-r1a, fornr,r, {igurrr, irr
nrii c'le chipnri asem;initorlre & diverse. Si c"lre sri lie spilitLri
:rtit rle grcoi (z/lz t,tm ri,ticJ,t mcni), c:rre aflindr-r se intre io;1te
.rceste hrcruri nr-r se Lisir induplec.rt Er inrbllnzrt de vrctrn qind
delicat? Ochi curios (,.curiosc tu oculc'), trl esri ri.i, (,prc\ru rc o
clipir asr,rpr,r trcestor frr-rn'mseqi & picturi." ll5
I):rr, potrivit viziunii Iui Lipsius, ,,recept.11r';1 intcrtcrtrr-
ali" trebuie si fic urn-rate cle o ,,procluctic inrcrtcrtu:rli":
,,Voi, poctilor, cintagi nl1 i1lc1 Lln \rers ce llu nloare niciodatir.
Voi, cirtur:rrilor, f;rce1i aici frr.rmoase cercet:lri cY scrieqi. Voi,
Filozofilor, discLrtagi .rici clespre liniste, despre statonricie, cle-
spre vi;r1i & clespre 111611-1s.*116
Gridina-conrpilaqie devine un text irpt cle a crca o in-
trcrrqir scrie de textc rroi.
Estc r-notivr-rl pentru care A doua variart:a a (iabinctttlui
Van dcr Ciccsr pc c;rrc o va picta Van Hirccht - a$a cum voln
vedea la rlomentul potrivit - vi1 fi rodui r-rnei ristumiri:
Apelles r-a icaii din co;r1.r cle hilric crlc il adipostea,,r1itu,i
clc Carnpaspe si isi va instala $e\-aietul in mi;locul ealeriei.
,,Ochir-rl curi.rs" - cel al receptorlrilri, cel ,rl cre:ltornlui -
este alreninqat cle excesele propriului siu entuziasnr. La
Lipsius, ;lceasti constatare ajunge 1a o rrirturisirc prtetici:
,,ochiului curios" ii urrneazi ,,ochiul e[s5is"12/. Oboseala,
salietetea provocirti cle diversitatea insigi, srrturali.r cr11ro.rg-
terii sunt clcnrcntclc ulrei cr.izc cirre \';l pune cllrand i1"r
cliscrilie cLrltLlra ,,erudr1ici"l2t qi, c-r d:rt:i cu ea, te hlric:-r com-
binirtorie prczent;i in ,,Cabinetele de Amatori". Ceea ce nu
era, la Lipsins, dec:it un ser.nnal de alarmi, vrr dcverli, in :rnii
Llrmitori, Lln felromen dezbitut pe lare: existi oare in-
tr-;1clev;r cunoa$tere sau cloar sistenratizare a nolirlnilor
clobindite?
Cu Descartes, intrebarca prir-ncgtc un rispuns trarl$allt;
cJ va nlJr('a o sclrirrrbrrc dc paracligrrra, e rrrr' \,r .ult|e llir in
174
',,I-rolrLrrV ep elJtJrnqEJ" nr !ldurltu'^r.,JqSzIre-+rrrr'rlrrld
-cII.(Tlr)r..tqrtJLtoS:rlltrHtrlsdtrr-ti1lrrr'l:tJltrlt:ztrtrrirr-rn\r.zlIl*rrrrl'tnJdt.oo\rrpl:trr1tl\-n1JrxuIparr,1l)ttsJJ'()i,r,cd)-.lrrtot-'tllttntl'rstsJr.ittuJ|rr,rn.\rn'J:rtspnrlirJ.'rlrurl:./crrl1oJ,lly1ss'l1^',orl,s1lil'Lltrtrr.lrtltrrrtlJrrrrlIn.til.llnltn1.tlrl:
Ir-ltJI+ns" armcJo rr ipao',l.r)lrlrzqorrr,urltt'fsurfrrrfrt(LEltJzpour,rr,nr 3al"r'o6d-l,,ar)^unr.uu.Jr-orrpf
alSe-rods
rtt Eltp o
IIEOCI o clsa',rolrrrarlrEo Jo,rntnt rlrnrtrof J]sJ J-rrr'rlS r ap
rirrr-rop" :rJ polJLLr elJlrrntr rrr rtr nirrl lz;rp,,t Jlelrzount" ulrunrL)
-LIOI sal,Ilrl s JO' J ltlxJt,T Jltrr u JJuuoplit rlE n?s
t r pn-r r lt lnStrFql
l
)IOOISW -InIF{fO
ErJJt E saljEd
6lr
i3 aP EIDSa^Od Sat-rEfSJO Iltl Ell:r,r" atse nu 13 El n-rtrrJd
'stt.atraB zzr-s ar;t-r8orqotnr O 'alfu.LSotqotulp o efse - luropolu
rI-nrr+ltlxooezotrlrrr-jcrrEp1rZrrr?u8JdJrpn1ElsnorrrtrnrrdrlrraafJprrlrrrJroIunllrtLxprJnot rJprprunurqlls-lriaoup^rlqrJdJnaEs:JprIE^1t1uaa-sLLenrpENtpLrrrJnpJ
t,ITo,,p'EIJflLr'ra1rrrandr1rts:,arzar-uirg(1-1grrzorlrrluprlrs tEJ-rolur rut'lo_+ el rrr rrlrlr r ep
ts JrnqJ,rl
rS n-rtrrad ezJLlr,nt o
aiEJOrJ a-rt:-r ad rpoleru rrrr: aundxa r Jp olsJ nrr rlJnr 1Lr1cj "
's.utotst61 tr1 'r(ttiutut :faFrs^ rezelraE uawulat r-relo Ia
lt-ttu)d rytt8ty) utdst,l cp
uafi)utlttpLn
ttouJafip u1" ,Luod -s;73ay Lrr ),rpotJLrr" auildxa sJl,rEfsc(-l
-,, "-r!raprr uli rcla;p e-rrora o llrporJnr
Lrrunl r1u rr uLtErs rJ uro.\ lltlE\e J-rrllaclsa,i -ro-rt:l u ur,rc{'alduns
rS ot.raf rlnSa,r atsru trrns'rpotani rrr,rd I IFaiairrr JJ roJJ"
:sJl-Ills^J(J Inl rllIuIlJP rulllnf,sr rS
ya 'tapoJaur utdrtsp 1ar ',, i'r resTr.r-rErru",'r;,j J l',!,J?'i]';".i,',i :,?,,,.
elibdr-t 1'-r ;,tg 'sr:.tr
's.rnrsii,
s-axaFapariuau1iontsrtpt'uatbr;el naLrlr,rrtEnia'mtnulrlc,rrtldortt'uuJlr,crtE,lnrsduarrnpo'gctci?1"tartfoposaaT1tljs'a)arnu6blueslltl-Jaino.)l(sJ;r)ppuIlsnlsplvrsutsledr
'se)uans sal sullp
?a11p.1s),1lnLo)/J.s(Jt(qIt.e(JtEtl)lrltlJuu'LrlorsJtllullnasl ).utlpuoJ LteTq
,tttod apoqlau ,/ rorrn E qrirr:,r8
-atru at-rrd n ltgl ur 'IsJJ+l.trprJsaap11rnr,nrqldIr:,,vrqarunbour1r"dorl4rr1clrJur-rJr-rd
rnar,rLrlirr-irioo.++Lrro.tJJaIns'sctor'ltol,Icrlraf,,trsnlucorJgsr,:rrenaL,1rUrdas(pa1tulrnru1zdi,Jro.tstl6Jnlr)!rucerFtnJl-obrurotucdololroqi:llarrsurr7Eyrtutrup
(tc1so attisall) llao,/,O ttrlntuLrr Insrnrsrp .rdalrr I.r+rsv
ta'n,l,r-itg-dr-yr.drlirt1rtrer!pl;stErutJsrJlJrtrrr,ut\turlt:ttrjrrraralsrzrar1;rncSul;',trt1Eda-rls-nJt:tsrtr'at'ltsnl rrseoSltt:narlagdL;utrcrnnlrllJa,\l.s,1a,s'!Jr:,sritt.Jrl?]rnsl
JIJprrlrr] Er lrrlr+ 'atrtturnI ad 1r-rrrlro arr] es rs lrqrsod rJ -ru tlrO"
uqle ezuvd'I
lzurIBo 'lirPr{ 'unolqe L'IIA
insugi", ci do,rl o cxpLlrcrc il cvcniniclrtr,rlui csential ,ri lccs-
t,'i r itli: irt.ilrrii'.-.r \'u Lr,i11,,.
Ccc,r cc lllulinr astitzt ntise cn al.,imt'a fost Proicct;1t ilr
Ilrocl colr$ticnt de citre Dcscartcs c:r o structllr:1 sLrp()rrin(i
[)iscrtrsul, chirrr dacir cl tolose 5tc alli te rnreni slarr' .r (, \pLirrc:
,,...A5 fi fo,rlte bucr-rros si pc'rt rr.ite, in rcest rlisclrrs) c,1r'e sLrnt
c.iile p, .'alr' lc .ln') ulnr.u, si :.r nti l'('[)l ezirrt r i.rt,r c.r pc ll
t;rb1olr. . . "
$i :rutorul irdaLrg;i, clitevrr rindur-i nrai cle p..rrtc:
,,I) ;rr, rre p rrrp r,rni nd ;rceils ti sc n e re rl cc.rt .:r pr () ist,rrisire, s,rtr,
drrci pre ierritr, c.r pe o f,rbuli, , . "
Fa b rtl,l, I a b I o u, i st ctri s irt,, ,, cli scr-t rs lrI i]supr:t nretttcl c i " t'stc
o ,,reprczcnt:trc", in ccntrul circ'ie sc girscgtc' propozit irr 1r.rn-
(lilnrcntitli c:u-e o r.cflect:l in rrrinilir.rri: toqilr.' crqo y/))1 .
Orrrc cc rol jo.rc;i ,,Dist'ursrtl dL'sl)rc r,,chi" in rilport LrLl
,, [)i s t t r r ls t r n s t / p1' 11 nt e t rt d e i" ? D i o p t ri ca, r]e sPLllre I)esc;trtcs,
cstc Lrlr,,cse11" ilsr-lprir,,rlctoclci". 1'.;1 c()nstitLric r-rnrr dintrc
.rplicatirlc sa1c. Pc-ntrr-r a-i intelcqe scnrnific.rtil, trcbr-ric si
rrrri ziLrovim Lrlr nronrclrt itsLrpra tcrtr.rlui rlin crrrc eit nLl
frrrnrcrrzi clccit r-rn fe1 clc ;rpenclice . Prinr.r pirrtc 11 Discirt'str-
Irti asrtpra lncloLlci (cliscr-rls cc trcbr,ric:tborcl:rt, sr-r nu uitinr,
ct f'abul,I srlll cir tab/ou) rclirterrzi cxpcricnlclc autorulLii irn-
telio,rrc dcscoperirii lui co,qzto, c\1)crientcl(' sirlt',,inti--r.rrr;r
clin ccle nrrri cclebrc $coii ,r1c lltrrolrcr"5;
,,irrvit,rscnr rrcoio tot cccrl cc irtr.irru ctiLrlti; si clri.rr, rrenrLrltnnrirr-
clr-r nrh c,-r stiir-rteic clrc ni st prrrlrtr. pilr'aLlrscscnr trr.rtt ciriLLc.
crtrc r.ri LrlrtLrserri cidc.r irr rriini, tlrtirrd t1,'spr,'rcc1c,r,'.rre
sLlrrt c()riSid('ri1te cele Ittti tLtt-io.r:e:i ntlt rtr'.',"
Stlrcliul linrbii,rr qi ;r1 nrrrtenrrrticii,.rl clocvcntci qr,rl
1,oezici,;rl tcologici ;i .r1 filozolici ir Llnret. Cintl in sfirlit,
c()lltinLli I )cscrrrtcs.
,,...virstrr rri ir l,cnnis si ics t1c sub trttela yrr-cccptorilor nrci.
.rnr pir..isit cinutrdilcrrsi.rnvriruslitrcnrsrtiudrrrLLrrlltl;irtrtlrccvl,ir,-rirlt..r'.Irtci.or,rri.rrrrrrci r'r't'e;l...'111tc..
ci pritr',rnr
crLc l.' l.rce tiecrr-c plrvitor'h ,'ircstiLrnilr ce I rnrer-cs.'.rzi l. .]
deeit in,rcelc,r pc c,u-c lc frcc u'r litc'r',rt in c:rbinctLrl srirr,.."
tl .r dccis, in consecinli, s;r rrr-r lnir1 ccrcr'tczc:1ltii stiinti
clccit rrccc:.r pc crilre:rr fi pr-rtrtr-o grisi ,,in sine insr-r5i".
r\ce:rsti clccizie estc clcci ,.ezlrltatr-rl r-rnci re:rctri inrl'ril11.ii',1
tf a
I8I
r ep rearr ad rS n '!puyB rl ap E,raruuur rtlllilltr nir alSa,rr-id cc
rrlnlola-r rJUn Jolaruoldurrs r 'sal:rlsaq ri 'rairratsrxl rrdttr^r
aplrlf,uor ratnd E 1l,nuad -iolrr,rF ep Intsap 1nh:sr:d lsasrC
,,,'alttr.trrlds,rad rsaprrrqop 'r,rto:^n rtur rS eldnrrs rrur ,roleJ
-roil-lnrf,n] ra-rrlduratrrof rlrlrrr lFt:o:lrrr ne-rJur tzr'ro,ulroJlro:l
o IS(dtuil tsrlalr: rrr elfJrqo JOllntrr rrLrr rldnsr tro-rrpur:E r:lrp
orlrrr tsacfusr-r iS nu Lrtrl rar'1a1tsr tot leurl rEur JI.),r rS Jlirrr-rL'trr
rrLrr elal elr-rn,rJnl t:a-1-rad ali,rJJSrp r tp rctrrirrdt:r u:rtrr;d nr-rd
.rsJputqop 'llrr-Ld rn-r!JJrj r,rdnstr ra,ri.rud orlrralr nr atde-rp
J.mt tS'erzrta,rd Jp tluilnl
rrr rS-'ps I\qnlruanlrl-qrso ltrr Ri rsJplt-rl arrJ
TltrxzIl.I!- zn+uol II.IIdS un lglOP Jlsa nrr 'a-IIpUeE ap
uI
l:r -rn8uts un-.rtur.'grrpoap r-rlt-rfn] allnnr lrni r:1 arirrotr Jp-lol1l
!s rrrrgo tdarp a-rr.rru j.j'1a1tst til
rlrr ad cpJ,\ ] nri 'durrt rSr]e rt ur alf,erqo inrrrrsrp pour ur Inun
ep !rl-ll
atlltru rpru tilo
tfuil-rlt t-tuErrrs o,rlurp prst'a.r.t-rd xs rJJ-\ J-luJ IaJ'-rl-\Jprr.uul
'ulrlnJo rtrpur l:r'dr: au 11rLrt.r.r1ti
tJLrnTZr.\ nl rrrr,rrdurof o el
-ur utitntrrr IlxzrlDll emgert aJEr lrr E;anrrur 'putq-ro.r, tda,rp r1"
It:rrJrlrJ(LltUlJorup arlnlrorJprrJEoSleLrtr rluopr-rodsa,rof rlo^ur InJOZolrJ rsnsur
rJ Jr SordJ,r tsJlV '(rnlnuaru"ral p: 3-rr:1
IllsuJS ril) ral:r InruJruoP EI 1-rJjar as r r,rEJ ',rrlrrrSoc -rnd Ur:1cj
un Jd EZEOSTId as orirpn,ra Jp piEJ Es p,\,rJzer rl rS ruatsrounl
? ESalE ad rr'ral-tE ELIolsr J,rJpJA lrr J-rE nlr tillrzJl-rrf
InsrerueP Ef rrrlr rcrlda,r 'lecrlrtsnI porlr rrr 'ea]nd -rr-5
',,JtrsrEAESJP r.TnJJnl glB+
as ts (Ernlp c1a-rado ad rgoap
prre,rtrl1le Lr 'soro,taur Jtsa El (sof
rELLr r-rnPUE-l lr^JtEt Ia !:inEpr '-rr,lap!--rtrrr Jtsrounsal t,\ es"
:tsoj lr J,TEJ]snlr rJ-rEf E E-rntlnf, r8ra-rtrrr o - ,rnSrsap 'trrrt-rod
-rln rELLr llnlrr atsa Jf raaf - rS rJ 's-rnlsrp ap drr EJ ,,,rol?rLr? ep
InlJrirqEf,'( rPllrnlr nu ?Lrrsun,rpz ,,rlplnq JtlnLU rrtrr rrrp csnd
-LUof JOIr-l?rrn1" raluierrrp lritrzel,rrf, EiLrJf rlJ-r El ruul-rasqo
'trtapara,rd lnyorrdrc ur sndxa rur-al rtrLrrot arcf ad alatdrl
ap tuoo prrrrrri LrrDr:l o gJvCI'tepot)Lu tarrJadorsap ul 3o1o,rd
Jp Ea.r!olr^ 'trtlrts,tutstq In"rprr ur 'J-rE e-rclrlsuol gls?JlV
'r-uSarur rotlnru llrur ?lrl,t,r'-ranp8uarlstlJIntrul l-rSl trr,rf nl E a;rt rrl alat ur ]rrl
'rirpd rrlrr urp csnd
etlnru
-ruoJ alr-re-r:lni rn aunrirolrad etrtr IltsarlxeJrurlt,rtdr uoesapr rr 1ntdel
o-rr.rJprsLroJ ur rnl 1r ap ?larr tsoj
a.rturp inrrn 'a-rtl
.'qrtJrzlr-1rlq'J-rILarrrl[r-]JrL1L-rrpnJproru-E;trrnrc.rnnr8irarr;slrrsrnqlJnlrrrp1srrl1nrzztlFttqs-orlloruteLeUuErJL,\UE IaUpu' 1'"1
:atSapur8 seurf,sa(J 'r.rotriosur g-rp; 'ri-rpc e;ey ':nEurs
'rrnzur-ra9 tup (,,a1aod") grrzlpcur EJaLLTtsJ ES rseollrrt1 ul
'elrrEZrl?tol
(opnasd) rS a,tnrlnrunJ rrntlnf, retsef? u arlntnsrrr EJ ,,rnlnteu
-lqEc" r,Lrllodrur',,rr1llrzor-rnl" rr.rnllnf, E^r-rlodrur',,rr1olS"
aedea. Or, tocm,li :tici intilnirr-r subslanl:r Dtoptricti, apten'
dicc ne..'esa r il Discut srrlui ,tstrpra mctttJci.
Arn ;rvut deja ocazia si rtot.ltrt ctull - h u-n Lipsius, dc pildi
tr;rnsfornirtdu-se' clirl exces de
-enotucbziiaus/ nc-ut,rioins'rioscctht isoatbuorasliita., Pcutrtt Baltasar Gr:rcian (care
triiegte Ei gindeqte in cadrcle pansofiei secoluh-ri al XVII-lea),
dimpotr-ivi, ochtul nu obosegtc nicrodata' Vizul este clefinit ca
o p.it... totiliz.anti, cur-t'rulativi" Ochiul poate vecle:r totr'rl. Cr-r
aceasta unlca g1 lmport!-[]ti exccplie: el nu se poale vedca pe
{acl.elusitaKci5pilecrr'p) uin-
sine7. Flste punctui uucle it.rtcn'ine Descartes.
sese cleja modclul siu de ochi (insPirat- dc cel
scric.ei sa clespr-e Om\. Dit'Ptllca-lln-1 rcpet:, decit c'venttlal
in rnodul in iare Discttrsrt[ (15ttPt',l ncidci. repctri Rcgu/ilc
l'un'irlJr'r-l cn dlirnc '
'Pe ntrtl indrumarea rninlii" ochrr-iluie, acceLrtat_cle Ilcs-9a111t
lvloclelul kcplertan al
este o 1ra91na a reprezelltil-ii. El fr-ll.tclior-Leirzi lse meitl ttnet
,,camere obscure ", rctirlci (RST' in
proiectit-rd pc peretele
gra\-urr cc insoteqte 73) o inr:rgille pe
lertr-ri hri l)cscarte s, il'
iele Kcl''ler', Ei, .1upii el, Desc,rr-tes, o clesetnueaz-i sr-tb tru-
rrelc de ,,picturi" (pictttr,t). StLrclii recerltc sr-rblinrazir irnpor-
tanla pe care o prezinti cicseutrarea imaginii rctinictre c:r
,,1',i.. tLir.i", r clatiiie c.trc exirti itttt. ttr,'..lclul .,e ttlrr keplcr-
irrl. e xp,-'rit'lltclr' c()lltcllllr( )l.ille .lsIlpr.l ..r'.ltllt't'ci ttlts. ttrc" si
rtou.t pictttt'.i (rrr,ri llc, olrrr..l.'z.r)dirr scct'lul .rl XVll-lc.rl:.
insi5i functiotrrrrea ochiuh-ii licplerian - 9i, nai tirzitt, cca a
ochuh-ri caitczian - estc r-iztttj c:'t pullerca il.r scerlri ir tit-ttti
travtrliu lipiDcteusrcaalt:teius)tlgsienefoarm(epiacztu.irapclapeKreetpcllccr,aplbic,tru1 rracti.nseatit
tabloul
@J o/!.,un rctinac parietcnt"), p. i,iltt/ o/b ce sc all:i ir-r fuu-
.lr-rl oc[ir.rlr-ri 1r. lgpila .r1s 1-. .fJreastri", irisr-rl o ,,t;rpiscrie",
ochiul, iu arrsarnblul ..itt, , ,,cLtt]c PclsPcctivici".
72. Arronini, ()cl,iu/, qravuri Iet.Ltru
Dioptrica Lui l)escarrcs, Ler''dr, 16i7.
lB2
r.8 i
'1.9T 'rl) \r'I
'\i1-rf r\,)( I
tt1 i,.tt ttd, tt11
nlilr,)rl fin \t.r:l
')Ll)t!u1,)t
ttut:lt'!u!
t.)ti ij/i).1
'LilrLl()Ll\/ ar'
'r()cht:fc tnl) Jirrrrlr |.15^EJdIsr-r Js^ lls r.) !,t!1 '.!lt-rJ(l().-)5^Jl) tultut-I
It:-'rIf Jl\,) a,rr.r'1.1 tta.ttronltt url) il,tfcl .r.tfLlt () lt'.rLlI lJ]lSl
'rl11l!,\rrl ] r,rr.r rirlild ril.r] c]J.) PUlrl a-rlr.l JlrrlI.I'rlxal) nl I)rl!r1
r')r5.r-crLltlilulrIrnurrrsr^r(rpu]lLrr_nntltunJap-iI.,\toInrrr lrts ltot-l utttlt lrl,r.r;(l'trIlltsJtrr
lltlrlt lltrrl.)() plrrltl '!-rt11"'"
rrro
:rc1'0 rr.Irt.\l-r,I3 ()--Itut,Id qw-us^tlll 'tlirtrl,rlclx; Lr Jrtlldo.lcl IJ
J,it]qJ,rlur !lsrJrr rr] JPUlldsrr-I ll l1-llUJd ,,a [12!^ ]1lz!^ I+ Jlrr()cI
rrn-]J" :EJ,rf olrrlr-u1 alsJ t7/ltl1cf)o f t/f)1ttl | )d l,zt)Jttt.to-l ts ,t.Lt,s
)ltutF;put ,urls;61 trrlnllrui 'tt-ttt7dot17 lrr s,ltlrslP rrrJIf,ulf Itr tlI
r trq z,)P r.r Ir r,r rlslP's.r l,rrlsl 61 r tll rr y1t'rl r Irl,r cJ rrrLralq o-rd
ilcoperind o clr \-reLul corp eLb,.i1re s;i tie irur',rtit dc tr;rns-
parent incit lunrina z-iiei sir tre;rcr-r prin el, c,l, rle prldl, o br.rc;rti
cle hirtie s,ir.r corja nnui ou, RST, s,r puneli rrccst ochi irr gaur-rr
nnei lerestre t;icr-rt:i anumc, prccLull Z, astfel incit el si aibi
pi1rte.1 din t.r1;r, BCD, into.rrs;1 c:1tre vlelln Loc unclc erist;'r rli
verse obiecte, preculr V, X, Y, lunrinrrte de soarc; iar sp;-Ltelc,
uncle este corpul a1b IIST, cirtre interiornl c.rnrerei, P, uirde vr-r
veli ,rfl:r, 5i in crrre nu trebr"ric sri irrtre nici o ir-imini, decit ,rcecr
cc \,.1 pLiteil pitrlrr.rde prin ircest ochi, dcsprc,rle c;irr,ri p.rrti gtiti,
de le C pina la S, ci slrnt trrlnspilrcntc'. C;rci, ficinrl .rstft'1, d;rci
priliqi accst corp ,rlb RST, r-e1i veclea ,rco1o, porlte nlr iiri ;rrl
nrir;rtie gi plicere , o pictLrr.i, re \'.r Le|r'r'lent.r fo,rrte ir.riv in per-
spectivi torrte oL'riecte le cc se vor .rt1r in afarri cirtf c VX\'." 1r
Jlxpcrientil cartczirlni p()rne $tc clc l.t ct 'nsr.rt.rruJ (nici, '-
dati enr-rnqrrti, d:rr implicir prezcnt;r) ca ochiul lllr sc porltc
vcclea pc sinc insr,rsi. In schirlb si rrceasta estc sLll)strlntrr
c'lcrrronstratici s,rlc - se poirte gincli ot'biul in gc'ncral; rrciici,
i sc poate ?cdctl flllrcti()rlrlrc.1, Sc prs,11L' \-ec'lcir li(1/17'17 crlrc sc
fornrcrrz,r pc func'lul ,tltui oc/ti, se poatc ',.te dca c,izul ca.
lrcrcalrisln qi, in consecint:i, po;lte fi gindit in tot :rcler.i'rnrl
s:iu. Acest lucru nu este posibil decit printr-ttn proccs cle
clcclubl,rrc: irvenl, pc c1c o p;rrte, Lrr. ,,ocl-ri-obiect" (,,ochiu1
1r.rrtrt", :lcti\-rrt prin lunrin:r Lurci fere stre, un ochi m()rt c;rrc
functioneazi,,crt gi cLlln er fi r.iLr") si, pe cle rrlti pirrte, ttt't
,,crciri subiect", crre contcnrpl.r picturtt forr-n:rti pc rctin;1
celr-ri dintii.
GlrrvLrra crrrc insoqcSte tcxtlrl cirrtczirur (il. 73), re ;r-oclusrr
dc trci ori in Dioptt'ica, este irrrrqincr*cl'rcie a ,,Opticir
Metoclci". F.rr po:rte li considcrrrti cle rrsenrerle.r eJ inr,r{in..t
enrble nr;rtici rr cinrpulr,ri r-izual rrl s^ecolr-rlr-ri .r1 XVII-lcrr, c.ir-c
trinc clc llirrrrdignr:r alltoreflcxi\-i. In :rce:rsti grrrr-lrri g;isinr
.rp.rratului ocul,u-. ()chiul schcmatic estc sr-ll)n-(lj-
sche'r'nrr
rrrcnsionat 5i intcrsectrrt rlc rctc:rttrr c1e linii r-irtu.rie.rlc
f-rr,ricct,iei rclinicnc. L? r jostrl prqinii, Lln nric pcrsonrrj b,-rrLr,rs
privegtc ,,pictura in pe rspcctir.i" c:rre sc iorme ;rzi pc luinclul
ochir-r1ui, qi, in ;rcc1a5i timp, insn5i ochir-r1 c:rre () prorlucc.
Ciuc e stc, a$;1(lar, rlccst pci's()na j? Propri:1 s:r rctill:r re -
ce l)teirz:r rnr,rginc:r rctiniani pr,tclusi tle (in) rrlt ochi S1, ;rsc-
nrcni ,rccstr.ri oclir expcrinrcntrli, sp;rqir,rl iuctlnjttr.itor.. itr or-
clinc.r cxpcr.icntei cit.rte , ptrson.rjr:l birbor L'st( t1lt Pt r-s,rir,rI
lcrrl, prir.incl intr-o c:uncr;i ilitllllcc.lt:i, Lll1 ccrall rrlb pi.tsrrt irt
fr-rni1r-il ur-rr-ri ochi rcal, cl;rr nr(lrt. Lir scilrir intregii cirti, ;rdici
ir-r contcxtr-rl DiscurspLl ui asuprt metodai 9i rrl ,,esclrr.il..r'",
qril\'Lrril ilre Lln fcl n-rr-rlt tlai l,rrq: ca ill'c c;1 sitbicct :,'tiztrl prt-
z,it1a.
18-l
E8I
'|u.trlJsqo pleutp) JZaluaLLIi-IJdxa BS EJ3-+eJd ?A
rJPOlJrrr v Ye) !<lrlapLto:lutlatzlupal11aLpryaaluntifuuertEnorf as rs tJJlld II aJl+os
-rir:d u,rnrlnl retlosuud v uJoJtu
-tqutoJ autiuut rnlolul t.i r.'l',,IpuePta sJu'{< o ad 'r5r LIIJJIZ
gs f t (lzBIOLUattiI Js IJPOlaur t. vat'tpuatueaut Ja lPuuutquoJ
s.rr o ad rrellrJtrir as rrlgtrzoi,rnf E-Intlnf 'rttslt,tt lntrtrld a4
9 t ,,'olc)rE
asr-rJsu1 rso,+ nE a-ttr ctral-tadrul alIapI Jtuot eIZattttrl rrtp;Frrnlr:
rS-ys rrrnraptot n"ttuad EIEP o !Jst-rltorl 3s ts'tt,tJlSuottnr
rls-rgA ltulllrop Jtsa atr l-llptts Jtuntltr 11i1 r:1 aFrtnlt of ltlttPttt
'tro a-tr:ro11 tl r1-rq3Jt rt ]o] t] :?tla,IoJ 1-t a;ds
r u-re1 'otSas;3 t:oLtIJr'\ ap-rard
o1 a,rrr: ad cir,rrutsg-rt JtEol aE-ratS
r Lr:trted t-tdus
r:p ad olotalnq nr IEruI lttu putf,a,Il'noig?t lsaJP It1lol lljlrll
rduolrra-r rs aurq nti rlnrtl oJtrJ JE t-Itstro'\rauLUltP iL1-lolttd.
:purErr,\ vzued :lnlqnsePaP rlnlp^zJp Is-a,rtr
nolqEl un'unlltd IIrllaA I ELLI-In a:t-lo s-talS E-s eJEf ad ep
nolqEt un -rtP 'nolqel Lrn lrlJP E^3lllE Jlse nU ,,uspl L1Lnqul"
tVfn,rlur (errtsrl,r? teiuar,rldxa
InIUJTLIoP uIP IiElnurn.IcluiI
nrerlr-rel rir re-rJlSeounf, atSapue8 saurcsaq 'prepo grui 'rrry
',,iurrs rnlnunq" a1r1n8a,r r,redocsap r n-rtnad 'arrpugqop alnr
-nrion Lrr.p asul pl//qul u-rrJ qs re.r.\ '.rE-\Jpll--ItuI 'tpole14
'InluuePIJJo E elEJnl]ntr leLIolsI 3 EnoLI
edua o 'Epropur o i.i,.t p,tq; 'pr.tttajda, ertuu ulP ttsEafts
'ropotaru u Eeefr rS tttptrzounc E,Intlno aJluiP IIiglIJullJ
-odruatuor r:prlod LtI'u.lJlrtt .1]us rJ.iqJlar r atitpa ttut-rd
r:rrlqnd our,rEry usuirqururS un -TlI 'EtEa,Ic esasn1 lrturol
(-rolrur8rrur E ri-rotruIqLLiol IIJILITIJI I EZatuls o EefPJ - tfeP
'LGLrEtg- )rrErJrLrauulror,8raagp:u"lp) (ty'1r) laqiian,rg )P tu/712?1A
ter,rullrr,r ,,Ellzlqrut r;autec" ut olYrlt
uuo\aly
ap lnfdaruor uadocsap sElJEssaC oJtl III lllltl-rLuorrr_rrl
'trIuo.rJtI1l tuJ-IEd? urld rin ad ani,r,rns anrFrPr.rucl t'n..1t
olJr altrrrp lf,rlJuor tsJJ? E3 rurnl!^zaP es tsnlol Jrnqail '-Iol
udnsr €tsrsur rpLlr ? n;luod atncsonnf, Jrrlq ta-rd ttrns (.,1a
olsJurnu o LLrnl',,sn11n1 rn1 tt-rr") ,,IaIJoLLIalll ?l,rt" ap rS rtigl
-rzorJnl Erntlnl ep'atltpn-ta aP firj sJuelseC ml ala^JJZeU
'soun) 1711v11c/Jo etrndo es. JlPolalu lrtltPo
Inlrura s cl n s p rI- I IAX Ir rnln o r r, ", 1"rr-t,tt Pao,t
-rrr e plurpuat I
t8?e-rtur o ES Plr?f,rolttl l;.it i:ililir"r;
nN 'alnpo;d zenlls
o anc Iel 1aSu1 ltu 9l Pail
lgtrep Irlf,o tl? LIn aJtel ap g-rnrcrd
-trrt8erut IJlsJfE Ea;eldalai y.zeezrlvLrE sautf,sJq 'tttnlttd Yt
nou un es?J
adaruol it a-lrr ad 'auatttne-t rrrir8erur iE IepoLU
-oqrle :ayday EoE(I 'lrf,utur8rpr,red piuul,iodrut o eit EuEIZ
-at,ref rcndo 'rJI-IIAX IE Inlnloras ratetrlrnzl^ n-rluJd
Tablor-rrile flarnande cr-r ,,Cabinete de Amatori" constiru-
iar.r punerea in practici a ,,r.eclerii curioasc", pictura olan-
dezi r.'ir intrupa, dirnpotrivi, veclerea nretodic,i. Dar trebr-rie
si ne ferinr de dihoton-riile prea transante. Criteriilc scc)-
gr-afice gi religioase au plltllt clesisur juca un roi in p.r-
larizare:r cimpului pictulal ;rl secolr,rlui al XVII-lea, dar-cu-
riozitate a st metoda se gisesc uneori in contacr, in ciuda
breqei care le separ:i. Spania, Iiranta sr ItirLa se afli astfel an-
gajatc in acest conflict (care este un conflict al paradig-
rnelor). Dar tot Olanda rre oferii evantaiul ce1 mai bogat al
modalititilor prin carc ,,metocla" asediaz-.r picrr-rr.rlul- Am
pLitea spLure clespre pictor-ii olanclcz-i (parrrfrazinc|-r-1 pe
Desc:rrtesls) ci ei surt ,,niqtt' rLtiz.rni crrc tmdesc 1a lucrir-r
c'lc prccizie, 9i car-e ;ru obrceii-rl si-si inclrcpte cu atenlie
privirc:r asupra fiecirui pLll1ct, clobinclind prin practic.r c;r-
pacitatea cie a disceme perlcct lucrurile cele nai mirunrc si
cclc n'rai fir-rc".
Dar acesta nll cstc sirrgurui notiv ce ne permitc si con-
sidcrim Olrnd.r ca pc te ritoriul de preclilcctie al parac|gnrer
metodice. Intr-adevir, daci ea me ,itli acest titlu, este mai
:rles pentru maniera in care ol;uclezii au $tiur si tenlatizeze
actul ;re rceptiei picturale ca pe rcep!ie :rutoreflexiv:i. A9a
cun-t r-t-ticul personaj dtn Dioptrica cartez.iani stritea cr-r ochir
agintili asllpra ,,viilului alb" unde irpirea inrrgine.r rctinirni,
pictorul olirnclcz se instaleazi in faq;r pAnzei s,rlc pcntru ,r
rctlc,r cc cst( Pictura.
2.Tablouri
Ceea cc anr desenll:1t, cLr ajr.rtorul tcr.r'ici lcceptirii
teatrale a epocii, ca,,ochi surprins" constitllie un fel cle pre-
ambul ncce sar 1a acleviratul conflict, lir conflictr-rl constitutiv
al picturii secoluir-ri al XVII-lea, ce I c,rre oprllre curiozitatctt
5i me toda. Surpriza in faqa inaginii dedublate il inrplici,
ir-rrrintc cle toate, pe privitor-. l-:r sc prclungefte - ca tip cle
conrportaulent al prir.itorului - atit in fala inr:reinilor con'r-
binate alc ,,cabinetelor" flamanc'le, c;it qi in fata rcprezen-
tirrilor nretafictionale :rle o1:urclezilor. irr nra joritrlte .l c.rzllli-
lor, clcnront;1rca imtrginii in picsclc r-rnui nrcc.urisru .rl
ficlitrnii (,,bordr-rrr" rerie srr-r f.rlse, per-dele, niqe , hors- si
para-texte etc.) line deja de parailignra ,,metociic.i". Analiza
acestei deutontiri nu va li rcpct.rri in ;-raqillils umritoare. Pe
parcursul lor vom studia, in schimb, impletrre a surprizei cu
metoda in c:rdrul picturii rnetaficlior-rale a secolului al
XVII-lea.
186
t8r
' ll t t -Jp- t tippJ-u t t-'tt uLtd-)-tJp )o rJ'lEtt^ Illltlliuds r JrlSunlJ-ld
gr trlajd-j.)tr1 lsoJ v lttiott)tut J.n:-r ul rrJltttttt'Jltl,rPJJJrd
alaiorrdvo uIp Inun-Jlur 'zelou trs tlIZEfo rlap in-te uty
'oaJlS.J r
-npzp8 el eJEJ rnlnrir:ds r-rdnsl rzr:aloato;d as Jol Ienlx[alJ'TaoJ]
J-Its3 uI pinstlu tu aiuptado tut\vuu alsILI JInlIlsuo-r
I-lau-.tlirt.tt(all,lstrrJl?)aJ-nJnrao.lttlrlP2rrlit1''3ll .\. jllnd\rlrrrllist:'lzsur,r)rrlIlaq(d-)rPrl-lr Is !zPJ'llslF
IJnolqNl Jl
na-rssrrJrsrlra"l'roIplluE.lut-"reItJirpipLtIiISlroosULJolcIfrpPrlrltElsutcuII^'ZtrEteafl(,nJ+I,-Idr_IooiaauIsJ-udItJqsl'uLeEsllntrfIIt-PJJtrlJtPaEiPrsat(L:diI_IJnoLllqrIJEJualscIrlIl'rLII-lrII':.IJtt1lrl'gsstJlllluuroJrtlJtilIr4tltTa..l-tueJlo.ttu:fl1JioaJJr .rt'IiudIOtSlpulnnrurrdll
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'-rotELLIE Jp tcLilqrl un--IILII ttipHr ioJutuL) aP /LtleutquJ tllno
-o-rd xopeird ap dn tStla-ru )P'stf uulttttt st1L7tl1w'eauri rzet18
-rlrq !-rJLulJ u-Jlul lr:1!3u luuodt'-t tt, )lqul llJ lttlot.tJlu I
'.lol,rJznrrr lr lJ.tJd PUPPr^
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JlsJ nolql'l llt: tlll'l',rs)Pl'Jllu.()j'ltJ-tl.r Jl'ttuacl ')d'!l')tli.l llq
EJerLrEl o tSgsur EJ !luIZJ.rtlJ.I EZrtl;.rnq BSul LIIP P-IJTLIE:)
i-rt.,1 grtip8r tirt-trl.ii ep Euels 'atsjrnpzp8 o a;u: ts plra;r
tso+ t o;ec n,tlrtld rnlnrlr:d"^ e ,,uput1?io" o rf yrJlo es lLt"''o
-tLirul'1r-rnrrtc{ rrc9 ti.'' ,ot.t..l,.tt t1i rrrr.trs lnlnlrls u1 lttaza'rd
r:(cp psul ersa ELurn urp rlsJ.rV 'xopr'-rl'cl r-rn autirtor lzePrwlo
,ro]IJaJJ,I uauroLIJJ JJIJO uJ
llJ,rEJasul 'ler,t'ondlPrr,t3-IEnserunlsSIPuruErI nc',,ctpvtrortt"'lrrrtrsr'ld pout
ur 'rzrar18ory1p asndxa tttt8rrut alseft JrlurP JrE-)JrC '(rttlnd
a1L[JrLL'.JL,ln.')r,rJn-],l1uJz'E,uE"rsuurnrJ.lu,-'oJtrrJtIrSulSlniJ-gadl"ilsl,rJa'tipos3)qltlJF,J.l,trelilltlsltlrrtaS'nIrElaisnTtaLIl,1nru-rlrqdEct(-lelltlPSiduIonIpUtJlltrxtittapl'lt8a!i"Pt1J'IlaJJl1sESnelnrE)(J-roI:_d,l'e'lsr(uo)?d'rrorPSa+'tll
-Lrr tp Lrn - JEJ aueoj - nts ua8 eP luJls 'ltsrad 'rcr-ro8ap nes
psrorFrlr., curJS) cur-)jrurr O'(g8'll-Sl rrrr:rPrlo.r
'62 ll) Jlrl
-l^ltJB o rS zrtlF.rnq.tol,tJ-lttl tln t:ltlrz;.tda.t Jl JUJJS rtSttt 'rp
-rrplo t,, iluns',-t"rll'rt.ri undo-rd J,rz r'roya'rado ealrlt'ro [rtraq
Acest topos tirziu (il iutalninr, deplin cristalizat, cloar in-
cepir-rd de la mijlocul secolului al XVII-lea) nu face, crecl eu,
clccit sa sublinieze consubstangialitatea dintre imagir-re gi
spaqilll unde aceasta este ex-pr-rsi (Ei unde ea este, iu cc'rt-t-
secinl:i, ,,uti1izati"), rlarciud in acelaqi timp praeul (,,cle-
p59ibi1" in mocl icleai) dintre lunrea vietir qi cea a sensului.
Si analizirn cle pilda, exernplul e ste cclebru, Fe rne ia ctt
bolangi de Verneer van De lft.
Acest tablou (i1. 75), pictat probabil puqin dupi 16602i,
consituie, prin simplitatea $i echiltbrul siu, ttna din cr-rht-rile
artci h-ri Vemeer. El irrcheie totod:rti Lrn intreg repertoriu
de problcr"ne ale noii picturi olaudezc. L,l replczirtt.i r.rn inte -
rior-luinir-Lat printr-o f ere rstri de -,lbia vizibili, prcvizttti cu
o pcrclea. Pe peretelc clin stinga, o oglrnd;i ce se zirrcstc c;r ct
simpli tentir de lurnini. Rat-na ncagri, masivi, cste t-ec1ati itt
racursiu. Camera, cr-r carelaj negrlr qr alb, este c)cupati de ct
fcrneie linind in r.nina sa dreapta o n-ticit balat-ri:i in cchilibru.
Mina stingi se sprijini delicat c'le o uas:1 acoperiti clr rno-
7,1. l)ietcr Llc:
I I ooch,
l)ritnuitotrt't tlt
citre I 66.1,
ulei pe pinzi,
61 r 5.1 cnr,
Fi crlLr,
( i e r.n.ilcl egaleric.
188
68r
PUVP !,rJLLr?r lllE o JlsJrpz as 3-I1lf ulrd (Esn o sPILIlseP
JS 'nr,rn! ur lusrdBl 'pun1 utp alara.rad LII 'Ia-IJLul3t InJoI.tatul
a,rds aprqcsap os 'a;urr rEur 'EJJSEaJaI lr'aucurase ap atsasdrl
r:prri1861 'tn-rgdsrp u rut-rodr,r lnolqrr a-IuJ uIp rtp ';earu;a1
Jp !luroplrr p-rp1 qtr:,rrdsnt 'E,tEotELturLIJSll lrllefs o gturza,rcla-t
lL'rtGt '1r) qcoog JP -IJIJId 3P lltz-rll IELLI ILII: r'ttlr:r lrlrrd
nolqtst rrn rurldurltlror ao lllpul g:rldruo: as LItqeJluI el
r-sJrllnVr,ir^8ralllrr-rrrolaJtprutldJiqooanirldouratslsLJInrL,Iulr-oIlp-l nrs ta,tado tnlnfesertt
LIIp rtsalv lrr:r,rod
-ar'puJa2Ilnt-woIAtlqaXEputIEfrSion-rloJor]r-srrcsqtrru'rsroaplprrrzEqJeupaualstploJl-luLrLorIlrItp,itoo1tnontr-rdloctEll-r,I,IZrJIeJurtEast,JurdJu-nrIorr)clqtltVr
un rr:ip8r Jlsa 'rr,rrtrraza,rde,r rie;t-rdns nc lalrrtd 'prrnl
urp alata;ad ad 'EstLU ;rp rrirl rttp artnn.rod o 'rrrrucy 1nd-ror
rrrp al-rrd o'ruIrEdnoz;rdAr rnlnduitr E-rEJE uI gstrl rur8trul Inlualrr
-E"rpuJuV erapJ^ ap totrnd trn sJIu ? InJotrld
Jp:al ?srur cp rir:; arulrr O 'a1-rad a'rpalraJ;tI-IrodrnsunlntessaJ,rr rclnoo
aladrs
ats^e3r J,rlrrrP Inun rrlc 'JsrrilsJP Jladrs ur rs alrciLsi-r ePeu
r)'^ -r e11tr
i?uolltN
'uoriurqst16
'Lutr 3t x E'2,
'gzutcl rd rapr
t99l a99l r''rlr
'lluu1vt1
nJ 11t)lu):I
.JIJC]
IIiI] {JJLLI-IJ IC/
asuprir ul1ei alte uqi, Femeia lui Pieter de Hooch qr-a schim-
bat qi vegn-rintele. E,a estc pe cale cle a cintiri nigte n-ronede.
Pe nrasi, perlele iru dispirut. Fala cle r.nas:i verde este in-
locuita cu Llrl covor, nr.r sc.run cr-r sparer-din piele lucratd qi-a
ficut apanlia in arierplan.
Analiza comparativi a accstor cloui trrblouri ne punc o
probieni a cirei aparenti sin-rplitate evoci o tcorernS.
Prezetrla tabloulur raportat face din oper:r lui Vemeer o
imaginc intcrprctabilti. Privitorii epocii (;r cei de astizr 1:r
r-indr-rl lor') nr-r prlteau (pot) aborda dccit cxtrcm de grer-r
firiace st tablou
rr-gi prurc' intrcbiri r-e fe ito;rrc 1:,r se nnific:rgia
sa. Renunlir-rc-L la tabloul-citat, I)e Hoocl'r excludc, se p:lre,
in uocl con$tiellt, aborclarea ce reune$te contemplare,r ur-rui
tablrru gi inrpr-rlsiunc:r ir.rtcrpretirtir.ir. Dar cere este sensul
rrcestei exclr-rdcri ? Estc e a intr-adev:ir polenrici? Sau poate ci
ea nL1 subliniaza clecit caracterul rncliferent, lreescntial, ai
inraeinii raportate intr--o scen:i de interior? $i mai rnult inci:
privitorul epocii pLrtea oarc pcrccpc ope ra lui l)e Hooch ca
pe o elosi a tablor-rlui lui Verr"neer - afa cum estc ca per-
ceputi cle istoricul cle arti colltclrporan? Era cl oare crrpabil
si sesizeze abscnla Jude ciyii dc Apoi ca pc o dbse nt,i sernni-
Istoria interpretirii tabloului veermerian este extrern de
bogati qi con-rplcr;i. Problcrncle rcfcrito,rrc la prezelrt:1
,,tabloului in t;rblon" o jaloneazi. Tho16-Biireer (1866)
vceindet:irreingtirinbagijiunteeariJi?udVcec,iitfiii
de Apoi 1111 averrislnent (,,Ah, ru
c.rnrilit.r qi juclecati 1a rinclul
t;iu"2i). Bode (1911) consiclera tabloul raportat cir pc Ll11
sinrpiu nrotiv forr-nrrl (,,Drtimuitoarea de our" a 1ui Venneer
se aflir in faqa unui tablou cenuqiu cilre atirlr;r pe un perete
.rlb dezqolit":+;. I{udoiph (1938), dimpotrivii, ro'rne \a tez.a
Iui Thor.1-Br-irqcr: scen?-r sc interneiazi pc sinrbolisnrul lui
aanitas (pe11e, oglincli, Judecata de Apoi)t:'. Carstensen gi
Putscher (1971) interpreteazi tablor-rl ca pe o sceni de clivi-
rlatie: o femeie insircinati incercind sI stabileasci cr-r aju-
torul balantrei scrul viitoruiui copil26. Svetlana Alpcrs (1976)
respirrge oricc elcnent rele ritor 1a simbolisnrullui vanitas gi
veclc in fieura ce11tri1li o intrr-rpare :r Femeii-Jr-rstigie cere
domnegte in c;rsa oliurdez:ill. tWireclock Jr. (1981), baz:in-
du-se pe cercetirile de labor:rtor 1:r cirre tabloul fusese sllplls
intre timp gi care dcmonstr:rscri c:i bal:rn1:r estc goal;i, con-
sicleri c;i Vemccr dorea si ilustreze capacitlte;r fenrcii rle
a-gi cantiri propnile fapte. L,,r se dezvi.luie astfel conqtient:i
pdelllJleudoecalctactfiur-rrialai sctarroeitrogiac$.it:ei1bpatil2aSn.t.Sr arleovne-rnoninc(1l 9s8c3n)-uprurlou-i
orttonim, iar femeia semnului Fecioarei. Pentru acest aLltor
190
t6t
'lal nr rS rIprpt^u[ n'rJlrrruir]pf JiJIJ-rrd acl rp ttt"rodr.r JnoJqEr n: l-rodr-r
rrr 'lflxJ a11r,r gl:1erc1ns o trlJp rrJll.rptf,rn Ir rrrlras^
o rf ru rnlll.ro]l-rr-icl
rrn r:qt'"rFep rEnr Jtse p;I 'rlElreliJ,r arrrFr:nrr
l-rJ+o l*nri 'r'Irs-rnle; ur !lnzu^ 'r:prrr1li6 'l-rorJrr-I JrrrlrLrtr rrn
JIJ e-rlrrr rtria,rlur aia-11-rdn:^ rJ-rl JtsJrV'Is^.rsuI tt,rttu,rza.tdr-t
rIrlriu,r+orr.-r(rh)ttusr'trurll:olcn{rr:i,rrdInso'rl-qrunttf'ul prrrl-r1rt3our:lr)r'eprzutJa+trarrtsrrlsl.urp8'JJtSr.rrmJ-Jmri:))
.riurl.rodurr ap rS rrrnrslrorrrrp ;rp 'atr-rptrrLrr JiJ+f-rclns r),rI
'tod1,- :t1t t,7t,:eprtI o '[1-l]lr rc{ iL'1.r1ir1S,r tr 'rir-r.rc{ urp lnulr Jd
'JpJrr()rlr lcl rsrrllr o Jp Js^ nl)
rlsnr rS Jl.rlrl JlSrrr lllt rs.-r-rr-.
-rrtrllr)zJ-r !)rrllrrq o .trrri '-ror,rJlln lrn-,r lrrr '.rtpt:s^f 'aratLrtl 61
i r:r lrptmclsr-t
)l mllrrrlqnc{ alrr r,rt:tdJlSLr ro,rr.r rS rrrrSr:rur Itsrr.).)rr !trrJ-rJ
tso+ rr Ll()rs r.r rrr :J.trrtrSl-rd rt:ur.rlJr Jlr.rrqJ.rtrtt t1 ur,rPunrlsr'-t
rrs J lrrrrlacl .rrr tr a-rcls alLrJr-rr+ns ttrrts trtclolu()l ls^()+ ts ,),ml
rt.rltt.trl InIl)Jur pLrr-rr,rci JIJtrp rS rnpr<r1qrt l'.rnl.rn-rls^ '.r,rJrir.r..t 1
r|r1 aIr)rralrrr nllr)laP ur nr.rlsu()-rJ.r rr JP ralr:lrlrqrstldLur JP
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rlrrrn(rrttt tJLrn rriE+ L|:.rIrrorilut-r],)ll 11rrs^ rnlllPorlr | |))tLl
t) ' ,,uytultJ;tldlc lttt .sr-1" tar Jlrr-reprsuoJ rrtn8t,urr rr Js^r.rJ-rd
r:rritlrJrrnlr;rs Lr LrJart rlsJ llu !lur.l-r()durr nrur trJf t'ru.r1c1r.,.rd
'(r)r,1rnlsle)rcrlrsrrl,trl u!llslrcrJ{ Jrr-lnrrlrrgFr'lurrrlirntrrrJt+-rolcnlrlf-rur(n)slri-a}(r)ll(n]rrrl
,rrrrll rtrrr
rriuJr-r-rd
rrrrflr,ro ltl.r-rp l,rrr !,rrle l;,rd-r.rlur rrjlrr,.r-r !lsrrarl: 1lr Inl
,r--cp,rJ)rtrlr:lgtrto!rr,S.\t)r.lJ'rorrtrJsrt-Jrirtfc,IrJur,uq,mrrfarllnrrrlrl-trsurrdnal)urrui1Ir'lrylr:a.,qlilnrurt(rtr)anrI.auLrrlsrrrrlJr-ip+ir[lulro-.lsrrrrrJ,rrrllssrr.-rJtdJ|lrilr-tc]t]luntlrri,:ll.(uJ1)t;rr,.;r1rir1l.;rlr1,tllrttstrrrstaual.rl.rrrrtln-rcrrdrJ:l
Jp trr.rlU rrstl :ls l-rEs 'rzrt:^r: ]lqrsottrrur 'lrr-rntrn.rls rparlrrrrl
1r:sJrtt tttt lriJ()lluqrrrrrl rrltntPsrarrz.irlrdJrrl.r)l,;rrltorsc^ llrlqrr,rrdntlr.JrrJl ,trrt,'or.:tp.r;.rrlltrtrlro-rd.rad
Ilr-rolr \r-rd
lrrr a.rrr.l IJ.) JlsJ rsns^rrr In()lqrl gr rlrrod nrrs',,rJl-irr Lrr,r()t:,^r((
JlrrlntLl r.trrrldrf IlLlrr\.r\lnu1lJ-l,llrsdlr-OrJ.lrrrnrrJt:l:-r\lLn:tlrutlt-fl;ricl.l-u)Lrrrr:.r.i-sr\Ltlr{itur.Jr slr^rlJloPd
Srpr rdnp'rtsa
J,rrro JIJ lUlls
ltLI pluEl-rodurr
:lrJ-r1r()lrrur-m'L:JLrr r.r,ra-rr:d .rr+tl-riorlqrcl IO^-rns
e-rrqr.rlur r:rur,rcI
-rrrL[ms ]sJrrr rrrp ple8ep JS rl
'IrlLrl,\!p crrrnrltr,r qlecl;"r rr-].rtrtLr tr Etf J-rLrf rr.rirprdru
-ITLLI :etulrlsJlo,rc{ t''t(lEtlga51E)e-sIstrlo,1ltr6to'gAe'ssrr.J.t,rI1pr-,Itrsal.tilIrrerrtFInilr(.)rlc'1lEt luf,.,rrJrpir
tsrto.r '11!,1x1s ut
l'pIn.r!^rpe ptrrrza-rda,r
i(iQrtE a t, s tt o tua8 u t qE n r.t tl tl dtu ts u)
11
r:srrcrur8rrr rrrind reur nu ,rri) '1:ldurrs^ ar,roiialr: () JlsJ inolqrl
'(lSC I ) 11a1se9 n,rluJd '1,.attt1Se-rr IJlLIIPJ-rr tnltrlraclsa:
rrrrllrnLritlr()f 'rur,rrtniqll,nrrr:rrrLnLlnr!,rrJ.rqorlrl.rIorirrt,sr J1JurruSrrrrlrrulrlunr n-rtrrrd
Irll(),r llrolqEl
lr.nroprld o r+ -rrr
foartc real, c,rre-1 inglObcazi, ca r'stc cil Lln scrln :rl unei
,,.rltc" irre .r,Ir,tri. f rrrlcratn Jc Ap,,r t'stt' p,rr'.r1.'li . u su1.r'1i'.q1,1
t,rbl.rtrltri irtt(.il'.ltul. trist.t () z',lt.t - r'.trtLi.tl.i - tttldt'cott-
t;rctr.rl inrlc ccle dor-ri cler-ine pLltcnlic c:.r o sr-rcluri: ran-r:r
tablouitri rap()rti.rt ct-,incide pc c{r'11.r lrtr,u'i - sus 5i l,r dreaptir
- cu rama t;rbloului inte qrator. Avcn.r rleci arcr o zon:i ce cle -
fineqte itrscrarea ca reirrgic dc nezdruncin.rr. Intrc supr.rf.r!;l
tebloului r:rp()rt;rt 5i ce:r :r t.rLrlor-rlui illtcgr.rt()r sc ;rll.i f.m.i;r.
L,r1 e ste pr-irrsi, su,prinsi, triplr-r inc.rcir.lt;-r: cit t(' pt'oie clctrzLi
pc tabloul drn fundal, este ref lccL,rz,i (inr-izibil, aluzir.) dc
citrc oglin di, rapreze ntati clc inc,rclr,rrc'.r t;rblor-rlui in
,rnsarrblr-r1 sau. I)in acc:-rsti tripli rclatic incatlranti, elcmcn-
tlri .,e1 mrri putcrnic, dclirritoriu estc, ciesigur, r;1nri1 t;r-
bloului. Err estc cca crarc lc inglobe.rzi pc'cclelatc si c;rre 1;rcc
posrbilir, 1,r nrnr,r LlrlncIor, rcprcze ut;.rrcir.
Pcrson.rjr-rl (,,clrimuito:rrcrr") sc rrfli, leti clc ce le trei in-
caclrin opcrate rrici, intr-r-r rei:rtie tr-iplir. Atitr.rcline:r sa :rrc
insi, or-ic;rre :rr li sr-rprrrf;rg:r 1,r c,rrc o rep()rti1r, un eler-r.rcr-rt
c()11st11nt: incliicrcntJ. E;r nu se r,rit.r in aglincli, r-rr,r privcstc
t.rbloul agil:rt pc pcrete, nLl pozcazar in fatr Irict.',r'rrltii c.rL'.1
C,rdlr-r1 reprcz.cntirii ii
rc;rlizirt t:rblor-r1 in :rns:rnrLrlul sr'rr-r.
pcrn-ritc privitorlrlui o vcclcre,,fu g;rri",,, i nci iscrcti". Ircnr eirr
este ,,sLlrprins:i" c:r din intinrpl;rrc, in ii'rtcriorr.rl siLr c;rsnic,
cl:rtoriti clrpr-rrii inc,rclr,rntc :r tablor-rh-ti. Nu c,r e ste ;rcccrr c.rrc
s-;1 :r$e zat, clir.r vr cr-u.r nrotir- c)arcc.1rc) ir-i i:rtrr oglinzii, ;r
./udccd1ii tlc AS,ei, dinaintea gcr',rlctuhri 1r-ri Vennccr. Err
sLlstinc o relrrgie car-c vinc dc altr-rucier,l, tle le o:rlti vointrr.
Asisti.nr 1,r o Pr-rncre ir.r scctri ingcnio:rsir, (l;rt()r:rti picttrn-tlui,
cirrr,rl crrrci c;rr;1cte1'accidcntrrl, clc pr-rr.haz..rr-ci, cste sul,liniat.
Ni se ofe ri astiel posibilit;rtea dc ,r r-ctrr.ri rlrrtcle repre zcnt.-rrii
intr-o ()pc ratitllrc cc echir',rlc,r zl cv c,tc r-, n sl t' r t i r sc tt s u I tt i.
Protluccrc,.r scr-rsultri estc sarcin,r principeii incre dintari
discLrlsr,rlLri r.lp(,r't.rt. 'fablotrl-in-trrblou, aici si .rltltnde r-,r,
u\rc qr('Lt inrc[iqibil firi foc.rliz,rr.t':r unLri ltoLl rip c'lc scrtrn
c:lre-gi facc aparitia in secolr.rl al X\/1-lee pcntnr rt inl'lori ?n
sccolul a1 XVII-le a: enrblen-rrrll.
S-a cliscut,rt rr-nrlt, in Lrltinrri ilni, irsLrpril posibiiititilor
ur.rei lectttri enrblcr.n;rtice .r Ii.i1, ,'t1 zis. ,,r'calistc'' rlirL scc,rhrl
rl XVII-1ca. i);lltiz,rnii c,r.5i ,rclr-cr.s:rrii rLnci irscnrcnc;r lcctr.rr-'
.tr-t rlesfi5'.irat un intreq,rrsen.rl dc',trgunrcnlc cc lru Vi1 pt-rta'il
fi rcpctat rrici-ri. in clisculie, s-.r;.,icrilLrt pr)lrte prt::r..lcis cii',
vcdcre insr,rqi st;rtLrtLli clc carc bcnciici.r cnrblcnr,r in secolr-rl ,rl
XVIi-lca qi incider-rta rrpiute pc crrrc ir ;-r\:Lrt-() ilce;lst;r i'rsupr:1
lunrii rcpr-czcntilii. Pc c,rlc.r clcschis.i cie forni,.rl.r pilnof-
slri.rrrri,r,,sinrb,rlisnrr-rlui deqhiz.rt" (llisgrrisctl st'ntltctli:nt34),
s-rr deviirt tclul enrblcr.r-rci proicctincl-cl in donrcrriul ele-
l()2
e6r
drqr ur EAal puElrJrldxa atnqutu atsrLr") rrJtertsSooH Lrr,r
rnl rrrplnLLrro+ ]r Jrxopp-red yn-rctrr-r?J EtE-rB o LLrnf !dnC
'6sQiau1
--eltlaqrolrJsriril-ro4stqJlql?apioarqrnwEp(rntlytarrnpa[t"qr )uiartlqudrxapsondggsparrrrdl8ror]uouEu,rrJ
e-,, uq:nttslltorluradr-er l'"e,rltsaIurIueu8laErrrlulLlalrrrJloLor-rJeLrLllmr'ura'ua,r aJtls;raco'rnerpaot'rerc;,rl,s.S,S,ooL"ror.JHrt.slorlualraurEcl{-\'J5"J,rontr,^lrrtnarrtzarJadlp))
-totllI t-tl]" a-rrl ',,r-rnloqurrs" ep nEs ,,a;r1;^o.r,rrr1" )p ',,rzr.\
-ep" cp J-rrqesoap a,rds '-rar-nsarral,q arrnc{s au ',,1rqrlir1otrir
a,)sJrtcj"strLrulJrlcnllrSuglr'.pttlirvrttEftSL:trua.rt)u.Jltq)L'llrlrIJr'lllrlrlrJrrlJUts)lug^ pqrlrzsar'!.?)lsslEJa\!llr
rrl 'srlrs tp usdtlnolqrt rrn rrp',,no1qrt acr;" otrod 'pp1rd ap
'-rbr-r;tnr Lnl-.uLrr 'JrJLUa+ g 'qredo Jtse EOletrltsag 'rc,,arrnrir.r
e-tsp1rErsLdUrijJqt;ur"o rurrrdlAaerlouJjallr-Ltr'r1r-LrlnrrnLrrplrL:r-nr"lur.nr)sJUrrorlo"d'ra1rrr'"-rror,l:nrvt."d
atxatlrof tsJf? ur mllrlot ar ap rS rc(y ap u1t,t
-apn['npvSe'ac ag 'e;?urqlr]oJ ep rS e"ietrelrs ap arrrtrir:-ttdcr
o-JlurP rllnzJ-r - icclLr,ra^ r.t].l ,dJyour'lurtt,t(J ur - lls f JtBl
-noN'Juusa-rr rar;r';SoLrofr Ill,,crsr1r" rnlnr-rot-rodr"r tltlE]
ltttnn;drrrr un JtsJ :l,tutodurrp rt'toc1 pp ylrJl.rt-+ ',,cl1orr" JLrrB
-ELLrr o JtsJ nN 'gcrdn prnrruJlqura art.rasur o JtsJ nu rcdy
ap uwtapu[ 'arinrsrp rrr snd r]sJ us urtutrlllol ur rnlnolqel
llurlssutJJsOrVJ 'trutrrrEotruu6rrJ 'eLto.{ gtuaza-rd o JtsJ (t,,,dV cp uluttprtfi
roun tsJ-rEJJsnr rrr,rcl,,-rtr1a1d1116-1" ir,ns
(qpur13o'pirrrltq'ai,rad) rlnELLrolqrur rlJtJerqO'rnrllrurr
tS alrarqo ep rlralsrs lrn nJ elt+ r-Jp rLrJ,tE'-rJeur-rJ1 EJ
'atlltsap, cp ltJJf? :!tr.rJ+rp Intot nf .tri:xrn.1
o ).rtr frTrrl.rrrdllrraiil-q-rrrirlJraIrn]1Eetrr3o'aadfrsltrsLnLtutJltIqltrtr,r,,Jr,orp1-ar+1rrtruur"a1aJp,r!aInnrptJurJL]l
-rllrrr
o Lmr-rJrurJJ,\ lns-rJluap ur Nape,\ u ]trap ',rrprSr 'solpburr,rc{
ruLrr JrLLrrN'9rEJ Jp trsc{r1 atsa al rJOr r:1 atrnriu,r'(ureuot.utes
suuw) lnru JlsJ al ?Jlf e1 sr13 ryt r,a i(utuluautLlu.to stllvtu')
luJrlnrLr,ro rrn r-ltpLrup trloEzcp JtsJ JJ uJJf, rrl '(uuluaureld
-Luot \ttt)D. strqu) sLIJS un r-npur-rJ+uoJ prl alsJ Jl uaJt rl
pHnupc -rs ua l(r;rsrLI sPoqrtt'oJt)rtlnnnoluJotsJs]sEJSuEuorrlo'^(lLartllputuu^ra_uratlul uJ:))
Inlaljns rzllolnLuns
'a:oor1d rS ariu;8 txJt rntrn rBnrpr '1a orrncls 'rrurlqruJ :sntrr,r
-lV tfJp uapundsu e,rEqaitur llsrJr? rJ itxat un-rllrr tu,rJ5^
-uI plEP O 'lllltl ap dil nou InlsalB r:ticrtnl Jtse J,rtl ,rEC
I,LnrrinrsuJcr'lf.rlfr',!ts.'^raquEner,ddTp'srt,lrrrJ;aAprL,nrrr,druLliraruip, r1!'1J'1srpiJr1'po1Irg6rnfd:-,os".-;)r*.dr"1IJrS,{)tJLl]J.u,'lirlr.i1i'[]rq,'rr;bu,raT,LL,r1:rirtlllrl,ri,t.lrdl rur;"l
-j1.1.rs.rp" l.l lLrU,)l) lrlp tLlll'p r',.trrd utrr,rlqru.r rrJ pLrrrr,)pr\
-rtof, 'tststu ro,ruluaza-rdJJ Il-tltlrrrrJlt u-s 'snld rrr 'ri rnlnrr.rtrii
disirnuiat"), inserlia enrblematici nu echir.:rleazi cu Lln selrn
transparent. la,,ii face si ralio11eze 9i si gindeasci pe cei
care co,nternpli aceste imagni "+0, ea ,,ii procuri citirorului
care-.i descopgr? in sfarsir telr.rl 9i intelesul o placere srranie,
ce aduce de altfel foartc rrult cu senzatia incircati de acela
care, dupi indelungi ciutiri, ajunse pAni ler umri si de-
scopere un lrumos ciorchine de struguri sub frunzigul
des"41. Aceasti descoperire nu esre iotuqi oblieatorle.
Ciutarea in sine este insi importanti. Emblem:r esre un
sernn poliscnric. Aceea5i ernblirrrA poarc a\ca o cxplicalic
sociali, arnorolsi, religioas.i, cc tariiaza dupi conrcxtul in
care se insereazd42. Cazul n-iecanisilului enblenratic seamini
cu dinamica visului. Descartes gtia ceva, atunci cind spunca
ci ,,lucrurile, care ne sLlnt reprezentate in somn, sint ca
nigtg tablouri 9i nigte picturi"+1.
Este impresionant intr-adevir si remarcS.rr currr incer-
cirile de ,,a descifra" tabloul iui Vermeer au oscilar mereLl
intre cele doui modalititri, care, incepand de la Freud, au
iost descrrrrrate sub rrunrele de ,,corrdeusrrc" (Verdicbttrng)
9i de ,,deplasare" (Verscbiebung)aa. La inrrebaree de ;r s1i
daca Judccata dc Apoi este o figuri de sir-nilarrr.ate (Verdich-
tung) sau o figura dc contisuirate (Vcrschicbttng), dac) r.r-
portul cu rabloul care o inglobeazi_este deci un i'epo.t .rso-
ciativ sau sintagmatic, pe scurt daci trebuie ,,cititS" ca
merafori sau ca metonimie, s-a incercat si se dea rispunsuri
clare gi, intr-un allunre scr.ls, prea tran$antc. Va rrebui poatc
sd se aibi in vedcre candva sr glisiriJe inevitabi]e intre celc
doui rnodalitigi.
Important pentru monent este faptul ci tablor-rl lui Ver-
meer solicita din partea privitorului un exercitrir: de imagi-
nalie (lectura ,,emblematici") dublat de un exercitriu al
vizului. Punerea in sceni a mecanicii vizuale utrhzeazi un
repertoriu redus, esen!ial: fereastra ca surs; de lumini,
oglinda, dalajul in perspectivi, tabloul cu rami neasri sunt
tot atatea suprafege ce linriteaza (sau prodr.rc) irnaginea pic-
tural5. Fali de toare fonnele-cadru carc strucureali imlei-
nea veermerian5, cea din urrni se prezinti ca o altelitate ab-
soluti: peretele.
,,Pere1ii livtzi" ai lui Vermeer au atras atentia inci de 1a
,,redescoperirea" operei sale, Dinaintea Strizii din Delft,
acelagi Thore-Brirger exclami: ,,Nimic altceva decit un zid
[...]! Dar ce culoare!"45. Iar J.-L. Vaudoyer lauda, 9i el
(referitor Ia Femeia cu colier de la Muzeul din Berlin), ,,acest
perete a-lb, care nu este niciodati intr-adevir a1b t...1, ciruia
Vermeer gtie s5-i confere prelioasa calitate a perle i"ao. Toare
acestea i9i gasesc apogeul in celebra pagirra a iui Prousr re-
larand rroartea scriitorului Bergotte in faga ,,micului frag-
1,94
S6I
rrn :SJrlELrlc]qLrre iollJEltrJSJalur 3,,rlr-naLLroJS EruJrlJS"
'qrrrrtlrs trr 'r-rJ;o ,Lup ep atpoTt+raL,.rg ts V 'tn-rqdsrp r: q1u
alararad rS (aruu.r) eure; '(a1e;nrcrd) g1e-rnrrrd (a1aia;e-rdns)
r:ir:lr.rdns a-rtLrrp 'glrriuasa 'treunrsua; 'Jearu-rJA lnl Ir
lurro rlrrlttour rnln rlr^E,rl IullsIue'aslr-rrStarrzLeraororE,rnllrarpurLa]stroaopHgarrq,r'edaotarrr
-npJ,r EtsrJf,e yalr:,red
nc
gie.p:dns o trlrJ^ep r rrrld lnurud urp In,ro^or 'trS-rr;s rr1
rnl r?euJPEorltrrllurtzrqu_arxPt]]?- ]ar lEseP nJqrlrLIIJ tlp un-rtrn
r"ara-rJrrout_rnlal]lr\r-rp rnlnrrntls
,,Jtrlnou" ltlr o -
-lnoJruptqeJdrg-rJs'rLnrrlnaoplq!ElulLllrn-rrnird.rslsaurrrz,,upr-lErtnoi"rralr;.rrrld'sasrglqc'JsrJr-prersaurtrsJJ,pr
rrrolql nlnpfiaa.rttsrrrrnpuuarnlastra-rrSa-da'-^irul rproSn3eopaptatdr;rot yrrand(y
ro 'cur8rrur o ap
t 'O rllooH o(I
u1 trrur-rd u 'rtrl-rodr,r raur8rurr nr JrllJIErp pour rrr rrrori:un1
':.r.rru.r.rA t[ 'JJr]--r JIJlJ,rad ''rrxel1a-rolr-tr nrs rnln)^u.rs r,rdnsl
r-Snl1r.-rrr'IrrtunrH^rL:?rutrpItE-rorrdrrr-rrLrrrnallnqtoralqrrnl lensrlr,rrardssrr-prdrnrsrJUrrSrJlrilrrrEr anl;uirri:rinr.st
'rlrz-rrl rrllr rlm r,rriur -rJJrLrJeA rnl rnlnolgr:t o-trrp rr rlt()oH
rp -raroid a-rpr ad ecrlde,r ar'-rrprslror ", :iT];.,:irlr,;i]i.:l.]r,
t:odns tdarp rr.r.rrs trH-nJou,mlnq3ylrl1Ieuncl,opr lrql,cprtrIaltll'a;trrc1ilp;rnirlu.rrs.rrIS:n,dpr"ur:rtr-rrur-rrrl]rrr1E1Ip1qtnrr:1pp)
uodns td.r,rp uc-r.,rrs
yluuluq ?tJ ptau'ral
o :JlErurlqns nt,rJ ap-inlrrcielalrr otrr'!-r Jp fr.res o '(rzelsr alsa
rr''r!rut8Jrn.r-rrrO.rrtu,rlSre'rrrrp)Irrgtartlraa,r.,t--sIrrarzrud:rpz.arzidc,a\ltIotrlul.cprilg]roriziurron:rdoJrsrpiJrr-prLr"crsil;ruliui)rrr1(irl-Jq-rirJri'i.rl'n'ri,rrr-z.irn\rJrrroar1,irqlIc-arr{JtlE;r'p;rr,!lrLrunrtaco,qzdr.t8rrlLn:darzrattsl',-rarr
,,!^ItJJds,IJcl nl Jrtnr" Etr,Tp,\apr o rtrrod nus rrLIr-u-ioclsur,rl
ci'ynlnt3dldrr'ulQerDrrrturlnruEr tllatl1)lz1rI-,rtrrrpnlrLslnrLrrdrrrrJlZtE-sgJors-r.1rutdrruuror(-lrr-sra,-anrrpupBr)nrnt')Jolxa,lrttlEnctLli'cuarl.ufs1)ir)ns.Itn(tr1rorsnlrJqlt,isrrtorrJstPrL+irarrrEtl.'l\9-rrr6art,rsl9urtn1rertLfr\Eurrr
utalSuortnr gs 'pirrr,rr,rd !lsrJrr rrr 'lrrtrsJ,ralur Jl,rrroj rJ -iV
';t1r,rrurrcl
tt,rt:lrtaza-rdr,r E rlilJJJtsrp rJUn E Elrefs rrr ro,rrund -rJrLLr-rJ
rn1 urado rrrp Jr+ (rsnsrir rnlnolqrr r u1r:-rntrrd rtr-+u"idns r^I
rnlata,rad rr pqlr cir:.1r"rdns r:1 ap) ,roi rrsr,rllo.rcl '(m1n-roualrrr r
a;utriazl,rc{a,r rso rF rla-r nolqcr/qlE ar.r,rrd) rnln,rotr,rr.rd r rbol rp
UI '-Ir)lT-InLIt'id trarLursa.lnq ',,titta;a1rp" q-rnd cr rlrttz.l,rcl .rs
ur,olu-rErtrrr .L.t,nrrrrtrrft;,ruu'rar'n(tr11so;3rzneypltar-nriicdta,,;rirllcrl,rrdJntusrfruzrrprlqFipiprrruarr
-r1; e-sro8rrr
!rrj!8r arrr8lurr !lsuJfE Jp !rr.l'B;3eau rLrrrr,r ES rJ,rrru r1l lEl
(f--t<rde-t Inlnolqut r:iuaza-rd rn.r d' zr a,La o lut Lu !: t rr r',ttr:rnrlq ns
llI11S E:^ ,a1p17fu.t11LJ;/ rS lrtt-Lra,id 'rn1ata-rad uaIL1 ttJtua)tuv
'rr,to1unclnrrt -ro,rntnl rat,re lirrasalrirrll r+ r rlr,raprsuol
p.rtrtrrc-l ap qsard 'thaCI ulp uuaprA rrrp ,,uacipF 1)rz ap turur
nrccillrism cle ,,inciiciri" 5r de ,,inrrct.iie ri", dcveuit sieli eb-
stract:1.
Rcpre zcntare a untti ,,rablott-it'r-trrbior-t" poate li de ci
consicle rati crr o opcraqiur.re viztind r-tn disclrrs tttct.r-.trtistic,
carc pulre in joc cfatelc cxtreme ale pcrete'hri dczgolit 9i ale
irrr.ru,irrii pictLr r'.rlc. Atc.t.L.t ol)cl'.llittrtc pLtilt', p1i11 l'ccLlr.qcl'('J
1a gicfa de tip emble n.t:ttic, probler-u,r cortstrr-tirii scnsr-tlui.
Ma vor opri acunr .rsLrprJ unr-ri caz lin'rit;i, si :rnuutc
ilsLlpra discuriultti alttL)l'r)s c(,ltstrLlit Irin ttt;ruipttlare:r itl.r-
einilor raportate. Dispturcnr dc r,u.r fo,rrte bun cxerttpllt, in
iare eroticul se prczintir sub foru:r r-tnci tchnici cortrbina-
toni. l-stc vorba cicsl.'L-c drrr-ri rrbltruri tl.rtrtrate 1r,ri G'rbrie I
Metsu: Birbatnl tr', iind r..t stt'israrc s,t I:c'ncia citind o
scrisoare (il.76,77). Prin climensjrtnile 1or (52,-5 x -10,2 cur),
factr-rr,l gr subicctul 1or, ce le c-lottir tablouri for-rt-rcazi fari rttci
o indoiirl;i o pcrcche4s. Ne afl;in-r in frrq;r a clou,i jnragini cou-
eePLlt(' C,r irrtlt'|r'rtdcrrtc 5i r'illllullit Jlltc tr rtt td.lli. L)cperr-
clcnta 1or- nu este oblig,rtorie, ccle cloui rrblor.rri rteitirrd
racordirte fizic, irrr faptul ci ele n-i:ri sr-rbzisti irtci :rstizi, tutttl
lingi altul in aceeaqf coleclie, se clatoreaza doar irttintplarii
(qi lansei). Conexiuncrr pe c.1rc pli,'irorr.rl trcbuie s:i o stir-
bilcasci intre cele doui ir-r:rgini cste de orclin rttetrtal. F-stc
vorbir totuqi de o ccnexinne exet.ttplari irl tllirsr,rra in care e :t
susciti proccsul de comunicare it'r siue: r.t scrie/ a primi tt
scriso.rt'e; ctttiterca l'cL('pal'c.l ttrttti Itlcr,lj.
Seria tablourilor (clrrtoratc lui Ve rurccr, Te rborch, Metstt,
Dirck Hals etc ) replezcntalrd frc acqiunea scricrii,, fie_pc
aceca a prlmrnl uner utistvc, ttttnrir:i zeci cle exentplc. Dar
i"nrtccarrr.e.,.u-bu"r.mnaeireuunu- ltdreinbuciecisdi osiubtelirrm"rieettrrri f.rptul -..1.- ittr.rciuj
ai comunic.irii (fic
eniterc:r, fie rcccptale:r) apare redrrt irt ruod vizibil. Accst:r
este r.rnnl din nroiivele interesttlui crceplion;ri prezentat clc
,,c{ipticul" 1ui Metsr-r, care reulre$te cele dou:i tt-totuente,
viziralizind er-nilitorul (cxpeclitorul) qi clestinatarul ttrrul
al:ituri de altul.
Ace asti cotrexittne iiueari a celot- cltrr.li inlrrqili e .te
intiriti de o ;rltir: un t:rblou rapoltL-tt estc agir.rt r'tr;.1;rnui .l,li
al fiecireia dintre cclc dor-ri ii-nasini. Asist.im astfel 1a cotr-
struirea unei reqele dc inrplicatii cirrc opereazi cu patru tcr-
nr.'rr i/ inr.rgi n i dcod.rt.i.
elegi,ainpt .irinriburlicra-otl,cr,aL$.er1zi1,,tclliipoticmualusi"i
(\1.76), sc vecie Lrn tarl;ir
acopcriti ctt uu covor de
pre! 9i cu n-ratcrial cle scris. El cste pe cirle cle a reclacta o
icrisoare. Paliria sa este :reilati cle spitarul sc,rr-rnr,tlui - cle-
talir: carc vrea poate si ie dczviluie cri rir-rirul cste 1111
cilitor in trecerC. Ziua, prin fereastra deschrs:i spre inte rior,
196
l6I
souEq? JP PrLrE.r nr nolqrt un atss,rEz es 'utdrJ-rp BI '.Epuri8o
aop'arrran-rtrpdlVad'ra'rratsrel.lrJt+edIsu
tlr?rtsqr InursJp !tral+r-r IpurlSo
u1 'ra1rz trulrunl eurq rELu
rnrr-rd r
n.ntrad (llrqrzr,t urgr-ap rsirr atsa 'p,rrsrqlr eap:ed Et-rl1ls o n:)
!11-tzlAa.rd 'e,itsra.ral) g,rtsEa-rJ+ J-rtrf rlulrrllrrr auri o Eq 'tsArs
-nu nrl r nltnrd (tr1:p ad tl1zel r p-rrtr8ep -rrp '11s rrrlJunu
-cF od !_rlrr IIJE rlrLlr os rrr,rad) l?po.rq nus ltsltf, rrrp rdrlc
o u,rtriad tr-rdo r-s (iar-rao 'putur-rtr1 ep ttaSrrrur rS .rr:tdard
'Jsetuur ap arqco,r) trSoq tu€LUSa,r n:r E,TtuEt o Jpult 'zar18,rnq
'1r) nolqu rrelrop IV
-IOI.IJILTT LIn-rtlrr arnpo-rtur au (77 o
'luozI-Io r1 rirrnur etsru rS r-roq-rE etsru 'snrd.t,r Lrr llllr-rnt
n: ':rlocnq [rsrod rrn 'q]r-rnr rSruJOl o--urrr lltlrm,rur 'ala-rad a4
'll-ttsJrJt qo1?i
'aI-Ils a-rrf ad un EJpa^ atrod JS 'tr1c-rrc rnlnrulaE Int!.rrpul
ert,rrq Jp rruoJ rS rnlnruq-rqq lndrrlr uzrrrrrtrnl
' 1lr ll
Ir'i-)Jl()')'PrrrJJ-tl
lPr,LL{U)ir.}ra.Nl,oC'^ui_.i\llJ(lElnP,a(rJ)g
'urLrJl 'J-9g l r-n!r
',1 t/roil lfi
t) luut.)i.tD'lt1s1trr.ll.\
i,rr.r(lfi) 91
'-:;i-*r ,i, .:li
reprezentind o nt;rrini. Slujnictr-ntcsage r'.r t'idicr l''r-rtin
dr.rpcli,r r-crdc crlc .reop('l-ir t.rbloul, tlcsc'ol.clirrd,rsr l cl url
1l':lqnrcnt dintr-o iurtutrri in larqrrl rrr,irii. F a inttrrrre e sp.rte lc
privitonilui gi pare a fi absorbiti in conrempl;rrc. Cu gileat;r
rezemati pe Lln qold, cu piicul scrisorii inca in ntin.i, ea
afteapti - putelr prcslrplule - rispunsul. Un citelr-rg ii
n-iiroase partea c{e jos a rochiei. Alre det:rlii cornpleteaz.i
acest sllnrar interior burghez, riivisit clc sosireir mcsajului.
Ficcare dintre acestc doua tablouri r'rre stnrcrurr unui in-
stalrtanclt: tin-ipul lor cste prezentul. l)iure nsiunea rellpo-
rali nn intervine decit in joncliunea 1or. Daca in-r;rqinea izo-
l;rti reprezinti doar Llrl nromellt (ciilatrrt) ;rl unci icliuni (cl
scrie/e a cite gte o scrisoar-e), conexiuucrr cclor dor,ri t;rblouli
irnplici decalajul ternporlrl. Privirorul r'ccle cele clor-r;i mo-
lnente, in mocl simultirn. Tin-rpul este dc)ar inrplicirt: cl se
situeazi in interstitiul cirre sep:rri cele doui inrirgini. l)ar,
p€ntrLr privi torul celor dou:i tirbl or-rri, ilccils r.i tenrpo lal i r.r te
abserrti., implicati, ,,nu lace istoric". Ragiuncir cle i fi :r jux-
trrpuncrii imaginilor lrLr cstc ircee:r de ;r pernrite reconsti-
tuirea timpului alb carc lc separ:i (transportare:r scrisorii), ci
este scrisoareir insigi. Aceast:r din umra este, la umra
urmelor, singurul elcment rccllrcnt: scrisoar-ca este vizibil,r
atit in voletLl sting, cit qi ir-r voleul drept al ,,dipticului".
Prirrtr ()Jrrr, ca ilp.rre c,l un drcpruughi de h.ir ric pe c.rlc .le ,r
fr unrplut de semne. rr doua oari e ste o foare scrisri in curs dc
descifi'are . Mei nult inci: pe voleul drept, scriso:rre21 s-a ,,di-
esre in-
vizat": plicul pe care slujnica il tine intre dcgcte
veligul exterior al n-res;r1'ului, dublur,r sa. Asistin-r aici lir o
puncre in scenii, cu ajutorul imaginii picr;tre, a unui proccs
conlunlc,rtrv ccntrat p.e o ebserrtir dc tcrt, s.1u, pclttl-u e {i lrrei
preci5i, pc inaccesibilrritrea s.1..
E,risti tablouri, d:ltoratc Lrnor col'lrcn-rporatri tri ir-ri
G:rbriel Metsu, in care continutul scrisorii este red;rr in nrocl
vizibila9. Existzi 11tcle in ctrre,,secretul" este accenrLlar
pritttr-urt pcrson.rj ce priveg^te pc tuli5 fcsr(.r.lnrarrul eiri-
tortrlui sau al enrititorului50. In urej,'r'ir,rrail clzurilor, irrttie -
mai ca la Metsu, scriso.rre"r estc vizibila nnm;ri ca sr-rprafati
u;rtcri:rlti, ca sLrport:rl unui nles;lj, firl crr sLlbstilu!il s:r sir fic
ficuti accesibili privitorului.
Presupunind ci un tablou este ficut penrrll rr fi ,,privir"
gi nu pcntru a fi ,,citir" - par a vl'cir sa spuni pictorii olan-
dczi -, trebr.rie sh rre nurllunrirrr cu ('ec':r ce pierura po,rtc
transr-uite intr-adcvir5l. Dar aceast;. declar;rtie nll esre cx-
pliciti, din-rpotrivi: integrarca scrierii in rablourile olandeze
se inteurei:rzi pc fornre mixte ale receptirii r.rnci inr.rqini, re-
ceptare iir care conterr-iplarea irnirginii gi clescifrare:1 tcxrului
198
6(r I
l'!l 1..'lLLt()l ('i ll5- t1l1l.t()lt-\i r(,1 ,,J.I)P).\ .11,-]5 11.1,r1()" ,rr\.) rl\ltri\
llrl ,lllrrldr)" ..rtsi .r.n'.) .).rir.riu1rr{rl)r ,lP .\1lrz1)11srl) lsJ.rl'
rrl 111 l(lrt 1l{)1r iirlt ru,rrrirlqlls !s.r.llr!.rlllrlJ,ll ll'l\ 'a\i'ili()lLtL'
Tr,l ():. 1i):, l' 't.l 1_( 1'11'r111yr1t.r 'tt[;.]r)] ilt 1'ltrli.u-.1 '.i'\r.t.r\ 1'(llUIl
'lrLtp t ]ttrrrr-r .1 rrr 'r'S,r lt().) l\r.r\- titllt.:,,'li'l[\ ],' lt r\ ra ,t.l ,l
t|.r1li1 tl Utiti.t(l.ri r/r// r iln L'ltS.r.rJU illllilt'\-rtLt t ilts,l(
r.'.r,lf i
.r.zrr,rUrLt.-1s,rl) 11,.i'-l)lfs,)ut" i\ ..Irtrr1rl" :|i,tt
lltllit lrr l.tOtlrts Lrt 1r,r.rLr(liir rts ils)'tt,Il'.rtltltltt,rt li' .rtztl lltlt'ut'.r
'lil t)r'tl.i0.-) 'f,lll1()lsi(lJ irJ.r|.riLJ11rLlr) I ir'-rf \.r..,rii lrlrs) !il(l
-rs,rt1 ,r..rJ ).lrr llr llsr 1'.1 r'r.ri,,l',/,r, !rrlJ r]) lrrzr.r ll"i,.',r,1. ),'
-lir.l ,,!Li,)il,) \" :ir'.ir,],"'.1',1' .:-'i',;' ri ltli,)lllr.r!r'.i, ll.rlir.r \ :l,rli
-JLLI)!tt ,r1t LzLr,rttrtrl-:1' .r-r1rrtLtl-r"1tt,)t tri) I11,l11!l.rLr r I ,ir' ,)lll,rLLi,rt,l
.rir'll,li-) '"i()lrurf,rrilll r'l,lf i(llr.P,r1) ril.r(l L'lilrl l ' '' r lrlin l\.)1
rlill,ls(1rr rpLlll'.rlj1l.'Srl, ttr ..rllltl.ttltltll" Illrl-').lt, I I ,;ir )1ir)llll+
/-v
l? \:.:q:::
:!:i?l L
*,? €q ":
l: !-, 4
I {i
' :'
':..,
i, ' '
.. -:
w
inrrrginc(ini)i Spionirrr, 2rsrr(1;rr, (si percepcnr) u.n nrcsirj in-
crLrclg:1t, c;1r-c ilrt ei1 su[)stelr!i, toenrrri (si irr nrocl p.rrrrdor:rl)
,,rrr csrrjr-t1 ".
,,Scriso,rr.ca clc'clr,rqoste" ca nresrrj cLr rcglll; firc cstc r-ur
fcnot-t'tcn inr;rort:rnt in sccoh,rl el X\/1I-lc.r5l. Nunrc'ro:rsclc
1l:urLl;1ic epistol,rrc, nr,ri ;rics fr,rncezc (cl.r- r'cpc(lc t, rrclr-rsc in
ol,rnclczi) t>feri spcctrrcolul r-tnlri gen liter-,rr al cir-ni intcrcs
r-czicl.i tocnr;ri in rrccrlstri oscilaqic ir-rtrc cocl si nrcs;r1.
Scrisorilc LrArc sunt preT.clrtrrte in clc' sunt nrcs:rjc fictivc,
ncirv:i.rtrl vrtloarc clecit c.r nroclcl. Scriso.rrca din rrr:rnr.r,rie
olrcri r,ttr mcsaj c,rre lru estc dccit nr,rscrr unr-ti cod; r.rn c,,c1
f,tcr-it cl i scr-lr-5 i v, su b i1i) irre 11 t.'r nrcs :lJ Ll I Lli.
Iati un :rstfe l tlc ercnrl,lu:
,,Donr rrisorrri,
];rti scnsorirc.r pe ('.rre irrtr:rtit a1i dorit o l...]\to pronri
sesenr cLl ntr,tltt' jurirrrintc; Cc i1('Lnr v o trinrit cLr nrult.i fitlcli
t:rte | .. .I ().rrc e c desl.it.rrt veti gisi citincl .rcc.rsti cpristoli sclis.r
cu o panl .rtit rle lipsiti rlc r',rlo;rrc,3t conrpus:i intr o lirrbir
.rtit rle ncvretlrrici |...I Nefericjt discr-rrs ce nri r',r tlczvilr.ri
pf('stlllJ-'.
Ritrl pe c.rre.rL',sen!.r lo;istri nri l pror-o;rcr-r cstc:rtit tle nr.rre
ir-rcit ntr cristi pencl crlrer sii I porrti irriali5,i cLlnr \c eur inr, nicL
conrle i c.trc si I porrti dcscric intr rrrlevr-tr [... ] Crctlc:rnr cir
indcpirtirrcln nrrl rlc frLrrno5ii vostri oclii, puteilir s.i mi
incleprlrtcz pasi u ne,r5 I.
Lir oqlindri ;rp,rre rind pc rlnd clipul inrbrrj,,r'.tt.
Drrr prisind in.rpoi clisp;rre inclrrtii:
Astl'cl o irrinrrl rrcst.rtornicr'i se sripLrne sclrirrbirrii,
$i 1di uitirii pc iLrbit, in..l,rta cc e1 p1e,rc'i55.
Fericit;r Oglincli cici prin .'ericre.r t,r
C,,rr1g1111t111 zrtr.t itrrt'i zcit, i
Ahl err estc';1pr()i1pe 1'ericc crr si de o Vesricic
Fiindc;i dc atate ;r ir,rbiri li c chipr,rl str.ilunrin:.Ltl
Vedcti cunr Anrornl insn5i c slrflet,.r r li str.ilr.rcir.crr,
Si privindLr-r,ir in torrti sple nclo.rre,i irrbirii
Err este oglind.r r-orrstrr-r N chipLrl \-r)strLl clc'opotrivi5r'.
N .rnr gisit;rltii consolarc tle lr plccrrc,r nrtrt. t]ccit Pc ilcecir.1
unui p.lstor .ttl:rt dcpartc cle scunrP,r-i ;,.rrric, \.1u fre .l\ Le.l
inccrc;itri de un coribicr rtunci cincl itLrl,.rn,r il inrprcsoer,r rle
pirrtc cle l)ort5/.
Donrr.risorri, reri 1i irstepten(l inci:iccste crrribii, pe erre
r.oirrnr s;i ic trinrit in nrrrrcl \:orrstrii? SLrntcti .rct..r5i c.u'c nr .rti
,rdipostit odinroari in portul \'()strtl cir pc (j ep.tvi nrtrfr;rgi.ttii,
c\ ce pe r.'rnrisitrt nrir-riei vintlrrilor, St r v.rlurilor, ostei-rit 3i
z-drobit dc indelr-ursile cilitorii5s.
200
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Stoichita, Victor Ieronim - Instaurarea tabloului
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