Stoichita, Victor Ieronim - Instaurarea tabloului

I0l

xl rrlrorrJ-l ri Jtl .trllP a-rrrl r1rl11urn-rp u rUJf,s rrr ra,rJrrnci JtsJ

i'er-(r,r,ro1r)fr,rJf,Il,urL,r1r3clrrr:r qrrrtpr;ry" !lcftuis o atsJ rirLLr ltLr llolqrt tsarv
r-rrrl rrr rJrlrt:-r In,rlrl ur
uprrr:1,rn13 xzrJxrJ oJ

durrt rrr rirlrrrzr,rdr-r trrns^ rJ 'n-rprr-lnolqrt ur ritrsEld :ts-iloi.)

-ag acl rzrJrmlmlln rrrur o nrr rS,,:rrrr8urut" ttt !l+E rrlrr es nu
Ir-rJEur J-rtf rrr 'r,.(El 'll '6791 r,rrr:r) uJrltulrry t1 .t1-t 7,1tuu1nc13
L(t ,uoPt)J,\r l].IqJiJr tit t:clrtto]sl rs rr a-ttd rri]rrrlsrp !lsrrrlV
'ir-rlndrror

-o,rcJ r:.rtlr,rorlr rrJ-rrlsrrrl rS rrrrrSrurr !llll,rorE uoirlsLrrr J-rlurp
rultu-rodr,r tt,rtltlltJlttr 'gtr:11 tt utLrr 'uzL:JZr.\ J,rtrl 'tril:-rrlclnrr

uI ltrf,ocl liolr:rp un rtscltquts JS ,/r.r ttutBptttt L)).tL'tutuit)tt! rs
IJLIOpIIW p)LruiluilJL, -r.rtrrl 'rrrrl+ Jl) tUnrn'tt o rlf rzrelrllril-ll

I-IlututrSoc'rrsIr.r--rprrrSrrlrurtirrrrrc.LrlsrJnrulrrrJmo-lrJrrl'la.rr-a.r1]zrr1arn,,rircLc{rlntr.rrlr.r1urod1I1-atrrusirritrrollqpnluisnW^nrJJrlrtls:JrJ,u\ Js'lrr,rluJl

r]nlr rJLrn

raprrr1,rrr1f;

)LiLll())lrril(l

'r1'11['i i
\
'rur s{'!ai;)gc;
'lIuil
]

'v-lt.t.t!'
ill l'!it).i

,tlf

url 1.r:1;L1l;
rl srr.rrlrrl:

IE ,,pJ,r" In-rctJr-mJ'lJ,+tsu t_1 u rrrlr.rd as -rrp'elr-ilsllri.ttsa
ntr ra 'rtrtctd urrrt.r o J-rE Elu,nurr rarrrlirurl 'tRlnllrrs (r:lqruus^r:
rnun Inpo-l arsl r,rad6 'p^rtlJlJ e-rc,rlsEllrr acr-ro f;J lElrrnlrJ,r
Il u Jp raJrr atsJ atrrlnorr eLrrrrd '(prropr:trq n-rtrrad) suJqnll
IrtSsr(rrpJrfrrc1a.prrr'1-irirpn-r'aru,rard,r)oqLrr1r-onlqagp1parra1drro13o.tn'-rraguJrrurrfJsarrtrarpr 'gwp

'atsa
nolgrl tsJlV 'JIrqEf,-mLrrer riptnorr arrrjuo:r 'n,r,tn1 EI rzrlsrl
rr-rtrrcd rot '.r(91 'Ii
!tr,ns^!d rS o;uro-r,rofl l1-IlEr,rrpirr O^gt
rrr lrquqo,rd gtrzrlror Lu yLtoppW rlnop u
'upuupttq\

pl-()t()tip 1e inrrrgir-re,r s11 c,r icoirlri,;i 1.r rrcloratir.t ttcstin.rti

prototipr-rltrr prir'iucLurLutrrr-ca rrccstci.r rlirr trrmil:.

M;1(l()n:r cstc ec'ntrr-rl lrrrei triPlc,,inrrinrari": crr sc giscstc

- l,r linrir;r rlrnrr.e iin.rqiu. ;i r izrurrc - intr-Lrri c,rdr.lr cc-l
irmintestc pe irccla rrl r-u'ici icrcstrc; ghirl;rncl.r clr.rblc,rzi ,rccst

prir.n clrcl rr-r in tinrp cc !/tcttctTi,lr,lrtt,rtitnlrtcln'Iriolodr',in1'o1rn6rCcSrrz(i i1un.4l-cll) cie
si
ehirlencl,r vic. I).rci
M,rclonrr clc i:r Lnvn-r (i1. +6) pot li consiclcrrrrc c.r rLr.rdelc

rrnci inccrciri de :rclaptare a inrrtqinii inc:rstr:1tc 1.r ncccsitirtilc

trnci colcctii, Maclon,r cle 1a Miinchcn (i1. -15) prre, rlrnr-
ptrtrir-ir, riirvrrcl:r Lurcrl rcver^rirr t 1:insaLzbr/,/-ului in c,tntcrtul

sirr cciezirrstic originrrr'. lr.rtr:cqu1 rrrblou nu L'stc, l,r urrr.i,r
Lrrnrclor, dce it r-cftrrnrttlrtt'crr l'lirtii su1',cr-i, j r ,r li-
iull c ;.r iN'[.rclorre de 1a Vellicclle. Ce cr -i,11'.' .r IL'i n.rr c L'stc

ce liPscst
pLut('r('it in sccnrr ,t cr.,t'tt.:nrpLirij,rrrior:irii clc citrc (,rig,,r.c

cc] M;rrc 5r insotitrrrir sii. In lr,cul 1..,r sc rlrli rclu.Ir pri\-itorlrl
insr,rsi. Accst;t e stc irnPlier.it Lril 1r.1r.l()l' rl clortr-tlr-ti irrqcli. rle

r cinsti iirregine:r Ircciorrlci: lrur.rl tirntrc putti ne privcstr',

ILtnindr-t-rtc .lstlel irt eorrlrtct Pcr-son,tl clt inr.tgirrr'r.
S ;ir.pr,rtcrr rlcci .rfirm.r ci trblorrl clc l.r \{Lincllcn) c,rrc ('stc

tlcsigr,rr ecl nr,ri celcLrrti crcnrl,lrrr.rl ,,Nl,rclonei in ghir-laircli",
nLl cslc rlccit i, t'rccptie in c,rclrul r1e estc'i bi,q,rtc scrii, rczui-

trrtLll lrnei sintczc intrc teblor-rl .le g,rlcric 5i inrrrgine:r cle

ticr.o!iune. S;i ntr nc nririr.t'r, rr5:rcl:rr, ririci rrr-r-1 qrrsinr iricitr

clrrt:i rcprrrclLrs in p.ig1u1-i1c nlrnrite ,,Crrbinctc'rle Anrrrtor.i", irr

Lrir-e ,, t\l.rrlon.r in ghil'1rrndi" rlc tiL-,u1 ,,colcctie " jo,rc.r, cliur-
pOtrivi, i1l)1oirl)c it.ttOiclcrrnu,r u1r l'()l )iir.r1r,,r'1.'1111. ( f 1j1i1(:

.rnrllc.rt:i irsuprir :rccsr()r t,rblor-rrils (ii. -18 5-f ), cc rrpr e zirrti,

in nr;rlorrtltcir c;1zLlr11or-, niste g.rltrii inr.rqi n.rre. Lr n('L,r-i
inl r r-rri cr)ute \t ,rlcgoric, pe rn.irtc ilu-str..rlc.r nrodLrlLLi in . .rlc
,,\'l;rclr,rrrr irr ghu.1:rntli" e rrr prir.ir i, si .rnumc c:1 () p,u'tr-
.lintr'-ur .insrrilr.blti ilc irn.rgini rlc cr,lcclie.

\ oi .tvcrr ()crrz.i:i sri r.cvitt in clct,rliu .1sLrp1.1 se nrnilic.rtie i

trrbloLr rilor cr-r,,CrbincLc rlc Anrrrtori", rlrrr t'stc srrlit'ir'nr si

ll()tr'z pelrtl.Lr nr(rrlclrt ei,,\t.rdonr in ghirlrrncli" cstc. irr in-

e c;rtit rtr;ti ,iics, ,r1rri,.t1-.e tttrt'rLr i)I'r'Zttt L.r irt c]e . Itr pr.irttclc
,,(l:tbinctt"' cr-llroscLlte . l)r-clrnt.i ,Itr'\iLii rip dc eligic nr.tr i;rlii

lr.rpt'rzrr, irt cir-tc1.t rPr.r'rrntci lt1.tr' ,r, tl,tti:t.l.,t 1-.,,11'1' rt li .,1r1-
tinr.t r cniti" in colectic. (lr,rrlr.rl :siu tl.' .ontrrtLritlizrr e r'sl('

rninirr, si clri.rr pr.oLllcnrrrtic. 1';r st'{:lscstc tlt'obict'i lrt cr-

trt'rrit.rtc.r tlrt';rl.rri rr sp,r!ir-rlr-ri rcPr('zc1'r1ir11(rccrr cc insc:1nilli,

Lr()irl(llnr rrltlinii clr'leetuli rr.rrclitir-rrr,r1c,,,1rt urrtti"..\r,trr'rrri

rlgaltirtii pc Pcrctc, crr sc snrijini pc s,rl, c.r 5i cr-rnr pict..,rlrl 1s.rr-r
colcctioir,rr,-rl;nr-r pLltuse inc;r si-i cleterntirtc loctri s.ilr cr.ret.

Vizibile, ,rs,rclrr., ll e rtlc'rnit,rre .r clrt',rf.ti si in i.ninr-tl l.i'.,'t,

,,M.rc]orr;r iir gl-iirlrrnrii" st'r.ir{cstc, in ct,rrrtertlil r-rnci uolt'riir

rc2

t0r

rt,rroj arsT'809i r,rrp urr r:dnp'(7191)aurpntiuac nr Elrqettsp
c;rtrrazardar rlrop e Jtsr (n 'V) suoStly urp EUopuW

'rrrr;old L4.4o1s?cf o puutuJzJrda,r rS rnlata-red

InJlual rrr utrirHr '.r-rruiSprur tual:8 rets^atr e atarlo-usard nr
11; o dol d ezrlv J a I'tE rror suerurpr-r dn s o dr o-rdu
a s a1r ur-rd e'zE
un alsJ 11 ap^rr:r,ro8Jlr urll tat'ollatpunb un
n1or: lqtt opt-rd

Eflrr JlsJ |r-r,\r1l tIal) Ll.tuorJa:l 33 sLLiJ-r^ uI '-rOI JltullrslrJurrp ur
Eprzat piur,ra;rp r"rn8urg '(qf 'tt) n-T,\111pl rzE lrl1tl prolqet rS r:r
a1:rrorirzodnror JllrJurala rsralal: aprn-rdnr ;rr,,rprru1-rrr18 rrr
ELroppW(( e,reru o E^rJSqo es'(ll 'I!'lLgL) optsrd vI rp t?tl?/zx1A
u_t.L,tEt1y rrl \rtrrJrlruluJS NalraruJSt .tp alsa'rnrEBrul ap

dn norr rn:si:e r'.r.rrprrrdsr,r rS ea,rua-rl ul tlnrlr rrLU IJf ll,rJsrnqr,rl
-LroJ a-rro -ioluSu,rr: uorpe 'suaqng rS larllian-rg rnl JtrrJollp lLrlts
rJuoprl,A[ Jlr] o]?nlxJtuoo rJetlreza,rdal aleurud
r: inldug
'nru rsnlot
r;I 'rlnrruJlqo"rd ap trqasoop (rcr-ro8ap: nrs r-rrtrr8eurr P]Jx JS
cc ar;)

'nl.\n'l'sl

(LUf, C9 x .
'urual 'llgT r.

,PPU'],

ul ,ual

'u?-i

url 1a:1ar1ii'r,
IS s^uJ(ltltl

'l,.i(n)s,rib,'.ilr.-i,'l..l\r,1I.ru'L\lrlt'tu\ ,t sLltL'l.lL irr r,r.ti rrlttlit r',irttlrtri -..t 1c- -ll liulre ns ri .lrl
lit'ltl,,tlr'lttl,lr't'ittli
(il. +i,):i rru .,t.tlrlutt Ilr LrrghcL erl
in teb1or.r", ci stt.:cclsttrtii sir,t, clircct s;rr,r inclircctl')' Atll li
clrilr tcrrtati si r-cclcm in lt'lac1cxu dc 1.1 Lr,rlru o cfirdP(,)l.:rc l.l.i r r,r n,
a ,,Mrrclone i" :rpririncl itr rrccst cotLttr\t ale '4, 'f it-.
Oric,rrc ;rr ii solr,rtirt .rlc5eis,t,ctribp1roorL'rrlleinll'tIC,rb' ico()rr-ct"sPsrLr'ttrlttletlrtlltlctilc- \l L,:,,t i,i \',izti i tr i,
If, II, le urn.
intre iablcttr/ intlt'pcndcn 65ri-l.nr.
\lr.iricL. Itrr.l,,.

p1e 5r atcsti o pLrtcrnicir stntctr,rri intet'textr-lali. PcllLrll il
cu"}u,r prrri birtc rttiz;r itttcrtc.rtttairi, i:sttl lltlccsar sI;lcor(1iil1
;rteirtie det,rliilor. it Alcgctri,t clc 1e Predo, lllrlrcil ico;rtli rrc
cleirsr,rpr:l Lln p.rpilgirl (sintbol ,rl Irccio:rici, tler 5i aluzie 1.1
rrcrtir-rnc.r cle irnitnii,), irl tinlp cc ill c!r11trr.l1 trt)lnPOzitirri sc
afli o nr:rirttLtti cu oi-:hclrrri irl cltrs dc I c,,tttctllplil LItr peisej"
in c,rz.i-ri iMr .rtrrlrobrlroeri.idl-cca1il;rrLLt,ur,t-snctL' tt1ig)rr1pi.n1gtr;1c1'.u111cs.ilrtilllcrringlhui'lq'lrarrslitlcllri.t

prczcr.l!i
ir.stc ca f i cLim Blttcgh. l si Rr.rl,crrs, rtrjbttirltlu-i M.-rrltxrei
ilLrtosLtfi;iclttI, crtrigirl.l-,'
.ltrl irlllqiilc t unci grlcrii, i ;rr li
cor1ferit,,1e ,rsctt,enia, ccvil clin ctlnrexttrl sirllbolic itt cttt'c

rlcclslil cril I eLlrclzcntrlti i niti:11. 4S. IiLrLrcns 5i .Jrn
Iiruerlh,'l eci
-L-stc irltcrtlsrlllt dr l'crrr,lre .lt ci Il irll,l .lpr.lrilicl ;r ,,Mrt]olrci
it:rlecrcrg;-.tlhstrli;rl1l.rrt(1rcrtacl5iq,i";rPillcetigricoc-ruhiitcr:ilt,,sc"i-lrtrribzcriilrlci/Itttidc. lccI)l;,itrntl[l.rrtr-otiov;rrlu"ti)s-pn1er1orppirrrt-ltcrMl"rr-cr1.sljo.i'el1r1r.1crcltlricrl1cl''i ll.rLrin:i.rltr zecr

nr,ri evidcnt intr-e nir-eh-rrilc rerrlitatji. I:stc v,-rrb,l clcspl-c r.rn lll.1l)1i1.

\ I r'',, tri,i \',izt I r t

t;lbiou-in-trblor-r ctt datcle L11lci psclldo-incastr irri. Brucghel \1,, lll)tt ltLltl, ,i

si Rnbetts - rttn vizttt dc;,r - st,rbilcsc () corcspolldcllti illli'c l71i, l(, 1S,
,,lr-tar-,,,att',at'.;r lt.cioarci" 5i ,,itrcltnLttlrtrcrr'irll:rginij It'.'
r -,l l;r.i,
.-io.rrci,.. i,.,.rcesr..li,r1og, ghirlatrcle rlirr ir-tru1 ii-naginii lrr)irt,-l a."
r _(, ' !|t,

'ri,r.lriLl. l'rrrlo.

104

_cc I

.(r]r1

'l

rtJT
I

ir l' i

r.

lts'astH es utdtJ-rp u1 ':^ttf 'JJr.rol+ rs^o-rrlrr I Jp Jlrrt tcl .ttsa,iulrs
3r1-usltrr lrJ-rrlrJlrios^-rac{ ,rrrrrrrrLrtl p,ru.911 .(rrrlns^o.ritr,1 rr.rL-rlr:1)
Illlllol(lrrl 1 3f,11p15 rrLioz rllrol qclltro It-uJLl-ruq,Fi1,' .rrrJ,r 'oP1
ll (81 Ii '8191-ll()l') u'/lLiso.tllI 't,.
rnun rrJ-rrrollr,\ tt !i ulfuz1li\ L)/.1.)l:,')ll. sadol
ui rJur)ptry{" rr J-rr tLlf tlzyA uuo\alyt ap qtt,-rrc{o Llrl li
rS i-io11 .rp rltlltlerlrnq t: rirrr:1rr'1 rri ,,!purr1.rr11li
rJ,rJLincT

'nr)lclrrt ll-llsJf,rr Ir

Irl-rr,ri-it 1n[r:clorsal.rt rrull-lzJ,r r]rr1tLil-lr rs rrpLrr:1.rrr1F 'rurqrng
'uzu,\ o-,rlLtl llol+ Jp tJrlrnc'i rin,uFrrlts^ rrl sns,trsulc{ rtsr

'(ptrrl,rldrp rlLli 13;13 t.Tr f Lruo.rr rult.r t\1.) -rolr.rr,rd -rp lrldo,rcTl
rrrlr Irr'lltlltlr'.]-t irr ]J.\rU rrJIra,rl If ts^Jfrr 1r-l.,,rrlra.r.,,rn1r-rolqrrl
llls^trI-Id11l lrI JltrlLrtZa-rcJl,r lrrtts^ tt.r!r r1t-r.tclrt n.r l.r<tt{Ir.r rrr,j}s;t
rrtstJf,v 'tr-ra1rr3 JlsJ J-rltt 1-rprrr-,iaclns rr11 rs: rrtsrxa ,rJUOptl,Ai

I1r,r1)rrr Jp tlrl+rr rrr'-irq .,,rrrr131:Lrrr,. I rrJt J1) qir:1 ,,rn1n.rplr.,
tJlrrlIIue,l J1S;f '-rOt-rJt111s rtttrltJ.T rp l...tH rrn upasocl rJLmOtr

lutu I tu p.]us^rlcl Llrnln-tt 't:Lntof r llTp rrtrltllnt tpr pllg .lrr lol+ r11l
-lr,\rloLU iJirra,rnltt,r IltrpJru_ralrir rrr,rd olrqtrtratap tulls opr,td

t.1 ap rt.to\aiH Lri JtLraz.r-rcl rnlnluc-r Jff r-r1-r{JrrLl rJ,rt alJ)

' tl o l.l u l - t.t!- 7/ o/ /.lplq p 1- Lt! - t 1 o ult JtsJ opt.rd vI JP Ut f L/ z r A u t.l
-o3;t1y Ltrp ,p_Lt?il.ttc13 ut L,trctTtull,r :!trpo.r-r^ lnrsorrnr r-JI ret-rrl
rc1,rrrrl::LrrrdttrrrolJpU1r.'trp5r:.r'r8:,ainplrardrirt!a]ldpa.or -J-rptLnr-lltlzftrurJf ZJJIO_-ridua.r-Jr_r,ttL1rarl)l
lrr.rolsr

trnrrn

-[r r-r]ui-icI rr-rntrrcl o lrrrap rrrlr atsJ 1ru llol(lrrt-rn-nolqrrt ts^.)trts

,r161 'r,raEru ap atrt.rnd rrnlrln-lf ,ror-radns altlrlrer rp pr:,rH rrn

EI

o nrici ,,M,rc'loni in ghirl.rnc'lir". Irlorilc srllc sLrlrt rlo;rr ,,r'i- .l(). I licrortr ntLIs
zibilc", ele nr-r sLr1rt,,reirlc'", cle nlr sLr1rt,,llrrrosiLlilc". Itr.ricl.cn ll.
(.,iitittr i Jt'\itt,iI rr,
Cr-rrincl, jocnl ir-rtre ,,florile pict:1te " si ,,llorilc rcrrlc"' r'r fi ( ..1'r,i: .ili,i Itri l,ut
rclr-li1t in .r1te ,,Crrbinctc dc Anrrrtori". I'lstc grcLl si clcscifi'r"rrn
-\ rr'1larcA " ),
inci dc pc ilcLlnr to;rtc inrplicrrtiilc .rccstr.rr joc. I{c.rnrintcsc
(1l(l,Jr1,IlL-e1n,r5n, ent.
pcnlnr llrolre1rt ci ,,Mlclon.r in ghirlancl:r" isi .rrc originc;r in fat:
glrstlll Lllrlli lnrlrL' colcctionar, cirrc]inel.r,11 ircclcrico llor'- I',r urel1t's, \lLrsics
1'onrcr), ciI'c-1 cOnrrllr(l;tsar lui l]1'r,rcqhcl ce'lcbrr.rl IJtrchct l{,,r"rrLrr rlcs -;
intr-r.t 'tttzti clc sticli in rrcclrrgi tiurp cr-r n\lc:J qt/dLlrclIo clirr lie.iur r\r r:.
in dcscr-ie rc.r Pin.rc,,tecii, Fe crre crrrclirulul ;r -:!gb
16OS (i1. aa). 1(r25, cl s-r trprit in,-1r'lr-rnq .lsLrpra ,,VIrrtlonei" -i l. .\rLLrrrr.lt
,G
pLrblic;-rt-o in Jtl.rnr.r ncl,
I r-.-
1cs3rilrrnuierec, q'crhi-lceirlsig'elrrrncier'pnriticnirp,l-cionrlrcrv.rclecImilcccisccrlccc-vrtri'r.rcclor(rn)-urrrrsriiscinilrc1ur.l1.tt1i\n1/n1r;zc1a1c.t.1rcin'ruderlr'r-/erorPrli.litnlur,ri (.thtttct t.lt
.\iti,ttot r tt
Binornul,,br-rc-het/Mrrcloni irr ehr r lirndi" .lp.lle iu nr r-ri ti g . 11r'.,,r i.r Irit t tn i i,
ir' ,.r.,rlrirr.t.]. cinclr rr l.r Vicrrr.
r.rli.rrrtt'^si \ul) nrulliIlc lurnrt d,' \nr.rr',r'i" j1l,.lr- c,lcg11; I I,rr raelr.

nr;in(le . Ir ht t,tlit /tti f nt Sncllirtch clc Hicronr-nrLls Frrrrcli-
cn ll (161 1, il. sc q:-lscste, crr cle ,,br.-e i,.rsczrt.r .li-
49), Mrrclonrr

rect pc sol. NLI exist:1 Lln btrchet,,rciri" irr rrccst,,Crrbinet", d.rr

erjst.i r,rrlr.ll ;tier.tt,.tqitat Lrc pcretc itttr-,r ri.tllti ()\'':11a1, ce rcpetii
tlrs_cnl qhir lanrlei ,lc ,-:arc cstc irlc()lljllrrrt:i 1c()illra.

ln Cabirtc'tul tle Arrt,Tt()7'('tt tl[rrgrtri icctttotlttlLi cle l;t
Muzcr-rl clc Artc llnu.r.roirse diu Anvers (il. 5C), Marlonir :r

obtinr-rt 11e1a un loc p-,e perctc, 11;rr - lucrr.r cliri,rs - crr cstc in-

1C6

taI 4.\

'..r Ll:rl:.:
'trLla

'b

!.1]'J 'Jr.rJdLr.rp o ep trltl!^rrr lrrros-red rrn ,]edr-rrur rlnp rnlrn 's-l,lY \:r saJsi'-
's^-srrJP.\LlrrV.\(oLtlrIlCrS)\l 'Lt:
Ir,t,ru!lprt-trt)rtrtdi<,srlrrrrurll.tiqtonlrSsr rt.l:ry,,rLo.urpJlLJr.).r.Tl1rr"JqrH-'tLur,rl.rlrdrr\n-rrron:I.J-.-I,r(.J.m)'lLIo:Ll-rlJlart)rr,rrrrr.\uJlrLpl.u.1rrcn.rrl;',os.f,u,.,rr(,ryrrEtiurr.y-iirsr)
'1, 1 91 i;il:1lr LtL'f I
ttt" nrr,rr'1-r'r.rru rs ltr;z,r;d JlsJ lnt.)rl.rltg .;h'sr.rd )p rjr.lnjuo.r .IOll)i/

s1tL::

!)l))tt{\/ 1 Luly 1.,
)17 1,)u!
{11 u)IruP_r,l .l

ia

:

601

Jll,prrrrJsieEtJaLrIrTrFgEELJLT'{i(au-rrEl,,r!piurrdr:1],1rn-l1s$JtoLtrdr ,-rEpEsE .rtsatr rrollrJllLl

,Jr-rol?rlrV r\io_ta[Lr]
'J\n( j:
rJuoprry'.( tJ.rJpullLri
r-ttrttrl-1'uOt1r.
' ruelo-rcl alasnrun-r17u,rlc s alasnrurul r r ir zodo I S rc,r.rn td1 rtr g 'rur lr) x c'\

rS g-rrurr4 J-rlurp rrlrladruor -rpop !zr]Jzt:\ rrrrlr uLr lutsr-rluoJ 'tttL: -
'sJSlrproO rnI E ?117/ u a c13 s
1rt tt a acl o-prrt:rnpo,r de-r rrtantcts .il rrln 'r:a1 11.1
rrt rruralod turpurd un atsaurr-rd ,,rprn:1;rt13 ur rrroprtr41,. lr LLtlnlor -
'(e _c tt) tJutqD) tlr rnr-.nlrl ll Li.rrl.rrr'r I sur'.r-l lul .)lr 1pl
-Jrrl Jlirr ul ls l'lu.)zJ.rd ;tsa itt,LFu.Lud ltlltlrultLl-r'sp t',),)pT I Jluti_11 1,LLIt_,
'rnlnoiqEt Ir lrioqrurs Ilts_rnlsrp ur lo,r un
-rrp''-, r,rnrsq6 rzprst ;tsa'arlrcrlrir,.rirl ,,. r". '.t()lt Ll

)l l)10.t:

'l;) 1i rrry.rLrr.r

sLrP-r.l i -

'atrod 'rrnl r,rrr

rr t.rrlqLr '\r-rr)l+ rp r1r'lac1 uaJU'rriurForlloJ_rr1artpIz.tlrt^ir.ltllxopr lotrrttrdorsllrA--rra:ts:tqloz
.rs 'r:tdla.rp rrtf tlnrr-Tlxa

'ralanluls 'rar-imaldrourrrrrtdrr,rr1at'sarprriar1n1na-Ilvpluol[aqru]u1t1p. ullrdldpuinlut,r\r\-rdJIuerf,tlrruJr]p)
-I.\a elsJ
u,IOJSOrutr p_:rr1 atSatrrrllr! ar 'ginritS rS gt_rr: ap lr-rJJtsJLLrV .Jrrl
-sruu 'atrocl 'rS arrlriurns arualgcl-rd (ilr:qzap) ltnlsrp rirru.rus
rop '1rpun; urp t-rJLUt-r LrJ '!rrr.\rp urlr.rrdsul etSallrr-rd Flrrr+ru
-o;^-IJd t:,rntf rd ar!f Lir --'r.ioFalt' noicltt rr11 E[JE as ,,,rirrrt:y_rir13
ur rJ_uopllry" r:,iclnsrap 'rop lnrrr:1d urp alata,rad 0.1 .(rr_rntricl
usncJo erntcllr-rrs irr,rntdlnrs psnc{o p,rruord) Jt-rr aJtur .trirlod
*rLrcrrTarie-rrduror ap'auo\utud tp nyduraxe rrn atsJ rnlnolcl
-t]l In-rlLraJ rrr rurtlltlrrrs Jol EJJIIUJZS_rd 'raJrOrJa-I r rlJ

9i-;r eisit Ll11 noll colltL'xt .1. existcrrq,l: g.rlerie prii,':rti-li. Este
senrnificativ ci rrccesr.rl lrr.rcest noLl spr.rtiLl dc expr-rnere rr fost

facilitat gi clii:rr gLrve nr;rt cie urec,rnisnrele dcdublini qi inter-
textualizirii. Ace:rsti d.'dubl.rrc se inf.rptuie5te in seco|-rl al

XVII-lea pe plar-ruri par'.rlele, rprlrr'11t liri nici Llrl punct de

contACt, d.rr', in nroc{ paracloral, cortvelgerlte.
Intre metrdiscursul adoptat c{e o icoanir incastrati (sau

pscudoincastrati) 9i cel al unui t;rblou cu rami fictivi., intre
r.ni'rnier:-r cle ,r de clanga meclitaqiir autore flexir-i printr-o
,,M:rdoni in ehirlandi" sau printr-un pcis;rj in caclru cle 1c-
re;1stri, existi, in ciuclrr unor- dir-erger-r1c leeate dc originile
dife ritc ale genurilol picturrle , rr cL)rlcL)rdanti cronologicS.
dublatri c1e o ,rlta, r'nult rrai importrlnti, de orclin strucrturrli.
l):rr aceasti afirmare :1 con$tiinlei cle sinc inrplici cele mai

rrrtrlrc pr'r.,blcnrc in rltrrttcrtiul ar tri rcligi,t.tse. lrt vl'cnl(' cc

pcislj irl, lratlr l'a lrto.rrt,t 5i pictrr r,r,.ie gert surrt, irttr'-o errlt'ctic
privati, ,,1a e1c alcrrsli", icoana estc aici un corp striin. Num;ri

irutodefinindu-se ca ,,imaqinc con$tierlti cie caractcrul sir,r
cle inragine" ace astrl poate rlcceclc l,r noul colrtcxt existcnliirl.

III

-d1nrs) EJaIE etsa EJrloqtrp rS e,Lroon rELU EJ3 eaui8erui :,,rn1

-nrcllap" u a;upr-r8 o 'rlap 'rprrsl-rey Ei EsrrJ ptsrxg .rrruni

iEEo-ao,irrdetaplrloSrsrtalJsrutrl-rrln,rlortpEdslyoStEraElrnlpJrrtJ,errLserILSEorrldp1I-oaaeurl'lJacr'-c,aortrrorqlqlJtrotonrsdrJ8oE:1e-aulup:Eaue uarauEaIt8,jstr1aJ,rrTnel'oaJed'ala,rugruurrlrroli8rtrleo\tlrtuppr8-rt:ra-Ieonqularuo.rJl8rrrr]laueJdrEuradudrrcprrSxllXaEuo

alap:drlrr.rd,rBop rJr€ EpJoq? ruatnd aJEJ rrrp r.raleqzap r8unl

-Jpur rarrn taJararlJur EI rglJp uzra;n8r;uoJ es nrr aunrlon

plsrelV '*)up ep Err,rJpour rarrnriorr 'g:rtcapip uJarueLLr

o-Jlur 'ezErerualrrr gluersalo;d €JrlrJl 'jxaluo) * an4das

-a"t 'adtunl ap rueruret Lrr raue euralqo-rd pupund '(arir:r
-eue^ rE[l] nrs 'arie'Iope) aortatsae;rd r"rrtdaoa.r ralrn Elpurl

-scp rS (ecrrasrq) tnrr1ap eurq txatuoJ rrn-Jtlrr preseld 'urtSa;l

Intlnl ap FrEEel rarrr8erur :usna-rd arirunl nc aur8rrur o

e,IepJ;\ uI a,IE PJSEaJV 'telsEIloLIofI IolloAar Inlf,alqo fEJ arEs
elJ) luns JJeIE E3 rrnlcrd Jtteur rcnr rS alrrs u1 El,rE nu JEC

'Erl_IiAX I3 rnlnlotrrs Et-rE rp ptrpugqop
'g:r1r:ads Jrrrs Jp elnrrtstroc epunrled r a-tds EtrrEAE rlrelnd arr
,,ir;nlord Ie onz pr-r8" tsax EI ap
puiu,rod 'EtrrJSqe p,rnlrrd
:,,IlElurrJSep" 'rs-reetS 'piea-tpt8nz
nt glr,radofr u;nlctd atsa

1a'an.ta(';eop nes 'rrrunu etsJ nu eluutsetoJd rolrorJasrq
IE lnrtt al3tered 'rnlnleurlirrur aye r-rntrc1d alaldulnur
EI fre+er
os J_-ml 'e3-te1 ruru tlnrlr JJeprlllsep nl aJptuELLrE,rJ
o-itrrrp

lradsu Lrn trJap Esrrr elsJ nu tinl ap -rolnrriuurr u arinrsrp
rtt ea-rarrnda5 'rfrlolrl eJtel ap gpur8rdold rs arn-rrst'ns.rrd rp

-ro1 ,ro1riptr1rqrsod ea;r,radocsapa,r rrrrprrr:d ?f, aJ? nu, lsato,rd

J,uEJ ep lolnrr8erur ea,ra8n-usrg 'OO9I E] ap g;nlitol rJ,rpur
na,r8 no aEalalrrr LLrE e,ref Jp ErlJ JlrltrslrJt o pzEO,rn?tslrr

es xtislrrlrrl3u ES EJ-rrtlpxa rS rralsace ? rtnlosqE ra,ruliau a-rtu1

'ttut8rtttt In]ntntrls r lrrapr-'ra,rd E-rrJ J,ruzrtlrurcip o '-roteur,rri
-ranslnEloJllJrtselrrrnaf t-ernrdopErpTllrrq,r]oLrendr,tru,tuJadprS,lgLgrrl l-,I9A9yqI IE,ZZrn;lInLlorIrp

Jls^Elcorrof,r airrzoldxa EI snp nE eJEt 'asror8t1a,r Jlstrrl+uol

rrrq 'prLrroJJX ap urld urp lrlrrncnr tso; E alel saoo-rd un
alsa arrr8erur rc rrrrr8rrur E alrrs ap raiurusLrol tsJJErlr-rrJV

qle alalarad 'I

altuedser el eeu!?eruI 'A

t;rti. siru pictati) agcz a ti,pe_rl rar'+. A g rdrr, tunp I d s dre (1 :rr11'a-
ginir estc cea care ii con{eri (sru ir-i Lrfice cilz care sporeEte)

caracterlrl siu pnmejdios.. T'o1i. reforttt,rt,trii v()r rcvclli

:lsupra acestui aspect escnqial, :rcliugindu-i utteori v;rriatrii

sr-ru nuante rmport:rnte5.

Cel rnai tran$ant in accast:i privingi este, a$a cutl se in-
tinrpIi .rdcsea. Zq irreli. Perttrtt ce sc pr()sr('r'lr(',lzi oarrtcrtii

dinjintea urrei imagini ir-rtr-o biscrici, se intreabi e1, pc citi

vreme, intr-o tavern:i, se minAnci qi se joac:i zaruLi, tot irl
prezenla unei imagini?6 Cine s-ar gindi, aqadar, si venereze
statnia mainuqei cc se nclici in rnijlocul pictci cle pe$te sau

cocoqulde ,rur dc pc turla bisericii? NimeniT. $t m.ri departe:

eristai dor.rri chipuii ale lui Carol cel M:rre , unr.rl in biscrici,
care este aclorat asencr-ri celorlalqi idoli, sr cclihlt, decorind
un castel, ciruia nimerri nu i se inchini. Acesta din unni v;r.

fi lisat, intrucit el nu face nici uu riuE. Concluzra h-ri

Zwingli este cla-rl: clispr-rtrr nu se referi 1a pictr-rrilc ai inra-
ginilc care n-au legi.turi cu credinta gi cu Duurnezeu, ci 1a
idoli.

Dar ce este oare un rdol? in sine, niuric. Fraza Sfantului
P:rvel (1. Cor, 8) -,,$tim ci iclolul ntl este ninric in lune gi

-ci nu este a1t Dur-nnezer,r decAt lJnul singlrr" este tr-tereu

citati in acest caz qi, uneori, comentatie. Chipul lui Cl-rris-
tos, spurle Karlstadt, r1u este nimic altce"a decit lemn,
piatri, argint sau aLlr...lc El citeazi, precllnl rliri tirziu alli
iefornratori, satira lui Isaia (+4,9 q. urn-r.) ?n-rpotriva idola-
trici: o jurni.tatc ciintr-un trunchi de arborc a fost ;rrsi pcn-
tru ir giti sall pentm a sc incilzi, cealalti a fost folositi pen-

tru a se rrdic:r o statuie. Este acelagi 1e nrn. Cunr sii nc

inchininr lr-ri?11
Calvin, mai cultivat, citeazi ,,o suoar-i :r uuui auunit

Pcret pigin" (Horagiu, Satire ,I, 8, v. 1-3), carc iutrociuce un

idol r'orbitor: ,,Eran'r oclinioari un trunchi cle smochitr, o
bucati netrebnici de 1er-r'rn, cand dulgherttl, chibzuind ce
aveir si faci dir-r mine, a binevoit si fiu un zett"t).In-raginea
nll este clecit,,r-n:rterie tnoarti", ea nLl ale nici o f-rutfrL- p11)-
prie: conte n-iplare a/adoralia este ce ;r carefacc din ea un iclol:
,,De unde virie pr incipiul rraiestirlii tttturo, idolilor, dirci nu
clin placcrca gi ilin voinqa o:rmenilor?" se intreabi Calvinl-r.

O distinclic funclanent,rli apare astfel: idol:rtri;r este o
problemi cle rcceptare ;i nu cle creatie 1+. Arttstul face itt-ra-
ginea, iar receptc'ri'ttl estc cei care o trilllsformi itt idol. In-
iistindu-se asipra faptului ci orice irnagine este ,,lttcrarea
nriinii or.rrului"l-5, se c{oreqte neutralizarea argumentului

trarditrional a1 acclor acheiropo6tal, al imaginiIor- miraculoasc

llecreate cle om. Sub pana refort-natorilor,,,fabricare,r"
inaginii facc obiectul urior descrieri ample qi uncori foarte

112

ili

Elrrr alruruE,r mur Jur8Enrr o pf,rp lucr-rasrq rrr ezaSu a1 e n-rtuad

e^srt8r "E.s.tiJrtnoqitJp,rrt"'1atrrttsrL,rrrrrlcsailrorrl gs ia-iurqzap rir-id .r-r"b, lplrrp
o Jp EtrraJo 1scr1 e
r-rado o pupl

!eserr ra e1 aza-nsed e1 ps rS rfr,resrq rirp clrrir8uurr e8u_ljr ps

eInqJJl rlu.rud rrJolr?rrop :JlElr-rrl-r J.TtrLi mur rel nl aJezrll:rl
-xatuofap ap saro,rd rs-rru pzrrJ.rtslrlr J.rts-'.' IaJ Jtse q?ull .j
nJf:i:l'],?.;,Yi
o u'r d*r aruo r r+ n,,ffi ; X' J: ?ti;',rfil
Jl taJ1 l ;alurlnl J".tnJ? 11) 'nuSeurr -rolrrllo,\ r a;rzrlrni
-xJlLroJ-Jp ap sa:o,rd rrn--rlrrr-rd aldrl rrr elnpu,lt JS J,rEZrlErl
-nJri ulsEalV 'raLuJporu m]n.ruurHeurr .r1r runisnlrada; ur
aerdtrirrrp:iulnurrran-r,-rrr-ripnl
arrSoq ry.ur rS atuedr,r; irru alac alarcadsr
pJ,r?zrle-rtnell Lrr 'tnr'u-ro fd;,rp
DP lttJedo
'ra,,uralr el nu ts nES LrrJAll a1 ps ruarnd,ala; r:trr,annq
lJrtr ]rr11s nrr JJJ'r-lsUJlE rlrn'elseaJr rt[r ]Lrns nu a1rur8rur1,.
:(utocldutpu) artr.--r311p.tr - suorrSrJrlaaq-rrlaLrrJraptelrn^sa:prulnqloclganl duqgltpj
- tuns Jl'd-'--,rolrlrrburur r.iel
trt gluurr.rdxr'r.r11tn1 gdnp'.tts.l gllqruJ^uu.r rS gtulu.r;pr
frln[oS 'J]ErdJrP rlrJAE nu rrlnpouoJr r.r[r 'rr]Srlooriocr rcrn

:eLIilurZrq alsEIJouoJr razr,rJ alr,rnooArrloJ - Anu Jr_+rlnna s tdrl
- JtSJturLUEa; 1a 'rpulslJu) rnl r-nprrrzurrdpU 't-lrzrltJtnJu
.r[op lJ 'EsnJ]srp Jr] qs Jrnqe-tl nu eeur8eulr '.erJtrrJluuttnllrfdrnr6llr1 Eaf
JJlurp'JruJ
t'r)rzod Jrr''rrLotrrrr-rtr1a-r riol
l-,rotrScdsr dri
d.rt rntsarr E nqqrrsoJlnrl;uer8!^nJsl)up'a;r,rrdr8srgrrrurra..rtFp
tslEJntino Eetrtrsuep

prerzJru€tar(PpryU8eEalsnt arnl-uulEtrlrulrlt^oalJtJlrl/r'uxnoTrzrQlTnaEEsSu-o]unJlLtp.LLJrEunAutual)sp',Ea,trsJra,JslJon+;8UldOturl rrIa-uE.arSrroruEASoJLU.rir
rrn nes (ausolua! ,,tsLLrotuEJ" o llt
ralrgo ep lerrorinaLrr Jlse
yttr.rn rrrp BISJJV 'r,LInlopl J]SJJnEJ a: ra-rrsnsrrr ,rn1n;otr,u-rd

rnurrrErtrr nrs przJlLrE; rrr 'rzralarap o-rEl IJJ alsJ LTT.IIEJ
'stelrnLrrLLr o rcnr arrl alrod
E1lllrrtr?e'EJ'rnlnlrndlser;uEerlIlnllr,rea,rrl'eslou[
rrr oliuLlr?-r rarrr8erur lllf, JLlrei,\
ap al]rpi rrJ gEgl rir
tuedu ,tsnr
-r^llrl lple-rt Lm -rpI'llElutsJS rS ust:oria.id'lse,rr-rd o elBJ roleJ
rrrlro Lri 'our.r.ap rS rrr,rasrq Lrr tssnp? atsJ ?trrnuS ,yfvt::r?z

pJ-'gnSfl,freqppotunrcnErsJ'ateusrrtnfd,utrulenntpsctsr'p-tersnr-E1rl_?nJi'lrraVrirliuaa'oralt.ulr7rrrqraeJusaren,LrednL,rsr''.eJrE--;lrAntEo8-dl rI'ruaxrrrrl-l+ceurotJzsnra'a.Jr1JilesssnLJrsrllroruil:jugdfrpnoiaqs15inLl-,rrropur

grallr.]nul trrns rur_8urur Jp rrJoteaJr tEr oLlreJA €tEtE elrtn luns
alnrr8trur rc eunds gs ruzglpur rE aurC 'Jrrlrilr r1 alS5.uas nu
rS Jrurnr Elrurreslrr nu 'tprlsl-rey aunds'aur8rurr o vaJE,+ .lEJ

-r+usrruep_'{nrrBrrur Jp_rnlnroleaiJ E eJvztLrl^lp o aJt?f, aplrrl

a-rrr 'rrroda r ruu e:dsap Ernttrotrl no arlcrpr-rtuoc etur;8

-EiJ €uqJ'uat1?crpurneaz,ruearLlnr 8rrl;rlIlatt:srond.rvJ'(SJuAJor,lrnrrJrgInt'putJup8p1rur1r 1,a) ,ErrrtLsUaa8,nrJsI

rnl

acolo (crucifixul, de pildi, care reprezintl utnanitatea lui
Christos gi nu divinttitea s"), si nu se aprir-rdi luminiri di-
naintea ei, Ei nici si nu fie cinstiti in vreun fe1 oarecare25'
Daci un reiablu rimine 1a locul siu, el trebuie si fie inchis,
$intervgcedreeareirdneacgaint rploicr truimliiaen.eneo-
chiar in zilele de sirbitoare26.
solutrie extrerxi, care nLl are
tranipottabile, in spel1 frescele. Daci ciueva iEi exprirni
fdarriesunzo'tmieu-ironnirsdrara""gegir(icon.a.riiindicniteor-n['oVas/1tifiintiruaduiezrsriicuneidnmbubiblisilp-cedsrmicincbatirteirdcryi'e:spzs.-ag),2,roP7aleid.tero,e,'FxtrurZiuirwmialeuilnbseegi tplsrioeuracv-ir"art
',roCdcitt"cdlepiprrreadimoraigrrisntialeurmatodbeileR,eoiorcrltalata. decontexturriizate,
ele vor fi supuse urlui ttott proces tle contextualizare, ce va
nrarcJ o sclti'ntbrre profundi in aritrrdirrc.r privitorulrri. Ccle
mri vechi ir-nagini di ,,Cabinete de Amatori" flamande) care
dateazi din irime 1e decenii ale secolului al XVII-iea,

irrl'atigcaz) adcseori, irr grinr.idite i n, nri.ilocrrl galerici' rctable
sau tript ice a caror Provelllcllti ccLcztastrc.t cstc llclllclolel-
nici. F,ite de ajuns si crtrm Cartea pictorilor a lui Van Mar-r-
der pentru a afla cum aceste tablotiri, care au supraviequit
despuierii biscricilor, ru pitrurrs ntasiv irt colcetiile privatc

in curs de fornare.

Dar nai cxisti utt alr aspect irllportant ce trebuie lut-rt in
considerare. Estc u.rrba dcpre ideca escatologici cc-i agiti

pe distrr.rsitorii dc inr.rqi'ri itr Ittortrcnlelc dc violerrla
i.axi'ri. idit,..''e. ir'agiriilc s[irrtrilor 5i e'rblerrrcle Bisc.icii
catolice echivaleizi cu- o distrugere sirubolici a Rot-nei'
Noul Babilon2s. I)in-ipotrivi, a salva
cetatea lui Antichrist,
imaginile reprezitrti, pentru partea adversa' o 9.rran1ie r

acelei restattiatio et reno?(ltio inperii.
Citind prin-re1e documente aie reacliei catoiice la tul-
buririle icdnoclaste, cele care preceda Conciliul de la Tren-
to, sunter-n frapali de frecventraSi de persistenta temei lrrpe-
ri"rlc. Titlul prirrrei scricri atrti-icono.'lrsre (prrblicrti dc Jo-
Ir,runcs Eck ia lngolstadt, in 1522, cirevr Iurii dupa rttaniics-
tul lui Karlstadtieste, iu acest sens' siuptotl-ttltic: ,,Sentinli
prorrunr,rta intporrir.r disr rugcrii irrr.rq,inilor lLri Chrisr.rs si

ale s{in1ilor..r 5i i,r,por''iva erizici [e licicne, conclanrnari sub
Caroi cel Mare.qi reapiruti sub Carol Quintul" (De non tol-
lendis Christi & Saictorttm Imaginibus, contrA baeresiam
Faeliciantrm sub Carolo Mngno damnatam, G iam sub
Carlo V rcnasccnLcm dccisio).-Accst tirlu spurle linipetle t'i
aserneni lui carol ce1 Mare carc a invins eiezia Iui Felix .'1e
lJrgel, Carol Quintul va s;1lva prestigiul imaginii, doborin-
drr--i pe noii iconocl.rsti'

114

EII

'( rt N) a.rur.rrrr aluntrttl JtJar(lns- Jp lrlsuas ur rlp,s,rliotsTr/ ,r_I ..

Jp atsJ'(tap1tq1aBald5),,ppirr13o-nrr8eurr..,rrztJo !tsuJJp
nl elr,rnrl
rIItn-I ep ptr,rnp] ersa-rdrg 'lc,,gprrr18o o-rtlrr E3

-nJ rS alr"rrsrrolsr ppA es arEJ rir.. alrrir8rrur Jtdaffp BS rlEB
E-rullop as eJEt ',rJqln-I ep ptEJado atsa (.:ta h:srad ,ra-rr,rod)
,, eui eporu " -rolrJnuall' E lr,\rl1-lf J slrol ll J_rr Irqrts nr,in1n1rnzr,r

inrlrJtrop lrr ral,m lE f,nuLuat lnln,rtsr8a: E aJUlrLUrl tsraacy

u a;ds rrrap llsrxe. ilrr rrlop ? op ror ,r-rrupip,rc.ugi,,p'Jy.rlnJJsr.iltd r-r:1o
jr-ro8

-atpf, rllrr-rd 'aiustttutuas o,rnntoupuutunl re,laulttcrrrsdr.ltuontssr ar'a1alnros-tacl
tS ayr:r-*,r 'rr1rr.ru 'rr:oq-tu
ua1 i'r,rr,Jror-8rLartrrlnr l Ean-oripisaapp a.r1ra.r,r.r.Jrrp1uproLrrsr asni-rdnr trr's

urrrr:d_ ruirs rrr att:lrraza;da_r
a's,ror-rad rr8ria
lJ rld tg3
rrr.rd rtrrrnlrr Jr-J ltrr us,lnrr1co itf r]lt-rztl r; arrod nrr J:,nazarr
runq rit] r:rle;rur trtlrr lajtsr ,lJq]zl,\ pour rrr
-nl tlrap azaSrir;ur rs Es r-rus azatrrd as nu rrdu a;rl rlr-rn_rr
es rlrp arnqerl..

JSrio :nrzrBl r?Lrr rLrE r,tligc rSnrpe e,t (1Jauor$Lr.r,a,rr_urnrrtnr urrrllsnr?ds
(JJEr-rrnrc Jp rrlrpaLLr nes ,r,rn8r; nes
JI p nrtrrJd i:JII.tlsr.rolsr.. ,,,1nrqco nJ JtnzEA r1 tod ac elr;nrJnl
rErJp EJSEJldorr es nu es rs azalcrd as nrr ri,9gE1 rrr'irr,n1e3
Junos ?^ 'lJJp arnqal1..^ :rnlltlrqlzl^ rJ.tJJS u.lEJp ul
-rlte; o rl Jllr I
Jolr-rJ;e,r lrraurn8-iu Jor-ro Jr,\Jpp-,rtrrr n?zn+ar rrJol
-Etu,IoJaU '{,,vLutzatdat lt r.J'n:zanurn61 alsa vtu uaruflrurr..
Er r1ES. c;,,/tlluuz7utut nLr lJStr.ar.ruEtp7upztuftsu(-lrrroJp.t)JJartnsalor^arrr_i8l r.JuIit,..l
g: lnfdrp uJSrJturutEJl rrs

-rrd.rr,r.r .r1t's rrrrrHrrrrr. t t-tottd l, Jllll)rroJ o Jd r:.. sotst.t rll) inl
acJlrrzrcrllnrt,nuLrJiIJsluaa[LELtrenBru^-rpr:uel]1f,orS^urzrr,a1lrarrdzu1gr?EulrlnrprJoru[oo]oErr linaprrrEt,roelodtra:pr
-sJ-o.rllllod iltE \llout rJlsJJE crcJI U1 .-. ni:.tdrrr1 J_llrj.-] Jp ulr
-otuirJqo ,,,rtoda,r
1rour ur slrrllrr rJ E,\ utsu]Joirorr lnou Elo^Lrr as ri-r
-olsr" rl n,rluod 'rarJolsr e r-ruldruaxa EJJEoItsA
,rct,r. rS
Er1-IIIA p InlolJS urp prntrrrzrq Ezr.rr EI tsasap? uladr ,ro,r rn1
-nrusEllouocr eruelqo;cl Jor-ratln tsp-roqE .roA J,rEf elr-rJrJOS

-n1tua1d'st,todtuat"prr,rr;f :'.#irt::{r#1:ii:J!r',f"T::f":{
'rny ap plsJEA rnou adarur IJ nf ,olJo) L) svtss?u/, sdatuud un
rrsa lnirrrn| 1o.re3 :1r:dud lh1nrrrei,,11 psgrrlodu Jp prrr.rn.1
ap drt lsacy .0rlnJEf srruoc nr
Irnrlr,rds rJ B^ JluelunS;e

arEJ cleJ tsoJ nE u'nriSr.ernn-ttdaotnln1EirtJnrlESrsJrlrru:rgAJgT!lp:EprpJ,uJriIJLELos'.ruJr.rla1lert€-r.u8lrno-rrre.rrorrrrcsnJr|r.10,i_onJ,1l,trsn3s;
-r,( euapundsr.r

JCI JClJnJSlp I-!s
JlrroruoJ ap o-rerlods ne rS ,ro1rde4 Eatrta) tEpE^Lir nE rnlnl
-Er'durr rlrl'rur' pf,urt'Er rrufa,ulqnot':dl(taZpSLt)lraiarLlxLaroUtua1rnlr;orfu,reiuunr,rr:d
ut '1so; r
PlsEaJE

retinlrt. O mare parte din proclr-rctirr irrtisticri rriito;rrc ii estc,

cli rcct sau inclirect, irrd:rtor;tti-17.

2. Sacrarnente Si retoricir

Dezbatcre;r irsr-lpr:l irn.rginilor clerir.i insi c'lintr-o pro-
blcnri cu mult nrai ir.np.rrt..urti, rrccL'..r a strrtlltLllLli Er-r-

lraristiei, problen-ri ccntrat.i rtsLrpra notiunii dc scntn. Care
este ,,raporrr,rl intre scr.nn qi 1r;cru scn-rnificat?" sc intlcabS.
Calr.'inis. Pentru crrtolici nu cxisti dccit un r-r'rs1-runs prosibil:
piinca csrc, in[r-rrclcvir, in rc,rlitatc, in snl,stanti, trr.rptrl lLri
Christos (.boc est corPtls trtcrrnt). Pentrn rclornrrrtori, i.rccst
c-sr face obiectul unei clczbrrtcri. ]11 se transfonli la Crilvin in
sentniJ-it'at'. osti:r i1 scntni.f-it'tI1,e Christos, ca cstc nn scmn rlc
la El,5t trrri precis, un \r'nln e.1rc sL- g.tseste cu senrnificatr-rl

irrtr-rrn rrlport totoc-Lrrtii cle simi/itrtdinc st c1c t'ontact,
(...tartta cst sitnilitudo e t uicirttlds stgn() Lu))t )'cs stttta-

t,1 ...)t".F..t este un sflltll ntcl,ltintit'.

,,Trebr.rie dcci, pe ntn-r ,rfinit,rte.r pe c;1re o ,lu 1r-icnrrile serrrnifi
crte cLl figLrrrlc 1or, sir rrirrtlrrisinr ci;1cest nllnre .r fost atribuit

piinii nu nenrijlocit, .lsil cunr griiesc cuvintelc, ci printr o

.rscrrinrrre forrtc potrivtti (aptissint,t trtalouia) L ] EL splrn ci

este un r-r-r.-,cl de a crn'int.r carc se gisestc in toatil Scriptnrir,

.rtrrnci cind vine r-orbr despre Sacranrente (dtco mctonl,micunt

cssc hunc scrmo/tam, rltrt trsiLtttrs cst j)n):im in Soiptura, ubi dc

m),sIcriis agitur)[. I $i nr-r nLrrrrri nLrurele ilrcruhrr celr-ri nrai

dcr-r-ur este !r:rnsferrrt celr,ri inierior, ci si, in lnod o1-rus, numcle

lr,rcrr-r1r.ri vizibil este 11(l:1pt:1t celr.ri scnrL.ritic.rt [... ] In csent.r,

existi o .lscjlcrlre :1 ,rfinitrte si ;rse minarc intre lu-ml si ccliil.rt,
incit o,rsfcl de transltrqic ntr-rtu.rl,i nu trel-,uic si p.rri ciLrd.rta

srru qreo,ric."40

Lrtcrpret:rrerr calvinisti a sinrboir-rriIor euhirristice in tcr-

nreni re torico-poetici descincic dire ct din trccle Irt:titr,tlioncs

.rle lLri Qpru,isrirttiioli,,rrcrt:t.itr.s,..t.-rt)i:ctti(!)ill\t'rflrttJc, tt1tilltd!(()JcsJli,t notnirtis Pro
numinc iLtrr (,tttsam

pro'plcr cluatrt dicilrtT' l()nc)'c... "+l Prirttr.'cxcurpiele |-trtrizrrte
tlc Quirrtilian p.'rrtrul ir iirr\ll,r tleli rritirr ntctortirttiti st'q,ist':rt
,,1\art ut Libt'rum J'au.t,t(1iL" '1r1c.rcf{1n1tptprrrot r-r"l,intrtoctcotnl)i,n1r)it(c'
acest;1: s (l t4 dln u t 1...1
.f-or i s c c c ri t tt s
/.i t'c rt t i r't

iiustrat c1c Quintilian (r.'in/Libcr, piine,'Ccles) estc probabii
i;r ori ginerr uretonilrizirii siirbolurilol euhrtristicc clc critre

C:r1vin (f;rpt ce i-21 adLls de altfcl porcclrl de ,,tropist").

,,Translaqia nunclui" sc ollLll1e, 1a Calr-in, conccp!iei

meti-rforice ciespre Euharistie. Pentru Quir-rtili:rn, nretaf()i-,r
este o conrp:rra[ie prescLlrt:1t:1 '.,,Con?pdrLTtio cst cutn dico l'c'

116

tIt

'.rlas.)aJrSrtnIIloJIlrLrzrJriJopd.raolqJtrrpal(gaU.(l9q9pqlI)lusaoafl1e,pslrrelslr9trLl.rrnugr?aulsnu-p,qolrrrr
'-JoJrrr-LrrarzrruoJlJrtarrizrorlldgrternP^ar;tErroorJJeJllrlexlurSnsrruuerpsln-rlrelytrurnts1
alr.rnoiqul
lolll.tJurJ
rruo.luo) e.rr-rlodoap u;rdo arur rrrrEtrrir ap :of rnrrn"g.rtqrl
rJlr.r l)ilI:srl rS uJllsrirlr raLrrFIrrrr 'rrtrLrrr,.r1'l rs trii
-lnrlrrs poru 'uuJ.t.r.J^l sJr rrr uarrndsrrul IJ .rJrtsrruqng-u.rdnse
ur 'enrHcrur

p--rE1eJtasrpl-unJrar.,JrtttorJlsSrrlqJ:z!rInnudaropvroLltJq.crmrpr/JtrSJaaarpid.-lrrutrd_tprsJ',JdaIrilupasnpd-_ulInpa'lL(ol$rIatruq.ll1tuJrtraor)ulAuqnaaoru,,s-rrtraeld-aurne,rert,vrlrrraor_-rp;ra1autgtnealiur:udortoodtrlroentinu-dlr(aars-plrrruuralrruntuursrlvr'tqeiqlriarrrp1.Br5

Li;iJ.i,ff #:i;fa'nuu-Jrr'P:pt'oJrJp5truuuur1JllLrrita'Ioa;s:slaatrJdr"rs'oJtnlpUN.,t,Ll.,s.,tf.ru!-J[olrJdr' n;1riurnrJ,sr,oaFerlldlnoIrpnaJnp.rlntri,rrzlfo.rrr-,rrroSnn,zrf_',,,r:a,or.[uraar]qJp1?npo"oJ?1OJ,:rciin]:ln:nf:B,J,:

-rrol 'auroaqoig aunds ,rrtorraqrFsrnt-gre.d"utrrir,,u,,rra1l"n,dafe,rrpr -EroJuE;raJpurEs
alE ,,at,ruoLLr r-rnterr" Jtllllri
atrod ao nolqrt_'tsrur^ltf, n.rlrrad f lentua^a araq: tda;p r,uas
ut 'tnleclv e a-rds erzvJo grtnslnEJeelturaiipruerrrrj1ou"rndo;lrqnuprruu,snn"rorlnplcurt
'rJEIr.rorrc.ql\SJ,rrtJr:uJuBU1 .'mrttol"ldr!.rtu!rfuJJtJu"'lrulrtlr(at.JlrtlsTsAJtr,r\-lrrS.jJr'LupJ).,.ul)rtltJtuut.rlLrldpue!l(.is.ln'rJrrur.lr{tnOrr.t1.r;.O11L,l.rro\1rlrotlrs'relr)rtirrJl/.fruSr)Urrrrr.n..lsrg.rdrJOn.1,olru!-rrrrI[1urfn.Stt
lnnt,r tS EJqlgd_ 'rrtuatJuulsqHsun alJLLrnu tn ua.tatJuuls
-qns/suail aHurds:r: as 'ur,r7so1sr.rr1f rirl ala8rrrs ,arrrcdTsol
-sr,TrlD rn1 yndn,rr uto.[u]atu lnr,rbdr::'as-nprig8urdsag

rtslreJr rl ',.y,,(unu,(uolau )a(l uzt) rnlanrnu t arlrlsur-rl
Jor.rJ,+J_r selr rrru elrot fsa,\r_rtod as a1a,9t1c1oti
J.lPtrfurJst J.ll'1il,) nl'JlJltr;rrr.f.rJl:s.p{trrJI,).llsv.I'.nst'oLt t:Jl.rId
.Jtt:i'(}r)1[IillP.l\lrutlu(l'ltltIltHn.l lltptrtJt.J.rrdl.slJJt]]t)r'J.ur\nt'laUdsrl.rpl5rrrtts,p.rrdrL.o,:rl_u.rJrt'lqlll.rJrst,:)qrr1r1r1l1lri1lt('.))1p.1
11]tiJrr.)L.rr.'.l.rl'$

nt t,:sr.rtso.rd
J1 ,r.lpJ lJJ..

'-!turultrnlr,r-r,,rQJrudprc".lpTrrr8ruour"rlurutrtrrt,crirrgdl;tltrlr-trtrntdrY:i-t1rar,,.rirrftrr,rru\a.r1in]drdE-iarrlt;rl.snr'coalliurliirrorJ:Irollytsrr.sJi-Lo,r',n.U,rEonuoqSrr(rirItiI,rn'a,9Jrsdli.rrir:a-a.arrl8,',u,rercaol.rul(;.qcrI.rz,i.1.,rq,,_oa.yuir,,,.zlatalrrr|tilurel'r.:nrurXrer+i8sare"!srrljfuuul]rrill

-nH lr')][cltr u'uI-\lu) ll.I]LIed'cy,,<750 o)1, culzaoc/ ep u|p utTt)
'(Dio.lDlJul jsJ pt) ottplpll <<Luauoa/ tLt> utaulLltotT pntb asstt

toare lr1 inagir-u. Este un der-r-rers cc-gi are origrnile in interi-
orttl praxis-uh-ri artistic si in interiorul trnagrntr inse si.

In aceeaqi epoci, noul regim al imaginii inaugurat de Re-
ftrnni (si nrai elcs dc C;rlvinism) va duce 1,r o pol,rrizilre ex-
rrenri. Inlre pcret('le alb (c,r ncg,rqie ,rbsoluta) st oglindd (ca
irfin'nare absoluti), posibilititile imaginii prrr infinite, clar ele
trcbuie si fie regindrte da capo.

3. Sfdrsitul ,,imaginii" si sfirsitul .,artei"

Ct1 to;1te acesteil ntt existi, la Rcform.rto.t'i, t-r ,,tcoric il
r1rtei", ci do:rr o ,,teorie (qi o teologic) ,r in'r,rgirrii" (si :r sern-
nulr-ri). Teoritr artei cste ap,rnajul qarilor carolicc, rrl Italiei in
primul ri.nd. Atunci cind tcorcticier-rii artei nr,r sr-lnt f lr'ocu-
pati si raspundi clire ct atacllrilor r efornratorilor (:rg,l cunr se
int:inrpli mai ales dupri Conciliul dc 1:r Trcnto), :rtcngi;r lor
e sre collsacr:rti pitrr-rndcrii crpericnqcr artisticc a I{en;rgtcrii,
r.iztrt:i ca fazi ajunsi lir c:rpitr-rl siu (sar-r crrre se ,rpropie de

cl).

Se poate afirr-na din acest rrotiv c:i, in vren.re cc Nordul
este clor.ninat de ,,teoriir imaginii", cilre tincle citrc ur1 pro-
funcl qi extrem scepticism in privinqrr validititii sale (9i duce
irr final Ia distrugerca sa), Sudul, climpotrivi, cstc dominat

de ,,teoria artei"+9 cle tendintrii totaliz-:rnt;i.

Aceasti totalizare este iilsi, de asernenea, ul1 fenomelr
liminar, cll singura cliferenti ci el nu este ccntrat ;lsLlpra
,,sfir;itului imaginii" , ci asupra ,,sJ-ir;itului artci" . Ea nu
duce insi la distrugcrea imaginii, cr dimpotrivi, lir forn:rrcrr
unor nla11 slsterne rnnemotchnice ,rle cLlnor.lgtt'rii .rristice.

Fenonrenul cel mai important cste aici, firi incloi,rl:i, zrpari[irr

,,istorici artei". L,a se naqte in 1550 o c'lirti cu prir-na cdiqie a
,,Vicpilor pictorilo.r" de Vasari qi cstc, in acclagi timp., sin-rp-
tor-n gi prenonigie: nLl se poirtc face ,,istori,r artci" decit
rltLulci cind aceasta decade. Arta - dc la Cimabue la Michel-
angelo - are o istot'ic: a o face (.r tr ref;rce) ii marcherrzi sfirqi-

tu1.

Privirii istorice ii succede, cu treizeci cle irni nrai tirziu,
privirea te oretic;. Tcorcticianul cel nrai iu-ipot-tant ,rl
,,slir;itului rrrtei" cstc nrilanezul Gi:rn Paolo Lontaz.zo.

Scrierile saleso, consider;rte in ansanblul 1or, tru sunt clecit o
recLrpe rarc a teoriei artistice a vechii ors mcmorali'ld c't com'
binatoria, care-qi triia in secolul al XVI-iea rlrarea si defini-
tiva sa inflorires1. Ele sunt, de asemetrea, siurptomul unci
crize a artei, manifestS, de aceasti dati, pe planul tentirliei
teoretice, sistematizante 9i totali z.ante.

118

6II

riuvlrraza-rdar atsrn '-ro1 ratelr.ro[rru ur ,]uns alapou rda-rp ep
i-a-iu o ad rrtsu-ry' ',sJrlrorlrrs -rnd s-raurap .rri-]rurrd pr11a"'t
1Eaer'r,\-l1elslrrorlzrznplrlIrEoTtrrJrpoOrle'gripuarpnrlncasJpaellprapgte'lruantJreJlrErrrroettsser
rr elej

?s Elrtl

'('(g9oqg,l,reJn-8IlOnrIrL[e]IoUlaLrJUlI:Erryee4.t'IsloJ"lplo^;perraEr-orSla-Elr'1oJralrJnel ryIsnrJu:JgL3Lnnracss)nqefanus(rnerrill7-cIar ;-trrurarodElstpnJuz?r':Ae8oraIr-nlIsoyJl

-sr JIts rarinlo,ra lnt?tlltzJ"r Jtsa rotip rrunriooflad 'r,rrser1
n.uuJd 'trraprradapur ,rup 'ueserl rI?Jtprl]sarll?,renrlr.IrJJIl
-ued srras JlLrnlru Lrn-,illrr sJJLrrJp or3,ror9 rnl
'ri;alsuuag
-Seonnl E ELLrns o EJ lrlltlrlsrrol nE-s ozzELLroa inl alr-rer,ros

'a,rura1d ep rcrrnd parrJllrJsr rnr n) ';crJ pl a8unir'atroc{ ar.r

-olturqnrol fl-rE o rrrunN 'pr^rprrr -rn8rrrs rnun rarmrlca';-rad

rtEJrrSJndan-IprnstrptessunEJo.t-3rrrulEn'erJuclt,r,rIrpynou-a'r,nrJuE)!narrr'Jaiorataudl;7ra,nrasad7diuunrtr1odn1rrecraszr8rnrlrnr:rdorn.clrcrad1;Jod]J;Edpaorndrprrlrn!raouutlslJra'Loourd1ue1nD(riuiaprurrrn3uEl

Jol u!lr.1ur r':rrndns JS ozzrru,lol' t L(t t (l)I t 1 n d tut. 7pueuiHrr.u 1'
1
'tut\ytutut n tq)ol
,Lad a;:ezrtollreru ep Errrol

-aJ tpotallr trurllrr 11 purrrldrrlnur nrr8rrur urp tnlp+ sJelnrn
Lrn ErJ IA 'ElEriop-ro rca;-rad gLU-roJ o-Jlrrr atepa't ,apnl
-f,elJtlrr rrlunl ale rrrotuurqluoc rlrirrrlrqrsod etrot gpur,rdnc
gs 'nrdrcur,rd ui
'rrnqa.rt lrloqurrs soLrrsolorrr[r ]saf V
'alrorrural nJJaLU rrJoluurqruoc trirur,r Joun J-rJlSErr
?aprp

,.i3o1oit.rt rs aclSolo-rlsE rolaLrrar B r^rsaltrns BJ,r?llasrJl

-rr1 '(alauape-r8) cr8ololrrlr rlrsrloqLLrrs rnlrl-r r reare nf, rretJ-rl

-ur as (aia;eopr,roc) IErtslr Lrrsrlocllurs rnun EeurpJo .rnlnsre^

r'-EorLuTlJfJlJlSIppalr1dr_zrouconu'erdcpasdsas,LrEorrrrE,-J,rla.nru.nuoupperr,ntr"oinfa,;oyotdEtudcrraasdtusaop:1renstreoer1ratta'na,dnralrIurJrJaldprrraarpnrdr-Jer8ps

L-aSrtrtdp:orrJsrtnpe.-^arrpJrrrarirp:-d)rdanrnucrrorrSnlol(orerroiaurutudcr'rrr,s1r-oraogdpIenaa-lrrelrE+rfoi,arEdussuuaysarqt,(r,ulcnglr,rrs]E,naJtlueI"ori(u.Jcr,r,odll,orrJsr1,
rr-rJlnd It ttrJLUn-Ttsrrr Lrn r,ra IJ :I f,srfLrE-rJ rnl ,,inln"rtEat,(
IB LrLLrel urP IantslaeprotsrtJr l]vr-r'r(u]ozuEau-rJuosllruL.LrraEaJ) o]l11lc r_r?f nrl
-nad ln.rrroLlr
aiuulS ratu-rr,tapr

IraLIJ ezezruJnJ Es ErnqJrt 1g 'nuaraldlLrr as ayuoLuaru
stu rnl E 'Eluolel 'eal rS tpualuaaul stp rnI E Euerllnl erirpe-rl
'lnursrlatu-ta 'r1equ3 eJtsJ Lir 'crrirlJloruauLLr nrlr+rpa lsEA
Lrrrnr prrrnJrnoqllrersureJJp1ln'lo/rluttniLu)laalg'aornllrrL8LrtrsEaJ,rdolaln,iElCLLr
un ap grodJ
ap raLtoutah[
tzll?tuaaJ InlapoLrr rdnp gtrlqclec e,reurErrur arlcn-usuor
''t;tlrltatt.)tr-<raJd1pnt.frieuta.tp1 Jp JlJrulul gr.ruod rllrsrlrr Jrpu.l ll.lsBiJV
ro-rado rrJEe-rJ EJ,rJpaA ur alrlsrl-m rrinlos

JIrqp JE^ rulu,rolJJ E J-rrLrrgurof prrgl rur,rad',rrtBnr8eurr tE-rEdE
arELLr Lrn rolr,rotcrd rrJ+o JI E Jp etsJ ozzELLroa rn1 ln1al

iri aga-nurniter terza ntaniera. Se/eclionindn-le qi combinin-

du-le i.nzestri.rile, se poate ajunge la opera pcrfecti.

T'opos-uI a;a-numitel or sele ctio qi cctmbinatro era ilustrat
qi de Vasari, dar intr-un sens tradiqional, clerivitrd din cele-

bra fabuli a lui Zeuxis care, potrivit lui Pliniu, s-ar fi scrvit
de cinci modelc diferite spri a realiza o imagine a Elcnei
pentru ternplul din Crotonirss. Artistul trebuie, agadar, si

ieleclioneze aspectele realului - nereu imperfect - p,entru a

reahza opcra de arti perfecti. Pentnt Lontazzo, sclectio Ei
combinaiio nu surlt rrigte atitudini ale artistului in fala re-
alului, ci in fatra artei. EI averttzeazd. tottlEi in privir-r1a peri-

colului ce ar clecurge drntr-o aplicare me c;ulic; a rnctodei lui

Camillo:

,,Si r-u-r f:rcell precr,rr-n ur-rii pictori, cirre furi o n.rini a lr.ri Moise

de Michelangeio, o draperie ditrtr-o statttpi, t-ttr picior a1 1ui Apol-

1o, un cap al 1ui Venus, pelltrlr cI acestea nu se pot potrivi 1a-

olalti" 59.

Este greu de crezut ci contemporanii sii se vor fi gindit

si combine ,,un picior al lui Apollo" cu ,,capul lui Venus",
dar irorria evideriti a 1ui Lomizzo vtzeazd desigur metoda

acaden-rici60. Arta sa combinatorie se situeazi, a$adar, sub

semnul,,elecliunilor astrale".

Templul Pictwrii este o imagine cosrnicS: el se sprijini pe

qapte coloane, aserrleni lumii care este guvernati de qapte

plinete. Fiecare coloani este personificati printr-uu mare

artist, numit ,,guvernator al artei", si ciruia ii corespun_d o

d.ivinitate planetari, un netal, o fiintri sin-rbolici, uninlelept
$1 un artlst antrc, ult poet. Cei ,,Sapte guvernatori" intru-
peazi, fiecare, perfectriunea unui dorneniu al artei: Michel-

llgelo intrupeizi Proporgia, Gaudenzio Ferrari Migcarea,
Polidoro da Caravaggio Forma (in sensul de iconografie),

Leonardo da Vinci fJ-itln, Rafael Compozilia, Titiin Cu-

loarea, Mantegna Perspectiva. Aceste domenii ale artei,_ cu
subdiviziunile-1or, alcltuiesc zidurile qi bolta Ternplului'

Pardoseala este ocupati de,,discerttimAnt" (discrezione),

care gxranteazd urrifiiarca $i concord'rnqa dir ersclor dornerrii

ale ar1ei. Lantemoul ce lasi si ir-itre lumina este sediul Ideii'

El nu uiti si reaminteasci faptul ci Templul este un eclificiu
inraginar, o imagirre interioari, vizibili doar pentru cei
ale5lt't. Cel ce va t-i capabiI sd laci si nasca in sirre]e sau irna-

girrea Tcnrplului si sa o r.rtilizcze irt rnod cortvetrabil va ajunge

'oe cuhnea Artei. - ce pare a-l bintui pe Lortlazzo -
Ca,r,"r"" perfecqiunii
nu devine comprehensibili decit integrati ulei viziuni a is-
toriei, in cadrul clreia concepqiile utopice 9i escatologice

na

IZI

'Jr--aprnor-LVlrUr'e!qurJrrSoglIlIiE1del.l4Jufrs'rlarerr'oIi,no,.rfazoE',z1,dqvJroLLlsUe.Lr;rrr4Jo-nJ^-rJ^t:.u:rrEpdrnoS3orn.rArdrsoqaarpruJrlqnprrlulla,ar,;B1o;r!I"-nuredlrJ;lnutosladc.lr^drxndaltr_snS_t.arrrarlJpltdsJsJnrrrptuS6rleErlJr.rJiruprllnnrJlultupaErJdqLrL-t,urrsru-roronropFt{l
-?'arlrslnlrudl s1y-JrlEJSronIJn1ul'rlrJ:lurs-arrsn._trEr3rSJ':oltnrzrzldvnL.JulooIrtauq1rer,nr3:lnreEp-orrqrJtaJuJrrStIltl-dvrrrrrsSaqtrd.r:.rl"EaroJ1r,r:.rtneupsu-J1rapdd
p nES JoJaprlrrlrc E ':oialelau €erlrnl rELrrnlr nu rzearua,rn8
;tarrr:1d atdcs a1,t: 'r:t-rrpur nes rrt,' ip .ll'lJSounJ e-l ozzvrt
ao'J-arzor1t;zsrler;?unLsJ.rLrrr-JErJror8J^pn-IqaEtcrellnllaJu1rltsrS1aI'tanrl'uu(1qx'€ad,egtultgSnfrt,avuerJu1slnrInraAL'rlyJrlE.'qlrlqnrnneSuJIdgrra.rrrJtL3lStr"unrJtnonUl rJrrrEuan)allsJsltrnnE.lr)t.oulsertsJrrJrutnnaad;sJErlannJlr,lqrua:EElarJur,.rlnJtrEtrnusaJ1or1rprtlJastr1Eru,.taaJsojlpn:tluiJrsr1tLersturrsrrpluaJc
-nrcpuaSap InpoJ tun^s pl_rn Jp aJa_rado :rlorpuo^ES EJaprsuof,

'rl;ZJLu.rrnO,rd rzaluBa I-!s tuJ.lJJrri E InrrrO r,fii-ry Jp JIJrJ
-do^^rsnJ.)ur 'ir,ratSruag airJrJJf,nf, attsol Jfpla atdus nr te-tn8

r'-rvrlzrrt-aJtru,rnao-u1rt9LstitreJe1Juerrtrjt1qL-r4rnpy-l-erIlErrrrna:sllnraplpgourruaeps8,r8lpnrWrrrJS-.trrsgr_o;srJJ;urn1pEaepEt,,,rrrro1o,orJE-rafelIisona.sorJrsgnnll,orL-rrjri
nt:s _c1 o
JJuzrlJrJuoJ Erlcll ur r[.rp rsur
lnsuJS'p]uEtloclrur
-sou |rJ -r trlLnr,l'u'ld.rrsrlrJrn ruslloq ru l5'r.r 1ntde1 ei"tirrloddru.ue9rliel qfEldfltrrrnrsi
rlrap_a^ ES rnqort Je rrr
o IEJJP
gl
ro'--aJnslSrnlensquf"uooEe-tratzlneoLteltrlrrrzLaarrLt.ulretrnurr:drrcopneol,rssrooalulsznnuJ1lpJtdnrr1u.peldnrrlrrzJuJnalaJdp1J.oc,glnan.J)JrJsriordpprrrsuJrr,oulrnlJtrrtEqrrJ3rIEudu,rSr€naJ1EuerlZrtporEuJ_aerpr-nor$rrotzEtrssasApE1Lrnrrr,Er,lJ,rnZ,nl1rasnutoruuorurraagEs_lr
uuaEd-e1Jt(l1nlrIn1r'oopr1'feneoJ1,,,-rrn,prrul1Llrluuotm"FrJJ:LZt-)a:rLaJpr!(-eu0rsfdd.6luur'9artrnctrld)lL1llutunrdrtSorgrar.aJruttron,drrccqr1oLlp-uotrrptt1J-l1stdr,u4,prJrrrr1znu^eaarrtor,l1Er.nuld(rprrOtaur.LSrlJ;qiJgJgJolrpslrrqtzlod)t[.zLr..vrrruLrLal?p't+Li.)lsrtSttaot:p.-ftruarpJu:Sr1pnrjEl'rnadrtJi1p-,ri'IJ.1r.pr\]iarrer.rTiptllrirJ.aqu,r-'r.roucT'r1lq,rt]-Sr,rp1oroa,1e,),raJrpcppdrl'
ril
rurril'rrT lrqczllEJl',,t1rs.tc,trUn tJorzpzJEorJ.ru.l(o)Jl ,.._r1orpnrfr;:rr1.1e.rrp,.,rrlrprn.rordJ
t:.) InldrrrJI tnda-rrror 11 rs-r arrd

-Lror" '.ropq.rrnl rJruJrf un 'lllrs.rJ.\lLrn vared ld ler;rrrJlrrr.-rL'rr
eroIl-Ino."Ira1neprLI!1raroUJ4rLJiIarJSl.nlrprVrtrnrlrrara'nrtrdsssl.nrreeLLnrl5-rrlElulnarpundlorruJrrtrrnsa.lprldnrntrobtnarpf'Jllnnrpunr,onJufyu^lJnaJt'tSt1oJr"urrnpurulrrr:lea-u-r-;lmfr.r,.)srIrJo)SSr1lIdJ1oar)aEo.rarep,)u;ro1rJn3n.4rdnJlrISoJr,E_S3uJllur-uLutrproprnrpartoltrlprsrnluuraurqtlrrxutsrsrtLou,rtrrrlonpLrn)^r)d

tsrrlut p.Jtt,'ozzeLtrol n-rlued .Elrrcuodllrr al,rrd o JnurlsuL)J

este Lln limbaj unive rsal. El cstc ,rnterior comunicirii verbalc
s,ru scrise. Accstc idc'i sunr constante in tratatele de arti din

vrenlea Co ntr:rref omrei69.

Problerna limbii originare qi cea il limbii universale sunt
simctrice . Lontazzo nrl parc a fi inreresat de originea, de di-
versificirreir gi de evolulia ,,1imbilor", ci de unificrrrea ior.
Mai r-nult inci, el fonnuleazi ipotez,r potrivit cireia drvcrsi-

ficarea linrbiior ar fi fost o consecinli a dan-uraliunii.
Aceasti idee - verit:rbili obscsic a sccolr-rlui al XVI-lea (o

rcgisim l,r Calvin, Luther, Card;rno, Postel, la cabaliqtii

cre$tini si 1a profctii ,,cor-rcordiei") - se intemeiaz:i pe

credinlir ci limba nniversrrli estc te7-aurul tnturor limbilor
lumri qi cii din combinaretr lor poate fi declusi lin'rba :rdrrn'ri-
c:i, prebabiloniani/c. Pogorire:r Sfintului Duh, o.oc:rt:i clc
Lonazzo in prima paeinri it 7'ratatu/ui siu, gi nriracolul

Rusaliilor constituie replicr sirnetrici a episoc'lului Tumului

lui Babel. Cei ,,$apte Gnvematori" ai Tcn-rplului lui Lo-
Rt'nuJsz.ezoliiltorarn.sDpLiuvrizaalhreitaec,,tluinrarb:irlcoerlupi rDinocnipuisrleS"ttpiine ntsiauebu,lnoitc:iguil

aparent iloelce (proportrr, dc pildi, ptrate fi, dupi Lorlaz--
zo,,,pari, impari, frac gion.il i, nr ul til-' 11i " ; proporli a rr-rul tipl :i

sc divizeazi ir-r ,,dubli, tripla, cvirclrupl;i" etc.) confcri Tem-
plului aspectr-rl unui rlrirre ,,arbore al qtiintreior" cu g:rptczeci
qi dotr'i de r:rmificagii. Or, numirul 77 era, prin tradilie, cel

al limbiior pinintului; rcunificarea 1or, se_.credea.pc aturici,

collstituia sarcina suprer-n:i a Imperir,riur Milenar/1.

Perrtru Lontlzzo,,,toate 2rceste clenrente gi p:irgile artei"

furnize'azi impreuni posibilit.rtea reoretici dc a crea ,,toate
ir-rvenliunile in arta pictulii"z:. Sensul rlcord;.rt de Lomazzo

r-roqiunii cle ,,invcn1iune" nu este sensul traditrion,rl, dedus
din retoricir antici. ,,Toate invenqiunilc" potcnlial prezente

in Ter-r-rplul Picturii sLlllt, irl realitarc, to:1te combinatiile

posibile ale lirnbajului _Lpoinctauzrazlo. ,IroLurur tpitrroec:er -in-raginilor :rct
interior s ce active rzi qi
- e ste , pentrll
articuleazi toate elementcle pe care traciilier ie-a folosit qi

codificarzr. Teniplul este Lln lnare eclificiu al nrer-uoriei qi, in

.rceIlsi tirrrp, o nrarc lrrasirri tle irrraqinat.
,,Pictr-rr,r perfectir" carc rczulti apare la Lomazzo sub
rloui forne. Priura cstc accea a ttuui tablou reprczerltalldll-i

pe Adam qi Eva, care cnmuleirzi clesenul lui Michelirngcio 9i
pc rcela ,rl lui R.rfael cn cr,rlo,rrea lui Tilian 9i a lui Correg-

gioT+. Aceasti soluqie a fost irspru criticati in secolr.rl al
XVII-lca7s gi rriciodati irrlclcasi irt ldevarrta sa irrtcnlie.

Tabioul exenplar era de asel-nerlea pentrll Lotnazzo utr
tabiou limiti (el vorbegte despre aceasta in ultin-ra sa scriere ,
Idea, datArrd din 1590). Subiectul siu nu se datoreazi h,r-

122

EZI

ortur (.,t N) zgct 'artrpua]^\l p3 'us::n:ng'glny.riorq Llnuoral rorll^ ap;-\rtrnp
auoal t ylty tulntuvW lrr lllrtJfornsn[I "rr"() ap.pr;f,._
Jtxal rS IipJJ-ld

-sns" tdeJp tpcr-+ipf, E-l aJ?f, 'ur,r1e3 ad punyo.rd lusrrrrlJtr
tEJrpl-rlqaEriSrlssErrl-eus^anzoJrllJnudarrl'irJI)rn,JroosllsllrnaalIpg'^d'lJnEIpE]Js,V71aLJgJr1rS-IurnrlssElrJS^urculsrreeCczaJEtrdIar8EErrrloJlt(drJrludIrs-sEl
rrr ,,1n1durag" a.rap:,r. lrr Eslrr e,rr nu e,rrf ltellroc ,rnr8?urr
firr:l Lil JLLr.rrlxJ rurpntrt? Enop eieJ e,r1ur Arl3oJJ ]JEIUOJ ep

tJrrnd rrlr J]SpoLrnJJJ -rErr{f, rue'rlJnuduo'oJzazNt:,rEuJoL1lrllrlnulrInEzZuEtJrnLIrSJaJJ

os aJ (JJEoiJJlxe rS J.rror,ratLrr) .rolnrrlirLLrr l]Jrrdruolsa ?l
ptrrJ^3o[0 rELtr pJ] EJrldJr IJJ]sr
-oLlrauur inldluel rS urconT rnl pEjee]-orrool'ztzzEuLaLturor-sI -renpluIrp1J3rgr"rr'lol
E etnlosqr rzatnuu ,nrr8eurr
'rarltn-I :nIIE pfq/a8azr/5 rnlacu

r-ox8ParrrPn-rllEEorJnlntEBZJS,'(\a€'anJ,Sr,Dmpesllnnarrrsuid)naEfcJar,1ry^oro!ss'raEr;.zprErui.rrl ll.lia'iro).tunrllnlrs,rJrroIrJtutnEn[delsInEurl,e,J'trorlrufpvrtuzJdrll
-elrrrs" ec rrzurlSo raridacuor alE atrrEtrrlrrlnc alafcrrnd JJtLrrp

rrnun r1r1 ur rlr€ LUEIJT eN 'pt-rr Jp erJalEH o-rlurp rur8rurr ap
IoInnupJrulosetasrrs1n1rir'caJr'J1rEnnod1-eo'a;pd;lurlIluAaalJ'l,ra,rreJutr,rn?'r,r,EEErJatsnpE1ra"lrfd,pv-z;ea'!adpsnrersrld"l8iaovptotIieTrJJ .,,Jt.ruJ,.

un (nES

pro-m:)

Inurras qns ruelurct rop ref, lrns en,pa/f at rS an8napy

-_rr,,'1r:-rauol3 Lrr lrtuJSaC alse Jf, tEraleiur xs,ro.\ af iat rrsrapurE
ps rrrlq!.n JrjlsV JIulttr,rids -roi -rolrnr-roJ ta;rro1lrur uud :rof;
-JsSaJPJTrTJTTu;OO'rJ.Srrrufd,'l!n-T:osi pilrElsqns rs rualrur nf re rrr lllu as nu ral
alof? Jlrot
rS untrrd rellr -rollrilo trSnlsap tS

apadtrrl eSriy';rrr t.\ JJ IntJarc]o rruSr,,tnrpp,rarlnourirlirri;,tr,rrusdourotrputrrrrlarrrruenl-ster
t-rdnse rrrlJo
nu r,+ E'r ra 'ra
'Jlrrrnrlut rnlrts lS e.rlsJrEnr r-rnl:rd n: ptrqopodrur €les o--ulrr
rrnq atrrol letsrrJ rp a-rrur rprul8o o arrnd ruo,\ uJEp ,rrpuSy..

r3s l-rus :,,lE,roLrJH rrr InuJSap(( JlSeLUnu IJ Jf ,?lCae9fI ruulduraluor

Inprm-r Bl llrtn Jrr r.rr.JlnZ oJr.rJfr,tr{ Lr! our;ol lll
PtEtIpe 'rc7fitayqly, ti .toTuoldlnrs '-LoluorlJ paapJ LrI .-rn8Lus

atse nu ozzELLro-I 'ursrpntralalur ap lEl-r?LU siarrrep ]sa"lu uI

' ISnSUI | lt :l L7172,t"J'lu[An J tln--r]uT' IE l-r altsLLrr'tce,rg Sqe "'n1-1

-olBrrrqLuoJ s.lJrrrJp .rnd'.rlpuSe'Jls; uzzutuol rnl,,u.rrrt.)ld
-"r:dn5" '-_,,roll.nt l.rrd
u ululJrd" o rs ...r1r.r nBrl Jtuot Jrns rn
aprrr,rdn:r rr e,rnBrl" o .rd t:: (t!t:tzap.J1r1r.tlJpl.)tEu-ottt.zft[l.er.t,ud.4.un1l
-t!d t2llrlt ot,1urtl lrp vapJ lhtptalJ

ur ruT ',,

uttil^l) tJut: uairnrirrlrad ptu.r1 us uJl-lt.r ul rscB r',r u:.rotrtr.'r:d
r.rnErse lr ozzErlrol '(tggt) tutull t:1 1?ttluozpE.Ltrs1ordr i1e.tnxotldf Lyrror

teru rS rrur rrlrorldllrr e-re alelor ra;ado
'rr-rntlr4 rnlnldrual Inrnl urp ilncsuu
-uln" , rS ,,rurpy 1nurn1n" aidsap eq-ro^ atsg ,,,E,rE ELrr

arc{sop .rninprrz

pect"rio. Nu se cunoa$te scopul escalei geneveze a lui Camil-
Io, dar se poate lesne imaeina ci, de-i va fi cunoscut Calvin
,,teatrul", acesta nu-i va fi putnt:rpirea decit ca o niscocire
,,greoaie gi enormi". ,,L'Arte combinatoria, memoratiaa ct

imaginati'iLa" a lui Camillo nu avea, pe lingi Caivin, nici o

gans5. In schin-rb, la Milano, sub aripa protectoare a guver-
natorului spaniol, ea a putut fecunda cea mai anbilioasi
iniliativi de organizare a cunoi-rgterii artistice din toate tim-
purile : Templul Picturii al lui Lon-iazzo.

Unei ,,Arte a Mernoriei" intet.neiati pe ,,locuri gi in-ra-
gini", cultura protestarti ii va rispunde prirl tentativr de ;t
impune o mnemotel-rnici aniconici, al cilei cel mai inpor-
tant reprezelrtalrt este Pierre de La Rirrn6e (1515-1572),
l-rugher-rot nlort in Noaptea Sfintului Bartolomeu. S-a v:izut

pe drept cuvAnt in tentativa ran-risti de a concilia ,,arta

rrernoriei" qi logica ,,metodei" in statu nascendi, rodul unui
,,iconoclasm interior"81, corespunzAnd unui,,icouoclasn
erteLior" din care La Ram6e nu ficea nici un secret. Dar

,,Arta Mernoriei" va supravielui chiar atacurilor directe ale

Reformei in gindirea unui Giordano Bruno, a unui Cam-
panella, a unui Bacon sau a unui Comeuius, marcind toati
miqcarea enciclopedici gi ,,pansofici" citre 1600 82. Lovitu-
ra de graqie nu-i va fi dati de iconoclasm, ci de ,,metoda"

carteziand..

Sa mai riminern insi un moment in mediul artistic din a

doua jumltate a secolului al XVI-Iea, spre a urmS.ri repercu-

siurrile l$a-nunritei ars mcmordli'oa et imaginatioa asupra

apariqiei unei noi. sister-natiziri a imaginarului. Este suficient

si aruncim o privire asupra terminologiei utilizate de Lo-
niazzo pentru a-i pitrunde intenliile. Domeniile artei,

spune e[, su'rt,,despi11ite" si ,,ueorgartizate" (disgiuntc ct
incctmpostc). Nu nc putenr bucura dc arti ca de un altsarr-

blu ('unita'mrrt, gidrrc), cici membrele sale nu sunt
adunate laolalti (raccolti). Arta nu este intr-adevlr ,,arti", ci

doar nigte fragmente ale faptului artistic firi leglturi intre

ele (senza coiiuzione e co[lcgamcnto). Scrierile sale se vor
ci ele opereazi la
pretinde o ,,picturi a picturilor" pentru
Tomposizioni, e collegamento di membri della pit-
tutti i

tura\3.
Oglinda lui Zuccari reflecti la rindul siu o galerie de
arti. Rolul siu este insi sirnilar ,,Templului" lui Lomazzo,

cu singura diferenqi ci sinteza operat; de Zuccari are in
vedere o coniwzione e collegamento intr-o (unici) imagine

imateriaii, dar vizibili.

Nu se poate ingelege sensul metaforei utilizate deZuccari
daci nu se qine seama de faptul cd,galeria de arti se prezen-

124

E7t

p a, r E c{ o ( rartu"l"ia,l rt,l,rnils';el:,iririltlul;la,'uJt:lu',p]lltL!s'iu,Xnx,i,e'l,r;rc;:L'u:::H!violil
-oruJurrr
r1,,

ap
'pirrrrasnor uI 'glts"ra^nrn ealatseounc rlndrrrrur e ap rS uu

urI-rlfrrrLltursro^Jpa,l,ulrErrn:r-,rarrrotp:uL^LrrlrarrJuirrlL:frrrrlrtpiErlrq]tj:-rt)rsrV!do1"dsr{'iriraJ.tr.;drnnaqt;,lostanqrrd-rs1rcr1''tf-Dlrrrdaipn,EisouIaseutrp3s'ulparrrlpnurqJ-erarE,r;r:Lt,8rraaer-1arnoJ:rluIrlrr-rrarupalntrrncl3ldJr
pIJtt''rtrtlr-tlusou'tttsyE-llrlor l-sIJOfltltlrIJrn:rI8nlrotlieSrS
uI JUIAaP utJulL1tultaPuvlA
rrlrnlotourJUrLr tJrrrp.rO

'g,,,,ttidt.t:sttt",,l,rzJ.tdstttt

JrEf,arJ pyr-rdnr o,mf Jsltlf, rlrrro lrr nJZnW-ln.DEaI rzEJZr^rp

r51 1E 'gnBrqllrll JlrEuru lllrllrolroxel ES upotary '6a,,rolr.rnJJnl
alaru;o;" nf ELLr,roJrrol rfru 'arup,ro Etlt o Jrillttsqns r-?s ?J-rA
[r :olrrurJ ap-gsndo,rd r.;claurld paurp,ro Jp lsuJ rzraSurap
.a,fIL,o-strnlors3Jle-nLlrruprunqJiaEal1sln-t.r-aWrrJu1IunrrStbnput;l'flrsteistsjauylllli"galXcrrlflrr'ntvee,(sru.orrlEcylit-]W-trnrat'tlSsIuueJteJfnErLLruarnJgs,erolullDrraJtp{dlus3ttaau-lsrwa1r uqarJ;uuri,l-rrutrrtalrrticsnal gldI)
'''uar1:untratr) tuttsst1dttu2
IOnLrrcS rn1 pur:rrr1-rrd" '(E9E I t.ttracf J
sauotldutsul ur erunlrr rS 'r.-,,rrr-rrpour
q?/lt.J. laa qrrlitrlo

-aznLLr arSolopolaur Elur,rd" lrlunu E-s el uaJJ rri alrrriSlurr r:u

-rqLLroJ E Jp EtJr Lrr atelrJolrp. o rl a,rr:dr o111ure3 orlnrg

'trlozi nldtraxa rrn r-rdsap Eqror alsJ nrr

lot-rir$t-H1^Jn'ut,L,ur*tIb;rr-rtrir:1unrpa,rnlpuit.-zsr,rart1urrud(,Fa,.e.p.r,ro:sr1"ou'.;rrE-dre*rn,r, surrriisr:rr:aoor-irliuoilre1ttttgtuirrref'n)lesJ,pt-iiril!elo-ullltrorpDt']rplnu"u,lr's1,r-8IrIrLaIuv,lrttrpJ'upprr.rutp.oprtrr.u1orJnqlrAdrr

-srP'trrlJ. I's rs,,.tul,)tJ,)lqnS Jlt.ill.'rt)l nU ls,l')lr.t nJol ,)lJlJJlqlt\
tln \l.lt(td r:S" 'rrrrr13.rOg .'lrrrrds 'JlnqJ,t I \ltorrr lsJ.rr UrCI ..r{)l
r-Innar;lEndrt,rruIuprrrnnrjur e-IpnteStrruflsIrrrdnJlnIirroJ-rln-urorn-lr-q3rrolll,'rrrldulrtqr,n.litllnuc,i'ruroeglralruorJlzAtLtrLoufr,urr tA.ltrsAuoJrpJqJIJo;Jcdt 1rron(ary1rrlwSunrs
nrlqnp aI r-rtc o1r-rnolqrl) rur8rrur ap rS (alr,rnde1np) r]r-rrol
Jp tLrJrJof Luatsrs rrn rl lnciacrrol r.-ra (57g1-97g1) eirra-r
-ol:I El rP rlrprl{ rp of,sarucic I1-rl Ir ololpLtts InJqelrf

'olJrLLrEc or]nrc r11l

e ear 'rlrrroriueLrr efap es E]lr?r-r€A ur tpupuquto) ja tpuaruaa
-u? s,t, rlrl 3lE rr,rolEurqLuotr JlrrJetrjl EZreLLrJn ulauu,tullap

-uLlA Puvl -1sLt71X alace rs qo1p711s alat[unu-rsv 'ozzrrLr
rd-o_-I I11l [nrJ.]nrSJ-urLrr).J'rtr ins,rJLlrap Ur puu:ado rfap o-lnzp^
r',-r.-r uirrasa ur'rslJ.Llostrld aridarLloJ LrrE e,rE.)

o-.rtr-up

JpI-JnrltLru.srrJ-etprrJndrao.rrp,are.)tS-JpJrSIropryrJrnrap'rr-uSr''aEJrod'Inr-o;lrIurAI18nnX"rliqu',lr,(Iuriau.u,raisrpr*nua1l'unJl'JpoloaJ.3.t,tr'rriedi_urss-'oitaa.lrpi u'u)rrusirrfJurtJlpr_srbLurls'-lr.(rrnduoelnp.r,EuueonLncrLo1Arrprncr,Jouo?plnl-?.orell,ue-tp,p-arurrrde'dllqneurr'):rll

Dar in afara mediului Habsburgilor, ordinea ,,n-)uzeali.",
arn putea qplrne, incepe si se supuni unor- criterii nrai puqin
absconse. In al sir-r Muzeu din 1625, un Feclelico Bor.romeo
nu va mai n-]enliolla dcloc ,,arta memoriei" ar 1ui Camillo, pe

care o cuno$tea foarte bineel. Iar cAnd un Gir-rlio Mancini igi

v;r scrie ale sale Consideragii asupra picturii (citre 1614-

1621), el ii va sfitui pe colecgionari si ,,grgpeze picturile

dupl epoca in care au fost t;.cute, dupi subiectcle pe care le
reprezinti gi rnodcleul pe care artistii :ru reugit si li-l con-
ref e ''.

Aceasti pluralitate a criteriilor combinatorii face din
colectria de arti de la inceputul secolului :rl XVII-lea un sis-

tcm cleschis, in plini mobilic;rte; Lln ans:lnrL)lu de imagini,

structurabil qi restructurabil in mod nai nrnlt sau rnai pugin

arbitrar.

IZI

IeLIn ILIJLuasrr tzrauorjfull+ at !ilrntSuot ,lot nn ur rarlrayor
P1trrr]s'rrol ep lrrlqnp tleo;ltsru:1JtasrerntJdLoLrEJrSt rrirunq
'noJqEt-Lrou Jtse J3 a-rr:otp,rrdas !luo]lril
(alEs^ reLrill-T
'.lnoJqcl runl
rSe ',,lrrun1" errndo es rnlntJrrrqr3 lnrirdg

li: ff ;'a',sE,6/ri.-trErrnslo.ulsqr'rtartnr:abr Ip4c saruracl,tduco,t,ap;]u,Turqo;'rslCpLl:g/1,n,1lpn'silloI:rtt
ir:ul',;,t1jzoJ uo3; :H:

sJlpg er-rls

n-rlrrr trS;e,tIS)p trurqBJ
/"',/ Jlllol a-IluJ seP alriq tJLrrqEJ" :ltr,iOtEUrqruol tS
srSrJnLUoJlqp rrrnrar,nrtrIrnr p'eorJ-tarsJJrpS ,at-rrd ^Df,JIeS
Jtsa JIEJ a,ref rrrp
lulqlursrrt
lrr"ras IntrreruJle J_rlur Jltt.rodEH

J'I:..r!'.r '.\r1r.UJp ;r.rds 'u:.r1clLrr.3 plrr, ,-,,1. .r.,',';l,f lil:liP,:lJ
rillrrdsu '.tau.ttuutllstr?l>[ :eLrn rr ria-tad n-r]rd rar ep trlrLrrrl
lnriucls rrr rrlllls.rJ-\ru1l rarLroLUle rr.re,radnfa-r alt: alal luns
llrr a-rrlr]rsEIl Jp alrr_rJtr-rf, puEf rlunlr r)^ _rErLIl :E.rrtrla; nJ-raLU
alsa rriralor relrn ,,Ea-rapqrsap" r:c llqrFa-rd ur ruEtorr es
'aJrEotulr+rse1r aru8rpr,rud rnop
a.rlrtrP ttDu ut [ntJrl]uol r-rnprrtJ atlnlu rEur lrr apriud,rns
-rJrplrfrrrr-rc1lrlos.lll-srtatl'[l-g!rstrrUlLrErIJSESLzJIEpEezBErr.,IrEaaLsJtErELIJLsSrrslElolJrtreorOJIlnr.rr0uu0e'e9tsJ1rnsIrnrrll.lllioanu-prrnJpl,urrt1rsrurtrlr.prJrI8errJruorrqsr
!-srrt'ldlllJr.rllr-jrdd:'rt'l.)rlroJlLllntJJspEuJtrpir't.rnrd.rrt
atrtrlrrJas ltsEJJE nrrda-rrro-r .rf !zr.TJ ;p ai,rrrrord t,rL,,,,1,r.,,

'ctlotpnls),rol rr-ros-rn_Jc,rd ro ruV'srrlJut rrrJtsls rrn,rd rl
l(nttzuftu^tuLtUllsVu.lt,l,1,napzunLulr-..Djppunnr/.\s
,,lJurqEf " ap ',,ar-rep3" e p IJI ad lniqurrsrrc _rer ,,,r-ro1qEl.. ap
t-Ia'rallisJJJr,rrrlmol(I)fru.llruq.n.puf^tiit"eprrzS.crEouisadEr,rpaIEnLrrItarpriE,o.zrraerul1aauotl,:'J'rorr.d-r'rlrdr.r-:strnrr.ptrellJrstdJolrldsraoJpprJugr,a'rarJJo+lraSrl,rparJrtLt-.rrrJrrarr-J;rrlaaro?prrfrJlrrJ1p1eOrr.,i-LSrrrz.trJar,c-rurrrurrrril1t"pluInEollrs:,c)r

1o1-l ,r.1pr111qBlJ J[r JIq.lJll.lJ.lr.tHSI]l.r.rr.rt'lrrr.rt: t?lt.l.r.ttr:1'!:lpjOS

-''--rq/torrit:Jr'parr'mSJ1rllotn''s3qIl-."'trrronesrr,.slrerdupzLar'ururt.oarud8rar!lltercr1-,atrlgiqlrotrLs,rrr.usr,e'Errtpraepl,ttrrulrurcorquctsulr.n)p.rlrrornrlrrr;lilr1u-,rtg.r.n-yrrStqdtror1spro1tp1rcr-lrn..rras1ir-.rr-rsra-tItsl.trrtptlpr3uoa1r.str
rrrlrn - Errnpe vp8ay y 'fclgrurse ap auri aricalor err,r6

lrnolqelTa8eolefeJ .I

IEntxauatur 1n[eua,r8rv'IA

s up e rc ornicca. in interiorul.,,slper-ranei " - sp a,!iu l colecqiei
- se constrtllre o retea de relirlii dc la t"rbkri"r la tablou, pe care

le voi rrumi de acr-rm inaintc contextuale.
Faqi de celelaltc tipuri dc rel.rtii c,,rntcxtuale cu care isto-

ria artei este familiarizati (ciclr.r de flcsce, rctablu cu voleuri
etc.), reiagia ce se stabilegte in ir-rteriorr-tl turci g:rlerii prezint:i

pgcanrtcizcauiasirli,taoteeantictaitefieincasrreneim) aargeincelrc(pcta,r,efr-crtsrtde:,rl_" .:prnrisnainnlsbilguil

celolialte opere gi poate devcni, la rinclr"rl siu, ,,fisuri", pen-
tru a recidea putin dup.i aceea in ,,fr.rncirl". E,ste, de trseme-
nea, posibil si se stabileasci lesittrri lateralc 9r si se rzoleze,
irr c:rdnrl scrici, sec\-clltc Iorntrrc din .1, rtri, t rci s.ru ntli
multe imagini, ceea cc nu clininueazi relrrtia dc bazi, carc
este ce a a unicitiqir operei in f:r1a globalitirlii colecgiei. Con-

topel'xo,t,vufioieiilliuctari it"e- rcs.eitotrspaeeti.rdr:einrrrda.rqtoienraetzrf-lieodxii.vncaot:rle-Jncnpqcicr,',(fup(n'rpiclcc1j;turr1nic",at,itrtcltrs,lte,-tatrctctthltiiPaerr1

percepe o opeli de arta cc se detaEe;rzii (sell sc proiccte:rzi)
dintr-un (pc un) ,,fund,rl" cilre rlll estc riltul dccit ,,arta".

Rclalia contextua/ci subingeleasi dc colcclie nu clevinc
ins:i pe deplin con$ticnti decit atunci cind ca se preschinrb;i
in rclagic intertextualii. Cu alte cuvinte: mrri r-nult inci decit
printr-o oglinda care il rcJlecti (ca la Zr.rccari), .rtttoct''ngtiint.t

sistemului de in-ragini v,r fi oferit;i cic un tablou c,rre-l
reprezintri. Ascrncnea tablouri sc ntuliri (in primir jurnitatc

a secolului a1 XVII-lea) cu zecile: accasti prolifcrare r1tl estc
nin-ric altceva decat un sirrptorn al nccesitiqii, pcutrtt oricc
colecgie, de a se conve rti in propriil-i irnaginc. Tablourilc nu-
nrite ,,Cabinete de Amatori"s (11. 47-53,55, 57, -58, 61, 63,67)
nu fac dccAt ceea ce era cleja inplic:rt in ,,as,rr-nblajul" cabinc-
tului: ele conferi un ,,cadru" cupurii existcnliale operate clc

orice colecqie. Transpuncrea sa in tablou este , firi incloiali, o
operatie paradoxrrli, carc line - ins:i intr-o trr:ruicri cartctc-
listici - de p:rredoxtrl oricirei irr trcpri rttlcI'i,ttrtoleflerivc.

ln cazrrl unci colcctii (al oric.irei c,-ilccrii;, obicctrrl crrc ()
reflecti gi care, in cele din urrni, ii conle ri con$tiinla clc sinc,
este catalogul. Orice catalog seanrini cu oglincla: el este, din

pLlnct de i,'edere intelecturrl, superior colccltci in sinc 6 5i

posedl url 9r:1d c{e coeziune gi c1c coercnti pe care colecgi;r
nu-l poate atingc decit in visnl colcctiourrruIr-ri. C:rt;rlogr-rl
este visul oric,irei coiecqii s:ru, daci vrct.n, el estc coleclia c,r
Ei conccpt pur/.

Mcditaqia .lsLrpra raportului clintrc coleclic qi cirtaloe cste
deja prezenti in ,,inventittt-ica" 1r"ri Borghini pcntru ricel irl1-
diolo de ia Florenga, in care se clelinc,r sistcrr-rttl cle imagini ca
o ,,conscmnare St cvasi-inpcntar (dar el voia si spunir ,,ci1tr1-
1og") al lucrurilor"s. Cu alte clrvinte, acel stuc{iolo nll crA o

128

6Zt

o EOBC 'erJlsap nrr Ia (lEJerra? u1 'pzvan1e.r.a rS ezra.nsr8a-r
-ur tIrn.JrtELtrrrratAoLarrIq'oaJ€ILnULlrrenrulnIJ'gf l-rlJuotudar,ltinert aepxIenJeeIurrlneuprcEal?pt.eror-drnedl
pA

arrrpJo o 'nlqurrsutr ur rrJtJlrrr E Eei raf,rqo ap alsa Juluellrr
rrr a-rr-nsr8a.rrrr Jp Eeurp.ro '(assnorc7 rla4) ,,auvosrad iann
JIu JtJts 'atrtar-rdo-rd ep rJnllrl 'alrqoru 'unnnq elsnr alofruu

ad rS sr-r:s rrr ErJr-Lrnrra" a-rr:l crpun[ ]uelunf,op rrn atsJ In-rel
I u n s nt r ti;l):""rrrt
I' ro pI ]- Lr a A rr r r x r a rr ru r 1 r tr r I s r r z p I s
?,? r,,

Sru-Sl-soIurl'urtn,JtLuIorpt-liqruanea,orrzdlqasJetatdslpaJatefBEaaarlJla|r-r;lucuotur -rarrpSdalrr,trrrrduls-oI,cr,[Srlrr,\'-r,Xrro.lultrorIluluuruvrIrnrlsualao-prf],eEataJsuptaarCu"prsrrq'rrLrrari3grd?l"rlJrlueaafaat,Lrppurrrr

Inurp-ro ep atetrlrqrsod o rrre '-rupese 'gruf iarloalor eltrirrets
-qnsuol 'sn1d rrr 'tuns rS prolrrof, /vttpluaaut rS ytSolawt
a'g-rpeuf,rL-rrrdlnlr:zo?tnrEuresIEEJSJptuc-rrpJdortlar8urlaqronqaersJar nu ue-raprrrJdn:olny
nrr 1n8o1err:r -rEC

'alrrJf,rr.rr nu EfEp 'Jprurrt tulp,ru ne-s auado;na alautoJeLrrel

-rra4 rS -r:tda11 '-EJJC olJfr-rtauroaE 'rpunto; ErJrf, EO ,,Erur"
atsaSqdap a-ruf ',,nrrn" tsaou cp giEJ rrLrrlol ?f, LLrEi,rElrre-r
nN itrur;-slir'rt artef, aluuorie,r
ps urind rtur atsa o nu t:Jrrp',,alduorr tun rS arru
roIJ^JDauLfU,rlj'rlrulrurJaUs lpJo Lrrp a,rrstr

o E" eJEo elsa aJ 'rrJp-r.rslir lnape:o-rd ur alES alnrr8r-ro 11 ap

rcur rsnlol plriaza"rd atptrlrapr'rr,rapnr,rdncolnu rnlnrdrcuud
r Elrrartxa Eatctrleepr ap tulap '-rn8rsap 'rq-ro,r Jtsa nli rlir

lEC '6,,trLrrJrrl EI" pJl-ml '1no1qer rt ,rE Ia :tnrr+-srru,n -rrlulrrr
un atreod es rnqart JE nolqet rluS Jl,rrl-]n3o1r:183 'eslqrsap
JrrELrmJ €rJes rfEO 'ltpralllLrr atsa (eratorlqrq nes) erlcaloc
J-rEf Lrr InzEf ur 'e-rpur rrlu IJI JU ts rnqe-u e,r 'eoalorlq
-rq-cp-3o1e'alur:r-trtrzl,arp-rcdaI;uotrnlJrOaps rS rc ';etrre.tur ep In-rpLLr11N
gs rS
'1rcpr poLU uI 'Ir1qJ-Tr rr.r 1a
rar,rap8 mleta-rjd E p,raqrl annrl;od driritln ad cpr r,r as 3b1er
-rl-mlrlolqEt Inloi 'laJ r-I 'l-rltn rnrrn r rS ;trunn rnlrn pLU-ro+
qrls Jrrrs ad r:pru-rdno JS 1rs nlqe-rt r,r 1e '(uoa;Err t?lep atetrl?
-r,r rrr eldruelLrr Js nlr ar r:aar) IOpr+ ,rEtuallrr Lrn ap Eqrol JtsJ
rInruzpel'rrSrrt+'eE1ryrrnel,nt leusnll-nruslnIrrrSlr-rogyls'nr1-ra'eleclai rroJrrlrqnrqIEa1pacrn'nlnoliloqleetreuoc
'nus rratorlqrq rarrn 1n8op:r:o atsa 'aurf, ap etptrltr ur 'priuc
rrlrntu lexope.red ap LuJ-nxa 'e.tulodrurp
']I t^ IT 'arqrun Jp
nrs JltsrJurLLr Jp'JIrso1.rp rri:r1o: laun tsJrJlr.rsJp JrsJ pr.rpJ

rJrrntu lexopr"red (LrnJJplJlr.l rJ E.\ nrr 1a'( rurHeurr Jp ruJtsrs rrn

u''-'1alanrtt-'.zer'rd-ruSrr.tro.rur:Eln[oeLdtrrlr?lltrlc'lurJnla'n.lapnlls+lrJrlJuqpEJurt1rzJSetrrrurtre^3E'aruodSJ1(rUurntJ,rIraf:rprl'r---ul.rJraltrIrspi)lttJoqJr:p:rrntrJJrsrlrJplyqrurtrriupnlJrrus'lSxltuEoaeroupporrrrr.d'rr-raorrcu8l1'spderaJ-1]rIEJnnepLrptrtll1rrr)r.aEnd\sJt8rslp.aorrrJsp1flSnreaamtBttrxlroitJrdvulatrtrrtlrnourrrcnr:]

face, va fi numai spre a stabili relagia existenti intre obiect gi
valoare sa: ,,C) pAnzd de 2,5x3m, cu ran-ii auritl, pictati
desivirgit de Rubens. 300 de guldeni".

Catalogul este o desflqura"re in orcline (kata-logon). in
kata-logon, impulsul structurant prcvalerzi rsupra irn-

pulsului repetitiv. Spre dcoscbirc de inventrr - instrurrrcrrt

diacronic -, catalogul este un fapt r'le sincronie. Daci cl trpc-
reazi. cu siele (cifre, litere etc.), acestea indici intotderunrr
locul obiectului in spaliu. Orice ansamblu cle obiecte su-
port; inventarul, dar numai o categorie lir-nitati suporti (sau

necesiti) catalosul: colecgia.
Cel n-rai vecl-Li catalog al unei colectii privatc care ne-r

parvenit este probabil ccl al don-rnului Antoine Agard clin
Arles, c-latind din 1611 9i intitulat:

,,Discurs 5i registrr,r a1 medaliilor,si al celorlrrlte anticl'rititri .rtiir

pietrc preqioase) qr;1vuri sau reliefuri, cit 5i ;rlte pietre natnr,rle
admir.rbile, m,ri r-r.rulte figuri 9i st;1tl1i de bronz.rnrice, ce 5i st.r
tui de teracot:i in rrrrrnier.r egipterrna, 5i o seemi cle antichirigi
rare care ar-r fost;rdnnate, gi in prezent rrrrrnjate in crrbinetul
donrnr-rlr,ri ANTOINE AGARD, rlracstrLt Orfevrr-r $i Anticrrr
in or;rgul Arles din Provenqa."

Acest titlr-r este paradign-ratic, qi aceasta nu numai clin
caLrza vechimii sale. El r1e arati in priurul rind ci un cat,rlog
estc urr discurs in care se desf,i5oard nigte obiectc, desemnate
sub nnnre1e de ,,medalii",-,,gravLrri", ,,statui" etc. Accstc
obiccte sunt reznltatul ur-rei ,,:rdunirri" qi al unei ,,aranjiri" in
cabirretul iurticirrullli. Fraza prir-r c;-u-c Antoine Aeard isi
incheie ,,cliscursr-rl" nll este mili putin clocventi:

,,Rinr:in (Prictene Cititor ) nr ii d c .rlte q;rltrntcrii nesc rir.' pc r rt rll
ir evita o preil nrare prolixit:rtc, & piese fo.rrtc rrt'c pe c.rre, prin
r-niirtrntl rrre,r osteneali & cir-rt;rrc, 1e rccuperez,rdcse,r spre .r ti
srrtisface curic'rzitatea, drrcri e:r te incle,rrna si vii sa nri vez.i, 3t
si:rtir-rgi cr-r deqetr-rl tot ceea ce !i-rulr insenrnat nrai inlinte."13

Catrrlogul se prezint:l, rgacl;1r, ca rodul unui efort ordo-

rliltor $i sclectir.. F,l nu repctri crrbinctul, el il reprez.inti.

D:rci nr-r sLlntenr satisf:icuqi cle ;rceasti ctrllcefrtlrrrlit.rtc tlc-
clrrrati ,r ,,cliscursr,rllli", 1-rLl 11c urai rirmine dccit si ,,coLrorinr"
cle l:1 collccptuarl la rc;rl 9i si,,veninr si;rtir.rgenr cu dcgettrl".

O privire arullcati rrsLlprrl l.'xie r-rltri cpocii sc viclcAte rrici
extrenr dc instructivi. Fr-rretibre ( l6q0) define$tc inr,,e ntarul
cJ pu (t,,f)esericrc & ctturnet'rtle f:lctttri irt scris.r rttobilr'1,'t'
& rctelor, c:rre sunt intr-o cz1s5"11, ?n tin-rp ce catalocu/ este
definit ca ,,listi Ea nenrorju cc contine urai nrulte r1lul.le pr'(r-

130

.r L_r i:i-r...iqr_ .r1.1(rlt'
'1 :
JrJtr lr'-{$X!
U()lLJ \

1,l,-,P

-JP J.rJu.)-rlrc JP lrnrsj rJrrnrirrJltr '.,,rlllP.l( ) P l"lt'Uil tltlt"' ( I J.l(lq
)]sJSdr-L, J.rrrJerurlLrJ

''I-'JrynrrfttrtsBPHuqtrf':(q.r)3r,ntSItoJrr1tIplEuJIlrsr.l:trstr,lu?t-lC")Jl"ULarr:rnaunJsrJrlLrpLl(JrfroCnlrrruslrqxorrsJrferlr);st^'tlasr,rtltrtu!,osrptdutisttuIrrrtJlorJTpt'ri'vJ:)ottttqua?rttlorJpnutptrt8irl'DnaEr.qrVfrr.rr1a.ulljutr).otnpaE1atpJvaurit'zt3L'Jro,).,,u11r,uru,r3cttl)rotrt,)1ptt
-JlCr tn p :p rirrr rla6-J'uHe.r r(n rot oJr"rrrlr?rprllrlJolrlrJel.sltap'(p-rtrrtrurar,-\rrordrr
rriu-r.rrsqo rrr
- ,,JLlrl-ro plrlrrnuu
ap

'rtrln.rolrru rtrs,rr-ar ltlorldn'Jrrrar.surrsrnrol)att:o]siJlqJluq.rdaprz1unri3rro.r1;au.lt'rrpr1l-Juatprr:rJL).'31

ul LlrrroLr

as arJrlJJnC 'lrlLu-ral LunJn tseJE putlrreLUof, 'ul trrapr,ra alsg
'at,JeLrrp-lo qlnLrnrrr o-.nrrr -rsndsrp rl.rpr ap nEs nrJLuEo ap rr.rd

Rern;rrcim aceeagi ambiguitate in alte zone lingvistice. !:

Te soro de la lengua castellana, o espafiola al lui Covarrubias il

(1611) definegte inventarulls, dar tace in privinla catalogu- Iqil

Iui. Cit despre Vocabolario del/a Crusc,,z, va trebui si se s
a$repte edilia din 1680 pentru a gisi, in sfirqit, o drstinctrie
!
intre in'oentario si catalogol6. in domeniul lexrcal ne in-
d
Aceasti scurti incursiunc
ffi
deanrnl si credem ci, in tir-np ce in'uentarwlbenefrcia deja de
E
o claritate semantici evidenti, defintia exacti a catalogulwi,

aparut rnai recent, a pus problenre qlosatorilor. Dedirccm

,,modernitatea" 9i ,,dificultatea" cara/ogulwi in calitate de
concept. intr-adevir, istoria,,colection]smu1ui" este mar-

cari - cel pugin in prima jur-nitate a secolului al XVII-lea -

de efortul de a cataloga. Existi inilial o anumiti nesiguranqi

terminologici, verificabili in titlurile cataloagelor 5i/sau in-
ventarelor de coleclii. Uneori cata/oagele sunt numite ,,in-
ventare"12, dar inoentarul nu este niciodati desen-urat sub

numele de ,,catalog". O solulie intermediari este oferiti
prin desemnar ea catalogului scr is prin insu5i nurnele

colecliei (Kunst hamme r, G az op /ty I acittm, T h e s aur u s, M -u s e
um, Cabinet etc.). Dar aceasta este o situalie tranzitorie.

Curind, vor apS,rea titluri mult mai clare: Musaeum descrip-

tum, Musaewm descriptum et perfectum, Musaeum delinea-

tum, Tltesaurus ex thesauro selectus, Spicilegium, Kwrze

Be scbreibung, Explication, Ennumeratio et De scriptio, Col-

lectaneorwm Descriptio, Index Musaei odcr kurzes systema-

tisches Verzeichniss, Ordentliches Verzeicbniss, Synopsis

methodica, Synopsis rerLtm, Musaei tabwlae... Atunci cAnd

termenul catalog incepe si aparl, se simte adesea nevoia de

a-l explica: Index siae cata/ogus, Cata/ogue & Description,

Cata/ogus oder einc in cjrdentlicben classen abgethci[te speci-

fication... Va rrebui sI se aqtepte secolul al XVIII-lea pentru
a alislx la triumful ,,catalogului metodic".

in Flandra mai ales, rinde manipularea 5i acumuiarea
obiectelor de arti cuno$teau un avAnt firi precedentl8, con-

trastul este frapant. Colecqiile sunt n-iinugios inve^ntariateIe,

dar sunt lipsite de cataloage, cel pulin scrise. In schimb

apare bogata serie, firi precedent in vreo alti larX euro-
peani, a tablourilor cu ,,Cabinete de Amatori".

Tablourile in care David Teniers II a reprezentat Galeria
Arhiducelui Leopold-Wilhelm de la Bruxelles2o (il. 55)

narcheazi momentul de inflorire al galeriilor pictate. Ele
pot fi considerate nigte exenple tardive, dar tipice, ale in-r-
pulsiunii catalogatoare. Operele care sunt reproduse in ele

sunt ugor de recunoscut, nunele autorului este inscris pe

{iecare rami, asamblajul reflecta irrtotdeauna o secliune pre-

cisi a colecqiei (gcoali itaiiani, galerie de portrete etc.). Este

1,32

trl

Inlolos Lrr (lnroi rrPJf, u,\ rr uttl)l-toJJrd u/?11#)acf J'r-rnttrd 3p
-rrl-nrol,rrrBlor(ofu'lE-i,IiJnc-{roorr--rranlBriul rJslnopOJI--lrdpJo-,rrd-J,^rurrrtul-JrTFLrTdLLT.rJ-Srr-trLJrl,rTl - trlrrl

!lr-rnl)
-irl-Ir EnrJIOr uip auJrlEtr alJ,redopodrr ldnp Jsnf,r+ al s,iaru
-JI J.rr.r .rd .,:ltSrtsr:d" :npo;da,r rrirll!p nr r,rn,ru-r8 ap f9a
rtrrtrtrrf .r e,rtnr o aprii,rdnr rl,rr,t-3olr:lrt lsotV
:tttrHt'Lrtt )l) uul t1a ptd ut /t.(

-' Jrrs]tJslu(aEclrtiallrrJtlLntrv'lns-lerrndtr):,LE stplou(f 'Jt,rrr-l1lir'rlr1r:-'r I l, rrl J In)q
rJ ,ror JHuolllll-r-nroi(lrl
J8l!s^J9f1rujIr )i) itrru.tn

;p selairrr ap Jrrs^JI Jts:J
'rJnJelot alu

tu13L)Lut JtSru nE.rA'-ro[Jpn,r',ro1iir-r;rror'-rolrrra]at-id JtBurl

-sop 'alito1r:ttl-r"rlto]qrl rlsrrr 'al,rr:cJ !llr ur snclxa ap r-rnopr:l
atsrrr nt-ra a1g'rSgsrrr urirrlor er; asndr.t nu,rJ -11rr c-lrlf, trrns
ailin,rln] 'urind 1ar's-rarrrrl rnl JIr -rttlar rirrr,rr-rd ur -,,r-rol
-t]rrv rp )[J]JrrrqrJ'<( :lltzul !tEporf,ru ts(li E t-ru 'rrcur t:irrrrlS '()lt_i(l .ilrl
ldnp '.rrC '1'ttnzt.rda-r al J-rEr od a1r-rrdo r,nui-rd '!po,r ar-ra1
-eB o-,rtrrr 1nro1 rsg8 rrtncl -rr:-rs ,,-rotrrlr\,, Jp taurqrJ" Jrr,lo 'llr-1 6al x '
'asnpa,r J]Ds ,tolrul-trsuaLrrrp !luotEp :uluJ-r)ot el,tlro,+ atrl
'!" lL

rJ rrln '1{;!9r//'1rrr.r
l

-rlttittclsqnsuol o--rlrrr '-rrprsr 'ptsalrulur JS J.rr.trr-rz;r.rd.r-r ;p.r r1 .)D L)t r'
LLti.t i il,
.lol ln.lJlJt'.lt:J 'll.l l,rLtl I l.lr r.).ltr-lr l1'.\J| ,r1(3r1'qi31r trtt t'atrrrit'1 '1t)f

t.,t,1 p ct
1 1 )l)),1 lr'
p:arsrrnSprJi-gr;rarpr,rLorlrrJ,-rrntxoalqluE.rloarrIetLHnLtrisr llruJntrrsrp),pr-]rolltllollruv Jp J]JUTqEJ(< 'll s-rJrr
ap
turt,rodurr Pi.\rr( I

urmitor, lur Prodromws Tbeatri Artis Pictoriae (11.54). De
aceast; dati, pagina are aspectul unui perete cu picturi.
Tablourile sunt clispuse dupi tcoli si puse in pagini potrivit
unui sistem intemeiat uneori pe dimensiuni, alteori pe

genurile picturale sau pe subieite. Aproape intotdeauna,
uuul sau mai multe tablouri cu buchete de flori sutlt inserate
printre celelalte. Le vom ldmuri rolul pugin mai departe. Din

iele treizeci de plange dtn ProdromLt's)una singuri, a cincea,

conllne $r lmagrnea unui ,,Cabinet de Amator". Este vorba
constituie o exceplie. Acest
faaicpi tdereoiepiea-gdinini caarme,pilanstra-ruena fel,
centrul ultimului rAnd, in
in

p"tt." de jos, a Doamnei Ia toaletd de Giovanni Bellini,
iablou in care motivul oglinzii poate fi privit ca o trimitere

directi latematizarea vizului. Prezerta acestor elemente au-

toreflexive in catalogul talziu cu gravuri care este Prodro-

mus ne aratd, cl.,pinili intr-o lucraie dorindu-se strict doctt-

mentari, inserarea unui discurs secund, poetic, sau chiar ale-

goric, era aproape inevitabili. Pentru a inlelege pe deplin
Jemnificagia acestui fenomen, va trebui sI plrisim ,,1llomel1-

tul Teniers" $i si facem un pas inapoi.

inaintea primelor decenii ale secolului al XVII-lea,
cazurile in cire se pot identifica cu certitudine ,,cabiuete
rea1e" sunt intr-aderr;r e"cep[ionale22. Iar cind aven-i de-a

face cu rcprezentl.ri de galerii identificabiie, reinterpretarea

lor, datoriti transpunerii lor in tablou, este - vom vedea -

incontestabili. Am plrtea, in consecinli, si deseilnim pe

drept cuvint, primeli ,,Cabiucte de Amatori" cutloscLlte ca

'pe nigte ,,cataloage imaginare". (sau pseudo-cat:1-

Fiind imaginire, acette ,,cataloage"
loage ) nu ar ttibui sa fie citite ca nigte docut.uente privind un
ansirnblu real de opere de arti, ci doar ca atestalea unui gust

combinatoriu ce se desfi;oari ir-rtegral in irnagine' GIsirn un
corespoudent posibil al acestor prime ,,Cabinete de Arla-
tori" lntr-uu get-t literar care cunoagte , in aceeaqi epoci, o
rnare vogl iri toati Europa: Galeria lui G. B. Marino

(1619)23,'Cabinetwl lui Geoiges de Scud6ry Oe+612+, galeria
ltriSalistano din E/ Critic6n al luiGraciin (1651-1653)15 sau

cea a lui Ch. Perrault (1653)26 stlnt exemplele ccle nrai in-
portante . Pentru a pitrunde strllctura gi funcqionarc,r

iablourilor cu ,,Cabinete clc Arnatori", trebuie ir"rsi si liuem
seama de caracterul lor pur vizual. Chrar daca impulsiunea
catalogatoare gi cea desirtptivi le pot veni din.alti parte'
transla*qia unor asemenea impulsiuni pe planul pictural este

decisivS.

134

I_ce

-rrd -roiIr-IJIr,E" Iu 1u-rntritl tnlnurB r: 'r:,rprrt11 ttt 'L:a,itttttts

aI--arlscrJrosl lJnrJ.,1+Ill)rJnr-rrtucI1IlalSraplrt,-plr-rrrra:rodccrl{aLrurarlItr'tsrtla!rrtsr-rrltrr)op8doar-rStr-rrrrt:1allnc5llrurruoa'grrtlrrtrnrlrrodJr!lotltdrrgluJarlr'-rtiIrsrqt-rorFonsttaruLsltIsIlJJllrEpInrrNslPrua'lrJrrru-prIo.LrIIJrtrlrJISLJtII
rrn alsJ rru8rurr nr rair_1u.rdns Ea-rt?lJr-Irrd 'lrqoLLI nortud utt

nr trrrrd ;irrJrJd Jrs^amf,olur s.renuV r'1 ep ynj,is rrt ra-tlrrudxa
''r
rF' rL' rLr r'1*'I z E ru r,+ s rr f .'I r

. l;.,1]l l.i,il., :iJli;']'l],1;' :,tr,,,

-oLLr trrns^ tr,rr-rd rnllrLrrsrur)ljrJIor In+rrrrlrit rS sirpa-r'IninlErtl
--roJ rrporlr '-rolJurf-r ualt:rryrldrurs 'l-rodrrs^ razrrrcl rJ,rEZrl
t:l
-r-ranl3'1rqrr-rodsrrr:.r1 nlSrnudeip rl Inolq?J.'llrtrJtLrof
rnrsJrlurntiuritso-tlleniduluyond'rrrti"iirupruroS-arltLsnul ro'Jrrrrrrraeslsp^LrJr,r\J-tslt0-sr0ue9-ar1ptlrrrou:"l1rarlrdtruo'nrrultrrnprtoa'srlsu;aa.,'rtrrru-urdy,oarr,1ireu-rl

lrn atsa LtltolqL)i tlJ )/)lata(J'rooda JlrlrrnLrtr rJUn r gt-rr: a,rdsap

rrldaruo:r urp at-rrd elrr] ptJu ap c-rado rJun Ea-rLrtlraze.rJ

.Ef ASLIIJ]III A]TT]IIIqOTU ELTINIIB

otD.rsplttlrsrdiuartrrn-ld'atpar.rrrai:drlaraularoqP'ttI:E1aac-PreIdJJattcr,nra?dzvtrneL'lrrrjto,tju'qorluqru-rl

rEuei rurr,r 'lp191ac ep r.rnttIe lntrn asndra 'a1r,rno19r:g

,-,,"'-ro1ia-rad ra;uedorr EI rerap fSO^rJS nrr a1a [ ] iaurr8a-rt
-ur ur JIOl)LnqpJ rrrrqo ap JsarnllJIrr nu
a;n8urs ayrnolq?I"

:rulr ap Intsep lrlrlt ep aunds o 'd:apnrg ap sa8-roag
l',s,-erlo;e1sataaul rEq-rro3r"?f,rraulre,rinJonlqar;rol JqtnJsJ-tutrapldJunrolrrnr'-trrooardrnn-s rd,arp
,rr:dsrp

ra :e,rr;todrrirp J?rLI3 rq 'Efasur-rtrrr glrtetse J.ruolE^ o nr nlr

ensary 'ips rrlalad trrns r.rntrrd no teurq?f, rnun alp arurt-rod
-Lrri rrlli JIar JletLrarr-la1a 'prrorlfun+ J-rJpa^ ap lcrrnd ur11

Ir48euq nr aloleJad 'Z

'ral-IIAX IE Inloras ur ptre ap -ro1a;ado earur

-uazatd rS ea;rindruuur pur,tr-rd aluerrnf,op atsru ad ?f, ,,rJol
-ErxV ap alataurq?C" luJurolu un ';rprSe 'rueraprsuor gg
'J]EZrlpnlxJtuor ;olrurSrurr eJdnse Luqrsrsur ts atnqa;r 'atez

a-rd[rnr]rxiqJilrJlernlrtrxrJ:tlurrorrJ8erur,r,iJEEp3JaoqLErnl?E"apraautnullpnrllzl t'-lnrBzualSrearutst a1nEuael1edl
-rlentxat;atur ',,uo1ELLry ap iolataurge1l" lpnazvpczTtt/tp'ueiJxateu-raelursl

efap truacuj ruv 'nolget-ErJJle8 urp roI

rS p srz -nr.rdo.rd e r.rap8 rrrp "rolrrn8r Lur ? a,La zqp n 1x a luoJ ) JlLtl

E'rrtrrrgIItntlauzaalu;daaJ-srrp1e -reur8rrtn inueld rS lear 1nur1d a,rtur 'gtrp o
gs 'rJuaruJSB ap 'rnqar: ep leu
E,l, ',,-rolrruy

-lqEJ" rnun ]r ,,toqo-r-[rl]e.rt.rod" rurur)orlrr ps ureJ^ ElpO

tate ", se cristahzeazi, n-rai ales in Olanda calvinisti, genul

,,interioarelor de biserici", it't care albul imacuiat este telxa
dominanti a imaginii in totalitatea sa. FaPtul ci saturapia d,e

imagini si abscnSa de imagini devin arrbele niqte obiecte a1e
.cprcze'''rt.trii csrc, desig,ur. un lertotttert de ttrarc interes, ce
delviluie nreditagia epocii asllpra proprrilor coutraste qi a

'oroionri,i,lCoar bcjxrrceerscele. de Amatori", peretele alb este inexistent,

gi aceasta nu nunrei pcntru ci el este asculls de un perete cu

iablouri. irraiutc <ie a prinri picturilc Irrobile, cabinetul est.'

tapisat cu piele sau cu qesituri. Intotdear-ina o supralatri

color;rti t..t'.Et" drept lundal tabl..'ulilor. Aceasti suprafa1.1
colorati - aproirpc tue .eu inc.tdrrtir la rir-ichrl siu, gi care
serve$te drept inicrn-rediar intre perete.qi rmagine - face ca
orlce tensruue iutre cele doui si dispari. Ram;,t in-raginii nu
rnai joaci un roi de racord cr-r spegir-rl arhitectural, ci uu rol
dc separare intre tablou gi tablou. Se renunli 1a structttra c.u

rruluri a ramei, care couferea adincit-ne sau relief imagtnii c'le

pc perctc. Rrnrcle sirrrple, Irrei ,rles.lirr abarros, sc cottstituir'

it.,. setnnaie rle linritei dintre elementele peretelui cu tablouri,
o limiti ce scmnifici, de ascmenea, contact si diferenti.
r.maRg1arpllo-rtusledseucpounntciquuritlaotlec-nreesreini qfil,urlcirnttacnatcelr.uIlupecraebgiril-orertecleu

cclc.'mai vechi Tuncliona inci uu aranjauent ierarhic ce-i
conferea n'tartt bistorla (in general biblici) un rol central.
Acest tablou principal, de rnari dimetrsiuni, era plasat in nlij-
dcazupra unui dulap (cdbi,nct,
locul peretelui 1il.^Sz, 58), astfeI rolul ttnui ,,alt,rr". !,sre
scriban...) care iqi asuma
vorba, desigur, de un rol absolut formal, intrucit dulapul

cuprindea de obicei o colccqie de obiecte_ prt'tioesc etclo-
e"ire, .1nr"te in compaltiurettte gi scr-tare (bijuterti, n-icclalii,

cochilii...).

Aceasti mobil:i cste uneori inlocurta de uu Sctliueu s:ttt

dc o uasi; eir va dispirea cotttplct c.itre nrijlocul secolului:
in ,,Cabinetclc" lui Tenicrs (il. 55), er este dejl incxistenti.
Prezerrla mobilei cer-rtralizatoarc (cr-t o nrilre historia dea-
supr.r) lasi sa se prcsllptlni uecesitatea pelltru prir-nele
.ol..tii de rrrti dc r'se coilfor,-t a unur n-rodel vizr-rali'tprr-r-
,-r-rr-r,,-,t de la dorleniul ecicziastic2e. in lurul in-raginii centrale
m. uicqilien.tletrbIlolrr-rtlerodrecrtiicpic,n,tititoedoclcret1t"i,oraricsnirrourlLtrgi g"d.reYi.-r
sunt dispuse
pxrc nc clttcc

iitagi, c,rlc .ee otriattdau ult aranjament dup:i ,,epoci, matcrii,
ll.lOo1C1taJ(r1"1.

Secl,enle iconografice, formate din doua s:ru mai multc
tirblouri, sunt vizi6ilc nueori, dar iconografia nu coustituie
criteriul principal al olindr-rinr. In plr.ts, orclirlea iconogra-
ficn (doui sau n-rai rnulte tablor-rri' inirirl indcpendente, ciar

136

ItL

---uplqIrEpEJals"ztes1uatrllVBroe'll(ria-rrrrnleroSsl-q,trsEast.rruoIpotrtJl)rn-urtLadUtjaaadtllu1gnat-in,ursurnFran.1ril ',,r-rotrury ep alau
rrrp prrnrJ,\ ',riir.rrp

'r--todJ ur tlrJl-rJ-rJ
urran,;\tVua'(d,,r'nyr,nsln'ostoJrt.tJrnncd"sljpnroarrnrqte'ut tri1t
IELLr IJtr Inuerurel rzrlnn
-tubo11ot un no e3p1 E-ap

,,X Inlnsoun:" rtrzr.r) lr.T+rtsJp ap ,,rr-rolsr" raun e1r1 rrr rJnr
rir r-rnr rlrgl;u JLr nu:a-rrol
'n.tepE IJLrn p r-rJr,rtsJp r;ldurrs ritl

-ur ES etsnI e1 orierrprrr !]sprJr rdua:,,rrd ES Jrnqe,n atsa.ri-rd
J.rEl ]t) '1gtEs'uInialqurauxaslluorJuar lsrae;t:,l,rrr,arzoat?-rtdtrJv,r
JtEqE.us prr8oyr:rp
I-rnlln.rls
Jp JolJ]alrrgtJ" r?

r'.to(tut ErtrJl:lpllJJJ Lrr rfrLr'srrJS un--rlru r:lu rzrndJ JS tl pJE+

t',urrntdrer.PrrlsootlllrrJp118rs,,^rlJltorrl?:u[rvJI)Jpt^el.]ll3ou(lroqJrJp":ulr-1tt r'tsrr,'rly'!rrrrJl o

Jlrrllolqtl :ltltru
-rlrr-retep !luJrrodLuoJ o IEJt-uf,rd rra8 n-ltsJtE ll-rntJ1-uts Lrr
elnpo,rtrir rdr:1 lsacy 1'anf-urnrfrousr raardrrEie-rlEtuJ r,,-JrsoItuarlpivrSaapslnaduxraqcr1Ja""r
IlslxJ nu rrlrrrd',ro1

-ado r:lduraluof E Jp el?l ad lrrns cc,,tSor-rl-lf '; nrs ,,r-tc-ltcLlm"
rl1nru rt1,rq 'J,rruletur ap rS a-raundxa ap nrlrds Lrn EZrJur-roJ

(eoatorlqrq 'intrts nc rps) a]ES rlJXJLrr rS lnrarrrqr3

-a d s r ir: s * n zE^rr c. (*Jrlnuns,retrrlr'nrrrcerlisilr\lldi' ;jJ;.1;' ;IJ':f !:,:H:
Iafrqo e p
undsrp JS E ltruop-ro rr,ut .-r-rusrld

nt''-'aallLnrrpluelulaltnElrnoslrrtolrsn'pla-4rrrolntuoln'rf6sur,rrdtursl'idutuz9'LutnaarrrrrtPzradrnEntrtstselsdJlr,)r-aerelolrpo.rallore,rrspzoqJunoalallrrsrcrrSrSnr1ll-prrnrr'iJtlrurdcrrJrrrnrrao,ilTttnppsOxprJ^rJ1tuJrt'u:trr.rlpporrJnro-cLrorltULo-lrqrrznaouar-rcrlraprltrsnru'raanrrntrusd'alruam1rsel.rrrrllrqtsLraprrr1;oca4OlrJd1

';cJILIIEUI I?Lu

qlrporlru asrpugli Js nrr J-rlf r:1 'alnt-to1 -rup 'olrqrsod 'r-rrnp

-uc,ro aleun turrr8eurr r Ia '- rfrpr rJt-rrl rS-nprrrundrlrot -

,,loJZoru" pLrrrJlsJp EO alf;ol nc 'a-tt: {ur,rE ui IO-r un rrrrr lrcnI
nE l-rrr arrp-r8orrorr rr-rJtr,rf o]JtEprrcLuola-r El pul,rnlirse rrirur
-rrJu rJlsJlr u'tc{nsr nrz-ml 'rqrtruln,rdraoplrrrlaa.rruInJtrs'lcornrl.nrJp+i?oz)BlLrI-
rrur
.tt1 ',ro1unro1 -rolriqtrsaoJrr Jr+

ep raiur-rop ary arindns JS BS EfJtolunrd ur .roir-rnt-rrd .-e.rarilrd

-slp pl pLurry? InlrurpreJ 'nus rnlnlncsndo a1u rur8ed alaurud
uI 'ptrqesoap plurtrodrur
o 'epue_urEl+ pJusru€ EJLUnI nl rnl
-ri:otnr Joletf,Etlrotr !trJotep'prpdrt oarlrorrog rnlnpurprll
,,lnaznry" a;er a,rtuud'rrloda ale i,rorros e]eun ap lrnl!,rzap

tf,arrpur atsa arr txotJatur rS txalnol altul leprap tsetv
'IEJJ lxJll.l(rJ :l) rLtlJlq

r-r-Eo?aL,uLr;derrvdrolaJ(1PptrnrratplprldslJranarrrsurrrrqIrJrIEtjje)uE;"Snpou-rrulptpro]rcrr'rtox'grlarrllrele,nryrauaotr1lulqq1rrn'lacsrIp,?erotp^s8rraeuslonrelrlqrr[xnoerirsrdraIrnulou[rrrJurL:q_:Urrro,,or,rr8p?,rljoprrJ]

logul clintre obiecte qi imagini; ea il constrAnge deci la o lec-
turi intertextualS3a.

Unul dintre teoreticienii ,,conversatriei" ca gen literar,

cavalerul de M6r6, compara convorbirea cu prezerltarea suc-

cesivi a unor mici tablouri, care, o dati incheiati conver-
satia, trebuie si forrneze un tot unicl5. lJn altul, Gabriel
Gu6ret, insista asupra pluralitilii planurilor pe care se

desfiqoari o conversaqie li pe care trebuie si fie citiU:

,,Aceeagi conversagie poate fi deopotrivi literari prin citatele

-sale culegere de texte alese pentru calitatea 1or specifici -,

morali sau filozofici prin tema sa - ruinele gi rirnpuf care rrece

-, sociali prin scopul siu - onragir-rl scriitorului citre nn per

sonaj de vazd. -, in sfirqit istorici prin aluziiie fir-rale 1a actuah-

tatea colrtemporan5*36.

Daci este adevirat ci in structura ,,Cabinetelor de Arna-
tori" intri 9i o compolent; cese_prerirde ci apartine teoriei

converastiei, caracterizarea lui Gu6ret ar putea fi invocati

de nenumirate ori chiar in vederea unei mai bune intrelegeri

a acestor ,,cabinete".

Ce tip de receptare necesiti un tablou care se propune ca

o ,,co11versaqie"? Fiecare in-ragine prezenti intr-un ,,Cabinet
de Amator" este o imagine integrali! ce funcgioneazi insi ca

un fragment dintr-o imagir-re care-l inglobeazl,. Aceasta din

urmi nu este simpla sumi a tuturor imaginilor-fragmente.

Decupajul la care este supus tabloul impiedici ochiul si

urmeze un parcurs linear si il obiien si procedeze in blocuri,
la un ,,fragmeut" la altul, c1e la o
si rneargi firi oprire de
imagine la alta. Privirea ricogeazi neincetar pas cu pas,

rleptlt;lld sa se opreasci niciieri. Privitorului ii revine r-oiul
.le ,r degaja, treptat, o tehnici combinatorie, de a stabiL

punti $i corelatii. O dati primul clcblocaj operat, n-rigcarea

nu se rnai opregte. Lectura intertextuali se substituie le cturii

lineare. Tabloui, care rru aparc initial decit ca r-rn mozaic de

alegaqii, se regrupeazi qi ie ret.,r'qanizerzi. Existi, desigur,

nrultiplc posibilit;iti de a sernnala necesitatea unei oprir-i,fa-

talitatea unei regrupiri. Aceste semnale sturt, pentru ochiul

ntodcm, de -abia intcligibilc. Pcntru cel al privitorului orisi-

nar, ele erall - puteln presllpLllle - absolut sulicie rrtc.
Sernnaleic-opriri cele rnai eviclente, perceptibilc inci Ei 56. irr,rngois

ast:izi, se referi la in-raginile care ies, dintr'-un nrori\- s.ru lirnel ll (?),

altul, din linearitate: cea pe c:rre Lln ,,curios" o contcrr-rpli, Scchcstru7 unt:i. :.?{

cea care nu cste inci ag:i1ati pe perete, primir sau ultirna colccpii,

dirrtr-o sec\renli, cca care cste plasati pe acel scriltanlaltar. crtre 1-590,
Intr-un capitol precedcnt, irm incercat sa degajez sem- ulci pe lenrr,
lS x.16,5 cnr,
nificagi,r plezenlei, in tabiourilc cu ,,Cabirlcte cle Amatori",
I Iaga,
\1au ritsl.tiis.

138

6tt

tiprlncr;rp ;oun ulr; ur urrsu8 au 'ecr8olouo,rf ,rol ?iinlo.ta

uI ,,IJolELrrV ap alataurqe3" uru;edurol Es llrtJJafur Ef,rO
,,Iroleury ep alelrulqe)" rrg aJeyn 13 alrouary .E

t--runnIeqaeJ1l tgluu11rgllcieJl ri'aJrS1i;tspJpsntrloaJl€nJrStar'uu'rrt1gllcJEIdJln'agrtrua:aud;drearudrIsrassnn-tnootplqrJrtEesatt"rInrnlrr.fr,adrlt:uu]rlqtE:ulf,
ua esltu al p\e -rto 'rurzErur nJ rJ_rJLUr-r ?LUal EjnJtrrtrrLrl ur
Eae'rsSreaant;rrslr'ruSnlrE;rpunlrrlrino>ooJl-ll;ulqnEreSortClrqarnrtretlnntnrllqloeIun-r1rretaaus1raulear-?ltrrudErulr,c,druap_;'-ararna;lturedicpuuirrrurlrralaqdsde" oquaonpB_errJudtarrjrlrliutnzrnJop.retldstsJ?pe;adJen,rVEps

'JorJalur ap puaJs o'azl?l?g o (EtJEoru B-TnlErr o ,ypuv1ttq8

ut puopvW o :JuJepoul JlunolqEt- rsase8 as ,aurp.rozap

rltEaIErlJrrriudun',rinrrrora1lsnsrsrreJocuEreHl?pqdrrupEgCrlrur'suanasrsrnt"perIrrnpolud:p^ruadu'Ellepson1Zu;caaeEr-oSrdJrpEroJ1:autJ't:ursarpredapd-1;ro?dIEaErpSgrlrunntJquurtdl'aa;roJ,u'trz1udsarveEl"aupaJr?1y]ae[--!'trulur#na-anrdXorlrIiJ,ru\I(lrEsfeuee:"tr:run,:gr,r!lnln;,rulJlano,rrIirrJZrltrer;lun1srdeqI1ep);

-nu-€Sp :BLUaJtxa plunlxatJatur urleia,i ptttr.zatdat a_ruc rnEurs

Inun zetrl pf lcie etnuiI Io^ pW 'alaldruaxa r:rldrrpur 1od
)S'?pup/,Ltcl8 ut auopvTy unra;d arlderxa ap ruiSerur reun E

inportante. Cea mai vcche pictttrii reprezeutind ir-rteriorul

unii coleclii cle arti constituic, clin toate punctele cle vedere,
o exceptie. Ea nr-t este dalorati urlui artist din Auvers, ci
unui fiancez, probabil Fr-anEois Bunel II- (1550-1593;:s' U"
r1u ne rntrodrce in detaliile exputrerii tablout-iior dintr-un
cabinct, ci ne rclateaza dezmen-rbrarea sa (il' 56). Cabinctr-rl
rcprezentat nu este trut-ttai un sCpaareqisuedacflicionleecl,lica,tc9liei rsuil,
juiccind dr-rpi cele doui gevaletc
r.rnui pictor.^Interiorul ir-rclris, curellt in pinzele flamaudc,
este aici deschis inspre strrdi, c;re octtpi prirl-iul plan al
se r-ad numai din spatc,
scenei. Nun-iirul tabiourilor, carc
1:i sinrple obie ctc pe crrle de a fi trausportatc, il
re dusc
depiscgtc pc ,rcelrr al irlreilrilor I c.-trtrt'- temi nrai poete fi
i,riir rccunbscuti. ToJte r.lcste e lcttrt-trtc f;rc dirl acre st trtbloll,
r-rflat astizi ia Haga, utt,,utticuttr"' 1.1 pare.l IlL1 .1\crr uici tr

lcqittrr'.t rtr {enul picttrl'.rl dirr Artrcrs e,tt'c' irt ilee.t t'pot',1 -
ni;rflirri citie 159C -, ttu exist,t incil9. Sau, atn pllteil spulle
cri sigura le gitr.rra decelabila cste de ordltlul negativulr-ri'
Iiol,rrea'-in care sc giscgte accst tablou clin Punct dc
vcclcre tematic tru tre pettuitc si tragcm concluzii definitivc'

Nu putem insi si t ,., t-te intrcLlSltt trsupr,r sen-ulificaliei sale
in rlptrr-t cr.r ,,Cabinetcie de Autatori", pe care 1e anticipeirzi
irrrr'-o rrranicr.i riiL de .lce oticertrtrit,i.
Se Etie ci FranEcris Bunel era protestant 5i ci a fost, in-
cepand din 1582, pictorttl cle curic al lut Henric cle Navara
(niri tirz.iu Henrii- el IV-lea). Ap:rrtenenla religio-asi 1 pic-
iorului pare si. detcrtrine conlinutul tablouh-ri: ac|ninistra-
tolii c,rie sunt i11 curs cle a desfirng:r colecli;r-atelicr 5i dc a
confiscir burrurile pictorului poarti 1a pilarie .crr-rcca c-lc:

Lorcna, scrnu al piritrzanilor (catolici) ai ducclr-ri dc Guisc+O.

Liste vorba, aqacla., c-le o sccni reprezentind lep.'rcr-lsir-rnil.-
rizbo:rielor
relisioase :lsupra vielii artistic.- .l.j lr sf.irtitul
sccolului a1 XVi-lea. Sechestrul parc a fi consccinl:r unei
dcl;rtitini: in primul plrrt le stirrgi, r'tn tinir (sar-r un.copil)
vazJt dir-r spite le ariti drttrlul i-.rtoljcilor c:1re nivilcsc in
ateliclul-cafrit .t. Pictorul qi sotria sa asisti, neputincioSi, lrr
de sfiint,rrc. Care si tie nrotivcle seche strttlui ar cirui tlrartori
,unr.,,-t? it'rt.cbarcrr 1111 pu.ltc tl.-cit si ranlini in si-rspetlsic'
Trinriterca operclor dc .trt.i in depozite uitate, clistrLlgcrea
lor san, cel pu1rn, atitntlirrerr .rsri[.r f;rti dc inr,rgini ,r fost, cle.-a
lunuul intrcgulr-ri sccoi al XVI-1e:r, r-rtra dir-rtre acLrze!iile

'plr ri,--i p al e .rd].rs e dc c atolici irlrpotri vir protest:ur!i lor..

Ope ra lui Bunel pare sI ristoarue tel-nlenii: cil cleulon-
,r.."ji cii 9i catolicii,'lr lindtri lor, dispreguiesc 5i cleteriorea-

zi nrtinc:r artistulr-ri. Ei r-ru clistr-ug cle-oralia unci bise rici, ci
clezr-nenrbrcazi uu ateiier-colcclie' Conginutr-ll rrcestuiir se

rcrnarci prin abscnqa opere lor cu subicct religios. Pe

1,10

tvr

' tr(fg-19'Bg' lg'Og''ll),,tlselcouoct r'rtEp14 nl IroluLLIV
aP JtJurqEJ" aP elarunu qns ?Jnl?ielli uI alELILLIesaP lllns Is

arrnruof, r.n-ileS!-r1 PUEAE 3r-res o--Ilur alnlllsuof, as a1E '.rrn1ntra8
eF elrgeqoJd alnqeunorrr atsnr JIa rrlp JoEJ af, Ef,IETIJB aracad

o et-rrrd E tssur J-rlErdln'LurJaSllenLur J'arTralIdIILuLTt?aJxIatuIJelrialVtts rrrp punra,ro-rd
ue>lcrrr-TJ
'atetrparr rS 'II

s^upr,I rnl rrrs '(7191) oprrd tl eP tnlilzl)A tauo3a17 lntot
-ne 'rrr-ngg 1rarlrr.lraoqt8slan'I-srgrlrrsrJrfprnp1f,LJrroul L,u,EJJIq.ror-]tudJ.otrrar"lnrltntqsru-rotrl e ur
ltrzJ !t-rE ep
esIZ

-nudo;d,,r;oteruv ap .rolJtaurqu3" etSolorio-tc tS alrrtr8u6

'009 I rnrr rrrp rredacrrr sJJ^rrV EI g,\,rJsqo as ra runr eSe
'rnr8prur Jp -rolrJnlqurrslre E ,,nolqet nr rrlaundsue;t" IE - tlml
-;odrur urlnd ruur nu ,r?p - ln?ruJIgo-rd ap ura-nxa 3o1o,rd un
r:8ug r,1 ap lnolqri rttp rul ririelsaro-id rs lrrlorec errur r.rplrrnr]
-rroJ rraeuanluInsrSLrJrsr rrr -roirrrrErrur prnI rrrp rnln]lrl;rrof Irr?uinl
'-tetrra,rlrr ap ltsrl lldrurs o--rtrrr Eur,ro;srrerl
-Jp r
JS r Jp aler ad r-rutarrrid rraz ap arrn;a.ut8 rr-rorErrrqLuor nr

-rpJo reun peepJ 'rauJf s r u8uets EJltlruralrxa e1 dlers un gEuel

rzua;n8r; al I1-rlJ,mt.rod ap trrurotur arse JprlrJALrr IsJJE rEnrfol
'-rrtlrellrr Jp roletJarqo E rtf,E,nsqe rprurg,r8 ep ptrnloluJ atse

,,rnlnteLrrqu)'.( tr rsnjtsiP EaurPJo 'rrno]grl aP rorllEt Lrn--nrrr

aricayoc-1n-rJilatr B{-Lr-ro+sutit Lrrptsrsr aJpr el ;rf ap euarg
'ro(ozzelu'?oL'Irnrnellsma Ifatruyntguqsror5uaeza;qlSrunal
a-red as xp Inolqul pO

rrJe3npeJl

n]nseftrns e atrod rridacxa nr) trrr:tsato-rd cnsu;u Inrperu

ur (ee ap otr:8c1 ale,inlcrd rJr.roet e rS) rauotrarlr rel-rp €e-rap

-rrn-rrrd Ersarp srr:od es r-rrr asrns ,,F r,f;.i:iJ[:,X,ii*r..

rrn rsnror gzerlods ra '- rnlnolqrr ip yrqisod iJr5..r Lt-r ,i,
rtsJJr - Ef,r,rasrq o 8n-rrsrp -nroulrrurarlruloeotrfpresJarqllA'rlnu1nu-urodrrrrdsnl,nr"tsrarrpy
asrnC ap rnlJlnp
-Jt? Lrr
I,i E ap aluc ad JtsJ Jrrrp-ro ptsEaJE rELLrf,oI',,.ro1r.rnro1" t rS
,,-rolrurBeurr" r rr-rolrrrrqluoJ rrurp-ro rr: rS --rrlsrl-ru rnlnrlB^r-rl rr

rrro-rtrcl ',,rJt-ry lr r-rotlrlr,rJ:\ng erdr$" iolel E gtnur rirrazald

nr Jruj p-rp Irq€qo-rd rua.ry 'rnln,rotrrd rnlndrr Inlr,\rrr
e1 prafrra ad e-rroSe.lsap as e,rvf, er.rJs o pz?elLrJo+ Jlrnrrrs
'-rnf,retr { '-ratrdnl '(rs trlra8es nl rrun-1 uiraz) errerg '(u;nur-rr:
rrr) ar,rr:11 'snrrJrl 'n.rntr5 '(rn1a-rro5 p-raz) o11odV :olliurc3
yo1lldnulga11n,,Inluvu"traau.tno8u"aaw;r/lilrnsearaalel iS ozzrurol nI IL" ntvttrtJ

'r-retarreld raz aldsap Eq,ro,\
JtsE 'slres rrn '-rnBrsap 'a-rr: rarllalor lnrirds Lrr rol tluaza-i4
'rfrtLru iez prmtuazaJda,r atantsts aldrs gJLrr plJE rELU JS 'e8rrels

tr1 'p-ra(era a4 'rrr:1d lnrur-rd rrr 'uapod ad tez frru lrlrrro+ Jp
ata-luod ap gpeurg-r8 o ac c{urrt rrr 're-rur-rod ep Jtel?clrlr? runs
- arr8ololrru atlJrgns nJ - rrnolqrt atlv 'ta-u-rod un 'or-roB
-ap o 'rutc)Llr t,nltru o !rur uu-rulu reur r8urls ur;l alara"rad

Aceste tablouri ne cleschrd spaiiul relativ restrins al urrei 52. Itrerts

coieclii dc arti, in centrul cireii dot-nneqte tnarele tablou cu Fraucl<cn lI,

C.nbintt clc
subiect religios cle asupr.r r.rrtr-ri ,,scrrD an"'. o Fecioard cu Antrtor cu ,N[,ig't
iconotlaltt,
Pruncul lisis, Sfintr.tl ionn si Sfinta.E/isabera, de pilda (ca
irr tabloul de 1a-Ba,vreuth, il. 57), tt Incbirtare a Magilor (ca c.'rtrc 16ll 1615,

lc r.r-r n,

accea din colcclia Ackcman; Christie's 1977, t|.58), sau o 5.1 r 63 cnr,
Ll:1VrcU th,
Fecioari tn ghirlancll (tablou cle la Mus6c cles Beaux-Arts Bayc rise hc

clin Anvers, i1. 50) etc. Srartr{"rttil.lc

Caracterul de stereotip a1 ,rranjirnrentului cste frapaut. r:rrrLrtlun1er.
Sirrilitudinea lrtzeazi ritrcori idcrrtitatett' D:rci se cot'npari
doui din tablourile dcja menlionate (il. 57-58), se rerralci
faotul ci doel subiectul tabloului ccntral s-a schimbat. Lr
'jsuaruulaFl eincicobarieniirciui Pruncu/
,'e'st, ,,C;rbinetttl" cste acclaqi. ir-i Magilor
Iisu's"Si Sfhntul loan (Bavreuth)

(Chriitiels L977) svnt expllse pcisaje de ia sfirsitul secolului

al XVI-lca, o tnarini, c{or,rti capetc cle expresie in maniera 1ui
Pie te r Brue gel ccl Bitrin, utt tondo clr r-111 or:l$ in flicaria+. hr

tablotrl dirr Casa Rubcns dc la Auvcr s, L'acioara in ghirlond,i

este inconjurirti cle peisaje si cle Orayttl in J-l,iciri, cle accasti
dati intr-o rarni ova1i.
Ampiasarea tabloului religios, in centrul colecliei, con-

feri Cibinetului un caracter vag eclcziastic. Dimensiunilc
acestui tablou ne obligi, de asemenea, si tle intrebirn asllpra

142

etl

lndn-r8 e1 pcrlda.r o tuJpr^a pour ur arntrlsuof rq 'JOIrlEJe louo '(.t9 tLr'Ll6I

rjnazald '-rn8rsap 'alsa trret-raf,uof,ep rcLU Iatr Intuelualq 'arlnr g '?Jpuo'l -.!&
iatr-relrp alduraxa alJZ oaJA rsorm3 as e,ref, urp s.Jnsrirl-) l
'Eue'IrJsnuorlqrrtat urSndrnrte8tas;l'urlr;erJctsaa8nlr-nInssjpuapseapJEs.omrjj t
a:.-od a-re3 gl?.\ud rrirJIo')
ur 'af;aurorr 'l
'rul tl x E'zc
n: 'uLUrl '?31 I
riruurnr 'c1;r8rru ap drt nc ,,rur8purr ap rnlnloJJs rIIJAruXra_Irfl
r,rorr8"rrds" ap dn-r8
Lrn pLTE1EJE ppec-rr o aprrllsap as uldra;p uetutrlrra,nxa e-I .Jol ttuutT'tiu1-touo.l

ttu8uly nt nwu{\.-

-,r.tr,rd a,rtrc 'rnrr8ruu InJor;etxa Jrtrl JtSJAr,rd ealrarr Ip un Jf, )P nutq?')
'(;) y11 rray:ur,r-1
druu tr1 'np,s rnln-totriosrrr alrrretuaurol purtlnlsr nolqEt lrLU snLU^UOiarH gc
rrn r; ralnd JE Jl Eaal pldualuoo lnun :rietrrrursa,trir trSoq
ritq-rrq IaJt nEls'rBuels EJlulrlueJlxa ea'uteuluLllnpuuA
alqle^ ep crr8al qJru rrldaf,uol
'11J1r1roc ap epurue,r8 o rS la;uod orJrrrrrrnrrrnr-r(r,n,rifaiirq,rur,)rsd"nsadIB'eualupoas,t
atuod as '(SS 'it) uuturra{rv rarlcaloc E.\puEO tnuii-rrdr
E rrer lar ur tS (ZE 'y) qlna,rdrg EI ap ,,lntrurqe)'.( uI
'eure,r (prdr:5rSr

rSi nes) rnp;ard e-rS lnun a,rEJ aJlurp 'asnpa.r runrsrrorurp
?enporprnJotllqVe'l!p'ruaulln.trrqqnBsaupt epp.4pEIoJtE)Jaj sor:ralqtrrnqr;td)r.rrqonpsri:n:1rorrrnpoJrl.qrrenll
nrluad - lnzet LLIE Luno eSe - ecrdrl arlea'tc o alsa ,eseoiS
-r1a.r rsap 'p1"ir.rac uaui8Burr (OE^'ti) sraluV ,1 ,p 1,'rolqrt .r,

iELUnN iErEorurpo raqopodurr Ir "rrtlE reJpf, IR prrrya( Etrr-rasrg

-oanr^rsu'r,p,tapurrrruqae,ltoa-rpd"r,pr-ardnolrrod-olraq-rrqeoo-radrJrpesllr:atllnESruraalu;radlrraac.r.eoa-radl

o,,amatorilor", care nupar si se preocupe de ei. Iconoclagtii 59. Anonin-r
arnenintrare abstracti:
sunt mai degrabi ei nLt sunt Flar.r.rar.rd,

.\ccna d c
intr-adevir acolo, dar ar putea venr. Potenpialitatea pert' iconoclasnt
colului iconoclast este vizuti ca o contrapondere a actu- sfirsituI secolului
aLitdlii cabinetului. Acesta este un ioc de studiu 9i de
ai XVI-lea, lemn,
140 x 109 cm,

discuqie, un spaqu inchis. (conclav) ce organizeazi imagintle Douai, Mus6e dc
gi cunoagterea, un interior saturat de arti. Arcada se de- 1a Chartreuse.

schide asupra cxteriorulul, asupra h-rmii haotice ur-rde

donrneste pericolul distrugeri i.

Scenele de iconocla sm direct reprezentate in picturi sunt

extrem de rare. Nu cunosc decit un singur astfel de exerll-
plu: tabloul anonim aflat la Mus6e de la Chartreuse, la

bouai (il.59), in care se poate vedea o inchinare a Magilor

atacata de trei persouaje4b.,,Turcul",,,calicul" qi,,pastorul"

calvinist formeazl o triadi sirlbolici (necredinli/rgno-
rangilReformi). Suliga indreptati spre gAtul Fecioarei ne

arate cE a distruge o irnagine echivaleazi cu un asasinat. O

punere in balangi a distrugerii/venerarii este totugi prezenti

aici, chiar daci ea arnesteci nivelurilc imaqinarului: triadei I
t{
,,spirgitoriior de imagini" ii corespunde, in tabloul atacat,
prosternarea celor trei Regi Magi dinaintea Fecioarei si a
Pruncului. Acest amestec este favorizat de identitatea de

scari dintre persolajele din tablou 9i cele din afara tabloului.
In ,,Cabinetele de Amatori", onocefalii nu sunt vizutri
doar ca o amenintare pentru arta religioasi, ci 9i pentru artl
cunoagtere in g-aerneerparl.ouDienseigpurro',bcaabbilindeitnutir-porebzisinetriicaad,esdeaar 60. Anonrm,
qi
piesa cerrtrala ,,Ignoran;a",
o ilustra!ie pcntru

operele profane domini. De altfel, ,,migarii iconocla$ti" nu ITicroglt,phica de
Vaieriano
ataci numai tablouri, ci gi globuri terestre, cirli sau statui Bolzani, Lyor-r

,,in stil antic". Costunrul lor este insi acela al bandelor de 1642.

,,spirgitori" ce bintuiau prin Flandra in 1566. Capul de

migar carc i se adaugi decurge dintr-o lunga tradilie. Irrci
de la inceputul Refolrnei, el a jucat utr rol important in
poiemica dintre catolici qi protestanqi. Pentru iute rani,

m;garul este Papa, pentru catolici, Lutl-rer. Boneta de bufon

9i urechiie de migai sunt interschimbabile. Iconoclagtii sunt
niqte bufoni 9i niqte migari totodati. Onocefalia este con-
siderati, in culegerile de simboiuri (il. 60), o hieroglifi a ig-
noranlei4z. Care-l van Mander qtia ceva aturci cand ii califi-

ca pe iconoclaqti drept ,,mugitori", ,,furiogi", ,,stupizi",
,,nebuli",,,slnintigi",,,dugmani ai artei",,,silbatici",,,orbi"
etc.48 Iar Cornelis de Bie, care gi-a publicat al sIu Cabinet

de aur la Anvers in 1561,9i-a plasat cartea (care este, de alt-
fel, un ,,cabinet scris") sub deviza ,,Ars nullum habet ini-
micum nisi ignorantem" 49.
O atitudfne polemici pare deci sa veghcze la aparitria
tablourilor cu ,,Cabinete de Anratori": ele pun in scetri utt

r44

!ll

ll lll;,.,i1 11 r. lr

tLl \ Lii ltr,rrilr rLtt 'L',r1-]l \i],
fill\\'rir rrltr:l
"\ ;lir riip ilLrt:ri,rrirr Lrnli,rlr-l
lI, urliit{).rJs L
ull Illtl rot 1:,1t1:ztttt'i
I ! i' .-,.1 L !l .,l..1.r1,. :
:
!f l"l"ili'
I'lLl \rLtIFt'llt I'Ltt,t l
lLr ',r I 1i'r I

arn)u)u: rir. u r:Ju:p rnqruorrr:gru3y mrln rmrg

f n r?lur\rruof r,nbr1: r rg'r:yr lr:oq.1,rrugur'rnh:yefo<i15o{
u:dl lrH UJ rrp'J:rilJr r:uor:nyruEy unr:rlduly pr rngq
i u r u n:onb 'lu nln r:rJ n', r rurr!.t lruollt
- 1r ur'snquourtu u r'srruut3 ur zntr.runl ur: 'p :nb.;a rtrrq pi
rrlnur u oroorarua
rr r

trnSrrllg-:rg:n; r; :rJ r,1r rnbrE ?rrt Funsr pnllr F^ laq
rnord'r, ruig u, soqr r,dr:r urn rotn:q rrod:o: maa,mq rood {33r

rtvruio r ) r so) ri oS ) oru r rr i Jqp o rr a;[roJ J or; on| un :qdl1N

U

o r:r q rr rr uC u r )J.LJ u r.m uor :urgrcaroB g mou:.uay

oJ,!c ou:u:nq tndr; unuruyr rrd . rrr:;:u :nbonb pr I rg ooc
t xj s rob :;dr ' rtrd::;r; rrnr rr:rrrprrd";oq ooo tn
r E t!? .rl nr, ^'J! rn: rer lu .15 sn: ru3t gur
rJr q tuxr o p:; crrrd.,; n
uou' lr-to I IO.

t:r:r ' :urr:,l1ur s:q;a :a.1ruuf :ud unursoq rJrou qnuolt )P r,--.i
**-Ju.r-IluJJUncfr'ti:Lruarrru)l1r(!rur)rorroquSru-.pn'u:sunudJarr:uurrrur trlq;r1rA,rFl::tcouFplrJ-urlJ:):npcr.tul6^p, gnrn,rbbg'tpunr,ruurz:r.g;yaggdr Jmffb
'4-itt n_nLl.

'l

'JS

rP r1:
'ul

'u Ltr.rl

rnlnlf

Dar cirre errr privitorul ideal ciruia i se aciresa r,rn tablor-r

cu un ,,C;rbinct de Amirtor"i F,ste fo:rrte prr,b.rbrl c,1 .rccsrr-
t,rblouli r..' .rdrc's,ru pLr blicLrlrri e rrltir'.rt tlirr Arrvcls. lt'q.rt tlc

,,C.rrrtcr'.'lc tle Re rtrrir'i" dc .rre , se )ti(, t-ricrolii in5i5i iFr,rns
Fr'.tn.'k.'rt lJ s.trr Jrrrr BrLrcghel)('l',rLl h).lrt('irpr'()piati):. Mie i
.lct,rlii, pl'('r'unr prezenta .lfl'().lpc oblig:rrolic .r st,rtuctci
iOra I t ttrt I tr irr,,Crbirrert"' r'irr in splijirrLrl rlrt'str'i tczr.

llste instructir. si relnarc;ir-n iri ilcc;rsti pr-ir.inti ci cel mai
citit nrrntr.rl clin epoc:i refcritor ll r.ncrnoria artilicralrr
Cazoplt;,laci ttnt At'tis Mctnoriac cle Lanrbe rt Schencke -

I

(Sehcrr.kelirrs) ..lirr l6ll - propurrL'.I t,.li,ilcetic.i irrtre r'rrrr-
struire ,r qi distrugercr iruaginilt'r', stlir.rs le gati clc trblor-rrilc
carc nc irrtcrcscaii. Cicero dejrr, intr-un pesej drn I)c Or't-
lorc,:rfirnrir ci ,,.1rt;1 uitirii" ilveil o irnporiirng:i cg:1li cLl ,,irrti'l
nremoriei"5l. SchenckeI continr-r:i prob.rbil :rccxsti iclec cr-

ce ronirlni ;rtLlnci cincl f,tce sir-i corespr.rndi lur ars rncntot'iac

o ars oblit,iolurs. Pentru a constrnr un discr-rrs ordon;rt, cl lc

rccot.uatrdi re roricie nilor si-sr imrrginezc rr inc.rl-re re (r l-
bitrtlrrtn 1 trrttlc ror irrst.rla rrrt:r du1'ri.tlt.r irrr.rqirrilti rrrcnt,tlc

core spLlllzincl ficcrrre rrnei iclci .r discr.usului. Orclinca rcco-

mandati dc Scircnclicl merse clc la stinga la drc,rpta pi dc jos

irr srrs (Palrcs a sinistris pritttrrs cst... 1n printo parictis d)t,:u-
lo jrtx.ta.Lct't'(tln lorrrs capittt.lu'tn pf ittttts... ctr'.). Cci p.rtlrr
pereti ;ri inc;iprerii pot primi serii supr.rpr.rse tle im.tsini.

Legiturrr clintre ir-nagine si loc cste esentiill.i pr'ntru nlenro-

rizrrrca discursr-rlui (Locus cst, itTtttginl,ttn scdcs tcu l'c('cpt,1-

ctrltnn,ltoc t'st . ):p(ttittm itt qtro inta,qtt potcst collocarr...). i-stt'

suficient si se r'r-oce in n'rcnroric aspectul incipcrii cu ir.r-i,r-

gini, cu succesiunea gi dispr.urercr ltrr, pelrtru a ;1\'e11 schcr.n,r

rrcntalir ir cliscursuhri d.' 1ie r-rr. lm.rqinile plasatc in colgr.rrile

accstui cubiculurn r1u r) flurcqie .rp.u'ie : elc re .rlizcazi trcccrc:r
dc lrr r,rn cepitol al discursului la rltul. Sc pot utiliza, clc

rlscl-nene:1, niobilele din inciperc sLrre 11 irgez.r pc cle ir-nrrgir-ri

de o import:-ur1ri de osebit,i.:.
Gisirn, ,rqacl,rr, iu ,,rrrta lnenrorici" a lui Scherrckel nigtc
principii extrcl)r cle aseminiitorrrc ce lor ca-,-e r-cghc;ru l.r for'-
mirrea unr-ri ,,cabinct de anratr)r". Conl:ilnrrrre .r f.r1.111ls1i ..

inscsi clbinctcle Lrrmiru pc xtLlnci nigte plincipii rnncmote hnicc

nc vir-rc cic la m,ri nrulti ilutori. Charles Perr:ri-rlt, cle cxen.rph-i,

clcscric in poemul siru irrtitulat La Pcinturc (1663) o ,,slr-

perbi srrii" irl care se vicl:

,,...nelif jcr-ures Lre,rut6s, qtri totrtes singulibrcs,
Sons se s ordres sr-rivoient ner,rf divcrses lranibres,
Et qr-ri s'est;1r.rt fon.r.r6 de dif{erents objets,

Ar.oient represer-rt6 neuf sortes de sujets."53':

': ,,...nou.i tincrc fmrnuseli, carc fo,rrtc.lcoseLritc, r'Srrb orrlirrr'1e srle rrrn.irlr
noui nrarricrr dir erse , ,' $i c,rrc iLrrr.t.iindu-sc clirr .]ile rite oLlicctc, ,'Rrprezcrrrr-rt r'.r
noui fclrrri dc subiccte/"'(N. tr.).

14(>

ttI

'ri-ryc atsirr atrdrsr,r luz cpun rS'n.rls:l,ral qoy8 rrn trzesl;rlr^e
a-rrrl ad'rrs^lru rtlr o uBrrrl atr:cln-r8']llIs r ptdr:a.rp rr)lutrruJ-rl
-xJ tl !lIrr as lsES JlJtiV '!-nsta,IJJ rErrrl 'arrruorro-ltsr c-IJ,+s
rartu lu-tu( rII rrtntsrp a]J Jrtulp rtul] 'asJlu r'JlttoJrp-rtrrrls1nr-,r\urtIeu:t)

alrrdn,r8 'r-rJluEJ rrr !1,+E es aftrrros-rac] as-rolrq
rsrst:F rs flosuof () Jd r-nrllrc{ nr trqopodurr rtsa punl rrrp

JIJ.lJ.rJd a-rtsJ-ra+ ur-lop Jp !trrurtrnl e;rdrrlrr e.rrrui () JpJ,\ JS

r'7r1.d'upop1tord-rdJprr'n(Clrtqr'qI\o)-r1c:1u1J1l1saJur.t-r!Lfr:'l(pIllp'1a|r,;,rrolpur.rrndraE;IcJl l)'.rI-nrrolrluqnrrsl

riatrurqr:r Jp rrLUlLr ur-rcl lrro-rr:dr aFrrilsrp JS lrlr e-rLrr -rolrrlLrE

cP larrrqrrt u11 uzltJsariPJLtr JIE'pirrr.tr"rd qlsrJf,rr rrr Jtrrrlst-r)lrrr

rr!SLrpr uaplJrtrrretrlJBtuI)ulrrln;rroplntuunns'r',erns(ot9lqE'l!l '1r) .r.rourrrlr$ rl trlrlJ.
!no(J 'BZrJnl(),\J ,,r-rol
-rrrrrV Jl) JIJtJrrrqrrl" rrr trtrrrz;r,idr,r lsf lrouorr Inr,rru;rq
'-\rtr8eLr 1od rrrrrn 1n1o,r
t:tttol t,,-ltlr.r3111" 11pg ),-r()I-IJltrr((
1r.rr;'lnursl[]orrolr lrrJ,r!f
In.rPrl rrr'ult:zrlELLrrr-rp Jp lrra.rlxJ arirrrr;ap o'ftr-rolo,r rrr rS.ltl
'r.rrtlcrd Lrr ll:]tr 'atslurr-td .rolturHuurr r Llrclsrs ur ra,rltrnclsLrt:-rl
:,,.ro1rirrrngrrr" r rrJeor tplap nrs J,\rttJ-+J,,rriplr-ror-ralrrl"
tur.rlqo-rc{ trtrJL) turrt-roc{tur rrrrrr a,rrrcJ .tl tdrl rrn !ts^rxJ ,rrrp

'alrraurnS,rr ap 1r:30 -rtnmrr ln-l 111 JZal alJqrurr .rurisns^ ?Jl11d
JE-S a,,.rolJtJrrrqr)'.( I? [r]112r,\ Inlaporu rrrp qrrdsrrr
tsal JlsJ '1ar1rul11r5 ml rlurr,nr.\ JS J,rr:)
rrr 'alurrr-1r-rr rJr.roLrrallr
lt-rr lJ

atrrcrd nrrs accolaz/ qo/L)t.toLuaul rrfrtf,Jllrrp JIr ,,r-rr-rlsnlr" atsrrr
e,rf o tlrns r-r1-l()lqrl rtsJ.rV -rroSSr-,L,rrt-Sr-ur.rlnf,iouulrorarlsuJrlnirLl{,XI.r}nlrllrJrrl,rrSol

n1I t su.totatl(.lo s.rp laru

-f;urV Jl) .rlatJrrrc-Ir3" J-rtrrr tlrJtsrxJ lnt,Todrr.r rurLLr,rJ.tJp'r.V('rl:r

"' oPLtJJ]tPLtt UtJ.tOlO) stl/1)tqilJ LUttt ot.t t.u)PuL1t .tot-tt11)
rrrrNr,urr rs' r-ro1nr roLr nt ua,rJdr:rrrr rqopoc{Lur plrod rt^r (1n.rot
a-t.trtttrtIgarrepttr:l.),s,,t,,lLlrr,t.rio'tarrtcvltt"c'ehutaur-trrdiu-praDc{po lt!tttsttrlsJl'r"'al.drtntlCtuul'(.L".L' ts r u t-f
rt t
pf t/)tL]

-u) ut" ') sol .rrl Ji-lri)uf;rrn-l,rt r( alrurirurr prrtrSu,rtsrir 'rrrrr:ur
rrr JlJrrr-rLr nr ra-rrdu:rrr purprr,\rn Qsouu-f t) tltt)luq.utl)
tSor-rn1 rs^ rilcl-rnt rLlJLrmo riprrtr rrur ntrs Inrrrl ururrrFtrlur Jrr t's
;a,rBOltllr-m tJr,rlrrzrA rrr,rd arrnrltr-rado elsra--B rzrJ-nsnIr lJ rs
'rn13uun JITLITJ,\ ep l1-tutl/11)tqH) e'1)-rr1dr as gs '1a aprrnc'lst-r
'atnc1ar1 illt-tt-r11113 !c]Ee,IluI as 's-rnlstp llB Inult xJ,iltulsuor
arSr-rop Js^ purr rS rrrr8uurr ap grrrld atsa ra-radgrrrr purrr rfrrntE
tnll; Jp J Jl ,rrr(I'J-mzr-roLrraLrr Jp.rol Jlr-ml-io+J ur rirrr:,r.trs ad

arn(rr r-gs trnqJ-rl r,+ -rrr IJIlrrJrlrS ]nl 1r ;urrrlirrur intarrrqtJ

',, rn1u1dutal" tr t,tt:tiJlclas

EJrLrLIJtouralrLLr nl pLmlsrr-rluof '5 ra-r;rc rf,rr tti)-rorp lnloJ

ur !tsuor !iuJ,ra,+rp rr-rnFrrrg 'ozzELUo-I rlrl IE ,,rr-Intrr.1 rnplcl
-Lrrrl'.( a.rllsrrLr ls^np!p J,rrrl inlel 1nclrl ap r-lr,rotrrurqttro] s-r.)rtr
-ap rnulr Ilrpol E-ro ,,!1es r:q"rac{ns" r:) ptsatc h:t^td tsary

h.ilqi eeogralicc, ctrchilii' iu-ccntru, cloi gerltilorlli corltempli (, l. .'\c1rt,t,:tt r'.rtl
Strlbentpt (l),
( tltint:t dt:
r;i'Ii;ep-^ui.i;n,.'.i'r,;,''ile,d;.d",tli.at',.l..ui,^jr1l",,ir-tt.fel1,;r.,,,rrtf,,ercii'.dil,iinaii'r.lr'.piile.t.tiirrerr.ir.Prrstrx.ptirieiidipt''zr.,;r-itiooirrr.oocriaz"i'rAsrccilr.r,;tc.t"u1nilrtcoimr.lp,tiilllcbule(aadi1ii.pllli1.s.i,S.,ur1'Ai,6,1nrlniccrlclr.us.1)r'rlasi1.li'rrh1rt-tr.l1ar'-c'ls:.r1lrfirttnflt.elerr't1bcte(rrl1taei$tll.rt'abatorte.Ptis4rtcnt:t9p1'(crtiiiir)terlr,'.1r_n'Fllr6aac1tt'1c2cactt.c)lirltsl,'eclfnAta:ci,in,lallrPc:lrgrrlcq1earrpP-'et;it.loC'i'el1ea-rurst'zll,aioc'q'i1esdlidi!ljinl'"'-cii-s,iu'l1i'e-l t\nt!ctr t.,\lcpot t,
/'r.l,rl t, 1.rirtrr
t rrinr.- .r scct,lrtlLt
.rl XVII le .1, lcnr,
93 r 1l'i crr,

NIiitlricl, l)rado.

i,-,r-,,r',,F'.,1...,"..,,n.st.isIa"e.c'.s.irffriiucriirntri.trtit-l.itnci sirttruluo^us'ctlucctleleirz-rrrltlurlcczuticababrlrlcort'ui riillcreaprrtclllzciantter'l pe
pe

iiiir':",,1rili.;i,tir""Sr-,;-fri,nL; tr,ii.nirrl'ni il.Ircircr,hro"ilri;i.r..lrcs,girr'edrc.e1.r-srptlr.rrtcrl'o.lirri-.,rl..iigrPr.ntttr'eurt'cto-itrri'ceridcrere.l,rri"stltrouiccrilictct'1rt-re
,i"ai", l,i.irri",,crrbi'ctcle clc arrrrt.,ri". Toctr-rai ilccst rui-
CrocOSlttOS s;1\:;tltt cste ,,ristr-rr'irt" iu cr-lrSUl ritualUlui icO-

n.,"oib.c-11S,:r"gcs,"ftiii5i(,,stetr.s.itlferZ,-i)n,.sgseei ctoipi.rii,ntiaztrccCtbraz:irbrcic.:c.ttoFu;ultrrn-ccriloiai'_drs,rrit'risnc:brttlorcbli;lcturialacstctiulrrui?cltNstltirtl-ilr
i.ri*i, .t....i.,,- ,ti,t,i. c.tre sr-t-1 icgc. dc ccicl;rltc t:rb1.r'rri
;;;;";.',;"i;, u,il..i.l Pertru e rirspu'clc 11 accrrsti itrtrebrrre,
inraeir.ril.r ctrre sr-t.t
!i fririn.' ,r'..,i ind."proirpe ilrs;1'bl'l

c"xD'Dtlslc;;;;1ricci. a trblourilor clin accstL' c'rbinctc (i1'.61' 63) 61. AtLrirtrt vart
ipttr.n."Lil.t,..D"...tol.tlu'n'tia"trct'r"sic.ti'e,pL.oittr.ttrbceurt.ccithcfcl'aitt.ttcleh.1e.f'lcoa.rrzrii'ricus)'ti1rrll-ir.ibltlLl'rlir1'.irur*llli(tl)tor.lvprat'ri;lit;l].1rc'trrrrsgrc'ircrltttri;r-i \trLlrertrl'L (r),
tlttaltu rlirr 1 i'-Ltr'i

()1.

itriili'*i!r 1ilin,,n si Atlcrttt) sc irrrccirrLirT'1 t'LL'' fii;1"r'ia
liri lra.rc)... Sirr,]rr.r.sc'ie birrc sitttctttt',tl'i
tloLrisprtzei-t' Ittr'tlrtlio'lrl(' ct1 httsttlrilc
it[;[1;.f isacrtlitittl

;.;;,.r.r...t . ..i,,,
i,,-,fii"i;t.,. r.',-rri. Pe rcc.lroiinirctscIinirl-sisiirc5-rriinbci,tlrel'r,aslrir,1eos.cLhcr:ifnrierebicx, tr'rrieElulltilci.tIrlsltctcrrril--

rLlcte sLllr allcsrec:1tc cLl

c.tle ,1o,.,.ri,t.i ir.rsi prin
,t,l"aru..t u,.r.ctclrri, s(,/atr(.sL irrsl.rttttcttt.'Irrtrzieel.',ru,.lt:llc
iit;;i ; ..,1. d.,tri.li t.rbl,-'t' ri' i rr i..''rr r''rl pcr..'t..'l rri''lc'r'tt1'r't
trr:rLlrtte+,[ltijs;..O,..t.,,l.i;,.nnii.r,br,.Cl"ri-;bst.o,liltlris.Aoc-..lr,,rn1rDtsr.'ir.c,il'-ert.(st,P)l1tttos,t,i.,aCti(l,p'te1etr.i,,1i,..tc,t"Ctprai'.cl,d.r;,tib.sit.ii..''ieslauttttpOecdpiL1t.itlrc'nlltl't',czl.d''tbilileleicc.As'tlt.trrt'rcttirsr.t'ulaCsrllilbnt:trtil.gcl.Ir'rrecti-'"tttl(rtc'i''lreltc.lttit^l.ntcclf'bz:zglol;oiils(7trt)st.itc1trcll'lttlc(1"t(.i'tL'1L1'lli
t'ibt.,',o1l-igrq.l,;iiir.r,itr,rir-iir,.,isr'.ite".i5fril'.riciuuu,t,.;,'r,ipit"i.:,z9ii,itr'il.G'ci ci;r';rrtr'ttr;rurtsc'5tirt.r'crbtrcltr.ir.'ll,M:'r,rr,'rs'l.ciul',rt'rtc'trcctlr'lrttet'lizlrlrlitlrlt'lttl'lt,tlie".

trTlO\)

W

'\a<:$;*...l1,S,4,,,,,,.,.'L'tl,

.-

_,

l:iii{Xlnri'.'

.,,{'
.llf,

is*{xxl

I

Llnrin-ll s;1Lr o deserlrncrlzi ce P-r,errrtsltrt)ollilltisct:rlrlel caLl Picturii63' (,-1. ,\rLrircn r,irt
Ciclcrca SLrlbe mpt (?).
s:r e iost pro\:oc;lti dc urccili de (,tl,inc'r dt:
.'\ tn,t I rtr (,,\ I t' t:t tt i,:
ntigrr, d;1r ert cste ;jLltJt.l J.;rltc tlt,Ltr Icrso]1aic: r'intll di1l-
tre c1c este N{irlcrvil! zci!J lntclcf'eir'rnir, ccltilalt estc Iraiilr:1, ItirLtn ii;,
irfllllll lfcilllt.l
rec{)gllosciLriii clupi rrtlib'rrttrl s.1li, tr',inll.iqrt('l.I;rtit'tl:-i sLls!inc rceoLrrLLri

I'ictLir,r qr o ajuti-sir se rjclicc, itt vt'ct.ttc cc 5{incn-rr isi in- ,rl X\i ll 1cr. lcnrn,
dt errnti lltrce ir sprc lttoltstrltl citre crrc'lc 1a f itliillt. '),1,1 :r Ill,-5 inr,
ileltinr,rre,
N4rrtticrr itr circ acc;lst.l irrrrqiilc-eil,-le cstc it'rtcrterttl;l1i ' \\'rlirrs Art
(,.rlllrr
z;lti atcsti clorinta arristr-rlui tle'.r-i irr.lic:r privitoir-rlr,ri o :rxi .

;ricgtrlich confcr"inrl o Llnitrtte conceptr,raii colnPoT-itiei salc.

Clii.rr cle.lcsu btr-rl .rcestei ntari,rlcgot'ir se afla,- i1ltr-1{1e\-ir,
statllir-l lr,ri Hcrcr-rle , c:rre ii scrvc$te Ja r.lrl lcl c1e prr'tnct c1c spri-
jin. Hclcr-r1e, eroul Virtulti, dcl'itre rtstfel tt a treirl frgurri aie-

gtrlic.t - Virttts --, el.1tr-rri clc Miuervl 5i clc lr:rin'r;i61. Stltltet,r

.lrta at,t clcrtt.'ttt rle icu..ttLlri illtl'C 1l1.II'r'lt't.tbl,'tt etittr'.tl si

s1..tlitrl ,,tbirrcttrltri. irr'sl,ilsit. rtri. tri t.tbl,,tl il\t'7,11 tliltrt |t
ptrtlc.t (il. O2t rci.r [iqr.rr'.r lqrtur.ttrLct ()11()t'('liIlt'ri rt'l-ltet.t
e.rbirr.'ttrl irt rrcu,.rtir. Mcsriul s,trt, tlt's. il'l'.tt tlc .,ill'c .',.'i ,1,'i
ucntilomi, rrebirie sa fic aproxirttativ eccsta: ,,Tati cc s-i1r fi
Ignor;rnla irr fi illvins Pictura!"
p' r.rtVuet risnituinnrcpol.rdd. .rlc"i B'altintorc (il. 63) rlLl se inclepirtcaz,i
apro;lpc clcloc de tabloul cle la Madrid (il' 61). Singura clife-
lenqi'ntrt.rbiii t'ez-ida in dispunerea pcrsollajclor. Sctaunr-r1

1s0