vedanta samajik book 6 CTP (2078) Final

Approved by the Government of Nepal, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology,
Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur as an Additional Learning Material

j]bfGt;fdflhs cWoog

tyf

dfgjd"No lzIff

(Social Studies and Human Value Education)

sIff 6

nv] sx¿
;"o{axfb/' u?' ª o'j/fh 9sfn Ctz] >i] 7

j]bfGt

;dffdgfjlhdts"NyofclWzoIofgf

(Social Studies and Human Value Education)

n]vsx¿ sIff 6
;"oa{ xfb/' u?' ª oj' /fh 9sfn Ctz] >i] 7

© jb] fGt klAns];g k|f= ln=

l8hfOg M dgf]h dgf]x/
;+:s/0f M k|yd, lj= ;+= @)&* -O=;+= @)@! _

d'b|0f M g]kfndf

d"No M ?= $#%.–
k|sfzs M





xfd|f] egfO

‘j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff –^’ gk] fnsf ;fd'bflos tyf ;+:yfut

ljBfnox¿df cWoog/t sIff ^ sf ljBfyLx{ ¿sf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] k':ts xf] . of] k:' ts j]bfGt k|sfzgaf6 k|sflzt jb] fGt

PsLjm[ t ;fdflhs cWoog sIff !–!) zª[ v\ nfsf] Ps dxŒjk0" f{ c+z xf] . of] k':ts kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; jm] Gbå| f/f tof/

kfl/Psf] cfwf/et" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ kf7\oj|md @)&& cg'¿k tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] o;df ;dfjz] ePsf ljifoj:t'dfkm{ t kf7o\ j|mdn]

lglb{i6 u/]sf ;Ifdtf xfl;n u/fpg ;xh x'g] ckI] ff ul/Psf] 5 .

of] k:' ts k|:tt' sIffsf ljBfyLx{ ¿sf ?lr, Ifdtf / dgf]lj1fgnfO{ ljz]if Vofn u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . o;df
ljifoj:t' ;/n efiffdf k|:tt' ul/Psf] 5 . ljleGg PsfOcGtut{ sf ljifoj:t'x¿ ;g' ]/ / 3fj] m] /eGbf lj|mofsnfkdfkm{ t cg'et"
u//] a‰' g ;xh xG' 5 . To;n} ] kf7o\ jm| dn] lglbi{ 6 u/]sf ;Ifdtf / l;sfO pknlAwx¿sf cfwf/df ljifoj:tn' fO{ ljleGg zLifs{ /
pkzLif{sx¿cGtu{t k|:tt' ul/Psf] 5 . o; k:' tssf dxŒjk0" f{ v08x¿ o;ks| f/ 5g\ M

PsfO kl/ro v08 M k':tsdf ;dfjz] ePsf ljleGg PsfOx¿sf cfcfÇg} ljz]iftfx¿ 5g\ . k:| t't ljifosf]
kf7\oj|mdn] klg oL ljleGg PsfOx¿dfk{mt afnaflnsfdf ljleGg 1fg, l;k / dN" o
clejl[ Qx¿sf] ljsf; u/fpg] ckI] ff u/]sf] 5 . kf7\ojm| dsf] dd{nfO{ ae' mL kT| os] PsfOsf] ljifj:t'sf]
l;sfO lj|mofsnfk xg' ;j]mdf dfq ;DalGwt PsfOsf] ;Ifdtf / l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 .
log} j'm/fnfO{ dWogh/ u/L k|To]s PsfOsf] klxnf] ki[ 7df PsfO kl/ro /flvPsf] 5 . o; v08df PsfO
kl/ro;lxt ljifoj:t;' uF ;DalGwt lrqx¿ / l;sfO pknlAwx¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . o;n] k|:t't PsfOsf]
cjwf/0ff k|:6 kfg{ ;xof]u ug]{ ckI] ff ul/Psf] 5 .

d'Vo ljifoj:t' v08M o; v08df k|To]s kf7sf] d'Vo ljifoj:t' ;/n efiffdf k:| t't ul/Psf] 5 . afnaflnsfx¿sf]
?lrnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL kf7sf] k|s[ltcg';f/ ljifoj:tn'\ fO{ ;+jfb, lr7L, sIff ;xhLs/0f cflbsf] 9fFrfdf

ljifoj:t' k:| tt' ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] lzIf0f l;sfOnfO{ ;dt] ;xh kfg{] ckI] ff ul/Psf] 5 .

lj|mofsnfk v08 M o; v08df ;DalGwt kf7sf] ljifoj:tc' g;' f/ j]mxL Jofjxfl/s k|Zgx¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . o; v08df
/flvPsf k|Zgx¿dfk{mt afnaflnsfdf ;fdl" xs efjgf, cGt/jo} lSts l;knufot cGo Jojxf/ j'm;n
l;kx¿sf] ljsf;df ;xh xg' ] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

cEof; v08 M o; v08df kf7df l;j]msf jm' /fx¿sf] k|ltlaDagsf nflu ljleGg txsf kZ| gx¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . pSt
kZ| gx¿dfk{mt kf7o\ jm| dn] tf]j]msf l;sfO pknlAwx¿ kl| tlaDag ug{ ;xh xg' ] 5 .

kl/ofh] gf sfo{ v08 M æu/ / l;sÆ eGg] l;sfOsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/L afnaflnsfsf] IfdtfnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} j'mg}
j'mg} kf7df kl/of]hgf sfox{ ¿ ;dfjz] ul/Psf 5g\ . lzIfs / ljBfyL{sf] ;ljm| o ;xeflutfdf oL
kl/ofh] gf sfo{ ;DkGg xg' ] ckI] ff ul/Psf] 5 .

;fd'bflos sfo{ v08 M sIffsf7] fnfO{ ;db' fo;Dd / ;d'bfonfO{ sIffsf7] f;Dd k¥' ofpg' l;sfOsf] dxŒjk"0f{ kIf xf] . o;nfO{
dWogh/ u/L o; v08cGtut{ ljleGg k|Zgx¿ ;dfjz] ul/Psf 5g\ .

of] k':ts tof/ ugs{ f nflu xfdLnfO{ ;xofu] ug{'x'g] jb] fGt k|sfzgsf cWoIf >L ;'/z] /]UdL, k|aGw lgb]{zs >L hLjg >i] 7,
Pjm] 8]lds lgb{]zs >L xj' m' dk|;fb bfxfn, sfo{sf/L ahf/ lgb{z] s >L dgfh] s'df/ /]UdL, ;r" gf / kl| jlw ljefusf lgb]{zs
>L kb| Lk jmF 8n] nufot jb] fGt klAnj]m;g kf| =ln=kl| t xflb{s jm[ t1tf 1fkg ub{5fF} . ;fy} efiff ;Dkfbgdf ;xofu] ug'{x'g] >L d]u;/L
u?' ª, ;g' dfof u'?ª / kfi] f/fh bfxfnk|lt jm[ t1tf ks| 6 u5fF}{ . To;} u/L o; z[ª\vnfdf lrq tof/ ugx'{ g' ] lrqsf/ >L k|sfz ;dL/
/ n]cfp6 l8hfOg u/L cfsifs{ :j¿k lbgx' g' ] l8hfOg/ >L dgf]h dgfx] /kl| t ljzi] f wGojfb lbG5fF} .

o; k:' tsnfO{ cem kl/ijm[ t kfgs{ f nflu lzIfs, ljBfyL{, cleefjs, a'l4hLjL Pjd\ ;Dk"0f{ kf7sx¿sf] ;dt] ljzi] f e"ldsf /
xg] x'bF f ;Da4 ;as} f] /rgfTds ;'emfjsf nflu xflbs{ cg/' f]w u5f{}F .

nv] sx¿



ljifo;"rL

PsfO ! M xfdL / xfd|f] ;dfh 9
!=! ;dfh / ;d'bfosf] cjwf/0ff 11
!=@ ;dfh lgdf{0fsf cfwf/x¿ 18
!=# ufpk“ flnsf / o;n] kb| fg ug]{ ;j] fx¿ 23
!=$ gu/kflnsfn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfx¿ 30
!=% :yfgLo txdf ljsf; sfo{x¿ 37
!=^ ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/x¿ 43
PsfO @ M xfd|f dfgjdN" o, dfGotf 47
@=! cfTdcg'zf;g 49
@=@ ;fdflhs Jojxf/ 54
@=# xfd|f rf8kj{x¿ 58
@=$ xfd|f] klxrfg M xfdf| ] uf/} j 65
@=% xfd|f wflds{ tyf ;f:+ jml[ ts ;Dkbf 71
@=^ afnSna / :sfp6 77
@=& xfd|f /fli6«o JolStTjx¿ 82
PsfO # M gful/s rt] gf, st{Jo / clwsf/ 86
#=! gful/ssf] kl/ro 88
#=@ xfd|f] clwsf/ 91
#=# gful/s st{Jo 95
#=$ nf]stflGqs dN" o / dfGotf 99
#=% afnclwsf/ / st{Jo 102
#=^ xfdf| ;fdflhs lgod 106
#=& xfdf| ] ;'/Iff 111
#=* 6f« lkms lgod 115
PsfO $ M ;fdflhs ;d:of / ;dfwfg 120
$=! ;fdflhs ;d:of / ljj[mlt 122
$=@ ;fdflhs ;d:of / ljjm[ lt ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ 128
$=# ;fdflhs ;d:of / ljjm[ lt ;dfwfgdf JolSt, kl/jf/,
131
ljBfno / :yfgLo Pjd\ /fli6«o ;ª3\ ;+:yfsf] e"ldsf 135
$=$ ljjfb / o;sf] ;dfwfg 138
PsfO % M xfd|f] ljut 140
%=! g]kfn PsLs/0f cleofgdf hgtfsf] ;xeflutf 144
%=@ g]kfn PsLs/0fdf kY[ jLgf/fo0f zfx, axfb/' zfx / /fHfG] bn| IdLsf] el" dsf 148
%=# gk] fn cª\u]h| o4'

%=$ /f0ffsfnLg /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs / cflys{ cj:yf 153

%=% lj=;+= @))& ;fnkl5sf] kd| v' /fhgLlts 36gfjm| d 158

%=^ lj=;=+ @))& bl] v xfn;Ddsf ;fdflhs tyf cflys{ pknlAwx¿ 164

%=& ldlynf ;Eotf 168

PsfO ^ M xfdf| cflys{ lj|mofsnfk 172

^=! xfdf| cfly{s lj|mofsnfk M kl/ro / dxŒj 174

^=@ xfd|f cfly{s ljm| ofsnfkx¿ M jm[ lif 177

^=# pBf]u / Jofkf/ 181

^=$ ko6{ g / ;j] f 186

^=% xfdf| cfly{s ;f| ]t ;fwgx¿ 190

PsfO & M xfdf| ] k[YjL 197

&=! kY[ jLsf] kl/ro 199

&=@ cIffz+ / b]zfGt/ 203

&=# k[YjLsf] aflx/L txsf] agf6] 207

&=$ gk] fnsf] ef}ufl] ns cj:yf 211

&=% g]kfnsf] xfjfkfgL / jg:klt 215

&=^ gk] fnsf] hnkj| fx k0| ffnL 220

&=& kf| s[lts ;|f]t / dfgj hLjgz}nL 225

&=* g]kfnsf kf| j[mlts ;f| t] x¿ 229

&=( gS;f sfo { 232

&=!) ljkt\ Joj:yfkgM cfunfuL, 89n] f] tyf af9Lklx/f ] 235

PsfO * M hg;ªV\ of / o;sf] Joj:yfkg 240

*=! hg;ª\Vof / hg;fª\lVosLsf] kl/ro 242

*=@ hg;ª\Vof tYofª\ssf ;f| ]tx¿ 247

*=# /fli6«o hgu0fgf 252

*=# g]kfnsf] hg;fª\lVos l:yltM cfsf/, j[l4b/ / 3gTj 256

*=$ g]kfnsf] hg;fªl\ Vos l:yltM agf]6 / ljt/0f 261

*=% hg;ªV\ of Joj:yfkg 266

*=^ hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLo lgsfo / ;ª3\ ;:+ yfx¿sf] e"ldsf 271

PsfO ( M cGt/fl{ i6«o ;DaGw, ;d;fdlos 36gf / ;"rgf k|ljlw 275

(=! gk] fnsf] cGt/fl{ i6«o ;DaGw / ;xofu] 277

(=@ ;r" gf k|ljlw 282

(=# ;"rgf kl| jlw tyf ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] plrt k|ofu] 287

(=$ ;d;fdlos ultljlw 292

PsfO j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

1 xfdL / xfdf| ] ;dfh
(We and Our Society)

PsfO kl/ro M

‘xfdL / xfd|f] ;dfh’ ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff ljifosf] gf} cf]6f
PsfOx¿dWo] Ps dxŒjk"0f{ PsfO xf] . o; PsfOdf dfgj ;dfh;Fu ;DalGwt
ljifoj:t¿' ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . o; PsfOdf ;dfh / ;db' fosf] cjwf/0ff, ;dfh
/ ;d'bfosf] kl/ro, ;dfh / ;d'bfolarsf] ;dfgtf / leGgtf, ;dfh lgdf0{ fsf
cfwf/x¿, ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] ;/+ rgf / u7g kl| jm| of, logLx¿n] k|bfg
ug{] ;]jf / ;'ljwfx¿, ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfleq ePsf ljsf;sf sfox{ ¿sf

kf7\ojm| d ljsf; j]mGb|, 9 jb] fGt
;fgf]l7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

;fy} ljsf;sf k"jfw{ f/x¿;DaGwL ljifoj:t'x¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ .

k|:t't ljifosf] klxnf] PsfO ePsfn] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"Nosf af/d] f
cjwf/0ff k:| 6 kfg]{ u/L o; PsfOdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf ljifoj:tx' ¿sf] cWoog
ul/g'k5{ . To;} u/L l;sf?x¿df /rgfTds ;f]r l;k, ;dfnfr] gfTds ;f]rfO
l;k, lg0f{o tyf ;d:of ;dfwfg l;k, :jJoj:yfkg l;k, ;~rf/ l;k, ;f+:jm[ lts
l;kx¿, ;xsfo{, ;xof]u / ;xfg'e"lt cflb h:tf l;sfO l;kx¿sf] ljsf;
xg' ] kf7o\ jm| dn] ck]Iff u/]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu ljifoj:t'x¿nfO{ 5nkmn,
kl/of]hgf sfo{, vfh] , cg;' Gwfg, kZ| gf]Q/, cWoog e|d0f tyf k|ltj]bg n]vg cflb
lj|mofsnfkx¿ k|of]u u//] k:| 6 kfg{ ;lsG5 . kf7\ojm| dn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;Ifdtf /
l;sfO pknlAwx¿ tfl] sPsf] k9fO cjlwe/ k/" f ug{ lzIfs / ljBfyL{sf] ;+oS' t
ko| f; cfjZos xG' 5 .

o; PsfOsf] cGTodf ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDg l;sfO pknlAwx¿ xfl;n ug{] 5g\ M

;dfh / ;db' fosf] cjwf/0ff / ;dfh lgdf{0fsf cfwf/ pNnv] ug{,
ufpkF flnsf ÷ gu/kflnsfsf] kl/ro lbg,
o;sf ;/+ rgf / ;j] fx¿ pNnv] ug{,
cfÇgf] ufpkF flnsf ÷ gu/kflnsfleq ePsf ljsf;sf sfox{ ¿sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{,
ljsf;sf k"jfw{ f/sf kl/ro / dxŒj pNnv] ug,{
• d'Vo d'Vo ljsf;sf k"jfw{ f/x¿ klxrfg ug{ .

j]bfGt 10 kf7\oj|md ljsf; j]mGb|,
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff ;fgf]l7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

Kff7 ;dfh / ;db' fosf] cjwf/0ff

!=! (Concept of Society and Community)

dflg; ;fdflhs k|f0fL ePsfn] ;d"xdf a:b} cfPsf] 5 . dflg;n] cfÇgf c;Lldt
cfjZostfx¿ PSn}n] k"/f ug{ ;Sbg} . o;sf nflu dflg;x¿lar Ps cfk;df
;xof]u tyf ;xsfo{sf] cfjZostf k5{ . To;n} ] dflg;x¿ kl/jf/df a:5g\ . Pp6f
kl/jf/sf] cfjZostf kl/k"lts{ f nflu csf{] kl/jf/sf] ;xofu] / ;xsfos{ f nflu g}
w/] } kl/jf/x¿ ldn]/ Pj}m 7fpdF f a:5g\ . oL kl/jf/x¿sf] ;d"xn] g} ;db' fo aG5 .
To;} u/L ljleGg ;d'bfox¿sf] ;d"xn] ;dfh aG5 .

;dfh (Society)

‘;… dfh’ zAb ;fdflhs ;DaGw;uF ;DalGwt 5 . ;dfhzf:qL tyf

dfgjzf:qLx¿sf cg;' f/ ;dfh dflg;x¿sf] e'mG8 dfq xf]Ogý ;dfh

dfgjLo ;DaGwx¿sf] Pp6f k|ljm| of, 9frF f / ;~hfn xf] . pgLx¿n] ;dfhnfO{

JolStx¿, ;+:yfx¿, ;d'bfox¿,

;d"xx¿sf] Ps a[xt\ cjwf/0ffsf

¿kdf JofVof u/]sf 5g\ . hxfF cgs] fF} tx

/ kIfsf] ;dGjo xG' 5 . log} ljleGg

kIfx¿sf larsf] ;DaGw, Jojxf/ /

cGt/ljm| of g} jf:tjdf ;dfh xf] .

o;}n] ;dfh Ps hl6n cdt" { (abstract)

cjwf/0ff xf] . ;dfhsf cg]sfF} PsfOx¿ ufpF

Ps csf{kl| t cGt/;DalGwt eO{

ags] f] ;fdflhs ;DaGwsf] ;~hfn (network) n] g} ;dfhsf] lgdf0{ f u5{ .

;dfhn] Pp6f ;+/rgf (structure) nfO{ dfq geO{ To;leqsf] ;DaGwsf] kIfnfO{

kf7\ojm| d ljsf; jm] Gb,| 11 jb] fGt
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

a9L hf8] lbG5 . ctM Pscfk;df cfl>t, ;fdl" xs klxrfg afj] m] sf] / Pp6} Ifq] df
a;f]af; ug{] dflg;x¿sf] ;u+ l7t ;db' fo g} ;dfh xf] . ;dfh ;;+ f/e/ g} cl:tTjdf
/xg] xg' fn] ;j{JofkL x'G5 . ;dfhdf k|rlnt ljleGg ultljlwx¿ kl/jtg{ xG' 5g\ .
To;}n] ;dfh klg kl/jtg{ zLn / ultzLn x'G5 .

;db' fo (Community)

j'mg}vf;If]q,ju,{ ;fdflhs/Llt,;:+ j[mlt

tyf Joj;fodf cfa4 dflg;x¿sf] ;d"x

;d'bfo xf] . j'mg} Ps ;fgf] ef}uf]lns

Ifq] df a;fa] f; ug]{ dflg;x¿lar ;dfg

efiff, Oltxf;, ;+:j[mlt tyf pgLx¿sf

hLjgsf ljljw kIfx¿df ;dfgtf b/' f ;d'bfosf] a:tL
xG' 5 eg] To;}nfO{ g} ;db' fo elgG5 .

;fdfGotof kl/jf/sf] ;ªV\ of a9\b} hfFbf ;ª\u7gsf] ¿k lnG5 . o;n] g} ;d'bfosf]

lgdf0{ f u5{ . ;db' fo ;dfheGbf ;fgf] / ;Lldt bfo/f x'g] x'gfn] of] ;dfhsf]

Pp6f ;fgf] cª\u xf] . ;d'bfodf dflg;x¿sf lar xfd|f] eGg] efjgfsf] l56f] ljsf; eO{

;be\ fj / k|]d df}nfpF5 .

d;' x/ ;d'bfosf] a:tL hftLo ;d'bfo, k];fut ;d'bfo, eflifs
;db' fo, wfld{s ;db' fo cflb ;db' fosf
pbfx/0f x'g\ . IfqL, af| xd\ 0f, u?' ª, gj] f/,
zk] f{, yf¿, ofbj, lnDa," /fO{ cflb ;d'bfo
hftLo ;db' fox¿ xg' \ . jm[ lif, cfB} fl] us,
Jofkfl/s cflb ;d'bfo k];fut ;d'bfox¿
x'g\ . To;} u/L af}4, lxGb', O:nfd, O;fO,{
hg} cflb ;d'bfo wfld{s ;db' fox¿

j]bfGt 12 kf7o\ j|md ljsf; jm] Gb,|
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff ;fgf]l7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

x'g\ . ljleGg efiff af]Ng] dflg;x¿sf] klg cfcfÇg} ;db' fo x'G5g\ . ;d'bfo ;ae} Gbf
;fgf] ;dx" xf] h;df ;fdflhs hLjgsf ;a} kIfx¿ ;lDdlnt ePsf x'G5g\ .

;dfh / ;d'bfolarsf] ;dfgtf (Similarities between

society and community)

;dfh / ;d'bfo b'O{ leGgleGg cjwf/0ff eP tfklg oL b'O{lar jm] xL ;dfgtfx¿
5g\ . o;sf sf/0f cfhefl] n ;dfh / ;db' fonfO{ ;dfgfyL{ zAbsf ¿kdf
ko| f]u u/]sf] kfOG5 . h:t}ý g]kfnL ;d'bfo jf g]kfnL ;dfh, ljZj ;d'bfo jf ljZj
;dfh, lxGb' ;d'bfo jf lxGb' ;dfh cflb . ;db' fo / ;dfhlarsf] ;dfgtf lgDg
a'Fbfsf cfwf/df cem k:| 6 kfg{ ;lsG5 M

;dfh / ;d'bfo bj' } dflg;x¿sf] ;dx" af6 lgld{t x'G5 . To;}n] oL bj' }df
;fd"lxstfsf] efjgf hfu[t xG' 5 .

dflg;x¿df Pstfsf] efjgf hfut[ x'g] x'gfn] ;dfh / ;d'bfo bj' d} f
;'/Iffsf] k|Tofel" t x'G5 .

;dfh / ;d'bfodf dflg;x¿lar lhDd]jf/L afF8kmf6F x'g] x'gfn] b'jd} f
dflg;x¿lar ;xsfo{ / d]nldnfk x'G5 .

oL bj' }sf lglZrt cfsf/ / p2Z] o x'G5g\ .

;dfh / ;db' fo bj' } l:y/ geO{ ultzLn x'G5g\ .

;dfh / ;db' fodf dflg;x¿ ;xcl:tTjsf nflu ;xof]u / ;ª3\ if{ ub}{ cl3
al9/xs] f xG' 5g\ .

;dfh / ;db' fo b'j}df dflg;x¿sf hLjgz}nL / ;:+ jm[ ltn] dxŒjk0" f{ :yfg
lnPsf x'G5g\ .

;dfh / ;d'bfo b'j}df dflg;x¿df ckgTj, lhDd]jf/L, ;/' Iff, ;xsfo{ cflb
h:tf ;fdl" xs efjgf /x]sf] xG' 5 .

kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; jm] Gb,| 13 jb] fGt
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLst[ ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

;dfh / ;d'bfolarsf] leGgtf (Differences between

society and community)

;dfh / ;d'bfosf lar j]mxL ;dfgtf b]lvP tfklg oL b'O{ cjwf/0ffsf lar j]mxL
cfwf/et" leGgtfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . tL o;ks| f/ 5g\ M

;dfh (Society) ;d'bfo (Community)

!= ;dfh ljleGg JolSt tyf != ;db' fo lglZrt ef}uf]lns If]qdf
;d"xx¿sf] cGt/;DaGwaf6 a:g] dflg;x¿sf] ;dx" xf] .
ljsl;t cjwf/0ff xf] . To;n} ] of] dt" { cjwf/0ff xf] .
To;}n] of] cd"t{ xG' 5 .

@= ;dfh;fdflhs;DaGwsf]hfnf]xf]. @= JolStx¿sf] ;dx" sf] cfwf/df

To;n} ] o;df ‘xfdL’ eGg] efjgf lgldt{ x'g] x'gfn] ;d'bfodf æxfdLÆ

xg' klg ;S5, gxg' klg ;S5 . eGg] efjgf kfOG5 .

#= ;dfh aGgsf nflu lglZrt #= ;d'bfo aGgsf nflu lglZrt
efu} fl] ns If]q xg' cfjZos 5g} . ef}uf]lns If]q xg' cfjZos 5 .

$= ;dfhsf] p2]Zo a9L ax[ t\ / $= ;db' fosf] p2Z] o t'ngfTds ¿kdf
ljljwtfk"0f{ x'G5 lsgls ;dfhdf lglZrt / ;dfg x'G5 lsgls jm' g}
Ps¿ktf geO{ ljleGg cfwf/x¿ Ps lglZrt efu} f]lns If]qleqsf
xG' 5g\ . hfthflt, wd,{ ;:+ j[mlt dflg;x¿sf] ;dfg efjgf,
cflbdf ;fdflhs ljefhg eO{ p2Z] o, Jojxf/, ;:+ jm[ lt / efiffaf6
To;leqsf] cGt/;DaGwaf6 ;d'bfosf] lgdf0{ f x'G5 .
;dfh lg/Gt/ cl3 a9\5 .

j]bfGt 14 kf7\oj|md ljsf; j]mGb|,
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff ;fgf]l7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

%= ;dfhdf ;dfgtf / leGgtf bj' } %= ;db' fodf dflg;x¿sf ;fd"lxs

kfOG5 . ?lr a9L xg' ] x'gfn] ;dfgtf a9L

kfOG5 .

^= ;dfhsf] cfsf/ 7n' f] x'G5 . ^= ;d'bfo ;fgf] cfsf/sf] x'G5 .

&= ;dfh a9L hl6n / Jofks xG' 5 . &= ;d'bfo tn' gfTds ¿kdf sd hl6n
/ lglZrt x'G5 .

lj|mofsnfk

!= ;fyL;Fu 5nkmn u/L tkfO{Fsf] sIff / ;dfhlarsf] ;dfgtf / leGgtf
kQf nufpgx' f;] \ . To;nfO{ rf6{ k]k/df nv] L sIffsf]7fsf] k|bz{gL kf6Ldf
6f:F gx' f;] \ .

@= tkfOs{F f] sIffsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ rf/ ;d"xdf ljefhg ugx'{ f;] \ . tn lbOPsf
rf/ zLif{sdWo] kT| o]s ;d"xn] Ps Ps cf6] f zLif{sdf 5nkmn ug{x' f];\ .
5nkmndf p7]sf jm' /fx¿nfO{ ;d"x gt] f (Group Leader) dfkm{ t k:| tt'
ug'x{ f;] \ .

;dx" ‘s’ M ;dfhsf] cjwf/0ff

;d"x ‘v’ M ;db' fosf] cjwf/0ff

;d"x ‘u’ M ;dfh / ;db' fosf] ;dfgtf

;d"x ‘3’ M ;dfh / ;db' fosf dxŒjx¿

kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; j]mGb,| 15 j]bfGt
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

cEof;

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ nV] gx' f];\ M

-s_ ;db' fosf] kl/ro lbg'xf;] \ .
-v_ ;dfh eGgfn] jm] a‰' g'x'G5 <
-u_ wfld{s ;dfhsf j'mg} bO' { cf]6f pbfx/0fx¿ nV] g'xf;] \ .
-3_ j'mg} bO' { cf6] f hftLo ;dfhsf pbfx/0fx¿ nV] gx' f;] \ .

@= tn lbOPsf ;dfh / ;db' folarsf leGgtfx¿nfO{ 5fg]/
tflnsfdf egx'{ f;] \ M
;dfh ;d'bfo

-lglZrt ef}ufl] ns Ifq] xG' 5 . o;sf] cfsf/ 7'nf] xG' 5 . a9L hl6n / Jofks
x'G5 . lglZrt ef}ufl] ns Ifq] gx'g klg ;S5 . o;sf] cfsf/ ;fgf] xG' 5 . sd

hl6n / lglZrt x'G5 ._

jb] fGt 16 kf7o\ j|md ljsf; j]mGb|,
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff ;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLs[t

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

#= ;dfh / ;db' folar j]m jm] ;dfgtfx¿ 5g\ < cfˆg} zAbdf
nV] gx'[ f];\ .

$= tkfO{F / tkfOsF{ f] kl/jf/n] ;d'bfosf] ljsf;df vn] s] f] el" dsf
j0f{g ug{'xf];\ .

%= ;dfhaf6 tkfOF{n] kf| Kt u/]sf kmfObfx¿ pNn]v ugx{' f];\ .

^= tkfOFs{ f] kl/jf/n] ;d'bfoaf6 k|fKt u/]sf kmfObfx¿ pNn]v ub}{
Pp6f sljtf n]Vgx' f;] \ .

;fd'bflos sfo{

tkfOFs{ f] ;db' fosf cuh| JolStx¿;uF 5nkmn u/L tkfO{Fsf] ;db' fo
/ tkfOF{ a;s] f] 7fpsF f] ;dfhsf ljz]iftfx¿ kQf nufO{ Ps k|ltj]bg
tof/ kfg'{xf;] \ .

kf7\oj|md ljsf; j]mGb,| 17 jb] fGt
;fgf]l7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLst[ ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

Kff7 ;dfh lgdf0{ fsf cfwf/x¿
!=@ (Bases of Formation of Society)

dflg; cfÇgf] cfjZostf k"/f ug{ ;'/lIft hLjgofkgsf nflu kf| rLg sfnb]lv
g} ;dx" df a:b} cfPsf] 5 . dflg;n] ljleGg ;dx" df ;ljm| otf, ;xof]u, ;b\efj
/ Pstf bv] fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . log} ;lj|motf, ;xofu] , ;be\ fj / Pstf g} ;dfh
lgdf{0fsf d'Vo cfwf/x¿ x'g\ . cfk;L ;xofu] / ;be\ fj sfod u/L PstfnfO{
;an ug{ dflg;x¿ ;bf lj|mofzLn /xs] f] bl] vG5 . o;} jm| ddf ;dfh lgdf0{ fsf
ljleGg cfwf/x¿ Pskl5 csf]{ tof/ ePsf] 5 . o; kf7df ;dfh lgdf{0fsf
ljleGg cfwf/x¿dWo] j]mxLsf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .

!= JolSt (Individual) M

JolStlagf ;dfhsf] kl/sNkgf klg ug{ ;ljFmbg} . JolStx¿sf larsf]
;xsfo,{ ;DaGw, Jojxf/ cflbsf sf/0f ;dfhsf] lgdf0{ f x'G5 . JolStkl5
dfq} ;fdflhs Jojxf/x¿ ;Dej ePsfn] JolStnfO{ ;dfhsf] klxnf] /
dxŒjk"0f{ cfwf/ dflgG5 .

@= ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / ;+:sf/ (Social traditions and rites)M

Dfflg;x¿n] cfÇgf] hLjgofkg ug]{ j|mddf ljleGg ;fdflhs k/Dk/f /
;+:sf/x¿ ljsf; u/]sf xG' 5g\ . oL ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / ;+:sf/x¿nfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbg] j|mddf ljleGg ;dfhsf] lgdf0{ f ePsf] xG' 5 . ljleGg hfthflt,
wd,{ ;+:j[mlt / k;] fsf cfwf/df lgdf0{ f xg' ] ;dfhx¿ k/Dk/f / ;+:sf/jm}
pkh xg' \ . ;dfh lgdf0{ fdf ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / ;+:sf/sf] dxŒjk"0f{ el" dsf
/xG5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ ;dfh lgdf{0fsf] d'Vo cfwf/ dflgG5 .

j]bfGt 18 kf7\oj|md ljsf; j]mGb|,
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff ;fgfl] 7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

#= kf/:kl/s ;xofu] , ;be\ fj / ;fd"lxs efjgf
(Mutual help, harmony and collective spirit)M

dflg;x¿ cfÇgf ;femf p2Z] o k|flKtsf nflu Ps csf{nfO{ ;xofu]
u5{g\ . o;/L ;xofu] ugfn{ ] cfk;L ;b\efj / ;fdl" xs efjgfsf] ljsf; xG' 5 .
dflg;x¿sf larsf] log} cfk;L ;xofu] , ;be\ fj / ;fd"lxs efjgfsf sf/0f
;dfh lgdf{0f xG' 5 .

$= ;fdl" xs sfo{ (Group work) M

dflg;x¿n] cfÇgf ;femf p2Z] o kf| lKtsf
nflu ;d"xdf sfd u5{g\ . o;nfO{
;fd"lxs sfo{ elgG5 . dflg;x¿
ljleGg rf8kj{ ;d"xdf dgfp5F g\ .
k/Dk/fut ¿kdf rlncfPsf]
/Lltl/jfh;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{x¿ h:tý}
ljjfx, jt| aGw, d[To' ;+:sf/ cflb ubf{ ;d"xdf u5g{ \ . ;dfhdf ljleGg ljsf;
lgdf{0fsf sfo{ ubf{ ;d"xdf g} ul/G5 . To;}n] ;fd"lxs sfon{ ] ;dfh lgdf{0fdf
dxŒjk"0f{ el" dsf vN] 5 .

%= cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ (Fulfilment of needs) M

dflg;x¿sf c;Lldt cfjZostfx¿ xG' 5g\ . tL c;Lldt cfjZostf
j'mg} JolSt jf ;dx" n] PSn} k"/f ug{ ;Sbg} . o;sf nflu ;fdl" xs
ko| f;sf] cfjZostf k5{ . o;} j|mddf ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f xG' 5 .

^= ;'/Iff (Security)M

;'?sf] cj:yfdf dflg;x¿ hªu\ nL hgfj/x¿ h:t} hª\undf a:y] .

kf7\ojm| d ljsf; jm] Gb|, 19 jb] fGt
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLs[t ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

sGbdn" vfg,] ?vsf afj] |mf nufpg,] l;sf/ u/L sfFr} df;' vfg], cf8] f/df
a:g] uy{] . zf/Ll/s ¿kdf dflg; cGo lx+;|s hgfj/x¿eGbf sdhf]/ 5 .
dflg;df af3 / l;+xsf h:tf nfdf bfxf| 5}gg\ . xfQLsf] h:tf] 7n' f] lhp 5}g .
dflg; afFb/ h:tf] Pp6f ?vaf6 csf{] ?vdf pkm]| / cfÇgf] ;/' Iff ug{ ;Sb}g .
d[un] h:tf] bf}8]/ cfÇgf] ;/' Iff ug{ klg ;Sb}g . oL ljljw cj:yfsf] cWoog
ubf{ ;/' Iffsf nflu dflg; ;?' bl] v g} ;d"xdf a:b} cfPsf lyP eGg] cg'dfg
nufpg ;lsG5 . dflg;x¿ ;dx" d} a:g] jm| ddf ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] .

&= ?lr (Interest) M

;fdfGotof ;dfg ?lr ePsf dflg;x¿ ;Fu} a:g] / Ps cfk;df cGt/lj|mof
ug{] u5g{ \ . oxL jm| ddf ;dfhsf] lgdf0{ f ePsf] x'G5 . t;y{ ?lrnfO{ ;dfh
lgdf0{ fsf] csf{] dxŒjk"0f{ cfwf/ dflgG5 .

*= lhDd]jf/L (Responsibility) M

;fdflhs Joj:yfleq ljleGg k0| ffnL, pkk0| ffnL / PsfOx¿ xG' 5g\ .
logLx¿lar wd,{ ;+:jm[ lt, hfthflt, lzIff cflbsf cfwf/df ;fdflhs
sfo{ ljefhg ePsf] x'G5 lsgls ;a} sfd Pp6} JolSt jf ;d"xn] dfq ug{
;Sb}g . logLx¿sf] cGt/;DaGwaf6 ;dfh lgdf{0f x'G5 .

(= ;d;fdlos ;fr] (Contemporary thoughts) M

jm' g} sfnv08 jf kl/l:yltcg;' f/ l;lht{ dfgjLo ;fr] g} ;d;fdlos
;f]r xf] . ;dosf] kl/jt{g / ljsf;;Fu} dflg;sf ;fr] fO / bl[ i6sf]0fdf klg
kl/jtg{ cfpF5 . h;sf sf/0f ljleGg ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f xG' 5 . k|frLg
9ª' u\ ] o'ubl] v xfnsf] j1} flgs o'u;Dd ljleGg ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f eO{ cl:tTjdf
cfP . of] ;d;fdlos ;fr] sf] pkh xf] .

jb] fGt 20 kf7\oj|md ljsf; j]mGb,|
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff ;fgf]l7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

!)= k;] f ÷ Joj;fo (Occupation) M

dflg;x¿ cfÇgf] bl} gs hLljsf ;~rfngsf nflu ljleGg k;] f tyf
Joj;fodf ;n+ Ug ePsf xG' 5g\ . pgLx¿ k;] f / Joj;fo ;~rfngjmf jm| ddf
ljleGg 7fpFdf uO{ a;f]af; u5g{ \ ý ;xsfo{ u5{g\ . To;} j|mddf ;dfh lgdf0{ f
x'G5 . ljBdfg cfB} f]lus ;dfh / ;x/L ;dfh k;] f Joj;fosf sf/0f lgdf0{ f
ePsf x'g\ .

ljm| ofsnfk

!= kf7df lbOPsf afx]s ;dfh lgdf{0fsf cfwf/x¿ c¿ klg x'g ;S5g\ . 5nkmn
u/L ;dfh lgdf0{ fsf cfwf/x¿ Pp6f rf6{ k]k/df l6Kgx' f;] \ / sIffsf] k|bz{gL
kf6Ldf 6fF:gx' f;] \ .

kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; jm] Gb|, 21 j]bfGt
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLst[ ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

cEof;

!= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ ;RofP/ sfkLdf ;fg{x' f];\ .

-s_ JolStx¿lagf g} ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f xG' 5 .
-v_ dflg;x¿ lxhf]cfh dfq} ;d"xdf a:g yfn]sf x'g\ .
-u_ ;dx" df a:bf ;/' lIft gxg' ] ePsfn] ;dfhsf] lgdf0{ f ePsf] xf] .
-3_ k|frLg sfnb]lv cfh;Dd Pp6} ;dfh 5 .
-ª_ s'g} Ps JolSt jf ;d"xn] cfkm" nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ j:t'x¿ cfkmF}

pTkfbg ug{ ;S5 .

@= ;dfh lgdf0{ fsf cfwf/x¿ pNn]v ugx{' f;] \ .
#= ;dfh lgdf0{ fdf ;d;fdlos ;fr] sf] el" dsf k:| 6 kfg{x' f;] \ .
$= tkfOs{F f ljrf/df ;dfh lgdf0{ fsf cfwf/x¿ j]m jm] x'g ;Snfg\ <

pNnv] ugx'{ f;] \ .
%= æJolStx¿lagf ;dfh lgdf0{ fsf] kl/sNkgf klg ug{

;ljmF bg} .Æ k'li6 ug'{xf];\ .
^= dflg;sf ?lrcg;' f/ ;dfhsf] lgdf0{ f s;/L xG' 5 <

;fd'bflos sfo{

tkfO{Fsf] ;dfhdf xg' ] ljjfx, jt| aGw, cGgkf| zg, r"8fsd{ cflb h:tf
sfo{jm| dx¿dWo] jm' g} Ps sfo{j|mddf ;ljm| o ;xefuL xg' x' f;] \ . To;df
dflg;x¿n] ug{] ultljlwx¿ cjnfs] g u/]/ kl| tjb] g tof/ kfg'x{ f];\ .

jb] fGt 22 kf7\ojm| d ljsf; j]mGb,|
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff ;fgf]l7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

Kff7 ufp“kflnsf /
o;n] kb| fg ug]{ ;j] fx¿
!=#
(Rural Municipality and Its Services)

k[i7el" d

gk] fnsf] Oltxf;df klxnf] k6s hgtfsf k|ltlglwx¿ ;lDdlnt ;+ljwfg;efaf6
;+ljwfg tof/ ePsf] 5 . of] ;l+ jwfg @)&@ c;fh] # ut] hf/L ul/Psf] xf] . o;n]
/fHosf] ;ª3\ Lo ;+/rgf / /fHozlStsf] af8F kmfF6;DaGwL Joj:yfcg';f/ ;ª\3Lo
nfs] tflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] d"n ;+/rgfsf] lgwf/{ 0f u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] dn"
;/+ rgfdf ;ª3\ , k|b]z / :yfgLo tx u/L tLg tx lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . nf]stGqdf
hgtfn] cfÇgf nflu zf;g ug]{ JolStx¿ cfkm}F 5fGg] Joj:yf xG' 5 . nf]stGqdf
hgtfåf/f rl' gPsf kl| tlglwx¿af6 zf;g ;~rfng, gLlt lgdf{0f / ljsf;
sfo{ ug]{ ul/G5 . o; nfs] tflGqs cEof;nfO{ ;zSt / k|efjsf/L agfpg
g]kfnsf] ;l+ jwfgn] :yfgLo txsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLo txcGtu{t
ufpkF flnsf, gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ;ef /xg] Joj:yf u/s] f] 5 . oLdWo] ufpkF flnsf
ufpF txsf] :yfgLo tx xf] .

ufp“kflnsf ejg ufpk“ flnsf

kf7\oj|md ljsf; jm] Gb,| 23 j]bfGt
;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLs[t ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

o; kf7df xfdL ufpF;ef / ufpF sfok{ flnsfsf af/d] f 5nkmn u5fF{} . o;sf nflu
xl/ / 8f]Ndfsf] jm' /fsfgL ;'gf}F .

-xl/ / 8fN] df sIff ^ df k9\5g\ . 8f]Ndf cl3Nnf] lbg ljBfnodf pkl:yt eOgg\ .
vfhfsf] ;dodf xl/;uF cl3Nnf] lbg 5'6]sf] k9fOsf af/]df jm' /fsfgL ub{} l5g\ ._

xl/ M 8f]Ndf, ltdL lxhf] lsg :jm' n gcfPsL xf} <

8fN] df M dnfO{ cln ;Grf] lyPg, To;}n] pkl:yt xg' ;lsgF . ;fRF rL, lxhf]
j]msf af/d] f k9fO ePsf] lyof] <

xl/ M cfpm, d ltdLnfO{ lxhf] xfdLn] k9s] f] ufpkF flnsf / o;n] kb| fg
ug]{ ;]jfx¿sf af/d] f atfOlbG5' . ltdLnfO{ o;sf af/d] f j]mxL yfxf
5<

8fN] df M vf;} w/] } t yfxf 5g} . d/] f] a'emfOdf ufpFkflnsf ufpF
:t/sf] :yfgLo tx xf] . gk] fndf xfn $^) cf]6f ufpFkflnsfx¿
5g\ . k|Tos] ufpkF flnsfdf hgtfåf/f rl' gPsf k|ltlglwx¿
;lDdlnt ufpF;ef, j8f ;ldlt / ufpF sfok{ flnsfsf] u7g
ePsf] xG' 5 t/ dnfO{ logLx¿sf] u7gsf af/d] f jm] xL yfxf 5}g .
olb ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 eg] atfObp] m g xl/ .

jb] fGt 24 kf7\oj|md ljsf; j]mGb|,
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff ;fgf]l7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLst[

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

xl/ M -sfkLdf nv] s] f] gf]6 bv] fpbF _} n ;g' . g]kfnsf] ;l+ jwfgcg;' f/
ufpF;efsf] u7g lgDgfg;' f/ x'g] Joj:yf 5 ý

ufp;F efsf] u7g (Formation of Village Assembly)

!= ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf cWoIf ! hgf

@= ufpF sfok{ flnsfsf pkfWoIf ! hgf

#= kT| os] j8faf6 Ps hgfsf b/n] lgjfl{ rt j8fsf ;ªV\ ofcg;' f/
j8f cWoIfx¿

$= k|To]s j8faf6 bO' { hgf dlxnf;lxt $ j8fsf ;ª\Vofcg;' f/
hgf j8f ;b:ox¿

%= ufpF ;efsf nflu lgjf{lrt xg' fsf nflu @ hgf
ofU] otf ePsf blnt jf cNk;ª\Vos
;d'bfoaf6 ufpF;efn] lgjfl{ rt u/s] f
;b:ox¿

-ljBdfg sfgg' cg';f/ ufpFkflnsfdf j8fsf] ;ª\Vof % bl] v @! ;Dd xg' ] Joj:yf 5 . To;}
u/L ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsfdf a;f]af; ug]{ !* jif{ pd]/ k"/f eO{ dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd
;dfjz] ePsf gful/sn] cfÇgf] k|ltlglwsf ¿kdf ufp;F efsf kbflwsf/Lx¿ lgjf{lrt
ug]{ Joj:yf sfgg' n] u/]sf] 5 ._

8f]Ndf M To;f] eP Pp6f ufpF;efdf slt hgf ;b:ox¿ x'G5g\ < eGg] jm' /f
yfxf kfpg ufx|f] /x5] x} xl/ .

xl/ M To;f] xf]Og 8f]Ndf, h:tf] xfd|f] xtj' fu9L ufpFkflnsfdf ( cf]6f
j8fx¿ 5g\ . oxfF ( hgf j8f cWoIfx¿ / !* hgf dlxnf
;b:ox¿;lxt #^ hgf j8f ;b:ox¿ lgjf{lrt xG' 5g\ .
To;n} ] xfdf| ] ufpkF flnsfsf] ufp;F efdf cWoIf, pkfWoIf, blnt jf
cNk;ª\Vos ;db' foaf6 ufp;F efn] lgjf{lrt u/s] f] ufpF

kf7\oj|md ljsf; jm] Gb,| 25 jb] fGt
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff

8fN] df j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
xl/ dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6
8fN] df
sfok{ flnsfsf ;b:ox¿ @ hgf;lxt hDdf $( hgf ;b:ox¿
xl/ /x]sf 5g\ .

M wGojfb xl/ . kT| o]s j8fdf j8f cWoIf / $ hgf ;b:ox¿
/xs] f] Ps j8f ;ldlt x'G5, xfO] g / xl/ <

M ltdLn] l7s eGof} 8fN] df¤ ltdLnfO{ ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] u7gsf
af/]df j]mxL yfxf 5 <

M sfo{kflnsf;DaGwL sfox{ ¿ ug{sf nflu k|Tos] ufpkF flnsfdf
Ps hgf ufpF sfo{kflnsf cWoIf /xg] / lghj}m cWoIftfdf Ps
ufpF sfo{kflnsf /xg] Joj:yf ;l+ jwfgn] u/s] f] 5 , x} .

M xf] 8f]Ndf . -ufpF sfok{ flnsfsf] u7gsf] rf6{ b]vfpFb_} ufpF
sfo{kflnsfsf] u7g o; k|sf/ xG' 5 .

ufpF sfok{ flnsfsf] u7g (Formation of Village Executive)

cWoIf ! hgf

pkfWoIf ! hgf

k|Tos] j8faf6 lgjfl{ rt ;a} j8fsf cWoIfx¿ j8fsf
;ªV\ ofcg;' f/

ufp;F efsf ;b:ox¿n] cfkm" x¿dWo]af6 $ hgf

lgjf{lrt u/s] f rf/ hgf dlxnf ;b:ox¿

blnt jf cNk;ªV\ os ;db' foaf6 ufpF;efn] @ hgf
lgjfl{ rt u/]sf @ hgf ;b:o

8f]Ndf M To;f] eP ltdf| ] ufpF sfok{ flnsfdf !& ;b:oLo ufpF sfo{kflnsf
5 xf]Og t <

xl/ M ltdLn] l7s eGof} 8fN] df .

j]bfGt 26 kf7o\ j|md ljsf; j]mGb|,
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff ;fgfl] 7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLs[t

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

8f]Ndf M t/ d k|:6 x'g rfxG5' . blnt jf cNk;ª\Vos ;d'bfoaf6
lgjfl{ rt @ hgf ;b:ox¿dWo] ! hgf dlxnf eof] eg] ufp;F efsf
;b:ox¿n] cfkm" x¿dWo]af6 lgjf{lrt $ hgf dlxnf
;b:ox¿sf] ;ª\Vof 36fP/ # hgf x'G5g\ t <

xl/ M xf]Og k]Daf, blnt jf cNk;ªV\ os ;db' foaf6 dlxnf ;b:o
lgjf{lrt eof] eg] pgn] ToxL ;db' fosf] kl| tlglwTj ul5g{ \ .
o:tf] cj:yfdf pSt ufpF sfok{ flnsfdf %hgf dlxnf ;b:ox¿
x'G5g\ . ;fy} cWoIf jf pkfWoIfdf ! hgf yk xFb' f ^ hgf dlxnf
;b:ox¿ x'G5g\ .

8fN] df M oL ;a} kbx¿df lgjfl{ rt x'g rflxg] of]Uotf j]m 5 < elgb]pm g .

xl/ M ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z
ePsf] x'g'k5{ . j'mg} sfg'gn] cof]Uo 7x/ gu/]sf] x'g'k5{ . PSsfO;
jif{ k"/f ePsf] xg' k' 5{ . oL ofU] otf ePsf] g]kfnL gful/s ufp;F ef
/ ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] j'mg} klg kbsf nflu ofU] o xg' ] Joj:yf 5 .

8f]Ndf M clg xfdLn] ufpFkflnsfaf6 ;j] fx¿ klg kfp5F f}F xf]nf lg <

xl/ M kfpF5f}F lg . lsg gkfpg' < ufpFkflnsfn] kb| fg ug]{ ;j] fx¿ w]/}
5g\ . oL jm' /fx¿ klg d}n] l6kf]6 u/]sf] 5' . h:t†}

ufpFkflnsfn] :yfgLo hgtfsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;a} vfnsf
;]jfx¿sf] Joj:yf u5{ .

ufpF txsf ljsf;sf cfofh] gfx¿ ;~rfng u5{ .

:yfgLo :t/df k|;f/0f xg' ] Pkm=Pd= /l] 8of] ;~rfng u5{ .

:yfgLo hgtfnfO{ 3/hUuf wgLk'hf{ ljt/0f u5{ .

• ufpF txdf ;~rflnt ;xsf/Lsf] cg'udg ug]{ sfo{ u5{ .

kf7\ojm| d ljsf; jm] Gb,| 27 jb] fGt
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLst[ ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

• lzIff, :jf:Yo tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf u5{ .
• cfÇgf] clwsf/ If]qleq k/s] f ljleGg s/x¿ ;ªs\ ng / kl/rfng u5{ .
• JolStut 36gfx¿ h:t}ý hGd, d[To', ljjfx, a;fOF;/fO cflbsf] btf{ u/L

k|df0fkq k|bfg u5{ .
-3G6L aH5 ._ nf} t, 3G6L aHof,] ca ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No

lzIffjm} 3G6L xf] . afFsL j'm/f u'?cfdf;uF } ;f]wf}Fnf xG' g <
8fN] df M xG' 5, t wGojfb ¤
-b'j} hgf cfcfÇgf] aG] rdf uP/ a;] ._

ljm| ofsnfk

!= ufpFkflnsfn] kb| fg ug]{ ;]jfx¿sf af/]df Ps ;j+ fb tof/ u/L sIffdf
clego;lxt k:| tt' ugx{' f];\ .

@= tkfOs{F f] ufpFkflnsf jf tkfOs{F f] glhssf] ufpFkflnsfsf] kbflwsf/Lx¿sf]
gfd ljleGg ;f| t] x¿af6 ;ªs\ ng ugx{' f;] \ . To;nfO{ Pp6f rf6{ k]k/df
nV] gx' f;] \ / sIffdf 6fF:gx' f;] \ .

cEof;

!= vfnL 7fpF e/L jfSo k/" f ug'{xf];\ M

-s_ ufpFkflnsfsf] r'gfjdf ================== jif{ k/" f ePsf gful/sn] dtbfg
ug{ kfpF5g\ .

-v_ ufpFkflnsfdf sDtLdf ================== hgf ;b:ox¿ blnt jf
cNk;ªV\ os ;db' foaf6 lgjfl{ rt x'G5g\ .

-u_ j'mg} Ps ufpFkflnsfdf ^ j8f /x5] g\ eg] ToxfF sDtLdf ==================
hgf dlxnf ;b:ox¿ xG' 5g\ .

jb] fGt 28 kf7\ojm| d ljsf; jm] Gb|,
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff ;fgf]l7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

-3_ ufpFkflnsfsf] kT| os] j8fdf ================== ;b:oLo j8f
;ldltsf] lgjfr{ g xG' 5 .

-ª_ ;aeGbf yf/] } j8f ePsf] ufpFkflnsfdf ================== cf6] f j8fx¿
xG' 5g\ .

@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] ;ª\lIfKt pQ/ nV] gx' f];\ M

-s_ tkfOF{ a;fa] f; ug{] ufpFkflnsf ÷ gu/kflnsfdf slt cf6] f j8f 5g\ <
-v_ tkfO{F slt gDa/ j8fdf a:gx' 'G5 / ToxfsF f] j8f cWoIfsf] gfd j]m xf] <
-u_ tkfOF{sf] ufpkF flnsf ÷ gu/kflnsf j'mg lhNnfdf k5{ <
-3_ tkfOF{ a;f]af; ug{] k|bz] sf] gfd nV] gx' f];\ .

#= cfˆgf] ufpFkflnsfsf] gS;f ljleGg ;|f]tx¿af6 vfh] L
cfˆgf] sfkLdf ptfg{'xf];\ / rf/ l;dfgf 5'6o\ fpgx' f;] \ .

$= ufpF;ef / ufpF sfok{ flnsfdf dlxnf / blnt jf cNk;ª\Vos
;d'bfoaf6 k|ltlglwTj xg' ] u/L ;b:ox¿ lgjf{lrt lsg
ug{k' /s] f] xf]nf < cfˆgf] wf/0ff nV] g'xf];\ .

%= ufpF ;efsf] u7g k|lj|mof pNnv] ugx{' f];\ .

^= ufpF sfok{ flnsfsf] u7g s;/L xG' 5 < pNnv] ug'x{ f];\ .

&= ufpF;ef / ufpF sfok{ flnsfsf larsf] km/s 5\'6\ofpg'xf;] \ .

;fdb' flos sfo{

cfÇgf] ufpFkflnsfsf] sfof{nodf hfgx' f];\ / ToxfaF f6 k|bfg

ul/g] ;]jfx¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L lnO{ Pp6f 5f]6f] k|ltjb] g tof/

kfgx'{ f];\ .

kf7\oj|md ljsf; jm] Gb,| 29 jb] fGt
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLst[ ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

Kff7 gu/kflnsfn] kb| fg ug{]
;j] fx¿
!=$
(Services of a Municipality)

g]kfn /fHoleq /xs] f] ;x/L If]q tyf gu/fG] dv' ufpFkflnsfx¿ ;lDdlnt u/L
rf/ lsNnf tfs] L 3fi] f0ff ul/Psf] :yfgLo txnfO{ gu/kflnsf elgG5 . ljBdfg
sfgg' cg;' f/ hg;ªV\ of, ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt / ;x/L k"jfw{ f/x¿sf cfwf/df
gu/kflnsfsf] 3fi] f0ff ul/G5 . xfdf| ] b]zsf] ljBdfg sfgg' cg;' f/ gu/kflnsfnfO{
gu/kflnsf, pkdxfgu/kflnsf / dxfgu/kflnsf u/L tLg txdf juLs{ /0f
ul/Psf] 5 . xfn gk] fndf @&^ cf6] f gu/kflnsf, !! cf]6f pkdxfgu/kflnsf /
^ cf6] f dxfgu/kflnsf /x]sf 5g\ . ljBdfg sfg'gcg';f/ gu/kflnsfsf] juL{s/0fsf
jm] xL d'Vo cfwf/x¿ o; ks| f/ 5g\ M

jb] fGt 30 kf7o\ j|md ljsf; j]mGb,|
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff ;fgfl] 7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLs[t

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

g]kfndf gu/kflnsfsf] juL{s/0fsf d'Vo cfwf/x¿

-:yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g @)&$ sf cfwf/df_

gu/kflnsfsf] tx ÷ gu/kflnsf pkdxfgu/kflnsf dxfgu/kflnsf
juL{s/0fsf] cfwf/

hg;ª\Vof lxdfnL @,)),))) :yfoL %,)),))) :yfoL
• lhNnfsf] lxdfnL afl;Gbf ePsf,] afl;Gbf ePsf],
• If]qdf sDtLdf
• !),))), kl5Nnf] kfrF
• jifs{ f] cf};t jflif{s
lxdfnL cfGtl/s cfo
jflif{s lhNnfsf] kxf8L Ifq] sDtLdf Ps ca{
cfDbfgL tyf kxf8L lhNnfdf ePsf] .
sDtLdf $),))),

leqL dw]zsf
lhNnfdf sDtLdf
%),))),

t/fO{sf lhNnfdf
sDtLdf &%,))) /

sf7df8f+F} pkTosf
leqsf lhNnfdf
sDtLdf !)),)))
:yfoL afl;Gbf ePsf,]

kl5Nnf] kfFr jif{sf] cf;} t kl5Nnf] kfrF
jflif{s cfGtl/s cfo jif{sf] cf};t jflifs{
lxdfnL If]qdf eP sDtLdf cfGtl/s cfo sDtLdf
Ps s/f8] ?k}ofF / cGo klRr; s/f]8 ¿k}ofF
lhNnfdf eP sDtLdf tLg ePsf] .
s/f8] ?k}ofF .

kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; jm] Gb,| 31 jb] fGt
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLst[ ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

;'ljwfx¿ ljBt' ,\ vfg]kfgL, ;8s ljB't,\ ljB't\, vfg]kfgL,
/ ;~rf/sf] ;'ljwf vfg]kfgL, ;8s / ;8s / ;~rf/sf]
ePsf], ;fj{hlgs pBfg ;~rf/sf] ;'ljwfnufot ;l' jwfnufot
/ gu/ ;efux[ Joj:yfkg k|d'v ;8s, zfvf kd| 'v ;8s,
ePsf] cw{ ;x/L If]q ;8s, cGt/f{li6o« zfvf ;8s,
x'g'k5{ . sfo{jm| dsf nflu cGt/ff{li6o« v]nSm' b
;fdfGo Joj:yf sfoj{ m| dsf nflu
ePsf] / klxn] g} ;fdfGo Joj:yf
gu/kflnsf ePsf], :jf:Yo
eO;jm] sf] xg' 'k5{ . Ifq] df ljlzi6
k|j[mltsf] ;j] f
pknAw ePsf],
pRr lzIffsf
nflu ljleGg
ljifox¿df kofK{ t
cj;/ ePsf],
Pp6f ljZjljBfno
:yfkgf eO;Jfm] sf] /
pkdxfgu/kflnsf
eO;Jf]msf] x'gk' 5{ .

j]bfGt 32 kf7o\ j|md ljsf; jm] Gb,|
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff ;fgfl] 7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLst[

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

-s_ gu/;efsf] u7g

ufpkF flnsfsf] ufp;F ef h:t} gu/kflnsfdf gu/;ef x'G5 . gu/;efdf lgjf{lrt
;b:o aGg ;DalGwt gu/kflnsfdf a;f]af; u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . ;ª3\ Lo sfgg' df
Joj:yf ePadf]lhd dtbfg ug{] clwsf/ kf| Kt JolStx¿åf/f k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf
¿kdf lgjf{lrt ;b:ox¿ /xG5g\ . gu/;efsf] ;/+ rgf lgDgfg;' f/ xG' 5 M

gu/;efsf] u7g

!= gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf kd| 'v (Mayor) ! hgf

@= gu/ sfok{ flnsfsf pkkd| v' (Deputy Mayor) ! hgf

#= k|Tos] j8faf6 lgjfl{ rt ;a} j8fsf cWoIfx¿ j8fsf ;ª\Vofcg';f/

$= k|To]s j8faf6 b'O{ hgf dlxnf;lxt $ hgf j8fsf] ;ª\Vofcg';f/

j8f ;b:ox¿

%= gu/;efsf nflu lgjfl{ rt x'gsf nflu ofU] otf ePsf blnt jf

cNk;ªV\ os ;db' foaf6 gu/;efn] lgjfl{ rt u/s] f ;b:ox¿ # hgf .

-ljBdfg sfg'gcg;' f/ gu/kflnsfdf j8fsf] ;ªV\ of ( bl] v #% ;Dd
x'g] Joj:yf 5 .

-v_ gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] u7g

g]kfnsf] ;l+ jwfgn] kT| o]s gu/kflnsfdf Ps gu/ sfok{ flnsf /xg] Joj:yf
u/s] f] 5 . o;sf] u7g kl| jm| of o;k|sf/ /xs] f] 5 M

• gu/kflnsfsf kd| 'v – ! hgf
• gu/kflnsfsf pkkd| v' – ! hgf
• kT| os] j8faf6 lgjfl{ rt ;a} j8fsf cWoIfx¿

kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; j]mGb,| 33 jb] fGt
;fgf]l7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLst[ ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

• gu/;efsf] clGtd kl/0ffd k|fKt ePsf] kGw| lbgleq gu/;efsf
;b:ox¿n] cfkm" x¿dWo]af6 lgjf{lrt u/s] f kfFr hgf dlxnf ;b:o /

• gu/;efsf] jm' g} klg kbsf nflu of]Uotf k'u]sf] blnt jf cNk;ªV\ os
;d'bfoaf6 gu/;efn] lgjf{lrt u/s] f] # hgf ;b:o .

gu/kflnsfleqsf] sfo{kflnsf;DaGwL sfox{ ¿ ug{sf nflu ul7t gu/
sfok{ flnsfsf k|dv' , pkk|dv' , j8f cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] kbfjlw lgjfr{ g
ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jifs{ f] x'g] 5 .

gu/kflnsfn] kb| fg ug]{ ;]jf ;l' jwfx¿

• vfg]kfgL / 9n lgsf;sf of]hgfx¿ ;~rfng / ddt{ ;Def/,
• • ljleGg 7fpFdf ;fj{hlgs zfr} fnosf] Joj:yf,
• • jftfj/0fLo ;/+ If0f sfox{ ¿df ;xofu] ,
• • lah'nL pTkfbg / ljt/0f,
• • gu/kflnsf If]qleq ;~rflnt ljBfnox¿sf] ;~rfng / Joj:yfkgdf

;xofu] ,
• • gu/kflnsf :t/sf] v]n ljsf; ;ldlt u7g u/L v]nsf] ljsf;,
• • gu/kflnsf If]qleq ;f+:jm[ lts / wfld{s dxŒjsf :yfgx¿sf] ;"rL tof/

u/L dd{t, ;/+ If0f / kj| w{g,
• • gu/kflnsf Ifq] df j'm6L/, ;fgf / demf}nf pBfu] x¿sf] k|jw{g,
• • gu/kflnsf If]qleq kf| j[mlts, ;f:+ jm[ lts / ko6{ s w/fx] /sf] ;/+ If0f, ;j+ w{g,

lj:tf/ / pkof]u,
• • c;xfo JolSt / 6'x/' f afnaflnsfx¿sf nflu cgfyfnosf] ka| Gw,
• • dlxnf / afnaflnsfsf] sNof0f;DaGwL sfoj{ m| dx¿ ;~rfng,

j]bfGt 34 kf7\ojm| d ljsf; jm] Gb,|
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff ;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLs[t

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

• • gu/kflnsf Ifq] df c:ktfn, cfo'j]l{ bs cf}ifwfno / :jf:Yo jm] Gbx| ¿,
:jf:Yo rfs} Lx¿ / pk:jf:Yo rfs} Lx¿ vfN] g] / k|aGw ug{],

• • dxfdf/L / ;ª\jm| fds /fu] x¿sf] /fs] yfdsf nflu cfjZos Joj:yf,
• • gu/kflnsf If]qleq cfjZos kg]{ ;8s, kn' cflbsf] lgdf{0f / dd{t ;Def/,
• • gu/kflnsf If]qdf a;kfjm{ / cGo ;jf/L kflj{mª :yfgx¿sf] Joj:yf,
• • JolStut 36gfx¿ btf{ u/L k|df0fkq kb| fg .

lj|mofsnfk

!= gu/kflnsfn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfx¿ pNn]v ub{} Pp6f sljtf jf uLt
tof/ u/L sIffdf k:| t't ug{x' f;] \ .

@= tkfOs{F f] gu/kflnsf jf tkfOF{sf] glhssf] gu/kflnsfsf
kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] gfd ljleGg ;f| t] x¿af6 ;ªs\ ng u/L Pp6f rf6{
k]k/df n]Vg'xf];\ / sIffdf 6f:F g'xf;] \ .

kf7\ojm| d ljsf; j]mGb|, 35 jb] fGt
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLst[ ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

cEof;

!= tnsf jfSox¿ l7s eP l7s -√_ lrGx / a]l7s eP -×_ a]l7s
lrGx nufpgx' f;] \ M

-s_ gk] fndf xfn pkdxfgu/kflnsf / dxfgu/kflnsf;lxt @(# cf6] f
gu/kflnsfx¿ 5g\ .

-v_ gu/kflnsfn] gu/ If]qleqsf ;xsf/Lx¿sf] cg'udg ug]{ sfd u5{ .
-u_ jm' g} Ps gu/kflnsfdf !^ cf]6f j8f /x]5g\ eg] pSt

gu/klnsfsf] gu/;efdf sDtLdf #@ hgf dlxnf ;b:ox¿ x'G5g\ .
-3_ gu/kflnsfsf] kT| o]s j8fdf % ;b:oLo j8f ;ldlt lgjf{lrt x'G5g\ .
-ª_ ;aeGbf w]/} j8f ePsf] gu/kflnsfdf ## cf]6f j8fx¿ xG' 5g\ .

@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] ;ªl\ IfKt pQ/ n]Vg'xf;] \ M

-s_ tkfOF{sf] gu/kflnsfdf slt cf6] f j8f 5g\ <
-v_ tkfO{F jm' g j8fdf a:gx' 'G5 < cfÇgf] j8f cWoIfsf] gfd nV] g'xf;] \ .
-u_ cfk"m a;s] f] gu/kflnsfsf] rf/ l;dfgf k|:6 bl] vg] u/L Pp6f gS;f

sf]g'x{ f];\ / dV' o d'Vo Ifq] x¿ b]vfpgx' f;] \ .
-3_ gu/;efsf] u7g k|lj|mof pNnv] ugx'{ f];\ .
-ª_ gu/ sfok{ flnsfsf] u7g s;/L x'G5 < pNnv] ug{'xf;] \ .

;fd'bflos sfo{

cfÇgf] gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{nodf hfgx' f;] \ / ToxfFaf6 kb| fg ul/g]
;j] fx¿sf af/d] f hfgsf/L lnO{ Ps kl| tjb] g tof/ kfgx{' f;] \ .

j]bfGt 36 kf7\oj|md ljsf; j]mGb,|
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff ;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLst[

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

Kff7 :yfgLo txdf ljsf; sfox{ ¿
!=% (Development Activities at Local Level)

/flwsf ltjf/L Pp6f ;x/f]Gdv' ufpFsf] ljBfnodf ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjdN" o lzIff ljifo k9fpgx' 'G5 . pxfFsf] ljBfno ufpF / ;x/ bj' }sf] glhs
k5{ . To;}n] pxfFsf] ljBfnodf ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfdf a:g] ljBfyLx{ ¿
cWoog u5{g\ . cfhsf] sIffdf pxfFn] sIff ^ sf] …:yfgLo txdf ljsf; sfox{ ¿
eGg] kf7 ;xhLs/0f ub}{ x'g'xG' 5 . pxfnF ] cl3Nnf] lbgsf] sIffdf ufpFkflnsf /
gu/kflnsfsf ljBfyL{x¿sf] 56' 6\ f5'66\ } ;dx" agfpge' Psf] lyof] . ;dx" df
ljeflht ljBfyLn{ fO{ cfcfÇgf] :yfgLo txdf ePsf ljsf; sfo{x¿sf] ;r" L tof/
kfg{ nufpge' Psf] lyof] . cfhsf] sIffdf pxfnF ] ki[ 7el" ddf jm] xL jm' /f /fVb} k|Tos]
;dx" sf ;dx" gt] fnfO{ kfnk} fnf] sIffdf k:| t't ug{ nufpg'eof] .

o; kf7df pxfnF ] ki[ 7e"lddf eGge' Psf j]mxL j'm/fx¿ / b'O{ hgf ljBfyLs{ f] k|:tl' tnfO{
pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf /flvPsf] 5 .

lzIfs M gd:sf/ efOalxgLx¿¤ xfdLn] cl3Nnf] lbgsf] sIffdf xfd|f] :yfgLo
txcGtu{tsf ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfdf ePsf ljsf; sfox{ ¿af/]df
5nkmn u¥of}F . xfdLn] dxŒjk0" f{ sfox{ ¿sf] ;"rL tof/ ul/;j]msf 5f}F . j'mg}
klg :yfgLo txdf ePsf ljsf;sf sfo{x¿n] ;du| bz] j}m ljsf;df ;xof]u
k¥' ofp5F g\ . xfdLn] cl3Nnf kf7x¿df ufpkF flnsf / gu/kflnsfn] kb| fg ug{]
;j] fx¿sf af/]df rrf{ ul/;j]msf 5f}F . ltg} ;]jfx¿ hgtfdf kb| fg ug{
:yfgLo txx¿n] ;a} hfthflt, ;db' fo / lj1x¿nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpF5g\ .
ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] cfofh] gf 5gf6] u/L ljsf; lgdf0{ fsf] sfd ;DkGg u5{g\ .
:yfgLo :t/sf ;8s lgdf0{ f, lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;~rf/ cflbsf] ljsf; :yfgLo
txn] u5{g\ . cfÇgf] Ifq] leqsf ;ª3\ ;:+ yfx¿sf] lg/LIf0f, ljkt\ Joj:yfkg

kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; j]mGb,| 37 j]bfGt
;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLs[t ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

cflb sfox{ ¿ klg :yfgLo txn] g} u5{g\ . lxhf] 5nkmn ul/Psf] :yfgLo
txdf ePsf ljsf; sfo{x¿ kfnk} fnf] ;dx" g]tfnfO{ k:| tt' ug{ d cfux| u5,'{
wGojfb ¤

ljj]s u'?ª

gd:sf/¤ ;a} hgfnfO,{ d ljjs] u'?ª . xfdf| ] ufpkF flnsfdf a;fa] f;
ug]{ ;fyLx¿sf tk{maf6 oxfF ePsf ljsf; sfo{x¿sf] ;"rL k:| t't ug]{ cgd' lt
rfxG5' .

kl/ro M

xfdf| ] ufpFkflnsfsf] gfd df5fkR' 5]« ufpkF flnsf xf] . of] u08sL kb| ]zcGtu{t sf:sL
lhNnfdf k5{ . of] ;db' | ;txaf6 Gog" td !)@^ ld6/ prfOb]lv clwstd ^((*
ld6/ prfO;Dd pQ/blIf0f k}mlnP/ /xs] f] 5 . xfdf| ] ufpkF flnsf df5fk'R5]« / cGgk"0f{
lxdfnsf] blIf0fL sfvdf cjl:yt 5 . xfdf| ] ufpFkflnsfsf] gfd o;} ufpFkflnsf
leq kg]{ df5fk'R5«] lxdfnsf] gfdaf6 gfds/0f ePsf] xf] . o;sf] jm' n Ifq] kmn
%$$=%* ju{ ls=ld= /x]sf] 5 . of] ufpkF flnsf *#° $#’ kj" L{ b]zfGt/b]lv *#° (@’
k"jL{ bz] fGt/;Dd / @*° !*’ pQ/L cIffz+ b]lv @*° #(’ pQ/L cIff+z;Dd k}mlnPsf]
5 . ;flassf cf7 cf6] f ufpF ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ ldnfP/ of] ufpkF flnsf ag]sf] xf] .
o; ufpkF flnsfsf] k"jd{ f dfbL ufpFkflnsf, klZrddf cGgk0" f{ ufpkF flnsf, pQ/df
dgfª lhNnf / blIf0fdf kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsf / cGgk"0f{ ufpkF flnsf /xs] f 5g\ .

æxfdf| ] ljsf; xfdL cfk}mF n] ug{k' 5{ .Æ eGg] egfOnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub{} ljleGg
ljsf;sf sfo{x¿ ePsf 5g\ . ufpFkflnsfsf kbflwsf/Lx¿, sdr{ f/Lx¿ /
:yfgLojf;Lx¿sf] ;lj|mo ;xeflutfdf xfd|f] ufpkF flnsfdf ljleGg ljsf;sf
sfo{x¿ ePsf 5g\ . tLdWo] jm] xL lgDg ks| f/ 5g\ M

jb] fGt 38 kf7o\ j|md ljsf; j]mGb|,
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff ;fgfl] 7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLst[

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

ljleGg j8fdf ;fd'bflos ejgx¿sf] lgdf{0f ePsf],

j8f gDa/ ( sf] j8f sfofn{ o lgdf{0f eO{ j8fsf sfdx¿ ToxL ejgaf6
;~rfng ePsf],

• l9kL afnljsf; jm] Gb|sf] :yfkgf eO{ afnaflnsfx¿sf] k7gkf7g ;?' ePsf,]

• uf}/Lzª\s/ dlgnfn df=lj= df $÷$ sf]7fsf] ejg lgdf{0f ePsf,]

• ljleGg :yfgLo vfn] fx¿df emf]n'ªu\ ] k'nx¿ lgDff0{ f ePsf,]

• tftf]kfgLdf df]6/ rNg] kSsL kn' sf] lgdf0{ f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf],

• gbLsf] s6fgaf6 aRg jI[ f/fk] 0f sfoj{ |md ;~rfng ePsf] .

dfly pNnv] ul/Psf ljsf; sfox{ ¿afxs] klg w]/} sfdx¿ eO/x]sf 5g\ . j'mg}
;DkGg x'g] cj:yfdf 5g\ eg] j'mgs} f] lgdf{0f sfo{ x'bF } 5g\ . wGojfb ¤

zld{nf yfkf M

gd:sf/¤ ;a} hgfnfO{ d zldn{ f yfkf . xfdf| ] j8fdf a;f]af; ug{] ;fyLx¿sf tkm{ af6
xfdf| ] kfv] /f dxfgu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ !^ df ePsf ljsf; sfo{x¿sf] ljj/0f
lnP/ pkl:yt ePsL 5' .

j8fsf] kl/ro M

xfd|f] j8f kf]v/f ahf/sf] pQ/L Ifq] df cjl:yt 5 . o; j8fdf nfdfrf}/, af6'n]rf}/,
bLk, ;'Gb/lkm8 cflb If]qx¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . o;sf] k"j{df o;} dxfgu/kflnsfsf]
j8f gDa/ @) / blIf0fdf !, !!, !* / @% j8fx¿ k5g{ \ . pQ/ / klZrddf j8f
gDa/ !( / dfbL ufpFkflnsf k5g{ \ . xfdf| ] j8f kfv] /f dxfgu/kflnsfj}m kf| j[mlts
;'Gb/tfn] el/k"0f{ j8f xf] . ;t] L gbL, sfnL vfn] f, j]m= cfO{= l;x+ k'n, dbg
cfl>t kfj{m cflb o; j8fsf ko6{ sLo Ifq] xg' \ . uk' mf g} u'kmfsf] ;x/ eg]/ lrlgg]

kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; j]mGb|, 39 jb] fGt
;fgf]l7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLst[ ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

kfv] /fsf clwsfz+ u'kmfx¿ o; j8fdf cjl:yt 5g\ . dx]Gb| uk' mf / rd/] ] uk' mf
h:tf ax'rlr{t uk' mfx¿ o;} j8fdf k5g{ \ .

xfn;fn} j8fdf ePsf ljsf; sfox{ ¿ M

j8fsf kbflwsf/Lx¿, sd{rf/Lx¿ / :yfgLojf;Lx¿sf] ;lj|mo ;xeflutfdf
xfdf| ] j8fdf ljleGg ljsf; sfo{x¿ ePsf 5g\ . jm] xLsf] lgdf0{ fsf sfdx¿
eO/xs] f 5g\ . tLdWo] j]mxL lgDg k|sf/ 5g\ M

• jm] = cfO{= l;x+ k'nb]lv ;'Gb/lkm8;Ddsf] af6f] km/flsnf] kfg{] sfd k"/f
ePsf] 5 . af6f] km/flsnf] kfg{] jm| ddf To;sf] 5]p5fpsf] gfnfsf] klg :t/
pGglt ePsf] 5 .

• ;/:jtL cfwf/e"t ljBfno / ljGWojfl;gL df= lj= df ljBfnosf]
k|ofh] gsf nflu yk ejgx¿ lgdf0{ f ePsf 5g\ .

• Uff/] jm' gfdf Pp6f df6] / rNg] kSsL kn' sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

• j8fsf] rft} kmL{ ljsf;sf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, oftfoft tyf ko{6gsf Ifq] df
ljleGg sfo{jm| dx¿ ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ .

• sf]/fg] f efO/; -sf]le8 –!(_sf] dxfdf/Ldf j8fsf kbflwsf/Lx¿,
sdr{ f/Lx¿ / :yfgLojf;Lx¿sf] ;lj|motfdf j8fdf :jf:Yo ;/' Iffsf nlfu
ljleGg sfdx¿ ePsf 5g\ .

oxfF xfdLn] b]vs] f / cg'et" u/s] f ljsf; sfo{x¿sf] pNn]v u/]sf 5fF} .
o;afxs] klg w]/} sfdx¿ of]hgfa4 ¿kdf eO/xs] f 5g\ xfn] f . vfg]kfgL, af6f3] f6f,]
9n, j'mn];f], kfj{m, ;fj{hlgs zfr} fno cflbsf] lgdf{0f u/L xfdf| ] a:tLnfO{
Jojl:yt agfpg :yfgLo lgsfosf] dxŒjk0" f{ e"ldsf /xG5 . To;} u/L le/kfvf
tyf gbLsf] s6fg x'g] Ifq] df jI[ f/fk] 0f ug]{ sfddf :yfgLo lgsfo ;w}F ;lj|mo /
xG5 . hyfefaL ?v sf6\g] tyf lu6L / afnj' f lgsfNg] sfddf o;n] lgoGq0f

jb] fGt 40 kf7\oj|md ljsf; j]mGb,|
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff ;fgf]l7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

u5{ . o;af/]df kl5 jm' g} ;dodf
j8f sfofn{ odf uO{ ae' ]m/ oxfFx¿nfO{
hfgsf/L u/fpg] k|lta4tf JoSt u5f{F} .

cGTodf, xfdLnfO{ ;d"x sfo{df
;ljm| o u/fO{ ;d"xsf] lgisif{ k|:t't
ug]{ dfs} f lbg'ePsfdf u'?cfdfkl| t
cfef/L 5f}F . cfufdL lbgdf klg
o:tf] sfoj{ m| d xg' ] ck]Iff u5fF}{ . ;fy} ;a} ;fyLx¿nfO{ xfdf| ] jm' /f Wofgkj" {s
;'lglbge' Psfdf oxfxF ¿k|lt cfef/ JoSt u5f{}F . wGojfb ¤

ljm| ofsnfk

!= kf7df h:t}] sIffsf ;fyLx¿ :yfgLo tx jf j8fcg;' f/ 5'66\ f5'66\ }
;dx" df ljeflht xg' x' f];\ . kT| os] ;dx" n] cfcfÇgf] :yfgLo
txsf] kl/ro;lxt ToxfF cfk"mn] bv] ]sf xfn;fn} ePsf ljsf; lgdf0{ fsf
sfo{x¿sf] ;r" L agfO{ sIffdf k|:tt' ug{x' f];\ .

@= tkfOFs{ f] ufpFkflnsf ÷ gu/kflnsfn] u/s] f /fdf| sfdx¿sf] k|z+;f
ub}{ Pp6f sljtf jf uLt tof/ kfg'{xf];\ / sIffdf k:| t't ug'{xf;] \ .

kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; j]mGb|, 41 j]bfGt
;fgf]l7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

cEof;

!= tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf pko'St zAb egx{' f;] \ M

-s_ df5fkR' 5«] ufpkF flnsfsf] Ifq] kmn ====================== ju{ ls= ld=
/xs] f] 5 .

-v_ d/] f] ufpFkflnsf ÷ gu/kflnsf ====================== xf] .
-u_ d/] f] ufpkF flnsf ÷ gu/kflnsfdf ====================== cf6] f j8fx¿ 5g\ .
-3_ sf/] fg] f efO/; -sf]le8 –!(_ sf] dxfdf/Lsf] ;dodf j8fdf :jf:Yo

====================== nflu ljleGg sfdx¿ ePsf 5g\ .
@= æxfd|f] 7fpsF f] ljsf; xfdL cfkF}mn] ugk'{ 5{ .Æ o; egfOnfO{ JofVof

ugx'{ f];\ .
#= xfdLnfO{ ljsf; lsg rflxG5 < ljsf;sf kmfObfx¿ pNnv]

ug{'xf;] \ .
$= tkfOs{F f] ufpkF flnsf ÷ gu/kflnsfdf ePsf ljsf;

sfo{x¿n] ;dfhdf kf/s] f] k|efjsf af/]df 5f]6s/Ldf n]Vgx' f;] \ .

;fd'bflos sfo{

tkfOFs{ f] ;d'bfosf] jm' g} % hgf dflg;x¿nfO{ e6] L :yfgLo
txn] u/]sf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfdx¿sf] ;db' fodf k/s] f] ke| fjsf af/d] f
j'm/fsfgL ugx{' f;] \ . pxfFx¿sf] efjgfnfO{ ;d6] L ‘:yfgLo txn] u/s] f
ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{n] ;d'bfodf kf/s] f] ke| fj’ eGg] zLif{sdf Ps
kl| tjb] g tof/ kfg'x{ f;] \ .

jb] fGt 42 kf7\ojm| d ljsf; j]mGb,|
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff ;fgfl] 7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

Kff7 ljsf;sf kj" f{wf/x¿
!=^ (Infrastructures of Development)

JolSt, kl/jf/, ;d'bfo, ;dfh cflbdf cfPsf] ;sf/fTds tyf ku| ltdn" s
kl/jtg{ g} ljsf; xf] . o; cy{df ljsf; pGglt / k|ult xf] . ;dfhsf ljljw
kIfx¿ jt{dfg cj:yfaf6 cem /fdf| ] cj:yflt/ pGd'v xg' ' g} ljsf; xf] . j'mg} vf;
JolSt, ;db' fo, ;dfhdf ePsf] ljsf;nfO{ ;dud| f ljsf; dflgFb}g . ljsf; xg' sf
nflu /fi6s« f ;Dk"0f{ JolStx¿sf] hLjgdf ;sf/fTds kl/jtg{ cfPsf] xg' 'k5{ .

bz] sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs

kIfsf] ljsf;sf nflu ljleGg

;|ft] / ;fwgsf] cfjZostf k5{ .

o:tf ;|ft] ;fwgsf] ljsf;sf lglDt

lzIff, :jf:Yo, oftfoft, ;~rf/,

vfg]kfgL, ljBt' \ cflbsf] ljsf; xg' k' 5{

. ljsf;sf nflu cTofjZos log}

tŒjx¿nfO{ ljsf;sf k"jfw{ f/ elgG5 ljB't\ pTkfbg jm] Gb|
. ljsf;sf kj" f{wf/x¿sf] ;Gtl' nt

ljsf; ug{ ;jm] dfq bz] / ;dfhsf] ljsf; x'G5 .

ljsf;sf kj" f{wf/x¿sf] dxŒj

(Importance of Infrastructures of Development)

ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos kg{] cfwf/et" ;]jf / ;l' jwfx¿ g} ljsf;sf k"jfw{ f/
xg' \ . ;dfh / bz] sf] ljsf;sf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;~rf/, oftfoft,

kf7\ojm| d ljsf; jm] Gb|, 43 j]bfGt
;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLs[t ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

ljBt' ,\ vfgk] fgL cflb ljsf;sf kj" fw{ f/x¿ x'g\ . ljleGg efl} ts / ;fdflhs
kIfsf] ljsf;sf nflu pknAw ;f| ]t;fwgsf] pkofu] af6 /fh] uf/ l;hg{ f u/L
kj" fw{ f/x¿sf] ljsf; ug{k' 5{ . k"jfw{ f/x¿sf] ljsf;n] b]zsf ljleGg efl} ts tyf
;fdflhs kIfx¿sf] ljsf; u5{ . bz] df pknAw ;|f]t ;fwgsf] pkof]u u/L /f]huf/L
l;hg{ f ug{ k"jfw{ f/sf] ljsf; cfjZos x'G5 . ljleGg cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k/" f
ug{ ljsf;sf kj" fw{ f/x¿sf] ljsf; xg' k' 5{ . To;n} ] oL kj" f{wf/x¿ cToGt} dxŒjk"0f{
5g\ . ljsf;sf k"jfw{ f/x¿sf] dxŒjnfO{ lgDg aFb' fdf k:| 6 kfg{ ;lsG5 M

• ljsf;sf k"jfw{ f/x¿n] ljsf; lgdf0{ fdf sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ ;3fp kU' 5 .

ljsf;sf] ;Gt'lnt lj:tf/ ug{ k"jfw{ f/x¿n] ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5g\ .

ljsf;sf kj" f{wf/x¿n] ef}lts, ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf ljljw
kIfx¿sf] PsLj[mt ;~rfng / sfofG{ jogsf nflu cfwf/ tof/ u5g{ \ .

kj" fw{ f/sf] ljsf;n] dflg;sf] bIftfdf j[l4 u/fp5F .

k"jfw{ f/x¿n] ljsf;sf sfo{jm| dx¿nfO{ of]hgfa4 tl/sfn] cufl8 a9fpg
;xof]u u5{g\ .

ljsf;sf k"jfw{ f/x¿sf] ljsf;n] b]zsf] rft} kmL{ ljsf;df ;xof]u kU' 5 .

oftfoft / ;~rf/ h:tf k"jfw{ f/x¿sf] ljsf;n] pBfu] / Jofkf/ ;~rfngdf
;xofu] u5{ .

lzIffsf] ljsf;n] dflg;df rt] gf clejl[ 4 eO{ rl/qjfg,\ g}ltsjfg,\
cgz' fl;t, pBdzLn tyf :jfjnDaL aGg ;3fp k¥' ofp5F . o;af6 ljleGg
If]qsf] ljsf;df hgzlSt kf| Kt ug{ ;lsG5 .

k"jfw{ f/x¿sf] ljsf;n] ubf{ :yfgLo pTkfbgx¿n] ahf/ kfpg ;S5g\ .

gk] fndf kj" f{wf/x¿sf] ljsf; ;f]r]cg¿' k xg' ;jm] sf] 5g} .
oxfsF f] efu} f]lns hl6ntfn] efl} ts kj" f{wf/ lgdf{0fdf ;d:of ePsf] 5 . l:y/

j]bfGt 44 kf7o\ j|md ljsf; jm] Gb,|
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff ;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLst[

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

;/sf/sf] cefjn] klg k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df c;/ k'u]sf] 5 . kf| jm[ lts ks| f]kn] kj" fw{ f/
ljsf;df Iflt k'u]sf] kfOG5 . hg;xeflutfsf] cefj, bIf hgzlStsf] cefj,
k'FhLsf] cefj, k|ljlwsf] ljsf; gxg' ' cflbn] kj" fw{ f/x¿sf] ljsf; gePsf] xf] .
kj" fw{ f/x¿sf] ljsf;df cfPsf ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfgsf nflu lgDg pkfox¿
cKfgfpg ;lsG5 M

• of]hgfa4 tj/n] kj" f{wf/x¿sf] ljsf; ug,{]
kj" f{wf/x¿sf] ljsf;df hg;xeflutf a9fpFb} n}hfg],
b]zdf /fhgLlts l:y/tf sfod ug],{
Jofj;flos, l;kdn" s tyf u0' f:t/Lo lzIffsf] ljsf; u/L bIf

hgzlStsf] ljsf; ug{] .

lj|mofsnfk

!= tkfO{Fsf] If]qdf kfFr jif{ klxn]sf] / clxns] f] ljsf;sf
k"jf{wf/x¿sf] cj:yf tn' gf u/L tnsf] tflnsfdf nV] g'xf;] \ / sIffdf
;g' fpg'xf;] \ M

k"jfw{ f/x¿ kfFr jif{ klxns] f] cj:yf clxns] f] cj:yf
vfgk] fgL
ljB't\
oftfoft
;~rf/
lzIff
:jf:Yo

kf7\oj|md ljsf; jm] Gb|, 45 jb] fGt
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

@= tkfO{Fsf] Ifq] df tTsfn} ljsf; ug{'kg{] k"jfw{ f/x¿sf] k|fyldstfsf
cfwf/df ;"rL agfO{ sIffdf 5nkmn ug{x' f];\ .

cEof;

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] ;ª\lIfKt pQ/ n]Vg'xf;] \ M

-s_ ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/ eg]sf] j]m xf<] cfÇg} zAbdf n]Vg'xf];\ .
-v_ ljsf; eg]sf] j]m xf] <
-u_ gk] fndf k"jfw{ f/sf] ljsf; gx'gs' f] jm' g} sf/0f n]Vg'xf;] \ .
-3_ tkfO“s{ f] jl/kl/ lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] j'mg} Ps ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/sf] gfd

n]Vgx' f;] \ .

@= ljsf;sf k"jfw{ f/x¿sf] dxŒjaf/] k|sfz kfg{'xf;] \ .

#= xfdf| ] b]zdf kj" f{wf/x¿sf] ljsf; ;Gtf]ifhgs gxg' 'sf sf/0f
jm] jm] xg' <\ pNnv] ug{x' f;] \ .

$= tkfO{s“F f] :yfgLo :t/df kj" f{wf/x¿sf] ljsf;df
tkfO{“Fsf] s:tf] e"ldsf /xG5< n]Vg'xf];\ .

%= bz] df k"jfw{ f/x¿sf] ljsf; xg' g;Sbf hgtfn] efU] g'kg]{
;d:ofx¿ pNn]v ug{x' f;] \ .

j]bfGt 46 kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; jm] Gb,|
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff ;fgf]l7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t

PsfO j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

2 xfdf| dfgjd"No, dfGotf

(Our Human Values)

kf7\ojm| d ljsf; jm] Gb|, 47 jb] fGt
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLs[t ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

PsfO kl/ro M

‘xfd|f dfgjdN" o, dfGotf ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff ljifosf] gf} cf]6f
PsfOx¿dWo] Ps dxŒjk"0f{ PsfO xf] . o; PsfOdf dfgjd"No tyf dfGotf;Fu
;DalGwt ljifoj:tx' ¿ ;dfjz] ul/Psf 5g\ . o;df cfTdcgz' f;g, ;fdflhs
Jojxf/, xfdf| rf8kj{x¿, xfdf| ] klxrfg M xfdf| ] uf}/j, xfdf| wflds{ tyf ;f+:j[mlts
;Dkbf, afnSna / :sfp6, xfdf| /fli6o« JolStTjx¿;DaGwL ljifoj:t'x¿ ;dfjz]
ul/Psf 5g\ .

dfly plNnlvt ljifoj:t'dfk{mt dfgjdN" o dfGotfsf af/]df k:| 6 xg' ] 5 .
cfTdcg'zf;gsf ljljw kIfx¿ h:t}ý dof{lbt Jojxf/, ;Tolgi7f, ;Tsd,{ ;+oldt
Pjd\ ;Eo cfr/0f cflbsf af/]df rrf{ ul/g] 5 . ;dfhdf ;sf/fTds k|efj
kfg{] ;fdflhs Jojxf/x¿ / xfdLn] dgfpbF } cfPsf rf8kjx{ ¿sf af/]df 5nkmn
ul/g] 5 . afnSna / :sfp6 h:tf ;fdflhs ;ª\3;+:yfx¿sf ultljlwx¿sf
af/]df hfgsf/L lnO{ To:tf ;ª\3;+:yfsf sfo{jm| dx¿df ;xefuL x'g] pTk|/] 0ff kf| Kt
ug]{ 5g\ . To;} u/L hok[YjLaxfb/' l;x+ / vuG] ba| xfb/' a:g]t h:tf /fli6o«
JolStTjx¿sf] ofu] bfgsf af/d] f cWoog ul/g] 5 . pgLx¿sf] of]ubfgaf6
l;sf?x¿n] ;dfh;j] fdf nfUg] k]/| 0ff kf| Kt ug]{ 5g\ .

o; PsfOsf] cGTodf ljBfyLx{ ¿n] lgDg l;sfO pknlAwx¿ xfl;n ug{] 5g\ M

cfTdcg'zf;g / ;fdflhs Jojxf/sf] kfngf ug,{
ljleGg ks| f/sf rf8kjx{ ¿sf] dxŒj afw] u/L ;Ddfg ug,{
/fli6o« uf]/} jsf cfwf/x¿sf] klxrfg u/L ;fc] g¿' k cfr/0f ug,{
ljleGg ;f+:jm[ lts tyf wfld{s ;Dkbf :ynx¿sf] klxrfg u/L o;sf] dxŒj /

;+/If0fsf pkfox¿ atfpg,
gk] fnsf k]/| 0ffbfos /fli6o« JolStTjx¿sf] vfh] L u/L ;Ddfg ug{ / pgLx¿sf] sfdaf6

k]|/0ff lng,
rl/q lgdf0{ fdf afnSna, :sfp6sf] el" dsf klxrfg tyf cEof; ug{ .

jb] fGt 48 kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; jm] Gb,|
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff ;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/åf/f :jLs[t

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

Kff7 cfTdcgz' f;g
@=! (Self-discipline)

;kmntf c;kmntf

cfTd cfTd

v';L cg'zf;g kl| ti7f tgfj cg'zf;g 30[ ff
x“'bf gx'“bf

;sf/fTds g/fd|f]
ljrf/ ljrf/

cgz' f;g lgwf{l/t cfr/0f cyf{t\ tf]lsPsf] lgodcg;' f/ kb| z{g ul/g] Jojxf/
xf] . JolSt :jod\ cg'zf;gdf /xL cfÇgf] Jojxf/nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{' cfTdcgz' f;g
xf] . o;sf] cy{ c;n sfos{ f nflu Ps lglZrt lgodleq /x/] cfkm" nfO{ ;xL af6fdf
lx8F fpg' eGg] al' emG5 . x/]s JolStn] ljleGg If]qdf ;DalGwt If]qsf] gLltlgodleq
/x]/ sfd ul//x]sf] xG' 5 . cfTdcgz' f;g JolStn] cfÇgf] 1fg, cg'ej /
r]tgfsf] k|ofu] ug]{ Ifdtf xf] . cfTdcg'zf;glagf JolStn] ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;Sbg} .
To;n} ] cfTdcgz' f;g JolStut hLjgsf] Ps dxŒjk"0f{ kIf xf] . cfTdcgz' f;gnfO{
kfngf ug{ ;jm] df xfdL cfk}Fmdf ;'vL x'g ;S5fF} . o:tf] cfr/0fn] ;dfhdf
a:g] dflg;x¿nfO{ klg ;xL af6fdf lx8F \gnfO{ k]l| /t u5{ . dof{lbt Jojxf/, ;Tolgi7f,
;Tsd,{ ;+oldt Pjd\ ;Eo cfr/0f cflb cfTdcg'zf;gsf ljljw kIfx¿ xg' \ . o;
kf7df oL kIfx¿sf af/d] f 5f6] f] rrf{ u/f}F .

kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; jm] Gb,| 49 jb] fGt
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLst[ ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff

j]bfGt ;fdflhs cWoog tyf
dfgjd"No lzIff – sIff 6

dof{lbt Jojxf/ (Respectful behaviour) M

j'mg} lglZrt dofb{ fleq /x]/ ul/g] Jojxf/ g} dof{lbt Jojxf/ xf] . of] Ps cgz' fl;t
Jojxf/ xf] . gd| eP/ af]Ng,' c¿sf jm' /fx¿ ;G' g', ;fdflhs lgodsf] kfngf ug{'
cflb dofl{ bt Jojxf/x¿ x'g\ . cfTdcgz' f;g sfod ug{sf lglDt xfdLn] dof{lbt
Jojxf/sf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ . cfk"meGbf 7n' f, dfGohg, u'? tyf ;dfhsf Ho]i7
gful/sx¿nfO{ cfb/ ;Ddfg ug{'k5{ . pxfFx¿af6 1fgu'gsf jm' /fx¿ ;'Ggk' 5{ .
xfdLn] ghfgs] f j'm/f ws gdfgLsg ;fW] gk' 5{ . To;} u/L cfkm" eGbf ;fgfnfO{ dfof
ug{k' 5{ . pgLx¿sf ;xL jm' /fx¿nfO{ ;l' glbgk' 5{ . /fdf| ] jm' /f l;sfpgk' 5{ . o:tf
cfr/0fsf] ljsf; xFb' f xfdL c;n dflg; aGg ;S5fF} . ;dfhdf pbfx/0fLo JolSt
aGg ;S5fF} . To;n} ] dofl{ bt Jojxf/ cfTdcg'zf;gsf] Ps dxŒjk"0f{ kIf xf] .

;Tolgi7f (Integrity)

;To eGgfn] ;xL jf ;fFrf] j'm/f eGg] a'lemG5 . jm' g} sfd jf dfGotfdf xg' ] >4f, cf:yf
jf ljZjf; g} lgi7f xf] . ;Todf dfq lge/{ /xg] sfd jf Jojxf/nfO{ ;Tolgi7f elgG5
. ;Tolgi7f cfTdcgz' f;gsf] Ps dxŒjk0" f{ kIf xf] . ;Tolgi7fn] xfd|f] hLjgdf
Hofb} 7n' f] dxŒj /fV5 . Odfgbf/ / lgi7fjfg\ dflg;nfO{ ;an} ] ljZjf; u5g{ \ .
To;n} ] ;wF} ;To af]Ngk' 5{ . ;fdflhs tyf g}lts d"No dfGotfdf ljZjf; u/L

j]bfGt 50 kf7\oj|md ljsf; j]mGb|,
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjdN" o lzIff ;fgf]l7dL, eStk/' åf/f :jLst[