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Padmanabhaswamy Temple is the richest temple in the world.

The Padmanabhaswamy temple is a Hindu temple located in Thiruvananthapuram,
the state capital of Kerala, India. The name of the city of Thiruvananthapuram in
Malayalam translates to "The City of Lord Ananta",[1] referring to the deity of the
Padmanabhaswamy temple. The temple is built in an intricate fusion of the Chera
style and the Dravidian style of architecture, featuring high walls, and a 16th-
century gopura.[2][3] While the Ananthapura temple in Kumbla is considered the
original seat of the deity ("Moolasthanam"), architecturally to some extent, the
temple is a replica of the Adikesava Perumal temple in Thiruvattar

BY JITHINTHARA J S

KARUMOM

Introduction

Karumom is a place situated in the
outskirts of Thiruvananthapuram
City. It is about 5km from
Thiruvananthapuram central
railway station. Nearly 5000
people live here . This place is in
much proximity to city limits as
well as it shares the border of
village.

Punchakkari , a small beautiful
agricultural village is situated
near Karumom is a main
attraction to the visitors.

Cultural history

Arakathu Devi Temple

Arakathu devi temple is situated
in Edagramam , Karumom of
Nemom panchayat. It is one of the
oldest temple of southern Kerala.

The deity of Arakathu Devi is used
to accompany in procession to the
aaratu of Sree Padmanabha
Swamy since the re initiation of
Alpashi ceremony.There are some
unique rituals are performed here
.Some of the main rituals are
‘pidipananam varal' and
’mangalaya ganapathy homam .

Karumom Mahavishu
Temple

Mahavishnu Temple is situated in
the prime location of Karumom
.All people here pay a great belief
to the lord VISHNU, which is
worshipped as the main Idol here
.The main offering here is
palpayasam.

According to the history the idol of
Mahavishnu is placed here by the
Ashwatamav in Mahabharth and
so is considered to be very
powerful. THE idol has the
preserve of lord Danwantara
murthy.

AGRICULTURAL HISTORY

Punchakkari is a small village
situated near Karumom. People
over here have a good agricultural
practice which helps them earn
their daily lively hood.

Various agricultural practices are
carried out by the farmers here
.Years ago there were paddy
cultivation which was a major
attraction to the migratory birds
and the visitors.

Different types of farming such as
various types of banana
cultivation, tapioca farming and
various vegetable farming such as
snake gourd, bitter gourd
,cucumber, green spinach, red
spinach, pea are carried by the
farmers here.

People over here have a good
knowledge in not only agriculture
but also in pisiculture , cattle
farming and poultry farming .

ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY

The local administration of this
area was under panchayat which
was later converted to corporation
.

KARUMOM UP SCHOOL

Karumom UP school is a
government school situated in
Karumom which has students from
classes 1 - 7 . This school was
established in the year 1929 . Now
around 285 students study in this
school .

KARUMOM POST OFFICE

Karumom Post office is a branch
of Karamana Post office situated
in between Karumom and
Edagramam.
KARUMOM PINCODE IS 695002 .

BY,
Shreya. S.R

ASSIGNMENT-1

THE LOCAL HISTORY OF MY BIRTH PLACE

Hai,for the introduction, I need to mention about my native place. Even if Iam residing now
at Trivandrum my native place belongs to another district, Alappuzha, to be more specific
Mavelikkara.

Mavelikkara is one of the important municipalities in Alappuzha. This place is prolific and
enriched with various historical incidents and monuments. It is also gifted in producing
various multifaceted personalities who are flourished in multiple field of interests.
Mavelikkara is also embedded with the Legacy.

The Chettikulangara Devi Temple, known for the Kumbha Bharani festival is located near
the municipality.The place is home to one of the 108 Shiva temples of Kerala created by
Lord Parashurama, the Kandiyoor Mahadeva Temple. It was also a major centre of trade and
commerce in ancient Kerala and the erstwhile capital of the rulers of Onattukara. As a result
of the close association with the Travancore Royal Family, Mavelikkara gained modern
facilities well ahead of other places in the state. It is one of the oldest municipalities of the
state. Even before India attained independence, Mavelikara had a super express transport
service to Trivandrum.

ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM

PAST

There are differences of opinion regarding the origin of the term Mavelikara as one notion
observes that it is the shore of a great ocean and so they call it as Mavelikara. Mavelikkara,
since the very ancient times was a part of Onattukara (north to Desinganadu) and was
governed by the Kayamkulam rulers, with its capital at Kandiyoor Mattom. In the
11thcentury literature, Thiruvallacheppedu, Unniyadi charitham and Unnuneelisandhesam
there are references to the history of Odanadu and Kandiyoor. . It is believed that during the
Sangam period, the regions including Mavelikara have been under the control of Ayi rulers.
Many of the festivals in this region indicate the presence of an agricultural society during
that period. In the course of time, this place witnessed different religious and cultural
formations like Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity. Under the influence of various cultural
streams, Mavelikkara evolved into a cultural locale moulded under specific socioeconomic
conditions. Onattukara consisted of four kovilakams-Perakathu, Cherayi, Puthiyidathu, and
Pazhedathu. The eldest member of these kovilakams was made the king of Onattukara.
Later Onattukara splitted into two, one conjoined to Venad and the 6 other remained as
Kayamkulam. In 1737, Ramayyan became the Dhalava of Venad. In 1746, Marthandavarma
conquered the land was annexed it to Travancore. During his period, Mavelikara came into
prominence as a major business centre of Venad. After this, Ramayyan constructed a
‘Pandakasala’ (Warehouse) at Mavelikkara. An agreement of mutual territorial integrity was
signed between the Dutch and Travancore in 1753 at Mavelikkara. As a memorial to this
agreement, Dutch donated a pillar light (sthamba vilakku) to the Sree Krishna temple at

Mavelikara. Ramayyan also constructed a ‘kotta’ (fort) at Mavelikkara. Later, Lord Mekkala
destroyed it in 1809. This place today at the heart of the town is also known as
Kottakkakam, and the Dhalava Madom near the Sree Krishna Temple is also considered as a
monument of these events.
PRESENT
LOKSABHA;Mavelikara has its own constituency in the Lok Sabha.[3] Until the 2002 Lok Sabha
Delimitation took effect in 2008, the constituency consisted of Chengannur, Mavelikara,
Kayamkulam, Pandalam, Thiruvalla and Kallupara. Since then, the assembly constituencies
have comprised Changanassery, Kuttanad, Mavelikara (SC), Chengannur, Kunnathur (SC),
Kottarakkara and Pathanapuram. The constituency is now reserved for a scheduled
caste candidate..
Kodikunnil Suresh of the INC has represented the Mavelikkara constituency since 2009.
STATE ASSEMBLY:R. Rajesh from the CPI(M) is the representative of Mavelikkara in
the Kerala Legislative Assembly.
DEMOGRAPHY:According to the 2001 Indian census,[1] Mavelikara town has a population of
28,440 with males constituting 47% of the population. The average literacy rate is 86%,
much higher than the national average of 59.5%, with male literacy at 87% and female
literacy at 85%. Approximately 10% of the population is under 6 years old.

CULTURAL PECULIARITY

BUDDHA STATUE WITH IMMENSE CULTURAL BAGGAGE

The cultural capital of Alappuzha is Mavelikkara. Mavelikara was once part of the
principality of Onattukara and has been a centre of religious harmony, culture and arts for
several centuries.Mavelikkara is also famous as a land of palaces, royalty of these castles is
reflected all over the place. The site of the Royal Palace Gate which is situated at the back
side of Raja Ravi Varma College is an example for this. Archeologists uphold the view that
the peculiar feature of Mavelikkara was the presence of Buddha Mandapams, which
indicate the presence of Buddhism in the 6th & 7th AD. In the festivals of Mavelikara viz.
Chettikulangara Kumbha Bharani, Vettiyar temple’s Vishu Utsavam etc, the chariots have a
similarity with the chariots of North Indian temples. The museum of Kerala Panini A.R Raja

Raja Varma, the person who has built a foundation to Malayalam language, Sharada
Mandiram, is situated near the temple of Lord Sree Krishna. The table, chair, crown, pallaku
etc used by him and many of his paintings are preserved here. The Sree Krishna 7 Temple,
Kandiyoor Lord Shiva temple, Chettikulangara Devi temple, Puthiyakavu St. Marys
Cathedral, C.S.I Christ Church, Pathichira St Johns Valiya Palli, Mavelikara Muslim Palli
(pookada junction) etc are the epitome of religious harmony. The mutual love and affection
of Hindu and Christian communities of Mavelikara are evident from the
‘Purathezhunnallippu’ and ‘Ethirelppu’ processions of Puthiyakavu Devi Temple which start
in front of the Puthiyakavu St.Mary’s Cathredal Church.Mutual faith and harmony between
these religions remain unaffected since decades. Yusthus Youseph, the founder of
Yuyomaya Society established a new religious sect in 1881 at Mavelikkara. Followers of this
religious sect is leading a pure and satisfactory life without the knowledge of much people in
the world. In this Hindu social rituals and Christian Principles are organized. The followers of
Sabha do not wear ornaments, do not consume liquor and avoid eating known vegetarian
foods. To them, the meaning of believing in God is the belief without any special
indebtedness to any religion. There is no separate priesthood or a separate place of
worship. Attenders are there to transmit their faith and belief to others who work without
any desire of reward. They are called Missionaries or Ministers. There are no religious rituals
accepting salary and rewards or there is no arrangement for giving speech by accepting
payment among them. During his Kerala visit, Mahatma Gandhi attended a meeting on 19th
January 1934 at Mavelikara. Gandhiji’s reception was in Thattarambalam Sree Chitrolsava
Mandiram. Eminent personalities like Artist Rama Varma Thampuran, 8 Thattarambalam
Raman Pillai, Sree Subhananda Guru Devan et. al. participated at the meeting. The
conversations between Subhananda Guru Devan and Gandhiji were translated by Mannar
Gopalan Nair. Either by paternal or maternal relation, many eminent personalities were
born and brought up in Mavelikara.They have been proud of their connection with
Mavelikara. The present study is an attempt to sketch the history of Mavelikkara region
from the ancient to medieval and modern times.

AGRICULTURAL PATTERN

Mavelikkara is famous for its agro climatic zone. Blessed by natural resources, Mavelikkara
has flourished from very ancient times as a land of rich and diverse traditions in art forms,
culture and religion and has registered prosperity in agriculture and trade activities.
Mavelikkara is geographically divided into five natural segments. The coastal belt, plains,
valleys, high lands and slanty region. The coastal belt stretches along the Arabian Sea coast
and the soil in this region is sandy.The soil condition is clay combined with loose soil in the
eastern parts. Urban infrastructural development scheme for small and medium towns, The
offshore sea in this region is more than twenty metres deep.The locale is quite alluring for a
natural poet. It attracted the merchants and traders to carry out trade and commerce by
sea from time immemorial. The plains are very fertile and soil is laterite. This region is rich in
agricultural products like paddy, coconut, banana gingelly, etc.60 The slanty land is covered
with red soil, small stones and pebbles. Mango, tapioca, oil seeds and other tuber crops are
extensively cultivated here. The high land of this region, where the soil is red sandy has an
average elevation of 40 metres from the mean sea level. The valleys play a pivotal role in
the topography of Mavelikkara. The valleys are noted for soil erosion. Though soil in this
region is fertile, constant erosion is a great threat to farming.

SUBMITTED BY,
MITHRADEV R S
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HARI OM!

Birth place history

SIVANY V.B
10 A

According to legend, the site of Thiruvananthapuram was once
jungle known as Anantan Kādu, which was home to
a Pulayar couple who cultivated rice. One day, the wife heard a
baby crying as she was weeding. After a search, she found a child
so beautiful that she assumed it was divine and was afraid to touch
it. She fed the baby some milk and left it in the shade of a tree,

whereupon a five headed cobra appeared, moved the baby to a hole
in the tree and used its hood to shelter the child from the sun.
Realizing it was an incarnation of the Hindu deity Vishnu, the
Pulayar and his wife made offerings of milk and congee in a
coconut shell. Once the king of Travancore heard of the baby, he
issued orders for the construction of a temple at the location
as Padmanabha swami temple.

The Ays were the leading political power till the beginning of the
10th century AD. During the Chera-Chola Wars from 999 to 1110
AD, the city of significance was Vizhinjam, which housed a

university (Kanthalur Salai).Trivandrum housed the famous
temple. All of the regions were attacked and sacked by the Chola
army, till they were forced to retreat to Kottar in 1110 AD. The
disappearance of the Ays synchronised with the emergence of the
rulers of Venad.[3] During the Venad rule, the trustees of the
temple (Ettarayogam) became powerful enough to challenge the
authority of the rulers. Raja Aditya Varma was poisoned by them,
and five out of six children of Umayamma Rani were murdered by
them. In 1684, during her regency, the English East India
Company obtained a sandy piece of land
at Anchuthengu (Anjengo) on the sea coast, about 32 km north of
Thiruvananthapuram city, for erecting a factory and fortifying it.
The place had earlier been frequented by the Portuguese and later
by the Dutch. It was from here that the English gradually extended
their domain to other parts of Thiruvithamcore, anglicised as
Travancore.

During the regency of Umayamma Rani, Travancore was invaded
by a Mughaladventurer, known as the Mughal Sirdar, forcing the
Rani to take refuge in Nedumangad. The Sardar camped in the
suburbs of the present day Trivandrum, till he was defeated
by Kerala Varma, a prince from the Kottayam royal family,
adopted into the Venad royal family. The Rani was brought back
in triumph to Trivandrum, but in 1696 AD, Kottayam Kerala

Varma was assassinated by the trustees within the precincts of his
own palace.

During the regin of another Aditya Varma(1718–1721), the
clashes between the royal officials and the temple trustees became
more common. Failing to get redress at the hands of the king, the
tenants of the temple lands marched to Trivandrum to present their
grievances to the Yogakkar (trustees), indicating the low ebb of
the power of the king.

SREDHA R.S
X: B

KERALAPURAM

KERALAPURAM is a famous suburban town in Quilon, District of Kerala, India.

Talking about KOLLAM :-
KOLLAM also known by its former name Quilon pronunciation and Coulão (in Portuguese), is an old
seaport and city on the Laccadive Sea coast of the Indian state of Kerala.

It is situated 66 kilometers north of the state capital Trivandrum. The city is on the banks
of Ashtamudi Lake. Kollam has a strong commercial reputation since the days of the Phoenicians
and Romans. Fed by the Chinese trade, it was mentioned by Ibn Battuta in the 14th century as one
of the five Indian ports he had seen during the course of his twenty-four-year
travels.Desinganadu's rajas exchanged embassies with Chinese rulers while there was a
flourishing Chinese settlement at Kollam.

In the 9th Century, on his way to Canton, China, Persian merchant Sulaiman al-Tajir found Kollam
to be the only port in India visited by huge Chinese junks. Marco Polo, the Venetian traveller, who
was in Chinese service under Kublai Khan in 1275, visited Kollam and other towns on the west
coast, in his capacity as a Chinese mandarin.

Chinnakada Clock Tower : a landmark in Kollam City in the Indian state of Kerala.

The quadrangular clock tower was built in 1944 by the natives as a tribute to Unichakam Veedu K
G Parameshwaran Pillai, the former chairman of Kollam Municipality (1932–48).

Construction began in 1941 and was completed three years later in brick and white cement. The
tower has four clocks facing the four directions of the city, which were brought from Kolkata.

Keralapuram is located at 10.5 km away from Kollam city, 22 km away from Paravur and 3 km
away from Kundara. Thangal Kunju Musaliar College of Engineering (TKMCE), one of the premiere
engineering institutes in Kerala, is located 4.3 kilometres from here.
Interestingly there are three Keralapuram's in three different districts of Kerala.This township is
located on National_Highway_744_(India). The nearest town is Kundara.

The famous Ezhuthanikada, hotel dating back to 1950 is the landmark of the place.The vertu cake
, pirotta mutton combo of this hotel is famous and is very popular.The cakes are even exported to
middle east.
Keralapuram had several major cashew factories. Some of which are existing even now.
The hospitals situated at keralapuram:-
*ESIC Hospital
*Devans Hospital
*SSR Hospital
Some of the prominent persons hailing from the area include :-
Mr S Kalam. He was a prominent play director and actor. Two of his dramas became movies later
on.

Keralapuram govnt. school is one of the famous landmark.

Keralapuram is connected with various important towns in Kollam district.
• Kottiyam
• Kottarakkara
• Kundara
Nearest Airport - Trivandrum International Airport Approx: 65 km. 1 hour 30 mins.

Kollam Pooram is a festival held each April in Kollam City in the Indian state of Kerala. The festival
attracts large number of people from all parts of the state and is organised in connection with the
annual festival of the Asramam Sri Krishnaswamy Temple at Kollam's Asramam Maidan.The
festival has now assumed the status of a national festival attracting tourists in large numbers.
For the kudamattom, thirty elephants are split into two groups of fifteen representing the
Thamarakulam Sri Mahaganapathy Temple and the Puthiyakavu Bhagawathy Temple.
The kudamattom is held to the beats of a traditional melam. The pooram is followed by a firework
display.

Hence, Keralapuram is a different suburban town is Quilon district.













ABHISHEKJB

10.B roll:14
CVV..

THIRUMALA

Thirumala isasuburbof Thiruvananthapuram,thecapitalof Kerala, India.Thenameisliterallysplitinto
two,'Thiru''Mala'meaning"HolyHill"whichreferstothehillonwhichanancientHindutemplededicated
tothegodKrishnacalledParakovilwhichisformallyknownasThrichakrapuram SThirumalaisalsoa
hugehill,thesummitofwhichmaybereachedfrom theKilliaratJagathy,topmostpointbeingParakovil.
Thirumalaiscloseto Pangode,thecantonmentarea.

NOTABLE PERSONS

 BichuThirumala-lyricistandpoet
 Sathyan-Malayalam film actor

EDUCATIONALINSTITUITIONS

AMHSS THIRUMALA

PARAKOVIL

Thereisatempleoflordkrishnaonthetopofthehillrock.Thesmalltemplehasaround95
steps
wheretheentiregreentrivandrum canbeseen.Thetemplehas3shineskrishnaasthemain
one
andganeshaandayyappaaretheminorones.Theentrancehasasmallfishtreealso.
Onethefoothillofthetemple,thereisanashram wereGoddessdeviandlordkrishna’sshineis
present.ItalsohasasamadhiwithaShiva’sshinedoestairs.Itisverypeacefulintvm city…..

THANKYOU.

Abhishek S Nair
10 A

Sooranad

The village is part of kunnathur Taluk, which lies in Kerala's kollam district and sits on the border
of the kollam, Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha Districts. Sooranad North and Sooranad South are
collectively known as Sooranad and have their own local Panchayath. Sooranad North covers an area
of 22.67 square kilometres (8.75 sq mi) and is 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from Sasthamkotta, 30 kilometres
(19 mi) from Kollam, 90 kilometres (56 mi) from the state capital Thiruvananthapuram and 15
kilometres (9.3 mi) from Thiruvananthapuram which is the nearest city.
Geography

A tributary of the Kallada River flows through this village as well as the Pallikkal River. Across this
there is a dam that can irrigate about 200 acres (81 ha) of Paddy and other summer crops. There are
many markets in Sooranad such as Kanmamathu chantha, Vayyankara Chantha, and Parakkadavu
chantha.
Schools

There are three Higher Secondary schools: the Government High School of Sooranadu and the
Santhinikethan Model High School, and other Upper Primary School (R.K.U.P. and Govt. L.P.S Anayadi
other upper and Lower Primary Schools provide basic education to both the local students from
other administrative subdivisions (taluks).Some other important schools in Sooranad north are T.D.B
Central School and Chakkuvally Government School. The main school of Sooranad North is GHSS
Sooranad around 1500 students are studying in the school

Economy
The main employment for men and women of the village is cashew nut processing, which takes place in
several factories.

There are also workers who manufacture tiles and "country burnt" bricks. In addition, there are
people who work as casual laborers. Nowadays many people in Sooranad have set up their own shops.
Some came back to the agricultural field while many left.
Co-operative bank
The Sooranad gramodhaarana service co-operative bank 3947 is the leading financial concern that
began as early as in 28.3.1956.
Celebrities

Shri Sooranad Kunjan  Pillai
the renowned poet, writer, and linguistic expert who formulated Malayalam Lexicon, hailed from the
area.

Barrister N. Padmanabha pillai of Panayamcherril veedu, of vayyankara who was member of
Sreemoolam Assembly and Municipal Chairman, Kollam during whose time the clocktower in Kollam
was built.
Well-known writer and journalist Sri. Gopi Anayadi also from this village and he belongs to
Vandematharam veedu near Anayadi bridge.
Sri. Jomon Sooranad is famous international chef who appears many cookery shows in media.
Late Vaiankara Madhusoodanan, professor in music college T.V.M, was a well recognised classical music
singer who belongs to Vaiankara Anayadi.
Vayyankara Raghavakurup was an activist ( and representative to Grama panchayat for a term)
who was the soul force behind Gramodharana Service Co-op.bank, Gramod harana Grandha sala and
vayanasala , Anayadi post office, vaiankara cattle market etc.

Culture

Temples

There are many temples in Sooranad including, Komalavalleeswaram temple, Anayadi
Narasimhaswamy temple, Azhakiyakavu Kurumbakalee temple, Puthiyakavu Temple, Kalarivathukkal
temple, Sreenarayanapuram Mahadeva temple, Puthiyidam Sreekrishnaswami temple, Kunniradathu
Malanada temple, Ponal Kalari Shree Bhuvaneswari Temple. Anayadi Pazhayidam Narasimhamoorthi
temple and Anayadi Puthiyidam Sreekrishnaswami temple are under one administration and the
former is famous for "Anayadi pooram" with hundred and odd elephants partaking to decorate the
festival. Ennaseri Malanada Temple where Dussasana of the Kauravas is considered to be the god
is situated at Thekkemuri. Veetinal Devi temple (near parakkadavu) its situated near the bank of
pallikkal river.

The only Shanideva temple of Kerala is situated in Sooranad North from a little bit distance from
the Sooranad Rakthasakshi Mandapam.

Festivals

A large elephant festival, the Anayadi Gajamela, takes place at Anayadi Narasimha Moorthy Temple
and involves a hundred-odd capironised  elephants lined up accompanied by a traditional orchestra.
The ten-day festival is conducted every year on the Thiruvonam day in the month of Makaram.
Devotees offer 250–300 elephants almost every year. The main deity of the temple is Narasimha, the
lion-headed incarnation of Lord Vishnu  Anayadi Gajamela has become a favourite with locals and
has also found a place on the tourism map. Anayadi Narasimha Moorthy Temple is located on the
northern border of Kollam district of which Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha districts share the
boundaries.

Last modified: 13 Jun 2020