final

ENTS

TORY
Y
STORY

INTRODU

Thiruvananthapuram,th
capital of Kerala is a m
tourist centre, known fo
Padmanabhaswamy Te
the beaches of Kovalam
Varkala, the backwater
Poovar and Anchuthen
and its Western Ghats
of Ponmudi and the
Agastyamala.

UCTION

he
major
or the
Temple,

m and
rs of
ngu
tracts

POPULAR P
THIRUVANAN

PLACES IN
NTHAPURAM

POPULAR

R PLACES

AGRICULTUR

RAL HISTORY

Among the numero
in Travancore, the
were rice, coconut,
rubber, tea, ginger
these crops tapioca
rubber were not na
introduced to Trava

ous crops cultivated
important ones
, tapioca, pepper,
and coffee. Among
a, coffee, tea and
ative crops, but were
ancore.

MAJOR

CROPS

The history of the
agriculture in Ker
the agrarian histo
The Department
started functionin
Travancore on 27

e Department of
rala also depicts
ory of the State.
of Agriculture was
ng in the erstwhile
7th May 1908.

TYPES OF SO
TRAVAN

The major types of s
Tranvancore district
coastal alluvium, rive
soil, brown hydromor
loam.

OIL USED IN
NCORE

soil used in
were red loams,
erine alluvium, lateritic
rphic soil and forest

CULTURAL

L HISTORY

The city of Thiruvanan
the centre of cultural a
(India) from the time it
Travancore in 1745. ..
Thiruvananthapuram M
Thiruvananthapuram Z
the reign of Swathi Th
are one of the oldest o

nthapuram has been
activities of Kerala
t was made capital of
.. The
Museum and
Zoo were started during
hirunal (1813–1847) and
of their kind in India.

● The Swathi Thirunal Co
'College of fine arts' are
related to music and ar
Soorya India Festival, i
today.

ollege of Music and
e the leading institutions
rts. The 75-day-long
is a major festival in India

● Contributions of Thiruv
painting are immense.
that can be attributed t
found in a small cave-s
in south Travancore.

vananthapuram to
The earliest of murals
to the Kerala tradition are
shrine at Thirunandikkara

This classical Indian da
age-old Sanskrit text - N
traditionally performed
repertoire of Carnatic m
a play. At times, the son
Malayalam and Sanskr
Manipravalam, is sung

ance form roots from the
Natya Shastra. It is
by women following a
music, singing and acting
ng, a typical hybrid of
rit also called
by the performer herself.

It is the traditional dress
state in the southwester
basic traditional piece is
garment which is the an
denoted in Malayalam a
cloth), while the neriyath
garment the mundu.

s of women in Kerala, a
rn part of India. The
s the mundu or lower
ncient form of the saree
as 'Thuni' (meaning
hu forms the upper

ADMINISTRAT

The conservancy depa
in Thiruvananthapuram
reign of the king Ayilya
decades, during the re
Thirunal, Thiruvananth
was converted into Co

TIVE HISTORY

artment was started
m in 1877 during the
am Thirunal. After two
eign of Sree Chithira
hapuram Municipality
orporation.

Ayilyam
Thirunal Rama
Varma

Sree Chithira
Thirunal Balarama

Varma

RULERS OF T

TRAVANCORE

RULE

ERS

RULERS OF T

● Anizham Thirunal Marth
1758 )

● Karthika Thirunal Rama
(1758–1798)

● Avittom Thirunal Balara
1810 )

● Ayilyom Thirunal Gowri
1813) Queen(1813–181

TRAVANCORE

handa Varma I (1729–

a Varma I (Dharma Raja)

ama Varma I (1798–

i Lakshmi Bayi (1810–
15 )Regent Queen

● Uthrittathi Thirunal Gowri
(Regent Queen)

● Swathi Thirunal of Travan
Rama Varma II (1829–1

● Maharajah of Travancore
Thirunal Marthanda Varm

● Ayilyam Thirunal Rama V
1875.jpg Ayilyam Thirun
(1860–1880)

i Parvati Bayi (1815–1829)

ncore.jpg Swathi Thirunal
1846)
e 1847.jpg Uthram
ma II (1846–1860)
Varma of Travancore
nal Rama Varma III

● Visakham Thirunal of T
Visakham Thirunal Ram
1885)

● Moolam Thirunal Rama

● Pooradam Thirunal Set
(1924–1931) (Regent Q

● Chithira Thirunal Balara
1971 )

Travancore 1868.jpg
ma Varma IV (1880–

a Varma V (1885–1924)
thu Lakshmi Bayi
Queen)
ama Varma II (1931–





THIRUVANATHAPURAM

Thiruvananthapuram also known by its former name Trivandrum,
Is the capital of the Indian state of kerala. It is the most popular city in Kerala
with a population of 957,730 as of 2011. The compassing urban agglomeration
population is around 1.68 millon, located on the west coast of india near the
extreme south of the main land. Thiruvananthapuram is a information
technology hub in kerala and contributes 55% of the state’s software export as
of 2016. Mahatma Gandhi referred kerala as thw Ever Green city of India

ADMINISTRATION

Thiruvananthapuram manages the civic infrastruction of the city’s 100 wards. Each ward
elects a councillor to the corporation of Thiruvananthapuram has the power to acts as the
local government of the city . TMC is headed by the mayor who is elected from the
councillors. The fuctions of the municipal corporation are managed by engineering, health,
general administration, council accounts and revenue. And also the functions of TMC
include watersupplywaste ,solid-waste etc.

Law and order

The Thiruvananthapuram City Police is the main law-enforcement agency in the city.
It is headed by a commissioner of police.[77] The Thiruvananthapuram city police is a
division of the Kerala Police, and the administrative control lies with the Kerala Home
Ministry. Thiruvananthapuram city police are the largest police division in Kerala, and
it consists of ten Circle offices and 21 police stations and a sanctioned strength of
3,500 police personnel.[78] The Central Prison is the oldest prison in Kerala and the
headquarters of Kerala prisons and correctional services.

TOURISM

Thiruvananthapuram is a major tourist hub in
India.[110] Kovalam and Varkala are popular beach towns located near the
city. Other important beaches include Poovar, Shankumugham Beach,
Azhimala Beach, Vizhinjam Beach and Veli Beach. The Padmanabhaswamy
Temple is one of the richest temples in the country.[118] Other places of
interest include Agasthyamala rain forests, Neyyar Wildlife
Sanctuary, Kallar,
Braemore, Ponmudi hills, Poovar, Anchuthengu backwaters, Varkala Cliffs
and Kappil-Edava lakes.
The city is also known for its unique style of architecture involving Kerala
Architecture with British and Dravidian influences.[119] Napier
museum, Zoo, Padmanabha Swamy temple, Kuthira Malika palace,
Kilimanoor palace and The Trivandrum Golf Club heritage building are
examples for this.
The main museums include Kerala Science and Technology Museum (with
its attached Priyadarsini Planetarium), Napier Museum, Kerala Soil
Museum and Koyikkal Palace Museum. Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve is
listed in UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves.

culture

Established in 1855, the Napier Museum contains a vast collection of Ancient paintings and archaeological
artefacts

Attukal Pongala festival marks the world's largest gathering of women

Thiruvananthapuram is known as the "Evergreen City of India" because
of its green landscapes and the presence of many public
parks.[1][121] Thiruvananthapuram has historically been a cultural hub in South
India due to the development of arts, architecture and liberal customs by the rulers
of erstwhile Trivandrum. As a testimony to this, renowned artists like Maharaja Swathi
Thirunal and Raja Ravi Varma hail from the city.[122][123] Prominent social
reformers such as Sri Narayana Guru, Chattampi Swamikal, Ayyankali, Vakkom
Moulavi and C. V. Raman Pillai also are from Thiruvananthapuram.[124]

Transport

Kowdiar road; also known as the royal road or "Raja Veedhi", as it leads to the Kowdiar Palace

Another road in the city

The majority of bus services are conducted by government operators. There are also
private operators.[156] The city buses operated by Kerala State Road Transport
Corporation (KSRTC) are an important and reliable means of public transport
available in the city. The main bus stations in the city are the Central Bus
Station in Thampanoor, where most of the long-distance buses ply from, and city bus
station in East Fort, where most city buses ply from.[157][158] Three-wheeled, yellow
and black auto-rickshaws and taxis, are other popular forms of public
transport.[159][160] Thiruvananthapuram Light Metro is a fully elevated metro
rail – rapid transit system planned to ease the congestion in the city.

Education

Model School Trivandrum, founded in 1885, is one of the oldest schools in Kerala.[187]

Schools in Thiruvananthapuram are classified as aided, unaided and Government
schools.[188][189] The government schools are run directly by the Kerala State Education
Board and follow the syllabus prescribed by the state government.[190] The aided schools
also follow the state syllabus. Malayalam and English are the primary languages of
instruction; Tamil and Hindi are also used.[190] The schools are affiliated with The State
Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT), Central Board of Secondary
Education (CBSE), Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE), International General
Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) and National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS).
In the National Achievement Survey conducted by National Council of Educational Research
and Training (NCERT), Thiruvananthapuram is ranked as best in Kerala.

Temple