Abstract Volume

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Ministry of Higher Education & ‫وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي‬
Scientific Research
‫الهيئة القومية للاستشعار من البعد‬
NationalAuthorityforRemoteSensing ‫وعلوم الفضاء‬
&SpaceSciences

Prof. Liaqat Ali Khan Rao

Convener
Department of Geology
Aligarh Muslim University
Aligarh 202 002, India
+919897232106
[email protected]

Dear Prof. Liaqat A. K. Rao,

I trust that this message finds you well.

While it is unfortunately not possible for me to join you in Aligarh this time and I am

thrilled with the intention and the broad design of this International Conference on

Remote Sensing and GIS for Applications in Geosciences.

The subject is expanding at a great pace and there is great demand in organizing
such events to nurture the young minds and refresh the old’s. I am indeed very

happy to learn that Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University is thriving in

this path.

I wish all success for the conference.

Best Regards

Mamdouh M. Abdeen

Prof. of Structural Geology and Remote Sensing
Head of the Geological Applications and Mineral Resources Division
Board Member
National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), Cairo
Executive Member, Inter Islamic Network on Space Sciences and Technology (ISNET)
[email protected]

23, Joseph Tito St., Nozha El-Gedida, Cairo, Egypt. ‫ النزهة الجديدة (خلف مطار القاهرة) القاهرة‬- ‫ شارع جوزيف تيتو‬23
‫ ألف مسكن‬1564 :‫ مصر ص ب‬-
P. O. Box: 1564 Alf-Maskan
 +20 2 2964389, 92  +20 2 2964385, 87 2964385 :‫ فاكس‬2964389 - 2964392 :‫تليفون‬



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ADVISORY COMMITTEE

• Prof. SM. Ramasamy, Former Vice-Chancellor, Gandhigram Rural
University

• Prof. Bhagwan Singh Choudhary, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani
• Prof. M. Khudrat, IIRS, Dehradun
• Prof. Champati Ray, IIRS, Dehradun
• Prof. A.C Narayana, University of Hyderabad
• Prof. R.S Raghuwanshi, Bhopal
• Prof. DC. Gupta, Bhopal
• Prof. C.J. Kumanan, Bharathidasan University
• Mr. Tasneem Habib, Bhopal
• Ms. Shefali Agarwal, IIRS, Dehradun
• Dr. S. Rajendran, Sultan Qaboos University
• Dr. C. Jeganathan, BIT, Ranchi
• Dr. P. Diwan, NIT Raipur
• Dr. Kumar Gaurav, IISER Bhopal
• Mr. Sashi Kumar, ISRO
• Dr. R. Sakthivel, Bharathidasan university
• Dr. Rajesh Thapa, Nepal

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

STUDENT COMMITTEES Technical Committee:

Reception Committee: 1. Mir Md Ramiz
2. Iftikhar Ahmad
1. Dr. Syed Md Wasim 3. Mohammad Khatib Khan
2. Iftikhar Ahmad 4. Amir Hamza Moin Ansari
3. Zuhi Khan 5. Armugha Khan
4. Ebadur Rahman
5. Sadia Khanam Refreshment Committee:

Registration Committee: 1. Sadiya Idris Khan
2. Jyoti Mathur
1. Mir Md Ramiz 3. Saddam Hussain
2. Tanzeel Khatoon 4. Nepal Singh
3. Asma Amjad Ghazanavi
4. Heena Food Committee:

Inaugural Committee: 1. Nepal Singh
2. Khush Navi
1. Sayeda Nigar Mazhar 3. Razuddin
2. Armugha Khan 4. Md. Sharif Khan
3. Naima Akhtar
4. Nuzhat Fatima
5. Lata Udsaiya

Transport & Accommodation
Committee:

1. Mashkoor Khan
2. Shamshad
3. I.S. Hamidullah
4. Siraj Ahmad
5. Junaid Alam
6. Iftikhar Ahmad

IN-HOUSE FACULTY MEMBERS COMMITTEES

Reception Committee:
Prof. Liaqat A. K. Rao
Prof. Abu Talib
Prof. A.H.M. Ahmad
Prof. M.E.A. Mondal
Dr. Yunus Ali P.

Registration Committee:
Dr. Kr. Farahim Khan
Dr. M. Shamim Khan
Dr. Abdullah Khan

Inaugural Committee:
Prof. Liaqat A. K. Rao
Prof. Abu Talib
Prof. Rashid Umar
Prof. M.E.A. Mondal
Dr. Sarwar Rais

Transport and Accommodation Committee:
Mr. Tariq Siddique
Dr. Mohd. Irfan Ahmad

Technical Committee:
Dr. Shabber Habib Alvi
Dr. S. A. Rashid
Dr. Yunus Ali P

Refreshment & Food Committee:
Dr. M. Shamim Khan
Dr. Abdullah Khan
Dr. S. A. Rashid

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Landslide Susceptibility Mapping using Analytic Hierarchy Process along
NH 1D from Sonamarg to Kargil, J&K, India

Aadil Manzoor Nanda, Zahoor ul Hassan, Pervez Ahmed and T.A.Kanth

Department of Geography & Regional Development, University of Kashmir-190006, Srinagar

e-mail: [email protected]

The NH 1D from Sonamarg to Kargil is known as one of the most landslide susceptible areas in
Kashmir and Ladakh division. From 1992 to 2016, a total of 400 landslide events had been reported in
this area based on historical information, remote sensing images, and extensive field surveys. The aim
of the present study was to generate a landslide susceptibility zonation map using Analytic Hierarchy
Process (AHP) model in a GIS environment along NH 1D from Sonamarg to Kargil, J&K in the north
west Himaliyas. For this purpose, a landslide susceptibility zonation map was prepared and landslide
inducing geo-environmental factors like slope, lithology, rainfall, landuse/landcover, distance from
road, distance from faults, distance from rivers, altitude, geomorphology and aspect, were considered:.
A thematic layer map was generated for every geo environmental factor using Remote Sensing, GIS
and secondary data. These factors were then weighted using a pair wise comparison matrix based on
Saaty’s 9 point scale and the weights were normalized through the Eigen vector method in MATLAB
6.1.software. The maps were integrated using weighted overlay module of Arc GIS 10.2 software and
the final Landslide zonation map was generated. The study has shows that Topographical and
Geological factors of Slope and Lithology respectively emerge as the most significant factors
influencing the landslide occurrence in the study area.

Page1

Rainfall Induced Landslide Hazard Assessment and Susceptibility
Zonation along NH 1D from Ganiwan to Gumri (J & K)

Aadil Manzoor Nanda, Zahoor Ul Hassan, Pervez Ahmed and T. A. Kanth

Department of Geography & Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar J&K, India
e-mail: [email protected]

The aim of this study is to generate reliable susceptibility maps using weights of rainfall events and
landslide occurrence models based on (land-area-based/location) using geographic information system
(GIS) and remote sensing for the NH 1D from Ganiwan to Gumri, Jammu and Kashmir. Initially,
landslide locations were identified by previous available reports, field surveys and a total of 221
landslides were mapped from Ganiwan to Gumri along NH 1D since 1992-2011 from various sources.
The present study reveals that 114 landslide events were found to have significant correlation with
precipitation occurrence and remaining landslide episodes seem to have occurred due to slope factor.
The landslides were categorized into five categories on the basis of frequency of occurrence over a
period of time from 1992 to 2011. The results of the statistical analysis with the general linear regression
model showed that the maximum landslide occurrence is explained by precipitation increase except at
certain point of time where landslide occurrence seems to be related to other factors as well. The study
was further corroborated by Landslide Susceptibility Zonation utilizing two different weighting
procedures in a GIS environment. The first method is Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) whereby the
relative weights of causative factor are obtained from pair-wise comparison matrix. It indicates that the
slope angle is the most important parameter followed by lithology. The integration of the various
causative factors in a single landslide susceptibility index (LSI) was based on the weighted linear sum
method. The second method employed has the information value model. It is a statistical method for
spatial prediction of an event based on the parameter and event relationship. It has been very useful
method for landslide susceptibility mapping by determining the influence of parameters governing
landslide occurrence in an area. The study has proven beyond doubt that steep slopes, lithology and
precipitation regimes are the major causative factors of landslides.

Page2

Morphodynamical changes in Amery ice shelf, Eastern Antarctica: Past
reconstruction and future prediction modelling

Aakriti Srivastava1,2, Avinash Kumar2

1Department of Earth Sciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal
2National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Earth System Science Organisation, Ministry of

Earth Science (Govt. of India), Headland Sada, Goa

The Amery ice shelf (AIS) plays a critical role in Earth’s climate system and its dynamics and mass
balance are intricately linked to changes in global climate and sea level. The AIS morphological change
study was carried out to understand the global ocean circulation and climate systemduring austral
summer months (JFM) between 2000 and 2016 using multi-dated MODIS satellite images. The study
area extends for 460 km between the Utstikkar Bay and the DavisVestfold Hills which occupies a
large embayment of the Mackenzie Bay and the Prydz Bay and divided into three sectors and each
sector into a number of transects at uniform intervals (i.e., 5km). Further, past ice shelf positions were
demarcated and future positions are estimated for 5- and10- years. The rate of change in the AIS
coastline position has been estimated using the statistical methods—end point rate (EPR), average of
rates (AOR) and linear regression (LR)—and cross-validated with correlation coefficient and root-
mean-square error (RMSE) methods.Further, the climate indices in the Indian Ocean sectors of east
Antarctica, such as Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Southern Oscillation Index
(SOI), were attempted to linked with the AIS coastline changes at different sectors (I-III). Resultant
changes in the AIS coastline have been inferred from the estimated values of the back-calculated errors.
About 51% of transects exhibit ±200 m RMSE values, indicating better agreement between the
estimated and satellite-based ice-shelf positions, and the transects closer to the cell boundaries exhibit
47 % uncertainties in coastline change rate estimations. Coastline change rate results computed using
the EPR and LR methods are corresponding close to the change rate pattern in all the sectors; therefore,
these methods were used for the prediction of future coastline positions. The computed results of LR
method suggest that most of the transects in all the sectors have highly significant correlation coefficient
(>0.412). Based on the values of correlation coefficient and RMSE, the influence of natural processes
and human interventions on coastline changes has been calculated. Significant morphological changes
in the Amery Ice shelf have been recorded at every 5-year and attempted linked with major climatic
events. The present study demonstrates that the combined use of satellite imagery and statistical
techniques can be very useful in quantifying and predicting the coastline changes and to examine long-
term ice shelf morphological variability over the entire Amery ice shelf.

Page3

Evaluation of Landuse/Landcover Dynamics in Rembiara Watershed of
Kashmir Valley (J&K)

Abaas A. Mir, Aadil Manzoor Nanda, Pervez Ahmed, Fayaz A. Lone and T.A.Kant5

Department of Geography & Regional Development, University of Kashmir-190006, Srinagar

[email protected]

Land use and Land cover changes have been among the most important pervasive and visible form of
environmental changes taking place around us and this change is the outcome of natural and socio-
economic factors. Increased demand, or pressure on land resources, shows up a declining crop
production, degradation of land quality and quantity, fragmentation, and competition for land. This
study analyses changes in landuse/ cover in the Rembiara watershed of Kashmir Valley. It has an area
of about 738.82 sq km. and is characterized by stupendous growth in population in the last few decades.
The multi-temporal landuse/ land cover mapping and change detection analysis was carried out,
Satellite data was used for the year1990 and 2010 with adequate ground validation to come up with a
land use/land cover map classification for the study area. The analysis reveals that the Agriculture class
of Land use is undergoing continuous negative change in terms of composition and extent. The rate of
deforestation and forest conversion has also increased while built up and Horticulture has registered a
positive change. Dense forest class with decrease of 2.01 percent. Within two decades from 1990-2010,
a decrease of 4.28 percent change has occurred in the agriculture category of land use. Continuous
assessments of land use/land cover changes in the study area and proper land use planning is required
for optimum and systematic development.

Page4

A GIS based value chain structure for rural development

Abdul Qadir1, Mohammed Jamshed2, Shamim Ahmad2

1Interdisciplinary Dept. of Remote Sensing and GIS Application, A.M.U., Aligarh, India
2Department of Agriculture Economics and Business Management, A.M.U., Aligarh, India

Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

During the last decade, the rural development through value chain approach has increasingly been
adopted by governments and NGOs across the nation to maximize efforts and minimize wastages.
Value Chain entails the entire range of activities to physically transform a product from input-supply
stage to various phases of production till consumption through participation of various producers and
service providers. This study is structured to draw interventions to inline the missing links from rural
development. These missing links are: 1) the resources in rural hinterlands are wide-spread and
untapped; 2) the quality usage of these resources needs expert handholding which is mostly unavailable
or disintegrated; 2) they have very few alternatives to utilize these resources strategically; 3) there are
absence of demand driven skill development opportunities; 4) lack of inevitable approach and dearth
of pro-active support mechanism; 5) shortage of production driven market; and 6) dependency on
intermediaries. The objective is to prepare a structural framework to develop an efficient value chain
for rural development by collaborating ICT, Remote Sensing and GIS. Many spatial modeling and rural
development programs have developed by experts and policy makers from varied disciplines. The task
is to collaborating these models and programs in the GIS environment with the systematic value chain
framework. Such knowledge based value chain with remote sensing and GIS will able to provide
information about spatial impacts of alternative programs that can be evaluated to help policymakers
in selecting the most appropriate plan for the locality. GIS can used to evaluate various programs at
various stages. The program goals are to improve agricultural practices, to provide extension services,
to encourage cash and/or high value crops production, to ensure food security, to make up for shortages,
to clear land for next cropping season, to improve irrigation, fishery, animal husbandry arrangements
and to implement waste, pest and watershed management.

Page5

Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Contamination of Fluoride,
Medak Region, Telangana State, South India

Adimalla Narsimha, Sanda Rajitha, Venkatayogi Sudarshan

Department of Applied Geochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007, India

Email: [email protected]

Hydrogeochemical investigation of fluoride contaminated groundwater samples from Medak district in
Telangana are undertaken to understand the quality and portability of groundwater from the study area,
the level of fluoride contamination, the origin and geochemical mechanisms driving the fluoride
enrichment. The groundwater is the main source of water for their living. The groundwater in villages
and its surrounding are affected by fluoride contamination and consequently the majority of the people
living in these villages has health hazards and is facing fluorosis. The purpose of this study is to identify
geochemical processes and using characterization of the major physico-chemical parameters of
groundwater from study area. For this purpose, 194 groundwater samples have collected and analyzed
for different water quality parameters, such as pH, EC, TDS, TH, calcium, magnesium, sodium,
potassium, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulfate and fluoride with the help of standard
methods recommended by American Public Health Association. The results of the analyzed parameters
formed the attribute database for geographical information system (GIS) analysis and final output maps.
Fluoride ion concentrations ranged between 0.4 and 7.1 mg/L with mean values of 1.69 mg/L in the
groundwater suggest that favourable conditions exist for the dissolution of fluoride bearing minerals
present in the granite and gneissic rocks in the study area, whereas, distribution pattern showed high
concentrations in the vicinity of Siddipet, Chinnakodur and Nangnoor. Due to the higher fluoride level
in drinking water, several cases of dental and skeletal fluorosis have appeared at alarming rate in this
region. The highly alkaline conditions indicated fluorite dissolution as major process responsible for
high concentration of fluoride in eastern part of the Medak. Fluoride has a very weak correlation with
pH which may be due to the increase of alkalinity resulting from the increase of bicarbonate ions. While
the deficiency of calcium ion concentration in the groundwater from calcite precipitation favours
fluorite dissolution leading to excess fluoride concentration. The comparison of TDS versus
Na/(Na+Ca) and Cl/(Cl+HCO3) points to the dominance of rock weathering as the main process, which
promotes the availability of fluoride in the groundwater. The presence of high fluoride in groundwater
poses a serious health threat to the rural populace in the region.

Page6

Composition of the Upper Kaimur Group sediments, Vindhyan
Supergroup, Son Valley, Central India: insights into provenance and

tectonic setting

Adnan Quasim M., A.H.M. Ahmad, A.A. Ghaznavi, Z. Khan

Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002

Email: [email protected]

The Mesoproterozoic Kaimur Group belongs to the upper part of the Vindhyan Supergroup, which
overlies the carbonate-rich sequence of the Semri Group (Lower Vindhyan), conformably in the Son
Valley, Central India. The Upper Kaimur Group of the Vindhyan Supergroup in Central India, primarily
consists of three rock types-Dhandraul Sandstone, Scarp Sandstone and Bijaigarh Shale were studied
to infer the framework composition, provenance and tectonic setting. Petrographic studies based on
quantitative analysis of the detrital minerals reveal that these sediments (mainly sandstones) are mostly
composed of quartz, feldspar, mica, sedimentary and metamorphic rock fragments and heavies. The
Dhandraul and Scarp sandstones are dominantly sublitharenite and quartz arenite in composition having
an average framework composition Qt99F0.1L0.8 and Qt99F0.2L0.8 respectively. Petrographical data
suggest that the deposition of the Upper Kaimur Group sandstones took place in humid climate and
was derived from mixed provenances. The sandstone composition suggests detritus from igneous rocks,
metamorphic rocks, and recycled sedimentary rocks. The Qt-F-L and Qm-F-Lt tectonic discrimination
diagrams suggest that the provenances of the Upper Kaimur Group sandstones were continental block,
recycled orogen to quartzose recycled tectonic regimes. It is envisaged that the Paleo and
Mesoproterozoic granite, granodiorite, gneiss, and metasedimentary rocks of Mahakoshal Group and
Chotanagpur granite–gneiss present in the western and northwestern direction are the possible source
rocks for the Upper Kaimur Group in the Son Valley.

Page7

Land use land cover changes in parts of Varanasi city using remote sensing
and GIS techniques

Afzal Ansari, Vasi Uddin Siddiqui, Sami-Ullah Qadir, Weqar Ahmed Siddiqui

Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia
Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India

Email: [email protected]

Global environment is a dynamic feature influenced by natural as well as human activities. Industrial
development considerably accelerates the rate and speed of such changes in which land use and land
cover change is the prime challenges. Land use mapping is an important tool for land resource planning,
utilization and measurement of the countries. Land use changes are influenced by several factors such
as human settlements, agriculture and soil erosion etc. Updated land use maps are needed to show these
changes particularly in rural areas for efficient management of agricultural land resources. With the
development of new technologies the scope of land degradation and land use maps has increased.
Particularly with convergence of various spatial technologies like GIS, GPS, photogrammetry, and
remote sensing for providing information regarding the changes, planning and decision making at local
levels. Updated land use and degradation map can be used as one of the input to create a land
information system which can support land management by providing information about land use
change, degradation of land resources, and the improvements made to these maps can be used as
multipurpose administrative tool. Thus we can say that land use and degradation maps can provide us
with enhanced knowledge for the proper management and control of land resources which focus on
sustainable approach. In past land use and degradation mapping was related only to land property
ownership. But now with changing scenario the mode of land use changed from ownership to control
and management of land resources for sustainable development of the country.

Page8

Relative tectonic activity along the Panjal Thrust, and the Zanskar Thrust
NW Himalaya, J&K, India: Insights from the Geomorphic indices and
seismicity

Ahsan Afzal Wani, Bikram Singh Bali

Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir Srinagar, India

Email [email protected]

The Himalayan Orogeny belt, formed as a result of collision, shows abundant evidence of neotectonic
activity and the occurrence of historical and ongoing low magnitude high frequency earthquakes. Its
frontal deformation zone is characterized, in some segments, by intermontane longitudinal valleys
(duns). Such frontal segments of the Himalaya are marked by the occurrence of multiple mountain
fronts. In one such segment of the mountains of the Northwest Himalaya, the intermontane Kashmir
basin is developed and marked by two mountain fronts: MF1 associated with the Panjal Thrust (PT)
and Balapor Fault (BF) and MF2 associated with the Zanskar Thrust (ZT).With this aim we tests data
mining/generating method for evaluation of the “IRTA” (Index of Relative Tectonic Activity) to
investigate the impact of tectonic processes (mountain building)/features (Thrust Faults, folds, joints)
on geomorphic processes and landscape evolution. Based upon K-means clustering of six basin-related
geomorphic indices (the Hypsometric integral (Hi), Asymmetry factor (Af), Mountain front
sinuosity(Smf), Basin shape (Circularity ratio (KA) and Elongation ratio(Eb)), Form factor(Ff),
Bifurcation ratio (Rb) and Sinuosity index(Si) that represent the relative strength of active tectonic
control on topography,morphology and drainage. The relative tectonic activity of nine sub basins along
the Zanskar Thrust and Panjal Thrust in the Northwest Himalayan was quantified. The results have
been classified into low(Class1), moderate(class2) and high (class3) relative tectonic activity zones
based on the quantified geomorphic indices, earthquake data and field observations. The results allow
the identification of the clusters of similarly deformed areas related to relative tectonic activity of Panjal
Thrust (PT) and Zanskar Thrust (ZT). The synergized results of geomorphic parameters (IRTA),
geomorphology, Earthquake frequency as well as the field observations reveal change in tectonic
activities from the Pir Panjal basins with the highest tectonic activity to the Great Himalayan basins
with least tectonic activity. The overall results infer the tectonic activity die out towards the north of
the Kashmir Valley. It was observed that the highest tectonic activity mostly corresponds to the sub
basins in vicinity of the Panjal thrust and Balapor fault stretching 90Km from Shopian to the Budgam.
The least tectonic activity was found to be associated with the Zanskar thrust lying to the North part of
the valley with least tectonic disturbance.

Page9

Remote Sensing and GIS in active fault studies in the northwest
Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Ahsan Ul Haq, Sundeep K Pandita, Yudhbir Singh, Gulham M Bhat, Arjun Singh,
Rameshwar Sangra, Ravi Sharma, Masood Ali

Department of Geology, University of Jammu, India
Email: [email protected]

Nature always tries to spend the least possible amount of energy, due to this fact we won't be wrong to
say that the water will follow the path of tectonic structure i.e, faults, lineaments etc which are much
vulnerable to erosion than to dig a valley and same is for topography. The present study is an
interdisciplinary approach where Remote sensing techniques are used to analyze the landscape in terms
of the impact of active tectonics on the topography, development of lineaments, and deflection in stream
path in the Kishtwar basin of the northwest Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir. We have used high
resolution Satellite imageries i.e, Cartosat-1 stereo-Orthokit data with 2.5 m spatial resolution to know
the tectonic induced geomorphology of the area. The Satellite data Cartosat-1 (Orthokit product) is
orthorectified for geospatial information and to make images planimetrically correct by refining rational
polynomial coefficients (RPC). The ground control points (GCPs) are further added to improve the
accuracy of final ortho rectified output. Imageries are processed in ENVI software to extract Digital
Elevation Model (DEM), and Anaglyphs whereas Hill shaded images, are extracted using ArcGIS
10.3.3. The extraction involves matching of 200 tie points of "Band-A" and "Band-F" of Cartosat
Images and generation of left and right Epi-polar Imageries with the maximum Y parallax 0.034. The
anaglyphs and hill shaded images helped us to identify two fault scarps and drainage shifting of the
Chenab river in Kishtwar basin (JandK). The upliftment is visualized by using stereoscope and 3D
goggles. The tectonic deformation along these faults has been confirmed in the field. Thus the
techniques of remote sensing can be used as an important tool in interpretating the tectonic deformation
and landscape studies of an area.

Page10

Earthquake risk assessment loss estimation and mapping: A case study of
Delhi

Aiman Khan

GIS Department, BSES Rajdhani Power Limited, New Delhi, India

Email: [email protected]

It is seen with a historical data with earthquake that Delhi is prone to severe earthquake damage both
by nearby earthquake and by large earthquake occurring in Himalayas. This study focuses on seismic
risk and vulnerability assessment of Delhi using RADIUS methodology. With the help of building data,
population data, soil type, building type and life line, assessment is done for two wards of southeast
Delhi. The areas of high risk are identified on the basis of average MMI, average PGA, damaged
building counts, deaths and injuries.

Loss estimation and mapping is done according to the various effecting parameters and the accordance
with the selected historic earthquake of khurja in 1956 with the magnitude of 6.7. epicenter distance
20kms and occurrence time 04:22 hours. The scenario is generated and risk maps are produced ward
wise. Zones varying from high risk probability to low risk probability are identified and concluded with
the help of results. However, the results obtained maybe considered to accurate to certain limited extent.
As the analysis demands presence of full inventory of buildings stalk and also more precise parameters
for detailed research.

Page11

Prediction of bird richness using IRS LISS IVand Landsat 8 OLI datasets

Aimon Bushra1*, Afifullah Khan2, Hitendra Padalia1, Athira K.V.3

1Forestry and Ecology Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun, 248001, India
2Department of Wildlife Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
3National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, 5755025, India

Email: [email protected]

Although urbanization is one of the major factors causing decline in biodiversity, it also supports the
species that are adapted to urban environments. The remnant patches of natural vegetation along with
home gardens, orchards and urban parks serve as refuge sites for many urban adapters and forest
dwelling bird species. Since birds are good ecological indicators, they can be used to evaluate the
ambience of urban areas. Recent advances in Remote Sensing techniques have helped considerably to
predict and map potential biodiversity rich pockets at landscape scales. In this study we investigated
the utility of variables derived from IRS LISS IV and Landsat 8 OLI satellite images for predicting bird
richness. Bird richness was found to be positively related with greenness and elevation whereas
negatively related with percentage of built-ups, habitat heterogeneity and impervious surface cover.
Out of the five variables used, only LISS IV derived variables (percentage of built-up, vegetation cover)
and elevation contributed significantly in the predictive modelling. The Generalized Linear Model
(GLM) explained about 80% variation in the bird richness with D2 = 0.81. The study urges to
incorporate green spaces in urban planning and to make use of high resolution satellite data for
identifying biodiversity rich pockets in urban landscapes.

Page12

Reconstruction of Jurassic palaeoenvironment based on the Foraminifera
of Jara Dome, Kutch, Gujarat, India

Ainul H. Ansari1*, Syed Md. Wasim2, Avneet Kumar1

1Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002
2Department of Geology, D.S.D. College, Aligarh, DBRAU, Agra, India

Email: [email protected]

Benthic Foraminiferal assemblages comprising twenty-six species are reported from Jara Dome, Kutch.
Of these, twelve are being recorded for the first time from the Indian region “Pyramidulina amphioxys,
Frandicularia cf. pseudoconcinna, Lenticulina atheria, Lenticulina audex, Lenticulina jurassica,
Lenticulina nodosa, Neoflabellina ovalis, Vaginulinopsis enodis, Marginulina aff. M. caelata,
Lenticulina sp., Citharina sp., and Vaginulina sp.”. The Foraminiferal assemblages are dominated by
the family Vaginulinidae comprising 22 species belonging to nine genera, covering 84.62% of the total
species. The Foraminiferal assemblages are employed to interpret age and depositional environment of
these sediments. On the basis of the Foraminiferal assemblages, most of the Foraminiferal Species is
marker in Callovian age globally as well as Indian region, so the Callovian age is assigned to the studied
litho-unit of the Jara Dome, Kutch. Several contemporary techniques are employed to draw a fairly
accurate picture of the Palaeoenvironment as well as fluctuation in sea level. This indicates that the
overall deposition of the studied litho-unit took place in fluctuated an open ocean, shallow marine shelf
environment ranging from mid to outer shelf with normal salinity and high level of dissolved
oxygenated environment.

Page13

Lithological and structural evaluation of Cretaceous Rocks, Trichinopoly
Tamil Nadu: using remote sensing and GIS techniques

Ajhar Hussain1, Neeraj Sharma2

1Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
2Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay 400076, India

Email: [email protected]

The present work describes to demonstrate a basic framework of the spatial relationship between
lithological and structural units of the Cretaceous rocks, Trichinopoly Tamil Nadu by the help of remote
sensing and GIS data. Different useful techniques like Multi spectral remote sensing (LANDSAT+ and
ASTER) image enhancement and interpretation proved to be useful tool in identification, detection,
and delineation of lithological rock units and geological structures associated with mineral deposits.
The Cretaceous rocks of Tamil Nadu is a part of Cauvery Basin and its northern part, Ariyalur –
Pondicherry sub basin is aligned NE – SW and extend to the offshore in the west by Archean granites
and gneisses and south by subsurface Kumbakonam – Shiyali ridge and east by offshore area. The
Cretaceous rocks of southern India are largely exposed to the northwestern part of the Cauvery basin
where they are extensively overlapped and interrupted in their lateral continuity by the younger Tertiary
rocks and alluvium. On the other hand the geological succession is fairly continuous in the subsurface,
where it is represented by rocks ranging in age from Early Cretaceous to Tertiary. The exposures of the
Cretaceous formations of southern India are limited to five detached outcropping patches, namely:
Sivaganga, Thanjavur, Tiruchchirappalli, Vriddachalam in Tamil Nadu and in the Union Territory of
Pondicherry. These are aligned approximately in the north northeast –south southwest direction. The
areal extent of the Thanjavur exposure is perhaps the smallest and the one in Tiruchchirappalli district
is the largest and best developed. The main structural framework of the Cauvery basin is of horst and
graben type, comprising of ridges and depressions (sub-basins). A boundary fault along the western
margin is probably responsible for the development of the basin. The structural disturbances are few
which are mainly expressed in the form of faults. Two faults are observed in the south, where limestone
is faulted against the conglomerate at very high angle near Kallakkudi.

Remote sensing with GIS have been proved an important tool for locating sites of mineral deposits and
their signatures for further exploration. LANDSAT data which provide valuable lithological and
structural information both at regional and district level demarcate the major structures like faults, folds,
joints and lineaments which are the main sites of mineralization. With higher spatial and spectral
resolution they have potential not only demarcate altered rock but hydrothermal mineral assemblage as
well as individual minerals.

Page14

Petrogenetic studies of the Panjal Traps from Pahalgam (South Kashmir),
North-west Himalaya, North India

Akhtar R. Mir

Department of Geology, Leh campus, University of Kashmir

Email: [email protected]

Samples were collected from seven flows at Lidderwat section (Pahalgam) and four flows exposed at
Aru section (Pahalgam). Most important field features seen at the outcrop are stouter columnar patterns
and vesicles of Lidderwat section and Amygdule structures of Aru section. The vesicles generally range
in size from less than 1 cm to more than 8 cm. The infillings of vesicles is more or less selective; the
elongated vesicles are mostly filled with chlorite where as rounded ones have quartz as there infillings;
chalcedonic silica also occurs in certain vesicles. The amygdales show chalcedony in core characterized
by fibrous or radiating sheaths lined by chlorite layer which is succeeded by epidote layer. Sometime
amygdules are filled with calcite. Panjal volcanics of Lidderwat section are mostly basalts and basaltic
andesites. They are composed of Plagioclase feldspar and pyroxenes; groundmass is represented by
microliths of these minerals and their alteration products. Opaque minerals varying in size from
microscopic dust to small grains are present. Ophitic to sub-ophitic textures are widespread in these
rocks. The composition of the pyroxene in the lower flows is represented by Ca-rich clinopyroxene
whereas Fe-rich augites are found in upper flows. In addition to plagioclase feldspar and pyroxenes,
Aru section samples are rich in amphiboles. Plagioclase and pyroxenes are highly altered in Aru section
samples. Based on the CIPW normative composition all studied samples are quartz normative, showing
silica-saturated magma composition. Based on SiO2 vs. Na2O+K2O diagram, samples from both
sections are subalkaline (tholeiites) in nature, however, Aru section samples plot in basalt
compositional field whereas Lidderwat section samples plot in basaltic andesite and basaltic trachy
andesite fields. On harker variation (SiO2 vs other oxides) diagrams samples from both sections follow
different trends. Aru section samples show trends which are consistent with fractional crystallization
of early minerals like olivine, plagioclase, pyroxenes, however, Lidderwat samples do not show clear
trends on harker variation diagrams. These different trends shown by studied samples may imply
different parental sources and/or different tectonic settings for Lidderwat and Aru section samples. On
AFM (A= Na2O+K2O, FeO* = total iron as FeO, and M = MgO) diagram studied samples follow
tholeiitic and iron enrichment trend direction. Thus, AFM diagram supports iron enrichement in
residual melts and suggests crystallization has happened under low oxygen fugacity (fO2) conditions.
On tectonic discrimination ternary diagrams such as MgO-Al2O3-Fe2O3(t) and K2O-P2O5-TiO2
Lidderwat samples plot in continental tholeiite fields whereas Aru samples plot in oceanic tholeiite
fields which may suggest that Lidderwat and Aru Panjal Traps has different magmatic evolutionary
history.

Page15

Hydro geomorphic mapping and delineation of groundwater potential
zones using remote sensing and GIS in a rainfed river basin, Bundelkhand

region (U.P.)

Akram Javed, Sadiya Idris Khan

Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, India

Email: [email protected]

Water is essential for life, hence its importance comes next to air. Water resources of a nation play a
significant role in its prosperity and human development. Groundwater is a vital natural resource for
the economic development and secure provision of drinking water, especially in arid and semi-arid
areas, that experience shortage of water resources. Since groundwater is the largest available source of
fresh water, it has become crucial not only for targeting of groundwater potential zones, but also
monitoring and conserving this important resource. The present study was carried out with aim of
identifying potential zones for ground water abstraction and recharge. To bring out the groundwater
potential zones different thematic maps viz; drainage, lineament, geomorphology, DEM, slope and land
use land cover were prepared using Arc map 10 software. IRS P6 LISS III images of 23. 5 meter
resolution was layered stack in Erdas imagine to produce FCC and was geometrically rectified using
image to image method. Visual interpretation technique was used to classify image into 13 land use
land cover categories. Hydro geomorphic mapping was carried out using the same FCC and required
corrections were made after limited filed survey. A classified thematic map showing the priority areas
for optimum utilisation of groundwater resources of Sajnam watershed has been derived. It indicates
that the plateaus lineaments, hill and ridges act as groundwater recharge zones and pediments valley
fills act as good to moderate groundwater potential zones.

Page16

Bathymetric Mapping in Lake and Coastal regions using Sentinel 2 images

Ali. P Yunus1, Jie Dou2, and N. Sravanthi3

1Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India

2Public Works Research Institute, Tsukuba 300 2621, Japan

3South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou 510 301, China

[email protected]

Aquatic environments are some of the dynamic regions of the earth. Among the aquatic systems,
bathymetry or the depths of underwater terrain is one of the most important parameter that is constantly
reworked and changing both in space and time. The rapid reworks in bathymetry are because of the
change in the patterns of energy dispersal and related sediment transport pathways. This paper focuses
on the application of the Sentinel-2 OLCI images for satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) maps of the
lakes and nearshore, at a high resolution (10 m) images. The algorithm was tuned with available
bathymetric Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data. A comparison of the retrieved depths is
presented, enabling the configuration of nearshore profiles and extracted isobaths to be explored and
compared with traditional topographic/bathymetric techniques. The results demonstrate that the linear
algorithm is efficient for retrieving bathymetry from OLCI data for shallow water depths (0 to 12 m),
showing a root mean square error of less than 2 m. The use of freely available satellite imagery proved
to be a quick and reliable method for acquiring updated medium resolution, high-frequency, low-cost
bathymetric information for large areas.

Page17

Localization of hydrothermal alteration zones around Pithoragarh
(Uttarakhand) using Hyperion Hyperspectral Data

Amir Hamaza Moin Ansari

Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh – 202002, India

Email: [email protected]

The identification and recognition of hydrothermal alteration assemblages have provided important
evidence for the assessment of hydrothermal deposits. The present study of hydrothermally altered
minerals has been conducted on a small strip of the Hyperion image containing the Pithoragarh town
in eastern Kumaon Himalaya in Uttarakhand state. EO-1 Hyperion hyperspectral data has been used
for the hydrothermal alteration mapping. Reflectance and emittance spectroscopy in the VNIR and
SWIR regions which offer an effective way in mineral identification and possible localized mapping.
A Hyperion image was first input to ENVI to compensate for the removal of atmospheric effects for
discarding bad bands from the dataset. Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transformation was applied
to reduce the data noise and spectral dimensionality. Pixel Purity Index (PPI) and n-Dimensional
visualization were used for extracting the pure pixels. These pure pixels were compared using a mineral
spectral library distributed from United States Geological Survey (USGS) as a reference and was used
in Spectral Angle Mapping (SAM) to classify the image for identifying the occurrences of same
minerals. It is inferred that lithounits are elongated in a direction and are juxtaposed against each other
along tectonic features like major thrusts and faults, which could serve as conduits for upwelling
hydrothermal fluids. The results revealed the potential use of Hyperion data in precise altered mineral
identification and mapping.

Page18

Identification of potential recharge zones in Bhadar Watershed Area of
Gujarat: A GIS-Based planning approach

Ajanta Goswami, Amit Vishwakarma, Benudhar Pradhan

Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India

Email: [email protected]

The earth encompasses a history of around 4500 million years after its formation and evolution, where
the atmosphere has undergone periodic fluctuations and severe changes in it. The climate kept on
changing ever since the atmosphere existed with mild to extreme variations in its components on local
to regional scale and impacting a net global atmospheric change. Thus, for a country like India having
diversified geographies, the nation is wholly impacted by such an interaction in the form of monsoon
which has always been erratic and variable in its effect and characters. The present study thrives on this
base and evaluates that climatic variability through its atmospheric elements are correlated to extreme
events of drought which is a phenomenon of slow occurrence but recurring frequently over repeated
periods of dry spell. India has around 68% of its area suffering from severe to moderate drought
situation. Nearly half of it belongs to chronically drought prone where the mean annual rainfall is less
than 750 mm. The Bhadar basin in Saurashtra region of Gujarat is such an area where the annual rainfall
is moderate to low impacting the stream discharge at non-peak seasons and its capability in
environmental sustainability. The climatic assessment of Bhadar basin is made for its drought
characterization using useful Aridity indices, Climatic parameters and Ombrothermic curve graphs. In
such a scenario, the GIS offers us a cost-effective tool to make a remote study of the watershed after its
delineation from satellite acquired SRTM-DEM, creation of thematic Landsat-based raster layers of
slope, land use, drainage and stream-orders, soil-classification and extracted layer of fractured and weak
zones of faulting and intersecting Lineaments in the watershed. A spatial analysis is applied over the
study area using multi-criteria approach by weighted overlay method and the search for feasible zones
was made to locate potential source of water recharge sites as a part of future land-use planning for
mitigating and managing drought situations in the watershed area. This would sufficiently support the
agriculture and normal life of the people falling under the drought regimes in near future in this part of
Bhadar basin. Key words: Aridity indices, Ombrothermic curve, Spatial analysis, Landsat and GIS

Page19

Morphometric analysis and physiographic implications in Dikrong Basin
using Earth Observation techniques

Ajanta Goswami, Amit Vishwakarma

Department of Earth Sciences, IIT Roorkee (Uttarakhand) - 247667, India

Email: [email protected]

The development of a region through its socio-economic progress is manifested by the physiography
running across the basin it lies. An early precursor to such a scenario is reflected by ways the watersheds
are looked up and the basin is managed. For a holistic planning in the direction of development,
morphometric characterization of basin would form a preliminary enquiry in the success of such
developmental goals. The current paper focusses on morphometric characteristics of Dikrong sub-basin
of Subansiri river in Brahmaputra basin. Quantitative morphometry revealing linear, aerial and relief
characters of Dikrong basin are evaluated by manual digitization of SOI topographic sheets on the scale
of 1:50000. For delineating drainage network ASTER DEM data with 30m resolution was downloaded
from USGS source link and processed in ArcGIS software to calculate relief features and other
morphometric parameters. Various thematic maps of drainage density, slope, relative relief, elevation
and center of gravity were prepared in GIS software. Drainage map of the study area reveals a dendritic
pattern with drainage network up to 7th order comprising of a total 5932 streams. The length of the
largest seventh order stream in the basin is 51.96 km. The average weighted mean bifurcation ratio is
4.38 indicating that the basin suffered very less deformations due to tecto-structural disturbances in
recent years. The drainage density of 3.1 km-1 indicates less permeability in sub-soils and high
mountainous relief with low infiltration capacity. The form factor of 0.22, elongation ratio of 0.56 and
circulatory ratio of 0.24 indicates that the basin is much more elongated and possessing a fine drainage
texture. More than 30 such morphometric parameters were studied to estimate the basin quantitatively
and underline stage of landform degradation. Space technology together with GIS have been efficiently
used in in morphometric analysis to gain an insight into geo-tectonic evolution of land and subsequent
landform degradations in a mature fluvial system.

Page20

Stability assessment of road cut slopes in parts of tectonically active
Himalayan region

A.R. Roul1*, S.P. Pradhan1, T. Siddique1,2

1Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247667
2Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002

Email: [email protected]

Transportation routes are the arteries for the socio-economic development in the hilly regions of
Himalayas. The mountainous terrains of Himalaya witness large landslides throughout the year which
is a major concern among geoscientists, engineers constructors, planners and authorities for swift and
sustainable development of the region. Frequent mass movement of debris and rock slopes in the region
occur due to tectonic and other natural factors like complex geology, geomorphology and often
triggering factor like rainfall, earthquake etc. The ultimately cause lots of inconvenience to the traffic,
inevitable destruction to lives and property. In recent times anthropogenic factors aggravated slope
instability to a great extent. In this study, many landslide zones have been identified along national
highway 58 from Devprayag to Silani. Four vulnerable road cut sections from Devprayag to Silani have
been demarcated and evaluated in detail by rock mass characterization tool. Slope mass rating results
of cut slopes revealed that Slope S1 and S2 are partially stable, S3 is unstable and S4 is falling under
completely unstable grade. To identify different structurally controlled failures, kinematic analyses of
slopes have been conducted which revealed that planar failure is likely to occur at discrete locations.
Results obtained by rock mass classification and kinematic analysis have been corroborated which are
showing good correlation with each other and also showing good agreement with the prevailing field
conditions. To reduce inevitable impact of slope failures cost effective remedial measures have been
suggested along the route.

Page21

Neural Network based modelling for forest biomass assessment in Jhajhra
Forest Range, Uttarakhand

Anam Ahsan1, Subrata Nandy1, Afifullah Khan2

1Forest and Ecology Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun, 248001, India
2Department of Wildlife Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India

Email: [email protected]

Biomass assessment using remote sensing techniques is an important parameter for characterizing
forest ecosystem. Above and below ground biomass estimation is critical component to study carbon
stocks and the effects of deforestation and carbon sequestration on the worldwide carbon equilibrium.
The present study on modeling biomass in Jhajhra forest range using neural networking approach
attempts to couple ground based vegetation quantification with the satellite remote sensing data. In the
initial approach Vegetation type and density map was prepared by using IRS LISS III satellite data.
The study aims to extract the different spectral, spatial and topographic variables that are significant to
biomass estimation. Spectral variables comprise vegetation indices and spatial variables include the
texture analysis. Among the variables the key parameters was than identified by means of artificial
neural network technique to recognize the best predicted variables for biomass. The results indicate that
there is significant relationships of biomass with spectral variables in comparison to topographic and
spatial variables. The ground sample points were validated with coefficient of determination of 0.80
using ANN (Artificial Neural Network) modelling approach.

Page22

Mapping of existing oil fields in Ankleshwar and optimal pipeline
alignment using RS and GIS Techniques

Anam Akhtar1, Arpita Shalini2, Hetvi Shah2

1109, Faithful Ganj (Cantt), Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208 004, India
2Bidholi, via Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248 007, India

Email: [email protected]

The purpose of the pipeline alignment is to display engineering data in relation to the pipeline location
and land base features. To get crude oil from well and various final product from refinery, pipeline is
used for the purpose of transportation. This goes to be very cheap in economic context although such
linear and long network occupies large geographical area because of specific sources of oil. Due to
coverage of large land there would be problem in operation. GIS is used to identify problem and
Decision making system and take suitable step for the management of system. Use GIS technologies
to support the Engineering department to identify the best route for a future oil pipeline in the
Ankleshwar, Bharuch considering engineering requirements (topography, elevation, slopes) as well as
environmental and construction constraints.

Page23

A study on groundwater potential zone and recharge structures for
rainwater harvesting in Bahadurpur Block, Allahabad District using

Remote Sensing and GIS and Geophysical Techniques

Anam Akhtar

109, Faithful Ganj (Cantt), Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208 004, India

Email: [email protected]

Why rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge is necessary? Due to over exploitation of
groundwater, out of 813 blocks in Uttar Pradesh 456 blocks have experienced drastic deterioration in
groundwater level relatively from year 1991 to 2005(pre-monsoon duration). While in major cities the
water level is going down at an average rate of 20 cm to 56 cm every year. Not only this, due to non
availability of underground water 50 blocks of 20 districts have come under critical/over-exploited
category. The situation of ground water sources in many cities (critical blocks) have gone serious. In
the present situation, it is very important that rainwater harvesting and recharge mode must emerge as
an effective alternative as a long term underground water conservation. This should be adopted at a
wide range to conserve/revive underground water.

Page24

Spatial mapping of salinity affected lands

Anupriya Goyal, Himanshu Tyagi

Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India

Email: [email protected]

Many fertile areas have been severely affected by soil salinity due to climate change and anthropogenic
activities. Consequently, there has been a considerable reduction in the productivity of such lands due
to altered water uptake and ion-specific toxicities because of the buildup of soluble salts and
exchangeable Sodium in the plant root zone during extreme weather conditions. Currently, around
6,800 km2 area in India is salt affected and it may increase substantially in future due to seawater
intrusion, arid climate, poor quality irrigation, fertilizers, etc. Therefore, the present study was done to
determine the severity and the spatial distribution of the salinity problem in India using remote sensing
images.

Salinity affected lands can be visually identified by the presence of white or grayish-white salt
efflorescence on the soil surface during dry months, and such areas often have water stagnation and
scanty vegetation due to poor drainage. Also, Prosopis Juliflora, Acacia Nilotica, Capparis Aphylla,
Cynodon Dactylon, etc. are indicator plants for such regions. Further, these soils appear in different
shades of white tone with fine to coarse texture on the cloud free False Colour Composite (FCC) prints
of the satellite data. Therefore, literature data was ensembled with Resourcesat-1 LISS III satellite
imageries to study the affected areas state-wise and district-wise using a Machine Learning (ML)
approach in a geo-spatial environment. Additionally, transition from saline wasteland to non-wasteland,
if any, was also analyzed. Around 150 districts spread over 12 Indian states were found to be
salinity/alkalinity affected and hence it becomes essential to find ways to restore such marginal lands.

Page25

A mathematical framework for road surface extraction using terrestrial
laser scanner data

A. Husain1, R.C. Vaishya2

1GIS Cell, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, 211004, India
2Department of Civil Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad-

211004, India

Email: [email protected]

Accurate and detailed road models play an important role in a number of geospatial applications, such
as infrastructure planning, traffic monitoring, and driver assistance systems. Effective planning and
management of transportation infrastructure requires adequate geospatial data. The traditional methods
of road surveys are extremely labor intensive, time consuming, costly and require a lot of manual
processing. Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) provides a tool for surveyors to do this job in an innovative
manner. In present study a mathematical framework for extracting the road surface using the TLS
dataset has been proposed. Mathematical framework includes K- Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) search and
hypothesis testing in order to extract the road surface. Proposed framework is tested at a captured TLS
dataset. Completeness and correctness of the proposed algorithm are 94.58% and 96.23% respectively.
Automatically detecting a highly detailed street floor helps in maintaining the pavement by estimating
the road surface conditions.

Page26

Morpho-tectonic analysis of Tekeze watershed in Ethiopia using
geoinformatics

Arshad Amin, Habtom Kahsay

Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Adigrat University, Ethiopia

Email: [email protected]

This study examines the morpho-tectonic settings of the drainage system in the northwestern Ethiopian
plateau by focusing on the Tekeze River. The plateau is underlain by Precambrian crystalline rocks,
overlain by EOCENE and Late Oligocene basalts. An attempt is made to study the underlying geology
of Tekeze river basin and its significance in morphometry e.g., linear, relief and areal parameters.
Further to analyze the influence of topography and geology on morphometry integrating Remote
Sensing data and GIS techniques. The study used ArcGIS software for the computation, delineation of
the boundary and morphometric analysis of the watershed using topographical maps and SRTM DEM
data. Total area of watershed is 84738.55 Sq. Km. Total numbers of 18 rock types were mapped out in
watershed and most of the area is covered by the Basalts (36.01%). The steep relief explained by
complex geological history represented in major geological terrains starting from Archaen (about 40
billion years ago) till Quarternary period (about 11 thousand years ago) and marine sediments occurring
in the western part. The Quantitative analysis of drainage network shows that the river is having the
dendritic pattern. The drainage density is low which indicates the coarse drainage pattern. Drainage
texture, stream frequency and the form factor of the watershed are 0.04, 0.12 and 0.69 respectively.
The bifurcation ratio of the watershed ranges from 1.68 to 12 and the elongation ratio is 0.78 which
refers to high relief of the study area. The mean bifurcation ratio of the whole watershed is 13.71
indicating that the drainage pattern is greatly influenced by geological structures.

Page27

Remote Sensing of the urban heat island effect in Srinagar city, India

Arshad Amin

Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Adigrat University, Ethiopia

Email: [email protected]

The acceleration of population growth and the associated economic growth in urban areas leads to
multiplier effects on many aspects of development. In India urban population has increased more than
four times after independence. It was 62.5 million in 1951, 284.5 million in 2001 and 377 million in
2011. With increase in the population, the demand for residential space has also increased which has
unplanned growth of the urban areas. Srinagar city is one such urban area in the hill state of Jammu and
Kashmir, India. Being the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, population of the city has increased
many folds since 1980s. Choked and unmanageable planning and various other anthropogenic
interventions in certain areas of this ecologically fragile hill ecosystem have given birth to many
climatic issues like Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. The present study tries to map out the pattern
of land use, Land Surface Temperature (LST) using satellite data and field measurements to assess the
UHI effect and identify the urban hot spots in Srinagar city. The study used Thermal Infrared data from
Landsat 8 TIRS band-10 and field data, collected using IR Gun in various locations pertaining to
different materials and land use/cover features of Srinagar city. The results showed that there is a strong
relationship between the land use/cover features and the associated differentials in the land surface
temperatures during winter and summer season. The study helped to identify urban heat island
intensities and hotspots in Srinagar city.

Page28

Visualization and management of Local Area Network based on WebGIS: An
open source approach

Ashish Kumar Singh1, Varun Singh2

1GIS and Remote Sensing, MNNIT, Allahabad, India,
2Department of Civil Engineering, MNNIT Allahabad, India

Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]

Fiber optic technology is used to connect the internet for long distances among service providers and
consumers. Therefore, it is required for service provider company, to know accurate routes, coordinates,
and locations of all the network assets and the routes of Fiber cable. This is helpful when a problem
occurs, because finding the problematic location manually is very difficult and longtime process.
However, with a development of computer hardware and software, it is possible now tracking fault and
determining its location, using Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR). It can verify splice loss,
measure length and find faults. When the fiber cable is curved or rounded then the OTDR is failed to
tell the exact location of fault that has happened. But by using GIS, this problem can be removed and
fault location identification can be done easily and less in time. Here in this research two type of work
has done. First one is to set up a database (locations and attributes) by using GIS technology with optical
fiber technology. Databases consist of all required coordinates of fiber assets and connectivity places.
And the second type of work is to set up the servers, attach GIS data to these servers and connect these
servers to database for WebGIS based dynamic visualization of fiber optic network. Here MNNIT
Allahabad has been taken as a case study and all work has applied in Network architecture of MNNIT
Allahabad. Our main objective is to implement a GIS based visualization architecture based on the
optical fiber communication and the work shows a dynamic nature that means when we change the
input it will change the output in the map too according to the input. But here shown dynamic nature is
a manual dynamic that means we have to put input manually.

Page29

Estimation of maximum extent of the highest lake in the Dhauliganga basin
and its implication on GLOF study using Remote Sensing, Uttarakhand

Ashim Sattar1, Ajanta Goswami1, Anil V. Kulkarni2

1Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
2Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

Email: [email protected]

Formation of glacial lake in the higher reaches of the Himalaya is a consequence of glacier melt water
storage by natural embankments called moraines or ice wall. The increase in the global temperature has
accelerated glacial retreat over the past few decades and thereby contributing its melt water to the
associated glacial lakes or may even lead to formation of new lakes. The existence of numerous lakes
at the higher reaches of the Himalaya makes it a potential natural hazard, as it imposes a risk of glacial
lake outburst flood (GLOF). The failure of such lakes may possibly be disastrous as it may lead to loss
of life and property downstream. Therefore, it becomes vital to estimate the intensity of GLOF at
regions downslope, which in turn is governed by the volume of stored water in the lake. In the present
study, assessment of bed topography to estimate the maximum extent of the highest lake in the
Dhauliganga basin using LANDSAT ETM+ and ASTER DEM is performed. The maximum extent is
estimate to be 0.13 km2 .The retreat of its associated glacier is estimated for the period of 48 years using
CORONA imagery is 0.052 km2.The implication of the study on GLOF assessment is stated profoundly.

Page30

A study of effect of skewness on accuracy of classification in classifying a
remotely sensed image

Ateeb ur Rehman Sherwani, Qazi M. Ali

Department of Statistics and O.R. Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, India

Email: [email protected]

Mahalanobis Distance classifier (MDC), Linear Discriminant function (LDF) and Quadratic
Discriminant function (QDF) are the usual parametric choices available for the classification in the
software packages. All these classifiers give satisfactory results if the image data can be modelled by a
multivariate normal distribution. In this simulation study a comparison of error rates is provided to
observe the effect of skewness in the classification accuracy by these classifiers when the image data
is modelled by skew normal distribution for different values of shape parameter.

Page31

Diagenetic attributes of Ler Dome sandstones (Upper Callovian- Lower
Oxfordian), Kachchh, western India- an assessment of porosity evolution

and depositional history

Asma Amjad Ghaznavi, A.H.M. Ahmad

Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India

Email: [email protected]

Diagenetic characters of Dhosa sandstones of Ler dome, Kachchh, western India were studied in order
to understand the porosity evolution and depositional history. Point and floating contacts are dominant
in the sandstones making around 59 % and 15 % of the overall contact. The long contacts also make a
significant percentage but interpenetrative contacts including concavo-convex and sutured contacts
make only 4% of the total contacts. Early cementation of grains may be possible reason for this. Packing
and compaction were also corroborated by calculating average number of contacts per grain. Maximum
grains have two contacts per grain (39%) followed by one contact per grain (24%) which is followed
by three contacts per grain (14%) and four and more than four contacts per grain (3%). The grains
which having no contact at all with other grain make up an average of 19%. Low compaction level can
be attributed to low contact index of the grains that average to 1.9. Calcite is the most abundant cement
followed by iron and silica cement. Clay cement possibly formed under low temperature and shallow
burial depth occurs in small amount in form of kaolinite, chlorite, illite and smectite. They are in form
of loose clay flocculates and anisopachaous cutans. High CEPL (cementation porosity loss) v/s COPL
(compactional porosity loss) ratio, high MCP (Minus cement porosity) and low ICOMPACT
(compactional index) indicate that increase in cementation reduces the compaction effect among
individual grains. Multiple paragenetic relationships are exhibited by the grains that cannot be assigned
an absolute time of occurrence in isolation. However, diagenetic history has been ascertained to start
with mechanical compaction and cementation in early stages followed by dissolution and clay
formation. Key-words- Porosity, depositional history, contact, cementation, compaction.

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Geo-dynamic characteristics of the Kashmir Himalaya: inferences from
geodetic and tectonogeomorphic techniques

Bikram Singh Bali, Ahsan Afzal Wani

Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar

Email: [email protected]

As the vertical upliftment rate is poorly known in the Kashmir Valley. With this in view we analyzed
GPS data from both Permanent (Uri, Keran, Drass, Kulgam and Aru) and camping (Naranag, Sonamarg
and Sinthan) GPS stations from year 2009-2014 in Kashmir Himalaya to study the vertical deformation
rate in Kashmir valley of Northwest Himalaya. A fit to vertical component gives average negative rate
of -2.3mm/yr for the north, northeast portion of the Kashmir Valley (GHR). The average positive rate
of 15.8mm/yr has been observed for the stations associated with the south, southwest (PPR) of the
Kashmir Valley. The negative rate corresponding to the GPS stations of the Great Himalayan Range is
the result of the downthrown movement of the NE part of the Kashmir valley. The positive upliftment
rate of the Pir Panjal side of the Kashmir Valley is the result of actively upliftment and Upthrown
movement of the SW portion or Pir Panjal range along the Jhelum basin fault with intensive tectonic
activity, the locking effect of the Kashmir valley and the thrusts present in this dissection of the Kashmir
Valley. The movement caused along the Panjal thrust, Jhelum basin fault and Balapora fault might have
uplifted the Southern and southwestern portion of the Kashmir valley.The enhanced upliftment rate of
the Pir Panjal Range has decreased the sediment accumulation rate from 32-16 cm/KYr which in turn
has enhanced the incision rate of 0.3-0.5mm/Yr. Inferences from the tectonogeomorphic: geomorphic
indices and tectonic landforms I,e uplifted river terraces of Rambaria, Romushi, Veshaw and incised
valleys, highly braided pattern of the rivers also suggests the same.

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Urban housing infrastructural facilities: A case study of Udaipur City

Barkha Chaplot, Shamshad

Department of Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur
Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh

Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]

Authors attempt to analyse the urban housing conditions and availability of other infrastructure
facilities for household population in Udaipur city. The study is based on primary source of data
collected by field survey through the direct questionnaire to the respondents in Udaipur city carried out
during 2014. The boundary of ward has been taken as the smallest administrative unit of data collection
and the boundary of zone for data analysis and representation. The study shows that larger proportion
of household population lived in pucca houses, followed by semi-pucca and kutcha houses in Udaipur
city. Nearly one-third households have only one or two rooms for living in the city. More than three-
fourth share of households in each zone of the city were living in their own houses. Maximum number
of houses in the city was constructed within 25 years while remaining one-third was developed before
the 25 years ago. Only one-fourth households have the gardens within their houses. Nearly three-fourth
household have indoor water tap connections in the houses.

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Land Use/ Land Cover change analysis and environmental vulnerability in
Guwahati Municipal Area, India

Baruah G., Acharjee S., Neog R.

Centre for Studies in Geography, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786 004, Assam, India

Email: [email protected]

The study area comprises of Guwahati city which is located in the north-eastern region of India and
situated between 26˚0 5' to 26˚0 13' N latitude and 91˚0 35' to 91˚0 52' E longitude, on the southern
bank of the river Brahmaputra. It is the largest city of Assam and North- East India, a major riverine
port city and one of the fastest growing cities in India. The Guwahati Municipal Corporation (GMC),
the city's local government, administers an area of 216 square kilometres (83 sq mi), while the Guwahati
Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA) is the planning and development body of greater
Guwahati Metropolitan Area. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Guwahati in
2011 is 957,352; of which male and female are 495,362 and 461,990 respectively. Although Guwahati
city has population of 957,352; its urban / metropolitan population is 962,334 of which 498,450 are
males and 463,884 are females (Guwahati City Census 2011 data). The study focuses on the Land- Use
and Land- Cover (LULC) Change in the Guwahati Municipal Corporation (GMC). Land cover / use
studies are multidisciplinary in nature. The study of land use/land cover (LU/LC) changes is very
important to have proper planning and utilization of natural resources and to manage the natural
resources. The LULC change analysis assists decision makers to ensure sustainable development and
to understand the dynamics of our changing environment. In addition to facilitating sustainable
management of the land, land cover and land use information may be used for planning, monitoring,
and evaluation of development, industrial activity, vulnerability prediction or reclamation. The rapidly
growing urbanisation in the city of Guwahati has been resulted into significant changes in LULC pattern.
The growth of urban areas has a significant impact on land use by replacing areas of vegetation with
residential and commercial areas and their related infrastructure. To attain that changes the secondary
data are used viz. population data, multidate imageries of Landsat TM, ETM, OLI, LISS III etc. with
the use of geospatial techniques such as remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS).
The unsupervised classification was applied to classify the LULC of the study area.

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Fractional snow cover mapping through incorporation of thermal band in
snow index design

B.C.Yadav, Kamal Jain

Geomatics Engineering Group, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India

Email: [email protected]

Substantial development has been achieved in snow cover delineations through binary mapping
techniques. Continuous efforts for development and institution of methodologies in fractional snow
cover mapping are steadily conducted by the research communities. In this work the attempts are driven
towards the attainment of the same. MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) images
are worked upon Landsat 8 images under multivariate polynomial regression schemes utilizing
corresponding count of pixels in a test region of Himachal Pradesh. 11.00 um centered waveband is
employed to develop a scheme for snow mapping followed by a qualitative and quantitative comparison
with NDSI and S3 snow index where the values of correlation coefficient between fractional snow
cover and index values have been obtained as 77.04%, 78.81% and 85.16% for NDSI, S3 and our
scheme respectively. Exponential empirical relationships have been tried to be employed to attain
improvements in prediction of snow cover followed by a test of correlation between true and theoretical
fractional snow cover values. An improvement in degree of correlation is obtained over the
conventional methodologies which serves for the verification of scheme employed and empirical
relationship defined, collectively. The results provide a scope for improvements and investigations in
the subject of fractional snow cover mapping.

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Identification of geomorphic signatures of active tectonics in the West
Lidder Watershed, Kashmir Himalayas: Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Bhat F.A.1, Bhat I. M.1, Hamid Sana2, Mohd Iqbal3, Akhtar R. Mir1*

1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, India
2Department of Geology and Geophysics, IIT, Kharagpur, India
3Department of Geography, Jamia Milia Islamia University, India

Email: [email protected]

Different geomorphic indices like Hypsometric Integral (Hi), Basin Elongation Ratio (Eb), Drainage
Basin Asymmetry (AF), Longitudinal River Profile, Transverse profile, Stream Gradient Index (SL),
for the west Lidder watershed which lies to the South east of the Kashmir valley together with
development of knick zones and unpaired terraces as interpreted from the satellite imagery and digital
elevation model (DEM) and extensive field work suggest the area to be tectonically active. Use of
geographic information (GIS) in calculation of geomorphic indices was instrumental and helped in the
identification of a fault in the watershed which could be traced for several kilometers across the river
Lidder.

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Estimation of land surface temperature of Vidarbha region, Maharashtra
using Landsat-8 Data

Bikash Singh

Department of Remote Sensing and G.I.S North Orissa University, Odisha, India

Email: [email protected]

Remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS) can be effectively used for
generating such information and hence an attempt has been made to map the areas Vidarbha region of
Maharashtra. The knowledge of surface temperature is important to a range of issues and themes in
earth sciences central to urban climatology, global environmental change, and human-environment
interactions. In this study an attempt has been made to estimate land surface temperature over Vidarbha
region of Maharashtra using Landsat-8 OLI satellite data It was noted that maximum air temperature
was observed in built up areas of the city and minimum temperatures are observed in areas where
vegetation cover. NDVI of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, December, 2016 NDVI is varies from 0-
0.56 (zero for negative NDVI values using condition). The land surface temperature of band 10 and11
minimum values is 0.9144-0.9617, minimum value 0.9698-0.9701, respectively and stander deviation
is 0.0020-0.004 and 0.9730-0.9750, respectively. FVC of vegetation height and lowest value 0.24 to-
0.59. Mean LST calculated band 10 and 11, band10 minimum value is 0.004-0.007 and maximum value
0.003-0.003. The Brightness temperature (BT) 11 and 10 we were calculated highest and lowest rang
315.682 to 17.415, band 10 value is 321.00 to 17.4189. The findings indication that the mean LST over
the year. High density built-up areas in particular area most affected by high surface temperature.

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