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Published by Kayeng Vang, 2023-08-08 01:57:53

ປື້ມຄູ່ມືຄູ ຟີຊິກສາດ ມ7

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ຟີຊິກສາດ

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95 - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # %) fl !(fl'& ) ff . ( - -fflff +: ," 'fl',ffl +'flfl' ,ffl +" fl fl ,)! ,& fl," ,&' ,ffl +6'& )/ ff fl 2 '. 4.4 +' ,ffl + - 2ffl , (22 '. - 2ffl & flff! ) fl % . - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # %) fl !(fl'& ) ff ( - -fflff +fl : +' ,ffl +'flfl' ,ffl +"!- ffl + ) ,',ffl +% - & !(fl" 1 2- ff fl. ) # fl' ,ffl +&fl - &!(fl" 1 ff*) " % BA 1 fl' ,ffl +# &fl - & !(fl" 1 ff cos BA B A ffi n 4.5 " ,! fl' ,ffl + - 2ffl , (22 '. - 2ffl & flff! ) fl % . - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # %) fl !(fl'& ) ff . - ( -fflff +: ,fi ( # ) !(flfl' ,ffl +&#ffl"- ", ( , " 'fl',ffl +*% ,( " :" ,! fl' ,ffl + , fl fi "fi fl : ,('") ( # ' *) & % B H * ,('") ( , *) & % B *0H ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

96 5. " ') ,% fi / ) / : 1) fl," 2/ ') " ,( 2/2!(fl '& ) . 2) ," , !(fl / &( 1 " # . 3) " ,! 2// fflff +,( " ffl +fl / - (. # 4) ," ') 2 # / ( , ", ffi/ ') 2 # *) ' ,B ffl. &( #1 ') ' ,B ffl 1. ( fl' ,ffl +,! 2 ? # &(: fl' ,ffl +', ! 2 ( # fl' ,ffl +ffi) ') fl' ,ffl +/ ',ffl + ffl+ fl' ,ffl +,/ '* . fl' ,ffl +(fl !" : ! "2& ') ! ",- (. !"* ') !"' ,ffl +& fl !"* '! " ,/ * / " ') ! ff " ,/ * / )ff " !"' ,ffl +', / fl' ,ffl + !",- ( ') !"2& . 2. ': fl : v = 8106 m/s; B = 0,025 T ; = 60, ; q = 1,61019 C *) : F = ? 2 # % F qvB sin ' 2 /* F = 0,27710-13 N &(: " 'flfl' ,ffl + 2 ( ,) &$(, 0,27710-13 N 3. ': )# " 'fl fl' ,ffl + 2 # ! # ! # 2 ') !- !(fl" 'fl fl 2 # mg /* 0,277 18 10 89,18 B g F F = 3,11014 &(: FB = 3,11014 Fg

97 4. ': fl : a = 5 cm = 510-2 m; = 30, ; B = 40102 Wb/m2 *) : = ? 2 # % BAcos ' 2 * = 0,86104 Wb &(: = 0,86104 Wb 5. ': fl : = 100 m; I = 5 A; F = 210-4N *) : B = ?; H=? 2 # % F IB ' 2 *) * B = 4107 T 2 # % B *0H ' 2 *) * H = 0,318 T.m/H &(: B = 4107 T ') H = 0,318 A/m 6. ': fl : B = 10 Wb/m2 ; v = 3,0107 m/s. *) : F = ? 2 # : F qvB sin ' 2 *) * F = 4,81011 N &(: F = 4,81011 N 7. ': fl : B = 2,5 T ; v = 8,0106 m/s; 60 . *) : F = ? . F qvB sin ' 2 *) * F = 2,771012 N !. F= ma ' 2 *) * a = 1,661015 m/s2 &(: . F = 2,771012 N !. a = 1,661015 m/s2 ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

98 13 fl', ffl +,/ '* ') % #* ,") 3 "ffifl 1. /ff fl 2ffl ') ,! 2/" : 1) ê ‰ ¤Á´ÈÀÍñ¡!(fl'* ')% * # , " fl ') . # 2) *) !- !(fl fl' ,ffl +/ * # fl& fl3. 3) # !(flfl' ,ffl +2'&) ) # . 2. ,( 2&&# ,( '* ')% * # fi 2ffl, fl' ,ffl + ,fi # ') !- !(flfl' ,ffl +* & ffl + !" ffl + ffl+ *!( '" , ( # * # ffi2ffl "ffi *& !(fl'* ') " *& !(flfl' ,ffl +. ,( !- !(fl'* ') *)ffl fl / * # / *) !- !(fl fl' ,ffl +*& % 0 2 I B r * ,('* ')% * # "fl , # !(flfl' ,ffl + # 2 # ffl + B !" ffi # * # 2fflffi *& '* ') " *& !(flfl' ,ffl + !- !(flfl' ,ffl +62/ fl" fl , : 0 2 I B r * ,(" fl ffl+ (,& fl *) & % : 0 2 NI B r * ) # 6/ 2- ff flffl fl/ 2/ fl!(fl" fl "*) R : 2 0 3/2 2( ) P IR B x R * fl' ,ffl +,/ # # *" " fl' ,ffl +6 fl2 # fl" 6 fl( ') 6 fl2 !- 4 ,4 # ffi *) * & % : 0 N B I l * ffl+B nI *0 .

99 3. ( flfi : ffiffff-<fl* + fi + flfifl 7, ffi &fi * ffi , fifl&. , (ff(: ,! , *, 1 * , B ff,ffl +, ',ffl +. (Media): CD ') (,& , . 4. / ') ( # 4.1 fl' ,ffl +,/ / '* ')% * # 'fl ((, ff & " ,4 . - 2ffl , (2 " fl' ,ffl +2'. - 2ffl & flff! ) fl % . - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # % ) fl !(fl'&) ff ( -fflff +: ,('* ')% * # 6( (! fl # * fl " , fl' ,ffl +, , fl fl' ,ffl + # ') )"fl* : )"fl '(, flfifl& fl * # , ' # & ffl+ !" ') !- *) & , ffi(- " . 4.2 fl' ,ffl +,/ '* ')% * # ') " - 2ffl , (22 '. - 2ffl & flff! ) fl % . - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # % ) fl !(fl'&) ff ( -fflff +: fl' ,ffl +,/ * # ') " # ') )"flfl,- ! fl, fl '&!- 2 # % : 0 2 I B r * 2 I !- !(fl'* ffl"- " (A), r '*)ffl fl/ * # ffl /ff fl' ,ffl +ffl"- " (m) *0 " ' ,ffl +!(fl 4 107 T.m/A ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

100 4.3 fl', ffl +,/ '* ') % #* "fl - 2ffl , (22 '. - 2ffl & flff! ) fl % . - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # % ) fl !(fl'&) ff ( -fflff +: "fl 2 # )"fl " (" )"fl "ffl + , ffl+ )"fl " #fi#. fl' ,ffl +,/ * # " fl # " # , , fl! ) # , &(fl 2 "& "/ fl. fl' ,ffl +,/ * # " fl , )"fl ') !- # * : # & ffl + !" , )"fl& fl - fifl'* ') !- ': 0 2 I B r * ffl+ 0 2 NI B r * ffl+ 2 0 3/2 2( ) P IR B x R * 4.4 fl', ffl +,/ '* ') % # - 2ffl , (22 '. - 2ffl & flff! ) fl % . - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # % ) fl !(fl'&) ff ( -fflff +: ' # " fl *ffl + () ffl + ( # (flffl + , fl )"fl " "" - & (" fl ) ffl + , . fl' ,ffl + fl 2!(fl ' # 4 ,4 # !- , 0 N B * I ffl+B nI *0 2N '/ "(!(fl ((), ' # )"fl "!(fl ( # m), I '* (A) ') 7 0 * 4 10 H/m. 5. " ') ,% fi / ) / : 1) fl," 2/ ') " ,( 2/2!(fl '& ) . 2) ," , !(fl / &( 1 " # .

101 3) " ,! 2// fflff +,( " ffl +fl / - (. # 4) ," ') 2 # / ( , ", ffi/ ') 2 # *) ' ,B ffl. &( 1 ') ' # ,B ffl 1. ': fl : I = 5 A; r = 10 cm. *) : B = ? 2 # % 0 2 I B r * ' 2 /* B = 110-5 T &(: fl' ,ffl +, 110-5 T 2. ': fl : B = 5 *T; r = 25 cm. ": I = ? 2 # % 0 2 I B r * ' 2 /* I = 6,25A &(: '* , 6,25 A 3. ': fl : I1 = 10 A; I2 = 20 A; r = 8 cm. ": B = ? 2 # % 0 2 I B r * 0 1 1 2 I B r * ' 2 /* B1 = 5105 T )# * # (fl*) * B2 = 10105 T &(: fl' ,ffl +6/ff ,fl fl)ffl" fl(fl * # , %"!(fl(fl ," ,& fl' ,ffl +!(fl'&) * # , 1 * # '* ') % "fi" / fl ! . fl , B = 5105 T , 1 " # * '* ')% fl ! fl' ,ffl +/ " ') B = 15105 T. ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

102 4. ': fl : r = 6 cm; I = 10 A; N = 150 ( *) : B= ? 2 # % 0 2 NI B r * ' 2 *) * B = 15,7103 T 5. ': fl : = 6 cm; I = 5 A; N = 400 ( r = 3 cm. *) : . B = ? !. = ? . 2 # % 0 N B * I ' 2 *) * B = 4,18102 T !. 2 # % BAcos ' 2 *) * = 5,9102 Wb &(: . B = 4,18102 T !. = 5,9102 Wb 6. ': fl : B = 5 T ; = 45 cm; N = 2500 ( *) : I = ? 2 # % 0 N B * I ' 2 *) * &(: I = 0,72 A

103 14 " 'fl',ffl +2 * # ,") 4 "ffifl 1. /fffl 2ffl ') ,! 2/: 1) &' ,ffl +, " 'fl2 * / 2 ff fl* . 2) , fl ') )ffl" fl(fl * # . 3) # ') *) !- !(fl fl' ,ffl +'&) ) # . 4) (ffl !"' ,ffl +*. 2. ,(2& & # ( & ' ,ffl +!(flffi)ffl fl , ) # , ( *!"fl # *& ' ,ffl + ) ffififl2*) # fi #". ( - fl &' ,ffl +!(flffi)ffl ( , : (fl'fl, ( ), ( '. " 'fl2 '* " fl2fl' ,ffl + * # /,( , fl , *& ffl+ B !" . " 'fl ' " 'fl)ffl" fl'* ') fl' ,ffl +. ,(fl/ " '* # fl fl' ,ffl +((! fl * # fl ", fl' ,ffl + '* fl! /ff ," 'flfl' ,ffl +,/ ' ,ffl + ') fi ", " 'fl',ffl +,/ '* fl" / fl, 2ffl +' ,ffl + fl! ",ffl * # 1 * fl +' ,ffl +& . # , fl, %2ffl * # ffiflfl ffl# + fl((/ / , ff !(fl . 1 * # " '!flfi#, " 'fl fi "fi !- !(fl'* fl : sin F ILB B ffl+ FB IL B ,(2ffl '* ')% * # " fl!- , (fl/ " '& ) * # * fl fl' ,ffl +6( (& " ,(fl !(fl" 'fl # & ffl + B !" : 2ffl " fl *& fl!(fl'* ')"" ,! ffl fl' ,ffl +, ffi / fl((/ !(fl" 'fl,! . ' ,ffl +* *1 2 # 6 fl" fl! " fl2 "/ "# # fl ( ffl ff # *4 , ,(fl ,# '* , ,&# * , ,(fl fl ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

104 ffi) , , (fl fl ffi) , ,(fl 4 * , , (fl B ff, fi ) , ,(fl ') ( 3. " 'fl2 * # ')" fl' ,ffl +!(flfi" , fl ') . fl , 1 fi" '* % 2 "fi" / ') ,('* fl ! fi" (( "!- " 'fl!(fl * # 1 2 * # 2. 021 2 2 IIL F r * ffl+ !- !(fl" 'fl!(fl * # 2 2 * # 1 012 1 2 I I L F r * 3. ( flfi : ' 7, " ') (3 "! (fl. , (ff (: ,! , *, 1 * , B ff,ffl +, ',ffl +. (Media): CD ') ') (,& , . 4. / # ') ( 4.1 & ', ffl + ' fl ((, ff & " ,4 . - 2ffl , (2 " fl' ,ffl +2'. - 2ffl & flff! ) fl % . - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # %) fl !(fl'& ) ff ( -fflff +: ,( ffiffl) fl # 2 fl' ,ffl + &' ,ffl + ,(fl/ " ffiffl) fl " ,!' ,ffl + ') *)ffl fl)ffl" fl2ffl " ! - !(fl,!',ffl +, ,( ) fi" / fl # % & # .

105 4.2 " 'fl2 * /ff, ( 2fl* - 2ffl , (22 '. - 2ffl & flff! ) fl % . - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # %) fl !(fl'& ) ff ( -fflff +: ,(" fl * # 2fl' ,ffl +/1 " 'fl , fl* , 2ffl * # ,( *ffl ( , " 'fl(" ffl + +' ,ffl +!- (" . !(fl" 'fl'fl*& % F IL B B "!- !(fl" 'fl # & % sin F ILB B 2I '!- !(fl'* , L '!- !(fl)"fl "!(fl # * 62 fl' ,ffl +, B '!- !(fl fl' ,ffl + ') ' )ffl" fl )"fl!(fl * # ') )"fl!(flfl' ,ffl +. 4.3 2 # ' ,ffl +* - 2ffl , (22 '. - 2ffl & flff! ) fl % . - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # % ) fl !(fl'&) ff ( -fflff +: ' ,ffl +* 2 # ,! 2ffl+ !fl,!" fl fl2 "/ "# , 2! fl,!( ffl ff # *4 ') ,& ffiffi) , 2 " fl* ff "$ ffi ( Remote), , ! fl, fl ) fl)*. 4.4 " 'fl2 * # " fl!- - 2ffl , (22 '. - 2ffl & flff! ) fl % . ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

106 - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # % ) fl !(fl'&) ff . ( -fflff +: ,(" fl * # (fl !- '* ') % fi" / , fl ') . ' fl ' ,ffl + ,(fl/ " , ('* ')% * # * fl fl' ,ffl +6( (! fl fl " ') fl' ,ffl + fl! / , fl ') . ",ffl ,(fl * # /fl, ffl + , fl ') ! !(fl'* fi"') % 1 . fl , 1 fi" '* % 2 "fi" / ') , ( '* fl ! fi" (( "!- " 'fl!(fl # * 2 2 * # 1 021 2 2 IIL F r * ffl+ !- !(fl" 'fl!(fl * # 1 2 * # 2 012 1 2 I I L F r * 5. " ') ,% fi / ) / : 1) fl," 2/ ') " ,( 2/2!(fl '& ) . 2) ," , !(fl / &( 1 " # . 3) " ,! 2// fflff +,( " ffl +fl / - (. # 4) ," ') 2 # / ( , ", ,) ') 2 # *) ' ,B ffl. &( #1 ') ' ,B ffl 1. &(: " 'fl)#'$& ' 5 " 'fl fl* ') fl' ,ffl +2 * / ff ,( 2fl fl(fl. 2. &(: 1 * / 'ff * / " " 'fl) ff # '$& 5 # * . . )"fl&fl " *" ') fl' ,ffl +

107 !. !(fl" 'fl& ffl+ B : ' ((2ffl ffi &fl (fl # 2ffl fl' ,ffl + & (fl , '&! # ffl ' ' !(fl " *" (1 q>0) ') fl ! (1 q<0). ,( !(fl" 'fl )# '$& & 5 !(flffi ( ((. . !- , F q vB sin 3. ': fl : I1 = I2/3 ": F1 /F2 = ? 2 # % 012 1 2 I I L F r * * # 1 2 * # 2 021 2 2 I I L F r * * # 2 2 * # 1 ' 2 /* : (2) F1 2 F &(: " 'fl, 4. ': fl : L= 5 m ; = 30,; I = 20 A; B = 0,8 T *) : F = ? 2 # % F ILB sin ' 2 * F = 40 N 5. ': fl : = 30,; I = 20 A; B = 5 T ; F = 0,5 N *) : L= ? 2 # % F ILB sin ' 2 * L = 0,01m 6. ': fl : L= 60 cm ; F = 200 N; r = 30 cm *) : 1 2 I I ? 2 # % 012 1 2 I I L F r * ' 2 * 1 2 I I 22000 A 7. ': fl : L= 100 cm ; 1 2 I I 10 A; r = 5 cm *) : F = ? 2 # % 012 1 2 I I L F r * ' 2 * F1 = F2 = 4104 N ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

108 15 ( ', ffl +* ,") 4 "ffifl 1. /ff fl 2ffl ') ,! 2/: 1) , (, ( +' ,ffl + 'fl, " 'fl2 * / 2 ff fl* 2) , fl ') !(fl * # . 3) # ') *) !- !(fl fl' ,ffl +'&) ) # * . 2. ,( 2&&# , $ ,, ,fi 1 " (' ,ffl +* , fl* (/ !(fl ,$ , (2 fl : 1 'flfl' ,ffl +2 # )," /, # 'fl, ( (2 # fl ". $ , * ,fi &, ( 2fl " : !- !(fl'fl, (* (, (& " fl 'fl !(fl+' ,ffl + % , ( - & " fl/(. B emf d E dt 3 3 , +' ,ffl +% " fl/(. ,( fl' ,ffl +% # N ( 'fl,(* (/* B B emf d d N E N dt dt 3 3 ,fi (( & , ( !(fl 2 # fl' ,ffl +, * ,) *5 & #)(fl,fi ( (ffl ,ffl & ffl + &(fl ,fi fi)flfl 2ffl # # 2ffl6 ff fl&( : '* ( ,! 2" fl /( / fl fl' ,ffl + & 'fl+' ,ffl +. & % B emf d E dt 3 ,(fl4 ) 'fl !(fl'fl,(* ( fl fl' ,ffl + fl ! 'fl!(flfl' ,ffl +.

109 'fl+' ,ffl +% " fl/( * , 'fl, (* ( ') " ,'* (. fl , , (& " ,# ( 2fl' ,ffl +, 2ffl, 'fl ,( * (2& " ,# (fl/ , ( /*'fl, ( : E vB fl* ,! 2' fl& " ,# U E Bv '* ffi, ! , ('* % '% ffi)ffl& " fl2 fl' ,ffl + ') /,% (" 1 ff # . , fl* 2 # ,fi (, ,& &ffl +(,ffl + 2 '* ') &ffi)ffl2 * . ( , ' ffi fl* 2 # 6 fl" fl !" fl2 "/ "# , ,& ',ffl +* ffi,& # ( '& " 4 # ( ') (*" '& ( ffl ff # . ,fi (ffl+ ," ffl '4 # 'fl(, (fl/ ' ffi ,fi *%) '4# 'fl, '% fl3ffl + (! " * . (,(fl, ! 2 , # ( # * 1 ffl + ( ') , &" fl (,(fl ffi fi "fi fl : 3 B LI 2L ' # (,(fl : # (,(fl!(fl , # B L N I 3 'fl,( (,(fl!(fl # # (,(fl emf dI E L dt ,(fl4 ) 'fl" 'fl, (* ( 'fl!(fl' * *& ,!(fl,) 5 . 'fl,(* ( fl ! ' * . 3. ( flfi : ' 7, " ') (3 "! (fl. , (ff(: ,! , *, 1 * , ' ,ffl +. (Media): CD ') (,& , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction) ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

110 4. / # ') ( 4.1 , $ , ' fl ((, ff & " ,4 . - 2ffl , (2 " fl' ,ffl +2'. - 2ffl & flff! ) fl % . - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # % ) fl !(fl'&) ff ( -fflff +:,( 'fl+' ,ffl +/ '* ( # , ( 2 # , (fl" ', ( ,! 2 ') ffl ((*/ ' ,ffl +, ,! ,(fl" ' /, # (* ffl + *!" ') 1 # / "(ffl # + " /, # 2ffl , (* ffl + * fl!" /ffl # + " . 'fl" 'fl, ( * ( "fi "fi / "(!(fl # & # % B B emf d d N E N dt dt 3 3 4.2 ,') 5 - 2ffl , (22 '. - 2ffl & flff! ) fl % . - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # % ) fl !(fl'&) ff . ( -fflff +: ,( !(fl,! ,(fl" ', (* fl ffl + fl!" ' 'fl,1 fl !(fl'fl,(* ( fl ! ,! ffl+ fl((!(fl , ( !(fl',ffl +. , fl ') ffl 5 ff +* fl : '* ( ,! 2" fl/( / fl fl' ,ffl +& 'fl+' ,ffl + B emf d E dt 3 ,(fl4 ) 'fl,1 fl fl!(fl'fl,(* ( fl fl' ,ffl +fl ! 'fl!(flfl' ,ffl +fi ( % " fl/( .

111 4.3 'fl,(* ( - 2ffl , (22 '. - 2ffl & flff! ) fl % . - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # % ) fl !(fl'&) ff . ( -fflff +: ,(" 1 ff ,# ( 2fl' ,ffl + 'fl!(fl+' ,ffl + 3 % )"" fl fi 2ffl, 'fl, (* ( Vemf '* 2"fl . '* ,! , % / , fl* ( E 2 * / , ff fl* , / 'fl!(fl+' ,ffl + ') # ! * / ff 62" fl/( ,1 fl" / # &" !(fl" # fl # fl* (, ! 2 # ),". !- , E vB . 4.4 '* ffi - 2ffl , (22 '. - 2ffl & flff! ) fl % . - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # % ) fl !(fl'&) ff . ( -fflff +: ,(" fl" 1 ff&2 fl' ,ffl +,'* , fi 2ffl "1 fffl " (! . ,fi * 2 # 2( ffl ff ffl# +(,ffl + ffl+ 4# ',ffl +2 2 ( ". '& %,2'4 # 'fl* , ,fi ('*!,fi *, 4# 'fl, '% fl3 ffl+ ! " * . 4.5 (,(fl - 2ffl , (22 '. - 2ffl & flff! ) fl % . - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # % ) fl !(fl'&) ff . ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

112 ( -fflff +: ,('* % # )ff ! ) ffl+ ,(" : fi (,(fl!(fl , # +' ,ffl +!(fl # !- 3 B LI . 4.6 " ( ,(fl!(fl# - 2ffl , (22 '. - 2ffl & flff! ) fl % . - ') % (3 fl ) fl ') & fl 1 ,/ / # & # % ) fl !(fl'&) ff . ( -fflff +: ,('* % # N (: ') # ff ) ! ) . # (,(fl!(fl # BA L N I 'fl,(* (,(fl, emf dI E L dt fi)flfl !(fl fl' ,ffl +* !(fl , # 1 2 2 W LI 5. " ') ,% fi / ) / : 1) fl," 2/ ') " ,( 2/2!(fl '& ) . 2) ," , !(fl / &( 1 " # . 3) " ,! 2// fflff +,( " ffl +fl / - (. # 4) ," ') 2 # / ( , ", ffi/ ') 2 # *) ' ,B ffl. &( #1 ') ' ,B ffl 1. ': fl : N = 1000 (; A = 4 cm2 ; B = 0,5 T ": Eemf = ? t = 0,1 s 2 # % B emf d E N dt 3 ' 2 /*

113 1 4 2 5 10 4 10 1000 2 0,1 emf BS EN N dt t 3 &(: Eemf = 2 V 2. ': fl : r = 2,5 cm ; N= 400 (; =20 cm. ": L = ? 2 # % 2 0A L N l * ' 2 /* &(: L = 3,910-3 H 3. ': fl : r = 3 cm ; N= 50 (; B2 =0,35 T; B1 =0.1 T; t = 2103 s. *) : E = ? 2 # % Eemf t 3 ' 2 * Eemf = 35,3 V &(: Eemf = 35,3 V 4. ': fl : N = 40 (; I = 2 A; 3 = 110-4 Wb *) : . Eemf = ? ( 1 '* fflff +)fl, 0 2,") 0,08 s) !. L = ? ') W = ? . 2 # % Eemf t 3 ' 2 * Eemf = 5102 V &(: Eemf = 5102 V !. 2 # % L N I 3 ' 2 * L = 2103 H 2 # % 1 2 2 W LI ' 2 * W = 4103 J &(: L = 2103 H W = 4103 J ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

114 fi VI * ffl+ 16 * 'ffl+ ,") 3 "ffifl 1. /ff fl 2ffl : - ') ,! 2/" 4 !(fl,(fl ,# * 'ffl+, ffl + , 'fl,(* ffl+ ') '* ffl+. - ( ( fl, ffl + , " ') &# ,(fl/ * ffl+ 1 , ') 3 ,. - fl* *) 'fl, (* ffl+!(fl, (fl ,# * ffl+. - 2 # " , (fl/ * ') ffi,&* ,! 2 "/ # " ') 2 # ' ,B ffl "! (fl* . 2. ,( 2&&# 1. #,* 'ffl+ 1.1 ,(fl #,* 'ffl+ ,(fl ,# ffl+ ,(fl%) * 'ffl+, fl,( ffl # " * ffl+ ' (( ff 2 fi)flfl / , fi)flfl * , :fi)flfl &# , fi)flfl ( ,... # 1) "( # !(fl, (fl ,# * 'ffl+ : # * # fflff " * , ',ffl +, "fl'ffl" ') ( ffi/" fl2ffl # * # 62ffl" fl!(fl(fl! "!(fl' ,ffl +2ffl fl' ,ffl +4 ,4 # , fl ,( ffi "* " : * ffi ffl + ,/,,$,& . 2) , 'fl, (* ffl+: , (2ffl fi) flfl / * 2 flffl (&") ffl + ffi")fl /2 ' # * # , , 2ffl # # ((' fl 62 fl' ,ffl +4 ,4 # .

115 ,( # * # 4 ,4 # ((' 62 fl' ,ffl +4 ,4 # , ) +' ,ffl +% , ( - !(fl # * # 'fl. fl , 2 # # * , 'fl, (* ( !- ') 'fl. E N t ffl+ d E N dt , fl BAcos ffi ' ()ffl" fl" ,! fl' ,ffl + B ," ,&ffl"- " n , fl ( ), n A 4 A ', ( - !(fl , , # ( # ((' "" *" !(fl 'fl. 'fl,(* ( ,! 2 ' # : ( cos ) (cos ) sin dd d E N BA NBA NBA dt dt dt 2 ' , ! / !(fl *, # d dt '" *" !(fl !(fl *, # t 'fl& ,") ') " *". 'fl,(* ( ,! 2 ' # : E NBA t sin ffl+ max EE t sin ') 2 2 f T E NBA max ' 'fl, (* ffl+ fl . ff 1.2 'fl'fl,(* ,! 2 # * # ,(, ( - !(fl # * # &fl fl n B, 0; cos 1; sin 0 , +' ,ffl + fl ff max NBA , 'fl,(* ( ( ff E 0 . ,(!(!(fl # &, 'fl',ffl +,fi ! ') , (, ( - !(fl # !- fl' ,ffl + n B, 90 , cos 0,sin 1 , +' ,ffl + ( ff 0 . fl , 6 /ff 'fl, ( fl ff E NBA max . ,(!(!(fl # &, 'fl',ffl +fflff +)fl ') , (, ( - !(fl # &fl fl' ,ffl + n B, 180 ; cos 1,sin 0 , +' ,ffl + 2ffl ff , ) max NBA. fl , 6 /ff 'fl, ( ( ff E 0 &fl # *, fl(. ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

116 ,(!( # & # &, 'fl',ffl +,fi !* fl, (fl) , , (,1 fl/ ff ,( - !(fl !- # fl' ,ffl + n B, 270 ; cos 0; sin 1 , + ',ffl + ( , ff 0 . fl , 6 / ff 'fl, ( 2ffl , ff ) E NBA max ') ,( # & # 'fl,(* /fflff +)fl ') , 0 6 /ff &fl # 1 (. 2. ,(fl/* 'ffl+ 2.1 ,(fl/* 'ffl+ 1 , 1) ( fl!(fl, (fl/ ,(fl/ '* ffl+ 1 ,(" # * # fflff " * "(' , "'% ,ffl + , ( 6 # * ffl+ '% ( , fl,( " : ,&,& ') ffi$,& , fl' ' ,ffl +1 "( ffl+ ',ffl +* . 2) ffl+ , "!(fl,(fl/ ' 2 fi) flfl / ,fi (, 2fflffi$,& , ,(ffi$,& /, 2ffl, +' ,ffl +% , ( - & !(fl # 'fl, ( ". fl , 2 , # 'fl, (* ffl+! . 'fl, (* ffl+ * /ffl+ ffl+ -(' ! !- !(fl,&,& , " - '- ' ,ffl + ') " *"!(flffi$,&. 2.2 ,(fl/* 'ffl+ 3 , 1) ( fl ,(fl/ * 'ffl+ 3 ,, (",&,& # 3 " fl # fl , 120 ') ffi$,&, ',ffl +. 1 2 3 120 120 120 120 120 1 2 3 90 180 270 360 (rad/s)

117 2 I 1I 3 I 1I 2 I 3 I 0 I 2) ffl+ , " ,(ffi$,& ,2 # fl 3 'fl, (* *) ')" 1, , 'fl, (* ,! # !,1 fl) 2ffl ff fi( ') # # * ,fi)flfl fi ( . 1 ,- ( N !(flffi$,&*% , fl- !(fl 2, 'fl, # (!(fl # , . fl , 'fl, (* ffl+2 * # fl 3 'fl& fl 120 ffl+,") % fl , 1/3 ,") ("& !(flffi$,&. , (& # (fl!(fl'& ) 2 # " fl/((* '* (- fl, " ,! 2'& ) # fl , , 120 '& *) , 'fl, (* fl !. 3) " &# *((/ ,(fl/ * 'ffl+ 3, / / &ff # * ((/ ,(fl/ * ffl+ 3 , ,fi (&# ,! 2" fl/((/& (fl2 *,1 fl 6 ,, '&2" / fl') ",fi 2 *fifl '& 3 ffl+4,, & # (( ffi" &# - fl!(fl'&) # fl 3 2 # ')"& # ((& " &# 2 ': ' " , fl/& (fl2 * 4 , fl ') &# ' 3 '/ , fl2 *fifl'& 3,fl !. 3. ffi,&* 'ffl+ 3 , 3.1 "(!(flffi,& * 'ffl+ 3 , ffi,&* 'ffl+, ,(fl/ * , - fi)flfl * 2ffl , fi)flfl / , fi " fi)flfl * ' 2,&,& # ') " 2fflfi) flfl / ' & " 9 ffl+ ffi$,&. ffifl fl!(flffi,& 2 fi " : "6 fl ') ", ( . ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

118 1) " 6 (" " & fl3fl: ffiflffi,&, ',ffl +,&,&, *,&,& # , B ffl" ') B . 2) " ,( 2 ': ffi$,&' ( ') ffi$,& ' *, ffi$ # ,&fl 2 '( "',ffl +ffi$,&, *, 2fi # ') ,fi . 3.2 ffl+ , "!(flffi,&* 3 , ,(/ '* ffl+ 3 ,2ffl *,&,& # * 3 , , 2ffl, fl' ,ffl +! *,&,& # ffi & & " ffi$,& # " fl6 (fl !(flffi$,&, , 2ffl, 'fl, (* ( ') '* (2& " # !(flffi$,&, , 2ffl, fl' ,ffl +! ffi$,&. % )"!(fl, 'fl',ffl + ,&,& , 'fl',ffl +((& " ffi$,& # , 2ffl, 'fl ! &" ') , # 2fflffi$,& *& fl!(flfl' ,ffl +,&,&. 3.3 &# ffi,&* 3 ,,fi (2 fl ,&,&ffi,& * 3 , # *"6 3 ff : 3 , A, B ') C, ,( &# 2 fl * 2 ' & # ' " ') & # ' '/. /& # 2 fl '2/& (flfi / ) 2ffl( (fl % ) ) * '% !(flffi,& ') ) * !(fl( / 2 # ffi,& fl'fl2 . 220V 380V 380V C C B B A A ffi,&* 'ffl+ 3 , ffi$,&' ( "ffl + /1 ,(# * 2 , & )# fl! , (, (fl/ & fl32"fl ( ffl ff , # ,(fl fl, ,(fl,/ , , (fl , , (fl& , , (fl,/)* ')& fl! , ( *ffi$ # , # ') "( # 3 , (fl/ " )ff 2ffl 'fl 2 ,) ,, (fl ') " *"( fl . "ffi,& * 'ffl+ 3 , ffi$,&' * #

119 /2 fl - , 2 " & fi ( "2 ,) ,, (fl/* 'fl 2 &(,) fl ') ',) ff ,/ffl ff +)fl. 3. ( flfi : ' 7, " ') (3 "! (fl. , (ff(: '%,/ ! "( ffl+ '& 16.1 ffl 16.12. 4. / ') ( # / # 1: fi # " " 'fl, ( ') ' * (2fi V * ',ffl + ,(2ffl , # ( 2fl' ,ffl +/, 'fl,(* ( ') '* (! 2 . / # # ,!# , (fl ,# '* ffl+ 'fl 16.1, ( ( fl, ffl + , 'fl, (* ffl+ 'fl'fl, (* ffl+2 2 # fl' ,ffl + 1 ( 'fl 16.2. / # 2: ,( ') ,! 2/ffl+ , 'fl, (* ffl+') " ,- # ( fl ') ( ffl+ , "!(fl,(fl/ %) ' * ffl+ 1 , ') 3 ,'fl 16.3 ') 16.4 / / fl( ffl+ &# '* ffl+ 3 ,' " ') ' 3 '/ ,fi (2 fl 2 "/ "# . / # 3: " , (fl2 * & fl3, : fi) / # , / # ffifl ,! ') (3 ,fi (2ffl ,ffl " , (fl2 ,ffl + ) "'& ( 2ffi,&* , &"! , ( , flffi,& * # 1,') 3, ,(fl/ %) '* ffl+, / /fl ,- # ff)& fl3 " ffi,&* 3 , 'fl 16.6 ') 16.7 ffi( 2ffl ,ffl ,1fl ( fl!(flffi,& , ffl+ , "!(flffi,&, & # ffi,&* ffl+ 3 , ,fi (2 fl ') 2 # ffi,& 2 "/ "# . (/ ') / fl ,1 fl" ') fl '&& fl )ffl" fl, (fl/ %) ' * ffl+ 3 , ') ffi,&* ffl+ 3 ,. ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

120 5. " ') ,% 2ffl &( 1 ! # # 1 ffl !# 6. fi / ) / : - " 2/ ') 1 !(fl # . - " ,ffl !(fl. - ( 4!(fl 2 & / . # - " "2'& ) / !(fl # '& ) . - " 1& (fl!(fl # ,ffl , ' ,)& "6 fl ') ,B ffl. ' ,B ffl 2ffl ' ,B ffl ! # 6 ffl !# 9. ' #&( #1 ') ,B ffl !# 1 ffl !# 6 (,fl 2') 7. . '* % max 1,414A 2 I I !. " 1, # * : 628 2 100rad/s f f . ,, # * : 0,2 rad 5 8. . 'fl,(* & ,") et E t ( ) sin max # 2 % max E 157V ') 314 2 50Hz f f !. " - '- +' ,ffl + B 2 E N BA max max 0,5T E B N A 9. . % 'fl, (* , 2 max max e t E t E NBA ( ) sin ; , fl 2 22 2 10 rad/s; 10 m f Aa max E 6,28V % 'fl, (* et t ( ) 6,28sin10 (V) !. '* fl %ff , 2 # max max 1,256A E I R r

121 17 fi)flfl * 'ffl+ ,") 4 "ffifl 1. /fffl 2ffl ' ) ,! 2/: - " 4 ')ffl+ %) fi)flfl * , ) # flfi) flfl * , / fi) flfl * ') ) 2 # * 2 "/ "# ,fi 1 , 2 * ') 3 , 3 * ffl+4 *. - fi)flfl * ,*2 # fl* . - ( fl ') ffl + , "!(fl4# 'fl* . - ffl+ '* ffl+2ffl , '* fl. 2ffl : - &# * 2 # 2 "/ "# * . - *) * fi) flfl ,*2 # fl* . - 2 # 4 # 'fl* ,fi (,fi ffl+ fflff +%) ) * *6 fl1 & (fl. - 2 # ,fi (2 2 "/ "# ') ' ,B ffl "! (fl* . 2. ,(2& & # 2.1 %) fi)flfl * !" %) fi)flfl * &(fl( *ffiflfl * , ffiflfl * / , - %) fi)flfl * 2fflfiflfi #" & (fl ffi( *, (fl%) & )# fl, - fi)flfl & fl32ffl , fi)flfl / ,fi (!, (, (fl # ,* . fi)flfl 2 # %) *' fi) flfl , fi) # flfl " (, fi)flfl ) , fi) flfl 'fl( , fi)flfl ", ') ( + 3. 2,, ' 2 # fi) flfl ,# && # 2 %) fi)flfl * ,fi " & 2 )# flff & , , # , (fl ,# * *" (fl*", ( 2 ff fl . (/ % ffiffl */ ( fl, ' # 2 # ,! 2) ) ,fi (*%) * # ( , &. ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

122 2.2 flfi)flfl * flfi) flfl * *2 6 (ffl fl* ,fi fl2) '* ffl+ 3 ,. ,fi " fl1 ' fl((, 3 ", , 2ffl# / ,# &(fl2 *2fflffl + , 'fl, (* 2ffl fl! ffl + fflff +2ffl& )# fl* & " &(fl . ( - fl 2 # *2 -, ( "ffl + ' 2 # * ,", 1 ,- fl*&, ,ffl+ (# fl 2 # * . "(2 flfi) flfl * & (fl 4# 'fl* , 1 * 'flfl, fl* 'flfl, &. / 1 * 'flfl& fl/ fl' * *& fl,fi (,! 1 * 'flfl fl ') / ffl ff +'fl * )fl2ffl ,4 ( fl*ffl 1 * (& '& ),! % (2 fl ') / *ffl (2 * -, ( ') ffiflfl & fl3. 1) !&( fl ') / fi)flfl * !&( fl ') / fi) flfl * , fl( " "& fl3!(fl) * )# fl, ) * 2,) "'* 'ffl+ " 1 50 Hz , fl2 ) 1 , 'fl 220V & ( , fi ( * "* ') ) 3 , 'fl 380V 2 2ffiflfl ( ffl ff . # fl fi) flfl * *' fl& "(& fl3 : ffiflfl * & # )fl, fl, 1 * &, fl, 1 * (, 4 # 'fl/ -# , / -# 'fl & . # 2) ) flfi)flfl * ) flfi) flfl * / fl, - flfi) flfl * / ffifl * *ffl 1 & fl3 , fl' fl fl* , 2 ': fl) , flffl" ') fl) B fl2& : . fl), flffl" fl) , flffl" * &(fl((' fl* 2ffl 2 / fi)flfl * *fiflfi #&# 2 fl !(fl% 2 *, fl fl 'fl & ') fi)flfl , # ,! # / # .

123 *&(fl((' fl / &(flfi / ) 6 ffl, ffifl fl!(fl, * ') * &(fl " '!fl'fl ') fiflfi #. !. fl) B fl2& fl) B fl2& ' , * * flfi, fl' !# ') ! # / # : !# )# fl) B fl2& 1. " (*fi2 " ') , ffi( /1 % ) fl2 * # . 2. ffl+ )fl(ff& ,ffl/ fi , )ff /fi& * )2 * 'flfl. 3. fi ffl +2 ffiffl/ 2 , * # ,& & fi , # ,, fl, / , fl ') * 'flfl. 4. fflff + 2 / / ') , , (fl/ , *B fl * 1 " fl ) (fl, 6 fl . !# / # !(fl , fl) B fl2& 1. fi / # , ) 'fifl/ # /ffl ,!, (*fi*fiflfi #. 3. &(fl fi '") ( , * ') # ff fl( 2 * . 4. &fl, ,fi (fi Bfl 2 fl ) # # , * ffl + 1 , # & fl" & . 5. # (*fi,(, **% ' , ,) & # (fl , # fl ffl + ( !# fl 2.3 )/ -# * )/ -# * ') 1ffl ff +'fl2ffl & )# fl/ ,4 / 2ffl # ) % 2 * . 'fl 2 2) / -# * ffl+ ) : 1) )/ -# * 'fl fl!(fl1 * ,!. 2) )/ -# * 'fl& , 'fl # ) / -# !(fl,) " # 2 fl ) / -# 'fl & # 1 ,, 2 %) ) * 220V fl . ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

124 'fl fl 'fl& # 220V 220V 220V 380V 380V 380V )/ -# 'fl& # 3 , 4 'fl* &1 !(fl) 3 , 4 !(fl1 * ,! , fl ) 380/220V 'fl )ffl" fl ," 380V ') , / "' 220V & ) # . ) / # - 'fl& # 3 , 4 / " (fl& " fl2 2 fl , 2 ((2 ff * (Load) , 'flffl" fl ') ffiffl + )# fl/ fi"ffi,& # * . %) ) * )ffl" fl , / " ( , fl) ': UUUU AN BN CN P 220V %) ) * ,, ' : UUUU U AB BC CA L P 3 380V 2.4 fi)flfl ,*/ fl* fi)flfl * , (fl*& fl, fl / # *, ,fi * *& fl , 2ffl, " (! . fi)flfl * , 2ffl fl (! ,( " : fi "fi) flfl , (fl & * , / *) )# flfl , (fl62 fl " & R . 2 P RI ' , fl P I U ') R A - )# fl , (fl62 fl!24 * : 2 2 2 2 2 ' P P PR I U AU A - - 1 & (fl 2ffl )# fl , (fl62 fl- ( '* / (( / &(flfi fl' ( ffi2ffl % ) ) * fl, '& &# (fl / # 2 - fl, 1 flffl + # ),"(( */, fl* ! ') " , &" * # .

125 & # # (fl # !. 4# 'fl%( ',ffl+ & # # (fl # ',ffl+ . 4# 'fl,fi 2.5 4# 'fl* 4# 'fl* '( ( ff )# ,fi ffl+ fflff +%) ) * ') ' * ffl+2ffl fl! ffl + & )# fl ffi( * (* )ffl" fl(fl *. # 1) ( fl "(!(fl4 # 'fl* ffifi1 ')" ',ffl + ,( 6 & # , / & ff), ' fl , "'% ,ffl +(( fl3ffl + 3'%'( ( , ',ffl +(( - )"," 'fl',ffl +/ * # 1 *(2ffl * # 2, fl(fl! fl!(fl',ffl +(( * * # ,( 6 6 # ') fflff "'% " 1 ff # * # ,! flfl/ "(ffl # + ') (! flfl / "(- # (. *, # (flfl&# 2 'ffl +fl ,# * ffl+ AC ,(" : & # , # *(, (flfl,(" : # (fl # . . 4# 'fl,fi ffl+ 4# ,fi * 2 'fl*! & (fl& # '* ffl+,! ,(fl / "(!(fl # *- # (2 & # . '* ffl+, ! 6 # # (fl" (* ') %) ) * fl! ,fi " # (fl # / "(!(fl *ffl # + " . !. 4# 'fl%( 2 'fl*) fl& (fl& # '* ffl+,! ,(fl/ "( # !(fl *ffl # + 2 & # . fl , , (fl / "( *- # (/, # (fl, # # (fl/ # %) ) * & )# fl ,fi " / "( # *-(" . ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

126 * # , (%) ) * ,! 4# 'fl ,(" : # &, )# # ,(fl!" , # , &(fl /2ffl , 'fl, (* (! ffl + , %) ) * *(( ,( " : # #(fl. 2.6 ffl+ , "!(fl4# 'fl* 1) ,( (%) ) * U1 ,! & # / "( # N1 / '* *ffl+2 # N1 , 2ffl, +' ,ffl + B 'fl, ," 'fl ',ffl + B 'fl,fi ,/ 1I , fl, '* ffl+. 2) & # N1 6, fl',ffl +fl . fl , , " 'fl',ffl + B ,! /)"& " 6 2',ffl + ') % ,! *2 # (fl # / # "( N2 . 3) ,(fl/ , 'fl +' ,ffl + 'fl. fl , / fl, (, 2ffl # (fl # N2 ,% ) ) * U2 *. 1 & # *!(fl # # (fl2 , (& * , "fl/( /, # '* 2 I ! *ffl +2 "fl/(. ,ffl" % ) ) * !(fl * # fl(fl, (& "fi "fi fl / "(!(fl& # " ,(fl. fl , 1 1 2 2 U N k U N k ' # 'fl!(fl4# 'fl* 1 ffl 4 # 'fl* # ,fi) flfl : P ,! (input) = P (( (output) 11 1 fl I U cos' = 22 2 I U cos' 1 1 2 cos cos ' ' ; 12 1 21 2 UIN k UIN 1 4 # 'fl ,fi) flfl & fi !(fl4 # 'fl': 2 2 1 1 100% U I U I 5 (17.8)

127 2) " 'fl'* ffl+, '* fl (ff(, - '* ffl+2ffl , '* fl ,( " : *ffi( (Diode) fl2 . 2 . 'fl2ffl ,ffl ,1flffifl fl "*!(fl ffi( , " , fl * # (fl ( P ') N) , (& # ffi fl, , 2ffl, (& # P N . 2 !. ' ) fl* !(flffi(, " , fl , # fl !"( ffi ( A) ') ffi& (K). 2 . ' ) !(fl*ffi('ffl +((,) &$(. 1 , ,( ffi(& # ) # * ffl+* '* ((/ !" ffi& , 'fl '& fl #, '* fl6 fl4 #,4, "fl/( '* ffl+, '* fl 2 ,fi: ,fi, fl ') ,fi,& . "fl/( '* , "fl/( , - '* ffl+,fi ( 2ffl , '* fl. ,(fl2 fl & (fl 2 '* fl6 fl4 ,4 # " ,! '* ((/ # * 'fl , : , 4# *(( ),… ff fl , , &(fl* (" fl/(&(fl,! &. 3. ( flfi : ' 7, " ') (3 "! (fl. , (ff(: - '%,/ ! "( ffl+ '& 17.1 ffl 17.9. - 4# 'fl* !- (, * , ,(fl" '% ) ) * , ,(fl" ''* , ,(fl& * ') *ffi( . 4. / ') ( # / # 1: ') " " , '* ffl+ !(fl,(fl ,# '* ffl+ ,fi (2ffl,! 2/,1flffl + %) '* ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

128 ffl+ " & # , 'fl',ffl +, / # ,!# %) fi)fl fl * " ,(# fi)flfl ( 2 2 # fl' ,ffl +,fi (2ffl, fi )flfl * , / 'fl'%" 17.1 ,(# fi)flfl %) # fi)flfl * fi( fl( ffl+ , " ') ffiffl. ff / # 2: " " # flfi) flfl * / ffifl* *ffl (2 * ffi2ffl ,1 fl "(2 flfi) flfl * , !&( fl ') / fi) flfl * 'fl'%" 17.2 ') 17.3. ) flfi) flfl * (fl) ) fl, flffl" ') ) flB fl2& ffi2ffl ,1 fl! # ') ! # / # !(fl fl'& ),fi, fi ( " " ) / -# * ffl + ) 2 # * &" /fl2 "/ "# ,fi ( 2ffl ,ffl ,1fl 2 # * ) 1 , 2 ') ) 3 , 3 ffl+4 , 'fl'%" 17.4 ') 17.5. / # 3: " fi) flfl " ( ,! , (fl& * ,( '* % , ffl +fl/ # ,!# fi) flfl * ,*2 # fl, " fl )# fl* 2 2 # fl, ( '* % , fl, / " & * !(fl *, / fl * " / flffl ff +" 2 flfi) flfl * *2 ,fi (2ffl, fi) fl fl ,2 fl- (/ fl " / ,# &(fl fl "" ,! '* ( ') fl "% ) ) * fl'& & (fl / # '(2- fl. / # 4: ') " , (fl2 * 2 "/ # " , fl ffl+ ( 2 % ) ) * & fl ') ( - fl/ / # 3, flfi) flfl * &(fl fl "% ) ) * fl. fl , ,fi (&(fl 2ffl , %) ) * fi#" & (fl 2 # & (fl , (fl fl* 6 flfl 2 , fl,( " : 4# 'fl* . / /fl,- !(fl4 # 'fl* , ( fl, ffl + , "!(fl4# 'fl* 'fl'%" 17.6, ') 2ffl ,ffl" 4 # 'fl* 2 : 4 # 'fl,fi ') 4# 'fl%( " '&& fl '"2, / " fi ,( *) & fl3 " 4 # 'fl* .

129 / # 5: ') " , (fl2 * 2 "/ "# , fl ffl+ ( 2 # '* fl, : " , ffi) ff ') ( 3. fl , ,fi (&(fl 2 # (ff (,ffl + '* ffl+/ ,# &(fl , (fl fl * 6 flfl 2 , fl,( " : *ffi(. / # ,- # '%" 17.7 ') ( ffifl fl ') ff)!(fl*ffi( fi ( fl( " &# *ffi( ,fi ('fl'* ffl+, 'fl', fl , ',& ') '&(fl fl'fl2'%" 17.8 ') 17.9. 5. " ') , % 2ffl &( 1 ! # # !# 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ') !# 9. fi / ) / : - " 2/ ') 1 !(fl # . - " ,ffl !(fl. - ( 4!(fl 2 & / . # - " "2'& ) / !(fl # '& ) . - " 1& (fl!(fl # ,ffl ') ' ,)& "6 fl ') ,B ffl. ' ,B ffl 2ffl ' ,B ffl ! # 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ') !# 15. ' &( # 1 ') ' # ,B ffl !# 1 ffl !# 6 2ffl, fl &(& # ' .7 7. &(: # # *. ,fi 4 # 'fl* ffl+ , "ffi( * (* / & # *ffl # (fl. # fl , / fl& (fl % ) ) * 'fl&# ,! & # . 8. &(: # # '* ((/ # (fl. # ,fi " 6 # (fl # # " *ffl+',ffl + 'fl. fl , 'fl,(* (6 # (fl/ # fl # . 9. &( # !# 1 & (fl ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

130 10. 2 # 2 22 1 11 100% 100% P UI P UI 5 2 I 0,75A 11. . 2 # : 1 1 12 2 22 1 30 U N NU N UN U ( !. 2 # : 1 2 11 2 21 2 60A U I UI I UI U 12. " ,! '* 6 # (fl' # : 2 100 5 A 220 11 P I U 2 # 2 22 1 11 100% 100% P UI P UI 5 2 2 1 1 100% 6, 25A U I I 5U 13. 2 # 1 1 2 2 2300V U U k U U k '* 2 # (fl: # 2 230 220 1040A 2 E E I r )# flfl ,*2,(fl2 : 2 2 P rI 2 1040 2163200 W 14. #2 1 1 2 2 12V U U k U U k %) ) * fl((/ # (fl # 2 2 22 U E rI 12 0,6 5 9V 15. 2 # 2 22 2 1 11 1 cos 100% 100% cos P UI P UI ' 5 ' '& 1 1 2 2 U N U N 11 1 2 2 2 cos 4A 100% N cos N I I ' 5 '

131 18 "fl/(* 'ffl+ ,") 4 "ffifl 1. /fffl 2ffl ' ) ,! 2/: - " 4 !(fl %, fl ') ff !(fl" ,! '* ') %) ) * 2"fl/(* ffl+ &# 2, (fl& , , (fl (, ') # * # . - 2 # " & * / , " & ff ( ') )# flfl * !(fl"fl/(. 2ffl : - ( * '* *ffl+% , (fl ( ') # * # 2 "fl/(* 'fl ') 2" fl/(* 'ffl+. - ( * " , " & / 2, ff (fl ( ') " & ( # * # 2"fl/(* ffl+. - fl* % " ,! '* ffl+2" fl/( '& , (fl& , , (fl ( ') # * # . - '&'%" ," ,&)ffl" fl% ) ) * ') " ,! '* 2"fl/( '& , (fl& , , (fl ( ') # * # *. - 2 # & fl3' ,B ffl "! (fl* . 2. ,(2& & # 1) "fl/('* ffl+ '& , (fl& %) ) * ffl+2'& )/ ff,") max uU t sin '* ffl+ *ffl+% , (fl& R 2'&)/ ,") : ff max sin RiI t " ,! '* fl *ffl ff +2"fl/(' : max max U I R - 2"fl/( '& , (fl& % ) ) * ') '* ", . ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

132 q t Ri R u Umax max I t , R R i u , R R i u Ri R Umax u max I t T a b c - '%" , (Phasor diagram) !(fl%) ) * ') '* %'* ffl+ (root mean square: rms) , : max max 0,707 2 rms I I I %!(fl %) ) * , fl' ,(fl" ' fl* max max 0,707 2 rms U U U )# flfl * !(fl" & 2" fl/(* ': 2 2 rms av rms rms rms U P RI I U R 2) "fl/('* ffl+ '&, (fl( + / * ff !(fl,(fl (* 2"fl/('* fl: 2,") fl& K /* / ,ff ( */ 6ff '% "') " (2ffl , * / )ff 6 '% ) , ( / * ff ,& ')" /6 # ff / * ff " fl /(,fl . + / * ff !(fl,(fl (* 2"fl/(* 'ffl+ /, 2ffl, (* / ' ff * % , (fl ( &ffl +( ,") , fl " '* ,( % , (fl ( * fl .

133 + % !(fl, (fl (* &# '* ffl+ ,(& # K 2 M, (* D fffl! ) - fl; / K ((/ M ')"& # 2 N; (* D ff # fl! '& # fffl, ) # &# K 2 M. 2) # &# K 2 N, 1 %) ) * ffl+ "% ) ) * fl, (* D # fffl,) . 'fl" , (fl (* 2ffl'* ffl+% '& # 2ffl'* fl% fi ( fl !" fl , ( % !(fl'* ffl+, 4 " " " & * 2,(fl (, fl,( " : " & /ff. + fi"fi )ffl" fl'* ') %) ) * %) ) * ffl+ max uU t sin . '* ffl+ *ffl+% , (fl ( C : / max cos C dq i CU t dt , , fl cos sin 2 x x ffl ff fi ! " " & / , ff fl ) ' " ZC ') ffl"- "' ffi( ( 6 ). 1 ZC C , max max C U I Z '" ,! '* fl . ff '* *ffl+% , (fl (' : max sin( ) 2 C iI t 2"fl/(* ffl+ '& , (fl (( "% ) ) * ," '* C i , ff / 2 $ fl. '%" ,!(fl%) ) * ') '* , C C i u C i C u Umax max I t , C C i u C i C Umax u max I t T a b c d e f ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

134 i i e e 3) "fl/('* ffl+ '& # ( * + %!(fl# ( * &# '* ffl+ ,(& # K 2 M, (* D fffl! ) - fl;/ K ((/ M ')"& # 2 N;( * D # fffl! '& # fffl, ) # &# K 2 M. 'fl" # (* '* ffl+ " & * ,! 2 # (* ,(" : " & ( * . + fi"fi)ffl" fl'* ') %))* %) ) * ffl+ max uU t sin 2ffl Li ''* ffl+ *ffl+% # ( L , 2 # /, # " - '- +' ,ffl +0 N B * I /%, 2ffl +' ,ffl + 'fl ') fi 2ffl, 'fl, (* (! & Li eN L t t , fl 2 0 N L A * ' # " (* ffl"- "' ) (H) . 1 fi / ) 2,") 3 t , Li t , %& ) !(fl # Li & ,") . fl , 'fl, (* (2 # (* ' L di e L dt . 1 '* ,fi ! /, # 'fl, (* (& # & ,fi !, 1 '* fflff +)fl /, # 'fl, (* (2 &# & ffl ff +)fl ffl + , !(fl'* ,(fl fl . ,( '* 'fl,! 2 'fl, # (* (, (& "fi "fi fl ) !(fl 'fl'* . & ,ffi(2" fl/( e u 0 ' e ') u /*

135 max max sin 0 sin L L di U L U t di tdt dt L max 0 0 sin Li t L U di tdt L 7 7 max cos L U i t L 2 # !(fl*& & cos sin 2 x x ffl ff fi ! ", % " ,! '* ffl+% : # max sin( ) 2 LiI t , " ,! '* ffl+ fl %ff ' # : max max L U I Z , ZL L ,(" " & (* , fl ffl"- "' ffi( ( 6 ). 2"fl/(* ffl+ '& # (* (", '* Li ," % ) ) * L u , ff / 2 $ fl. '%" ,!(fl%) ) * ') '* Umax , L L i u Li L u , L L i u Li L u Umax max I t max I a b c d e f t t 3. ( flfi : ' 7, " ') (3 "! (fl. , (ff(: ,(fl& * , ,(fl (* , *, * # , * , fl& * , ,(fl" '% ) ) * (Voltmeter), ,(fl" ' '* (Ammeter). ,/'!fl ffl + '& 18.1, ffl 18.11. ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

136 4. / # ') ( / # 1: fi # " " ,! '* , , ffi(2"fl/(* fl ') 'fl, (* ffl+ ffl + %) ) * ffl+ ')" # ,! " fl/(* 'ffl+, / 'fl'%" " fl /(* ffl+ '& , (fl& & # 2" fl/( fl 18.1. ffi(fl2 ,ffi( 2"fl/(, " 1(* % '* ffl+, " ,! '* ffl+ fl , ff %!(fl" ,! '* , %!(fl% ) ) * ') 1(* )# flfl * !(fl"fl/( / fi # '& '%" ," ,&)ffl" fl" ,! '* % ) ) * fl 18.2. / # 2: fi # " )ff !(fl, (fl (, / * ff !(fl,(fl (, (& # ,(fl (2 " fl/('* fl ') '* ffl+ ffi'fl 18.3 ') 18.4, fi(" # fi # , )(flffi &# ,(fl (2 " fl/(* ffl+ fl 18.5 ')"( / * ff !(fl,(fl ( fi ( fl1(* " & / 2" ff fl/(* ffl+. ffl +fl/ 'fl'%" " fl/(* ffl+ '& , (fl ( fl 18.6 ') " ,fi (1(* % '* 2"fl/( fi ( fl'& '%" ," ,&)ffl" fl% ) ) * '* fl 18.7. / # 3: fi # " )ff !(fl *, # ( ' * % & ,!(fl ) *, fi (" # fi # , )(fl ffi &# *2 # " fl/(* ffl+ fl 18.8 ')"( '* % fi # ( fl1(* " & (2" fl/(* ffl+. ffl+fl/ 'fl'%" " fl/(* ffl+ '& # fl 18.9 ') " ,1 fl'fl, (* (2 / # 1(* % '* 2"fl/( fi ( fl'& '%" ," ,&)ffl" fl% ) ) * '* fl 18.11.

137 5. " ') , % 2ffl &( 1 ! # # 1, 2 ') !# 3. fi / ) / : - " 2/ ') 1 !(fl # . - " ,ffl !(fl. - ( 4!(fl 2 & / . # - " "2'& ) / !(fl # '& ) . - " 1& (fl!(fl # ,ffl ') ' ,)& "6 fl ') ,B ffl 2ffl , " . ' ,B ffl 2ffl ' ,B ffl ! # 4, ffl !# 12. ' &( # 1 ') ' # ,B ffl !# 1, 2 ') !# 3 2ffl, fl& '. 4. " ,! '* fl ff max max 155 0,775A 200 U I R " ,! '* % max 0,775 0,55A 2 2 I I 5. / ffi/ max 2A 2 I I , fi)flfl " ( 2 2 Q RI t 200 2 3600 2 5760kJ 6. ,(fl (fifl 0A C d ') " & / ff 1 ZC C - 1 ffl ff +*)ffl fl) fl, flfl " (/,fi !, (fl, ( , , '& " & / /ffl ff ff +)fl, flfl. - 1 ffl ff +*)ffl fl) fl,) (3/(fl'% !- ' " (/,fi !,) (3/ # # *, ((fl'% ' , " " & / fffflff +)fl ,)(3 ')/ , , ((fl'%' . ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

138 7. '* fl ff 3 3 max I I 2 12 10 1, 4 14 17 10 A " & / ff 6 11 1 3185 2 2 3,14 50 10 ZC C fC 6 %) ) * fl ff 3 max max U RI 3185 17 10 54V %) ) * % max 54 38V 2 1,414 U U 8. 1 1 100 ; 2 ZC C fC 6 max max 120 2 1,2 2A 100 C U I Z 2"fl/(* ffl+ '& , (fl (, '* *"," % ) ) * , / 2 . % '* 2"fl/(' : 1, 2 2sin(100 t+ )A 2 C i 9. 1 100 50 2 Z L L 6 , max max 120 2 2,4 2A 50 L U I Z 2"fl/(* ffl+ '& , (fl (, '* *"," % ) ) * , / 2 . % '* 2"fl/(' : 2,4 2sin(100 t ) A 2 Li 10. . 2 2 3,14 50 0,8 251,2 Z L fL L 6 !. max max 2 220 1,414 1,24 A 251,2 L L U U I Z Z 11. . 50sin100 (V ) R u t , !. 1000sin(100 ) V 2 C u t . 2sin(100 ) V 2 L u t 12. . max 200 2 sin100 sin100 2 2 sin100 A 100 R U i t tt R !. max max sin(100 ) sin(100 ) 2 2 sin(100 ) A 2 22 1 C C U U it t t Z C . max max sin(100 ) sin(100 ) 2, 4 2 sin(100 ) A 22 2 L L U U it t t Z L

139 19 "fl/(* 'ffl+ RLC &# , 4" ,") 4 "ffifl 1. /fffl 2ffl : - ') ,! 2/" 4 !(fl %, fl ff ') !(fl" ,! '* ') %) ) * !(fl"fl/(* ffl+ , (fl & , , (fl ( ') # (, ,) R C L &# '), &# '!- ') &# '. - ') '& '%" ," ,&)ffl" fl" ,! '* ') % )) * !(fl"fl/( (, ,) R C L &# '), &# '!- ') &# ' * ,/ '%" ," ,& 1(* *) " & 'Bfl!(fl "fl/(, fl,)ffl" fl'* % ) ) * . - 2 # & fl3,fi (' ,B ffl "! (fl* ') ,(# * 2 2 "/ "# * . 2. ,(2& & # 1) "fl/( RLC &# ) '&'%" ," ,&%) ) * U RI R (", I ); U ZI L L (*"," I " / 2 ); ') U ZI C C ( ," I " / 2 ). 2, 2 ZL L fL '" & (* ') 1 1 2 ZC C fC '" & / * ff . UR UL UC U I U U L C U U L C U UR ZL ZC ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

140 RI CI L I I U C L I I C L I I I RI 1 Z 1 R 1 1 Z Z C L %) ) * ffl+!2 ," ,&: UU U U RLC ffl+ , UU U R LC , fl U UU LC L C !- !(fl%) ) * )"2"fl/(* ffl+' : 2 2 ( ) U U UU R LC ') U ZI " & 'Bfl!(fl" fl/(: 2 22 2 1 () ( ) Z R ZZ R L L C C Z '" & 'Bfl* 2"fl/( ffl"- ", ffi( 6 . " ,! '* i 2'&)/ ,") 2" ff fl/(' : max iI t sin( ) fl,)ffl" fl% ) ) * ') * 'ffl+2" fl/(. 1/ L C LC R UU ZZ L C tg UR R ffl+ *) * / cos / / U U RZ R cos ,(" : ( & )# fl (Power factor) !(fl"fl/(* ffl+. 2) "fl/( RLC &# !- '&'%" ," ,&'* 2"fl/( R U I R (", U ); L L U I Z ( ," U " 2 ) ') C C U I Z (*"," U " 2 ). " ,! '* ffl+!2 ," ,& RLC I III ffl+ , R CL I I I 2 CL C L I I I !- !(fl" ,! '* )"2"fl/(* ffl+' : 2 2 ( ) R CL I I II ') U I Z

141 2 I 1I I U '1 '2 ' R1 R2 L1 L2 C2 C1 R0 L0 C0 R1 R2 L1 L2 C2 C1 * 2 2 2 2 1 1 11 1 1 C L C Z R ZZ R L ffl ff ffl ff fflff ffl ff fi fi fi fi ! " ! " !" ! " Z '" & 'Bfl* 2"fl/( ffl"- ", ffi( 6 . " ,! '* i 2'&)/ ,") 2" ff fl/(' : max iI t sin( ) fl,)ffl" fl% ) ) * ') * 'ffl+2" fl/(. 1 1 1 tan 1 1 CL C L R C II Z Z L I R R 3) "fl/( RLC &# ' 3.1 ) # &# '!- 1) *) " & 'Bfl!(fl'& )&(!(fl" fl/(. 2) !% '* 2ffl'& )&( %ff ) ) * 6(fl !(fl" fl/(' max uU t sin , 1 1max 1 iI t sin ' , fl max 1 1 1max 1 1 1 ; tan U ZL C Z I Z R ' iI t 2 2max 2 sin ' , fl max 2 2 2max 2 2 2 ; tan U ZL C Z I Z R ' 3) % '* % " fl/(& ' ii i I t 1 2 max sin ' / '%" ," ,&'fl % 1 2 I I I ffi U 62'(, 2 22 1 2 12 2 1 I I I II 2 cos ' ' ') 1 12 2 1 12 2 sin sin tan cos cos I I I I ' ' ' ' ' 3.2 ) # fl& # ) ') &# !- 1) fi / ) "fl/( &# !- (, ! # 3.1. 2) '&'%" ," ,&,fi ('fl% UU U AM MB ffi,( I , ' (, (fl2 '%" ," ,&/* : ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

142 UAM UBM U I ' BM ' AM ' 22 2 AM MB AM MB AM MB U U U UU 2 cos ' ' *) !(fl ' */ '%" ," ,& AM AM MB MB UU U cos cos cos ' ' ' ffl+ *) / AM AM MB MB AM AM MB MB sin sin tan cos cos U U U U ' ' ' ' ' 4) #)fl* 2"fl/(* 'ffl+ )# fl,) !(fl" fl/(* ffl+ cos P UI av cos , fl,( " : ( & )# fl (Power Factor) ') & fl'& 0 ffl 1. 1 " fl/( '& '), # (fl (* 90 )# fl* /, , 1 " fl/( fifl'& , (fl& * fl6 fl" 0 , cos cos0 1 )# fl* P UI av . 2"fl/(* 'ffl+ RLC &# ) ffl+ &# !- , )# fl* 12 / *2, (fl& * fl, . ' cos UR R U Z 2/* : 2 cos P UI U I RI av R 3. ( flfi : ' 7, " ') (3 "! (fl. , (ff (: - ,(fl& , , (fl (, , * # , * , ,(fl" '% )) * (Voltmeter), ,(fl" ''* (Ammeter). - '%,/ ! "'& 19.1, 19.2, 19.4, 19.5, 19.7 ') 19.9. 4. / # ') ( / # 1: fi # " " " fl/(* ffl+ &# ,fi ,(fl& , , (fl ( ') : % # ) ) * , '* ') '% " ," ,&)ffl" fl% ) ) * '* . / # 2: ,- # '%" "fl/(* ffl+ RLC &# ) fl 19.1, / " '& '%" ," )ffl" fl% ) ) *

143 ') '* 2"fl/( fl 19.2, / '%" ," ,& ') ,ffi( * ') "1(* *) " & 'Bfl!(fl" fl/(, fl,)ffl" fl %) ) * '* ') fl* % * 'ffl+ 'fl& ,") ')" fi # ' ,)& "6 fl. / # 3: ,- # '%" "fl/(* ffl+ RLC &# !- fl 19.4, / " '& '%" ," )ffl" fl% ) ) * ') '* 2"fl/( fl 19.5, / '%" ," ,& ') , ffi(* ') " ') " 1(* *) " & 'Bfl!(fl "fl/(, fl,)ffl" fl% ) ) * '* ') fl* % * 'ffl+ 'fl& ,") ')" fi # ' ,)& "6 fl. / # 4: ,- # '%" "fl/(* ffl+ RLC &# ' ffifi / ) , (fl) # fl 19.7 ') 19.9, / " '&'%" ," ,&)ffl" fl'* % ) ) * fl 19.8 ') 19.10. / '%" ," ,& ') " 1(* *) ' * )"!(fl"fl/(, " & 'Bfl)"!(fl" fl/(, fl,)ffl" fl% )) * '* ') fl* % * 'ffl+ 'fl& ,") ')" fi # ' ,)& "6 fl. / # 5: ') " " *) )# fl* , % )) * , '* 2"fl/(* RLC ')" " fi ,( )# fl fl ,)2" fl/(* ffl+& '. 5. " ') , % fi / ) / : - " 2/ ') 1 !(fl # . - " ,ffl !(fl. - ( 4!(fl 2 & / . # - " "2'& ) / !(fl # '& ) . - " 1& (fl!(fl # ,ffl , ' ,)& "6 fl ') ,B ffl. ສ.ວ.ສ ສະຫງວນລຂ ິ ະສດ ິ

144 ,B ffl 2ffl ' ,B ffl ! # 1, (!# 15. ' # ' ,B ffl 1. &# ): 2 # 2 2 ( ) Z R ZZ L C ' * : Z 6 2 1, 414 &# !- : 2 # 2 2 1 1 11 ( ) Z R ZZ L C ' * : 2 0,89 5 Z 6 2. 20 Z L L 6 ; 1 50 ZC C 6 ; 2 2 ( ) 50 6 Z R ZZ L C '* % 4,4A U I Z , fl, 3 tan 37 4 Z Z L C R ' ' '* *"," % ) ) * " 37 37 rad 180 U RI R 176V ; U ZI C C 220V ; U ZI L L 88V 3. " & 'Bfl 127 =63,5 2 U Z I 6; 2 15,7 Z L fL L 6 '&" & 'Bfl 22 2 2 22 ( ) Z fl R Z R RR Z Z tL t L L ' * : 2 2 60,5 R ZZR 6 L L U RI R 121V , 2 2 U ZI R Z I L tL L L 31,5V 4. 2 157 Z L fL L 6 ; 1 1 318,5 2 ZC C fC 6 " & 'Bfl 2 2 ( ) 190 Z R ZZ 6 L C ; '* =1,16A U I Z , )# fl* P UI cos' , fl cos 0,53 R Z ' '( & )# fl. fl , )# fl* 2"fl/(' P UI cos 135W ' 5. )# fl* 2 22 2 22 cos L U RU RU P Z Z RZ ' 120 Z L L 6 , & ffl+ (ffl 2ffl !(fl& ff ) * # : '( ) 0 120 PR R Z 6 L '* 0,92A 2 U U I Z R

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