CONTRACT & ESTIMATING

Substructure ITEM

( below lowest floor) - EXCAVATION
- CONCRETE
- PAD FOOTING
(foundation) BLINDING/LEAN
- FORMWORK
- COLUMN STUMP - REINFORCEMENT
- GROUND BEAM
CONCRETE
- REINFORCEMENT

BAR
- LINKS/ stirrups

Column stump
Pad foundation

1. Pad foundation Element
- Excavation(m3)
- Concrete blinding/lean(m3) - EXCAVATION- PF,GB
- Formwork(m/m2) - CONCRETE BLINDING/LEAN
- Reinforcement bar(m)
- Reinforcement concrete(m3) Concrete- PF,GB
- FORMWORK- PF, GB & Column
- REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE- PF,

Column, GB
- REINFORCEMENT BAR- PF,

Column, GB
- LINKS- Column, GB

2. Column stump Height < 1m
- Formwork(m2) (unit m)
- Reinforcement (bar & link bar/stirrup)(m)
- Reinforcement concrete(m3)

3. Ground beam
- Excavation(m3)
- Concrete blinding/lean(m3)
- Formwork(m2)
- Reinforcement (bar & link bar/stirrup)(m)
- Reinforcement concrete(m3)

Video 1:Reinforced concrete building

Video 2: pad foudation

CASTING OF RC PAD FOUNDATION 5. Reinforcement bar (
horizontal and vertical)
1. excavation
6. Column stump
2. Lean concrete Reinforcement

3. Form work 7. concreting

4. Add spacer 8. Formwork can be
block dismantled

Pad foundation

Your calculation include:
1. Excavation
2. Concrete blinding
3. Formwork
4. Reinforcement (bar/stirrup)
5. Reinforcement concrete

Bar and stirrup

Ground beam

Concrete cover block/spacer block

Excavation Work for Pad Foundation

 Excavation for pad foundation is measured in cubic
meters.

 According to Standard Measurement Method 2 (SMM
2), depth of excavation as follows:

1. Maximum depth not exceeding 0.25m
2. Maximum depth not exceeding 1.00m
3. Maximum depth not exceeding 2.00m
4. Maximum depth not exceeding 4.00m
5. And thereafter in 2.00m stages

Item Pad Column stump Ground beam
foundation
wor
k // /
Excavation(m3)

Concrete / /
blinding(m3)

Formwork(m/m2) / / /

Reinforcement bar / / /
& stirrup(m)

Reinforcement / / /
concrete(m3)

GROUND BEAM

Before backfilling &
compacted of
subgrade soil

Backfilling &
compacted of
subgrade soil

Question: Purpose ?

Based on PLAN JKA/PSAS/2006, prepare the Elakkan keluli bar
taking off for pad footing, column stump and melentur,elak
ground beam, and measure all item. bergerak,
melambatkan
proses failure

150x500 ground beam

1 : 2 :4

Floor slab 100mm



25 mm 4Y12

28R8-250
7200

1.Excavation

4/ 1. not exceeding 0.25m
2. not exceeding 1.00m
3. not exceeding 2.00m
4. not exceeding 4.00m
5. And thereafter in 2.00m
stages

Total depth= 750+300+25= 1075mm
1.56 First excavation 0.25m

Second exc. = 1075-250 = 825 = 0.83 m

Exca. Pad foundation

6
5.19

Exca. Ground beam

1

4/ Total depth= 500+25= 525mm
First excavation 0.25m

Second exc = 525-250 = 275 = 0.28 m

0.99

Exc. Ground beam

2
1.11

Concrete blinding

4/ m3
1
0.025 0.16
Thick 250

Concrete blinding

m3
1

4/
0.025 0.099

Formwork to:

Pad Foundation & ground beam (ssm ms 33)
- Exceeding 1.00m high- square meters.(m2)
- Not exceeding 1.00m high-meters(m)
starting the height in the following categories:

1. Not exceeding 250mm high Refer this
2. 250mm-500mm high categories in
3. 500mm-1.00m high description row

Beam (ssm ms 34)
square meters

column
square meters

formwork

4 pad height 20
foundation Height 300

300
20

1250

4 side

formwork

4 column 300
stump 300

750

4 side 3.6 atau Girth
4/0.3=1.2 1.2
4
1.2
0.75

formwork

m

Height < 1.0m -----unit meter

4/2
6.6
52.8 500

6600

Reinforced concrete

2

4/
1.88

Reinforced concrete

1

4/
0.27

Reinforced concrete

2

4/
1.98

Exercise 1

a. State standard units for measurement in quantity measurement
Nyatakan unit piawai bagi pengukuran dalam pengukuran kuantiti.

[5 marks]

b. Based on drawing PSAS/JKA/PAD FOOTING/01 and Table B2: Pad Footing Schedule, calculate a quantity of
concrete blinding, reinforced concrete for F1 and F2.

Assume :

Concrete cover for pad footing and column stump : 25 mm

Concrete blinding thickness for pad footing: 30mm

Gred concrete: 1:2:4-20 mm aggregate

Berdasarkan lukisan PSAS/JKA/PAD FOOTING/01 dan Table B2: Jadual Papak Asas, kirakan kuantiti bagi konkrit
pemarasan, dan konkrit bertetulang bagi F1 dan F2.

Andaian:

Penutup konkrit bagi papak asas dan tiang asas :25 mm

Ketebalan konkrit pemarasan bagi papak asas: 30mm

Gred konkrit: 1:2:4-20 mm aggregate

[10 marks]

c. Refer to the same drawing PSAS/JKA/PAD FOOTING/01 and Table B2: Pad Footing Schedule, calculate a quantity
of reinforcement bar of pad footing, F2 and F3.
Assume :
Concrete cover for pad footing and column stump : 25 mm
Berdasarkan lukisan PSAS/JKA/PAD FOOTING/01 dan jadual B2: Jadual Papak Asas, kirakan kuantiti bagi bar
tetulang dalam papak asas, F2 dan F3.
Andaian:
Penutup konkrit bagi papak asas dan tiang asas :25 mm

[10 marks]

Drawing: PSAS/JKA/PAD FOOTING/01 Number Table B2 : Pad Footing Schedule Reinforcement/
Of Jadual B2 : Jadual Papak Asas Tetulang
Pad
footing Footing/ Pad footing dimensions/ X,bar Y,bar
mark/ Bil. Asas Dimensi Asas Pad
Tanda
Pad B,mm L,mm H,mm
Asas
Pad 2 1050 1050 250 5T12-225 5T12-225

F1

F2 3 1550 1550 300 5T12-175 6T12-175

F3 2 1850 1850 350 5T16-200 6T16-200

Reinforcement bar

- Reinforcement bars are calculated in metres. All the steel sizes are based
on BS5950.

- Concrete cover based on BS8110 is also taken into consideration as a
safety precaution. Reinforcements failed when exposed to extreme heat
therefore concrete covers prolong the failure of reinforcement.

- For column stumps and ground beams, usually there are two types of
reinforcement:

i. Soft Steel – R,M, MR,MS (250N/mm2)
ii. High Yield Steel – Y,H,HY,HT (460N/mm2 )

iii. How to read reinforcement in plans:

4 Y 16 size of steel
Number of reinforcement bars Type of steel

28 R 12

Ukuran diameter Keluli Bar

- Ukuran yang tetap (Standard)
6,8,10,12,16, 20, 25, 32, 40 dan 50mm.

- Ukuran yang tidak tetap (Non Standard)
2, 3, 4, 5 dan 7mm

- Ukuran Panjang 12.19 m (40 ‘) – yang tetap
/standard

Calculation of bends and hooks



Continue

Pad foundation
- Excavation(m3)
- Concrete blinding/lean(m3)
- Formwork(m/m2)
- Reinforcement concrete(m3)
- Reinforcement bar(m)

4/ Bil bar 56

56

Horizontal & 2 bend
vertical bar

4/4 Main bar
28.48
29
Reinforcement vertical
& horizontal If refer plan-
pembasian

500mm
*ambl nilai

besar
30D=600

Soft Steel/Stirrup

bil 68
4/

67.2

Length of x = 0.3 - (2x0.04) x 0.22
= 0.22 4x= 0.88

Length of 4x= 4x0.22= 0.88

2.8So that; 0.88 + 2(12D)= 2(12

Where;D= 0.08m

Example: Total of stirrup calculation

Given: R6-225

X=Length of structure + 1

c/c Column stump

X = 1050 + 1 750
225
750+300=1050

X = 5.667 = 6

300

Column stump 40mm

Length of 4x= 4x0.22= 0.88 Concrete
cover
Length of x = 0.3 - (2x0.04) x Reinforcement bar
= 0.22 Link or stirrup

Length of 4x= 4x0.22= 0.88

2.8So that; 0.88 + 2(12D)=

Where;D= 0.08m

x

300

Reinforcement in beam

Beam and column

Calculate

Ground beam
1. Excavation (selesai)
2. Reinforcement bar to GB
3. Stirrup to GB

Ground slab
1. Damp proof membrane(Lapisan kalis lembab)
2. BRC Wire mesh(unit sheet)
3. Concrete
4. Screed

Reinforcement bar

Ground beam

4

118

Bil bar

4/ Length = 7200
4

7.348 Less c/cover – 2(40) - 80

117.568

Add bend + 2(9.5D) + 228

= 7348
= 7.348

stirrup

Ground beam

Ground beam 28

Length of x 132
L= 500
4/ 28
1.172 Less CC = 500-(2x40)= 420
2x= (2x420)=840
131.3 y 500
Length of y X

L= 150 150
Less CC = 150-(2x40)= 70
2y = (2 x 70) = 140

2x + 2y = 980

Add hook
2 (12D) = 192
total = 1172 = 1.172

Example: Total of stirrup calculation

Given: R8-250

X=Length of structure + 1
c/c

X = 6600 + 1
250

X = 27.4 = 28

BEAM

6600

Taking off: Ground slab

1. Damp proof membrane(Lapisan kalis lembab)
2. BRC Wire mesh(unit sheet)
3. Concrete
4. Screed

BRC Wire mesh

Damp proof membrane

To prevent rising damp