CONTRACT & ESTIMATING

Ground slab

Earthwork

1. Site clearance
- Removing trees(unit:no)
- Removing hedges( unit: m)
- Clearing undergrowth/shrubs(unit:m2)
- Tree stumps(unit:no)
- Lifting turf(m2)
- Top soil(unit:m2)

2. Cut & fill

Clearing undergrowth/shrubs

Tree stump

Lifting turf Removing hedges

Top soil

Removing hedges

20000 • example:
• total length = 20 + 20
•
= 40.0 m

20000

Excavating top soil

- The depth of top soil removed is 150mm to 300mm
- The unit of top soil excavation is square meter(m2)

Excavating top soil

A
B

solution

DRWG NO. BILL NO. ELEMENT : SLIP NO : 1

Work Below Lower Floor Finish UNIT
m2
HEADING QUANTITY

Excavation top soil

DESCRIPTION

Excavation top soil for preservn. Avg. 150mm deep

15.00 Excavation top soil commencing from ground
15.00 level not exceeding 1.50m depth,

5.00 A]
12.00
225

B] 20 000-15 000 = 5000

60

Cut and fill

Cutting and filling

i. Square method
ii. Triangle method

Question: refer grid given calculate cutting and filling
1. Formation level is 4m
2. Top soil is 150mm

Cutting and filling: Square Method

60m

A 8.52 B 8.73 C 7.69 D 8.67 E 8.67

F 5.32 G 7.98 H 7.50 I 5.78 J 7.98
O 9.23
30m

K 8.56 L 7.75 M 6.89 N 7.78

P 6.95 Q 7.29 R 4.90 S 7.70 T 5.75

Nilai ketinggian adalah aras laras sebenar yang dikira dalam ukur aras

Cut and fill Top soil
00..1155m
GL= 8.52m 4.40.m0

Depth = 8.52- 0.15- 4.0 = + 4.37m Formation level
Formation level means the final earthwork
level after cutting or filling.

solution

Ground Reduce Formation Depth (A) Weighting (B) Weighting depth Weighting depth
Level level Level AxB AxB
Location Top soil Cutting Filling No of square (Cut) (Fill)
8.52 8.37 4.00 (+) (-)
A 8.73 0.15 8.58 4.00 1 4.37
B 7.69 0.15 7.54 4.00 4.37 2 9.16
C 8.67 0.15 8.52 4.00 2 7.08
D 8.67 0.15 8.52 4.00 4.58 2 9.04
E 7.98 0.15 7.83 4.00 1 4.52
F 7.98 0.15 7.83 4.00 3.54 2 7.66
G 7.50 0.15 7.35 4.00 4 15.32
H 5.78 0.15 5.63 4.00 4.52 4 13.4
I 7.98 0.15 7.83 4.00 4 6.52
J 8.56 0.15 8.41 4.00 4.52 2 7.66
K 7.75 0.15 7.6 4.00 2 7.7
L 6.89 0.15 6.74 4.00 3.83 4 15
M 0.15 7.63 4 10.95
N 7.78 0.15 9.08 4.00 3.83 4
O 0.15 6.8 3.35 2 14.52
P 9.23 0.15 7.14 4.00 1.63 1
Q 6.95 0.15 4.75 4.00 2 10.16
R 7.29 0.15 7.55 4.00 3.83 2 2.8
S 4.90 0.15 5.6 4.00 2 6.28
T 7.70 0.15 4.00 3.85 1 1.5
5.75 4.00 48 7.1
3.75 1.6
162.34
2.74

3.63

5.08

2.8

3.14

0.75

3.55

1.6

TOTAL

AVERAGE

VOLUME OF SOIL

Calculation:
Average height = total weighting depth

total weighting
= 162.34/ 48
= 3.38

Volume of soil = area x average of height
= (60x 30) x 3.38
= 6087m3

Cutting and filling: triangle method

60m

A 8.52 B 8.73 C 7.69 D 8.67 E 8.67

F 5.32 G 7.98 H 7.50 I 5.78 J 7.98
O 9.23
30m

K 8.56 L 7.75 M 6.89 N 7.78

P 6.95 Q 7.29 R 4.90 S 7.70 T 5.75

solution

Ground Reduce Formation Depth (A) Weighting (B) Weighting depth Weighting depth
Level level Level AxB AxB
Location Top soil Cutting Filling No of triangle (Cut) (Fill)
8.52 8.37 4.00 (+) (-)
A 0.15 2 8.74
8.73 0.15 8.58 4.00 4.37
B 3 13.74
7.69 0.15 7.54 4.00 4.58 10.62
C 8.67 0.15 8.52 4.00 3 13.56
D 8.67 0.15 8.52 4.00 3.54 3 4.52
E 7.98 0.15 7.83 4.00 4.52 1 11.49
F 7.98 0.15 7.83 4.00 4.52 3 22.98
G 7.50 0.15 7.35 4.00 3.83 6 20.1
H 5.78 0.15 5.63 4.00 3.83 6 9.78
I 7.98 0.15 7.83 4.00 3.35 6 11.49
J 8.56 0.15 8.41 4.00 1.63 3 11.55
K 7.75 0.15 7.6 4.00 3.83 3 22.5
L 6.89 0.15 6.74 4.00 3.85 6 16.44
M 7.78 0.15 7.63 4.00 3.75 6
N 9.23 0.15 9.08 4.00 2.74 6 21.78
O 6.95 0.15 6.8 4.00 3 15.24
P 7.29 0.15 7.14 4.00 3.63 1
Q 4.90 0.15 4.75 4.00 3 2.8
R 7.70 0.15 7.55 4.00 5.08 3 9.42
S 5.75 0.15 5.6 4.00 2.8 3 2.25
T 3.14 2 10.65
0.75 72 3.2
3.55
1.6 242.85

TOTAL

AVERAGE

VOLUME OF SOIL

Calculation:
Average height = total weighting depth

total weighting
= 242.885/ 72
=3.37

Volume of soil = area x average of height
= (60x 30) x 3.37
= 6071m3

Exercise 1

100mm
4.8m

Exercise 2

180mm

5m

Exercise 3

According to the figure, estimate the quantity of
earthwork to be cut and filled using the triangle
method.
Data given:

1. Interval is 10 m
2. Formation level is 4m
3. Top soil is 150mm

exercise 150.35 151.20
148.52 150.5
150 151.50

151 151.2

151.4 149.2 149.62 15085

151.75 148.25 147.52 150.3

151.95 147.85 148.50 150.82

Answer

1. Average height
……………………………….
Volume of soil
(40x30)x ……………= ………………..m3

2. Average height
………………………………..
volume of soil
(40x30)x ………………….=…………………….m3

Piling Work Deep foundation

- Piling is a type of ground treatment which is
driving a pile into the ground below ground level

- It’s used to strengthen the soil so that the ground
able to support the load of the building

- Shallow foundations are defined as those where the depths are less than 3 m below the
finished ground level
- Deep foundations are defined as those where the depths are more than 3 m below
the finished ground level.

Pile

Types of piles

- Pre-Cast Reinforced Concrete Piles
- Cast Insitu Reinforced Concrete Piles
- Timber pile
- Steel pile

Ground level Column

Pile cap
pile

pile

Types of pile

Pre-Cast Reinforced Concrete Piles

Cast In situ Reinforced Concrete Piles

Timber pile Types of pile
steel pile
steel pile

Extension

 Point
-Number of holes in the pile cap

1 hole 2 holes 4 holes

Refer standard method of measurement (smm)

SECTION E : PILING

E.5 piling description and mesurement

.

Question:

Based on drawing PSAS/JKA/PILING/01;
a) Prepare taking off list
b) Schedule of pile cap
c) Calculate quantity all the piling works.

Berdasarkan lukisan PSAS/JKA/PILING/01;
a) Sediakan senarai pengukuran kuantiti
b) Jadual cerucuk
c) Kirakan kuantiti bagi semua kerja-kerja cerucuk

Example: taking off pile

PSAS/JKA/PILING/01

Figure: Point of pile

Data

NOTES:

 All pile is precast reinforced concrete pile
 All pile should be in 300mm diameter
 Supply length of pile shall be:
Starter pile: 6.00 m long
Extension pile: 6.00 m long
Estimated penetration depth is 35 meter
Working load: 30 tones per pile
 The test load to twice working load shall be maintained for

48 hours.
 Legend:
P1 – pile cap with 1 point
P2 – pile cap with 2 point
P3 – pile cap with 3 point

solution

i. Taking off list
ii. Schedule of pile cap
iii. Mobilization of piling plant (unit:item)
iv. Initial piles(unit:No)
v. Driven depth (unit: m)
vi. Pile extension(unit:No)
vii. Pile extension exceed x.00 m long (unit :m)
viii. Jointing of piles (unit:No)
ix. Cut of piles(unit:No)
x. Testing of piles(item)

Taking off list

DRAWING NO BILL NO ELEMENT SLIP NO
HEADING
DESCRIPTION UNIT
QUANTITY

Answer for question (a)

TAKING OFF LIST:
1. Mobilisation of piling plant – item
2. Initial pile – no
3. Driven depth – m
4. Pile extention – no
5. Pile extention exceed 3.00 meter long – m
6. Jointing of pile – no
7. Cutting of top pile and prepare for pile head – no
8. Testing of pile – item

(4 marks)

Answer for question (b)
Schedule of pile cap:
(4 marks)

Location Type of pile cap

A/ 1 – 5 P1 P2 P3
B/1–5 1
C/1–5 2
D/1–5 1
TOTAL 2 3

21

2

55

Example: taking off pile

PSAS/JKA/PILING/01

Figure: Point of pile

i. Mobilization of piling plant

DRAWING NO BILL NO ELEMENT SLIP NO
PSAS/CC301/JULY 1 mark PILING 1
2011/PILING

HEADING
Mobilisation of piling plant

DESCRIPTION UNIT
Item
Bringing in and removing from site all plant required for this section 1 mark

of work

& 1 mark QUANTITY
Maintaining on site all plant ditto.
Item 1 mark

Item

Item P1,p2,& p3
1 mark
(total 5 marks)

ii. Initial pile

DRAWING NO BILL NO ELEMENT SLIP NO
PSAS/CC301/JULY PILING 2
2011/PILING
1 mark
HEADING
Initial pile

DESCRIPTION UNIT
Supply, deliver and unload on site 6.00 meter long with 300mm No 1 mark
diameter initial precast reinforced concrete pile.

QUANTITY

1 mark 27 1 mark

1/ 2 P1
2

2 P2
5

10

3 P3
5

Point of pile – 15 (total 7 marks)
27
(Refer Total pile
legend:p1,p2,p3) 3 marks initial

Total types of pile/pile cap
(schedule of pile cap)

iii. Driven depth

DRAWING NO BILL NO ELEMENT SLIP NO
PSAS/CC301/JULY 2011/PILING PILING 3

HEADING 1 mark UNIT
Driven depth m 1 mark
QUANTITY
DESCRIPTION 945 1 mark
Driven only vertical 300mm diameter precast reinforced concrete pile

Penetration 1 mark

depth

1/ 2 P1

35.00

70.00

2 35.00 P2
5

350.00

3 P3
5 525.00
945.00
35.00 (total 7
3 marks marks)

Total driven

iv. Pile extension (no of pile)

DRAWING NO BILL NO ELEMENT SLIP NO
PSAS/CC301/JULY 1 mark PILING 4
2011/PILING

HEADING
Pile extention

DESCRIPTION UNIT
Supply, deliver and unload on site 6.00m long with 300mm diameter
extension precast reinforced concrete pile. No 1 mark

1 mark QUANTITY
135 1 mark

1/ 2 P1 5 6m
4 6m
5 3 6m Bil ext pile

10

P2

2
5

5
50
P3

Bil extention pile=5 2 6m (total 7 marks)

3 5 1 6m Note:
5 75 6m penetration = 35 m
Initial pile Length =6 m
Bil ext pile 135
36 m- 35m =1 m(cut)
3 marks

Total ext pile

v. Extension of pile exceed 6m long

DRAWING NO BILL NO ELEMENT SLIP NO
PSAS/CC301/JULY 2011/PILING PILING 5

HEADING 1 mark
Extention of pile exceed 3.00 m long

DESCRIPTION UNIT
Total length of pile extension for pile length exceeds 3.00 meters long.
m 1 mark
1 mark
QUANTITY
810 1 mark

1/ 2 6.00 60.00 P1 point Bil ext
6.00 300.00 P2
5 P3 2/5/5

2 Bil pile cap
5
5

3 (total 7
5 marks)
5

6.00

450.00

Bil ext of pile Length of 810.00 Total ext of pile
pile
3 marks

vi. Jointing of pile

DRAWING NO BILL NO ELEMENT SLIP NO
PSAS/CC301/JULY 1 mark PILING 6
2011/PILING
HEADING 1 mark UNIT
Jointing of pile
No 1 mark
DESCRIPTION
Total no of jointing of pile

QUANTITY

135 1 mark

1/ 2 P1

5

10

P2 Jointing=5

2 (total 7 marks)

5

5

50 P3

3 75
5
135
5
3marks
Jointing=bil extention

vii. Cutting of top pile and prepare for pile head

DRAWING NO BILL NO ELEMENT SLIP NO
PILING 7
PSAS/CC301/JULY
1 mark
2011/PILING

HEADING

Cutting of top pile and prepare for pile head

DESCRIPTION UNIT
Total no cutting of top pile and prepare pile head for pile capping
No 1 mark

QUANTITY

1 mark 27 1 mark

1 2 21 P1
22 2

5 51 P2
33
55 10 P3
15
1 (total 7 marks)

point Total Pile 27

3 marks

viii. Testing of

pile

DRAWING NO BILL NO ELEMENT SLIP NO
PSAS/CC301/JULY 1 mark PILING 8
2011/PILING

HEADING
Testing of pile

DESCRIPTION UNIT 1 mark
Item
60Allow 2 no. testing on a single and group pile to a total load of 140
QUANTITY
tonnes
Item
1 mark

1 mark

Ite P1 , P2 and P3
m
1 mark

(total 5 marks)

2 x 30(working load)= 60

Total marks:
= 52/52 x 22
= 22 marks

exercise

12 3 4
P3
A P3 P2 P2 P2
B P2 P1 P1 P3
C P3 P1 P1
D P4 P4

Figure 1: Point of pille

Refer to the data and figure 1 given prepare taking off list, schedule of pile cap and calculate quantity all the
piling works.

ITEM DESCRIPTION

TYPE OF PILE REINFORCED CONCRETE PILE 200X200MM

DRIVEN 28 m
DEPTH/penetration
WORKING LOAD 25 TONNES
THE TEST LOAD TO TWICE WORKING LOAD SHALL BE MAINTAINED FOR 48 HOURS
STATERS PILES/initial 3.00 m LONG

EXTENTION PILES 5m LONG
LEGEND P1- 1 PILE POINT
P2- 2 PILE POINT
P3- 3 PILE POINT
P4- 4 PILE POINT

Refer to the data and figure 1 given prepare taking off list, schedule of pile cap and calculate quantity all the
piling works.

ITEM DESCRIPTION

TYPE OF PILE REINFORCED CONCRETE PILE 200X200MM

DRIVEN DEPTH 23 m

WORKING LOAD 25 TONNES
STATERS PILES THE TEST LOAD TO TWICE WORKING LOAD SHALL BE MAINTAINED FOR 48 HOURS

3.00 m LONG

EXTENTION PILES 3m LONG AND 6 m LONG
LEGEND P1- 1 PILE POINT
P2- 2 PILE POINT
P3- 3 PILE POINT
P4- 4 PILE POINT

Solution :Perlu ada 2 form untuk
1. Extension of pile exceed 3m long and 6m ……………..unit m
2. Pile extension 3 m and 6 m ………………….unit NO

Pile foundation

Pile foundation

CHAPTER 7(2) :
THE QUANTITY MEASUREMENT