ENGLISH IN THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY

ANTOPULO ELENA

ENGLISH IN THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY

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КРАЕВОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ
ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

«АЛТАЙСКИЙ ПОЛИТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ТЕХНИКУМ»

Учебно-методические пособие для
изучающих английский язык в индустрии
красоты

Автор-разработчик: Антопуло Елена Ивановна

Барнаул, 2021 г

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Учебно-методические пособие для изучающих английский
язык в индустрии красоты

Содержит профессионально ориентированные тексты, диалоги, лексические
и грамматические упражнения, направленные на развитие навыков устной
речи, чтения и понимания специальной литературы, а также тематические
словари к каждому уроку, грамматический справочник, грамматические
таблицы, лексические и грамматические тесты.
Соответствует ФГОС СПО последнего поколения.
Рекомендовано для освоения профессий из списка ТОП-50 наиболее
востребованных на рынке труда, новых и перспективных профессий.
Для изучения английского языка в средних профессиональных учебных
заведениях по специальностям «Технология парикмахерского искусства» и
«Парикмахерское искусство», Может использоваться в качестве
вспомогательного материала студентами
средних учебных заведений, обучающимися по сервисным специальностям,
а также лицами, которым необходимо усовершенствовать английский язык в
области индустрии красоты.

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Содержание.

А.История парикмахерского искусства. A. History of hairdressing.

1.Внешность. 1. Appearance.
2.Профессия парикмахера. 2. Profession of a hairdresser.
3.Волосы. 3. Hair.
4.Декоративная косметика 4. Decorative cosmetics
5.Профессия визажиста 5. The profession of a makeup artist
6.Салон 6. Salon
7.Мода и стиль. 7. Fashion and style.
8.Косметология 8. Cosmetology
9. Уход за кожей 9. Skin care
10 Средства по уходу за кожей 10 Skin care products
11.Предупреждения старения кожи 11. Prevention of skin aging
12.Методы омолаживания кожи 12. Methods of skin rejuvenation

B.Современные парикмахерские B.Modern hairdressing tools.
инструменты. 1. Modern hairdressing tools.
1.Современные парикмахерские 2. Basic hairdressing terms and techniques.
инструменты. 3. Professional hair dryers and
2.Основные парикмахерские термины и hair straightening irons
приемы. 4. Water and solutions. Disinfection of
3.Профессиональные фены и щипцы для hairdressing tools
выравни- 5..Hair clippers. Milling knives, brit-you.
вания волос Fixing compounds in hairdressing
4.Вода и растворы. Дезинфекция
парикмахерских инструментов
5..Машинки для волос. Филировочные
ножи, брит-вы. Фиксирующие составы в
парикмахерском деле

C.Типы волос и особенности ухода за C.Hair types and features of hair care
1. Hair types and features of hair care.
ними 2. Hair styling.
1.Типы волос и особенности ухода за ними. 3 Hair problems and methods of their
elimination.
2.Укладка волос. 4 Shaving the face. Beard and mustache
3 Проблемы волос и методы их устранения. cutting

4 Бритье лица. Стрижка бороды и усов

D.Теория цвета. D. Color theory.
1 Теория цвета 1 Color theory
2.Характеристика групп красителей. 2. Characteristics of dye groups.
3. Digital designation of paints.
3.Цифровое обозначение красок. 4. Lightening and discoloration of the hair.
4.Осветление и обесцвечивание волос. 5.Highlighting the hair.
6 Weaves.
5.Мелирование волос. 7. Hairstyles with braids
6 Плетения. 8. Hair extensions.

7.Прически с косами
8.Наращивание волос.

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9.Уход за нарощенными волосами. 9. Care for hair extensions.
10.Биозавивка. 10. Biozavivka.
11.Уход за волосами после химической 11.Hair care after perming.
завивки. 12 Modern methods of painting.
12 Современные методы окраски. 13. Working with gray hair
13.Работа с седымиволосами E.Hairstyles
E.Прически 1. Hairstyles for girls
1.Прически для девочки 2. Hairstyles for children
2.Прически для детей 3. Men's classic haircuts
3.Мужские классические стрижки 4. Stylish men's haircuts with shaving ri -
4.Стильные мужские стрижки с sunk.
выбриванием ри- 5. Short women's haircuts
сунка. 6. Prom Hairstyles
5.Короткие женские стрижки 7. Wedding hairstyles
6.Прически для выпускного бала
7.Свадебные прически. F. Ethics of communication
1Psychology of the client.
. 2. Professional ethics.

F.Этика общения
1Психология клиента.
2. Профессиональная этика.

Предисловие

Данное учебное пособие предназначено для изучения английского языка
в средних профессиональных учебных заведениях, готовящих специалистов
в сфере индустрии красоты: парикмахерское искусство
Пособие может также использоваться в качестве вспомогательного учебника,
а также лицами, которым необходимо усовершенствовать
английский язык в области индустрии красоты.
Пособие состоит из блоков, в которых находятся темы по данным блокам.
Этоти разделы могут также использоваться как основа для умения выполнять технические
переводы.

Автор не предлагает строгих методических рекомендаций по использова
нию пособия. Конкретные методические приемы зависят от уровня подготовки
учащихся и целей обучения. Разделы могут изучаться в любой последователь
ности, как в полном объеме, так и выборочно.
Пособие предназначено для обучающихся, успешно освоивших програм
му английского языка средней школы.

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А. 1.1.История парикмахерского искусства
The History of hairdressing.

A history of hairdressing, health and beauty

Hairdressing, health and beauty have been inextricably linked since the dawn of
civilisation. Mental and physical health is the basis on which humans arrange their
hair and apply make-up to enhance their appearance and look beautiful. The
definition of beauty changes with the times and with individuals, but the wish to
look beautiful never changes.

The history of the haircut

Throughout history, societies have found a way to confine or cut the hair so it is
not in the way. Wigs have figured into the realm of beauty including the roman
matrons ornately curled, blond wigs, the extreme wigs of the 17th century and the
black lacquered wigs of Japanese geishas. Shaving the head has often been a sign
of significance. Christian and Buddhist monks shave the head to indicate their
renunciation of the world. Muslim men left a single long lock on their shaved
heads so Allah could pull them up to heaven.

Hair dressing traditions

Hairdressing also proclaimed other life situations. Ancient Greek boys cut their
hair, and when Hindu boys reached adolescence, they shaved their heads. In
medieval Europe unmarried girls did not cover their flowing hair, but after
marriage they bound it under veils. Ancient Egyptians grew their hair long as a
sign of mourning and Hindu widows cut their hair as a sign of mourning.

Hairstylists and health

Individuals always try to stay healthy, if they are able, because being healthy
means more energy and a better lifestyle. Attention to the health of the general
public started early. Romans separated human waste as a necessity for public

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health. The Chinese practiced variolation as early as 1000 BC to prevent smallpox.
Those who did not have the disease could inhale the dried crusts of lesions on
infected individuals and get some protection from the disease.
The germ theory and the miasma theory were prevalent in England in the 19th
century. The germ theory gave the correct reason for most diseases but did not gain
much favour until Louis Pasteur’s experiments in spite of Anton van
Leeuwenhoek’s discovery of microbiology in 1680. The miasma theory was
correct in one respect. It said that disease was caused by poor sanitation. Once the
microorganism was recognised as the cause of many diseases, they began to be less
prevalent and public health turned to chronic diseases such as heart disease and
cancer.
The changing face of beauty
Beauty is such a subjective idea that the history of beauty tends to be a history of
fashion. The ideal beauty for the ancient Egyptians was enhanced by the copper
and lead ore they used for cosmetics. Throughout history women and men found
ways to enhance their appearance according to the fashion of the time. Many
homemade cosmetics were highly toxic including arsenic, mercury and lead which
gave women the pale appearance that was fashionable. Today, cosmetics are
regulated so they don’t contain toxins.
Fashion changes quickly from a heavily made up artificial appearance to a simple,
natural look and back again. What is considered great beauty in one decade will
not be the look the next generation wants. Eye liner is one attempt at beauty that
has not changed much for 5000 years.

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1. 2.APPEARANCE
ВНЕШНОСТЬ

№1

Face — Лицо

long длинное

oval овальное

round круглое

square квадратное

thin худое

fleshy мясистое

puffy одутловатое

wrinkled морщинистое

pasty болезненно-бледное

pimpled прыщеватое

freckled веснушчатое

pock-marked рябое

swarthy смуглое

gaunt изможденное

sunburned загорелое

clean-shaven гладко выбритое

Features — Черты лица

chiselled точеные

clean-cut резко
очерченные

delicate тонкие

forceful сильные

regular правильные

irregular неправильные

large крупные

small мелкие

stern суровые

Smile — Улыбка

charming прелестная, очаровательная

engaging обаятельная

happy счастливая

pleasant приятная

pleased довольная

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sweet милая

broad широкая

cunning хитрая

faint едва заметная

ironical ироническая

sad печальная

strained искусственная

wry кривая

enigmatic загадочная

winning привлекательная, подкупающая

Complexion — Цвет лица

dark темный

fair светлый

sallow болезненно-желтый, землистый

Skin — Кожа

delicate нежная

rough грубая

Nose — Нос

aquiline орлиный

flat приплюснутый

hooked крючковатый

snub курносый

fleshy мясистый

straight прямой

potato nose нос картошкой

Lips — Губы

full полные

thick толстые

rosy розовые

painted накрашенные

parched запекшиеся

parted полуоткрытые

Cheeks — Щеки

chubby пухлые

hollow впалые

pale бледные

pink розовые

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rouged нарумяненные

ruddy румяные

stubby небритые

wrinkled морщинистые

dimples on the cheeks ямочки на щеках

Mouth — Рот

firm твердый

large большой

small маленький

stern суровый

toothless беззубый

strong сильный

vivid выразительны
й

Figure — Фигура

fat тучная

paunchy с брюшком

plump полная

stout тучная

well-fed упитанная

lathy долговязая

lean худощавая

slender стройная

slim тонкая

slight хрупкая

neat изящная

graceful грациозная

Stature — Рост

diminutive миниатюрный

tall высокий

short низкий

middle-sized средний

Hand — Рука

calloused огрубевшая

hairy волосатая

large большая

small маленькая

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puffy пухлая

soft мягкая

Eyebrows — Брови

arched дугой

bushy густые

pencilled того очерченные

beetling нависшие

shaggy косматые

Forehead — Лоб

broad широкий

doomed выпуклый

high высокий

large большой(открытый)

low низкий

narrow узкий

retreating покатый

Hair — Волосы

black черные

jet-black черные как смоль

dark темные

brown каштановые

auburn золотисто-каштановые

fair русые

blond светлые

golden золотистые

red рыжие

reddish рыжеватые

grey седые

grizzling седеющие

ash-blonde пепельные

crisp вьющиеся

waved завитые волнами

curled завитые

curly кудрявые

lank прямые

thick густые

abundant густые и длинные

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scanty редкие
short короткие
sleek приглаженные
silky шелковистые
luxuriant пышные
rumpled взъерошенные
dishevelled растрепанные
long длинные
dyed крашеные
bobbed коротко остриженные

№2 Идиомы о внешности

to be easy on the eye— быть симпатичным, привлекательным

to be drop-dead gorgeous— необыкновенной красоты

eye candy— приятный глазу

to be not just a pretty face — иметь не только красивое личико, но быть еще
и умным

to be dressed up like a dog’s dinner— разодеться в пух и прах

to be done up to the nines — быть нарядно одетым

to be dressed to kill— шикарно одетый

to look like a million dollars — выглядеть на все сто

to put one’s glad rags— надевать свою праздничную одежду

to be down-at-heel— иметь жалкий вид

a middle-aged spread — живот (появляющийся с годами); отсутствие талии

butter wouldn’t melt in the mouth— прикидываться тихоней

five o’clock shadow— легкая щетина на лице

to have a face only mother could love— быть некрасивым

to look the part— выглядеть соответствующе

the spitting image of smb— точная копия; как две капли воды

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№3 Переведите текст.Выпишите новую лексику из текста.

My name is Ann. I am 16 years old. I study at school. Next year I am going to
enter the university.

I have auburn hair and brown eyes. I like to wear my hair long. I had my hair cut
last month, so it is shoulder-length at the moment. My hair is straight and quite
thick. I like to style it in different ways. My favourite hair styles are trendy
ponytails or a cute bun. Sometimes I plait my hair or just leave it loose.

I have an oval face. It is quite slim. I have a neat nose and thin lips. I hardly apply
any make-up. I think that healthy and good-looking skin is what makes a girl
attractive. Many people say that I resemble my mom.

I am slim and tall. My height is 170 cm. I like wearing different clothes. I often
wear trousers or jeans with a top or a pullover. I put on a skirt or a dress for some
special occasions. I like to wear heels. In my everyday life I wear stylish medium-
heeled shoes. To be honest, I have quite a big collection of shoes for different
occasions. I think in the future this collection will get even bigger.

I am a very open and easy-going person. My lifestyle is quite active. I often meet
with my friends, go to different concerts and exhibitions and try to follow
everything what might interest young people.

№4 Переведите текст.Выпишите новую лексику из текста.

My name is Andrew. I am 16 years old. I am a handsome young man. By the way,
this is not my personal opinion. This is what people often say to me.

I have short fair hair and gray eyes. I have wide eyebrows and a well-proportioned
nose. There is a small scar on my chin. It is on the left. When I was little, I had a
really bad fall and hurt my chin. Since then I have had this scar

I am quite tall. My height is 172 cm. I am one of the tallest in my class. I am also
quite slim. I go in for swimming.

Casual style is my favourite one. I usually wear jeans and T-shirts. I also prefer
comfortable casual shoes. I often have earphones put into my ears, because I love
listening to good music. I always wear a dark leather bracelet on my right wrist. I
got it as a gift from one of my best friends.

I am a bit reserved person. Maybe this is the reason why some people think that I
am not very friendly. However, I am a very friendly and positive guy. My friends
know they can always rely upon me and I am always ready to help.

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№5 Переведите текст.Выпишите новую лексику из текста.

A well-known proverb says that first impressions are half the battle. It means that
when we see a person for the first time, we always estimate his or her appearance
and clothes, and then manners and character. And only after we spend much time
together with this person, we begin to understand his inner world, his real thoughts
and feelings. That is why I think, those, who say that appearance doesn’t matter at
all, are slightly insincere. Of course, height and weight are not the most crucial
things on Earth, but sometimes they really matter. For example, when you are
applying for a prestigious job, your appearance may play a decisive role.

As for my appearance, I consider myself to be neither ugly nor exceptionally
beautiful. To my mind, I look quite ordinary, though my friends often say I am
good-looking. But first of all, let me introduce myself. My name is Maria, and I am
a second-year university student. I am twenty years old. I am quite short in height –
just 162 centimeters. I wouldn’t say that I am too thin: my weight is about 57
kilograms. But personally, I think that my body is nice, and I don’t want to be
skinny.

Original colour of my hair is brown, but some time ago I decided to become a
blonde. My good friend is a hairdresser. She advised me hair highlighting. She
lightened separate strands of my hair, and then toned them to make the colour more
level. Now I am almost a platinum blonde. I am a sun-seeker, so my skin is always
slightly tinted. It matches fair hair and brown eyes very well. My friends consider
that with my new hair colour I became much brighter and prettier.

As for my facial features, I look more like my mother than father. I have a round
face, plush lips, brown eyes and long lashes. Now my hair is straight, but when I
was a little girl, it was a little wavy like my father’s. What I don’t like about myself
is freckles! Every spring they outbreak on my cheeks, and I have to hide them with
the help of tinting cream.

Also I want to say a couple of words about my favourite clothes. As I am not very
tall, I like to wear high-heeled shoes. My legs are slender enough, so, I can afford
mini skirts and short dresses. Of course, like any twenty-year-old girl, I have my
favourite and comfortable jeans that are perfectly combined with a lot of things –
from check shirts and sweaters to elegant tops and blouses. I prefer warm colours,
such as yellow, red, olive, but I dislike violet and green shades

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Of course, beauty is a relative term, but in general I am satisfied with my
appearance. Sometimes looking in the mirror I notice that I am resembling my
Mum more and more. I think it’s not bad. My Mom is forty-five now, and she still
looks very well. And I hope that I will look the same way.

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№5 Рассмотрите схему и выполните перевод психотипов в таблице.
Выпишите новую лексику.
Существует теория, что у каждого человека в мире, есть по меньшей мере –
шесть двойников. Научного подтверждения она не получила, но всерьез
заставила людей задуматься о своей идентичности в обществе. Раз внешне
каждый из нас, в один прекрасный момент может оказаться не уникален,
возьмем другим – одеждой. Точнее – неповторимым образом, ярким и
выдающимся, который не только сможет отличить нас от
импровизированного двойника, но и будет выгодно отличать от остальных.

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«Сlassic»

Говоря же о типаже «classic», первое
что приходит на ум –
уравновешенность, спокойствие.
Этому типажу соответствует фигура
среднего роста, с пропорционально
правильными чертами лица, без
каких-либо ярко выраженных
изгибов и форм. Лицо в таком случае
зачастую схоже с фигурой –
правильные черты, гармонично
расположенные относительно друг
друга. Такой тип внешности кратко
можно описать формулировкой –
красота в простоте. Вроде бы, ничего
выдающегося, но внешность
однозначно приятная, и
заслуживающая внимания. К этому
типажу относятся такие известные
девушки как Шэрон Стоун, Грейс
Келли и Кейт Босуорт

«Natural»

Наиболее емкое описание внешности,
характерной типажу «natural» -
квадратокруг. Широкое лицо, с
притупленными, угловатыми чертами
лица, прямые и тонкие губы, глаза
среднего размера. Если представить
описываемый образ, вряд ли
получится представить себе картину
красивого женского лица. Однако, на
практике все гораздо лучше. Но о
примерах поговорим позже, а пока –
обратимся к телу.

Рост у девушек и женщин, типаж
внешности которых относится к
категории «natural» -
преимущественно средний,
телосложение – приближенное к
мускулистому, широкие плечи, ноги

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и руки – чуть больше
среднестатистического размера.
Кажется – ничего выразительного, но
вот девушки, чья внешность
относится к этому типажу – убедят
вас в обратном. Дженнифер Энистон,
Клаудия Шиффер, Джулия Робертс –
уж их внешность невыразительной
назвать будет, пожалуй, достаточно
сложно.

«Gamine»

Самый миниатюрный и аккуратный
из типажей Кибби «gamine»
представляет собой равное сочетание
«инь» и «янь» но с ярко
выраженными чертами каждого из
этих типажей. Узкое, немного
угловатое лицо, четко выраженные
лицевые кости, выразительные,
большие глаза и тонкие (реже –
средние) губы.

Фигура – квадратной формы, все
линии – преимущественно прямые,
узкие плечи, отсутствие сколь-нибудь
выразительных форм, практически
прямая линия «грудь-талия-бедра»,
худощавость, жилистость. Опять же,
на словах – образ непритязательный,
но только посмотрите на
представительниц данного типажа:
Эмма Уотсон, Одри Хэпбёрн, Натали
Портман, Риз Уизерспун.

Гардероб для «gamine» - тоже
гармоничное сочетание Инь и Янь.
Четкие линии, крой по фигуре, легкие
материалы и множество тонких,
четких линий – вот оптимальный
выбор для вас, если ваша внешность
соотве Но даже эти пять основных
типажей не смогли в полной мере
отразить всё многообразие, даже
основных типов женской внешности.

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Тем не менее, эта классификация
Дэвида Кибби – фундамент
дальнейших исследований в вопросе
изучения типажей женской
внешности.

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№6 Типажи внешности по Двин Ларсон
Запишите и переведите их. Расскажите о отличиях внешности типажей.

№7 Рассмотрите и переведите все типажи.

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21

22

23

24

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1.3.PROFESSION OF A HAIRDRESSER
ПРОФЕССИЯ ПАРИКМАХЕРА

№1 Прочитайте и выпишите главную информацию из текста

Choosing a future profession is an important decision. After all, people usually
spend eight hours a day at work, and sometimes even more. Therefore, it is very
important to choose an activity that you like.
I want to be a hairdresser. In my childhood I liked to comb my dolls and make
braids. Then I began to do hairstyles for myself, my sister, my mother and friends.
Now my mother even trusts me hair coloring.
Hairstyle helps people to create the image that they want, to emphasize
individuality. In everyday life women usually prefer simpler hairstyles, but they
often want to look more original at the party or another celebration. It is always
nice to help a person to become more beautiful and attractive.
I know that this profession also has some disadvantages. The hairdresser usually
spends the whole day on the feet. Because of this, there may be problems with
veins and even varicose veins. I hope that preventive measures will allow me to
avoid this. Every profession has some drawbacks, it's not a reason to give up your
favorite occupation.
I read blogs and watch YouTube-channels about fashion, style in general and
hairstyles. There you can get interesting ideas and learn about new techniques. But
I also plan to get an education in College. College students have an internship,
after that it is much easier to get a job. Maybe someday I'll even open my own hair
salon.
People use the services of hairdressers regularly, so a good hairdresser will always
have customers.

№2 Varieties

Occupation hairdresser has its own varieties, namely:

 Men's masters – create a hairstyle exclusively for the male population.
They know all of the features of men's haircuts, know how to create a
modern men's hairstyle, through different tools. Also, these experts make
shaving and know various styles of beards and mustaches.

 Women's masters spetsializiruyutsya on creating hairstyles for women.
Their duty is haircut, staining of any complexity, painting, styling, perms,
hair straightening and many other modern procedures for hair.

 Colorists – creates hairstyles by staining curls. Data experts will help you to
choose the type and color of paint, and even oxidizer, to her. They
competently produce any kind of staining.

 Experts on weaving engaged in the creation of unusual and original
hairstyles by braiding. French braid, spike, afromosia, openwork braids,

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Greek – it's all the handiwork of the data masters. They know lots of
different techniques of weaving.
 Barbers-universals is a universal master. They should be able to understand
the different haircuts, know all about the Curling, painting, laying,
hairstyles. These wizards became a lifesaver for most salons.
 Hair stylists – they are real wizards. They help to create not just a hairstyle,
a true masterpiece, which fits perfectly with the image of the client. this
level are considered to be the most competent experts and is often invited to
expensive salons, on television or in show business.
And it is not surprising, because these masters versed in the modern fashion trends,
can create a haircut or styling of any degree of complexity. They also work well
with hot scissors, and know all the ways zavivok and hair colors. model, evening
and exotic hairstyles - this is their prerogative.
he pros and cons

Being a hairdresser is a very profitable:
 decent wages;
 highly demanded trade;
 flexible work system;
 may work in salons, and at home;
 Creativity and creative profession.

But there are drawbacks:
 Work on the legs, It causes fatigue and leg disease;
 there is a possibility, that not all customers will be satisfied with the result;
 possible occurrence of skin diseases;
 purchase of professional tools at their own expense.

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1.4.Волосы
Hair

№1Прочитайте текст и дайте ему название.Переведите

Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Hair is one
of the defining characteristics of mammals. The human body, apart from areas of
glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus
hair. Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth, hair types, and hair
care, but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein,
notably alpha-keratin.
Attitudes towards different forms of hair, such as hairstyles and hair removal, vary
widely across different cultures and historical periods, but it is often used to
indicate a person's personal beliefs or social position, such as their age, sex, or
religion.

Each strand of hair is made up of the medulla, cortex, and cuticle.[4] The innermost
region, the medulla, is not always present and is an open, unstructured region.[5]
The highly structural and organized cortex, or second of three layers of the hair, is

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the primary source of mechanical strength and water uptake. The cortex contains
melanin, which colors the fiber based on the number, distribution and types of
melanin granules. The shape of the follicle determines the shape of the cortex, and
the shape of the fiber is related to how straight or curly the hair is. People with
straight hair have round hair fibers. Oval and other shaped fibers are generally
more wavy or curly. The cuticle is the outer covering. Its complex structure slides
as the hair swells and is covered with a single molecular layer of lipid that makes
the hair repel water.[4] The diameter of human hair varies from 0.017 to 0.18
millimeters (0.00067 to 0.00709 in).[6] There are two million small, tubular glands
and sweat glands that produce watery fluids that cool the body by evaporation. The
glands at the opening of the hair produce a fatty secretion that lubricates the hair.[7]

Hair growth begins inside the hair follicle. The only "living" portion of the hair is
found in the follicle. The hair that is visible is the hair shaft, which exhibits no
biochemical activity and is considered "dead". The base of a hair's root (the "bulb")
contains the cells that produce the hair shaft.[8] Other structures of the hair follicle
include the oil producing sebaceous gland which lubricates the hair and the
arrector pili muscles, which are responsible for causing hairs to stand up. In
humans with little body hair, the effect results in goose bumps.

Root of the hair

The root of the hair ends in an enlargement, the hair bulb, which is whiter in color
and softer in texture than the shaft, and is lodged in a follicular involution of the
epidermis called the hair follicle. The bulb of hair consists of fibrous connective
tissue, glassy membrane, external root sheath, internal root sheath composed of
epithelium stratum (Henle's layer) and granular stratum (Huxley's layer), cuticle,
cortex and medulla.[9]

Natural color
A woman with dark blonde hair, the basal color appears brown due to higher levels
of brownish eumelanin.

All natural hair colors are the result of two types of hair pigments. Both of these
pigments are melanin types, produced inside the hair follicle and packed into
granules found in the fibers. Eumelanin is the dominant pigment in brown hair and

30

black hair, while pheomelanin is dominant in red hair. Blond hair is the result of
having little pigmentation in the hair strand. Gray hair occurs when melanin
production decreases or stops, while poliosis is hair (and often the skin to which
the hair is attached), typically in spots, that never possessed melanin at all in the
first place, or ceased for natural genetic reasons, generally, in the first years of life.

Human hair growth
Main article: Human hair growth

Hair grows everywhere on the external body except for mucus membranes and
glabrous skin, such as that found on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and
lips.

Hair follows a specific growth cycle with three distinct and concurrent phases:
anagen, catagen, and telogen phases; all three occur simultaneously throughout the
body. Each has specific characteristics that determine the length of the hair.

The body has different types of hair, including vellus hair and androgenic hair,
each with its own type of cellular construction. The different construction gives the
hair unique characteristics, serving specific purposes, mainly, warmth and
protection.

Texture

Hair exists in a variety of textures. Three main aspects of hair texture are the curl
pattern, volume, and consistency. The derivations of hair texture are not fully
understood. All mammalian hair is composed of keratin, so the make-up of hair
follicles is not the source of varying hair patterns. There are a range of theories
pertaining to the curl patterns of hair. Scientists have come to believe that the
shape of the hair shaft has an effect on the curliness of the individual's hair. A very
round shaft allows for fewer disulfide bonds to be present in the hair strand. This
means the bonds present are directly in line with one another, resulting in straight
hair.[10]

The flatter the hair shaft becomes, the curlier hair gets, because the shape allows
more cysteines to become compacted together resulting in a bent shape that, with
every additional disulfide bond, becomes curlier in form.[10] As the hair follicle
shape determines curl pattern, the hair follicle size determines thickness. While the
circumference of the hair follicle expands, so does the thickness of the hair follicle.
An individual's hair volume, as a result, can be thin, normal, or thick. The
consistency of hair can almost always be grouped into three categories: fine,
medium, and coarse. This trait is determined by the hair follicle volume and the
condition of the strand.[11] Fine hair has the smallest circumference, coarse hair has
the largest circumference, and medium hair is anywhere between the other two.[11]

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Coarse hair has a more open cuticle than thin or medium hair causing it to be the
most porous.[11]

Classification systems

There are various systems that people use to classify their curl patterns. Being
knowledgeable of an individual's hair type is a good start to knowing how to take
care of one's hair. There is not just one method to discovering one's hair type.
Additionally it is possible, and quite normal to have more than one kind of hair
type, for instance having a mixture of both type 3a & 3b curls.

Andre Walker system

The Andre Walker Hair Typing System is the most widely used system to classify
hair. The system was created by the hairstylist of Oprah Winfrey, Andre Walker.
According to this system there are four types of hair: straight, wavy, curly, kinky.

 Type 1 is straight hair, which reflects the most sheen and also the most
resilient hair of all of the hair types. It is hard to damage and immensely
difficult to curl this hair texture. Because the sebum easily spreads from the
scalp to the ends without curls or kinks to interrupt its path, it is the most
oily hair texture of all.

 Type 2 is wavy hair, whose texture and sheen ranges somewhere between
straight and curly hair. Wavy hair is also more likely to become frizzy than
straight hair. While type A waves can easily alternate between straight and
curly styles, type B and C Wavy hair is resistant to styling.

 Type 3 is curly hair known to have an S-shape. The curl pattern may
resemble a lowercase "s", uppercase "S", or sometimes an uppercase "Z" or
lowercase "z".[citation needed] This hair type is usually voluminous, "climate
dependent (humidity = frizz), and damage-prone."[citation needed] Lack of proper
care causes less defined curls.

 Type 4 is kinky hair, which features a tightly coiled curl pattern (or no
discernible curl pattern at all) that is often fragile with a very high density.
This type of hair shrinks when wet and because it has fewer cuticle layers
than other hair types it is more susceptible to damage.

Andre Walker hair types :

Type 1: Straight

1a Straight Hair tends to be very soft, thin, shiny, oily, poor at holding
(Fine/Thin) curls, difficult to damage.

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1b Straight Hair characterized by volume and body.
(Medium)

1c Straight Hair tends to be bone-straight, coarse, difficult to curl.
(Coarse)

Type 2: Wavy

2a Wavy Hair has definite "S" pattern, can easily be straightened or
(Fine/Thin) curled, usually receptive to a variety of styles.

2b Wavy Can tend to be frizzy and a little resistant to styling.
(Medium)

2c Wavy (Coarse) Fairly coarse, frizzy or very frizzy with thicker waves,
often more resistant to styling.

Type 3: Curly

3a Curly (Loose) Presents a definite "S" pattern, tends to combine thickness,
volume, and/or frizziness.

3b Curly (Tight) Presents a definite "S" pattern, curls ranging from spirals to
spiral-shaped corkscrew

Type 4: Kinky

4a Kinky (Soft) Hair tends to be very wiry and fragile, tightly coiled and
can feature curly patterning.

As 4a but with less defined pattern of curls, looks more like
a "Z" with sharp angles
4b Kinky (Wiry)

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1.5Декоративная косметика
Decorative cosmetics

Decorative cosmetics is ...
It's nothing more than mascara, pencil, powder,in short, all that women need for
daily make-up, face decoration. There are a lot of manufacturers of decorative
cosmetics, and in the range of each of them, as a rule, you can find a complete set
of tools to create an attractive image.
Some girls remember how, as a child, mothers andgrandmothers said that the
sooner you start using cosmetics, the sooner you will grow old. In the 80-90s,
perhaps, it was, but today many brands withstand modern production technologies
and use high-quality raw material. Of course, these are not cheap cosmetics of the
type known to all known Ruby Rose, as well as non-eminent brands whose
products are distributed in underground passages at a price of 1.5-2 times cheaper.
Real high-quality cosmetics of popular brandsnot that it is harmless - it is able to
protect against the more negative influence of the environment. So, powder and
foundation can create a protective film on the skin, and mascara will strengthen the
eyelashes. It's all just what manufacturer to choose.
It is also worth noting that there is a decorative cosmetic cosmetics. These are tonal
remedies for problem skin and lipstick for better moisturizing and preventing the
development of allergies.

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What is included in the modern set of makeup?

In the handbag of a modern girl that's just notyou will find, and it's not for nothing
that "evil" jokes go about this. Usually, many women are limited to using powder,
carcass, eyeliner and pencil or a marker for eyebrows. A complete list of makeup
includes much more. On the existence of some, many ladies do not know. So,
decorative cosmetics is:

 mascara;
 eye shadow;
 powder;
 eyeliner;
 Foundation;
 the corrector for the face;
 eyebrow pencil;
 lip gloss;
 felt-tip pen / eyeliner;
 lipstick for lips;
 Eyeliner;
 blush;
 a felt-tip pen for the eyes;
 bronzer;
 makeup base;
 eyebrow shadows;
 hailer;
 mascara for eyebrows;
 gel for fixing eyebrows and eyelashes;
 lip pencil;
 shimmer.

But this is not the whole list, but what is usuallyuse ladies in everyday life. The
rest of the means of decorative cosmetics are most often used in their work by
professional makeup artists who need to make an ideal person (in all
understandings of this phrase) models, public people and ordinary girls on the eve
of an important day.

How to use the funds?

Let's say that if everything is clear with pencils, then the roleShimmer or hailer
may remain a mystery. To understand how all these tools work, it's easiest to get
acquainted with the step-by-step instruction for applying makeup. To do this, you
will need the actual decorative cosmetics (this is all that is in the cosmetic bag) and
at least a few brushes.

1. Cleansing the skin and applying moisturizing day cream.

35

2. Makeup base. This is not a foundation lot, as many dare to assume.
Although they have one goal, the result will be different. This remedy is
necessary for concealing skin defects in the form of acne, pigments and
irregularities, it smooths the tone of the face and visually aligns it. The base
must match the natural color. Apply on massage points of the person, not
reaching the hair growth line.

3. Tonal base - is needed to fix the makeup.
4. Bronzer. It is not necessary to use it, only if you want to emphasize the

shape of a person or even change it at all. Instead, you can take the powder
darker than the natural tone. It is usually applied on cheekbones, nose wings
and forehead.
5. Heiliter. Called to lighten the skin. It is distributed under the eyebrows to
emphasize their shape, on the nose and nasolabial triangle. Excellent hides
the bruises under the eyes.
6. Loose powder. It is necessary to apply it with light movements of the brush,
which "look like".
7. Eyebrows. To fix, you can apply a gel-fixer. The choice of several means for
coloring: shadows, pencil, felt-tip pen and ink. Each of them is worthy of
attention, you need to choose on your own - what you like more. It is only
necessary to note that the felt-tip pen and ink allow to achieve a more
precise shape, and the pencil and shadow look more natural.
8. Eyes. For coloring, take a felt-tip pen and liquid eyeliner for the arrows,
shadows, pencil for the inner zone of the lower eyelid and mascara. You can
also apply a fixing gel on the eyelashes.
9. Lips. It is necessary to slightly erase the natural boundaries of the lips,
applying a foundation. Then with a pencil draw a shape, make up lipstick or
shine, powder and make another layer.
10.The last step is blush. Distribute at the highest point of the cheekbone.

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What brands of decorative cosmetics are the most popular?

This type of product is in great demand formarket, so it's not surprising that
manufacturers have a huge amount. First of all, you need to determine the price -
what cost will be affordable. Qualitative decorative cosmetics is not necessarily the
one for which you have to lay out a few thousand rubles. It's all about the brand:
whether it's advertised or not, and how many years there are on the market.

A remarkable representative of the budgetarydecorative cosmetics is the German
brand Catrice Cosmetics. Surely many people did not even hear about it.
Meanwhile, this brand offers an ideal price-quality ratio. The range has everything
you need: funds for the lips, eyes, face and nails. This decorative cosmetics
reviews have collected positive, so it's not scary to try it. By the way, Catrice
Cosmetics belongs to Cosnova GmbH.

ArtDeco is also popular, but the costit will be slightly higher than the previous
brand. And those who want to purchase professional funds, but can not allocate too
much for them, it is worth paying attention to the South Korean brand VOV. It
offers everything that a modern girl needs, a popular American brand NYX, and
connoisseurs of Belarusian production should pay attention to Relouis. And now a
small survey of the most popular brands.

Seventeen

Operating since 1962,this Greek manufacturer is very popular, and not for nothing.
From the very beginning the assortment of the company was replenished with
exclusively high-quality goods, thanks to which it quickly took a leading position
among similar companies and did not hand them over to the present day.
Decorative cosmetics "Seventhin" reviews are almost only positive, and only a few
products have fallen out of favor with the ladies. For example, the lipstick Rockin
347 has an unpleasant taste and smell, and the Longstay 34 eyeliner spreads
quickly.

Shadows, tonal remedies, podvodka, ink, lipstick,lip glosses, eye and eyebrow
pencils - all this includes Seventhin cosmetics. The powder reviews are also good
and can be used to apply to the neck and décolleté zone. Prices: 250-1150 rubles.

MAC

Professional cosmetics of the highest class,which not only satisfies the purpose of
make-up artists, but also suitable for daily make-up - is easy to use and can be used
regardless of the age of the fair sex. Decorative cosmetics MAC in its assortment
contains absolutely everything that ladies need: eye care (eyeliner and gel, pencil,
shadow, ink), for the lips (shine, lipstick, pencil) and for the face (powder,

37

concealer, blush, tonal cream). In addition, there are all the necessary tools for
applying makeup.

The average price is from 1300 to 5650 rubles. But many girls are sure that quality
can not be cheap. So, decorative cosmetics MAC reviews at one time collected
only good, but everything once comes to an end. Disappointed some girls lipstick
Lipstick and Mascara Opulash Optimum Black.

L'Oréal

Few know that this brand has swallowed whole25 cosmetic brands. This is both a
luxury facility and a mass market, that is, an economy, so that L'Oréal can be
called a real empire. It includes Garnier, Maybelline and Vichy.

Speaking specifically about L'Oréal Paris, it isrelatively inexpensive decorative
cosmetics - an average of 500-800 rubles. But the quality of it is no worse than the
more expensive brands. Practically all the means left warm feelings in the girls'
soul, as they are pleasant and convenient to use. It is also worth noting that in the
manufacturer's range you can find everything you need for applying makeup:
mascara, wax and slate pencils, eyeliner and markers, lipsticks and glitter, blushers
and powders, tonal creams and fluids.

Max Factor

Being one of the oldest cosmeticbrands in the world, Max Factor is 41 years older
than the popular Clinique brand. In Russia, the means for make-up from this
manufacturer appeared in the days of perestroika and very quickly became beloved
and popular.

Few people know that Max Factor - Americana businessman of Jewish origin
comes from the Russian Empire. Here is an interesting note. A young man born in
1877, already at the age of 20, sold cosmetics of his own production in a Moscow
store, and after moving to the US he became a make-up artist, a stylist and a make-
up artist. And it was he who became the father of decorative cosmetics.

Today, this brand is even more popular than intimes of adjustment. The brand is
famous for its perfect price-quality ratio and a huge selection of products. Max
Factor is an inexhaustible palette of colors, convenience in use, topical seasonal
novelties, quick effect and the opportunity not only to make yourself more
beautiful, but also to carry out additional care.

The assortment of cosmetics is also quite large, and the prices please - 150-1550
rubles.

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PUPA

Another decorative cosmetics, reviews about which are good, - PUPA. The Italian
manufacturer offers a variety of different means to their fans.

The prices are different: from 130 to 1330 rubles. It is worth noting that the most
popular baked products are shades and powder. They look more natural and
smooth the skin, making it more attractive.

Lancôme

It is considered a luxury brand, but also the price ofmeans corresponding - an
average of 1000-3000 rubles. The range has everything to create the perfect image:
cosmetics for the eyes, lips and face in a variety of forms. It is also important that
these remedies are not harmful, on the contrary, they are meant to literally protect
natural beauty. But the reviews are rather contradictory. Some believe that the best
means of "Lancome" are those that are produced for skin care, while decorative
cosmetics can not be created from them. Other girls, on the contrary, are
completely delighted with the products for make-up.

Estee Lauder

Deservedly takes his place in the rating "Bestdecorative cosmetics "American
brand, once a very modest one, but today it has become a huge corporation. The
means of this brand will not be affordable for every woman, because their cost
varies on average about 3-5 thousand rubles. But "Estee Lauder" is a high quality
and an opportunity of choice among a huge assortment of the company.

Decorative cosmetics of this brand offersModern beauties use the means for the
eyes, lips, eyebrows and face. These are foundation creams, powders, blush,
carcasses, eye shadows and lipsticks that help create a unique image, preserving
naturalness and individuality. Like the products of other manufacturers, in some
cases, Estee Lauder is the perfect make-up, and some of the money is
disappointing.

Decorative cosmetics for girls in a suitcase - everything for little princesses

A woman from birth seems to understand that she -the most beautiful thing that is
on earth. Little beauties tend to look like their mothers, they want to paint their
nails, sponges, make cheeks even ruddy and use eye shadow. In the Russian
market, decorative cosmetics for babies up to 5 years old and girls 8-12 years old
have appeared for a long time. A short overview of the most popular
manufacturers: what is included in the kit and how harmless are these tools?

39

"A princess"
The magic suitcase of the princess is designed forchildren older than 5 years. It
includes cosmetics made without the addition of chemical dyes and is
hypoallergenic. In a set of pallets with shadows, blush and sparkles for the lips, as
well as lipsticks and nail polish. Recently, ringlets and clips have appeared in the
suitcase. From such a gift, any little fashionista will be delighted.
The mothers of the girls are no less enthusiastic about the set and confirm the
safety of the products. The cost of the suitcase is approximately 1,700 rubles.
"The Desire of the Princess"
This children's high-quality decorative cosmeticsis produced by Markwins
International in the development and recipe of specialists in the field of
cosmetology and health. The cost of the kit is approximately 2600 rubles, but it
includes a rather large amount of cosmetic products: shine for the body and lips,
nail polish, lipsticks, eye shadows and eyeliner, various tools, elastic bands, hair
clips and a mirror. Thus, the little lady will be able to emphasize her youthful
beauty.

Briefly about the main
Make-up is very interesting and fascinatingan occupation, which every girl should
know, in order to create unique day and evening images. Remembering all the
steps is easy, the main thing is to use high-quality decorative cosmetics for the
face, which will not only not spoil the appearance, but will protect the skin from
the negative impact of the environment, which every woman encounters in
everyday life!

40

1.6.Профессия визажиста

Make-up artist's profession

What is a Makeup Artist?

Makeup artists are experts at using make-up compounds to tint, conceal, or
otherwise alter a person’s look for the purpose of beautification. In theater and
movie productions they may even use prosthetics to achieve the desired look. They
work in film and theater but also with individuals at spas and salons, and are
educated in safety, chemistry, and esthetic principles.

All artists have their favorite canvas; for makeup artists, their canvas just happens
to be the face: the inspiration of countless poems, artwork, and songs.

Makeup artists use their talents and their tools to makeover, transform, and
improve a person’s face (and sometimes their body). Their work corrects
imperfections, highlights positive attributes, and remedies issues. Whether they are
highlighting cheekbones for a special event, perfecting the smoky eye for a fashion
shoot, or applying prosthetics for theatrical productions, makeup artists are truly
artists in their own right.

The best makeup artists command lofty fees and possess loyal clients, whether they
are transforming performers to create an accurate visual representation, or
perfecting brides for one of the most important days of their lives.

Their work demands a perfectionist attitude, as this profession requires a steady
hand, an eye for detail, precision in application, and a well-developed appreciation
of color, shading, and blending.

Successful makeup artists have a passion for beautifying the individual, so they are
keenly aware of which colors look best on which person. They are masterful with
their makeup application techniques; they have a deep understanding of skin types,
skin colors, and makeup ingredients; and they appreciate how practices and
techniques must change as to accommodate a specific event, setting, or location.

The tools of makeup artists may differ slightly depending on the industry or setting
in which they work, but a professional makeup brush set and cosmetic palette are
always a must.

41

Settings, Responsibilities, and Opportunities

Makeup artists can be found working in a number of settings within the creative
industries, such as:

 Film
 Television
 Theater/musical theater
 Fashion (photography, fashion shows)

They also often work out of salons and spas (esthetics salons and spas, full-service
salons and spas, and makeup salons).

Makeup artists may work alone, or they may work as part of a team. Makeup
artists new to the industry often work under a senior makeup artist or colleague.
Although their duties/responsibilities may differ from one setting or job to the next,
these beauty professionals must typically:

 Communicate with clients regarding specific requirements and concerns
 Sketch design ideas for makeup
 Communicate with other members of the makeup design team to ensure

continuity is achieved
 Consider lighting, backdrops, colors, and the photographic process for each

assignment
 Maintain an awareness of health, safety, and sanitation issues
 Update and maintain a kit of cosmetics, beauty products, and tools
 Pay close attention to time constraints and achieve superior time

management
 Maintain a current portfolio of work

Makeup artists in the fashion industry generally work on site at fashion shoots or
runway shows. Their work is required both before and during fashion shoots and
runway events, and they are usually supervised by a photographer or fashion
designer.

Makeup artists working in film, theater, television, and commercials may be
required to perform special effects makeup or apply prosthetics. In theater,
television, and film jobs, makeup artists may sign on to work for an extended
period of time, while makeup artists working in the special events industry, like
weddings, for example, are usually hired for the day. In the creative, fashion, and
special events industries, makeup artists often work as freelancers or independent
contractors, while those working in salon and spa settings may work as either
employees (usually on a commission basis) or as independent contractors, where
they rent booth space from the salon owner.

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The Traits, Qualities, and Abilities of Successful Makeup Artists
Makeup artistry cannot be undervalued, as the face is used to make a first
impression; capture and hold attention, and communicate with others. Through the
application of cosmetics and the skilled use of specialized techniques, makeup
artists make the face into a masterpiece of expression.
In addition to being adept at makeup artistry and possessing excellent color
perception and artistic ability, successful makeup artists likely possess a number of
traits/qualities:

 Patience
 Tact
 Excellent communication/interpersonal skills
 Excellent critical thinking skills
 Ability to work under pressure
 Ability to work with tight time constraints
 Ability to assess customer needs
 Ability to evaluate customer satisfaction
 Good listener
 Excellent judgment and decision making skills
Many makeup artists, particularly those working as independent contractors or
those operating their own makeup artistry businesses, must have an excellent
knowledge of business and management principles in areas such as:
 Resource allocation
 Strategic planning
 Leadership skills
 People and resource coordination

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1.7.Salon, салон красоты, парикмахерская

(saloon, beauty shop, barber)

Important things you need to know and do before opening a salon of any kind.

Let’s face it, opening any business, whether it’s a start-up or a big venture, is a big
deal. And if you want to get it right from the first try, it’s best to plan and prepare.

There is much to consider before opening a hair salon or any other kind of beauty
salon. And it can all get far too confusing, especially if it is your first go at any
kind of business. How to open a salon? Where do you even start? How much does
it cost to start a salon? How do you prioritize? It can be hard to figure out your
course of actions, so we have prepared a shortlist of things to keep in mind when
opening a salon.

1. Do a market analysis

When you are just figuring out how to open a beauty salon, this is a very good
place to start. Before you do anything else, determine your target audience, study
it, and analyze the competition. The results you get from your analysis will define
what kind of services are in demand and which ones are lacking. It will also help
you define your concept and distinguish what services your salon can provide. It
might also help you grab the clients attention from the get-go and offer something
none of the salons in your area can offer.

Hair salons open every other day, but what if there are no express services nearby?
What if all of the salons in your town don’t allow to bring your children along?
That’s a real bummer for a new mother who wants to feel and look good, but
there’s no one to babysit. Be the first salon to offer a playground area in your
salon.

How can you do that? There are different analysis tools, some of which are even
free. You don’t always have to spend an undefined sum of money when you’re just
at the beginning stages of opening hair salon services. You can use your
observation skills when you visit different salons as a client and see how
employees behave and how other clients respond to the customer service. But one
of the best tools for research and analysis, which is also free, is the web. For
example, you can search salons on Yelp, see what services they offer, visit their
pages, and analyze client testimonials.

2. Define your concept

What do I need to start a hair salon aside from the market research? When you
have learned who your potential clients are, what they want, and what is offered by

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salons in your area, you can then define your salon’s concept. And if you have an
image in mind, that’s even better. Now you can tailor it based on the marketing
analysis.

Your clients want to look good? Sure. They also want a positive mental experience
with each visit. Think of all the times you felt like a new person after a haircut, or
like you had a meet up with your friend after getting your nails done. That’s how
your clients want to feel after every appointment. And that’s what you would strive
to offer them.

The concept of your salon is more than just the interior design and the services you
offer. There’s room for creativity even if you are starting a hairdressing business
that’s the third one in your area. More than that, you should get creative when
opening a similar business.

Think the concept through down to the details, like the color of the uniform your
employees will be wearing, if any, and how they are going to greet clients. That’s
why research and analysis of your target audience and competition comes first. So
you can find ways to get creative. Find a trend and make into fashion.

Your concept will also depend, to some extent, on the type of a salon you want to
open. You should know for sure which type you are going for before starting a
salon business. Salons can be classified by relative size into:

 Beauty parlor – a smaller practice with basic services, limited staff, and
minimal requirements space wise;

 Beauty salon – a middle-sized practice with more variety of services and
different categories of professionals, which influence the prices. There might
be additional services, like selling organic drinks or skincare products;

 SPA & wellness center – a larger enterprise that offers a whole spectrum of
services, from simple nail esthetics to plastic surgery. Staff varies from
beauty experts to medical professionals;

 Chain – it’s a network of salons or parlors under the same owner or
franchise.

Salons can be also grouped by their price category:

 Economy – offer only the basic services and use products from the lower-
priced segment. They also save money by renting cheaper spaces;

 Business – offers middle range prices but also higher quality, has more
professional staff that can also offer advice, consultations, and help make a
decision;

 Premium – this type of business locates in a separate building, employs
professionals with higher grade certificates and diplomas, uses higher-end
products and technologies;

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 Luxury – intended for VIP clients with higher standards and quality than in
any other type. They also aren’t dependent on location and usually have own
parking space.

3. Make a business plan and prepare other papers

One of the first steps to open a hair salon successfully is creating a business plan.
Here are some tips you might want to consider:

 Learn your audience and competition (we have already touched on that in
the previous paragraphs).

 Be realistic in your financial estimates. Dreaming big is great for motivation,
but it can let you down in a business plan.

 Give facts on why you think your salon will be successful. You have to
believe in it. Read some articles on how to be a successful salon owner for
motivation.

 Don’t make empty claims.
 Don’t use strong adjectives or superlatives. A business plan should sound

formal.
 Be realistic with the timeframes for your plans.

Also, don’t forget about the documents you need to prepare before starting your
own salon business. You will need a federal employer identification number, a
business license, as well as a resale permit if you are going to sell products. All
professionals you hire also require licensing, so make sure they have it. For
example, a hairstylist requires a cosmetology license. It gives them the right to cut
and color hair, give facials and manicures.

4. Choose the right location and space for your salon

What do you need to open a beauty salon when conceptual aspects are taken care
of? It’s, of course, the right location. Any kind of property is expensive to buy, so
most beauty salon owners rent their spaces. Some even rent a section of a bigger
salon. It all depends on your financial abilities, concept, and future plans. Keep in
mind that:

 Location plays into attracting clients: if it’s easy to get to, the sign and front
door is easy to distinguish from other shops, potential clients are bound to
notice it.

 Consider the amount of equipment and other inventory you will have: for
example, six chairs will require about 1,000 square feet.

 Is there a parking space nearby? Is it wheelchair accessible? That’s
something any client will appreciate, even if they don’t need it, and that will
positively influence your image.

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 If you are going to scale your business, consider how much space you are
going to need in the future: can you fit more chairs? Are there additional
rooms that can be used for services? Are you going to move as soon as your
business steps over a pre-defined threshold of growth?

What do you need to open a beauty salon aside from a good location? Think about
the interior. In terms of the plan and design of your salon, it should be
comfortable for the clients as much as for your employees. Suitable lighting,
comfortable sitting spaces, muted colors of the interior, everything matters.
Another thing to consider, even for the smallest salons, is a waiting area. There
should be at least a couple of chairs so that clients who have come earlier don’t
have to stand. A water cooler, snacks, beauty-themed magazines are also a nice
touch.

One of the tips on opening a hair salon is to have the floor plan at hand on a sheet
of paper, preferably several copies. Then you can play with different chair
placement and figure out the most efficient use of space. There are some things to
keep in mind:

 Allow sufficient space between the chairs, about 3-4 feet distance between
workstations, so stylists have sufficient space to work;

 There should be a separate room for cosmetology or massage services, so if
you rent an open space, you will have to add partitions;

 If you can’t afford much space, island workstations can help you fit more
clients;

 Color coordination is also important and could depend on your concept, for
example, a Hair&Nails salon can look good in bright, pop-art inspired,
colors, but a SPA would benefit more from muted, relaxing colors.

Another important feature of a beauty salon is the reception desk. Not all guides on
how to open a hair salon will mention it, but you really do need one to make your
salon look presentable and organize administrators work. It doesn’t have to be a
fancy, high-tech one, as long as it fits the rest of the interior. Remember, though,
no matter how cheap or expensive it is, it should have enough drawers and
compartments to fit the clutter. Clients should not see any mess.

And finally, although the list could go on, here are a few tips about the technical
aspects of your salon’s space:

 Make sure the walls are solid concrete or brick if you are going to use wall-
mounted processors and dryers;

 Think of the ways you can use the most of the daylight, while still offering
your clients privacy;

 Use floor surfaces that are the least slippery when wet. Additionally, use
noise canceling materials, if needed;

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 Make sure your electric appliances and fittings conform to basic legislation.

Salon logo and sign. Another tip on how to open a salon is to get a logo and sign
made for your salon. While the sign helps attract people from the street and shows
your first-time clients where go, the logo helps shape salon’s identity. Together
they influence the first impression of your salon.

The logo is the face of your salon, so we suggest you order the logo design from a
professional designer or studio. They will offer several options, so you can pick the
one you like the most. On the other hand, if you have design skills and want to
create the logo on your own, remember that it should fit within the salon’s interior
design and overall concept.

5. Buy the necessary furniture, equipment, and products

There are several options here: either buy new furniture and equipment, find
second-hand options or rent. Professional equipment costs a lot and can
significantly spike up the average cost to open a salon. For example, new
equipment for a full hair salon might cost you around $27,000. It’s also important
to save money where you can, but remember that everything has an expiration
date. Equipment that might break down at any moment will cost you more than the
new one. Here’s a concise list of things you need:

 Furniture: chairs or a sofa for the waiting area, reception desk, hair and nail
workstations, a massage table;

 Equipment: hair and nail tools, like dries, curlers, nail drills. You should
also rent a coffee machine and buy an electric kettle, so your staff and
clients can have something hot to drink;

 Backbar products: anything that your professionals might need depends on
the services your salon provides. It’s more important here to find trustworthy
suppliers that will deliver products on time;

 Other materials: don’t forget to order tea, coffee, and water, so you can
offer your clients, and employees, something to drink. Also, you need
cleaning supplies, to keep your salon space tidy.

6. Hire the right people

Another important thing on the list of “How to start a salon” steps is hiring
employees. First things first, as an owner, while you are running a salon business,
you are an employee as well, especially if you are a licensed practitioner and will
be providing some of the services to clients. Other than that you will also need to
hire:

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 Salon manager – in a medium-sized or bigger salon, a manager will handle
recordkeeping, paperwork, scheduling, and a myriad of other
responsibilities.

 Hairstylists – a stylist in the US requires a cosmetology license, so make
sure they have it.

 Salon assistants – they are cosmetology interns, so to speak, helping the
stylists by shampooing a client’s hair while the stylist works on another
client, sweeping the floor, folding towels, and doing other smaller tasks
around the salon.

 Receptionist – in addition to greeting clients and answering the phone, they
book appointments, receive payments for products and services, and provide
general help to the clients.

 Manicurists – they do manicures, pedicures, nail extensions, and other nail
services.

 Aestheticians – they provide services that involve body care and hold a
special license that allows them the practice. They can also provide makeup
services.

 Massage therapists – they require a higher level licensing than an
aesthetician.

 Electrologists – they provide hair removal services and require a separate
license in most US states.

7. Take care of the technical side of things

What do you need to open a hair salon when all the common essentials have been
taken care of? Another important thing is technology, but this also raises some
questions: Does your salon need any kind of software technology and how to start
a salon business without it?

Realistically, you can do without it, at least for a while. But the world revolves
around technology these days. Computers, software, and the Internet make our
lives easier, and it can certainly improve any business outcomes. You can automate
practically any business process, improve advertising, and customer care.

What kind of technology do I need when starting my own hair salon? A beauty
salon doesn’t need a lot of technology, just:

 a website;
 social media pages;
 salon management software.

A big part of advertising is now done online through websites and social media.
We can argue whether it is crucial to set up a Facebook page or a website when
just opening a salon, but it will definitely help you advertise your services and
attract attention of the online community.

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The next tip on how to open a hair salon is to get a website. Some people search
for the services they need only through the web, and missing out on this audience
would be a mistake, since the number these people is growing exponentially.

Any salon website should include certain must-have essentials, such as a page
about your salon which defines your concept to the clients, contact details, a map
of your location, and a list of services with their prices. You can also add a gallery
that you will gradually fill in with Before and After pictures of your clients. If you
already have social media pages, it is good to add the links alongside your
contacts.

As for social media accounts, you can start with Facebook. Among the many tips
and suggestions on how start a hair salon, you will find that a Facebook page is
quite important. It has so many possibilities for promoting your salon. The
platform itself has features for business, but what’s great about Facebook is that
people can share your content, thus, spreading the word about your services.

You can also put up ads on Facebook, so people who are interested in beauty
service can see them and click on your salon page. Facebook is also a
communication device, that allows you to chat with your clients, engage in
conversations under posts, and receive reviews.

Another kind of technology your salon can benefit from is salon management
software. It’s one of the top tips on how to set up a beauty salon. Salon software is
a system that can give hundreds of ways to advance your business right from the
start, if you choose the right one for your needs, and here are a few of them:

 Automate all salon processes to save time and improve performance;
 Create good client management from the start;
 Keep a database of client records and set up client segmentation;
 Learn your clients to improve marketing campaigns;
 Invest in advertising campaigns and channels that actually work;
 Analyze salon and employee performance;
 Reach your financial goals much quicker.

8. Consider using the Beauty Pro salon management system

Now that you’ve figured out how to set up a salon, you should set up a salon
management system. Beauty Pro is an easy to use software system that offers an
extensive set of features to help you automate salon processes and improve
performance. Owning your own hair salon takes up a lot of your time, so we’ve
made a program that will make your life easier. Beauty Pro gives you:

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