Functional OBET Book 8

3Lesson Institutions that Provide Middle and
Higher Level Technical Education

WHAT & WHY What ? Why ?

You’ll learn to By having knowledge of technical
institutions, you can choose a suitable
 mention different institutions that institution to study in.
provide technical education in Nepal.

 explain the programs offered by some
technical schools.

ThinTkihnrgough Experience

Although technical schools have grown in numbers, employment

opportunities have not been created in the same ratio. What can be

the reason behind this?

You must have seen different institutions that give technical
training. List few such institutions and mention the trainings
that they provide.

Technical education is the preparation of students for jobs, which
use science and modern technology, through academic and vocational
studies. Technical education plays a very important role in producing
skilled and semi-skilled manpower. In Nepal, many efforts have been
made to provide technical education. Several universities have provision
of technical education in their academic programs. This is also taught
through other institutions, councils and associations.

B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS)

BPKIHS was established in 1993 A.D. (2050 B.S.) with an aim of
developing socially responsible health workforce, providing health care
and involving in innovative health research. Government of India had
provided financial and technical support for its establishment. The
institute has four colleges: medical, dental, nursing and public health
through which it offers undergraduate, postgraduate and university

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certificate programs. MBBS1, BDS2, MS3, M.Sc. and MDS4 are some
degrees run by BPKIHS.

Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital

Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital was established in 1972 A.D. with
the responsibility of training all categories of health workers in the country.
It is located at Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. Its main objectives are to develop
undergraduate and postgraducate level of human resources for health
sector and to undertake scientific research in the field of health sciences.

National Academy of Medical Sciences

National Academy of Medical Sciences is a government agency that has
been running its activities at Bir Hospital, the oldest hospital located
at Kathmandu since 2003. It provides university level education in
medical sciences. Its main objective is to produce skilled medical
personnels and nurses.

Patan Academy of Health Sciences

Patan Academy of Health Sciences has been running its academic
activities through Patan Hospital located at Lagankhel, Lalitpur since
2003. The hospital was established in 1997. The main objective of this
academy is to train technically competent, caring and socially responsible
physicians and other health care professionals. It has been running
MBBS program since 2009.

NOW YOUR TIME

Make any five “Fill in the blanks” questions from the above lesson.

Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science

The Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science was established in 1957
A.D. (2014 B.S.) with the primary purpose of training Junior Technical
Assistants (JTAs) in agriculture. Later it was upgraded to College of
Agriculture to run Intermediate of Agricultural Science (I.Sc.Ag.). At
present the institute has its central campus at Rampur, Chitwan and

1 MBBS: Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery 2 BDS: Bachelor of Dental Surgery

3 MS: Master of Surgery 4 MDS: Master of Dental Surgery

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two branch campuses in Lamjung and Rupandehi. It offers Bachelor of
Science in Agriculture (B.Sc.Ag.), Bachelor of Veterinary Science and
Animal Husbandry (B.V.Sc. and A.H.), M.Sc. Agriculture, M.Sc. Animal
Science, M.V.Sc. programs at Rampur. It has also started research and
extension programs. The main objective of this institute is to produce
experts in the field of agriculture and animal science.

Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training
(CTEVT)

The council for Technical Education and Vocational Training was
established in 1989 A.D. (2045 B.S.) with the main objective of producing
technical and skillful human resources required to the nation. Its central
office is located at Bhaktapur. It mainly involves in policy formulation,
quality control, preparation of curriculum, testing of skills and researches.

CTEVT offers Proficiency/Diploma level, Technical School Leaving
Certificate (TSLC), and short-term vocational skill and training through
its 27 constituted technical schools and training centres, 346 affiliated
technical colleges and institutes and 45 annex1 schools.

Pulchowk Engineering College

Pulchowk Engineering College is the central college of Institute of
Engineering. It is located at Pulchowk, Lalitpur. The college offers
Bachelor and Master level courses and Doctoral programmes. The college
has highly equipped laboratories. It has separate departments for Civil
engineering, Mechanical engineering, Electrical engineering, Architecture,
Electronics and Computer engineering. The main objective of the college is
to produce skilled and competent engineers.

Thapathali Engineering Campus

Thapathali campus is the first institute in Nepal providing Engineering
degrees and technology trainings since 1930 A.D. It is located at
Thapathali, Kathmandu. It also aims to produce skilled engineers. It
offers wide range of subjects for Diploma like Electronics, Mechanical
Engineering, Architechture, Civil Engineering and Automobile
Engineering. Similarly, there are Bachelor level courses in Industrial
engineering and Electronics engineering.

1 Annex: to add to something larger or more important

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NOW YOUR TIME Connecting
INTERNET
Visit www.ctevt.org.np. Find out about CTEVT affliated
schools in your area.

WORK FURTHER

Answer the following questions: Level of Cognition

1. What is technical education? K nowledge
2. What are the major programmes of TU Teaching

Hospital?

3. Why are the institutions that provide technical C omprehension
education important in the context of Nepal?

Connecting PROJECT

4. Fill up the details about institutions that provide
technical education in Nepal in the following table:

S.N. Name of Date of Main Courses Remarks

institution establishment objective offered A pplication

5. Why are technical schools established? A nalysis
E valuation
6. Compare technical education with general
education. S ynthesis

7. There are many technical schools established in
Nepal but most of the students after completing
their studies choose to go abroad for jobs. Suggest
an alternative so that technical manpower will
stay in their own country.

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GLANCING
THIS UNIT

A. Theoretical Revision 20

1. Fill in the blanks. 3

a. International Employment is the job done in organizations of ________ level.

b. Faculty of Management’s main objective is to prepare students for ________.

c. ____________ education helps to produce skilled and semi-skilled manpower.

2. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements: 2

a. Faculty of Humanities aims to teach about human beings.

b. International Employment causes brain drain.

c. Technical manpower is produced in the country so that they can work abroad.

d. One should keep distance from lower level staff to be a good Manager.

3. Answer the following questions (any three): 5 x 3 = 15

a. What is brain drain? Why should our country try to stop brain drain? Explain.

b. Mention any five important points of universities?

c. “Technical Institutions are important for Nepal.” Justify the statement in

your own words.

d. Who is a BVSc.? Why is it an important profession in Nepal? Give any four

reasons.

B. Practical Revision 20

1. Do the following activities: 5 x 3 = 15

a. Talk to any three university students about their qualifications and aims.

Make a report on “Aims and Qualifications of Youths” on the basis of your

observation.

b. Submit the projects given in the lessons of this unit to your teacher and get

them signed by him/her. Keep a record of your submissions.

c. What do you want to study in future? Decide on the basis of faculties and

studies you have studied in this unit. Make a sample plan Connecting
INTERNET
as how you will fulfil your aim on the basis of the following

guidelines:

• Introduction • Duration

• Academic degree you want to pursue • Trainings Looking throughout www.symphonypub.com for cumulative revision.

• Estimated cost • Working field

2. Viva-voce 5

a. Give any two reasons for Nepali youths migrating to foreign Visit

countries in search of jobs.

b. Who is a JTA?

c. What is the qualification required to be a doctor?

d. What do you think will happen if our country does not give tech-

nical training or vocation education to the people?

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UNIT SELECTION OF PROFESSION
3 AND PLANNING PROCESS

1Lesson Selection of Professional Field and
Process of Making Plans

WHAT & WHY What ? Why ?

You’ll learn to By making plans, you can save time and
money to accomplish any task.
 mention the importance of proper
selection of professional field.

 make a plan to select suitable profession.

ThinTkihnrgough Experience

Continuing the same career helps us to be more experienced and

skilful but people often change their profession from time to time.

What can be the reason behind this?

What is your plan to become in future? Discuss in the classroom
to make a list of professional fields and then prioritize them on
the basis of your interest.

Selection of Professional Field

Every individual is different from another. The differences arise in the area
of interests, way of thinking and analysing, strengths and weaknesses, etc.
Different professions also demand different qualities of the workers. This
is why there occurs diversity in professions among people.

Selection of professional field is usually influenced by family, society and
media. In Nepal most people live with their traditional professions. This
happens because they are more aware and practically knowledgeable
about these professions. Many parents also want their children to carry
on their traditional profession. However, no matter what the situation
is, one should choose profession on the basis of his/her interest and
ability.

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Some important things that should be taken into consideration while
selecting a profession are:

Ü One should have deep interest in the profession he/she is going to choose.
Ü It should be accessible and approachable in terms of skills,

knowledge and financial conditions.
Ü It should be the best suited out of several options.
Ü It should not be against one’s values and personal freedom.
Ü Choice must be made by the chooser and not enforced by others.
Ü The profession should require qualities that are his/her strengths.
Ü The profession should have a long-term scope.
Ü The profession should give some spaces for learning.

Look at the pictures below to know about different professional
fields.

Professional Fields

Agriculture, Food & Arts, A/V Architecture & Business Education &
Natural Resources Technology & Construction Management & Training
Communications Administration

Health Science

Government & Public
Administration

Finance Hospitality & Tourism

Human Services Information Technology Law, Public Safety,
Corrections & Security

Transportation,
Distribution & Logistics

Manufacturing Marketing Science, Technology,
Engineering & Mathematics

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NOW YOUR TIME

Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1. In Nepal most people continue their ____________ profession.
2. One should have deep ____________ on the profession he/she is

going to choose.
3. Profession should give space for ____________.

Process of Making Plans

A plan is an intended future course of action made for achieving certain
goals. The process of making plans or preparing a sequence of actions is
called planning. It is necessary in all fields to meet goals in a specified
time period. Selecting a profession also requires planning. One should
study and research on the profession which is being chosen. Findings
about the nature of jobs, qualifications, skills, and demand in society
play very important roles while selecting a profession. Each profession
is likely to have both positive and negative aspects. One should choose
the profession which has more positive aspects than the negatives ones.

Some steps of making plan for selecting profession are given below:

Ü First of all, a list of possible professions should be prepared.
Ü Nature of jobs to be done under these professions should be studied

and discussed.
Ü Challenges and opportunities should be identified and listed.
Ü Required knowledge, skills and abilities should be studied and

discussed.
Ü Selection of profession should be made on the basis of available or

approachable knowledge, skills and area of interest.
Ü Once the plan is made, it should be implemented right from the

beginning.

NOW YOUR TIME

Make any five “Match the following” questions from the
lesson above and share it in class.

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WORK FURTHER

Answer the following questions: Level of Cognition

1. What is planning? K nowledge
2. What are the factors that affect selection of a

profession?

3. How is a plan made? Why is planning necessary?

4. What are the problems that can arise when the C omprehension
selected profession does not match with one’s

interest and ability?

Connecting PROJECT

5. Make a list of any 10 professions that you and your A pplication
friends are going to choose in future. Mention the
reasons why you are going to choose this profession.

6. Why do most people in Nepal continue their A nalysis
traditional profession?

7. 1. “One should have deep interest in the profession E valuation
he/she is going to choose.” Justify the statement.

8. Prepare a detail work plan to achieve a very high S ynthesis
score in District Level Examination and show it to
your teacher.

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GLANCING
THIS UNIT

A. Theoretical Revision 20

1. Fill in the blanks. 3

a. One should have a deep _________ on the profession he/she is going to choose.

b. A profession should give space for ___________.

c. In Nepal most people continue their ___________ profession.

2. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements: 2

a. A profession should not be approachable in terms of skills, knowledge and

financial conditions.

b. A profession should not be against one’s values and personal freedom.

c. A profession should give some space for learning.

d. A profession should not have a long term scope.

3. Answer the following questions (any three): 5 x 3 = 15

a. What are the factors that affect the selection of a profession? Explain.

b. How is a plan made? Why is planning necessary?

c. Why do most people in Nepal continue their traditional profession? Describe.

d. “One should not choose a profession against personal freedom or choice.”

Justify this statement.

B. Practical Revision 20

1. Do the following activities: 5 x 3 = 15

a. Talk to any three professionals about their profession. Make a report

on “Positive and Negative Aspects of a profession” on the basis of your

observations.

b. Submit the projects given in the lessons of this unit to your teacher and get

them signed by him/her. Keep a record of your submissions.

c. What do you want to do in future? Decide on the basis of faculties and studies

you have studied in this unit. Make a sample plan as to how you Connecting
INTERNET
will fulfil your aim on the basis of the following guidelines:

• Introduction • Duration

• Academic degree required for your future job • Trainings

• Estimated cost • Working field Looking throughout www.symphonypub.com for cumulative revision.

2. Viva-voce 5

a. Give any two reasons for people becoming unhappy in their

profession. Visit

b. What is planning?

c. What is your area of interest?

d. What do you think will happen if a person has to select a

profession because of the pressure from his/her parents?

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UNIT INFORMATION RELATED
4 TO EMPLOYMENT

1Lesson Sources of Obtaining Information
Related to Foreign Employment

WHAT & WHY What ? Why ?

You’ll learn to By getting information about foreign
employment, you can make informed choice
 define labour and foreign employment. about jobs in foreign countries and will not
 explain the role of various agencies in be taken advantage of by consultants.

foreign employment.
 get information about foreign

employment from various sources.

ThinTkihnrgough Experience

You must have seen in the news, Nepali workers that go to foreign
countries are being taken advantage of by the consultants.
Sometimes these workers get stuck in foreign countries and have
to do inhumane tasks to earn their living, some are even enslaved.
What do you think workers must do to protect themselves from this?

List some sectors from which you can get information and news
about employment. Put them under the following headings:

S.N. Government agency Private sector Media

Department of Foreign Employment

Department of foreign employment was established in 2065 B.S. under
the Ministry of Labour and Employment. It is located at Tinkune,
Kathmandu. It is currently carrying out its activities from Tahachal,
Kathmandu. The department provides information about country-wise
expenditure, banned foreign companies, license renewal, labour
permission, recognized countries, labour insurance and health check-

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ups. It also keeps record of citizens going for foreign employment and
put stickers on their passports.

Ministry of Labour and Employment

The Ministry of Labour and Employment plays a very important role
in formulating plans and policies regarding foreign employment. The
ministry is also working towards making foreign employment respectful,
secured and well-managed through modernization and improvisation of
foreign employment administration.

This ministry provides information and notices on foreign employment
and foreign employers. We can know about the number of employees
demanded and the type of trainings and skills required from the ministry.

Manpower Agencies

Manpoweragencies are the institutions which are licenced with Department
of Foreign Employment under the Ministry of Labour and Transport
Management. They supply manpower requirements to various
employers in foreign countries. They supply information about vacancies
in foreign companies, medical check-up, total cost, skills required, food and
accommodation facilities, leaves, etc. They usually convey these pieces of
information through newspapers, radio, TV and notice board. They also
run orientation classes to let the employees know about the existing rules
and regulations of the foreign country, climatic conditions, clothing, etc.

Websites of Foreign Companies

Websites are essential resources for both the recruiters and job seekers.
Most of the foreign companies announce vacancies through their websites.
Job seekers can get all the information required for foreign jobs from
these sites. They can research on the job prospects of their choice and
can even meet the professionals of the concerned field using internet.
However, we should be careful enough to explore the authentic sites as
there are many sites which can deceive us in one way or the other.

Training Institutes

All kinds of job demand specific knowledge and skills. Only academic
degrees may not meet these requirements. For this, training institutes

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are established to provide short term trainings to the foreign job seekers.
Along with the training course, they also provide information about
foreign employment to guide them to the right direction. We can know
about documents required, visa process, nature of job, duties and
responsibilities, etc. from these institutes.

Consultancies

Some consultancies are established in order to give pieces of advice about
foreign employment, its opportunities and challenges. They inform you
about the current situation of the country, visa process, documents required.
They frequently hold seminars to convey these pieces of information. They
work for safety and security of the foreign job-seekers.

NOW YOUR TIME Connecting
INTERNET

Visit websites of any 5 multinational companies to find
vacancies. List the requirements and benefits of the jobs in them.

WORK FURTHER

Answer the following questions: Level of Cognition

1. What is foreign employment? K nowledge
2. When was the Department of Foreign Employment

established in Nepal?

3. Explain the methods of obtaining information from C omprehension
websites about foreign employment. A pplication
Connecting PROJECT

4. Getinformationfromwebsitesaboutforeignemployment.

5. Investigate in the newspapers about Nepali workers A nalysis
taken advantages of in foreign countries and find
out the causes for it.

6. Criticize the role of government in foreign employment. E valuation

7. Visit a consultation agency about foreign employment S ynthesis
and get information about the same from it.

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2Lesson Methods of Obtaining Information
Related to Foreign Employment

What ? Why ?

You’ll learn to

WHAT & WHY  define notice board. By learning about methods of obtaining
 explain the methods of obtaining information related to foreign employment,

information related to foreign employment. you can know about techniques of obtaining
 get information about foreign employment. information from various sources regarding

foreign employment.

ThinTkihnrgough Experience

Many Nepali workers are confused about various skills and documents

required for foreign employment, so the recruitment agencies take

benefit from them. How do you think we can reduce this problem?

How do you get useful notices required for day to day life? Make
a list.

Having discussed the organizations that provide information about
foreign employment in Lesson One, this lesson deals with the ways to get
those pieces of information. Almost all organizations mentioned above
have their own websites and notice boards to relay the information. They
also broadcast messages through radio and TV. Some of them publish
information in newspapers. Searching these media is the best method to
gather information.

Notice Boards

A notice board, also called bulletin board, is the
surface usually on the wall intended to convey
public messages. The companies working in
foreign employment put all the necessary
information on their notice boards. When the demand for workers is
sent by the foreign company, they convey information regarding name
of the company, number of vacancies, required skills and qualification,

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age limit, salary, food and accommodation facilities, etc. Checking these
notice boards frequently is one of the best methods to collect informa-
tion related to foreign employment. This method is very useful for those
who reside in cities where manpower agencies are established.

Newspapers

Most of the manpower companies and government
agencies also publish advertisements in newspapers.
These advertisements can be obtained from local,
national and international papers and magazines. They contain all
the information related to foreign jobs like number of vacancies, post,
salary, name of the foreign company, etc. They also publish information
about the situation of Nepalese workers in foreign countries, their
challenges and ways to overcome them.

Digital Media

Media like FM, radio, TV, etc. are the digital
media to broadcast information. They also give
all the information like newspapers. In places
which are inaccessible for sending newspapers,
these media play a very important role to provide information about
foreign employment. These media at times interview with the person in
authority, share real life experience of foreign workers and inform them
of the pros and cons before going abroad for jobs.

Websites

Both the foreign company and the manpower agency
usually post foreign job opportunities in their websites.
These websites contain detail information about the
foreign company and its requirements. This method is
very easy, convenient and time-saving for those who live in places with
internet facilities and are skilled in using internet.

Agents of Manpower Companies

Manpower companies have their representatives or agents in different
places away from their central offices. These agents work as a mediator

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between the company and the person looking for foreign employment.
They also provide information regarding foreign employment. However,
there are cases where people are deceived by these agents. So, one should
always verify the information with other sources in case of doubts.

Personal Contact
Information about foreign employment can also be obtained through
personal contact with those who have already gone abroad for job or
come back to Nepal on leave. They can share the real picture of the
situation of foreign employment in the concerned country or company.

NOW YOUR TIME

Make any five “Fill in the blank” questions from the lesson.

WORK FURTHER

Answer the following questions. Level of Cognition

1. How can you obtain information about foreign K nowledge
employment through personal contact?

2. List the methods of obtaining information about C omprehension
foreign employment.

Connecting PROJECT

3. Collect information about foreign employment A pplication
through two different methods.

4. Survey a group of people who are trying for foreign A nalysis
employment. Show the way of information they
obtained in a pie chart.

5. Assess the effectiveness of information on notice E valuation
board as a method of obtaining information about
foreign employment.

6. If you had to go aborad for foreign employment, S ynthesis
what would you do? Write.

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3Lesson Basic Information
Related to Foreign Employment

WHAT & WHY What ? Why ?

You’ll learn to By learning information related to foreign
employment, you will know about the
 identify the role of foreign employment reasons for Nepali youths going abroad.
in the national economy of Nepal.

 analyse reasons for increase in youths
going for foreign employment.

ThinTkihnrgough Experience

In recent years the number of youths going for foreign employment is
increasing. Increased migration of workers has resulted in the brain
drain of human resources in the country. What do you think are the
reasons for Nepali workers going abroad?

You must have seen people in your family or neighbourhood
going abroad. Make a list of countries that they have gone to.

Foreign employment makes a significant contribution in Nepalese
economy. At the time when country’s major economic conditions are
not favourable, remittances1 have always played a vital role to keep the
economy stable. But, inadequate information on foreign employment,
lack of skilful training, lack of job security, safe working environment
and rights of the migrant workers have obstructed foreign employment.

1 Remittance: sending of money, cheques, etc. to a person at distance

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Because of the growth of labour force and lack of job opportunities
in non-agricultural sector, the number of foreign job aspirants is
continuously increasing. This situation is favourable for the foreign
countries as well. To sustain the pace of industrialization, the demand
for labour in industrialized Asian and Middle-East countries is also
growing. This is why, they demand manpower from countries like Nepal.

Although there is pretty good prospect of foreign employment in
Nepal, many migrant workers face problems due to the lack of basic
information related to foreign employment. Here are some important
points that should be taken into consideration before going for foreign
employment.

Ü The person going for foreign employment must receive Labour
Approval from the Department of Foreign Employment.

Ü He/She should not apply for the country restricted by the government.
Ü He/She must be aware of the total cost required, salary and other

benefits.
Ü He/She must receive an orientation class to understand the

culture, religion, climate, laws, traffic rules, political and economic
condition of the foreign country.
Ü The copies of Contract Paper with the employer and other
documents must be taken along and given to the family members.
Ü A written invoice of the payment made must be taken.
Ü He/She must not submit false documents or follow the illegal
channels to go for foreign employment.
Ü He/She must be aware about the international provisions to
protect the rights of the foreign workers.
Ü There should be understanding among family members about the
details of the job.
Ü He/She must be physically and mentally prepared and ready for
foreign job.

NOW YOUR TIME Connecting
INTERNET

Visit www.youtube.com. Type “foreign employment nepal”
in search box and view a clip about the effect of foreign employment
in Nepal. Make a list of problems shown.

FUNCTIONAL 67

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WORK FURTHER

Answer the following questions. Level of Cognition

1. What factors should be taken into consideration K nowledge
before going abroad? Make a list.

2. Explain the status of foreign employment in C omprehension
Nepal.

Connecting PROJECT

3. Make a list of things that are necessary before A pplication
applying for foreign employment.

4. Examine the problems faced by people in rural A nalysis
areas due to the increased migration of youths for
foreign employment.

5. “Nepali workers are going abroad at an alarming E valuation

rate.” Give suggestions to solve this problem.

6. Plan for going for foreign employment and write a S ynthesis
brief report on your plan.

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4Lesson Foreign Employment
Promotion Board

WHAT & WHY What ? Why ?

You’ll learn to By studying the role of Foreign Employment
Promotion Board, you will be able to know
 describe the role of Foreign Employment the role of the government in trying to
Promotion Board. regulate and control problems related to
foreign employment.
 identify duties of Foreign Employment
Promotion Board.

 suggest Foreign Employment Promotion
board to reduce the problems faced by
youths trying for foreign employment.

ThinTkihnrgough Experience

Most Nepali workers going abroad lack skills needed to get good
jobs in foreign countries and are forced to do dirty, dangerous and
difficult work. What do you think the Foreign Employment Promotion
Board should do to combat this problem?

Do you know any organization that works to promote employment
in foreign countries? Make a list of such organizations.

Foreign employment contributes
to more than 23% to the GDP1 of
Nepal. It has played an important
role in poverty alleviation and
increasing living standard of
the people. So it is necessary to
make foreign employment safe,
well-managed and respectable.
Rights of the workers as well as
entrepreneurs should be protected.
For this, Foreign Employment

1 GDP: Gross Domestic Product, the value of all products and services produced in the
country

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Promotion Board has been established by the Government of Nepal.
The Secretariat1 of the Board, led by Executive Director performs the
day-to-day function of the board.

Foreign Employment Promotion Board provides financial support to
the families of dead, sick and injured foreign workers. It also rescues
the workers in problems and runs awareness programs. The Board has
a welfare fund to run these activities. The fund is generated by the
contribution of the foreign workers.

Board Formation

The board is formed by 25 members under the chairmanship of the
Minister of Labour and Employment. The board consists of the
representatives from Foreign Employment Entrepreneurs, Trade
Union2, Foreign Employment Experts, high level government officials
and institutions working in foreign employment services.

Duties of Foreign Employment Promotion Board

Ü To research on new international labour market,
Ü To collect, process and publish information to promote foreign

employment,
Ü To work to protect the right of migrant workers,
Ü To utilize the skills and capital earned and the technology learned

by the workers in areas of national interest after their return,
Ü To take necessary action regarding labour agreement with

different countries,
Ü To design and approve the curriculum of training and orientation

for training institutes,
Ü To help the government in implementing the Foreign Employment Act,
Ü To monitor the activities of manpower companies and training institutes,
Ü To suggest the government about the service fees, and
Ü To submit the annual report of the job done by the board to the

government.

1 Secretariat: the officials or office entrusted with administrative duties, maintaining re-
cords, and overseeing or performing secretarial duties, especially for an inter-
national organization

2 Trade Union: an association of employees formed to improve their incomes and working con-
ditions by collective bargaining with the employer or employer organizations

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NOW YOUR TIME
Make a “Match the following” questions from the lesson above.

WORK FURTHER

Answer the following questions. Level of Cognition

1. Make a list of the duties of the Foreign Employment K nowledge
Promotion Board.

2. What are the reasons for establishing the Foreign C omprehension
Employment Promotion Board in Nepal?

Connecting PROJECT

3. Make a report about the Foreign Employment A pplication
Promotion Board.

4. Determine the failures of Foreign Employment A nalysis
Promotion Board.

5. “Instead of promoting foreign employment, the E valuation
government should promote employment within
the country.” Justify this statement and critically
analyse the current situation.

6. Design a plan to increase foreign employment. S ynthesis

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5Lesson Opportunities and Challenges of
Foreign Employment

WHAT & WHY What ? Why ?

You’ll learn to By studying opportunities and challenges
of foreign employment, you can weigh the
 list opportunities of foreign employment. benefits of foreign employment over the costs so
 assess challenges of foreign employment. that you can take steps to minimize the costs.

ThinTkihnrgough Experience

Most of Nepalese youths that go for foreign employment are unskilled.
As a result, their earning is low and they are forced to do menial jobs at
the cost of their lives. What kind of problems do you think you are likely
to face if you were a menial worker in a foreign country?

List few problems that you have heard about related to the
problems faced by Nepali workers abroad?

As discussed in the previous lessons,
foreign employment has both positive
and negative aspects. Due to the
increasing supply of labour force and
lack of employment opportunities in
Nepal, people go abroad for jobs without
having enough knowledge and skills
required for the job. This can create a
lot of problems in future. However, it
also helps in poverty alleviation and contributes to national economy if
people go for it with adequate information related to this sector.

Opportunities

Ü More than two billion rupees as remittance is collected from
foreign employment every year, which has largely contributed to
the national economy.

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Ü Many factories and industries are established by utilizing remittance
which has generated local employment and revenues.

Ü Nepalese workers learn new skills and knowledge which can be
utilized inside the country.

Ü It helps to uplift the life standard of the people and contributes in
poverty alleviation.

Ü It generates capital which can be utilized for the development of
infrastructure.

Ü Nepalese people can experience travelling and observe culture,
religion, tradition and custom of foreign countries.

Ü It improves the bilateral relationship of Nepal with other countries.

Challenges

Ü Lack of knowledge about the situation, culture, climate, etc. creates
a lot of problems.

Ü The risk of being cheated increases by the involvement of agents
and sub-agents who collect potential migrants from rural areas.

Ü Contracts can be abused due to which workers get less salary than
stated or employed in the job specified.

Ü Even the employer company can create false circumstances in
order to satisfy the requirements of the Ministry of Labour.

Ü Demand letters can be manipulated to attract more potential
labour candidates.

Ü Illegal human transportation and trafficking prevail during the
foreign employment process due to open border.

Ü Lack of security and respect for the overseas workers may create
mental probelms..

NOW YOUR TIME

Fill in the blanks with a suitable word in each of the following:

1. Foreign employment generates ___________ for the development
of infrastructure.

2. Agents and sub-agents sometimes __________________ potential
migrant workers.

3. Money sent by Nepalese workers from foreign countries is called
____________

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WORK FURTHER

Answer the following questions: Level of Cognition

1. What are the challenges of foreign employment? K nowledge

2. Explain the challenges of foreign employment for C omprehension
Nepalese youths.

Connecting PROJECT

3. Make a plan to reduce challenges of foreign A pplication
employment.

4. Enumerate the factors that cause problems in A nalysis
foreign employment.

5. “Foreign employment is blessing in disguise.” E valuation
Justify this statement and critically analyse the
current situation.

6. Formulate plans to help Nepali youths suffering in S ynthesis
foreign countries.

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GLANCING
THIS UNIT

A. Theoretical Revision 20

1. Fill in the blanks. 3

a. One should have deep ___________ on the profession he/she is going to choose.

b. The Department of Foreign Employment is established under the Ministry

of ______________

c. The agents of a manpower company work as _______________ between the

company and job seekers.

d. The person going for foreign employment must receive _____________

2. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false for the following statements: 2
a. The Department of Foreign Employment was established to send all

Nepalese youths to foreign countries for labour.
b. Websites can help people get information about foreign employment.
c. The person going for foreign employment must receive Labour Approval from

the Department of Foreign Employment.
d. FEPB was established to promote rights of workers and entrepreneurs.

3. Answer the following questions (any three). 5 x 3 = 15

a. How can a person get information about foreign employment and avoid being

cheated by a manpower agency? Illustrate.

b. What are the challenges to foreign employment in Nepal? Write.

c. “Foreign employment makes significant contribution to the Nepalese economy.”

Justify the statement in your own words.

d. Describe the role of the Foreign Employment Promotion Board.

B. Practical Revision 20

1. Do the following activities: 5 x 3 = 15

a. Talk to any three persons that have come back after working abroad. Make

a report on “Problems Faced by Nepali Workers Abroad” on the basis of your

observations. Connecting
INTERNET
b. Submit the projects given in the lessons of this unit to your teacher

and get them signed by him/her. Keep a record of your submissions.

c. Where would you like to work in future? Decide on the basis of

facts learnt in this unit. Make a sample plan as to how you will get Looking throughout www.symphonypub.com for cumulative revision.

to the place of your choice on the basis of the following guidelines:

• Introduction • Duration

• Academic degree and institution necessary for your work. Visit

• Trainings • Estimated cost • Working field

2. Viva-voce 5

a. Write any two problems faced by Nepali youths abroad.

b. Who is an agent?

c. How can you check whether the job offered by an agency is authentic?

d. What will happen if all youths of our country go abroad for work?

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UNIT
5 GENERAL VOCATIONAL SKILLS
Decision-Making Skills
1Lesson

WHAT & WHY What ? Why ?

You’ll learn to By learning about decision-making skills,
you will learn the technique of making
 define decision. right decisions.
 classify types of decision.
 point out techniques of making right

decision.

ThinTkihnrgough Experience

Many young people in our country are confused. In confusion, they
happen to make wrong decisions mostly because of impulse. What
wrong decisions that a person is likely to make which can destroy
someone’s life?

Make a list of decisions that you take during examinations

based on the following points:

1. Abrupt decision 2. Planned decision

3. Following others 4. Guided by teachers

A decision is a choice made between several alternatives where the
correctness of the choice is uncertain. We all take decisions in every
step of our life. A correct decision guides us towards our destination in
comparatively short period of time. To make a right decision, we should
be able to analyze the situation, identify all possible alternatives along
with their challenges and possibilities. There are several types of
decisions. Some of them are:

Ü Yes/No decision or decision where we have to choose an option

between two contrasting choices.
Ü Decision where there are several options of almost equal weight

and we have to choose one.

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Ü Contingent decision where a choice is made but put on hold untill
certain conditions set are fulfilled. For example, I will buy a TV if I
get it for Rs. 20,000.

Decision-making is the process of reducing doubts and uncertainty
about the options so that a reasonable choice is made. It is a thought
process that motivates us to act forward. Decision-making process
involves two main steps-first, to identify the alternatives and second,
to set criteria for selecting the right alternative. This is a recursive
process. That means we should have the alternatives to set some criteria
and again we should have the criteria to find possible alternatives.

Almost every decision involves some kinds of conflict or dissatisfaction
once it is made. We should never think that the correct decisions always
have advantages only. We should take such decision where positive
outcomes outweigh the possible risks.

The main part of decision-making skills is to know and practise good
decision-making techniques. Some simple steps to make right decisions
are given below:

Ü Identification of the purpose
When we look for a decision we should be clear about the problem

which is to be solved. We also need to find reasons why it should be
solved.

Ü Gathering information
We should collect information about the factors involved in the

problem. This step also demands
identification of the root cause of
the problem.

Ü Setting judgment criteria
In this step we should generate

some standards that the solution
should meet.

Ü Listing possible choices
In this step, we should brain-

storm to identify the possible
solutions to the problem.

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Ü Evaluation
Using the criteria set in step three, we should evaluate the possible

choices listed in step four on the basis of their consequences.
Ü Determining the best alternative
Once all the choices are judged and evaluated, we should determine

the best alternative which is the decision we have made.
Ü Putting into action
When the decision is made it should be put into action on time.

Otherwise, with time, alternatives and judging standards will change.
Ü Evaluating the outcome
After the decision is implemented, we should evaluate its results.

This step is important because it guides us to make other decisions
in the right way.

NOW YOUR TIME

Make any five “Fill in the blank” questions from the above lesson.

WORK FURTHER

Answer the following questions: Level of Cognition

1. What is decision? K nowledge

2. Explain the techniques of making right decisions. C omprehension
Connecting PROJECT

3. Use the techniques of making a right decision to A pplication
come to the conclusion about whether you want to
quit your school or continue with it.

4. Determine the factors that affect a person making A nalysis
right decisions.

5. Summarise the techniques of making a right decisions. E valuation

6. Organize an awareness program in your school to alert S ynthesis
youths about dangers of making wrong decisions and
explain them the ways of making right decision.

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2Lesson Problem-Solving
and Analysis Skills

WHAT & WHY What ? Why ?

You’ll learn to By studying the problem-solving and
analytical skills, you can assess the
 define a problem. solutions to your problems and take steps
 explain problem-solving skills. to overcome them.
 differentiate between problem-solving

skills and analytical skills.

ThinTkihnrgough Experience

Can you tell any past critical situation in which you had to make
an immediate decision? Give an example of a situation in which you
had to make a decision when you did not have all facts available.
What process did you follow for making decisions for these different
circumstances? Were you satisfied with the results?

You must be facing some problems in your life now. Make a list
of such problems.

A problem is a gap between the existing state and the desired state. It is a
situation which prevents us from reaching our goals. We all face several
problems in our life. We should not be stressed out when problems
arise because all problems have solutions. Problems never hinder
growth; instead, they enable us to act in the right way. We should learn
skills to solve and analyse problems to be successful in our life.

Problem-Solving Skills

We all can benefit if we have problem-solving skills, as we encounter
problems everyday. However, some problems are relatively more severe
than other. If we learn problem-solving skills, we can find solutions in
a timely fashion without difficulty. Some important ideas involved in
problem-solving are:

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1. Identifying the issues

We see a problem as a problem because it is to be solved and we do
not have the right solution at hand. As soon as the problem arises, we
should understand what the problem is. This means we should know
what is preventing us from reaching our goals.

2. Considering everyone’s interest

Different people have different perception towards the same problem
and its solution. We should understand other’s interest as well because
the problem can lay impact on the whole surrounding. That is why we
should be impartial and see the problem from different angles too.

3. Making a plan

A plan is essential to keep the problem solving-process on track and
to find solution on time. Planning involved in problem-solving is to
break down the problem to a number of smaller problems which are
comparatively simpler. When these smaller problems are solved, we
remain with the main problem hidden inside what we see as a problem.

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4. Being positive

This is one of the best ideas involved in problem-solving. When we look
for the solution to a problem, we must first accept that the solution
exists and it will open doors for new opportunities.

5. Documenting

We should never rely on our memory only. As soon as a problem is
identified, we should note it down along with other factors influencing it.

6. Monitoring and evaluation

When we use certain techniques to solve a problem, we must monitor
its effectiveness. Conditions may change with time and so does the
problem. So we should be flexible enough to change the track whenever
necessary. This can be ascertained by evaluating the prior steps.

Analytical Skills

Analytical skills are the ability to visualize a problem from different
angles to support decision-making. This skill helps us identify the root
cause of a problem and discover advantages and disadvantages of the
alternatives seen as its solution.

Some important things that should be considered while analysing a
problem or a situation are given below:
Ü Analysis should be practical.
Ü Both causes and effects of a problem should be considered while

analysing it.
Ü Experts should be consulted to gather information for analysis.
Ü Analysis must provide reasons to the decision made.

NOW YOUR TIME

Fill in the blanks with a suitable word in each of the following:
1. A problem is the ____________ between existing and desired state.
2. Problem-solving skills help us to find ________without difficulty.
3. Analysis of a problem should be____________

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WORK FURTHER

Answer the following questions. Level of Cognition

1. What is a problem? K nowledge

2. Explain the methods of solving problems in a right C omprehension
way.

Connecting PROJECT

3. Draw a chart to show various problem-solving A pplication
skills in action.

4. Examine your life to assess whether you possess A nalysis
analytical skills.

5. “Analytical skills help you to solve your problems.” E valuation
Justify this statement.

6. Hypothesize a situation where a person has a S ynthesis
problem and uses his/her analytical skills to come
to a solution.

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GLANCING 20
THIS UNIT 3

A. Theoretical Revision

1. Fill in the blanks.
a. Decision is a choice made among several ____________.
b. A problem is the ____________ between existing and desired state.
c. When decisions are implemented, they should be ____________.

2. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false for the following statements: 2
a. When a decision is made it should not be put into action on time.
b. After implementing a decision we should evaluate its results.
c. We see a problem as a problem because it has no solution.
d. Analytical skills are the ability to visualize a problem from your perspective

before making a decision.

3. Answer the following questions (any three). 5 x 3 = 15

a. What are the techniques of making a right decision? List.

b. Use the techniques of decision-making to come to conclusion about whether

you should study properly or cheat to do well in an examination.

c. “Analytical skills help us to see a problem from different perspectives.”

Justify the statement in your own words.

d. What are the risks of making a wrong decision? Illustrate with an example.

B. Practical Revision 20

1. Do the following activities: 5 x 3 = 15

a. Talk to any four adults. Make a report on “Importance of Making a Right

Decision” on the basis of your observations.

b. Submit the projects given in the lessons of this unit to your teacher and get

them signed by him/her. Keep a record of your submissions.

c. What are the problems that you are facing at your school? How do you want

to solve it? Decide on the basis of faculties and studies you have Connecting
INTERNET
studied in this unit. Make a sample plan as to how you will

solve your problem on the basis of the following guidelines:

• Introduction of your problem • Documenting

• Time required to solve your problem • Your plan Looking throughout www.symphonypub.com for cumulative revision.

• Monitoring and evaluation

2. Viva-voce 5 Visit

a. As a school principal write any two effects of a wrong decision.

b. What is positive attitude?

c. What problems do you have in your home?

d. What do you think can happen if we do not make right decisions

at right time?

FUNCTIONAL 83

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UNIT
6 BUSINESS
Running a Business
1Lesson

WHAT & WHY What ? Why ?

You’ll learn to Nowadays, business has become a major
contributor to any nation’s economy so
 define business. business should not be started without
 explain the factors to be considered understanding its major aspects.

before starting a business.
 realize the impact of business activities

in the environment.

ThinTkihnrgough Experience

Although there are many business opportunities in Nepal, the

number and quality of business is declining day by day. What do

you think are the reasons behind this situation?

List some businesses that people do in your community. Tick
() the reasons given below as to why they selected such
business:

1. To continue parents’ business,
2. To sell items which are rare in the market,
3. To manufacture the products they sell by themselves, and
4. To get engaged in something.

A business is a system or an organization where goods and services are
produced and exchanged for money. The business is run to fulfil our
daily needs. A business enterprise is an organ of the society. So, it must
satisfy the needs of the people in the society. For this, we should analyse
various aspects like production, cost-price, distribution, manpower, etc.
associated with the business. Some important points that should be
considered while running a business are given below:

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Process of selecting a business

The most important aspect related to a business is its selection. Not all
business enterprises yield profit when started. The income level also
does not remain same all the time. To select a business, the following
things should be taken into consideration:

Ü Think of a product or service in demand but less supplied
Each product of a business must reach to the consumer. The profit

gained from a business depends on the quantity of the product
or the extent of the service provided by the firm. If the product
is highly demanded but under-supplied, it will have a higher
possibility of success.

Ü Make sure that there are enough raw materials
Any kind of production requires raw materials. If the raw materials

are adequately available from local resources, the product will have
a better quality and less manufacturing cost.

Ü Identify the form of the business
A business firm can be established singly or in partnership.

Depending upon the nature of business and amount of investment
needed, the type of business firm should be selected.

Ü Human resource
Each business requires manpower to carry out its activities. A

business which can mobilize local human resource will be more
useful in the long run as they remain more familiar with the
resources available.

Ü Choose a business based on what you love doing
Starting a business needs dedication and long term vision. If

you don’t like what you are doing as a business, it will not yield
expected profit. So, we must choose a business which is based on
our interest.

Environmental Conservation

Environment is a set of physical, biological, social and cultural conditions
that surround living organisms. The raw materials necessary to run

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an industry depend directly or indirectly
on the environment. So, while running a
business or an industry, materials given
by the environment are required. Use of
these resources must be done properly
without harming any element of the
environment. This is why, environmental
conservation is an essential aspect of a
business.

Impact of Human Activities on Environment

It is necessary to study the impact of an industry on environment
before establishing it. Industries are established in order to manufacture
products to ease our life but not at the cost of the environmental
degradation. Before setting up an industry, its effects on the environment
and ways to minimize them must be studied. Raising awareness
programmes, afforestation and smoke reduction regulations are some
of the ways to conserve the environment.

Sustainable Development

The process of carrying out development activities by utilizing the

resources without compromising with the needs of future generations

is called sustainable development. This has become a very hot issue

since 1980s. Environmental effects like global warming, ozone layer

depletion, acid rain, etc. are the results of not following the principles

of sustainable development. So, we should be careful to make our
Didkynoouw ?
business environment-friendly and
sustainable. Sustainable development

can be achieved by Norwegian Puineminuks
Ü conserving natural resources, Grolarlem Brandtland

Ü public participation, who was a medical doctor
Ü conserving ecosystem, by profession developed
Ü having long term vision, the concept of sustainable
Ü protecting of watersheds and development in 1987 in
Ü reducing pollution. the report “Our common

future.”

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NOW YOUR TIME
Make any three “Fill in the blank” questions from the lesson.

WORK FURTHER

Answer the following questions. Level of Cognition

1. What is sustainable development? K nowledge

2. Explain the factors to be considered before selecting C omprehension
a business.

Connecting PROJECT

3. How do you solve the problem faced in running a A pplication
business?

4. Determine the importance of environment A nalysis
conservation from the business viewpoint.

5. “Power shortage has a major negative impact on E valuation
business in Nepal.” Justify this statement and
critically analyse the current situation.

6. What could be done to maximize the use of S ynthesis
sustainable development approach in running a
business?

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2Lesson Entrepreneurial Education

WHAT & WHY What ? Why ?

You’ll learn to Entrepreneurial education is one of the
best ways to support economic growth and
 define education and entrepreneurial generate jobs.
education.

 explain the importance of entrepreneurial
education.

 learn the challenges of entrepreneurial
education.

ThinTkihnrgough Experience

An entrepreneur creates opportunities not just for himself/herself
but more importantly for others. However, entrepreneurs in Nepal
have been unable to create employment opportunities for others.
What do you think are the reasons behind this situation?

You must have noticed the skills of shopkeeper used to attract
customers. Make a list of few such skills.

Education is a process of acquiring knowledge, skills and habits by study
and experience. It is important to lead a successful life. It is provided
in various fields. One of them is entrepreneurial education which deals
with the use of existing resources to create opportunities for generating
earning. By providing business start-ups and social enterprise, it helps
to make people to be more employable.

A majority of jobs are created by small business activities run by individuals.
People can exercise more organizational freedom and self-esteem in such
business. Economic and social success of a country depends on the number
of self-employed people. Entrepreneurial education encourages people to
discover opportunities within day-to-day activities.

Importance of Entrepreneurial Education
Ü It develops skills in business start-ups,

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Ü It reduces unemployment problems,
Ü It enables people to access other resources and services,
Ü It changes personal attitudes and makes people competent in terms

of problem solving, accounting, team work, self-awareness, etc. and
Ü It helps to identify legitimate sources of capital.

Challenges

Education alone does not ensure meeting the needs of the market.
Producing graduates without proper skills to adapt to the latest market
demands is becoming a major issue for our society. Therefore, the major
question today is not whether students have the right set of skills and
abilities but whether they are entrepreneurial enough to adapt to the
changing society. So, we should be able to produce entrepreneurs but
not job seekers through education. Providing such education along with
each formal degree is the most important need of the present time.

NOW YOUR TIME

Fill in the blanks with a suitable word in each of the following:

1. __________ is a process of acquiring knowledge, skills and habits

by study and experience. Didkynoouw ?
2. Education reduces ____________
King Croesus, who ruled the
problems. kingdom of Lydia in sixth
3. Education alone does not ensure century BC is owed a huge
debt of gratitude for
meeting the needs of the _______ minting the world’s first
4. We should be able to produce coin, thereby creating the
life blood of every business.
___________ but not job seekers
through education.

WORK FURTHER

Answer the following questions: Level of Cognition
1. What is an entrepreneurial education? K nowledge
2. Explain the challenges of an entrepreneurial education.
C omprehension

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Connecting PROJECT A pplication
A nalysis
3. How would you use your knowledge of
entrepreneurial education in encouraging others? E valuation
S ynthesis
4. Determine the importance of entrepreneurial
education.

5. “Government acts as an entrepreneur in developing
industrial projects.” Justify this statement and
critically analyse the current situation.

6. Design a plan that can be implemented for
increasing the level of entrepreneurial education
in your community.

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3Lesson Format of a Business Plan

WHAT & WHY What ? Why ?

You’ll learn to A good business plan can help you organize
all the pieces that will have come together
 define a business plan. to make your business a success.
 explain the importance of a business plan.
 develop a business plan.

ThinTkihnrgough Experience

A business plan is one way to evaluate an idea before you commit to
pursuing it. The process of creating the plan can reveal the factors
that you might not otherwise consider, which might save you from
making a bad decision. But Nepalese entrepreneurs do not involve
themselves in making a business plan. What do you think are the
reasons behind this situation?

You must have met business men/women in your community.
Talk to them about their business and ask them.

Before starting any business, a proper
business plan is a must. A business
plan is a written description of the
future of your business. It tells what
you plan to do and how you plan to
do it. Business plans are strategic
as they tell you what to do in case a
problem arises. A well-made business
plan helps an entrepueneur to identify
objectives of the business and start
the business with limited resources to
maintain profitability.

A good format for a business plan should consist of the following details.

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Business Plan: Handicraft (for example)

1. Location: site for your business.
2. Type of the product manufactured: furniture, window frames, door

frames, statues, photo frames, etc. (for handicraft business)
3. Marketing: local market, tourist shops, wholesale or retail

distributiors, etc.
4. Investment: required investment for producing the proposed

products as below:

S.N Particulars Amount Remarks
1
2
3
4
5

5. Capital

S.N Particulars Amount Remarks
1
2
3
4
5

6. Production Plan

S.N Particulars Quantity Rate Amount Remarks

7. Expected Income =
a. Value of total good produced =
b. Labor cost =
c. Rent and depreciation =
d. Total expenditure =
e. Profit = Total income – Total expenditure

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NOW YOUR TIME

Fill in the blanks with a suitable word in each of the following:

1. A ____________ is one way to evaluate an idea before you commit

to pursuing it. Didkynoouw ?
2. A business plan is a written
Business plans do not have
____________ of the future of only one format. Some plans
your business.
3. A good business plan can help are internal and used as
you ________ all the pieces that a management tool, while
will have to come together to others are external use to
make your business a success.
attract invertors.

WORK FURTHER

Answer the following questions. Level of Cognition

1. What is a business plan? K nowledge

2. Explain the importance of a business plan. C omprehension
Connecting PROJECT

3. Make a business plan for a business established in A pplication
your community.

4. What are the features of a good business plan? A nalysis

5. “Nepalese women lack skills to develop their ideas E valuation
into business plans.” Justify this statement and
critically analyse the current situation.

6. Organize a training program me on ‘How to S ynthesis
prepare a business plan’ for entrepreneurs in your
community.

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4Lesson Local Industries

WHAT & WHY What ? Why ?

You’ll learn to Local industries use local materials and
labour. Thus they save money from going
 define local industries. outside and contribute in developing a local
 explain the kinds of local industries. economy.

ThinTkihnrgough Experience

There is a great potential for the development of local tourism
industry in many areas of Nepal but majority of such industries are
confined to urban areas like Kathmandu and Pokhara. What do you
think are the reasons behind this situation?

Make a list of industries in your locality.

Local industries are centres where goods, products and services are
produced by using locally available resources, labor and investment.
These kind of industries help fulfil the demands and needs of people in
a locality. These industries are established by the active participation
of people in a community. In the past, these industries were called
cottage industries but nowadays they are called local industries.

There are many kinds of local industries such as carpentry industry,
paper industry, pottery industry, metal works industry, etc. Let’s take
an example of a metal industry to identify resources and skills required
to run such industries so that we can do the same for other types of
industries.

Metal Work Industry

In a metal work industry, steel or iron channels are used to make grills
for windows, different types of gates, shutters, iron-clad roofing, etc.
Metal works are also important for making buildings, stairs, railings
and many more.

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After visiting a metal industry, we
concluded that we need to consider
the following aspects:

1. Management of Workshop

In a metal work industry, various
heavy tools like angle grinder, cutter,
drilling machine and welding
machine are required. These heavy
duty machineries are used to cut, grind and drill metal to produce
different kind of products. Welding machine is the most important
machinery in a metal work industry as it is used to join metal pieces
together. Temperature of about 1000 °C is produced through a electric
arc which passes through a special electrode1 which melts the metal and
joins them together.

2. Human Resources Management

The workers maintain an attendance. They also set a time for lunch
and visiting for onsite fitting. Proper attendance is an important part of
managing a workshop.

3. Workplace Safety

Workers should wear protective clothing, helmet and goggles to protect
themselves. They should also wear helmets and be careful of blades
and metal pieces. First Aid kit and fire extinguishers were kept in the
workshop for further safety.

4. Leave Management

Workers were given adequate leave as per the Labour Act of Nepal.

5. Time Management

Workers were paid extra for extra timings when they were required for
finishing a project on time.

1 Electrode: a conductor, not necessarily metallic, through which a current enters or leaves a
nonmetallic medium, as an electrolytic cell, arc generator, vacuum tube, or gas-
eous discharge tube

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6. Paint Shop

An area for painting was separated in workshop so as to paint the
products in desired colours. A spray paint machine was used to ensure
a good finish. We helped the workers paint some of the products.

7. Accountancy

Receipts were given to all the sold products. Ledger and journals were
maintained properly. We took part in ledger entries and giving receipts.

8. Warehousing

All the finished products were labelled and stored properly. Tools,
required parts and raw materials were store after they were properly
labelled.

After visiting a local metal industry, we learnt so many things. We par-
ticipated in some of the activities and gained important skills and ex-
periences.

NOW YOUR TIME

Fill in the blanks with a suitable word in each of the following:

1. Local industries are centres where goods, products and services

are produced by using ___________ available resources, labour

and investment. Didkynoouw ?
2. In a _________________ various

heavy tools are required such as

angle grinder, cutter, drilling Andrew Carnegio was a
machine, welding machine. steel industrialist, who

3. Workers should be given became one of the richest

adequate ____________ as per man in history had started

the Labor Act of Nepal. his company as a small local
4. Finished products should be industry.

labelled and ________ properly.

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WORK FURTHER

Answer the following questions. Level of Cognition

1. What is a local industry? K nowledge

2. Explain the important aspects of managing a local C omprehension

industry.

Connecting PROJECT

3. Make a list of local industries established in your A pplication
locality.

4. Examine a local industry in your locality and A nalysis
describe the problems that it faced.

5. “There are great possibilities of establishing local E valuation
industries by utilizing the existing local resources
due to the geological and geophysical structure
of Nepal”. Justify this statement and critically
analyse the current situation.

6. Design a plan that can be implemented for S ynthesis
developing local industries in your community.

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GLANCING
THIS UNIT

A. Theoretical Revision 20

1. Fill in the blanks. 3

a. Production of goods and services requires _________________.

b. The process of carrying development without compromising the needs of

future generation to meet their needs is called _________________.

c. A method of using existing resources to create opportunities for income

generation is called _________________.

2. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false for the following. 2

a. A business plan is a way to evaluate an idea before you start pursuing it.

b. Local industries use foreign workers.

c. Entrepreneurial Education encourages people to deliver opportunities

within day-to-day activities.

d. It is unnecessary to minimize harmful impacts of industries on environment.

3. Answer the following questions (any three): 5 x 3 = 15

a. What is business? Write the process of selecting a good business.

b. Mention any five important points of entrepreneurship.

c. “Nepalese people lack skills to develop their ideas into a business plan”

Justify the statement in your own words.

d. Who is an entrepreneur? What are the things to be taken into consideration

in a metal workshop?

B. Practical Revision 20

1. Do the following activities: 5 x 3 = 15

a. Talk to a few entrepreneurs about their business and ideas. Make a report on

“Entrepreneurial Ideas in My Locality” on the basis of your observations.

b. Submit the projects given in the lessons of this unit to your teacher and get

them signed by him/her. Keep a record of your submissions.

c. What business would you engage yourself into in future? Decide Connecting
INTERNET
on the basis of facts you have studied in this unit. Make a sam-

ple business plan as to how you will fulfil your aim on the basis

of the following guidelines:

• Location of your business • Type of products manufactured Looking throughout www.symphonypub.com for cumulative revision.

• Marketing management • Investment

• Production plan • Expected profit

2. Viva-voce 5 Visit

a. Write any two negative impacts of power shortage in industry.

b. Who is an entrepreneur?

c. What are different kinds of local industries in the context of

Nepal?

d. Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenifindustriesdonotmakeaprovisionof

workplace safety measures?

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UNIT
7 BUSINESS ORIENTATION
Market Management
1Lesson

WHAT & WHY What ? Why ?

You’ll learn to Marketing management helps you identify
which marketing materials are effective
 define marketing management and which are not.
 explain the importance of marketing

management.

ThinTkihnrgough Experience

Market management involves identifying right products for right
customers and supplying the right priced products at the right place
and the right time. Even then, but market management in Nepal is
generally concerned with selling the products you produce at the highest
price. What do you think are the reasons behind this situation?

You must have seen advertisements about some products in
newspapers and on TV. List some ways in which a product is
promoted in them. Mention a product that you choose because
of such advertisements.

Market management is a branch of business. It deals with the creation
of a situation where the business is supplied according to the demand
in the market. In every business, goods are sold or bought and services
are provided or taken. These should be done in such a way that
excess goods are sent to the market and required goods are taken from
the market. An act of making balance between these activities is called
market management.

Importance of the Market Management 99
Ü It helps in the selection of a useful marketplace.

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