J.P.H. Junior GENERAL ENGLISH
27. Farmer (fdlku)µThe farmer is ploughing the fields.
Former (igyk)µThe former answer was correct.
28. Form (iQkeZ)µPlease help me in filling this form.
Farm ([ksr)µThe students visited a local farm.
29. Fair (esyk)µWe went to see the book fair.
Fare (fdjk;k)µShe didn’t have enough money for the cab fare.
30. Floor (eaft+y)µI live on the second floor of that building.
Flour (vkVk)µBread is made of flour.
Flower (iwQy)µDo not pluck the flowers.
31. Gate (iQkVd)µShut the main gate.
Gait (pky)µShe has a charming gait.
32. Heal (Bhd gksuk)µThe wound will soon heal up.
Heel (,M+h)µI have a wound in my heel.
33. Here (;gk¡)µSit here.
Hear (lquuk)µI cannot hear your voice.
34. Hole (Nsn)µA snake lives in a hole.
Whole (lkjk)µHe read the whole novel.
35. Herd (>qaM)µI saw a herd of cattle in the field.
Heard (lquuk)µI have heard your story.
36. Hair (cky)µHer hair is grey.
Hare ([kjxks'k)µA hare runs very fast.
37. Heart (fny)µDo not lose heart.
Hurt (?kk;y)µHe was hurt in the accident.
38. Idle (csdkj)µDo not sit idle.
Ideal (vkn'kZ)µMy father is my ideal.
39. Letter (i=k)µI wrote a letter to my friend.
Latter (nwljk)µThe latter half of the game was very interesting.
40. No (ugha)µThere is no sugar in tea.
Know (tkuuk)µI know the answer of this question.
41. Lose ([kksuk)µDo not lose your temper.
Loose (<hyk)µShe wears a loose shirt.
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Word Power
42. Marry (fookg djuk)µHe married a beautiful girl.
Merry (vkuUn eukuk)µLet us make merry.
43. Meet (feyuk)µMeet me on Sunday.
Meat (ek¡l)µShe does not eat meat.
44. Mail (Mkd)µWe do our business by mail.
Male (uj)µThe women’s basketball team was a male coach.
45. Not (ugha)µDo not sit here.
Knot (xk¡B)µMake the knot tight.
46. Nice (vPNk)µHave a nice evening.
Niece (Hkrhth)µShe is my niece.
47. Our (gekjk)µOur books are on the table.
Hour (?kaVk)µAn hour has sixty mintues.
48. Principal (izèkkukpk;Z)µI would like to meet your Principal.
Principle (fln~/kUr)µHe is a man of principles.
49. Pray (izkFkZuk djuk)µPray to God.
Prey (f'kdkj)µThe lion is a beast of prey.
50. Peace ('kkafr)µHe is a man of peace.
Piece (VqdM+k)µGive me a piece of paper.
51. Pain (nnZ)µShe was crying with pain.
Pane ('kh'kk)µHe broke the window-pane.
52. Price (dher)µWhat is the price of this book ?
Prize (buke)µShe won a first prize for her singing.
53. Pair (tksM+k)µShe bought a pair of shoes.
Pare (fNyuk)µHe pares the branches from the trees.
54. Quiet ('kkar)µPlease keep quiet in the class.
Quite (fcYoqQy)µI am quite well.
55. Rain (o"kkZ)µRain is the source of water.
Reign ('kklu)µHe was a popular ruler throughout his reign.
56. Route (ekxZ)µHe has gone by a long route.
Root (tM+)µThis tree has long roots.
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57. Right (lgh)µYour answer is right.
Write (fy[kuk)µHe write a letter to the Principal.
58. Raise (mBkuk)µRaise your hand if you know the answer.
Ray (fdj.k)µRays of sunshine shone through a gap in the
clouds.
59. Sale (fcØh)µThis house is for sale.
Sail (pyuk)µRanjit likes to sail boats.
60. See (ns[kuk)µWe see with our eyes.
Sea (leqæ)µThe rivers falls into the sea.
61. Steal (pqjkuk)µShe will steal your book.
Steel (yksgk)µThe almirah is made of steel.
62. Story (dgkuh)µShe told me a story.
Storey (eafty)µThis house has two storeys.
63. Stationary (fLFkj)µThe sun is stationary.
Stationery (LVs'kujh)µMy brother deals in stationery.
64. Sun (lw;Z)µThe sun rises in the east.
Son (csVk)µHe is the son of a doctor.
65. Weight (otu)µWhat is your weight ?
Wait (izrh{kk djuk)µWait a minute.
66. Their (mudk)µThey do their home-work everyday.
There (ogk¡)µShe did not go there.
67. Tail (iw¡N)µThe boy caught the dog by its tail.
Tale (dgkuh)µTell me an interesting tale.
68. Throne (¯lgklu)µThe king sat on his throne.
Thrown (isaQduk)µI have thrown the ball.
69. Vain (?keaMh)µHe is a vain fellow.
Vein (ul)µBlood runs through the veins.
70. Waste (u"V djuk)µDo not waste your money.
Waist (dej)µShe was wearing a waist-coat.
71. Weather (ekSle)µThe weather is very fine.
Whether (;k] pkgs)µI do not know whether he will come or not.
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Word Power
72. Wear (iguuk)µThe policeman wears a Khaki-uniform.
Ware (lkeku)µHe deals in hard-ware.
73. Weak (detksj)µHe is weak in English.
Week (lIrkg)µA week has seven days.
74. Weigh (rksyuk)µFirst weigh, then say.
Way (jkLrk)µShe met me on my way to school.
75. Wine ('kjkc)µWine is harmful to health.
Vine (yrk)µGrapes are hanging on the vine.
76. Feet (iSj)µI have two feet.
Feat (djrc)µThe juggler showed many feats.
Practice Exercise
Fill in the blanks with correct words :
(a) Butter and bread are __________ products. (dairy / diary)
(b) Please read this poem __________. (aloud / allowed)
(c) It is a bad habit to __________ at anyone. (stare / stair)
(d) Sunil is rich but there is no __________ in his life. (piece / peace)
(e) The shop __________ battary __________ also. (sells / cells)
(f) The __________ has suddenly turned cold. (weather / whether)
(g) A plant gets water through its __________. (roots / routes)
(h) The wind __________ the leaves. (blue / blew)
(i) We should never __________ to our parents. (lye / lie)
(j) We are going to chop some __________. (would / wood)
(k) I could bearly stand on my __________. (feet / feat)
(l) A __________ has seven days. (week / weak)
(m) I __________ a suit and tie for work. (wear / where)
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4
PREFIX AND SUFFIX
(milxZ vkSj izR;;)
milxZ og 'kCnka'k gS tks fdlh Hkh 'kCn osQ vkjaHk esa tqM+dj mlosQ vFkZ esa fo'ks"krk yk ns ;k
mldk vFkZ gh cny nsaA
A prefix is a word that is added at the beginning of the root word
to form a new word.
Prefix Meaning Example
Dis (fMl) not, opposite of dis+satisfied = dissatisfied
Mis (fel) wrongly mis+spell = misspell
Un (vu~) not un+acceptable = unacceptable
Re (fj) again re+election = reelection
Pre (izh) before pre+paid = prepaid
Non (uu~) not non+sense = nonsense
In (bu~) not in+correct = incorrect
Im (be~) not im+possible = impossible
Under (vaMj) below, lower under+water = underwater
tks 'kCnka'k 'kCnksa osQ var esa tqM+dj vFkZ esa ifjorZu yk,] izR;; dgykrs gSaA
A suffix is a group of letters that is added to the end of a word.
Suffix Meaning Example
Full (iqQy) full of beauty+ful = beautiful
Less (ysl) without tooth+less = toothless
Ness (usl) state of being happy+ness = happiness
Ity (bZVh) state of equal+ity = equality
Able (,scy) can be done comfort+able = comfortable
En (,u) made of wood+en = wooden
Dom (Me~) state/quality of being free+dom = freedom
Ish (b'k~) a little green+ish = greenish
Ous (vl~) full of joy+ous = joyous
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Word Power
Practice Exercise
1. Make new words combining the root word with one of the following prefix :
un under pre mis in dis
(a) __________behave (b) __________happy
(c) __________water (d) __________correct
(e) __________paid (f) __________honest
2. Make a new word by adding the correct suffix from the word bank to root
word :
ful ness dom less able ity
(a) care__________ (b) free__________
(c) meaning__________ (d) dark__________
(e) help__________ (f) present__________
(g) moral__________ (h) doubt__________
3. For each prefix, write two words that begin with that prefix :
(a) dis __________ __________
(b) im __________ __________
(c) in __________ __________
(d) un __________ __________
(e) re __________ __________
(f) mis __________ __________
4. Add suffix to each words given below. One has been done for you :
ful
helpful
(a) help + __________ = __________
(b) sad + __________ = __________
(c) care + __________ = __________
(d) thought + __________ = __________
(e) free + __________ = __________
(f) joy + __________ = __________
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204
2 20505
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Word Power
B. ERRORS IN THE USE OF PRONOUNS
Incorrect Correct
1. I, he and you should work You, he and I should work
together. together.
2. You, he and I are helpless. I, he and you are helpless.
3. One should do his duty. One should do one's duty.
4. Between you and I, he is a Between you and me, he is a
cheat. cheat.
5. You can buy any of these two You can buy either of these
books. two books.
6. His all friends are intelligent. All his friends are intelligent.
7. Everybody should do their Everybody should do his
duty. duty.
8. Let us enjoy. Let us enjoy ourselves.
9. Rita and Gita love one- Rita and Gita love each other.
another.
C. ERRORS IN THE USE OF PREPOSITIONS
Incorrect Correct
1. I love with my friend. I love my friend.
2. She resembles with her She resembles her mother.
mother.
3. The boys entered into the The boys entered the hall one
hall one by one. by one.
4. Rama married with Sita. Rama married Sita.
5. I reached at the station late. I reached the station late.
6. He ordered for two cups of tea. He ordered two cups of tea.
7. He is searching his lost pen. He is searching for his lost
pen.
8. I prefer milk than tea. I prefer milk to tea.
9. He jumped in the river. He jumped into the river,
10. I do not agree to you. I do not agree with you.
11. I have eaten nothing from I have eaten nothing since
yersterday. yesterday.
12. He killed two birds by one He killed two birds with one
shot. shot.
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13. He has no house to live. He has no house to live in.
14. He needs a pen to write. He needs a pen to write with.
15. I was waiting you. I was waiting for you.
16. He is blind from one eye. He is blind of one eye.
17. He invited all his friends for He invited all his friends to
tea. tea.
18. It is seven in my watch. It is seven by my watch.
19. I asked a ticket. I asked for a ticket.
20. Open you book on page 30. Open your book at page 30.
21. He is ill from fever. He is ill with fever.
D. ERRORS IN THE USE OF ARTICLES
Incorrect Correct
1. Never tell lie Never tell a lie.
2. Always speak truth. Always speak the truth.
3. It is a half past seven by my It is half past seven by my
watch. watch.
4. It is quarter past five now. It is a quarter past five now.
5. You are in wrong direction. You are in the wrong
direction.
6. I am in hurry. I am in a hurry.
7. I read Indian Express daily. I read the Indian Express
daily.
8. The English is spoken by English is spoken by the
English.
English.
9. Kavita is best girl in the Kavita is the best girl in the
class.
class.
10. The man is mortal. Man is mortal.
11. He is honest boy. He is an honest boy.
His brother is an M.P.
12. His brother is M.P.
Here is an umbrella.
13. Here is a umbrella.
14. He has headache. He has a headache.
15. It is time to take the tea. It is time to take tea.
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Word Power
E. ERRORS IN THE USE OF ADJECTIVES
Incorrect Correct
1. He is more cleverer than his He is cleverer than his
brother. brother.
2. Ram is my older brother. Ram is my elder brother.
3. I want little sugar for tea. I want a little sugar for tea.
4. Agra is a worth-seeing place. Agra is a place worth-seeing.
5. This is comparatively This is comparatively cheap
cheaper cloth. cloth.
6. It is much fine today. It is very fine today.
7. He has any oranges. He has some oranges.
8. What is the last news? What is the latest news?
F. ERRORS IN THE USE OF VERBS
Incorrect Correct
1. He had come here yesterday. He came here yesterday.
2. I did not see him for a long I have not seen him for a long
time. time.
3. He is suffering from fever He has been suffering from
since Tuesday. fever since Tuesday.
4. The patient died before the The patient had died before
doctor arrived. the doctor arrived.
5. If he will work hard, he will If he works hard, he will
pass. pass.
6. I am waiting since morning. I have been waiting since
morning.
7. He was hung for murder. He was hanged for murder.
8. The horse and carriage are The horse and carriage is
standing at the gate. standing at the gate.
9. Stop to write. Stop writing.
10. He shook my hand. He shook hands with me.
11. Will I get the first prize? Shall I get the first prize?
12. How you know that? How do you know that?
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G. ERRORS IN THE USE OF ADVERBS
Incorrect Correct
1. It is too cold today. It is very cold today.
2. I am too glad to see you. I am very glad to see you.
3. It is much hot today. It is very hot today.
4. He runs fastly. He runs fast.
5. The child walks slow. The child walks slowly.
6. She sings good. She sings well.
7. I only saw him once. I saw him only once.
8. I seldom or ever refuse your I seldom or never refuse your
request. request.
9. The train reached lately. The train reached late.
H. ERRORS IN THE USE OF PREPOSITIONS
Incorrect Correct
1. Although he is rich, but he Although he is rich yet he is
is not happy. not happy.
2. Supposing if you miss the Supposing you miss the train,
train, what will you do? what will you do ?
3. When I reached there then it When I reached there, it was
was raining. raining.
4. He asked me that why I had He asked me why I had gone
gone there. there.
5. The horse belongs to the The horse with a short bushy
washerman with a short tail belongs to the
bushy tail. washerman.
Practice Exercise
Correct the following sentence :
(a) This is a blue and a green cap. (b) Do you play the cricket?
(c) There are five sheeps. (d) I enjoy to learn English.
(e) We should pray God. (f) Stop to write.
(g) He replied me. (h) She walks fastly.
(i) Rajesh fell sick. (j) They told to me.
(k) She sings good. (l) Your scissor is blunt.
(m) She wants a bread. (n) I love with my friend.
(o) I have a twenty rupees note. (p) Never tells a lie.
(q) Richa is best girl in the class. (r) He has any mangoes.
(s) I asked a ticket.
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READING
UNSEEN PASSAGES
(vifBr xn~;ka'k)
The word unseen (vifBr) refers to something that has not been
seen before. Unseen passages are not given from text-books. By giving
this type of passage, students are asked questions based on them.
Before answering unseen passages (vifBr xn~;ka'k) the following points
should be kept in mind.
★ Must read the given passage at least twice.
★ Underline the answers to the questions asked.
★ Write the answers in simple language.
★ The answers should be from the given passage.
PASSAGE : 1
Read the following passage :
Mohit has a new bicycle. It is blue and
shiny. It was gift from his father. He hid it
behind a bush to surprise him. When
Mohint looked behind the bush and saw
the bicycle, he jumped with joy. He gave
his father a hug. He loves his new bicycle.
Choose the correct answer :
1. What is the colour of the bicycle ?
(a) Pink (b) Blue
(c) Black (d) Green
Ans. (b) Blue
2. Where was the bicycle hidden ?
(a) Behind the curtains (b) In the garden
(c) Behind the bush (d) In the room
Ans. (c) Behind the bush
3. Who gave the bicycle to Mohit ?
(a) His father (b) His mother
(c) His teacher (d) His friend
Ans. (a) His father
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4. Mohit jumped with joy when he saw the __________.
(a) car (b) aeroplane
(c) bicycle (d) train
Ans. (c) bicycle
5. The opposite of old is __________.
(a) new (b) young
(c) clear (d) shiny
Ans. (a) new
PASSAGE : 2
Read the following passage :
Rohit is very happy today. His
summer vacation has started. His father
is taken him to the zoo. He has packed
his picnic bag with chips, chocolates and
biscuits. Just then his father calls Rohit,
“It’s time to go !” Rohit runs down the
stairs and slips hard. He is hurt but he
smiles and happily sits in the car.
Choose the correct answer :
1. Rohit seems __________ today.
(a) happy (b) sad
(c) lazy (d) sleepy
Ans. (a) happy
2. Where is Rohit going with his father ?
(a) Zoo (b) Park
(c) School (d) Museum
Ans. (a) Zoo
3. Rohit has packed his bag with __________.
(a) chips (b) chocolates
(c) biscuits (d) all of these
Ans. (d) all of these
4. How does Rohit sit in the car ?
(a) Sadly (b) Happily
(c) Angrily (d) Lazily
Ans. (b) Happily
5. The plural of bag is __________.
(a) bags (b) bages
(c) bag (d) bagss
Ans. (a) bags
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PASSAGE : 3
Read the following passage :
Priya is Richa’s best friend. She is getting ready
to go to Richa’s birthday party in the evening. She
buys an interesting story-book as a birthday gift for
Richa. Priya wants to wrap it in red colour paper.
She knows that red is Richa’s favourite colour. She
can’t find any red paper. Priya becomes sad. Looking
at Priya’s sad face her mother told her to wrap the
gift with pink paper.
Choose the correct answer :
1. Who is Richa’s best friend ?
(a) Priya (b) Riya
(c) Anjali (d) Neelam
Ans. (a) Priya
2. What gift did Priya buy for Richa ?
(a) A toy car (b) A doll
(c) A story book (d) A watch
Ans. (c) Story book
3. What is Richa’s favourite colour ?
(a) Blue (b) Pink
(c) Red (d) Brown
Ans. (c) Red
4. Where is Priya going in the evening ?
(a) Wedding (b) Garden
(c) Richa’s birthday party (d) Cousin’s house
Ans. (c) Richa’s birthday party
5. The opposite of happy is _________.
(a) early (b) down
(c) right (d) sad
Ans. (d) sad
PASSAGE : 4
Read the following passage :
Penguins are a group of aquatic,
flightless birds living mostly in Antarctica.
Penguins have dark and white feathers.
They have flippers for movement in water.
Most penguins feed on fish, squid and
other forms of creatures caught while
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J.P.H. Junior GENERAL ENGLISH
swimming underwater. They spend half of their life on land and half
in the oceans. Emperor penguins are the largest living species and
the blue or fairy penguins are the smallest species. Most of the
penguin species live in large colonies.
Choose the correct answer :
1. Where are penguins mostly found ?
(a) Antarctica (b) Grassland
(c) Arctic (d) Pacific
Ans. (a) Antarctica
2. Penguins feed on __________.
(a) grass (b) fish and squid
(c) vegetables (d) fruits
Ans. (b) fish and squid
3. Penguins live in a __________.
(a) herd (b) colony
(c) pride (d) litter
Ans. (b) colony
4. Penguins have __________ feathers.
(a) dark (b) white
(c) pink (d) Both (a) and (b)
Ans. (d) Both (a) and (b)
5. Penguins are __________ animals.
(a) land (b) aquatic
(c) arboreal (d) aerial
Ans. (b) aquatic
PASSAGE : 5
Read the following passage :
We must take proper care of our hair. Healthy hair
looks beautiful and makes us feel good. It is important
to keep our hair clean by washing it regularly with
soap or shampoo. This removes the dirt and dust and
prevents scalp infections. To have healthy hair, we
must eat a balanced diet which provides nourishment
to our skin. We should eat lots of green leafy vegetables,
fresh fruits and cereals. Consumption of amla juice
and coconut water enhances hair growth. Vitamin B
12
helps to prevent hair loss and can be found in fish,
eggs, chicken and milk. We should avoid the intake of maida (fine
flour) and deep-fried dishes, sweets made of white sugar, soft drinks,
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Reading
tea and coffee. If we follow a healthy regime of yoga and breathing
exercises, we can enjoy healthy hair for a long time as it slows down
the process of graying and ageing.
Choose the correct answer :
1. It is important to keep our hair clean because healthy
hair looks __________.
(a) beautiful (b) oily
(c) dirty (d) gray
Ans. (a) beautiful
2. What provides nourishment to our hair ?
(a) Junk food (b) Balanced diet
(c) Water (d) Soil
Ans. (b) Balanced diet
3. Which one of the following removes the dirt and dust from hair?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ans. (c)
4. What should we avoid for keeping our hair healthy?
(a) Coconut water (b) Deep fried dishes
(c) Amla juice (d) Fresh fruits
Ans. (b) Deep fried dishes
5. Find a word from the passage which means improve.
(a) Enhance (b) Scalp
(c) Healthy food (d) Prevent
Ans. (a) Enhance
POEM : 1
Read the following poem :
The earth with its great green trees
Its infinite life and boundless beauty
The only earth there’ll ever be
These waters of deep springs of rivers and lakes
Drops of dew and clouds above
All the water there has ever been.
The air around that everyone breathes
Over and over, forever and ever
Love this earth
Love it as much as life itself
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J.P.H. Junior GENERAL ENGLISH
Earth from which all life has come
Earth to which all life returns
Love its waters and keep them clean
Water on which all life depends
Love clean air
Care enough to keep it clear
Clean enough to see the stars
And earth will remain beyond time.
Choose the correct answer :
1. The poem is about __________.
(a) loving planet earth (b) loving animals
(c) loving birds (d) loving your neighbours
Ans. (a) loving planet earth
2. The earth has __________.
(a) stars (b) sun
(c) green trees (d) peaks
Ans. (c) green trees
3. What should be kept clean according to the poem ?
(a) Water (b) Air
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
Ans. (c) Both (a) and (b)
4. Which one of the following is a source of water ?
(a) River (b) Earth
(c) Hills (d) Cloud
Ans. (a) River
5. The opposite of below is __________.
(a) above (b) drops
(c) remain (d) beauty
Ans. (a) above
★ FOR PRACTICE ★
Read the following passages :
(A) Riya and Nidhi are friends. They study in Class
II. They like to play with each other. They never fight.
They always share their books and toys. Riya’s
favourite past time is reading story books while Nidhi
loves colouring. They help each other.
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Reading
Choose the correct answer :
1. What do Riya and Nidhi share ?
(a) Books (b) Toys
(c) Food (d) Both (a) and (b)
2. Who are Riya and Nidhi ?
(a) Friends (b) Cousins
(c) Sisters (d) Neighbours
3. What does Nidhi like ?
(a) Reading books (b) Dancing
(c) Singing (d) Colouring
4. In which class do they study ?
(a) Class I (b) Class II
(c) Class III (d) Class IV
5. Find a word from the passage which is the opposite of
always.
(a) Friend (b) Like
(c) Never (d) Help
(B) Birds are beautiful flying creatures.
They live in nests. They have wings, feathers,
beaks and claws. Birds eat fruits, grains,
worms, insects, etc. The smallest bird is the
humming bird and the biggest bird is the
ostrich. The birds live in flocks and they are
social too. Birds like peacocks have beautiful
and colourful feathers. The crow and cuckoo
are black in colour. While the swans and
doves are white in colour. The duck, the stork and the swan are water
birds. The cuckoo and the nightingale are singing birds. Some birds
are reared by man for entertainment like parrot, dove, etc.
Choose the correct answer :
1. Birds live in __________.
(a) holes (b) nests
(c) homes (d) den
2. Birds eat __________.
(a) fruits (b) grains
(c) worms (d) all of these
3. The crow and cuckoo are __________ in colour.
(a) pink (b) brown
(c) black (d) white
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J.P.H. Junior GENERAL ENGLISH
4. Which one of the following is a singing bird ?
(a) Peacock (b) Cuckoo
(c) Swan (d) Dove
5. The opposite of beautiful is __________.
(a) smart (b) ugly
(c) clear (d) kind
(C) The sun, eight
planets, satellites and
some other celestial bodies
form the solar system. The
Sun is in the centre of the
solar system. The sun is
ultimate source of heat
and light for the solar
system. There are eight
planets in the solar
system. They are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus and Neptune. Mercury is the nearest planet to the sun.
Venus is considered as “earth’s-twin” because its size and shape are
very much similar to that of earth. Earth is the third nearest planet
to the sun. The earth is a unique planet in the solar system because
only this planet has life on it. It is also known as blue planet. Our
earth has only one natural satellite, that is the Moon.
Choose the correct answer :
1. How many planets are there in the solar system?
(a) Five (b) Seven
(c) Eight (d) Three
2. Which planet is known as “earth’s twin”?
(a) Venus (b) Mercury
(c) Jupiter (d) Mars
3. Which one of the following is the source of heat and light?
(a) Sun (b) Moon
(c) Mars (d) Mercury
4. The earth is also known as __________.
(a) Red planet (b) Blue planet
(c) Green planet (d) Brown planet
5. Which is the natural satellite of the earth ?
(a) Sun (b) Mercury
(c) Mars (d) Moon
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(D) Trees are very important for life
on earth. They give us flowers, fruits,
timber, bamboo, fuels, etc. We can rest
under the cool shade of a tree. We get
wood from the trees to make furniture,
doors, windows, etc. Trees are also a
great source of materials for paper,
rubber, gums, herbs and medicinal
plants. Forest brings clouds and cause
rainfall. Trees prevent soil erosion. They
protect us from severe weather. Trees
release oxygen which we need for our
life. They also absorb the carbon dioxide.
Trees are the natural habitat of many animals and birds. Thus,
trees play an important role in our life. We should preserve trees
and plants with great care.
Choose the correct answer :
1. We get __________ from trees to make furniture, doors and
windows.
(a) air (b) wood
(c) soil (d) flowers
2. Forest brings clouds and cause __________.
(a) soil erosion (b) rainfall
(c) deforestation (d) flood
3. Trees release __________ which we need for our life.
(a) carbon dioxide (b) oxygen
(c) hydrogen (d) all of these
4. Trees are the natural habitat of __________.
(a) animals (b) birds
(c) human (d) both (a) and (b)
5. The natural home of an organism is known as __________.
(a) habitat (b) source
(c) soil erosion (d) severe
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(E) A little seed for me to sow
A little earth to make it grow
A little hole, a little pat,
A little wish and that is that.
A little sun, a little shower,
A little while and then a flower ! Mabel Watts
Choose the correct answer :
1. What is the poet sowing ?
(a) Seed (b) Water
(c) Soil (d) Wish
2. A flower needs __________ to grow.
(a) sunlight (b) water
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these
3. A seed grows into a __________ with a flower.
(a) vegetable (b) plant
(c) fruit (d) none of these
4. What do we need for the seed to grow ?
(a) Soil (b) Garden
(c) Flower (d) Fruit
5. Which word in the poem means to touch gently ?
(a) Pat (b) Shower
(c) Earth (d) Hole
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WRITING
1 PARAGRAPH WRITING
(vuqPNsn ys[ku)
A paragraph (vuqPNsn) is a group of sentences that develop one
topic or idea. It is a great way to get children excited about writing.
The purpose of a paragraph is to express a speaker’s thoughts on a
particular topic in a clear way.
A paragraph has three parts :
1. The first part is called the topic sentence because it states
the topic of the paragraph.
2. The second part is called the supporting sentences that develop
the topic. This means that they explain the topic sentence in
detail.
3. The last part is called the concluding sentence. It summarises
the paragraph.
SHORT COMPOSITION
1. Myself
• My name is Rahul Sharma.
• I am 6 years old.
• I Iive in Tagore Garden.
• I read in Bal Mandir School in Class 1.
• My birthday is on 7th November.
• I have two siblings.
• My father is a doctor and mother is a housewife.
• I love to play with my friends.
• My favourite dish is noodles.
• My hobbies are painting and dancing .
2. My School
• My school is one of the best school of the city.
• It is a three-storeyed building.
• It has 40 classrooms.
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• All the classrooms are need and properly ventilated.
• There is a big playground in my school.
• I have many friends at my school.
• My school teachers are very kind and co-operative .
• We celebrate all festivals together at our school .
• There is a computer lab, science lab and a big library in my
school.
• I love to go to school daily.
3. My Best Friend
• My best friend name is Ankit.
• We are classmates.
• He is a well-mannered boy.
• He is very good in studies.
• We sit, study and play together at school.
• We also share lunch in school.
• He belongs to noble family.
• He is very kind and obedient.
• He helps me in my studies.
• He is loved by everyone.
4. My Mother
• My mother’s name is Anjali Sharma.
• She is 32 years old.
• She is a teacher.
• She is loving and caring.
• She helps me in my studies.
• She cooks delicious food.
• She is very active.
• She prepares me for school every morning.
• She teaches me good manners.
• She loves me a lot.
5. My Father
• My father’s name is Ashok Kumar.
• He is 35 years old.
• He is a business man.
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• He is an honest man.
• He takes care of my family.
• He is very hardworking.
• He also plays with me.
• He respects and helps everyone.
• He teaches me good manners.
• I love my father very much.
6. My Family
• I live in a nuclear family.
• I live with my father, mother and elder brother.
• My father works in a bank and my mother is a teacher.
• We celebrate all festivals together.
• My family teaches me good manners.
• All the family members love and respect each other.
• We all love to spend time with each other.
• My family goes for a picnic once in a month.
• I love all my family members.
• My family is a happy family.
7. The Cow
• The cow is a domestic animal.
• It has two eyes, two ears and four legs.
• It has two horns and a long tail.
• It eats green grass, husk and grains.
• It gives us milk.
• It lives in cowshed.
• It is black, brown and white in colour.
• It is found all over the world.
• The Hindus worship cow,
• It is a very useful animal.
8. My Pet Animal
• I have a pet dog.
• It’s name is Bruno.
• It is black and brown in colour.
• It has four legs and a bushy tail.
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• It has sharp teeth.
• It has long hair on its body.
• It likes to eat bread , meat and milk.
• It loves to play with a ball.
• It guards our home.
• It is a loyal animal.
9. My Teacher
• My favourite teacher’s name is Geeta Arora.
• She is my class teacher.
• She likes to wear saree.
• She is very caring and kind by nature.
• She teaches us about sharing and caring.
• She is very punctual.
• She uses easy and creative methods of teaching.
• She never scolds any child.
• She is very patient.
• All students loved her a lot.
10. Rainy Day
• I like rainy season the most among all the seasons.
• The weather becomes pleasant on a rainy day.
• I enjoy eating hot fries and tea.
• Rainy day is a boon for trees , birds and animals.
• A peacock also dances when it rains.
• On a rainy day, children love to play in the rain.
• It give us relief from the heat.
• The fruits and flowers on tress look fresh and colourful on a
rainy day.
• Sometimes, we see a rainbow on a rainy day.
• We use umbrella on a rainy day.
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LONG COMPOSITION
1. Our National Flag
The National Flag of India is a tri colour flag which is horizontally
rectangular. It has saffron at the top, white in the middle and green
at the bottom. Saffron color stands for bravery. The white colour
stands for peace and truth and the green colour stands for growth
and prosperity. There is also the Ashoka Chakra in the centre of our
flag. It is of navy blue colour.There are 24 spokes in Ashoka
Chakra.We all have to respect our national flag.
2. Life in a Village
Life in a village is very simple.The atmosphere in the village is
very peaceful.There is no noise or sound. The air is fresh and pure.
The villagers rise early in the morning. Most of the villagers are
farmers. They work hard in their fields. In the village, there are
mostly mud houses with thatched roof. There is just one school
between two or three villages. The villagers cook food on burning
wood or stove. They have to get water from a river or a well. The
villagers live peacefully here.
3. A Scene at Railway Station
Last Sunday, I had a chance to go to Delhi Railway Station.I
went with my father to see off my uncle.There was a great rush at
the booking windows.We reached the platform.There were tea stalls
and bookstalls.The hawkers were selling their wares.Coolies were
carrying luggage from one place to another.As soon as the train
arrived at the platform, there was even more confusion.People wanted
to get into the train before it had stopped. My uncle entered a
compartment and took a seat. The guard waved the green flag and
whistled.The train moved on. Then I returned home.
4. Importance of Books
Books play a very important role in everyone’s life. They are our
best companions as they provide us knowledge. We learn a lot of
things from them.They are best and honest guides.We should develop
a habit of reading books. It develops skills and improves vocabulary.
It also builds confidence. If we are on a long journey, books give us a
good company.Reading of books gives us a great pleasure. They help
us to learn the good and noble things of life.
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5. Dussehra
The Dussehra is one of the important festivals of Hindus. It is
also known as Vijayadashmi. It marks the victory of Lord Rama over
Ravana. In the northern parts of India, this festival lasts for ten
days. Ramlila is performed for nine days and on tenth day, huge
effigies of Ravana, Kumbhkarna and Meghnath are burnt in big
ground in the evening. It marks the victory of good over evil.
6. Holi
Holi is a spring festival. It is known as the festival of colours. It
comes in February or March. Holi celebrations start with bonefire
on the night before Holi. The next morning people and children play
with colours by throwing colours and balloons on each other. Women
prepare Gujiya and other dishes for the family. It brings feeling of
love and friendship and also for the relatives.
7. My Favourite Hobby
Hobby is a work which we do in our free time. It is a great way to
relax our mind.It differs from person to person . There are different
kinds of hobbies which include fishing, gardening, stamp collecting,
coin collecting, kite flying, drawing, singing, dancing, etc. My hobby
is gardening. There is a garden in my house. I grow fruits and
vegetables in it. In my small garden, I have also planted different
kinds of flowers plants like roses, marigold, jasmine. I water them
regularly.I love to spend time in my garden.
8. Morning Walk
Morning walk is very good for our health. Early to bed early to
rise keeps us healthy wealthy and wise. After waking up early, we
should go for a morning walk. It refreshes our mind. It strengthens
our body. Morning walk makes us active. It keeps us free from many
diseases. It is equally good for young and old. The dew drops, the
fresh flowers, the chirping birds charm our mind. Thus, morning
walk is useful not only for our body but for our mind and soul also.
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9. My Grandmother
My grandmother is an old woman. She is slim and tall. She wears
spectacles. She loves me a lot and I respect her very much. I am also greatly
attached to her. We eat our lunch together after I return from school. She is
very kind and generous lady. She always prays for the peace and prosperity
of our family.
10. An Ideal Student
Sahil is an ideal student. He is obedient, respectful, hard working and
well disciplined. He is sincere in his studies. He is the monitor of our class.
He takes part in games and other school acitivities. He also helps me in my
studies.He is obedient to his teachers and parents.
11. A Rainy Day In Summer
It was mid-June. Everybody was sweating to the skin. Suddenly, the
sky was overcast with the clouds. Soon it began to rain heavily. The roads
were flooded with water. There were traffic jams. The children came out in
the streets to have a bath. They were splashing muddy water on one another.
It became cool and pleasant. There was a relief from scorching heat. Drains,
tanks and ponds were filled with water. Frogs started croaking in ponds.
Trees and plants looked fresh and green.
12. Value of trees
Trees are important for our survival. They make the environment
beautiful and clean.We get many useful things from trees like timber,
medicines, herbs, fruits, etc. They take in carbon dioxide and give us oxygen.
They are not only useful for mankind but also useful for animals. They also
prevent soil erosion, drought and floods. They clean the air around us.Trees
are very important for our life, so we have to plant more and more trees.
13. Diwali
Diwali is a festival of lights . It is considered as one of the holiest and
biggest Hindu festival. It falls in the month of October or November. On this
day Lord Rama returned to Ayodhya after an exile of fourteen years. People
clean their houses and decorate it with decorative lights and diyas as Diwali
arrives.People wear news clothes on this festival .They exchange sweets and
gifts with their relatives and friends. At night, people worship Lakshmi , the
Goddess of wealth. This festival is the victory of good over evil.
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14. My Last Vacation
We all look forward to vacation time with enthusiasm and excitement, for
vacation brings relaxation and entertainment. I spent my last summer
vacation at Manali with my parents and my elder brother Shiv, who is four
years older than me. It was a week-long stay in a very pleasant weather. We
spent the first two days at the Solang Valley and also visited the Rohtang
Pass. The valley presented a feast of colours. My brother did paragliding on
our way back from the Rohtang Pass. Next we visited the gurdwara and the
ancient Ram temple at Manikaran. We also went rock-climbing and rafting
in the river Beas. Next day, we went local sightseeing. The last day we just
lazed about in our hotel and packed up for the return journey. We left Manali
with a heavy heart but brought back pleasant memories of our stay there.
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ FOR PRACTICE ★★ ★★ ★
Write paragraph on the following topics :
1. My Favourite Teacher
2. A Cricket Match
3. A Visit to a Zoo
4. A Birthday Party
5. My Best Friend
6. Computer–The Wonder Machine
7. My Favourite Season
8. Good Manners
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2
LETTER WRITING
(i=k&ys[ku)
A letter is a form of verbal and written communication, which
contains information or message, send by one party to another, to
convey the message. It is sent by one party to another to provide
certain important information. There are two types of letters i.e.,
Formal letters (vkSipkfjd i=k) and Informal letters (vukSipkfjd i=k). Letters
to officials are formal letters. It uses simple language, that can be
easy to read. Informal letters are written to friends and relatives
for personal communication. We should remember the following
important points while writing letters.
The address of the writer is written at the top left-hand corner of
the page. Just below the address, we mention the date on which the
letter is written :
118 Shamnath Road,
Civil Lines,
Shimla
14th June, 20xx
We can write the date in either of these two ways :
16th June, 20xx or as June 16, 20xx
Carefully note how we begin and end letters :
Beginning End
To relatives :
1. My dear Father / Mother Your loving son / daughter
Yours affectionately
2. My dear Brother / Sister Your loving brother / sister
Your affectionately
3. My dear Uncle / Aunt Your loving nephew / niece
Your affectionately
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To friends :
4. My dear Raj / Richa Yours sincerely
Dear Rajat / Poonam
To the Principal of a school :
5. Respected Sir / Madam Yours obediently
To Strangers :
6. Sir / Madam Yours faithfully
Dear Sir / Madam Yours truly
FORMAL LETTERS
1. Write an application to the Principal of your school for an
urgent piece of work at home.
The Principal
Shiksha Mandir Sr. Sec. School
Defence Enclave
Delhi-110051
Respected Sir/Madam
Most respectfully I beg to say that I have an urgent piece of work at
home. So, I cannot attend the school today. Kindly grant me leave
for one day. I shall be highly obliged to you.
Thanking you.
Yours obediently
Madhu Verma
Class-IV B
2. Write an application to the Principal of your school for sick
leave.
The Principal
Lovely Public School
Chander Nagar
New Delhi-110004
Respected Sir/Madam
Most respectfully I beg to say that, I am a student of Class III-A. I
have been suffering from fever since yesterday, so I cannot attend
the school. Kindly grant me leave for two days.
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Thanking you.
Yours obediently
Preeti Gupta
3. Write an application to the Principal of your school
requesting him/her to grant leave for four days on account of
your brother’s marriage.
The Principal
Sarvodaya Bal Vikas School
Malcha Marg
Delhi-110018
Respected Sir/Madam
With due respect, I have to state that my elder brother’s marriage is
scheduled on the 20th of this month. I therefore, request you to
grant me leave for three days i.e., from 19th to 21st of this month. I
would be very grateful to you.
Thanking you
Yours obediently
Sanjeev Kumar
Class IV-A
4. Write an application to the Principal of your school
requesting him/her to issue the school leaving certificate.
The Principal
Summer Field School
Lajpat Nagar,
New Delhi-110048
Respected Sir/Madam
Most respectfully I beg to say that I am a student of Class V-B of
your school. My father has been transferred to Kanpur. It is not
possible for me to study here.
I shall be highly obliged to you if you kindly issue the School Leaving
Cerfiticate at the earliest.
Thanking you
Yours obediently
Vijay Kumar
Class V-B
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5. Write an application to the Principal of your school
requesting him/her to grant full fee concession for free-
studenship.
The Principal
Rukmani Devi Co-Ed. Sr. Sec. School
JD Block, Pitampura
Delhi-110064
Respected Sir/Madam
Most respectfully I beg to say that I am a student of Class-V–C of
your school. My father works in a factory. He earns `10,000/- per
month. We are five members in our family. So, he is unable to pay
my school fee.
I have always been a good student. So, I request you to grant me full
fee concession. I shall be highly obliged to you.
Thanking you
Yours obediently
Monika Gupta
Class V-C
INFORMAL LETTERS
1. Write a letter to your uncle thanking him for the present,
he has sent you on your birthday.
204-B, Chander Nagar
New Delhi-110071
10th January, 20xx
My dear Uncle
I received your gift parcel yesterday which you sent me on my
birthday. I always wanted to have this kind of watch. It will always
remind me of your affection. It will make me punctual. Now, I shall
never be late for school. I am thankful to you for such a nice gift.
Pay my respect to aunt and love to Richa.
Yours affectionately
Rohan Choudhary
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2. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to spend
summer vacation with you.
17-A, Airport Road, Gurugram
9th January, 20xx
Dear Garima,
I am writing this letter to invite you to spend your summer vacation
at my place. We will visit Red Fort, zoo, museums, malls and many
other such places. I am sure that this will be an enjoyable experience
for you.
My parents will be glad to see you here. Please write to me when you
are coming.
Convey my regards to uncle and aunt.
Yours sincerely
Riya Rajput
3. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to attend
your birthday party.
251, Mannat Apartment
The Mall Road
Chennai.
15th June, 20....
Dear Neha
You will be glad to know that my birthday falls on 20th June. I am
going to celebrate my birthday at my residence. The birthday party
will start at 7.00 p.m. with cake cutting, followed by games, dance
and finally dinner. I have invited all my friends.
I hope you will also come and join my birthday party.
Convey my regards to uncle and aunt.
Yours lovingly
Rachna Arora
4. Write a letter to your brother wishing him good luck for his
examinations.
212, Jagat Puri,
Delhi-110051
March 20, 20xx
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Dear Puneet
Hope you are studying hard for your examinations. I am sure you
are making the best use of your time in preparing for your
examinations. I wish you the best of luck for your examinations. I
am sure that your hard work will bring excellent results.
Please remember to take good care of your health as well.
Convey my regards to mama and papa.
Yours affectionately
Sahil
5. Write a letter to your uncle telling him about your new
school.
110, The Mall Road
Gwalior (Cantt.)
Madhya Pradesh
My dear Uncle,
You know, Daddy got his posting in Gwalior and we have got a good
house in Gwalior Cantt. Daddy has put me in St. Joseph Sr. Sec.
School. My school has a huge campus with a library and two big
playgrounds. We have smart classes, music, dance, craft, gardening
and many other activities in my new school. Teachers here are very
caring and helpful. I like my new school very much.
Give my regards to aunt and love to Neelam.
Your affectionately
Rajat
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ FOR PRACTICE ★★ ★★ ★
1. Write a letter to your friend asking him/her to spend a weekend with you.
2. Write a letter to your parents telling them about your new school.
3. Write an application to the Principal asking for leave to go out of station.
4. Write an application to the Principal of your school seeking permission to skip
the half-yearly examination because you are down with jaundice.
5. Write a letter to your friend inviting him to visit Delhi.
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3
ESSAY WRITING
(fucaèk ys[ku)
An essay is a group of paragraphs written about single topic and
a central main idea. An essay has basic three parts : Introduction,
Body and Conclusion. Each parts has a specific purpose.
● Introduction : The purpose of the introduction is to give your
reader a clear idea of what your essay will cover.
● Body : This part of an essay consists of one or more paragraphs
following the introduction.
● Conclusion : This is the last paragraph in essay. It completes
the essay by giving brief summary of the main points of the
essay.statements.
1. A TRIP TO HILL STATION
It is very hot in Delhi during the summer. So, many people go to
some hill station in summer. During the last summer vacation, I
had a trip to Kashmir. It is heaven on earth. It is a land of wonder
and beauty.
My father was given a family pass, by Air India. We reached
Srinagar by air. Then we went to Chandan Wari. We enjoyed peace
in the lap of nature. We visited the Shalimar and Nishat Garden
also. There were grassy lawns and beautiful beds. There are many
fountains and fruit trees. We also enjoyed the beauty of the Dal
Lake. We saw houseboats and shikaras. We also visited many springs
in Kashmir.
Then we visited Pahalgam. It is nice camping ground. It is
surrounded by hills on all sides. We had snaps of the snow-covered
peaks. We stayed their for four days. The beauties of nature are still
green in my mind.
2. MAHATMA GANDHI
Mahatma Gandhi was was born on 2nd October, 1869, at Porbander
in Gujarat. His full name was Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi.He
was a great freedom fighter. His father was the Diwan of Rajkot .His
mother was a pious lady.
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He went to England to study law. He came back and became a
barrister at Bombay. Then he went to South Africa. In South Africa,
Indians were not treated properly, he fought for them. He went to jail
many times in the freedom struggle. He believed in Ahin- sa (Non-
violence). He freed India from the British rule in 1947. He lived a
simple life. He wore pure khadi. We also call him Bapu.
He was shot dead on 30th January, 1948. It was a great loss to
India and to the world as well. For his services and sacrifice for the
country he was named the Father of Nation.
3. IMPORTANCE OF HEALTHY FOOD
The famous proverb ‘Health is wealth’ reminds us about the
importance of good health. We should always try to take a balanced
diet which includes more vegetables and fruits in our daily life as
vegetables can provide nutrients vital for health and maintenance
of your body.
However busy we are on a day, we should never skip breakfasts
and should ideally have a light dinner. We are always fascinated by
the world of Burgers, Chips, fried chicken and soft drinks. These
foods are now correctly described as ‘Junk’.
In recent years, a growing trend towards vegetarianism has arisen
among young people due to their increasing awareness of health,
the environment and compassion for animals. We should avoid junk
foods and accept a healthy life style.
4. HOW I HELP MY MOTHER AT HOME
My mother is a very busy person. She looks after the entire
household work.She spends a lot of time in the kitchen preparing
one thing or the other for us. She helps us with or studies and
meets all our needs.
I also help my mother with the house work. Whenever we have
guests, I help her to serve the guests. Later, when the guest have
gone, I help her to put things back in order.
When we come back home after the school, my brother and I fold
our clothes and hang them at their respective places. I keep my
books and shoes in the racks. Whenever mother is free from her
work, she sits with me and my younger brother and play games and
teaches us too. I want to be helpful to her in everyway.
5. INDEPENDENCE DAY
15th August is a red letter day in the history of India. It is our
Independence Day. India became free on this day in 1947. It is
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celebrated as a National Festival. On August 15, 1947 the nation
celebrated this day at the Red Fort. Our Prime Minister Pt. Jawahar
Lal Nehru hoisted the National Flag and took the salute. He delivered
a message to the nation.
Since then it is celebrated every year at the Red Fort. The Prime
Minister hoists the flag. He delivers a message to the nation. Our
school also celebrates this day every year. The school building is
also decorated. The tricolour is hoisted in many schools on this day.
The school Principal delivers a speech on this occasion.
At night, all major Government buildings are nicely lit up.
6. MY FAVOURITE GAME
My favorite game is cricket. It is an outdoor game. It is played
between two teams. Each team contains 11 players. There are also
two umpires who make sure that players follow the rules of the
games. It is played on a field. There are many forms of this game like
test match, one day match and twenty-twenty.
In this game, there are two-part first is batting and the second is
bowling or fielding.
The team who won the toss that team decides what they want to
do first, bowling or batting. Fielding team does bowling to the
batsman. Matches contain over and each over contains 6 balls. The
team that scores more runs wins the game.
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ FOR PRACTICE ★★ ★★ ★
Write essay on the following topics :
1. Importance of trees
2. Spring season
3. Grandparents day
4. The Republic Day
5. My favourite teacher
6. My favourite book
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4
STORY WRITING
(dgkuh ys[ku)
Story writing is an art. It is basically a narrating of real or
imaginary events, involving real or imaginary people. A story is
generally designed to entertain or to convey a message.
Main points related to story writing :
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ There must be an interesting theme of the story.
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Read the given outlines very carefully and understand it.
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Don’t change the story, only reproduce it.
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ A suitable title should be written if it is not already given.
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ The moral of the story, if any, may be given.
1. A THIRSTY CROW
Outlines : A thirsty crow....looked
for water....found a pitcher....very less
water in it....picked up pebbles....put
them in the pitcher....water rose up.
Story : One day it was very hot.
A crow felt very thirsty. It flew from
place to place in search of water but
all in vain.
As it was flying over a garden, it saw a pitcher of water. There
was a little water in the pitcher. Its beak could not reach the water.
It became sad.
At last it thought of a plan. It saw some pebbles in the garden. It
put them one by one into the pitcher. The water rose up. It was
happy. It drank the water and flew away.
Moral : Where there is a will, there is a way. (tgk¡ pkg ogk¡ jkg)
Glossary : in search of = [kkst_ beak = pksap_ thought of a plan = ,d mik; lkspk_
pebbles = dadM+_ rose up = Åij vk x;kA
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2. A GREEDY DOG
Outlines : A greedy dog....stole
a piece of meat....going back to his
home....passed over the bridge....saw
his reflection....barked....lost his piece
of meat.
Story : Once, there was a dog.
He was very greedy. He stole a piece
of meat from a butcher’s shop.
The dog picked that piece and started going back to his home.
There was a bridge on the way to his home. When he was passing
over the bridge, he saw his own shadow in the water. He took it for
another dog with a piece of meat. His mouth watered. He wanted to
get that piece of meat also.
So, he started barking at his own shadow. When he opened his
mouth, his own piece of meat fell into the water. He was very sad.
The greedy dog lost his piece of meat.
Moral : Greed is a curse. (ykyp cqjh cyk gS)
Glossary : greedy = ykyph_ butcher’s shop = dlkbZ dh nqdku_ passing over a bridge
= iqy ij ls xqtjuk_ shadow = ijNkbZ_ mouth water = eq¡g esa ikuh HkjukA
3. THE FOX AND THE GRAPES
Outlines : A hungry fox....
searched here and there....saw a
bunch of grapes....too high....jumped
again and again....could not
reach....got tired.
Story : One day, a fox was very
hungry. He went here and there in
search of food. At last, he came to a
garden. He saw a bunch of grapes hanging from a grapevine. His
mouth started watering to see the grapes. He wanted to eat them.
He tried to reach them but they were too high. He jumped again
and again but could not reach them. At last, he got tired and said,
“These grapes are sour. I don’t want them.”
Moral : Grapes are sour. (vaxwj [kV~Vs gSa)
Glossary : hungry = Hkw[k yxuk_ here and there = bèkj mèkj_ ripe = iosQ gq,_ grapevine
= vaxwjksa dh csy_ in vain = O;FkZ_ sour = [kV~VkA
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4. THE FOX AND THE CROW
Outlines : A fox saw a crow with a
piece of cheese....wanted to have
it....flatter the crow....asked it to
sing....piece of cheese dropped
down....picked and ran.
Story : Once, there was a fox. He
was walking through the forest when
he saw a crow sitting on a tree branch
with a piece of cheese in its beak. He
wanted to have it.
He hit upon a plan. He began to flatter the crow. He said to the
crow, “You are such a pretty and clever bird. Your voice is very
sweet. Please sing me a song.”
The foolish crow felt flattered. It began to caw! caw!. The piece of
cheese dropped to the ground. The fox picked it up and ran away.
Moral : Beware of flatterers. (pkiywlksa ls lkoèkku jgks)
Glossary : forest = taxy_ flatter = pkiywlh djuk_ pretty = laqnj_ voice = vkok”k_ dropped
= fxjk nsukA
5. THE VAIN STAG
Outlines : A stag felt
thirsty....went to a pool....saw
his reflection....admire his horns
but did not like his legs
....hunter and hounds came
....stag rans for life....horns
stuck....stag killed.
Story : It was the month of
June. One day, a stag felt
thirsty. He went to a pool to drink water. He saw his reflection in the
water. He was pleased to see his horns. Then he saw his thin legs.
He did not like them. He began to curse God.
Just then a hunter came there with his hounds. The stag ran fast
to save his life. At last he reached a thick forest. Unluckily, his horns
got stuck in a bush. He tried his best to free himself but in vain.
Soon the hounds reached there. He said to himself, “Alas! My
beautiful horns are the cause of my death.” The hounds soon pounced
upon him and killed him.
Moral : All that glitters is not gold. (gj pedrh gqbZ ph”k lksuk ugha gksrhA)
Glossary : stage = ckjgflagk_ reflection = ijNkbZ_ curse = dksluk_ fast = rs”k_ unluckily
= nqHkkZX; ls_ got stuck = i¡Ql x,_ pounce = >iVuk_ hound = f'kdkjh oqQRrkA
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6. TWO FRIENDS AND THE BEAR
Outlines : Two friends....made a
plan....to go other city....promised to
help each other....passed through a
forest....saw a bear....became
afraid....climbed a tree....the other
lay down and saved his life.
Story : Once, there were two fast
friends. They were Rohan and
Sohan. They made a plan to go to other city. They passed through a
forest. They promised to help each other.
On the way they saw a bear coming towards them. They were
afraid. Rohan was selfish. He climbed up a tree. Sohan did not know
how to climb. He lay down on the ground. He held his breath to look
dead.
The bear came there and snuffed Sohan’s body. He took him for a
dead. He went away. Rohan came down. He said to Sohan, “What
did the bear say in your ear ?” Sohan said, “He advised me not to
trust a selfish friend.”
Moral : A friend in need is a friend indeed. (fe=k ogh tks eqlhcr esa dke
vk,)
Glossary : city = 'kgj_ promised = oknk fd;k_ selfish = LokFkhZ_ lay down = uhps ysV x;k_
held his breath = viuk lk¡l jksd fy;k_ snuffed = lw¡?kk_ trust = fo'okl djuk_ dead = ejk
gqvkA
7. THE LION AND THE MOUSE
Outlines : A lion was sleeping....a
little mouse started playing on his
body....lion disturbed it....lion caught in
a rope-net....mouse started cutting the
net....set the lion free....both happy.
Story : A lion was sleeping under a
shady tree. A mouse lived in a hole
near by. It came out and started to play
on it. The lion was disturbed and arose
from his sleep. He caught the mouse in his paw. The mouse requested
him to set it free. The lion let it go.
After a few days the lion was caught in a rope-net spread by the
hunter. He tried his best to free himself but in vain. He began to
roar. The mouse heard the roar of the lion and came there. It started
cutting the net with its sharp teeth. The lion escaped and thanked
the little mouse.
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Moral : Do good, find good. (dj Hkyk] gks Hkyk)
Glossary : hole = fcy_ nearby = ikl gh_ by chance = vpkud_ paw = iatk_ let it go =
mls NksM+ fn;k_ escaped = cpkuk_ roar = ngkM+uk_ sharp = rst_ thanked = èkU;okn fn;kA
8. THE HARE AND THE TORTOISE
Outlines : A hare and a
tortoise....hare was proud....of his
speed....decided to run a race....hare ran
fast....took a nap....tortoise walked
slowly and steadily....tortoise won the
race.
Story : Once upon a time, a hare
and a tortoise lived in a forest. The
hare was proud of his speed. One day,
he laughed at the tortoise for his slow speed. The tortoise could not
bear it. He asked the hare to run a race. The hare agreed.
Next morning, the race began. A winning post was fixed. The
hare ran very fast and very far. He was soon out of sight. He decided
to take rest for a while. He lay down under a shady tree to take a
nap.
The tortoise went on slowly and steadily. He reached the post.
The hare suddenly woke up and ran fast. But it was too late. The
tortoise was already there. The hare felt ashamed.
Moral : Slow and steady wins the race. (èkhek vkSj yxkrkj pyus okyk jsl
thrrk gSA)
Glossary : proud = ?keaM_ out of sight = n`f"V ls vks>y_ shady = Nk;knkj_ slowly =
èkhjs&èkhjs_ steadily = èkS;Z ls_ felt ashamed = yfTtr gqvk_ laughed = g¡lkA
9. GOD MERCURY AND THE WOODCUTTER
Outlines : A poor woodcutter....his axe
fells....God Mercury appeared....came out with
a golden axe ....a silver axe....refused....accepted
iron axe....Mercury pleased....gave all the three
axes.
Story : Once there was a woodcutter. He
used to cut trees in the woods in the forest.
One day he was cutting the wood on the bank
of a river. His axe fell into the river. He could
not take his axe out. He sat on the bank began
to weep. The God Mercury appeared. He asked
to the woodcutter, “Why are you weeping ?”
The woodcutter told him the whole story.
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The God dived. Soon he came out with a golden axe. The woodcutter
said, “It is not my axe.” Then the God dived again. He came out with
a silver axe. The woodcutter said, “It is not mine.”
The God dived for the third time. He came out with an iron axe.
The woodcutter took it gladly. The God was pleased with his honesty.
He gave him all the three axes as a reward.
Moral : Honesty is the best policy. (bZekunkjh lcls vPNh uhfr gS)
Glossary : woodcutter = ydM+gkjk_ axe = oqQYgkM+h_ wood = ydM+h_ dived = Mqcdh yxkbZ_
gladly = [kq'kh ls_ reward = bukeA
10. THE CAPSELLER AND THE MONKEYS
Outlines : A capseller....went to a
village....fell asleep....monkeys took
away the caps....throw down his own
cap....monkeys imitated....capseller
gathered....went happily.
Story : Once a capseller went to a
village to sell his caps. His way lay
through a forest. It was a hot summer
day. He got tired. He lay down under a shady tree to take rest. Soon
he fell asleep under the shadow of the tree.
Some monkeys lived on that tree. They saw the caps. They came
down and took away the caps one by one. The capseller woke up
after sometime. He found his caps missing. By chance, he looked up
and saw the monkeys wearing his caps. The capseller became sad.
Suddenly, he hit upon a plan to get back his caps. He took off his
own cap and threw it on the ground. The monkeys did the same as
they are imitators. The capsellers gathered his caps and went on
his way happily.
Moral : Where power falls, trick wins. (tgk¡ 'kfDr dke ugha djrh] ogk¡ pkykdh
dke dj tkrh gS)
Glossary : lay down = ysV x;k_ fell asleep = xgjh uhan lks x;k_ hit upon = lw>uk_ took-
off = mrkjh_ went on his way = vius ekxZ pyk x;k_ imitator = udy djus okykA
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ FOR PRACTICE ★★ ★★ ★
Given below are the outlines of stories. Develop them into readable stories.
1. A bee fell into a stream....a dove dropped a leaf....bee climbed over it and flew
away....a hunter aimed at the drove....the bee stung him....the dove save.
2. A narrow log over a stream....two goats came....met on the log....both had to
cross the stream....thought for a while....one lay down....the other crossed
over....then the first crossed the stream....both were happy.
3. A man hired an ass....its owner to carry goods....very hot day....they stopped on
the way....the man sat down in the shadow of the ass....owner demanded extra
money....quarrel....the ass ran away.
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5 PICTURE
COMPOSITION
(fp=k&o.kZu)
Pictures motivate us to express our views and ideas on what we
see. Picture composition generally develops the skill of observation
in students and enhances their ability to analyze a given picture
and write about it.
1. Look at this picture and answer the questions :
1. Which place is shown in this picture ?
(a) A park ✓ (b) A hospital
2. Who is having a notebook in his/her hand ?
(a) A boy (b) A girl ✓
3. How many children are playing ?
(a) Four ✓ (b) Six
4. Which of these is a naming word ?
(a) Children ✓ (b) Playing
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2. Look at this picture and write a few lines about it.
Use the words given below the picture.
Tree, flowers, clean, birds, butterflies, bees
1. This is a scene of a garden.
2. We see bees and butterflies hovering over flowers.
3. Two birds are sitting on a branch of a tree.
4. The garden is clean.
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ FOR PRACTICE ★★ ★★ ★
Look at this picture and write a few lines about it :
dark–overcast sky–pouring rain–strong wind–
children–mud puddles–umbrellas and raincoats
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