introduction introduction In pursuit of a comprehensive understanding of the visual landscape in George Town's tourist visitation areas, this Visual Impact Assessment study endeavors to achieve three primary research objectives. Firstly, the study aims to identify the distinctive characters and aesthetic values inherent in these areas, unraveling the visual allure that attracts tourists. Secondly, it seeks to assess the existing characters and aesthetic values of the tourist destination areas, providing a critical evaluation of their current visual impact. Finally, with a forward-looking perspective, the study aims to propose strategic enhancements to augment the characters and aesthetic values of George Town, ensuring a more captivating and sustainable tourist experience. Visual Impact Assessment (VIA) in George Town, Penang is driven by the imperative need to comprehensively understand and evaluate the visual aspects shaping this culturally rich and historically significant locale. As George Town stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, renowned for its unique blend of cultural heritage and contemporary vibrancy, the VIA is prompted by the necessity to ensure that future developments align with its distinctive character and aesthetic charm. By critically assessing the current visual landscape, this assessment may unveil key considerations for sustainable urban development, ensuring that the city's visual appeal remains an integral component of its identity while accommodating the evolving needs of its residents and visitors alike. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS INTRODUCTION BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 219
The construction of the Penang Bridge in 1985 significantly influenced the city's development, and this impact continued to be substantial in the 1990s. In the 1990s, George Town kept growing its industries, especially with the expansion of the Bayan Lepas free industrial zone. This period also marked the final phase of development for the Bayan Lepas free industrial zone. This growth attracted foreign investment and contribute to the city’s economic development. Development is becoming more active due to the repeal of the Rent Control Act, which contributed to heritage conservation in Malaysia in 1997. The act froze the development of a large number of such properties in the state. The population this year also showed a significant increase of 3.7%, making up 12% of the entire Penang population and leading to active development in the city and residential areas. UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX NATURAL AREA MODEST DEVELOPMENT SEMI DEVELOPMENT HEAVY DEVELOPMENT 1990 2000 ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS GRID OVERLAYS FOR DECADE COMPARISON NATURAL AREA MODEST DEVELOPMENT SEMI DEVELOPMENT HEAVY DEVELOPMENT 56% 9% 15% 20% 53% 14% 12% 21% 220
BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX George Town achieving UNESCO World Heritage status in 2008 was a major milestone. This acknowledgment emphasized its cultural significance, spurring efforts to preserve heritage and initiating active development in various areas. The tourism industry has developed rapidly within and beyond the boundary of the site since being declared a World Heritage Site. Tourist arrivals increased from 1.9 million in 1990 to 6 millions in 2010. In 2013, Think City reported that a shift in the structure of the local economy was evident, with an increase in tourism, hospitality, and creative industry-aligned services. In 2020, George Town likely saw ongoing projects improving transportation, roads, and utilities. It was a crucial step for the city's growth, enhancing overall infrastructure and supporting development. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS GEORGE TOWN 1990 - 2020 2010 2020 NATURAL AREA MODEST DEVELOPMENT SEMI DEVELOPMENT HEAVY DEVELOPMENT NATURAL AREA MODEST DEVELOPMENT SEMI DEVELOPMENT HEAVY DEVELOPMENT 45% 8% 12% 35% 30% 13% 5% 52% 221
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS CLAN JETTIES Nestled along the northeastern coast, these picturesque villages offer a captivating glimpse into the cultural tapestry of the region. Each jetty is named after a Chinese clan that initially settled in the area, contributing to the rich diversity and heritage of George Town. Built on stilts over the waters of the Malacca Strait, the Clan Jetties are a living testament to Penang's history, blending traditional architecture with a maritime way of life. The clans, originating from southern China, arrived in the 19th century, establishing these unique waterfront communities as centers of commerce, trade, and familial ties. Every individual jetty is linked to a distinct Chinese lineage or family, providing an intriguing insight into the diverse fabric of Penang's cultural legacy. George Town harbors a series of unique waterfront communities recognized as Clan Jetties. The need for a visual impact assessment in Clan Jetties is closely tied to environmental concerns. By evaluating the potential development, the assessment aids in making informed decisions that prioritize environmental conservation, sustainable development, and the longterm well-being of both the ecosystem and the local community. Welcome t W o elcome to 222
BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS CLAN JETTIES ONG JETTY LIM JETTY CHEW JETTY TAN JETTY LEE JETTY YEOH JETTY NEW JETTY The Seven Clan Jetties 223
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 View towards Ong Jetty View towards Ong Jetty View towards Ong Jetty View towards the sea View towards the sea View towards the sea View towards construction area View towards residences on stilts View towards a nearby temple ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ONG JETTY 224
INTIMATE VAST SMALL LARGE TIGHT EXPOSED ENCLOSED OPEN UNIFORM COMPLEX SIMPLE DIVERSE SMOOTH PRICKLY TEXTURED ROUGH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SLOPING ROLLING STRAIGHT SINUOUS ANGULAR CURVE M O NOCHROME GARISH MUTED COLOURFUL HAMONIOUS CHAOTIC BALANCED DISCORDANT DEAD BUSY STILL CALM RANDOM FORMAL ORGANIZED REGULAR DOMINANCE 33% COHERENCE 100% CONTAINMENT 67% BARRIERS 33% VISTA 00% FACILITIES HUMAN DENSITY BUILDING COMPOSITION DEVELOPMENT NATURAL ASSET CULTURAL ASSET AESTHETICAL HARMONY RESTORATION HYGIENE WASTE HANDLING UPKEEP SCALE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS VISUAL ASSESSMENT ENCLOSURE DIVERSITY TEXTURE FORM LINE COLOUR BALANCE MOVEMENT PATTERN MOBILITY AND SAFETY LANDSCAPE FEATURES AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 225
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 View towards Lim Jetty View towards Lim Jetty View towards Lim Jetty View towards residences on stilts View towards office buildings View towards Lim Jetty Temple View towards the sea View towards residences on stilts View towards residences on stilts ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS LIM JETTY 226
INTIMATE VAST SMALL LARGE TIGHT EXPOSED ENCLOSED OPEN U NIFORM COMPLEX SIMPLE DIVERSE SMOOTH PRICKLY TEXTURED ROUGH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SLOPING ROLLING STRAIGHT SINUOUS ANGULAR CURVE M O NOCHROME GARISH MUTED COLOURFUL H AMONIOUS CHAOTIC BALANCED DISCORDANT DEAD BUSY STILL CALM RANDOM FORMAL ORGANIZED REGULAR DOMINANCE 50% COHERENCE 25% CONTAINMENT 12% BARRIERS 62% VISTA 62% FACILITIES HUMAN DENSITY BUILDING COMPOSITION DEVELOPMENT NATURAL ASSET CULTURAL ASSET AESTHETICAL HARMONY RESTORATION HYGIENE WASTE HANDLING UPKEEP SCALE ENCLOSURE DIVERSITY TEXTURE FORM LINE COLOUR BALANCE MOVEMENT PATTERN MOBILITY AND SAFETY LANDSCAPE FEATURES AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX VISUAL ASSESSMENT 227
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 View towards Chew Jetty View towards Chew Jetty View towards Chew Jetty View towards residences on stilts View towards office buildings View towards Chew Jetty Temple View towards the sea View towards residences on stilts View towards residences on stilts ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS CHEW JETTY 4 7 6 8 2 1 3 228
INTIMATE VAST SMALL LARGE TIGHT EXPOSED ENCLOSED OPEN UNIFORM COMPLEX SIMPLE DIVERSE SMOOTH PRICKLY TEXTURED ROUGH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SLOPING ROLLING STRAIGHT SINUOUS ANGULAR CURVE M O NOCHROME GARISH MUTED COLOURFUL HAMONIOUS CHAOTIC BALANCED DISCORDANT DEAD BUSY STILL CALM RANDOM FORMAL ORGANIZED REGULAR DOMINANCE 00% COHERENCE 77% CONTAINMENT 33% BARRIERS 55% VISTA 33% FACILITIES HUMAN DENSITY BUILDING COMPOSITION DEVELOPMENT NATURAL ASSET CULTURAL ASSET AESTHETICAL HARMONY RESTORATION HYGIENE WASTE HANDLING UPKEEP SCALE ENCLOSURE DIVERSITY TEXTURE FORM LINE COLOUR BALANCE MOVEMENT PATTERN MOBILITY AND SAFETY LANDSCAPE FEATURES AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX VISUAL ASSESSMENT 229
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 View towards residences on stilts View towards Tan Jetty restaurant View towards Tan Jetty restaurant View towards the access of Tan Jetty View towards residences on stilts View towards residences on stilts View towards Tan Jetty View towards Tan Jetty View towards Tan Jetty ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS TAN JETTY 230
INTIMATE VAST SMALL LARGE TIGHT EXPOSED ENCLOSED OPEN UNIFORM COMPLEX SIMPLE DIVERSE SMOOTH PRICKLY TEXTURED ROUGH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SLOPING ROLLING STRAIGHT SINUOUS ANGULAR CURVE M O NOCHROME GARISH MUTED COLOURFUL HAMONIOUS CHAOTIC BALANCED DISCORDANT DEAD BUSY STILL CALM RANDOM FORMAL ORGANIZED REGULAR DOMINANCE 16% COHERENCE 16% CONTAINMENT 16% BARRIERS 66% VISTA 50% FACILITIES HUMAN DENSITY BUILDING COMPOSITION DEVELOPMENT NATURAL ASSET CULTURAL ASSET AESTHETICAL HARMONY RESTORATION HYGIENE WASTE HANDLING UPKEEP SCALE ENCLOSURE DIVERSITY TEXTURE FORM LINE COLOUR BALANCE MOVEMENT PATTERN MOBILITY AND SAFETY LANDSCAPE FEATURES AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX VISUAL ASSESSMENT 231
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 View towards residences on stilts View towards badminton court View towards the sea View towards the sea View towards residences on stilts View towards residences on stilts View towards the entrance of Lee Jetty View towards Lee Jetty View towards Lee Jetty ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS LEE JETTY 232
INTIMATE VAST SMALL LARGE TIGHT EXPOSED ENCLOSED OPEN UNIFORM COMPLEX SIMPLE DIVERSE SMOOTH PRICKLY TEXTURED ROUGH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SLOPING ROLLING STRAIGHT SINUOUS ANGULAR CURVE M O NOCHROME GARISH MUTED COLOURFUL HAMONIOUS CHAOTIC BALANCED DISCORDANT DEAD BUSY STILL CALM RANDOM FORMAL ORGANIZED REGULAR DOMINANCE 00% COHERENCE 75% CONTAINMENT 25% BARRIERS 25% VISTA 58% FACILITIES HUMAN DENSITY BUILDING COMPOSITION DEVELOPMENT NATURAL ASSET CULTURAL ASSET AESTHETICAL HARMONY RESTORATION HYGIENE WASTE HANDLING UPKEEP SCALE ENCLOSURE DIVERSITY TEXTURE FORM LINE COLOUR BALANCE MOVEMENT PATTERN MOBILITY AND SAFETY LANDSCAPE FEATURES AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX VISUAL ASSESSMENT 233
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 4 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 View towards residences on stilts View towards a commercial building View towards the signage of New Jetty View towards parking area View towards residences on stilts View towards residences on stilts View towards boardwalk to New Jetty View towards boardwalk to New Jetty View towards boardwalk to New Jetty ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS NEW JETTY 234
INTIMATE VAST SMALL LARGE TIGHT EXPOSED ENCLOSED OPEN UNIFORM COMPLEX SIMPLE DIVERSE SMOOTH PRICKLY TEXTURED ROUGH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SLOPING ROLLING STRAIGHT SINUOUS ANGULAR CURVE M O NOCHROME GARISH MUTED COLOURFUL HAMONIOUS CHAOTIC BALANCED DISCORDANT DEAD BUSY STILL CALM RANDOM FORMAL ORGANIZED REGULAR DOMINANCE 00% COHERENCE 00% CONTAINMENT 00% BARRIERS 50% VISTA 100% FACILITIES HUMAN DENSITY BUILDING COMPOSITION DEVELOPMENT NATURAL ASSET CULTURAL ASSET AESTHETICAL HARMONY RESTORATION HYGIENE WASTE HANDLING UPKEEP SCALE ENCLOSURE DIVERSITY TEXTURE FORM LINE COLOUR BALANCE MOVEMENT PATTERN MOBILITY AND SAFETY LANDSCAPE FEATURES AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX VISUAL ASSESSMENT 235
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 View towards residences on stilts View towards building exterior of Yeoh Jetty View towards boardwalk of Yeoh Jetty View towards temple on stilts View towards residences on stilts View towards temple on stilts View towards Yeoh Jetty View towards Yeoh Jetty View towards Yeoh Jetty ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS YEOH JETTY 236
INTIMATE VAST SMALL LARGE TIGHT EXPOSED ENCLOSED OPEN U NIFORM COMPLEX SIMPLE DIVERSE SMOOTH PRICKLY TEXTURED ROUGH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SLOPING ROLLING STRAIGHT SINUOUS ANGULAR CURVE M O NOCHROME GARISH MUTED COLOURFUL H AMONIOUS CHAOTIC BALANCED DISCORDANT DEAD BUSY STILL CALM RANDOM FORMAL ORGANIZED REGULAR DOMINANCE 66% COHERENCE 66% CONTAINMENT 100% BARRIERS 66% VISTA 56% FACILITIES HUMAN DENSITY BUILDING COMPOSITION DEVELOPMENT NATURAL ASSET CULTURAL ASSET AESTHETICAL HARMONY RESTORATION HYGIENE WASTE HANDLING UPKEEP SCALE ENCLOSURE DIVERSITY TEXTURE FORM LINE COLOUR BALANCE MOVEMENT PATTERN MOBILITY AND SAFETY LANDSCAPE FEATURES AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX VISUAL ASSESSMENT 237
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 View towards the ferry port View towards office buildings View towards the bridge of Pengkalan Raja Tun Uda View towards the sea View towards the ferry port View towards the ferry port View towards ferry terminal View towards ferry terminal View towards ferry terminal ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS PENGKALAN RAJA TUN UDA 238
INTIMATE VAST SMALL LARGE TIGHT EXPOSED ENCLOSED OPEN U NIFORM COMPLEX SIMPLE DIVERSE SMOOTH PRICKLY TEXTURED ROUGH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SLOPING ROLLING STRAIGHT SINUOUS ANGULAR CURVE M O NOCHROME GARISH MUTED COLOURFUL H AMONIOUS CHAOTIC BALANCED DISCORDANT DEAD BUSY STILL CALM RANDOM FORMAL ORGANIZED REGULAR DOMINANCE 63% COHERENCE 63% CONTAINMENT 00% BARRIERS 45% VISTA 54% FACILITIES HUMAN DENSITY BUILDING COMPOSITION DEVELOPMENT NATURAL ASSET CULTURAL ASSET AESTHETICAL HARMONY RESTORATION HYGIENE WASTE HANDLING UPKEEP BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX SCALE ENCLOSURE DIVERSITY TEXTURE FORM LINE COLOUR BALANCE MOVEMENT PATTERN MOBILITY AND SAFETY LANDSCAPE FEATURES AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS VISUAL ASSESSMENT 239
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS PADANG KOTA LAMA The visual assessment in Padang Kota Lama offers a holistic understanding for sustainable decisions on the well-being of the ecosystem, community, and cultural heritage. It aids in preserving the historical and cultural richness, ensuring harmony between urban development and heritage conservation. The historical and cultural district of Padang Kota Lama, popularly called Esplanade, is situated in the center of George Town. Padang Kota Lama was a significant location during the colonial era and has historical value. Built by Captain Francis Light in the latter part of the 18th century. This peaceful spot allows guests to take in the historical ambiance and the sea wind. Another noteworthy structure that combines Victorian and Moorish architectural elements is the Queen Victoria Memorial Clock Tower, which was constructed in 1897 to commemorate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. The location offers an insight into the colonial past of the area. A well-liked location for tourists, the beach along Padang Kota Lama provides stunning views of the ocean. Welcome t W o elcome to 240
BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS PADANG KOTA LAMA QU EEN VICTORIA MEMORIAL CLOCK TOWE R PENANG CITY HALL FIELD OFPADANG KOTALAMA PENANG LITTLE INDIA Padang Kota Lama 241
4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX View towards the Penang Malay chamber commercial building View towards the clock tower View towards the clock tower View towards commercial building View towards the clock tower View towards junction View towards the building View towards the Penang Malay chamber commercial building View towards the Clock Tower ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS QUEEN VICTORIA MEMORIAL CLOCK TOWER 242
INTIMATE VAST SMALL LARGE TIGHT EXPOSED ENCLOSED OPEN U NIFORM COMPLEX SIMPLE DIVERSE SMOOTH PRICKLY TEXTURED ROUGH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SLOPING ROLLING STRAIGHT SINUOUS ANGULAR CURVE M O NOCHROME GARISH MUTED COLOURFUL H AMONIOUS CHAOTIC BALANCED DISCORDANT DEAD BUSY STILL CALM RANDOM FORMAL ORGANIZED REGULAR DOMINANCE 61% COHERENCE 44% CONTAINMENT 39% BARRIERS 89% VISTA 17% FACILITIES HUMAN DENSITY BUILDING COMPOSITION DEVELOPMENT NATURAL ASSET CULTURAL ASSET AESTHETICAL HARMONY RESTORATION HYGIENE WASTE HANDLING UPKEEP SCALE ENCLOSURE DIVERSITY TEXTURE FORM LINE COLOUR BALANCE MOVEMENT PATTERN MOBILITY AND SAFETY LANDSCAPE FEATURES AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX VISUAL ASSESSMENT 243
4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX View towards Penang Town Hall View towards the Penang City Hall View towards the Penang City Hall View towards the Penang Town Hall View towards Penang city Hall View towards Penang city Hall View towards Penang City Hall View towards Penang City Hall View towards Penang City Hall ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS PENANG CITY HALL 244
INTIMATE VAST SMALL LARGE TIGHT EXPOSED ENCLOSED OPEN U NIFORM COMPLEX SIMPLE DIVERSE SMOOTH PRICKLY TEXTURED ROUGH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SLOPING ROLLING STRAIGHT SINUOUS ANGULAR CURVE M O NOCHROME GARISH MUTED COLOURFUL H AMONIOUS CHAOTIC BALANCED DISCORDANT DEAD BUSY STILL CALM RANDOM FORMAL ORGANIZED REGULAR DOMINANCE 100% COHERENCE 75% CONTAINMENT 13% BARRIERS 75% VISTA 25% FACILITIES HUMAN DENSITY BUILDING COMPOSITION DEVELOPMENT NATURAL ASSET CULTURAL ASSET AESTHETICAL HARMONY RESTORATION HYGIENE WASTE HANDLING UPKEEP SCALE ENCLOSURE DIVERSITY TEXTURE FORM LINE COLOUR BALANCE MOVEMENT PATTERN MOBILITY AND SAFETY LANDSCAPE FEATURES AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX VISUAL ASSESSMENT 245
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS FIELD OF PADANG KOTA LAMA 5 6 9 View towards the ferry dock View from pathway towards the field View from pathway towards the field View from pathway towards the field View towards the ferry dock View towards the ferry dock View towards the field View towards the field View towards the field 8 1 2 3 4 7 246
INTIMATE VAST SMALL LARGE TIGHT EXPOSED ENCLOSED OPEN U NIFORM COMPLEX SIMPLE DIVERSE SMOOTH PRICKLY TEXTURED ROUGH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SLOPING ROLLING STRAIGHT SINUOUS ANGULAR CURVE M O NOCHROME GARISH MUTED COLOURFUL H AMONIOUS CHAOTIC BALANCED DISCORDANT DEAD BUSY STILL CALM RANDOM FORMAL ORGANIZED REGULAR DOMINANCE 73% COHERENCE 64% CONTAINMENT 18% BARRIERS 82% VISTA 27% FACILITIES HUMAN DENSITY BUILDING COMPOSITION DEVELOPMENT NATURAL ASSET CULTURAL ASSET AESTHETICAL HARMONY RESTORATION HYGIENE WASTE HANDLING UPKEEP SCALE ENCLOSURE DIVERSITY TEXTURE FORM LINE COLOUR BALANCE MOVEMENT PATTERN MOBILITY AND SAFETY LANDSCAPE FEATURES AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX VISUAL ASSESSMENT 247
4 5 6 1 2 3 View towards heritage buildings UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX View towards the road View towards the entrance View towards commercial buildings ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS PENANG LITTLE INDIA 7 8 9 View towards Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Islam View towards commercial buildings View towards museum View towards commercial buildings View towards Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Islam 248
DOMINANCE 33% COHERENCE 33% CONTAINMENT 22% BARRIERS 33% VISTA 11% FACILITIES HUMAN DENSITY BUILDING COMPOSITION DEVELOPMENT NATURAL ASSET CULTURAL ASSET AESTHETICAL HARMONY RESTORATION HYGIENE WASTE HANDLING UPKEEP MOBILITY AND SAFETY LANDSCAPE FEATURES AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE INTIMATE VAST SMALL LARGE TIGHT EXPOSED ENCLOSED OPEN U NIFORM COMPLEX SIMPLE DIVERSE SMOOTH PRICKLY TEXTURED ROUGH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SLOPING ROLLING STRAIGHT SINUOUS ANGULAR CURVE M O NOCHROME GARISH MUTED COLOURFUL H AMONIOUS CHAOTIC BALANCED DISCORDANT DEAD BUSY STILL CALM RANDOM FORMAL ORGANIZED REGULAR SCALE ENCLOSURE DIVERSITY TEXTURE FORM LINE COLOUR BALANCE MOVEMENT PATTERN ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX VISUAL ASSESSMENT 249
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BUKIT BENDERA Welcome t W o elcome to Located about 2,723 feet above sea level, the hill provides a cool escape from the heat of the lowlands. Situated near Penang's capital, George Town, it's on the outskirts of Air Itam and is a highly visited tourist spot. The George Town skyline and beach stretches are particularly captivating at dawn and dusk from this hill. Visitors can observe the entire city of Georgetown and the greenery on Bukit Bendera's surface from the summit. Such viewpoints also help in recognizing historical and cultural landmarks, fostering responsible tourism. Monitoring biodiversity, identifying green spaces, and assessing the impact of human activities become feasible, aiding in sustainable urban development. The bird's eye view of George Town, offers unique view crucial for urban planning. A comprehensive visual assessment from this location raises awareness about the importance of preserving the city's heritage and natural surroundings. Elevated perspectives reveal urban sprawl, infrastructure development, green spaces, and potential environmental challenges. Bukit Bendera, also known as Bukit Pulau Pinang, is a popular hill in Penang, Malaysia. 250
BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX Bukit Bendera ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BUKIT BENDERA BY PATH A ASTAKA CLIFF CAFE THIRUMURUGAN HINDU TEMPLE BY PATH B 251
4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX View towards wooded area View towards the lower levels of Bukit Bendera View towards the lower levels of Bukit Bendera View towards the lower levels of Bukit Bendera View towards wooded area View towards residences on stilts View towards Thirumurugan Temple View towards the Astaka Cliff Cafe View towards the Astaka Cliff Cafe ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS THIRUMURUGAN HINDU TEMPLE 252
INTIMATE VAST SMALL LARGE TIGHT EXPOSED ENCLOSED OPEN U NIFORM COMPLEX SIMPLE DIVERSE SMOOTH PRICKLY TEXTURED ROUGH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SLOPING ROLLING STRAIGHT SINUOUS ANGULAR CURVE M O NOCHROME GARISH MUTED COLOURFUL H AMONIOUS CHAOTIC BALANCED DISCORDANT DEAD BUSY STILL CALM RANDOM FORMAL ORGANIZED REGULAR DOMINANCE 19% COHERENCE 57% CONTAINMENT 29% BARRIERS 87% VISTA 87% NATURAL SETTING BIODIVERSITY RESTORATION DEVELOPMENT/ URBAN DENSITY ARCHITECTURAL IDENTITY MAINTENANCE & CLEANLINESS HUMAN INTEFERENCE HUMAN DENSITY SCALE ENCLOSURE DIVERSITY TEXTURE FORM LINE COLOUR BALANCE MOVEMENT PATTERN LANDSCAPE FEATURES AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX VISUAL ASSESSMENT 253
4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX View towards the Astaka Cliff Cafe View towards greenery View towards the sea View towards George Town city View from inside the Astaka Cliff Cafe View from inside the Astaka Cliff Cafe View towards George Town city View towards George Town city View towards George Town city ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ASTAKA CLIFF CAFE 254
INTIMATE VAST SMALL LARGE TIGHT EXPOSED ENCLOSED OPEN U NIFORM COMPLEX SIMPLE DIVERSE SMOOTH PRICKLY TEXTURED ROUGH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SLOPING ROLLING STRAIGHT SINUOUS ANGULAR CURVE M O NOCHROME GARISH MUTED COLOURFUL H AMONIOUS CHAOTIC BALANCED DISCORDANT DEAD BUSY STILL CALM RANDOM FORMAL ORGANIZED REGULAR DOMINANCE 11% COHERENCE 56% CONTAINMENT 22% BARRIERS 78% VISTA 22% NATURAL SETTING BIODIVERSITY RESTORATION DEVELOPMENT/ URBAN DENSITY ARCHITECTURAL IDENTITY MAINTENANCE & CLEANLINESS HUMAN INTEFERENCE HUMAN DENSITY SCALE ENCLOSURE DIVERSITY TEXTURE FORM LINE COLOUR BALANCE MOVEMENT PATTERN LANDSCAPE FEATURES AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX VISUAL ASSESSMENT 255
4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX View towards hiking track View towards roadway to By Path B View towards the Astaka Cliff Cafe View towards lodging area View towards hiking track View towards hiking track View towards George Town city View towards George Town city View towards George Town city ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BY PATH A 256
INTIMATE VAST SMALL LARGE TIGHT EXPOSED ENCLOSED OPEN U NIFORM COMPLEX SIMPLE DIVERSE SMOOTH PRICKLY TEXTURED ROUGH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SLOPING ROLLING STRAIGHT SINUOUS ANGULAR CURVE M O NOCHROME GARISH MUTED COLOURFUL H AMONIOUS CHAOTIC BALANCED DISCORDANT DEAD BUSY STILL CALM RANDOM FORMAL ORGANIZED REGULAR DOMINANCE 42% COHERENCE 58% CONTAINMENT 8% BARRIERS 83% VISTA 17% NATURAL SETTING BIODIVERSITY RESTORATION DEVELOPMENT/ URBAN DENSITY ARCHITECTURAL IDENTITY MAINTENANCE & CLEANLINESS HUMAN INTEFERENCE HUMAN DENSITY SCALE ENCLOSURE DIVERSITY TEXTURE FORM LINE COLOUR BALANCE MOVEMENT PATTERN LANDSCAPE FEATURES AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX VISUAL ASSESSMENT 257
4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX View towards hiking track View towards roadway to By Path A View towards lodging area View towards first wagon View towards trekking track View towards wooded area View towards George Town city View towards George Town city View towards George Town city ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BY PATH B 258
INTIMATE VAST SMALL LARGE TIGHT EXPOSED ENCLOSED OPEN U NIFORM COMPLEX SIMPLE DIVERSE SMOOTH PRICKLY TEXTURED ROUGH VERTICAL HORIZONTAL SLOPING ROLLING STRAIGHT SINUOUS ANGULAR CURVE M O NOCHROME GARISH MUTED COLOURFUL H AMONIOUS CHAOTIC BALANCED DISCORDANT DEAD BUSY STILL CALM RANDOM FORMAL ORGANIZED REGULAR DOMINANCE 27% COHERENCE 46% CONTAINMENT 55% BARRIERS 46% VISTA 36% NATURAL SETTING BIODIVERSITY RESTORATION DEVELOPMENT/ URBAN DENSITY ARCHITECTURAL IDENTITY MAINTENANCE & CLEANLINESS HUMAN INTEFERENCE HUMAN DENSITY SCALE ENCLOSURE DIVERSITY TEXTURE FORM LINE COLOUR BALANCE MOVEMENT PATTERN LANDSCAPE FEATURES AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX VISUAL ASSESSMENT 259
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS GRID OVERLAYS OF VIEW FROM THIRUMURUGAN HINDU TEMPLE 260
0% 45.4% 0% 54.6% No heavy development can be seen from this view. It is because the bird's eye view point of view in this area is protected by vegetation cover or natural resources such as forests, hills and mountains. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS DEVELOPMENT COMPARISON BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX HEAVY DEVELOPMENT Modest development from a bird's eye view point of view can be seen clearly. However, only a little development can be seen. This is because nature dominates the area around Bukit Bendera. MODEST DEVELOPMENT From the point of view of this bird's eye view, any semi-development cannot be seen because it is also protected and obstructed by natural cover such as forests, hills and mountains. SEMI-DEVELOPMENT From a bird's eye view of this area, the natural area dominates the majority in Bukit Bendera. Forest areas, and hills are still well preserved. This is because the stakeholders do not allow any type of human activity that may affect the sustainability of nature in Bukit Bendera to be carried out. NATURAL AREA 261
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS GRID OVERLAYS OF VIEW FROM BY PATH A 262
22.4% 0% 0% 77.6% From a bird's eye view of this area, you can clearly see the city of George Town. Development is very dense in this area with the existence of various types of tall buildings, residential areas, employment and transportation sectors. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS DEVELOPMENT COMPARISON BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX HEAVY DEVELOPMENT There is a vast expanse of untouched natural surroundings. Trees and towering hills obstruct the panoramic view, serving as a testament to the preservation of natural resources in the area. The presence of numerous unexplored forested areas and untouched hills attests to a commitment to maintaining the environment, as these spaces remain unaltered by developmental activities. MODEST DEVELOPMENT As for the bird's eye view of this area, semi development cannot be seen because only heavy development can be seen. Heavy development can be seen in the urban area of George Town. While semi development cannot be seen clearly from this point of view. SEMI-DEVELOPMENT The natural landscape outweighs the level of development. Vast expanses of untouched natural areas dominate, underscoring the limited extent of humanmade structures and urbanization in this locale. The prevailing scenes showcase lush greenery, sprawling landscapes emphasizing the harmonious coexistence of nature and development evident in the area. NATURAL AREA 263
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS GRID OVERLAYS OF VIEW FROM BY PATH B 264
11.9% 8.5% 0% 79.6% The city of George Town can be seen clearly from this viewpoint. The existence of the city of George Town proves that heavy development is also in this area. The existence of high building construction, the transport sector, residential areas and so on cause the level of development in this city to be very dense. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS DEVELOPMENT COMPARISON BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX HEAVY DEVELOPMENT A simple development from a bird's eye view can be clearly seen. However, little progress can be seen. This is because nature dominates the area around Bukit Bendera. From this point of view, only the development of lodging areas can be seen clearly MODEST DEVELOPMENT From bird eye view perspective of this region, only heavy development is visible, making semi-development invisible. In George Town, there is a lot of urban growth. However, from this vantage point, semi-development is not readily apparent. SEMI-DEVELOPMENT The natural landscape for this area is very vast. Natural resources such as forests, hills and mountains can be clearly seen. There is no human disturbance in this area. This causes the natural area to dominate the bird's eye view. NATURAL AREA 265
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS GRID OVERLAYS OF VIEW FROM ASTAKA CLIFF CAFE 266
16.4% 0% 0% 83.6% The significant extent of development is perceptible only from a distance, particularly when beholding the panoramic view that encompasses George Town city. The cityscape exhibits extensive development and a sophisticated infrastructure network that collectively characterizes this metropolitan hub ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS DEVELOPMENT COMPARISON BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX HEAVY DEVELOPMENT Modest development from this point of view cannot be seen clearly. This is because the view is protected or obstructed by natural resources such as forests, hills and mountains. Only heavy development can be seen clearly from this point of view. MODEST DEVELOPMENT From bird eye view perspective of this region, only heavy development is visible, making semi-development invisible. In George Town, there is a lot of urban growth. However, from this vantage point, semi-development is not readily apparent. SEMI-DEVELOPMENT The amount of development is dwarfed by the natural environment. Large stretches of unspoiled wilderness predominate, highlighting how little manmade infrastructure and civilization there is. The scenes that predominate highlight the area's healthy cohabitation of development and environment through their expansive, lush foliage. NATURAL AREA 267
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX Human density is the most noticeable characteristic in the Clan Jetty area across the three photos (P1, P2, and P3) and continuously receives the highest score. In contrast, features like amenities, development, waste treatment, and mobility safety receive lower values. For instance, in P1, facilities scored 2.96 and human density scored 4.09; in P2, on the other hand, facilities scored 2.85 and human density scored 4.28, respectively, making human density the most dominant category. In P3, human density is the most dominant factor once more, scoring 3.98, while facilities have the lowest value of 2.96. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS DISCUSSION ON CLAN JETTIES P1 P2 P3 View towards Tan Jetty View towards Lee Jetty View towards Chew Jetty CLAN JETTIES MOBILITY SAFETY FACILITIES HUMAN DENSITY BUILDING COMPOSOTION DEVELOPMENT NATURAL ASSETS CULTURAL ASSESTS AESTHETICAL HARMONY RESTRORATION HYGIENE WASTE HANDLING UPKEEP P1 P2 P3 5 4 3 2 1 0 268