Integrated Environmental Management Fieldwork

EK 7 WEEK 8 WEEK 9 WEEK 10 WEEK 11 WEEK 12 WEEK 13 WEEK 14 PVI5G G 1 6 6 PVI7M 13 0 13 M 1 14 14 PVI6H 6 0 6 H 2 8 8 PVI6I 8 0 8 I 1 9 9 PVI6J 9 0 9 J 1 10 10 PROJECT NETWORK VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 9 PVI7K 10 0 10 K 2 12 12 PVI7L 12 0 12 L 1 13 13

BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 80 VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY PROGRESS TRACKER VIA SHEET FOR PADANG KOTA LAMA & CLAN JETTIES VIA SHEET FOR BUKIT BENDERA VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SHEET

UN OPERATIONAL WORKFLOW IVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 81 1 3 5 2 4 Examine the literature review and prior studies on George Town's solid waste management practices. Identify key elements of interest to incorporate into questionnaire items. Review and adopt the previous survey items focusing on the selected key elements of interest. Utilize dedicated websites to gather information about recycling centers in the George Town area. These websites strategically emphasize how easily accessible the locations are to customers and take into account customer feedback on the convenience and quality of the recycling centers. Integrate a set of 8 items that align with solid waste management practices. This expanded questionnaire aims to assess the environmental concern levels within the local community and the tourist, providing a nuanced understanding of their perspectives and attitudes towards solid waste management. Seek consultation and submit the questionnaire form to experts for validation, ensuring both face and content validity. Conduct a pilot study to confirm the clarity of survey statements among the target population, thereby ensuring the reliability of the questionnaire. Prioritize ethics during questionnaire implementation. Analyze and report the descriptive and inferential statistical findings. Structure the open-ended responses into brief, comprehensible phrases that can be easily categorized and themed. Highlight key findings and discuss their significance. Address the contributions, limitations, and propose potential avenues for future research. Review of Existing Literature Key Elements of Interest. SWM Practices Validity and Reliability. Analyze, Discuss and Report. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDY

Preparation of research instrument in alignment with General Research Activity (GRA). Collect primary data through conducting survey with local and tourist and secondary data from official websites. Store and organized the data collected for the visualisation and analysation process. Identify the trend of solid waste management practices among local and tourist to answer the objectives targetted. Highlight the weaknesses or area of improvement from the findings. Propose recommendation to improve selected area based on the findings. To identify solid waste management practices among locals and tourists in George Town. ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDY GOAL ACTION PLAN 1.1 ORGANIZATION OBJECTIVE 1.0 To assess the solid waste management practices among local and tourist based on gender, age group, income and education. OBJECTIVE 2.0 To propose recommendations derived from the analysis findings for enhancing solid waste management practices among local and tourist. OBJECTIVE 3.0 The overarching goal of this research is to comprehensively investigate the current solid waste management practices in George Town, with a focus on both locals and tourists. ACTION PLAN 1.2 ACTION PLAN 2.1 ACTION PLAN 2.2 ACTION PLAN 3.1 ACTION PLAN 3.2 82 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDY STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX

ID CODE ACTIVITY NAME DUR week Start Date End Date 1 PSW1 Fieldwork Instrument Development 1 08/10/23 15/10/23 A PSW1A BEMX Discussion 0 08/10/23 15/10/23 R R R R R R R B PSW1B Survey Development, Consultation and Amendment 1 08/10/23 15/10/23 C C R S R S S S S 2 PSW2 Fieldwork Instrument Validation and Correction 1 16/10/23 22/10/23 C PSW2C Validation, Improvement & Finalization Survey Form 1 16/10/23 22/10/23 C R S S S S S S 3 PSW3 Feasibility Study and Development of Online Database 1 23/10/23 29/10/23 D PSW3D Online Database, Feasibility Study, Presentation, Revision and Finalization 1 23/10/23 29/10/23 C C R R R R R R R 4 PSW4 Fieldwork Implementation and Execution 1 30/10/23 05/11/23 E PSW4D Execution of Local Survey (10 samples per Enumerator) & Online Data Entry 1 30/10/23 05/11/23 R R R R R R R 5 PSW5 Data Cleaning, Sorting, Analyzing and Reporting 2 06/11/23 19/11/23 F PSW5F Data Cleaning, Sorting, Collation, Analysis and Visualization 1 06/11/23 12/11/23 R S S S S S S G PSW5G Consultation with Course Coordinators & Field Experts 1 13/11/23 19/11/23 C C C R S S S S S S 6 PSW6 Report Writing and Exhibition Preparation 4 20/11/23 24/12/23 H PSW6H Report Writing, Exhibition Plan and Consultation 2 20/11/23 03/12/23 C C R S S S S S S I PSW6I Finalize and Format of Report and Exhibition Work 1 11/12/23 17/12/23 R S S S S S S J PSW6J Handover of Final Draft to Publicity Team 1 18/12/23 24/12/23 R S S S S S S 7 PSW7 Report Submission, Exhibition and Retrospectives 4 25/12/23 21/01/24 K PSW7K Improve Report and Commence Exhibition Work, Submission of Report 2 25/12/23 07/01/23 R S S S S S S L PSW7L Execute Exhibition 1 08/01/23 14/01/23 R R R R R R R M PSW7M Team Evaluation and Retrospectives 1 15/01/23 21/01/23 R R R R R R R 83 | A= APPROVAL | C = CONSULT | M = MONITOR | R = RESPONSIBLE | S = SUPPORT | CO.LEC2 PM.SWM S&R.SWM R&D.SWM T&A.SWM V&H.SWM R&P.SWM EX.LEC CO.LEC1 CL.BPM TR.BPM S&C.SWM | CO.LEC = COURSE COORDINATOR | EX.LEC = FIELD EXPERT | RESPONSIBILITY MATRIX UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX SOLID WATE MANAGEMENT STUDY

84 NETWORK INFORMATION ID CODE ACTIVITY NAME DURATION (week) PREDECESSOR 1 PSW1 Fieldwork Instrument Development 1 A PSW1A BEMX Discussion 0 - B PSW1B Survey Instrument Development, Consultation and Amendment 1 A 2 PSW2 Fieldwork Instrument Validation and Correction 1 C PSW2C Expert Validation, Improvement and Finalization Local Survey Form 1 B 3 PSW3 Feasibility Study and Development of Online Database 1 D PSW3D Online Database, Feasibility Study, Presentation, Revision, Finalization and 1 C 4 PSW4 Fieldwork Implementation and Execution 1 E PSW4D Execution of Local Survey (10 samples per Enumerator) & Online Data Entry 1 D 5 PSW5 Data Cleaning, Sorting, Analyzing and Reporting 2 F PSW5F Data Cleaning, Sorting, Collation, Analysis and Visualization 1 E G PSW5G Consultation with Course Coordinators & Field Experts 1 F 6 PSW6 Report Writing and Exhibition Preparation 4 H PSW6H Report Writing, Exhibition Plan and Consultation 2 G I PSW6I Finalize and Format of Report and Exhibition Work 1 H J PSW6J Handover of Final Draft to Publicity Team 1 I 7 PSW7 Report Submission, Exhibition and Retrospectives 4 K PSW7K Improve Report and Commence Exhibition Work, Submission of Report 2 J L PSW7L Execute Exhibition 1 K M PSW7M Team Evaluation and Retrospectives 1 L BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDY NETWORK INFORMATION

WEEK 0 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 WEEK 6 WEEPSW1A 0 0 0 A 0 0 0 PSW1B 0 0 0 B 1 1 1 PSW2C 1 0 1 C 1 2 2 PSW3D 2 0 2 D 1 3 3 PSW4D 3 0 3 E 1 4 4 PSW5F 4 0 4 F 1 5 5 PSW5G 5 0 5 G 1 6 6 85

EK 7 WEEK 8 WEEK 9 WEEK 10 WEEK 11 WEEK 12 WEEK 13 WEEK 14 PSW6H 6 0 6 H 2 8 8 PSW6I 8 0 8 I 1 9 9 PSW6J 9 0 9 J 1 10 10 PSW7K 10 0 10 K 2 12 12 PSW7L 12 0 12 L 1 13 13 PSW7M 14 0 13 M 1 15 14 PROJECT NETWORK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDY BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 5

BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 86 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDY PROGRESS TRACKERS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT QUESTIONNAIRE FORM

87 1 3 5 2 4 Review existing literature and previous studies related to Noise and Vibration study in George Town. Identify the parameters that are involved in the study and incorporate into research instruments. Examine literature related to noise generated by transportation sources such as road traffic. Understand the effects on nearby communities, the effectiveness of noise barriers, and mitigation strategies. Define the scope of the project: Identify the area of interest, the type of noise sources to be considered, and the specific objectives of the study. Gather baseline data on existing noise levels in the study area. This involves monitoring ambient noise over a specific period to establish the current acoustic environment. Identify and characterize the different sources of noise within the study area. Conduct the noise and traffic counting study to identify the most significant source that contributes to the increase in noise level in Gurney Drive. Compile the findings of the noise study into a comprehensive report. This report typically includes a description of the study methodology, baseline data, noise predictions, impact assessment, and recommendations for mitigation measures. Review of Existing Literature. Project Definition Baseline Data Collection Noise Source Idenitification Analyze, Discuss and Report. UN OPERATIONAL WORKFLOW IVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX NOISE AND VIBRATION STUDY

Identify and document the checkpoints of conducting the noise and traffic counting studies at Gurney Drive. Gather, organize and utilize resources such as the equipment, tools and personnel to conduct the Noise and Traffic Counting Study at Gurney Drive. Develop and document the data collected from the study site into an organized database. Determine the correlation between the measured parameters by analyzing and interpreting the data with the aid of the relevant reference documents, software, and statistical tools. Identify and propose solutions for mitigating noise pollution at Gurney Drive. Compiling a comprehensive report and preparing for an exhibition to present the overarching findings of the entire study to the general public. To measure the noise level, meteorological parameters and traffic volume in Gurney Drive. ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX NOISE & VIBRATION STUDY GOAL ACTION PLAN 1.1 ORGANIZATION OBJECTIVE 1.0 To determine the correlation between noise level, meteorological parameters andthe traffic volume in Gurney Drive. OBJECTIVE 2.0 To recommend solutions to mitigate the potential impacts of noise pollution in Gurney Drive. OBJECTIVE 3.0 To measure and evaluate the level of noise at Gurney Drive, George Town and determine the primary sources of noise pollution to offer solutions that mitigate the possible effects of noise pollution on the well-being and health of Gurney Drive residents as well as tourists. ACTION PLAN 1.2 ACTION PLAN 2.1 ACTION PLAN 2.2 ACTION PLAN 3.1 ACTION PLAN 3.2 88 NOISE AND VIBRATION STUDY STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

RESPONSIBILITY MATRIX UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 89 NOISE AND VIBRATION STUDY ID CODE ACTIVITY NAME DUR week Start Date End Date 1 PTD1 Fieldwork Instrument Development 2 08/10/23 22/10/23 A PNV1A BEMX Discussion 1 08/10/23 15/10/23 R R R R R R R B PNV1B Noise and Vibration Instrument Development, Consultation and Amendment 1 08/10/23 15/10/23 R R R R R R R 2 PTD2 Fieldwork Instrument Validation and Correction 1 23/10/23 29/10/23 C PNV2C Expert Validation, Improvement and Finalization of Traffic Counting Form 1 23/10/23 29/10/23 C R R R R R R R 3 PTD3 Feasibility Study and Development of Online Database 1 23/10/23 29/10/23 D PTD3D Online Database, Feasibility Study, Presentation, Revision, Finalization 1 23/10/23 29/10/23 R R R R R R R 4 PTD4 Fieldwork Implementation and Execution 1 30/10/23 05/11/23 E PTD4E Execution of Noise and Traffic Counting Study & Online Data Entry 1 30/10/23 05/11/23 R R R R R R R 5 PTD5 Data Cleaning, Sorting, Analyzing and Reporting 2 06/11/23 19/11/23 F PTD5F Data Cleaning, Sorting, Collation, Analysis and Visualization 1 06/11/23 12/11/23 R R R R R R R G PTD5G Consultation with Course Coordinator and Field Expert 1 13/11/23 19/11/23 C C R R R R R R R 6 PTD6 Report Writing and Exhibition Preparation 4 20/11/23 24/12/23 H PTD6H Report Writing, Exhibition Plan and Consultation 2 20/11/23 03/12/23 C R R R R R R R I PTD6I Finalize and Format of Report and Exhibition Work 1 11/12/23 17/12/23 C R R R R R R R J PTD6J Handover of Final Draft to Publicity Team 1 18/12/23 24/12/23 M S S S S S R 7 PTD7 Report Submission, Exhibition and Retrospectives 4 25/12/23 21/01/24 K PTD7K Improve Report and Commence Exhibition Work, Submission of Report 2 25/12/23 31/12/23 R R R R R R R L PTD7L Execute Exhibition 1 08/01/24 12/01/24 R R R R R R R M PTD7M Team Evaluation and Retrospectives 1 15/01/24 21/01/24 R R R R R R R CO.LEC2 | A= APPROVAL | C = CONSULT | M = MONITOR | R = RESPONSIBLE | S = SUPPORT | EX.LEC CO.LEC1 CL.BPM | CO.LEC = COURSE COORDINATOR | EX.LEC = FIELD EXPERT | TR.BPM PM.NVB S&R.NVB R&D.NVB S&C.NVB T&A.NVB V&H.NVB R&P.NVB

11 90 ID CODE ACTIVITY NAME DURATION (week) PREDECESSOR 1 PNV1 Fieldwork Instrument Development 2 A PNV1A BEMX Discussion 1 - B PNV1B Noise and Vibration Instrument Development, Consultation and Amendment 1 A 2 PNV2 Fieldwork Instrument Validation and Correction 1 C PNV2C Expert Validation, Improvement and Finalization of Traffic Counting Form 1 B 3 PNV3 Feasibility Study and Development of Online Database 1 D PNV3D Online Database, Feasibility Study, Presentation, Revision and Finalization 1 C 4 PNV4 Fieldwork Implementation and Execution 1 E PNV4E Execution of Noise and Traffic Counting Study & Online Data Entry 1 D 5 PNV5 Data Cleaning, Sorting Analysis, and Reporting 2 F PNV5F Data Cleaning, Sorting, Collation, Analysis and Visualization 1 E G PNV5G Consultation with Course Coordinator and Expert Lecturer 1 F 6 PNV6 Report Writing and Exhibition Preparation 4 H PNV6H Report Writing, Exhibition Plan and Consultation 3 G I PNV6I Finalization and Format of Report and Exhibition Work 1 H J PNV6J Handover of Final Draft to Publicity Team 1 I 7 PNV7 Report Submission, Exhibition and Retrospectives 4 K PNV7K Improve Report and Commence Exhibition Work, Submission of Report 3 J L PNV7L Execute Exhibition 1 K W PNV7M Team Evaluation and Retrospectives 1 L BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX NOISE AND VIBRATION STUDY NETWORK INFORMATION

WEEK 0 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 WEEK 6 WEEPNV1A 0 0 0 A 1 0 0 PNV1B 0 0 0 B 1 0 0 PNV2C 0 0 0 C 1 0 0 PNV3D 0 0 0 D 1 1 1 PNV4E 1 0 1 E 1 2 2 PNV5F 2 0 2 F 1 3 3 PNV5G 3 0 3 G 1 4 4 91

EK 7 WEEK 8 WEEK 9 WEEK 10 WEEK 11 WEEK 12 WEEK 13 WEEK 14 PNV6H 4 0 4 H 3 7 7 PNV6I 7 0 7 I 1 8 8 PNV6J 8 0 8 J 1 9 9 PNV7K 9 0 9 K 3 12 12 PNV7L 12 0 12 L 1 13 13 PNV7M 13 0 13 M 1 14 14 PROJECT NETWORK NOISE & VIBRATION STUDY BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 1

BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 92 NOISE AND VIBRATION STUDY PROGRESS TRACKERS TRAFFIC COUNTING SHEET

BEMX grappled with issues such as a lack of teamwork spirit, communication problems, and time management challenges. Proactively acknowledging these obstacles, BEMX convened to strengthen collaboration. Through open communication and collective efforts, they overcame miscommunication hurdles, improving teamwork and enhancing time management. This experience underscored the importance of clear communication and reinforced the team's commitment to collaborative problemsolving, offering valuable lessons for future improvements. Looking ahead, the organization should capitalize on current successes and address areas for improvement through strategic adjustments. Refine strategies to align closely with organizational goals, leveraging the positive trajectory from the reporting period. Recommend targeted training for team members in identified improvement areas, particularly focusing on enhancing time management, communication, and teamwork skills. Additionally, develop proactive risk mitigation plans to navigate uncertainties effectively and sustain positive momentum. Achievements & Successes Lessons Learned Recommendations During this period, BEMX demonstrated commendable dedication and effectiveness in pursuing organizational goals. While the achievements did not surpass initial expectations, they notably contributed to a positive trajectory. Positive trends in incremental improvements showcase the team's adaptability and resilience. Despite not exceeding expectations, these accomplishments underscore the team's valuable contributions to the organization's ongoing success and their adept handling of challenges with a solutionoriented approach. 93 RETROSPECTIVES UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX FIELDWORK ORGANIZATION

3 BACKGROUND OF CASE STUDY This fieldwork is conducted in George Town, Penang which is a city renowned for its extensive historical background, possesses a heritage that precedes that of most Malaysian cities. It presents an exceptional urban landscape unmatched anywhere in the country. With its colonial-era beginnings, this city achieved global acclaim in 2008 when it received the esteemed UNESCO World Heritage Site designation under various criteria. The declaration of George Town, Penang as a “World Heritage Site” by UNESCO has resulted in George Town being one of the most popular destinations for cultural tourism in Malaysia. Despite the positive outcomes that the UNESCO declaration has brought such as economic growth, an increase in preservation and conservation work (UNESCO heritage designation in cities throughout the world typically involves delineating core zones, which protect the most highly valued cultural assets, and buffer zones, which allow controlled development that supports preservation of the core (Bandarin, Sophia, & Others, 2007)), and assured protection of Penang’s cultural heritage, it has also had unintended challenges or consequences that are affecting the environment, local community, visitor’s experience and value of world heritage site. Those may arised with the increasing number of tourists and tourism infrastructure development. 94 FIELDWORK MANAGEMENT BACKGROUND OF CASE STUDY BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX

PROBLEM STATEMENT O V E R T O U R I S M D E V E L O P M E N T In areas with cultural and historical significance, uncontrolled development can lead to the alteration of heritage sites, conversion of natural areas, loss of green space. This can occur through the construction of hotels, resorts, or other infrastructure that may not respect the architectural and cultural integrity of the area. Moreover, it can also contribute to more waste generation. Low traffic safety may increase the risk of accidents with more people on the street. Moreover, the inadequacy of infrastructure such as cyclist and pedestrian lane, resting point and other aspects can affect the accessibility of the street user. Noise can be a disturbance when the noise level exceed its permissible level. When a person perceives an inability to manage the noise levels in their surroundings, it exacerbates the impact on their mental wellbeing. SITE ISSUES T R A F F I C C O N G E S T I O N N O I S E P O L L U T I O N 1 2 3 95 SITE ISSUES & PROBLEM STATEMENT UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX FIELDWORK MANAGEMENT

Engage with the community to gather qualitative insights into the extent of tourism development on the cultural heritage. Conduct a selfobservation and collect data based on the observation criteria such as noting the checklist, scoring sheet, photographs, and any relevant information. Gather and organized the data collected in preparation for the data visualisation. Visualize and analyze the findings to identify trends, patterns, and correlations within the collected data. Through analysis, identify issues and challenges related to cultural heritage preservation and urban development. Pinpoint opportunities for sustainable tourism practices that mitigate negative impacts and enhance positive contributions. To identify the extent of tourism development on George Town's cultural heritage and urban environment ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION 3 ORGANIZATION STRATEGY 1.1 ORGANIZATION STRATEGY 1.2 ORGANIZATION STRATEGY 2.1 ORGANIZATION STRATEGY 2.2 ORGANIZATION STRATEGY 3.1 ORGANIZATION STRATEGY 3.2 ORGANIZATION GOAL 1.0 To assess the current state of George Town's cultural heritage and urban environment in relation to the impacts of tourism development GOAL 2.0 To recommend intervention and improvement in areas in need, while preserving the city's heritage and environment GOAL 3.0 Our mission is to preserve the cultural heritage of George Town and promote sustainable tourism practices that benefit both tourists and the local community. MISSION STATEMENT 96 FIELDWORK MANAGEMENT GOALS & OBJECTIVES BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX

CONTENT SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STUDY UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX FIELDWORK MANAGEMENT 3.4.1 INTRODUCTION SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN GEORGE TOWN ISSUES AND CHALLENGES EXISTING EFFORT AND APPROACHES 3.4.1.1 3.4.1.2 3.4.1.3 3.4.1.4 GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 3.4.2 GENERAL RESEARCH ACTIVITY 3.4.3 METHODOLOGY INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY ITEMS SAMPLING METHOD 3.4.3.1 3.4.3.2 3.4.3.3 3.4.3.4 FEASIBILITY STUDY 3.4.3.5 FIELDWORK EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURS 3.4.4 ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS INTRODUCTION RESPONDENTS PROFILE MASTER DATA 3.4.4.1 3.4.4.2 3.4.4.3 3.4.4.4 ECOMOBILITY 3.4.4.5 ECOTOURISM 3.4.4.6 ECOCONSCIOUS 3.4.4.7 IMPACT OF OVERTOURISM 3.4.4.8 NEW ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM SCALE (NEP) 3.4.4.9 CORRELATIONAL ANALYSIS ON NEP 3.4.4.10 THEMATIC FINDINGS ON OPEN-ENDED RESPONSES 3.4.5 CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS 3.4.5.1 3.4.5.2 3.4.5.3 POTENTIAL FUTURE RESEARCH 3.4.5.4 CONTRIBUTION AND LIMITATION HIGHLIGHTS OF KEY FINDINGS SUMMARY OF SOSIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STUDY 3.4.5.5 3.4.3.6 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION 97-98 97 98 98 98 104 99 100-104 100 101 102 102 103 112-113 105-113 105 106 107 107-109 110-111 119 113-115 115-117 118 120-128 120-121 122 122 123 124 Detailed

The rapid urban growth and economic transformation in George Town have shaped a dynamic community that significantly influences its future trajectory. This survey focuses explicitly on the city's socio-economic development, addressing five pivotal aspects: ecomobility, examining sustainable mobility initiatives; ecotourism, evaluating regional eco-friendly tourism practices; ecoconsciousness, assessing community eco-friendly behaviors' impact; overtourism, analyzing challenges from excessive tourism; and the new ecological paradigm, determining pro-ecological views. George Town's fusion of tradition and modernity, propelled by its strategic positioning in commerce, trade, and cultural exchange, underscores the survey's critical role in guiding the city towards a balanced, forward-thinking, and environmentally aware future. GEORGE TOWN, PENANG INTRODUCTION SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN GEORGE TOWN BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 97

ISSUES & CHALLENGES EFFORTS & APPROACHES GOAL & OBJECTIVES UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX RESEARCH GOAL To explore the local community's perspectives on ecomobility, ecotourism, eco-consciousness, overtourism impact, as well as their pro-ecological worldviews and how these values shape their views on urban and environmental aspects in George Town. To identify the local community’s perception regarding ecomobility, ecotourism, eco-consciousness and overtourism impact in George Town. To determine the local community’s level of pro-ecological worldview via the New Ecological Paradigm Scale. To establish a connection between the pro-ecological values and views on ecomobility, ecotourism, eco-consciousness, and the impact of overtourism in George Town. To explore local perceptions on traffic issues, noise levels, unique urban characteristics, and suggestions related to environmental quality and waste management in George Town. OBJECTIVE1 OBJECTIVE 2 OBJECTIVE 3 OBJECTIVE 4 Lack of Maintenance’s Quality Unsatisfaction in Daily Routine Lack of Sustainable Practices 1 2 3 The absence of "last mile" connections and dedicated walking and cycling lanes hinders its ability to substitute car trips. Residential overdevelopment leads to challenges: noise, disrupted routines, and intrusion into private spaces. A deficiency in environmentally conscious behaviors such as lack of 3R practice and food waste separation. Collaboration Between Local Communities and The Government Resulted in the George Town Special Area Master Plan, which includes pedestrian improvements, ensuring connected and continuous sidewalks. Implementation of Sustainable and Responsible Tourism Education and Awareness Educate and inspire individuals to embrace environmentally friendly behaviors for a sustainable lifestyle. INTRODUCTION Enhance the capacity of stakeholders through training and education to effectively manage tourism in the World Heritage Site. 98

Research Question Research Objectives Research Inquires Research Variables Research Outcome How do the local community perceive ecomobility, ecotourism, ecoconsciousness and overtourism impact in George Town? To identify the local community’s perception regarding ecomobility, ecotourism, ecoconsciousness and overtourism impact in George Town. The local community’s perception regarding ecomobility, ecotourism, ecoconsciousness and overtourism impact in George Town. Interval Variables: 10 items (each) of 5-Likert-Scale on (i) ecomobility, (ii) ecotourism, (iii) eco-consciousness and (iv) overtourism impact. Nominal & Ordinal Variables of socio-demographic profiles. Mean Statistics of 10 items of (i) ecomobility, (ii) ecotourism, (iii) eco-consciousness and (iv) overtourism impact in George Town individually and across selected respondents’ socio-demographic profiles. How do the local community of George Town express their pro-ecological worldviews, as assessed by the New Ecological Paradigm Scale? To determine the local community’s level of pro-ecological worldview via New Ecological Paradigm Scale. The locals community’s level of pro-ecological worldview via New Ecological Paradigm Scale. Interval Variables: 15 items of 5-Likert-Scale derived from New Ecological Paradigm Scale. Mean Statistics on pro-ecological worldview via New Ecological Paradigm Scale. How do the pro-ecological values of the local community shape their view towards ecomobility, ecotourism, ecoconsciousness, and the impact of overtourism in George Town? To establish a connection between the local community's pro-ecological values and their views on ecomobility, ecotourism, ecoconsciousness, and the impact of overtourism in George Town. The relationship between the local community's pro-ecological values and their views on ecomobility, ecotourism, ecoconsciousness, and the impact of overtourism in George Town. Interval Variables: (i) ecomobility, (ii) ecotourism, (iii) ecoconsciousness, (iv) overtourism impact and (v) pro-ecological values based on New Ecological Paradigm Scale. Spearman Correlation (rho) between pro-ecological values and (i) ecomobility, (ii) ecotourism, (iii) ecoconsciousness, and (iv) overtourism impact. What are the local perceptions on traffic issues, noise levels, urban characteristics, and suggestions on environmental quality and waste management in George Town? To explore local perceptions on traffic issues, noise levels, unique urban characteristics, and suggestions related to environmental quality and waste management in George Town. The local perceptions on traffic issues, noise levels, unique urban characteristics, and suggestions related to environmental quality and waste management in George Town. Nominal Variables: (i) traffic issues, (ii) noise levels, (iii) unique urban characteristics, and suggestions related to (iv) environmental quality and (v) waste management in George Town. Thematic Findings on textual responses on traffic issues, noise levels, unique urban characteristics, and suggestions related to environmental quality and waste management in George Town. GENERAL RESEARCH ACTIVITIES RESEARCH INQUIRES VARIABLES & OUTCOME BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 99

OVERTOURISMIMPACT ECOMOBILITY N WE E C O LOGICALPARADIGM ECOTOURISM Ecomobility is a concept that attempts to shift the focus of urban transport from personal motorized modes to the integration of sustainable modes such as walking, cycling, and public transport. Integrating these modes will increase the options available for all the users in the city. Ecomobility empowers cities to encourage diverse travel options and it propels cities in the direction of transportation that is socially, environmentally, and economically sustainable. Sources: Kodukula, S. (2013). EcoMobility and Its Benefits in an Urban Context (pp. 285–294). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1969-9_25: The concept of ecotourism is grounded upon a well-defined set of principles including “environmental conservation and education, cultural preservation and experience, and economic benefits”. Ecotourism is distinguished by its notable characteristics, which encompass not only the enhancement of natural environments but also the active promotion of local cultures, traditions, and lifestyles, all designed to entice and engage travelers to explore and visit a particular area. Sources: Cobbinah, P. B. (2015). Contextualising the meaning of ecotourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 16, 179-189. Environmental concern is the degree to which people are aware of and willing to support efforts to address environmental problems or personally contribute to solutions which was divided into knowledge, attitude, recycling behaviour type, recycling degree, and participation activities to prevent environmental destruction. Sources: Kim, N., & Lee, K. (2023). Environmental Consciousness, Purchase Intention, and Actual Purchase Behavior of Eco-Friendly Products: The Moderating Impact of Situational Context. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5312. The New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale measures support for a "proecological" worldview. It is frequently used in diverse domains, including environmental education, outdoor recreation, and other fields where observed variations in behavior or attitudes are believed to be elucidated by underlying values, worldviews, or paradigms. The NEP scale involves the solicitation of individual responses to a fifteen items meticulously crafted to measure the extent of agreement or disagreement with statements related to ecological beliefs. In essence, the NEP scale functions as a comprehensive metric for assessing and understanding the nuanced dimensions of pro-environmental attitudes within diverse populations. Sources: Anderson, M. (2014). New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) Scale. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264858463 Overtourism depicts destinations where local or visitors feel that there is an excessive number of guests and that the personal satisfaction in the area or the quality of the experience has weakened unsatisfactorily. Overtourism contrarily impacts the lives of host community by the basis of economic benefit, the grounds of social, cultural, and environmental destruction. Sources: Anuar, A., Ridzuan, F. H., Jaini, N., Sulaiman, F., & Hashim, N. I. (2019). The impact of overtourism towards local community in heritage city. Journal of Tourism & Hospitality, 8(3), 1-5. EC O CONSCIOUSNESS INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX METHODOLOGY 100

TOU 1 TOU 2 TOU 3 TOU 4 TOU 5 TOU 6 TOU 7 TOU 8 TOU 9 TOU 10 Central Area Transit makes it easy to get around George Town. BEST simplifies travel between Seberang Perai and Bayan Lepas. CATBridge simplifies travel to and from Komtar. Free public transportation is great for Penang citizens. The wheel-chair friendly buses are essential for the community. The Penang Smart Parking System makes it easy to park. The Penang Smart Parking System is a user-friendly application. The bicycle accessible buses encourage me to cycle in George Town. The well-designed back alley encourages me to cycle in George Town. The back alley reduces the traffic congestion on the road. MOB 1 MOB 2 MOB 3 MOB 4 MOB 5 MOB 6 MOB 7 MOB 8 MOB 9 MOB10 Bicycle lanes ensure the safety of cyclists. Walking can reduce the carbon emissions in George Town. Garbage collection points are easily accessible for residents. I separate the food waste from my general waste. I separate household waste based on its categories. I practise the 3Rs (reuse, reduce, recycle) at home. I am aware of the location of recycling centres around George Town. I make an effort in reducing the generation of household waste. I am conscious of my energy electrical usage. I am conscious of my water usage. CON 1 CON 2 CON 3 CON 4 CON 5 CON 6 CON 7 CON 8 CON 9 CON 10 Overtourism increases pollution in George Town. Overtourism increases waste generation in George Town. Overtourism is the cause of social conflict in George Town. Excessive tourists increase the level of noise pollution in George Town. Overtourism threatens the safety of the residents in George Town. The many tourists visiting George Town was a cause of discomfort. The many tourists in the George Town causes congestion of public transport. I try to avoid the places most frequently visited by tourists in George Town. Tourists’ noise sometimes affects my quality of life. Over-tourism contributes to traffic congestion in George Town. OVT 1 OVT 2 OVT 3 OVT 4 OVT 5 OVT 6 OVT 7 OVT 8 OVT 9 OVT 10 I realize the importance of taking care of natural resources is important. I always volunteer at eco-tourism destinations. Conservation of resources can be improved through eco-tourism. Eco-tourism provides job opportunities to the locals. Eco-tourism can improve infrastructure such as roads. Eco-tourism improves the quality of life of locals. Eco-tourism can promote local cultural heritage. Eco-tourism fosters a sense of pride and cultural preservation. Eco-tourism gives benefits to the environment in George Town. Eco-tourism can preserve existing natural resources in George Town. We are approaching the limit of the number of people the Earth can support. Humans have the right to modify the natural environment to suit their needs. When humans interfere with nature it often produces disastrous consequences. Human ingenuity will insure that we do not make the Earth unlivable. Humans are seriously abusing the environment. The Earth has plenty of natural resources if we just learn how to develop them. Plants and animals have as much right as humans to exist. The balance of nature is strong enough to cope with the impacts of modern industrial nations. Despite our special abilities, humans are still subject to the laws of nature. The so-called “ecological crisis” facing humankind has been greatly exaggerated. The Earth is like a spaceship with very limited room and resources. Humans were meant to rule over the rest of nature. The balance of nature is very delicate and easily upset. Humans will eventually learn enough about how nature works to be able to control it. If things continue on their present course, we will soon experience a major ecological catastrophe. NEP 1 NEP 2 NEP 3 NEP 4 NEP 5 NEP 6 NEP 7 NEP 8 NEP 9 NEP 10 NEP 11 NEP 12 NEP 13 NEP 14 NEP 15 METHODOLOGY QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY ITEMS BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 101

sampling method feasibility study A feasibility study in Kampung Baru, Kuala Lumpur, was ideal for a socioeconomic development survey due to its unique blend of traditional village life and modern dynamics. The urban centre's rich cultural heritage makes it an appealing destination for authentic experiences. This setting enables an assessment of community attitudes, which is crucial for revising the current questionnaire and aligning it with research objectives. The survey in Kampung Baru assumes a crucial role in gauging the questionnaire's pertinence, ensuring its alignment with the overarching research goals, and establishing a meaningful connection between the study and the vibrant local community. This study was conducted in George Town and engaged 460 randomly sampled respondents. Employing a mixedmethods approach, it seamlessly integrates qualitative and quantitative methodologies: the Likert scale and openended questions. The meticulously planned study encompasses well-defined research strategies, designs, and procedures. A detailed GRA table harmonizes with the research question, elucidating issues, inquiries, questions, outcomes, and variables for enhanced clarity. This multifaceted strategy adeptly fosters a nuanced comprehension of diverse perspectives within the local community, providing a comprehensive exploration of the study. SAMPLING METHOD & FEASIBILITY STUDY UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX METHODOLOGY 102

QUESTIONNAIRE FORMS CLIPBOARDS PERSONAL COMPUTER GOOGLE FORMS DATA ANALYSIS TOOLS START NO OMIT ITEM FROM QUESTIONNAIRE OMIT ITEM FROM QUESTIONNAIRE OMIT ITEM FROM QUESTIONNAIRE FIELDWORK EXECUTION & ONLINE DATABASE UPDATE INPUT ITEM SCORE FOR EACH COMPONENT ADOPTING QUESTIONNAIRE ITEMS FROM PAST STUDIES ARE ITEMS APPROPRIATE? ADJUST ITEM FOR QUESTIONNAIRE ALMOST YES NO DEVELOPMENT OF QUESTIONNAIRE FORM VALIDATED BY EXPERT? ALMOST YES NO VIABLE DURING FEASIBILITY STUDY? ALMOST YES NO ADOPT ITEM IN QUESTIONNAIRE ADJUST ITEM FOR QUESTIONNAIRE ADOPT ITEM IN QUESTIONNAIRE ADJUST ITEM FOR QUESTIONNAIRE ADOPT ITEM IN QUESTIONNAIRE OPEN ENDED? THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF TEXTUAL RESPONSES OUTPUT OF DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR EACH ITEM REPORT WRITING & PRESENTATION END YES METHODOLOGY FIELDWORK EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 103

ANONYMITY INFORMED CONSENT CONFIDENTIALITY RESPECTING PRIVACY VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION DEBRIEFING & FEEDBACK Anonymity is employed and enumerators refrained from collecting any information that could potentially disclose respondents' identities unless explicitly necessary for the survey research. The confidentiality of respondents is ensured by avoiding the collection and reporting of data in a manner that could identify individual respondents, and the storage access procedures are informed. The respondents explicitly informed about the survey's purpose, the intended use of their data, and their rights, while also ensuring that their participation is based on voluntary and informed consent. Respondents' privacy is respected by refraining from posing intrusive or sensitive questions unless deemed essential for the research, and how the collected data will be utilized is clearly addressed. Participation and engagement is completely optional, permitting respondents to withdraw at any point without repercussions, and avoiding any coercion or pressure tactics to elicit participation. Upon respondents' expressed interest, details about the survey results and assistance are provided in situations where the survey content might have elicited emotional responses or discomfort. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX METHODOLOGY 104

introduction introduction Statistical measures are used to scrutinize Likert Scale questions, from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The evaluation includes frequency and percentage distributions, as well as the calculation of mean, mode, and median values. These measures provide a comprehensive understanding of respondents' responses and highlight central tendencies in their opinions. The survey also encourages respondents to provide qualitative insights, share personal experiences, and offer additional perspectives. The thematic findings on open-ended responses reveal key recurring topics and insights respondents express. This qualitative analysis uncovers nuanced perspectives, allowing for a deeper understanding of the issues and sentiments conveyed through the open-ended responses. Conducting a survey questionnaire on ecomobility, ecotourism, eco-consciousness, and the impact of over-tourism in George Town is essential for understanding the community's perspectives and behaviours comprehensively. This data is pivotal for urban planning, policymaking, and community engagement, providing a robust foundation for making informed decisions that simultaneously promote sustainable practices and prioritize the well-being of the residents in George Town. Evaluating sociodemographic factors involves comprehensively examining crucial elements such as age, gender, occupation, residency status, and other pertinent characteristics within the surveyed population. This exploration is integral to achieving a nuanced understanding of respondents' profiles, enriching the contextualization of survey responses and findings. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS INTRODUCTION BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 105

VARIABLES SUBJECTS FREQ. % Gender Male 288 62.6 Female 172 37.4 Age Group Youth (15 – 24) 69 15.0 Middle Age (25 – 59) 315 68.5 Retirement Age (≥ 60) 76 16.6 Age Interval 10 - 19 13 2.8 20 - 29 113 24.6 30 - 39 105 22.8 40 - 49 88 19.1 50 - 59 67 14.6 60 - 69 48 10.4 70 - 79 242 5.2 80 - 89 2 0.4 Ethnicity Malay 256 55.7 Chinese 140 30.4 Indian 58 12.6 Others 6 1.3 Disability Abled 452 98.3 Disabled 8 1.7 Residential Buildings Low-Rise Houses 239 52.0 High-Rise Houses 221 48.0 Housing Type Village House 56 12.2 Shop Lot 39 8.5 Terrace House 140 30.4 Flat 137 29.8 Apartment 59 12.8 Condominium 25 5.4 Others (Undisclosed) 4 0.9 VARIABLES SUBJECTS FREQ. % Education Level Non-Education 12 2.6 Primary School 8 1.7 Secondary School 207 45.0 STPM/ Matric/ Foundation 23 5.0 Diploma 115 25.0 Bachelor Degree 73 15.9 Master Degree 18 3.9 PhD 2 0.4 Others 2 0.4 Occupation Public Employees 61 13.3 Private Employees 161 35.0 Self-Employed 157 34.1 Students 36 7.8 Housewives 22 4.8 Retiree 21 4.6 Unemployed 2 0.4 Income Level B40 B1 (< RM2,500) 246 53.5 B2 (RM 2,500 – RM 3,170) 90 19.6 B3 (RM 3,170 – RM 3,969) 46 10.0 B4 (RM 3,970 – RM 4,849) 25 5.4 M40 M1 (RM 4,850 – RM 5,879) 21 4.6 M2 (RM 5,880 – RM 7,099) 14 3.0 M3 (RM 7,110 – RM 8,699) 6 1.3 M4 (RM 8,700 – RM 10,959) 5 1.1 T20 T1 (RM 10,960 –RM 15,039) 2 0.4 T2 (> RM 15,039) 5 1.1 Dependent Group No Dependents 192 41.7 1 – 2 Dependents 133 28.9 3 – 5 Dependents 116 25.2 Over 5 Dependents 19 4.1 Undisclosed 2 0.4 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS RESPONDENTS PROFILE 106

BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS MASTER DATA VARIABLES FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION CENTRAL TENDENCY 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 MEAN MEDIAN MODE MIN MAX MOB 1 29 25 60 113 233 6.3 5.4 13.0 24.6 50.7 4.08 5.00 5.00 1 5 MOB 2 35 26 72 115 212 7.6 5.7 15.7 25.0 46.1 3.96 4.00 4.00 1 5 MOB 3 24 23 60 109 244 5.2 5.0 13.0 23.7 53.0 4.14 5.00 5.00 1 5 MOB 4 15 10 42 96 297 3.3 2.2 9.1 20.9 64.6 4.41 5.00 5.00 1 5 MOB 5 11 16 72 101 260 2.4 3.5 15.7 22.0 56.5 4.27 5.00 5.00 1 5 MOB 6 41 39 87 113 180 8.9 8.5 18.9 24.6 39.1 3.77 4.00 4.00 1 5 MOB 7 45 39 84 117 175 9.8 8.5 18.3 25.4 38.0 3.73 4.00 4.00 1 5 MOB 8 62 47 98 110 143 13.5 10.2 21.3 23.9 31.1 3.49 4.00 4.00 1 5 MOB 9 43 47 92 120 158 9.3 10.2 20.0 26.1 34.3 3.66 4.00 4.00 1 5 MOB 10 31 44 105 109 171 6.7 9.6 22.8 23.7 37.2 3.75 4.00 4.00 1 5 TOU 1 2 3 25 88 342 0.4 0.7 5.4 19.1 74.3 3.15 3.00 3.00 1 5 TOU 2 97 51 109 92 111 21.1 11.1 23.7 20.0 24.1 4.19 4.00 4.00 1 5 TOU 3 10 22 66 135 227 2.2 4.8 14.3 29.3 49.3 4.34 5.00 5.00 1 5 TOU 4 6 11 60 128 255 1.3 2.4 13.0 27.8 55.4 4.18 4.00 4.00 1 5 TOU 5 14 7 72 154 213 3.0 1.5 15.7 33.5 46.3 4.21 4.00 4.00 1 5 TOU 6 11 15 68 139 227 2.4 3.3 14.8 30.2 49.3 4.32 5.00 5.00 1 5 TOU 7 5 9 64 138 244 1.1 2.0 13.9 30.0 53.0 4.32 5.00 5.00 1 5 TOU 8 4 13 60 137 246 0.9 2.8 13.0 29.8 53.5 4.29 5.00 5.00 1 5 TOU 9 7 13 67 126 247 1.5 2.8 14.6 27.4 53.7 4.25 5.00 5.00 1 5 TOU 10 6 15 80 117 242 1.3 3.3 17.4 25.4 52.6 3.68 4.00 4.00 1 5 CON 1 35 33 83 104 205 7.6 7.2 18.0 22.6 44.6 3.89 4.00 4.00 1 5 CON 2 2 6 36 105 311 0.4 1.3 7.8 22.8 67.6 4.12 4.00 4.00 1 5 CON 3 9 26 79 132 214 2.0 5.7 17.2 28.7 46.5 3.70 4.00 4.00 1 5 CON 4 41 46 88 119 166 8.9 10.0 19.1 25.9 36.1 3.45 4.00 4.00 1 5 CON 5 49 59 110 120 122 10.7 12.8 23.9 26.1 26.5 3.57 4.00 4.00 1 5 CON 6 47 48 102 123 140 10.2 10.4 22.2 26.7 30.4 3.45 4.00 4.00 1 5 CON 7 59 57 90 125 129 12.8 12.4 19.6 27.2 28.0 3.88 4.00 4.00 1 5 CON 8 27 22 92 157 162 5.9 4.8 20.0 34.1 35.2 4.41 5.00 5.00 1 5 CON 9 9 9 40 129 273 2.0 2.0 8.7 28.0 59.3 4.45 5.00 5.00 1 5 CON 10 6 9 38 124 283 1.3 2.0 8.3 27.0 61.5 3.62 4.00 4.00 1 5 OVT 1 66 39 71 113 171 14.3 8.5 15.4 24.6 37.2 3.66 4.00 4.00 1 5 OVT 2 65 34 70 115 176 14.1 7.4 15.2 25.0 38.3 3.31 4.00 4.00 1 5 OVT 3 82 48 90 125 115 17.8 10.4 19.6 27.2 25.0 3.55 4.00 4.00 1 5 OVT 4 61 50 72 130 147 13.3 10.9 15.7 28.3 32.0 3.18 3.00 3.00 1 5 OVT 5 89 62 97 102 110 19.3 13.5 21.1 22.2 23.9 3.11 3.00 3.00 1 5 OVT 6 91 61 108 106 94 19.8 13.3 23.5 23.0 20.4 3.51 4.00 4.00 1 5 OVT 7 67 44 87 111 151 14.6 9.6 18.9 24.1 32.8 3.29 3.00 3.00 1 5 OVT 8 73 58 108 103 118 15.9 12.6 23.5 22.4 25.7 3.08 3.00 3.00 1 5 OVT 9 92 71 97 107 93 20.0 15.4 21.1 23.3 20.2 3.61 4.00 4.00 1 5 OVT 10 72 32 82 92 182 15.7 7.0 17.8 20.0 39.6 4.66 5.00 5.00 1 5 NEP 1 41 32 116 115 156 8.9 7.0 25.2 25.0 33.9 3.26 3.00 3.00 1 5 NEP 2 74 71 93 106 116 16.1 15.4 20.2 23.0 25.2 4.01 4.00 4.00 1 5 NEP 3 20 37 79 105 219 4.3 8.0 17.2 22.8 47.6 3.54 4.00 4.00 1 5 NEP 4 35 37 153 116 119 7.6 8.0 33.3 25.2 25.9 4.03 4.00 4.00 1 5 NEP 5 25 22 87 105 221 5.4 4.8 18.9 22.8 48.0 4.44 5.00 5.00 1 5 NEP 6 13 4 49 96 298 2.8 0.9 10.7 20.9 64.8 4.50 5.00 5.00 1 5 NEP 7 6 4 52 91 307 1.3 0.9 11.3 19.8 66.7 4.10 4.00 4.00 1 5 NEP 8 10 12 111 118 209 2.2 2.6 24.1 25.7 45.4 4.28 5.00 5.00 1 5 NEP 9 7 13 79 106 255 1.5 2.8 17.2 23.0 55.4 3.77 4.00 4.00 1 5 NEP 10 23 31 134 112 160 5.0 6.7 29.1 24.3 34.8 3.92 4.00 4.00 1 5 NEP 11 19 28 121 96 196 4.1 6.1 26.3 20.9 42.6 3.09 3.00 3.00 1 5 NEP 12 95 61 121 75 108 20.7 13.3 26.3 16.3 23.5 4.07 4.00 4.00 1 5 NEP 13 16 21 94 114 215 3.5 4.6 20.4 24.8 46.7 4.05 4.00 4.00 1 5 NEP 14 19 20 89 123 209 4.1 4.3 19.3 26.7 45.4 4.35 5.00 5.00 1 5 NEP 15 7 10 72 95 276 1.5 2.2 15.7 20.7 60.0 4.08 5.00 5.00 1 5 107

Central Area Transit makes it easy to get around George Town. MEAN: 4.08 / 5.00 82% CAT (Congestion Alleviation Transport) Bridge simplifies travel to and from Komtar. MEAN: 4.14 / 5.00 83% The wheel-chair-friendly buses are essential for the community. MEAN: 4.27 / 5.00 85% The Penang Smart Parking System is a user-friendly application. MEAN: 3.73 / 5.00 75% The well-designed back alley encourages me to cycle in George Town. MEAN: 3.66 / 5.00 73% BEST (Bus Express Shuttle Transit) simplifies travel between Seberang Perai and Bayan Lepas MEAN: 3.96 / 5.00 79% Free public transportation is great for Penang citizens. MEAN: 4.41 / 5.00 88% The Penang Smart Parking System makes it easy to park. MEAN: 3.77 / 5.00 75% The bicycle accessible buses encourage me to cycle in George Town. MEAN: 3.49 / 5.00 70% The back alley reduces the traffic congestion on the road. MEAN: 3.75 / 5.00 75% MOB1 MOB3 MOB5 MOB7 MOB9 MOB2 MOB4 MOB6 MOB8 MOB10 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ECOMOBILITY 108

Public Employee Female Male Disabled Abled 3.88/5.00 4.00/5.00 4.33/5.00 MOB for Female was higher than Male but the difference is very small. 3.92/5.00 Code No. of Items Internal Consistency Cronbach Alpha Mean Median Mode MOB 10 Good .866 3.926 4.000 5.000 B40 Youth Middle Age Retirement Age Primary Education Secondary Education PostSecondary Education UnderGraduate Degree PostGraduate Degree Private Employee SelfEmployed Unemployed Retiree Others Indian Chinese Malay T20 M40 High Rise Residences Low Rise Residences 3.91/5.00 3.93/5.00 4.01/5.00 3.96/5.00 3.90/5.00 3.92/5.00 4.28/5.00 3.95/5.00 4.11/5.00 3.91/5.00 3.96/5.00 3.80/5.00 4.00/5.00 4.02/5.00 3.76/5.00 3.97/5.00 4.18/5.00 4.00/5.00 3.90/5.00 4.25/5.00 3.91/5.00 3.94/5.00 The following mean statistics are derived from the composite score of all 10 ecomobility items. MOB for the Disabled respondents was higher than the Abled respondents but the difference is small. MOB for Retirement Age was higher than Middle Age and Youth but the difference is very small. MOB for Low Rise Residences was higher than MOB for High Rise Residences, but the difference is very small. MOB for Others was higher than Indian, Chinese and Malay but the difference is small. MOB for Primary Education is the highest, while MOB for Post-Graduate Degree is the lowest among all education levels. MOB for Retiree is the highest, while MOB for Self-Employed is the lowest among all occupations. MOB for T20 was higher than MOB for M40 and B40, but the difference is small. BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ECOMOBIILITY 109

I realize the importance of taking care of natural resources is important. MEAN: 3.15 / 5.00 69% Conservation of resources can be improved through eco-tourism. MEAN: 4.34 / 5.00 87% Eco-tourism can improve infrastructure such as roads. MEAN: 4.21 / 5.00 84% Eco-tourism can promote local cultural heritage. MEAN: 4.32 / 5.00 86% Eco-tourism gives benefits to the environment in George Town. MEAN: 4.25 / 5.00 85% I always volunteer at eco-tourism destinations. MEAN: 4.19 / 5.00 84% Eco-tourism provides job opportunities to the locals. MEAN: 4.18 / 5.00 84% Eco-tourism improves the quality of life of locals. MEAN: 4.32 / 5.00 86% Eco-tourism fosters a sense of pride and cultural preservation. MEAN: 4.29 / 5.00 86% Eco-tourism can preserve existing natural resources in George Town. MEAN: 3.68 / 5.00 74% TOU3 TOU5 TOU7 TOU9 TOU2 TOU4 TOU6 TOU8 TOU 10 TOU1 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ECOTOURISM 110

Code No. of Items Internal Consistency Cronbach Alpha Mean Median Mode TOU 10 Good .856 4.191 4.300 5.000 The following mean statistics are derived from the composite score of all 10 ecotourism items. Public Employee Female Male Disabled Abled 4.15/5.00 4.25/5.00 4.56/5.00 4.18/5.00 Youth Middle Age Retirement Age Primary Education Secondary Education PostSecondary Education UnderGraduate Degree PostGraduate Degree Private Employee SelfEmployed Unemployed Retiree Others Indian Chinese Malay High Rise Residences Low Rise Residences 4.18/5.00 4.28/5.00 4.17/5.00 4.08/5.00 4.23/5.00 4.29/5.00 4.10/5.00 4.17/5.00 4.29/5.00 4.16/5.00 4.23/5.00 4.27/5.00 4.21/5.00 4.32/5.00 4.11/5.00 4.24/5.00 4.21/5.00 4.21/5.00 4.19/5.00 4.23/5.00 4.24/5.00 4.14/5.00 T20 M40 B40 TOU for Youth was higher than Middle Age and Retirement Age but the difference is very small. TOU for Indian was higher than Malay, Chinese and others, but the difference is very small. TOU for Female was higher than Male but the difference is very small. TOU for Disabled respondents was higher than Abled respondents but the difference is very small. TOU for Primary Education is the highest, while TOU for Post-Secondary Education among all education levels. TOU for Public Employee is the highest, while TOU for Self-Employed was lowest among all ocupational. TOU for T20 was higher than M40 and B40, but the difference is very small. TOU for High Rise Residences was higher than Low Rise Residences, but the difference is very small. BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ECOTOURISM 111

Bicycle lanes ensure the safety of cyclists. MEAN: 3.89 / 5.00 78% Garbage collection points are easily accessible for residents. MEAN: 3.70 / 5.00 74% I separate household waste based on its categories. MEAN: 3.57 / 5.00 75% I am aware of the location of recycling centres around George Town. MEAN: 3.88 / 5.00 78% I am conscious of my energy electrical usage. MEAN: 4.45 / 5.00 89% Walking can reduce the carbon emissions in George Town MEAN: 4.12 / 5.00 82% I separate the food waste from my general waste. MEAN: 3.45 / 5.00 69% I practise the 3Rs (reuse, reduce, recycle) at home. MEAN: 3.45 / 5.00 69% I make an effort in reducing the generation of household waste. MEAN: 4.41 / 5.00 88% I am conscious of my water usage. MEAN: 3.62 / 5.00 72% CON1 CON3 CON5 CON7 CON9 CON2 CON4 CON6 CON8 CON10 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ECOCONSCIOUSNESS 112

Code No. of Items Internal Consistency Cronbach Alpha Mean Median Mode CON 10 Acceptable .776 3.949 4.000 4.000 The following mean statistics are derived from the composite score of all 10 ecoconsciousness items. Public Employee Female Male Disabled Abled 3.92/5.00 4.00/5.00 4.10/5.00 3.95/5.00 Youth Middle Age Retirement Age Primary Education Secondary Education PostSecondary Education UnderGraduate Degree PostGraduate Degree Private Employee SelfEmployed Unemployed Retiree Others Indian Chinese Malay High Rise Residences Low Rise Residences 3.93/5.00 3.97/5.00 4.02/5.00 3.99/5.00 3.93/5.00 3.94/5.00 4.07/5.00 3.93/5.00 3.94/5.00 3.95/5.00 4.00/5.00 3.96/5.00 4.08/5.00 3.86/5.00 4.00/5.00 3.80/5.00 3.97/5.00 4.03/5.00 4.02/5.00 3.88/5.00 T20 M40 B40 3.95/5.00 3.96/5.00 CON for Female was higher than Male but the difference is very small. CON for High Rise Residences was higher than MOB Low Rise Residences, but the difference is very small. CON for T20 was higher than M40 and B40, but the difference is very small. CON for Under-Graduate Degree is the highest, while CON for Secondary Education is the lowest among all education levels. CON for Public Employed is the highest, while CON Self-Employed was the lowest among all occupations. CON for Disabled respondents was higher than Abled respondents but the difference is very small. CON for Retirement Age was higher than Middle Age and Youth Age but the difference is very small. CON for Others was higher than Indian, Chinese and Malay but the difference is very small. BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ECOCONSCIOUSNESS 113

The many tourists in the George Town causes congestion of public transport. MEAN: 3.29 / 5.00 66% Tourists’ noise sometimes affects my quality of life. MEAN: 3.61 / 5.00 72% MEAN: 3.66 / 5.00 73% MEAN: 3.31 / 5.00 66% I try to avoid the places most frequently visited by tourists in George Town. MEAN: 3.08 / 5.00 62% Over-tourism contributes to traffic congestion in George Town. MEAN: 4.66 / 5.00 93% Over tourism increases pollution in George Town. Over tourism increases waste generation in OVT1 George Town. OVT2 OVT7 OVT9 Over tourism is the cause of social conflict in George Town. MEAN: 3.55 / 5.00 71% Excessive tourists increase the level of noise pollution in George Town. MEAN: 3.18 / 5.00 64% OVT3 OVT4 Over tourism threatens the safety of the residents in George Town. MEAN: 3.11 / 5.00 62% The many tourists visiting George Town was a cause of discomfort. MEAN: 3.51 / 5.00 70% OVT5 OVT6 OVT8 OVT10 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS IMPACT OF OVERTOURISM 114

Public Employee Female Male Disabled Abled 3.40/5.00 3.37/5.00 2.88/5.00 3.40/5.00 Youth Middle Age Retirement Age Primary Education Secondary Education PostSecondary Education UnderGraduate Degree PostGraduate Degree Private Employee SelfEmployed Unemployed Retiree Others Indian Chinese Malay High Rise Residences Low Rise Residences 3.31/5.00 3.67/5.00 3.48/5.00 3.45/5.00 3.46/5.00 2.95/5.00 3.53/5.00 3.41/5.00 3.96/5.00 3.31/5.00 3.37/5.00 3.49/5.00 3.34/5.00 3.42/5.00 3.67/5.00 3.45/5.00 3.75/5.00 3.30/5.00 3.40/5.00 3.62/5.00 3.31/5.00 3.47/5.00 T20 M40 B40 Code No. of Items Internal Consistency Cronbach Alpha Mean Median Mode OVT 10 Excellent .925 3.392 3.600 5.000 The following mean statistics are derived from the composite score of all 10 ecoconsciousness items. OVT for Low Rise Residences was higher than OVT High Rise Residences, but the difference is very small. OVT for T20 was higher than MOB M40 and B40, but the difference is very small. OVT for Primary Education is the highest, while OVT for Post-Secondary Education is the lowest among education levels. OVT for Retiree is the highest, while OVT for Private Employee is the lowest among all occupations. OVT for Abled respondents was higher than Disabled respondents but the difference is small. OVT for Youth was higher than Middle Age and Retirement Age but the difference is very small. OVT for Others was higher than Indian, Chinese and Malay, but the difference is very small. OVT for Male was higher than Female but the difference is small. BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS IMPACT OF OVERTOURISM 115

71% 80% 90% MEAN: 4.28 / 5.00 MEAN: 3.92 / 5.00 We are approaching the limit of the number of people the Earth can support. MEAN: 3.26 / 5.00 65% When humans interfere with nature it often produces disastrous consequences. MEAN: 3.54 / 5.00 Humans are seriously abusing the environment. MEAN: 4.44 / 5.00 89% Plants and animals have as much right as humans to exist. MEAN: 4.10 / 5.00 82% Despite our special abilities, humans are still subject to the laws of nature. MEAN: 3.77 / 5.00 75% Humans have the right to modify the natural environment to suit their needs. MEAN: 4.01 / 5.00 Human ingenuity will ensure that we do not make the Earth unlivable. MEAN: 4.03 / 5.00 81% The Earth has plenty of natural resources if we just learn how to develop them. MEAN: 4.50 / 5.00 The balance of nature is strong enough to cope with the impacts of modern industrial nations. 86% The so-called “ecological crisis” facing humankind has been greatly exaggerated. 78% NEP1 NEP3 NEP5 NEP7 NEP9 NEP2 NEP4 NEP6 NEP8 NEP10 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS NEW ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM QUESTION 1 - 10 116

The Earth is like a spaceship with very limited room and resources. MEAN: 3.09 / 5.00 62% The balance of nature is very delicate and easily upset. MEAN: 4.05 / 5.00 81% Humans were meant to rule over the rest of nature. MEAN: 4.07 / 5.00 81% Humans will eventually learn enough about how nature works to be able to control it. MEAN: 4.35 / 5.00 87% NEP11 NEP13 NEP12 NEP14 If things continue on their present course, we will soon experience a major ecological catastrophe. MEAN: 4.08 / 5.00 82% NEP15 BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS NEW ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM QUESTION 11 - 15 117

CODE NEW ECOLOGICAL PARADGIM SCALE MOB TOU CON OVT NEP 1 We are approaching the limit of the number of people the Earth can support. rho .074 .185** .157** -.043 p .111 .000 .001 .355 NEP 2 Humans have the right to modify the natural environment to suit their needs. rho .006 .105* .047 .002 p .891 .025 .315 .972 NEP 3 When humans interfere with nature it often produces disastrous consequences. rho .028 .098* .037 .035 p .550 .036 .427 .451 NEP 4 Human ingenuity will ensure that we do not make the Earth unlivable. rho .095* .097* .046 .092* p .042 .038 .325 .048 NEP 5 Humans are seriously abusing the environment. rho .086 .118* .045 .015 p .065 .011 .334 .755 NEP 6 The Earth has plenty of natural resources if we just learn how to develop them. rho .145** .263** .141** -.044 p .002 .000 .002 .348 NEP 7 Plants and animals have as much right as humans to exist. rho .082 .240** .085 -.034 p .081 .000 .070 .461 NEP 8 The balance of nature is strong enough to cope with the impacts of modern industrial nations. rho .119* .232** .116* .044 p .010 .000 .013 .347 NEP 9 Despite our special abilities, humans are still subject to the laws of nature. rho .124** .299** .162** .079 p .008 .000 .000 .090 NEP 10 The so-called “ecological crisis” facing humankind has been greatly exaggerated. rho .194** .200** .201** .045 p .000 .000 .000 .338 NEP 11 The Earth is like a spaceship with very limited room and resources. rho .044 .214** .086 -.008 p .351 .000 .066 .858 NEP 12 Humans were meant to rule over the rest of nature. rho .053 .083 .109* .154** p .254 .077 .019 .001 NEP 13 The balance of nature is very delicate and easily upset. rho .069 .271** .174** -.091 p .141 .000 .000 .052 NEP 14 Humans will eventually learn enough about how nature works to be able to control it. rho .146** .331** .183** -.033 p .002 .000 .000 .483 NEP 15 If things continue on their present course, we will soon experience a major ecological catastrophe. rho .052 .251** .167** -.060 p .265 .000 .000 .200 CODE COMPOSITE VARIABLES No. of Items Internal Consistency Cronbach Alpha Mean Med Mode MOB ECOMOBILITY 10 Good .866 3.926 4.000 5.000 TOU ECOTOURISM 10 Good .856 4.191 4.300 5.000 CON ECOCONSCIOUSNESS 10 Acceptable .776 3.949 4.000 4.000 OVT OVERTOURISM 10 Excellent .925 3.392 3.600 5.000 Note. **Correlation is significant at 0.01 level (2-tailed); *Correlation is significant at 0.05 level (2-tailed) UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS CORRELATIONAL ANALYSIS ON NEW ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM 118

HOW DO YOU DEAL WITH TRAFFIC ISSUES IN GEORGE TOWN ? HOW DO NOISE LEVELS IN GEORGE TOWN DIFFER BETWEEN MORNING AND NIGHT ? HOW WOULD YOU DESCRIBE THE UNIQUE URBAN CHARACTERISTICS OF GEORGE TOWN ? WHAT ARE YOUR SUGGESTIONS TO IMPROVE THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF GEORGE TOWN ? WHAT IMPROVEMENT SHOULD BE PROPOSED FOR THE WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GEORGE TOWN ? 4.1% 2.8% 13.5% 3.5% 17.2% 18.5% 2% 5.9% 19.3% 13.3% Alternative Road Avoid Congested Place Avoid Peak Hour Car Pooling Public Transport Motorcycle Bicycle Walking Acceptable Undisclosed 51.1% 7.8% 15% 4.1% 17% 0.2% 4.8% Morning Night No Difference Depend On Situation Acceptable Non-Acceptable Undisclosed 3.7% 3.3% 12% 20.4% 17.4% 43.3% Harmonious Coexistence Natural Character Landscapes Unsatisfied Satisfied Undisclosed 1.3% 1.1% 11.3% 13.5% 16.5% 21.5% 19.3% 15.4% Heritage Preservation Government Community Awareness Waste Management Public Transport Enviornmental Satisfied Undisclosed 5.7% 2.6% 3% 4.3% 5.9% 11.1% 26.3% 41.1% Infrastructure Government Community Waste Segregation Improve Collect Schedule Increase Trash Bins Satisfied Undisclosed BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS THEMATIC FINDINGS ON OPEN ENDED RESPONSES 119

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION HOLDS SIGNIFICANT IMPORTANCE FOR THE TOURISTS IN GEORGE TOWN ECO-TPLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN CONSERVE OF NATURAL RESOURCES. OVER-TOURISM PROFOUNDLY INFLUENLOCAL COMMUNITY. THE EARTH IS RICH IN RESOURCES, IF WE KNOW HOW TO USE THEM WISELY.The public transportation services are widely acknowledged by the local community as essential and integral components of their daily lives. The presence of accessible buses for wheelchair users is deemed essential in the local area, and the improved accessibility of bus stops in Georgetown significantly enhances convenience. 75% of respondents express satisfaction with the Penang Smart Parking Systems and appreciate the thoughtfully planned rear passages that promote cycling, thereby aiding in alleviating traffic congestion on the roads. ECOMOBILITY ECOTOURISM OVERTOURISM N W E ECOLOGICALPARADIGM ECOCONCIOUSNESS The survey findings highlight the heightened awareness among the local community regarding their electricity usage. 82% of respondents recognize walking as an environmentally friendly method to reduce carbon emissions. The survey emphasizes the critical role of infrastructure, specifically highlighting how the existence of bicycle lanes significantly improves cyclist safety in George Town. The survey reveals an acknowledgment that leveraging ecotourism holds promise for enhancing local resources. 87% of respondents reached a consensus that ecotourism can effectively promote the preservation of local cultural heritage and facilitate the continuity of cultural identity. The local community believes that the cultural heritage in George Town provides environmental benefits. The survey results reveal a unanimous consensus among 93% of respondents that over-tourism contributes to traffic congestion. Participants are cognizant that excessive tourism leads to heightened pollution levels in George Town. Additionally, respondents acknowledge occasional disruptions caused by the noise generated by tourists. These results demonstrate the high value of a pro-ecological worldview encompassing NEP 5, NEP 6, NEP 8, and NEP 14. The results suggest a lower environmental concern within the local community, with even-numbered components receiving more attention than their odd-numbered counterparts. The notable significance at the levels of p=0.01 and 0.05 indicates a positive correlation, particularly concerning tourism components. This underscores the influence of local community environmental perspectives on the observed phenomenon. UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX CONCLUSION HIGHLIGHTS OF KEY FINDINGS 120

WASTE MANAGEMENT NOISELEVELS TRAFFIC ISSUES UNIQUE URBAN CHARATERIS T CI S E N VIRONMENTAL QUALITY The survey finding that 19.3% consider the traffic situation acceptable in may be influenced by the presence of a well-organized and efficient transportation system, encompassing road networks and public transport options. Additionally, strategic avoidance of peak hours, the use of motorcycles, and public transportation were notable strategies utilized by respondents to mitigate traffic-related challenges. These approaches highlight a proactive and diverse set of measures adopted by individuals to navigate and mitigate issues associated with traffic congestion. The survey findings indicate that 51.1% of respondents, representing a significant majority, perceived the morning noise level in George Town to be higher than that at night, reflecting a rate of 7.8%. A notable portion of respondents noted no discernible difference between noise levels during the day and night. Conversely, a considerable number of respondents found the noise level in George Town to be acceptable. A significant 43.3% of the respondents chose not to disclose their answer when asked about how they articulate distinct natural features in George Town. Contributions to natural characteristics were notable among the surveyed individuals, reflecting a keen awareness and appreciation for the unique features of Georgetown's landscape. Furthermore, the substantial interest in the landscape aspect indicates that the community has a significant appreciation for the visual and ecological elements of Georgetown's environment. The survey underscores that the majority of respondents provided 21.5% of suggestions for enhancing public transport and traffic management in Georgetown. A respondents also offered suggestions concerning environmental conservation measures aimed at improving the overall quality of the environment. Additionally, respondents put forward initiatives related to waste management and recycling as contributions toward environmental improvement. 41.1% of respondents did not provide specific suggestions or comments for improving waste management in George Town. Several respondents have made specific recommendations to increase the number of trash bins in George Town. Additionally, respondents express satisfaction with the current waste management system, attributing their contentment to the effective implementation of well-managed waste practices. BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX CONCLUSION HIGHLIGHTS OF KEY FINDINGS 121

The survey in George Town highlights positive views on free public transportation and strong support for sustainability. They express concerns about environmental issues and have initiatives to minimize their environmental impact. However, they do not consistently practice eco-friendly habits, such as waste separation at home. Moreover, the examination of the pro-ecological worldview through NEP components indicates that the local community in George Town holds a low level of environmental concern. The proliferation of numerous survey questions may impose significant time constraints on respondents, contributing to survey fatigue as they navigate through an extensive array of inquiries. This heightened cognitive load and potential time limitations can adversely impact the thoroughness with each question, possibly leading to incomplete or hastily provided responses and consequently diminishing the overall quality and depth of the data collected. contributionlimitation future research UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX CONCLUSION CONTRIBUTION & LIMITATION POTENTIAL FUTURE RESEARCH Consider streamlining the survey by prioritizing essential questions and eliminating redundancies. Additionally, optimize the questionnaire's clarity and providing respondents with clear instructions and estimated completion times can manage expectations and potentially alleviate survey fatigue. Moreover, consider incorporating userfriendly features such as progress indicators or breaks between sections to enhance the overall respondent experience and encourage thoughtful responses. 122

sumary sumaryThe survey results indicate a favorable perception of the efficacy of complimentary public transportation in George Town. The local community expresses delight with bus services, particularly praising the convenience of CAT, BEST, and CATBridge. They value wheelchair-friendly buses and appreciate the ease of locating bus stops, contributing to a positive public transport experience. Interestingly, the survey extensively explores ecotourism, shedding light on respondents' commitment to preserving natural resources, participating in ecotourism volunteering, and recognizing its environmental advantages. Furthermore, these findings align with sustainable travel practices. Survey respondents clearly prefer sustainable behaviors, such as cycling, walking, waste segregation, and a commitment to the 3Rs principle (reuse, reduce, recycle). Favorable comments about the accessibility of waste disposal sites and awareness of recycling facilities highlight the proactive stance of residents towards effective waste management practices. However, residents in George Town express notable concerns about the effects of overtourism. They are troubled by increased pollution, heightened waste generation, social conflicts, amplified noise pollution, and compromised safety. The discomfort arising from the overwhelming presence of tourists and congestion in public transport strongly indicates the challenges faced in managing and mitigating the negative impacts of tourism on the local community. In summary, the survey findings align with the objective of comprehensively understanding and addressing issues in George Town, showcasing a range of perspectives and proactive measures taken by the community to enhance their living environment. BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX CONCLUSION SUMMARY OF SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STUDY 123

3 Increase Numbers of 3R Bins Collaborate with local authorities to propose a plan for installing more 3R bins. Conduct training sessions or workshops for the public on proper waste segregation and the effective use of 3R bins to maximize their impact. 4 Elevating the Emphasis on Public Transport Utilization Implement advanced real-time systems to provide seamless commuter updates, thereby enhancing the reliability and appeal of public transport and alleviating traffic congestion. Dedicate lanes to buses, strategically prioritizing public transport, reducing travel times, and making it a compelling choice over private vehicles. 1 Improving Facilities of Buses It is paramount to elevate the infrastructure of bus shelters and stops to attract user attention. Additionally, improvements for wheelchair and bicycle accessibility are necessary. Conduct an assessment and adjust bus routes to expand coverage into additional areas, ensuring efficient connectivity between key destinations. Fostering Ecotourism Awareness Locally 2 Collaborate with schools to integrate environmental education, providing presentations and field trips to foster an early appreciation for natural resources. Organize workshops and seminars to educate residents on the principles of ecotourism and its positive impact on the conservation of natural resources. UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS 124