TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STUDY UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX FIELDWORK MANAGEMENT CONTENT3.5.1 INTRODUCTION TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN GEORGE TOWN ISSUES AND CHALLENGES EXISTING EFFORT AND APPROACHES 3.5.1.1 3.5.1.2 3.5.1.3 3.5.1.4 GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 3.5.2 GENERAL RESEARCH ACTIVITY 3.5.3 METHODOLOGY INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY ITEMS SAMPLING METHOD 3.5.3.1 3.5.3.2 3.5.3.3 3.5.3.4 FEASIBILITY STUDY 3.5.3.5 FIELDWORK EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURS 3.5.4 ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS INTRODUCTION RESPONDENTS PROFILE MASTER DATA 3.5.4.1 3.5.4.2 3.5.4.3 3.5.4.4 ECOMOBILITY 3.5.4.5 ECOTOURISM 3.5.4.6 ECOCONSCIOUS 3.5.4.7 IMPACT OF OVERTOURISM 3.5.4.8 NEW ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM SCALE (NEP) 3.5.4.9 CORRELATIONAL ANALYSIS ON NEP 3.5.4.10 THEMATIC FINDINGS ON OPEN-ENDED RESPONSES 3.5.5 CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS 3.5.5.1 3.5.5.2 3.5.5.3 POTENTIAL FUTURE RESEARCH 3.5.5.4 CONTRIBUTION AND LIMITATION HIGHLIGHTS OF KEY FINDINGS SUMMARY OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STUDY 3.5.5.5 3.5.3.6 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION 125-130 125 126 126 126 132 127 128-136 128 129 130 130 131 140-141 133-147 133 134 135 136-137 138-139 147 142-143 144-145 146 148-156 148-149 150 150 151 152 Detailed
BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX Tourism development in George Town brings challenges, focusing on ecomobility, ecotourism, ecoconsciousness, overtourism impact, and the proecological worldview via New Ecological Paradigm Scale. This aims to gather insights crucial for responsible tourism. Assessing ecomobility serves as evidence of respondents' perceptions amid known traffic congestion. Promoting eco-friendly attractions through ecotourism aids in environmental preservation. The survey enhances tourists' satisfaction, assessing overtourism components. The pro-ecological worldview ensures tourists' environmental concern, fostering a harmonious balance between tourism development and heritage preservation for a sustainable experience. INTRODUCTION TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN GEORGE TOWN GEORGE TOWN, PENANG 125
ISSUES & CHALLENGES EFFORTS & APPROACHES GOAL & OBJECTIVES UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX RESEARCH GOAL To explore the tourists’ perspectives on ecomobility, ecotourism, eco-consciousness, overtourism impact, as well as their pro-ecological worldviews and how these values shape their views on urban and environmental aspects in George Town. To identify the tourists’ perception regarding ecomobility, ecotourism, ecoconsciousness and overtourism impact in George Town. To determine the tourists’ level of pro-ecological worldview via the New Ecological Paradigm Scale. To establish a connection between the pro-ecological values and views on ecomobility, ecotourism, eco-consciousness, and the impact of overtourism in George Town. To explore tourists’ perceptions on waste management, challenges associated with parking, eco-friendly transportation and suggestions related to heritage preservation and promotion of heritage conservation in George Town. OBJECTIVE1 OBJECTIVE 2 OBJECTIVE 3 OBJECTIVE 4 Decrease in Satisfaction During Traveling Lack of Awareness in Green Practices Lack of Environmental Awareness Tourists may lack awareness of green practices and the urgency of environmental issues in George Town. Prolonged traffic congestion and an influx of tourists can lead to a decline in tourists' satisfaction. Encourage Sustainable Practices Encourage tourists to engage in sustainable forms of tourism and increase their awareness of environmental issues. Enhance the Level Satisfaction During Traveling Recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage site in 2008, it engages tourists in involvement. Encourage Environmental Preservation and Conservation George Town preservation and conservation activities involve tourist engagement. Tourists lack basic environmental knowledge and are unaware of the hazards caused by their behavior. 1 2 3 INTRODUCTION 126
Research Question Research Objectives Research Inquires Research Variables Research Outcome How do the tourists’ perceive ecomobility, ecotourism, ecoconsciousness and overtourism impact in George Town ? To identify the tourists’ perception regarding ecomobility, ecotourism, ecoconsciousness and overtourism impact in George Town. The tourists’ perception regarding ecomobility, ecotourism, ecoconsciousness and overtourism impact in George Town. Interval Variables: 10 items (each) of 5-Likert-Scale on (i) ecomobility, (ii) ecotourism, (iii) eco-consciousness and (iv) overtourism impact. Nominal & Ordinal Variables of socio-demographic profiles. Mean Statistics of 10 items of (i) ecomobility, (ii) ecotourism, (iii) eco-consciousness and (iv) overtourism impact in George Town individually and across selected respondents’ socio-demographic profiles. How do the tourists’ of George Town express their pro-ecological worldviews, as assessed by the New Ecological Paradigm Scale? To determine the tourists’ level of pro-ecological worldview via New Ecological Paradigm Scale. The tourists’ level of pro-ecological worldview via New Ecological Paradigm Scale. Interval Variables: 15 items of 5-Likert-Scale derived from New Ecological Paradigm Scale. Mean Statistics on pro-ecological worldview via New Ecological Paradigm Scale. How do the pro-ecological values of the tourists’ shape their view towards ecomobility, ecotourism, ecoconsciousness, and the impact of overtourism in George Town? To establish a connection between the tourists’ pro-ecological values and their views on ecomobility, ecotourism, ecoconsciousness, and the impact of overtourism in George Town. The relationship between the tourists’ proecological values and their views on ecomobility, ecotourism, ecoconsciousness, and the impact of overtourism in George Town. Interval Variables: (i) ecomobility, (ii) ecotourism, (iii) ecoconsciousness, (iv) overtourism impact and (v) pro-ecological values based on New Ecological Paradigm Scale. Spearman Correlation (rho) between pro-ecological values and (i) ecomobility, (ii) ecotourism, (iii) ecoconsciousness, and (iv) overtourism impact. What are the tourists’ perceptions on waste management, challenges associated with parking, ecofriendly transportation and suggestions related to heritage preservation and promotion of heritage conservation in George Town? To explore tourists’ perceptions on waste management, challenges associated with parking, ecofriendly transportation and suggestions related to heritage preservation and promotion of heritage conservation in George Town. The tourists’ perceptions on waste management, challenges associated with parking, ecofriendly transportation and suggestions related to heritage preservation and promotion of heritage conservation in George Town. Nominal Variables: (i) waste management, (ii) challenges associated with parking, (iii) eco-friendly transportation and suggestions related to (iv) heritage preservation and (v) promotion of heritage conservation in George Town. Thematic Findings on textual responses on waste management, challenges associated with parking, ecofriendly transportation and suggestions related to heritage preservation and promotion of heritage conservation in George Town. GENERAL RESEARCH ACTIVITIES RESEARCH INQUIRES VARIABLES & OUTCOME BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 127
OVERT O URISMIMPACT ECOMOBILITY N WE E C O LOGICALPARADIGM E COTOURISM ECO C ONSCIOUSNESS Ecomobility in the context of tourism refers to the use of sustainable transport systems, such as the use of electric vehicles, efficient public transport, and environmentally effective means of travel. It includes efforts to encourage tourists to use environmentally friendly vehicles to reduce the negative impact on the environment while exploring tourist destinations. This allows tourists to spend their time in a more environmentally friendly and efficient manner. Sources: Prillwitz, J. and Barr, S. (2011), “Moving towards sustainability? mobility styles, attitudes and individual travel behavior”, Journal of Transport Geography, Vol. 19 No. 6, pp. 1590-1600. From the viewpoint of tourists, environmental concern is the knowledge and action of safeguarding the environment through the selection of eco-friendly travel destinations, prudent resource use, eco-friendly modes of transportation, ethical sharing of experiences, and support for sustainable businesses. Sources: Björk , P. 1998 . “ How much do Finnish tourists value sustainable tourism? ” . In Dynamic aspects in tourism development , Edited by: Aho , S. , Ilola , H. and Järviluoma , J. 53 – 76 . Rovaniemi : University of Lapland, Faculty of Social Sciences . Concepts like the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) represent a person's beliefs and perspectives towards the environment. It includes viewpoints that stress the interdependence of all living things, acknowledge the effects of human activity on the environment, and emphasise the necessity of sustainable behaviours to preserve ecological balance. NEP represents a change in priorities towards conservation, environmental preservation, and a more peaceful coexistence of humans and environment. Sources; Cordano , M. , Welcomer , S.A. and Scherer , R.F. 2003 . An analysis of the predictive validity of the new ecological paradigm scale . The Journal of Environmental Education Overtourism impact refers to the potential negative impacts resulting from an excessive presence of tourists in a specific destination. It involves congestion, environmental impact, effects on local culture, and economic imbalances that may affect the tourist experience and the sustainability of the visited destination. Sources: Walmsley, A. Overtourism and underemployment: A modern labour market dilemma. In Proceedings of the Responsible Tourism in Destinations 13: Tackling Overtourism—Local Responses, Reykjavik, Iceland, 29–30 September 2017 Eco-tourism from a tourism perspective involves awareness and action to support environmentally, socially and culturally responsible tourism destinations. It involves tourists choosing and experiencing tourism activities that minimize negative impacts on the environment, respect local culture, and benefit local communities. Acott , T. , La Trobe , H. and Howard , S. 1998 . An evaluation of deep ecotourism and shallow ecotourism . Journal of Sustainable Tourism. INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX METHODOLOGY 128
TOU 1 TOU 2 TOU 3 TOU 4 TOU 5 TOU 6 TOU 7 TOU 8 TOU 9 TOU 10 Free public transportation is great for mobility. Central Area Transit makes it easy to get around George Town. BEST simplifies travel between Seberang Perai & Bayan Lepas. CATBridge simplifies travel to and from Komtar. The wheel-chair friendly buses are essential for the tourists. The location of the bus stop can be easily found in George Town. I am comfortable using public transport. I use the public bus to travel to places in George Town. The well-designed back alley encourages me to cycle in George Town. The back alley reduces the traffic congestion on the road. MOB 1 MOB 2 MOB 3 MOB 4 MOB 5 MOB 6 MOB 7 MOB 8 MOB 9 MOB10 Over-tourism can increase the local economy. Over-tourism can be negative to the environment. Over-tourism causes pollution. Overtourism increases waste generation. Over-tourism can cause congestion. Over-tourism makes it harder to find peaceful places to relax. Over-tourism causes difficulty in accessing popular attractions. Over-tourism causes an increase in waiting time at hotspot locations. Over-tourism disrupts one's inner peace while travelling. The personal safety risk increases. CON 1 CON 2 CON 3 CON 4 CON 5 CON 6 CON 7 CON 8 CON 9 CON 10 I am very interested in outdoor recreational activities. I was amazed by the natural beauty here. I think ecotourism is able to reduce environmental pollution. I consider my carbon footprint when traveling. I will choose an environmentally friendly way of travel. I prioritise environmental conservation tourism. Eco-tourism contributes to responsible tourism. Eco-tourism deserves to be developed. Eco- tourism emphasis on environmental sustainability. Eco-tourism helps in environmental conservation. OVT 1 OVT 2 OVT 3 OVT 4 OVT 5 OVT 6 OVT 7 OVT 8 OVT 9 OVT 10 Bicycle lanes ensure the safety of cyclists. Walking can reduce the carbon emissions in George Town. Noise pollution has an effect on human health. There are many facilities of trash bins in George Town. I practise the 3Rs (reuse, reduce, recycle) concept when travelling. I will bring my environmentally friendly utensils while travelling. I am satisfied with the waste management in my accommodation. I prioritise eco-friendly products when travelling. I choose accommodation that have environmental policy. I chose to eat at a restaurant instead of packing it. We are approaching the limit of the number of people the Earth can support. Humans have the right to modify the natural environment to suit their needs. When humans interfere with nature it often produces disastrous consequences. Human ingenuity will insure that we do not make the Earth unlivable. Humans are seriously abusing the environment. The Earth has plenty of natural resources if we just learn how to develop them. Plants and animals have as much right as humans to exist. The balance of nature is strong enough to cope with the impacts of modern industrial nations. Despite our special abilities, humans are still subject to the laws of nature. The so-called “ecological crisis” facing humankind has been greatly exaggerated. The Earth is like a spaceship with very limited room and resources. Humans were meant to rule over the rest of nature. The balance of nature is very delicate and easily upset. Humans will eventually learn enough about how nature works to be able to control it. If things continue on their present course, we will soon experience a major ecological catastrophe. NEP 1 NEP 2 NEP 3 NEP 4 NEP 5 NEP 6 NEP 7 NEP 8 NEP 9 NEP 10 NEP 11 NEP 12 NEP 13 NEP 14 NEP 15 METHODOLOGY QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY ITEMS BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 129
sampling method feasibility study This study delineates specific objectives implemented through a random sampling technique to discern tourists' perceptions of selected components. A total of 460 respondents actively participated in the survey questionnaire. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The quantitative aspect utilized Likert Scale questions across five components: ecomobility, ecoconsciousness, overtourism impact, ecotourism, and the New Ecological Paradigm scale (NEP) to gauge the level of agreement within statements. Qualitatively, open-ended questions explored tourists' perceptions regarding traffic issues, noise levels, and unique urban characteristics, aiming to enhance the current conditions of George Town. The feasibility study was conducted in Kampung Baru, Kuala Lumpur, chosen for its similarities to George Town as a tourism development area. A team of 46 enumerators administered the survey questionnaire, engaging both domestic and international tourists to gather their perceptions. The insights gained from respondents' responses play a pivotal role in refining the current questionnaire. Ensuring a nuanced understanding of the questionnaire is crucial for indicating the relevance and accuracy of the questions. The diverse context of Kampung Baru provides valuable insights that align with the study's objectives and offer avenues for improvement in future research. SAMPLING METHOD & FEASIBILITY STUDY UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX METHODOLOGY 130
START NO BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX OMIT ITEM FROM QUESTIONNAIRE OMIT ITEM FROM QUESTIONNAIRE OMIT ITEM FROM QUESTIONNAIRE FIELDWORK EXECUTION & ONLINE DATABASE UPDATE INPUT ITEM SCORE FOR EACH COMPONENT ADOPTING QUESTIONNAIRE ITEMS FROM PAST STUDIES ARE ITEMS APPROPRIATE? ADJUST ITEM FOR QUESTIONNAIRE ALMOST YES NO DEVELOPMENT OF QUESTIONNAIRE FORM VALIDATED BY EXPERT? ALMOST YES NO VIABLE DURING FEASIBILITY STUDY? ALMOST YES NO ADOPT ITEM IN QUESTIONNAIRE ADJUST ITEM FOR QUESTIONNAIRE ADOPT ITEM IN QUESTIONNAIRE ADJUST ITEM FOR QUESTIONNAIRE ADOPT ITEM IN QUESTIONNAIRE THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF TEXTUAL RESPONSES OUTPUT OF DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR EACH ITEM REPORT WRITING & PRESENTATION END YES OPEN ENDED? METHODOLOGY FIELDWORK EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES 131 QUESTIONNAIRE FORMS CLIPBOARDS PERSONAL COMPUTER GOOGLE FORMS DATA ANALYSIS TOOLS
FAIR REPRESENTATION CLEAR PURPOSE RESPECT CULTURALSENSITIVITIES AVOIDANCE OF DISCRIMINATION DATA SECURITY TRANSPARENT REPORTING Clearly communicating intentions, goals, and decisions fosters transparency with respondents, building trust and preventing confusion or data misuse. Fairly representing all perspectives, avoiding biases, promoting diversity, and combating discrimination contribute to a just and inclusive society. Coordinating survey questions and approaches to align with cultural contexts involves using neutral language, ensuring quality content, and avoiding insensitive questions. Ensuring survey questions and processes avoid discrimination based on religion, race, or country prevents bias against any individual or group of respondents. Implementing robust measures for data collection and analysis, ensuring informed consent, and transparently conveying information about data usage and protection are essential for legitimate purposes. Transparently reporting survey results, including limitations and biases, is crucial for ethical considerations, maintaining honesty, credibility, and supporting informed decisionmaking for research purposes. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX METHODOLOGY 132
introduction introduction Undertaking a survey questionnaire focusing on ecomobility, ecotourism, eco-consciousness, and the repercussions of over-tourism in George Town is crucial for obtaining a thorough understanding of tourists' perspectives and behaviors. This information is fundamental for urban planning, policymaking, and engaging with tourists, establishing a solid basis for making informed decisions. The insights derived from the survey will facilitate the development of strategies that not only advocate for sustainable practices but also prioritize the overall well-being of both tourists and the local residents in George Town. Analyzing sociodemographic factors encompasses a thorough investigation into key elements, including age, gender, types of tourists, travel motives, and other relevant characteristics within the surveyed population. This indepth exploration is crucial for obtaining a nuanced understanding of respondents' profiles, thereby enhancing the contextualization of survey responses and findings. Statistical measures are applied to analyze the 5-Likert Scale questions, spanning from strongly agree to strongly disagree. This evaluation encompasses frequency and percentage distributions, along with the computation of mean, mode, and median values. These statistical metrics offer a comprehensive insight into participant responses, emphasizing central tendencies in their opinions. In addition, the survey encourages respondents to contribute qualitative insights, share personal experiences, and provide additional perspectives. Thematic findings from open-ended responses reveal recurring topics and insights expressed by respondents. This qualitative analysis uncovers nuanced perspectives, enabling a deeper understanding of the issues and sentiments conveyed through the open-ended responses. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS INTRODUCTION BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 133
VARIABLES SUBJECTS FREQ. % Gender Male 217 47.2 Female 243 52.8 Age Group Youth (15 – 24) 119 25.9 Middle Age (25 – 59) 292 63.5 Retirement Age (≥ 60) 49 10.7 Age Interval 10 - 19 14 3.0 20 - 29 176 38.3 30 - 39 114 24.8 40 - 49 63 13.7 50 - 59 47 10.2 60 - 69 35 7.6 70 - 79 11 2.4 Disability Abled 452 98.3 Disabled 8 1.7 Nationality by Region Africa 3 0.7 Asia & Pasific 375 81.5 Europe 61 13.3 Middle East 2 0.4 North America 2 0.4 South/Latin America 14 3.0 Undisclosed 3 0.7 Tourists Origins Domestic Tourists 252 54.8 International Tourists 208 45.2 Types of Tourists Leisure Tourists 163 35.4 Family Tourists 198 43.0 Backpackers 125 27.2 Motives of Travels Cultural Experience 153 33.3 Heritage Experience 118 25.7 Spiritual Experience 38 8.3 Recreational Experience 244 53.0 Retail Experience 75 16.3 Social Events 50 10.9 VARIABLES SUBJECTS FREQ. % Education Level Primary School 0 0.0 Secondary School 111 24.1 STPM/ Matric/ Foundation 15 3.3 Diploma 101 22.0 Bachelor Degree 163 35.4 Master Degree 53 11.5 PhD 9 2.0 Others 8 1.7 Occupation Public Employees 78 17.0 Private Employees 171 37.2 Self-Employed 89 19.3 Students 73 15.9 Housewife 18 3.9 Retiree 15 3.3 Unemployed 2 0.4 Undisclosed 14 3.0 Income Level B40 B1 (< RM 2,500) 152 33.0 B2 (RM 2,500 – RM 3,170) 71 15.4 B3 (RM 3,170 – RM 3,969) 45 9.8 B4 (RM 3,970 – RM 4,849) 36 7.8 M40 M1 (RM 4,850 – RM 5,879) 22 4.8 M2 (RM 5,880 – RM 7,099) 31 6.7 M3 (RM 7,110 – RM 8.699) 23 5.0 M4 (RM 8,700 – RM 10,959) 22 4.8 T20 T1 (RM 10,960 – RM 15,039) 22 4.8 T2 (> RM 15,039) 36 7.8 Dependent Group No Dependent 223 48.5 1 – 2 Dependents 144 31.3 3 – 4 Dependents 69 15.0 Over 5 Dependents 24 5.2 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS RESPONDENTS PROFILE 134
BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS MASTER DATA VARIABLES FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION CENTRAL TENDENCY 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 MEAN MEDIAN MODE MIN MAX MOB 1 27 11 49 86 287 5.9 2.4 10.7 18.7 62.4 4.29 5 5 1 5 MOB 2 22 22 75 106 235 4.8 4.8 16.3 23.0 51.1 4.11 5 5 1 5 MOB 3 30 23 106 106 195 6.5 5.0 23.0 23.0 42.4 3.90 4 5 1 5 MOB 4 23 16 105 111 205 5.0 3.5 22.8 24.1 44.6 4.00 4 5 1 5 MOB 5 16 14 90 104 236 3.5 3.0 19.6 22.6 51.3 4.15 5 5 1 5 MOB 6 19 20 83 122 216 4.1 4.3 18.0 26.5 47.0 4.08 4 5 1 5 MOB 7 29 18 95 111 207 6.3 3.9 20.7 24.1 45.0 3.98 4 5 1 5 MOB 8 82 53 89 73 163 17.8 11.5 19.3 15.9 35.4 3.40 4 5 1 5 MOB 9 61 52 109 118 120 13.3 11.3 23.7 25.7 26.1 3.40 4 5 1 5 MOB 10 35 46 121 101 157 7.6 10.0 26.3 22.0 34.1 3.65 4 5 1 5 TOU 1 46 39 76 114 185 10.0 8.5 16.5 24.8 40.2 3.77 4 5 1 5 TOU 2 2 10 36 91 321 0.4 2.2 7.8 19.8 69.8 4.56 5 5 1 5 TOU 3 16 14 67 114 249 3.5 3.0 14.6 24.8 54.1 4.23 5 5 1 5 TOU 4 10 24 85 147 194 2.2 5.2 18.5 32.0 42.2 4.07 4 5 1 5 TOU 5 39 35 89 111 186 8.5 7.6 19.3 24.1 40.4 3.80 4 5 1 5 TOU 6 68 40 104 108 140 14.8 8.7 22.6 23.5 30.4 3.46 4 5 1 5 TOU 7 18 23 87 135 197 3.9 5.0 18.9 29.3 42.8 4.02 4 5 1 5 TOU 8 49 46 79 138 148 10.7 10.0 17.2 30.0 32.2 3.63 4 5 1 5 TOU 9 52 48 88 123 149 11.3 10.4 19.1 26.7 32.4 3.58 4 5 1 5 TOU 10 18 17 59 119 247 3.9 3.7 12.8 25.9 53.7 4.22 5 5 1 5 CON 1 9 10 46 118 277 2.0 2.2 10.0 25.7 60.2 4.40 5 5 1 5 CON 2 47 35 94 120 164 10.2 7.6 20.4 26.1 35.7 3.69 4 5 1 5 CON 3 42 43 89 113 173 9.1 9.3 19.3 24.6 62.4 3.72 4 4 1 5 CON 4 32 33 81 135 179 7.0 7.2 17.6 29.3 38.9 3.86 4 5 1 5 CON 5 28 19 83 123 207 6.1 4.1 18.0 26.7 45.0 4.00 4 5 1 5 CON 6 42 37 75 136 170 9.1 8.0 16.3 29.6 37.0 3.77 4 3 1 5 CON 7 37 34 79 135 175 8.0 7.4 17.2 29.3 38.0 3.82 4 5 1 5 CON 8 31 34 76 122 197 6.7 7.4 16.5 26.5 42.8 3.91 4 5 1 5 CON 9 54 40 96 115 155 11.7 8.7 20.9 25.0 33.7 3.60 4 4 1 5 CON 10 55 39 97 112 157 12.0 8.5 21.1 24.3 34.1 3.60 4 5 1 5 OVT 1 12 11 37 104 296 2.6 2.4 8.0 22.6 64.3 4.44 5 5 1 5 OVT 2 2 5 44 103 306 0.4 1.1 9.6 22.4 66.5 4.53 5 5 1 5 OVT 3 8 12 63 135 242 1.7 2.6 13.7 29.3 52.6 4.28 5 5 1 5 OVT 4 61 38 107 117 136 13.3 8.3 23.3 25.5 29.6 3.50 4 5 1 5 OVT 5 30 25 101 117 183 6.5 5.4 22.0 25.4 39.8 3.87 4 5 1 5 OVT 6 21 22 96 138 182 4.6 4.8 20.9 30.1 39.7 3.95 4 5 1 5 OVT 7 10 11 59 150 229 2.2 2.4 12.8 32.6 49.8 4.26 4 5 1 5 OVT 8 5 4 45 127 279 1.1 0.9 9.8 27.6 60.7 4.46 5 5 1 5 OVT 9 3 9 34 153 261 0.7 2.0 7.4 33.3 56.7 4.43 5 5 1 5 OVT 10 6 8 39 127 277 1.3 1.7 8.9 27.8 60.6 4.44 5 5 1 5 NEP 1 30 20 120 128 162 6.5 4.3 26.1 27.8 35.2 3.81 4 5 1 5 NEP 2 55 58 95 129 123 12.0 12.6 20.7 28.0 26.7 3.45 4 5 1 5 NEP 3 14 20 81 141 204 3.0 4.3 17.6 30.7 44.3 4.09 4 5 1 5 NEP 4 30 36 130 139 125 6.5 7.8 28.3 30.2 27.2 3.64 4 3 1 5 NEP 5 16 18 73 144 209 3.5 3.9 15.9 31.4 45.4 4.11 4 5 1 5 NEP 6 3 8 45 118 286 0.7 1.7 9.8 25.7 62.2 4.47 5 5 1 5 NEP 7 5 4 56 107 288 1.1 0.9 12.2 23.3 62.6 4.45 5 5 1 5 NEP 8 23 18 124 129 166 5.0 3.9 27.0 28.0 36.1 3.86 4 5 1 5 NEP 9 7 10 85 122 236 1.5 2.2 18.5 26.5 51.3 4.24 5 5 1 5 NEP 10 39 31 110 133 147 8.5 6.7 23.9 28.9 32.0 3.69 4 5 1 5 NEP 11 19 39 101 127 174 4.1 8.5 22.0 27.6 37.8 3.87 4 5 1 5 NEP 12 77 48 124 90 121 16.7 10.4 27.0 19.6 26.3 3.28 3 3 1 5 NEP 13 8 21 93 139 198 1.7 4.6 20.2 30.4 43.0 4.08 4 5 1 5 NEP 14 16 37 101 118 187 3.5 8.0 22.0 25.9 40.7 3.92 4 5 1 5 NEP 15 7 16 77 108 252 1.5 3.5 16.7 23.5 54.8 4.27 5 5 1 5 135
Free public transportation is great for mobility. MEAN: 4.29 / 5.00 85.8% Bridge Express Shuttle Transit (BEST) simplifies travel between Seberang Perai and Bayan Lepas MEAN: 3.90 / 5.00 78% The wheel-chair friendly buses are essential for the tourists. MEAN: 4.15 / 5.00 83% I am comfortable using public transport. MEAN: 3.98 / 5.00 80% The well-designed back alley encourages me to cycle. MEAN: 3.40 / 5.00 68% Central Area Transit (CAT) makes it easy to get around George Town. MEAN: 4.11 / 5.00 82.2% CAT(Congestion Alleviation Transport) Bridge simplifies travel to and from Komtar. MEAN: 4.00 / 5.00 80% The location of the bus stop can be easily found in Georgetown. MEAN: 4.08 / 5.00 82% I use the public bus to travel to places in George Town MEAN: 3.40 / 5.00 68% The back alley reduces the traffic congestion on the road. MEAN: 3.65 / 5.00 73% MOB1 MOB3 MOB5 MOB7 MOB9 MOB2 MOB4 MOB6 MOB8 MOB10 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ECOMOBILITY 136
MOB for Female was slightly higher than Male but the difference is very small. Code No. of Items Internal Consistency Cronbach Alpha Mean Median Mode MOB 10 Good .868 3.895 4.000 5.000 The following mean statistics are derived from the composite score of all 10 ecomobility items. Public Employee Female Male Disabled Abled 3.85/5.00 3.96/5.00 4.01/5.00 3.89/5.00 Zero (0) Dependent Youth Middle Age Retirement Age Secondary Education PostSecondary Education UnderGraduate Degree PostGraduate Degree Private Employee SelfEmployed Unemployed Retiree 1 - 2 Dependents 3 - 4 Dependents Over 5 Dependents International Tourists Domestic Tourists 3.90/5.00 3.93/5.00 3.76/5.00 3.75/5.00 3.74/5.00 3.92/5.00 3.87/5.00 3.91/5.00 3.92/5.00 3.75/5.00 3.90/5.00 4.11/5.00 3.87/5.00 3.95/5.00 3.78/5.00 4.03/5.00 3.89/5.00 3.90/5.00 3.94/5.00 3.90/5.00 3.68/5.00 T20 M40 B40 MOB for the Disabled respondents was higher than the Abled respondents but the difference is small. MOB for Youth was higher than Middle Age and Retirement Age but the difference is small. MOB for M40 was higher than T20 and B40 but the difference is small. MOB for Domestic Tourists was higher than International Tourists. MOB for Under-Graduate Degree was higher than Secondary Education, Post-Secondary Education and PostGraduate Degree. MOB for Retiree was higher than Unemployed, Private Employee and Public Employee and Self-employed was the lowest among occupations. MOB for Over 5 Dependents was higher than 3-4 Dependents, 1-2 Dependents and Zero Dependent. BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ECOMOBIILITY 137
I am very interested in outdoor recreational activities. MEAN: 4.44 / 5.00 88.8% I think ecotourism is able to reduce environmental pollution. MEAN: 4.28 / 5.00 85.6% I will choose an environmentally friendly way of travel. MEAN: 3.87 / 5.00 77.4% Eco-tourism contributes to responsible tourism. MEAN: 4.26 / 5.00 85.2% Eco- tourism emphasis on environmental sustainability. MEAN: 4.43 / 5.00 88.6% I was amazed by the natural beauty here. MEAN: 4.53 / 5.00 90.6% I consider my carbon footprint when traveling. MEAN: 3.50 / 5.00 70% I prioritise environmental conservation tourism. MEAN: 3.95 / 5.00 79% Eco-tourism deserves to be developed. MEAN: 4.46 / 5.00 89.2% Eco-tourism helps in environmental conservation. MEAN: 4.45 / 5.00 89% TOU3 TOU5 TOU7 TOU9 TOU2 TOU4 TOU6 TOU8 TOU10 TOU1 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ECOTOURISM 138
Public Employee Female Male Disabled Abled 4.23/5.00 4.20/5.00 4.49/5.00 TOU for Male was higher than Female but the difference is very small. 4.21/5.00 Code No. of Items Internal Consistency Cronbach Alpha Mean Median Mode TOU 10 Acceptable .799 4.217 4.200 5.000 Zero (0) Dependent Youth Middle Age Retirement Age Secondary Education PostSecondary Education UnderGraduate Degree PostGraduate Degree Private Employee SelfEmployed Unemployed Retiree 1 - 2 Dependents 3 - 4 Dependents Over 5 Dependents International Tourists Domestic Tourists 4.16/5.00 4.29/5.00 4.39/5.00 4.18/5.00 4.27/5.00 4.20/5.00 4.17/5.00 4.18/5.00 4.21/5.00 4.24/5.00 4.31/5.00 4.12/5.00 4.16/5.00 4.25/5.00 4.19/5.00 4.41/5.00 4.24/5.00 4.20/5.00 The following mean statistics are derived from the composite score of all 10 ecotourism items. 4.19/5.00 4.20/5.00 4.35/5.00 T20 M40 B40 TOU for Disabled respondents was higher than Abled respondents but the difference is small. TOU for Retirement Age was higher than Middle Age and Youth but the difference is small. TOU for T20 was higher than M40 and B40 but the difference is small. TOU for International Tourist was higher than Domestic Tourist but the differences is small. TOU for Post-Secondary Education was higher than Secondary Education, Under-Graduate Degree and PostGraduate Degree. TOU for Unemployed was higher than Retiree, Self-Employed, Private Employee and Public Employee. TOU for Over 5 Dependents was higher than 3-4 Dependents, 1-2 Dependents and Zero Dependent. BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ECOTOURISM 139
Bicycle lanes ensure the safety of cyclists. MEAN: 3.77 / 5.00 75% Noise pollution has an effect on human health. MEAN: 4.23 / 5.00 85% I practise the 3Rs (reuse, reduce, recycle) concept when travelling. MEAN: 3.80 / 5.00 76% I am satisfied with the waste management in my accommodation. MEAN: 4.02 / 5.00 80.4% I choose accommodation that have environmental policy. MEAN: 3.58 / 5.00 71.6% Walking can reduce the carbon emissions of the city. MEAN: 4.56 / 5.00 91% There are many facilities of trash bins in George Town. MEAN: 4.07 / 5.00 81% I will bring my environmentally friendly utensils while travelling. MEAN: 3.46 / 5.00 69.2% I prioritise eco-friendly products when travelling. MEAN: 3.63 / 5.00 72.6% I chose to eat at a restaurant instead of packing it. MEAN: 4.22 / 5.00 84.4% CON1 CON3 CON5 CON7 CON9 CON2 CON4 CON6 CON8 CON10 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ECOCONSCIOUSNESS 140
CON for Female was higher than Male but the differences is small. Code No. of Items Internal Consistency Cronbach Alpha Mean Median Mode CON 10 Acceptable .709 3.935 4.000 4.20 The following mean statistics are derived from the composite score of all 10 ecoconsciousness items. Public Employee Female Male Disabled Abled 3.92/5.00 3.95/5.00 4.15/5.00 3.93/5.00 Zero (0) Dependent Youth Middle Age Retirement Age Secondary Education PostSecondary Education UnderGraduate Degree PostGraduate Degree Private Employee SelfEmployed Unemployed Retiree 1 - 2 Dependents 3 - 4 Dependents Over 5 Dependents International Tourists Domestic Tourists 3.87/5.00 4.05/5.00 4.02/5.00 3.75/5.00 3.68/5.00 4.00/5.00 4.10/5.00 3.89/5.00 3.90/5.00 3.92/5.00 3.97/5.00 3.75/5.00 3.91/5.00 4.00/5.00 3.75/5.00 4.08/5.00 4.00/5.00 3.88/5.00 3.96/5.00 3.94/5.00 3.94/5.00 T20 M40 B40 CON for Disabled respondents was higher than Abled respondents but the differences is small. CON for Youth was the higher than Retirement Age and Middle Age but the differences is small. CON for M40 was higher than T20 and B40 but the differences is small. CON for International Tourists was higher than Domestic Tourists but the differences is small. CON for Post-Graduate Degree was higher than Under-Graduate degree, Post-Secondary Education and Secondary Education. CON for Unemployed was higher than Retiree, Self-Employed, Private Employee and Public Employee. CON for over 5 Dependents was higher than 3-4 dependents, 1-2 Dependents and Zero dependent. BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ECOCONSCIOUSNESS 141
Over-tourism can increase the local economy. MEAN: 4.40 / 5.00 88% Over-tourism causes pollution. MEAN: 3.72 / 5.00 74.4% Over-tourism can cause congestion. MEAN: 4.00 / 5.00 80% Over-tourism causes difficulty in accessing popular attractions. MEAN: 3.82 / 5.00 76.4% Over-tourism disrupts one's inner peace while travelling. MEAN: 3.60 / 5.00 72% Over-tourism can be negative to the environment. MEAN: 3.69 / 5.00 73.8% Overtourism increases waste generation. MEAN: 3.86 / 5.00 77.2% Over-tourism makes it harder to find peaceful places to relax. MEAN: 3.77 / 5.00 75.4% Over-tourism causes an increase in waiting time at hotspot locations. MEAN: 3.91 / 5.00 78.2% The personal safety risk increases. MEAN: 3.60 / 5.00 72% OVT1 OVT3 OVT5 OVT7 OVT9 OVT2 OVT4 OVT6 OVT8 OVT10 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS IMPACT OF OVERTOURISM 142
OVT for Female was higher than Male but the difference is small. Code No. of Items Internal Consistency Cronbach Alpha Mean Median Mode OVT 10 Good .896 3.839 4.000 5.000 The following mean statistics are derived from the composite score of all 10 overtourism items. Public Employee Female Male Disabled Abled 3.81/5.00 3.86/5.00 3.93/5.00 3.84/5.00 Zero (0) Dependents Youth Middle Age Retirement Age Secondary Education PostSecondary Education UnderGraduate Degree PostGraduate Degree Private Employee SelfEmployed Unemployed Retiree 1 - 2 Dependents 3 - 4 Dependents Over 5 Dependents International Tourists Domestic Tourists 3.83/5.00 3.76/5.00 4.08/5.00 3.64/5.00 4.06/5.00 3,84/5.00 4.24/5.00 3.74/5.00 3.91/5.00 3.86/5.00 3.86/5.00 4.21/5.00 3.71/5.00 3.87/5.00 3.99/5.00 3.77/5.00 3.85/5.00 3.83/5.00 3.82/5.00 3.92/5.00 3.78/5.00 T20 M40 B40 OVT for Disabled respondents was higher than Abled respondents but the differences is small. 0VT for Retirement Age was higher than Middle Age and Youth but the differences is small. OVT for B40 was higher than M40 and T20 but the differences is small. OVT for International Tourists was higher than Domestic Tourists but the differences is small. 0VT for Post-Graduate Degree was higher than Under-Graduate Degree, Post Secondary Education and secondary education. 0VT for Retiree was higher than UnEmployed, Self-Employed, Private Employee and Public Employee. 0VT for 3-4 Dependents was higher than Over 5 Dependents, 1-2 Dependents and zero dependents. BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS IMPACT OF OVERTOURISM 143
MEAN: 3.81 / 5.00 76.2% MEAN: 4.09 / 5.00 81.8% MEAN: 4.12 / 5.00 82.4% MEAN: 4.45 / 5.00 89% MEAN: 4.24 / 5.00 84.8% MEAN: 3.45 / 5.00 69% MEAN: 3.63 / 5.00 72.6% MEAN: 4.47 / 5.00 89.4% MEAN: 3.86 / 5.00 77.2% MEAN: 3.69 / 5.00 73.8% NEP1 NEP3 NEP5 NEP7 NEP9 NEP2 NEP4 NEP6 NEP8 NEP10 We are approaching the limit of the number of people the Earth can support. When humans interfere with nature it often produces disastrous consequences. Humans are seriously abusing the environment Plants and animals have as much right as humans to exist. Despite our special abilities, humans are still subject to the laws of nature. Humans have the right to modify the natural environment to suit their needs. Human ingenuity will ensure that we do not make the Earth unlivable. The Earth has plenty of natural resources if we just learn how to develop them. The balance of nature is strong enough to cope with the impacts of modern industrial nations. The so-called “ecological crisis” facing humankind has been greatly exaggerated. UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS NEW ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM QUESTION 1 - 10 144
MEAN: 3.87 / 5.00 77.2% MEAN: 4.08 / 5.00 81.6% MEAN: 3.28 / 5.00 65.6% MEAN: 3.92 / 5.00 78.4% NEP11 NEP13 NEP12 NEP14 MEAN: 4.27 / 5.00 85.4% NEP15 The Earth is like a spaceship with very limited room and resources. The balance of nature is very delicate and easily upset. Humans were meant to rule over the rest of nature. Humans will eventually learn enough about how nature works to be able to control it. If things continue on their present course, we will soon experience a major ecological catastrophe. BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS NEW ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM QUESTION 11 - 15 145
CODE COMPOSITE VARIABLES No. of Items Internal Consistency Cronbach Alpha Mean Med Mode MOB ECOMOBILITY 10 Good .868 3.895 4.000 5.00 TOU ECOTOURISM 10 Acceptable .799 4.217 4.200 5.00 CON ECOCONSCIOUSNESS 10 Acceptable .709 3.935 4.000 4.20 OVT OVERTOURISM 10 Good .896 3.839 4.000 5.00 CODE NEW ECOLOGICAL PARADGIM SCALE MOB TOU CON OVT NEP 1 We are approaching the limit of the number of people the Earth can support. rho .077 .189** .141** .076 p .099 .000 .002 .102 NEP 2 Humans have the right to modify the natural environment to suit their needs. rho .221** .113* .099* .052 p .000 .015 .033 .265 NEP 3 When humans interfere with nature it often produces disastrous consequences. rho .140** .134** .008 .163** p .003 .004 .856 .000 NEP 4 Human ingenuity will ensure that we do not make the Earth unlivable. rho .050 .227** .133** .232** p .282 .000 .004 .000 NEP 5 Humans are seriously abusing the environment. rho .061 .183** .099* .240** p .192 .000 .034 .000 NEP 6 The Earth has plenty of natural resources if we just learn how to develop them. rho .096* .274** .134** .097* p .039 .000 .004 .037 NEP 7 Plants and animals have as much right as humans to exist. rho .095* .209** .110* .128** p .041 .000 .018 .006 NEP 8 The balance of nature is strong enough to cope with the impacts of modern industrial nations. rho .227** .204** .175** .010 p .000 .000 .000 .823 NEP 9 Despite our special abilities, humans are still subject to the laws of nature. rho .134** .241** .165** .148** p .004 .000 .000 .001 NEP 10 The so-called “ecological crisis” facing humankind has been greatly exaggerated. rho .064 .274** .138** .013 p .171 .000 .003 .768 NEP 11 The Earth is like a spaceship with very limited room and resources. rho .050 .254** .133** .108* p .288 .000 .004 .020 NEP 12 Humans were meant to rule over the rest of nature. rho .118* .128** .095* .163** p .011 .006 .041 .000 NEP 13 The balance of nature is very delicate and easily upset. rho .051 .236** .114* .094* p .274 .000 .014 .043 NEP 14 Humans will eventually learn enough about how nature works to be able to control it. rho .164** .228** .201** .050 p .000 .000 .000 .280 NEP 15 If things continue on their present course, we will soon experience a major ecological catastrophe. rho .003 .279** .129** .107* p .946 .000 .005 .022 Note. **Correlation is significant at 0.01 level (2-tailed); *Correlation is significant at 0.05 level (2-tailed) UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS CORRELATIONAL ANALYSIS ON NEW ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM 146
HOW DO YOU MANAGE WASTE IN YOUR DAILY LIFE? WHAT MEASURES CAN BE SUGGESTED FOR THE STATE AUTHORITIES TO ENSURE HERITAGE SITES ARE PRESERVED? WHAT STEP CAN BE TAKEN TO PROMOTE THE CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE SITES IN GEORGE TOWN? DO YOU FACE ANY DIFFICULTIES PARKING YOUR VEHICLES AND WHY DOES IT OCCUR? HOW DO YOU THINK THAT INDIVIDUALS CAN CONTRIBUTE TO MORE ECO-FRIENDLY TRANSPORTATION? 28% 7% 0.4% 1.5% 17.4% 28.9% 2.8% 13.9% 3R: Reduce, Reuse & Recycle Refuse Pollutants Incineration Waste Prevention Waste Separation Proper Disposal Compost Non-Practising SWM 7.2% 10.4% 7% 17.6% 6.3% 3.5% 8.3% Monitor Preserve And Conserve Maintenance & Restoration Law Enforcement Promotion Limitation Of Visitor Gazette Hygiene And Facilities Satisfied Collaboration Awareness Program Investment 26.3% 0.7% 7.2% 2% 2% Awareness Program 7.2% Allocate A Tourist Guide Conserve, Preserve & Restore Collaboration Social Capital Pooling Law Enforcement Recreational/Open Space Area Tourist Attraction Satisfied Promote On Online Platform 41.7% 43.3% 15% No 9.6% 33.7% 5.4% 3.9% 3% 13.7% 0.7% 2.4% Carpooling Public Transportation Electrical Car Walking More Government’s Incentive Responsible User High Tax Of Buying Car Cycling Unappliable 24.8% 1.1% 5.9% 4.3% 3.7% 0.7% 5% 24.6% 24.6% 27.6% Yes Undisclosed BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS THEMATIC FINDINGS ON OPEN ENDED RESPONSES 147
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION HOLDS SIGNIFICANT IMPORTANCE FOR THE TOURISTS IN GEORGE TOWN ECO-TPLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN CONSERVE OF NATURAL RESOURCES. OVER-TOURISM PROFOUNDLY INFLUENLOCAL COMMUNITY. THE EARTH IS RICH IN RESOURCES, IF WE KNOW HOW TO USE THEM WISELY.HHHJGJLL ECOMOBILITY ECOTOURISM OVERTOURISM N W E ECOLOGICALPARADIGM ECOCONCIOUSNESS The survey highlights positive sentiments towards free public transportation in George Town, praising services like Central Area Transit (CAT), BEST, and CATBridge for simplifying travel. Tourists recognize the importance of wheelchair-friendly buses, while the convenient accessibility of bus stops in Georgetown adds to the overall convenience. Respondents express satisfaction with using public transport and appreciate the well-designed back alleys that promote cycling and help reduce road traffic congestion. The importance of nature in George Town being a major factor in the growth of tourism is emphasized by the findings of the tourist survey. 70% of respondents recognize their challenge in considering their carbon footprint due to significant emissions during travel. The survey highlights positive responses regarding ecotourism in George Town, emphasizing the harmonious balance between nature and human activities. 91% of respondents to this component felt that walking is the optimal choice in minimizing the carbon emission as they aware the gas emitted to the atmosphere contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer. The response rate for the awareness of adopting Go Green practices while traveling in George Town stood at 69.2% Interestingly, a marginal discrepancy in ecoconsciousness among tourists' practices was identified, indicating the necessity for heightened efforts and consciousness toward the environmental conditions. Surprisingly, the aspects of overtourism have significantly boosted George Town's economy, yielding substantial profits in the tourism-based business. Despite overtourism, tourists still express a sense of safety and comfort, with 72% rating social security positively. The overall response to this component indicates a mixed outcome, highlighting both positive and negative consequences of overtourism on tourism development. These results showed the high value of pro-ecological worldview encompassing NEP 5, NEP 7, NEP 8, NEP 9 and NEP 15. Those results explained that the tourists exhibit a heightened environmental concern, with odd-numbered components receiving more attention than even-numbered ones. The significant value at the p= 0.01 and 0.05 demonstrate a positive correlation, particularly with overtourism components, emphasizing the impact of tourists' environmental perspectives. UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX CONCLUSION HIGHLIGHTS OF KEY FINDINGS 148
HER TI A G E PRESERVATION BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ECO-FRIENDLYTRAN S P ORTAT OI N WASTE MANAGEMENT HERITAGE CONSE RVAT OI N PARK NI G CHALLENGES Respondents conveyed their commitment to waste management through the adoption of the 3R principles: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, coupled with proper disposal methods. This inclination can be attributed to the concerted efforts of George Town in promoting environmentally conscious practices aligning with the aspiration for a more sustainable, cleaner, and safer environment. The overall view of the result indicates that the tourists are supporting the government initiatives, underscoring their active participation in fostering sustainable practices within the destination. The data indicates that a majority of respondents expressed satisfaction with the condition of the heritage area in George Town. Respondents favored a specific party for law enforcement regarding the heritage area in George Town The overall result underscores that tourists are content with the efforts undertaken by state authorities to ensure the preservation of the area's heritage. A majority of respondents which is 26.3% emphasized the effectiveness of implementing an awareness campaign to promote heritage conservation in George Town. An equal percentage of respondents expressed satisfaction with conservation efforts in the area and advocated for its promotion through online platforms. The findings of the study indicate that implementing an awareness program can serve as a proactive measure by state authorities to safeguard the cultural and historical heritage of George Town. A relatively large number of respondents (43.3%) reported having no challenges with parking in the George Town area. Conversely, some respondents noted the difficulty of finding parking spaces in Georgetown, citing limitations and high vehicle volume as contributing factors. In general, respondents exhibit a preference for utilizing public transportation over private automobiles due to the convenience it offers in terms of mobility. A substantial portion of respondents demonstrates a commitment to ecofriendly transportation, primarily through the preferred use of public transportation, reflecting the highest percentage. Conversely, a segment of respondents does not align with this environmentally conscious choice, with responsible users opting to curtail vehicle usage accordingly. The overall findings emphasize the prevalent inclination among respondents to embrace public transport as a means to reach destinations in an environmentally sustainable manner. CONCLUSION HIGHLIGHTS OF KEY FINDINGS 149
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX The findings contribute to a better understanding of tourists' perceptions regarding environmental concerns and the effort to minimize tourism impact, thereby making George Town cleaner, greener, and safer for tourists. Therefore, the assessment of the pro-ecological worldview via NEP allows to recognize that tourists in George Town hold a high level of environmental concern, adopting green behaviors as they travel around the George Town. This highlights the connection between overtourism and environmental concern, emphasizing George Town's tourism attraction. The broad scope of the study resulted in an inaccurate selection of components, leading to a lack of information on the perception question components. Therefore, this limitation emphasizes the importance of carefully selecting components to gather detailed perception data for future research. This approach aims for a comprehensive understanding of how tourists contribute to overtourism and its impact on environmental concern. Future research in this study would be of great help in understanding how tourists' level of environmental concern leads to overtourism, resulting in better management by the government and various parties. This is crucial to ensure that George Town can balance its natural resources and tourism development effectively. contributionlimitation future research CONCLUSION CONTRIBUTION & LIMITATION POTENTIAL FUTURE RESEARCH 150
sumary sumaryThe survey results indicate a positive sentiment regarding the effectiveness of free public transportation in George Town, emphasizing the convenience offered by services such as Central Area Transit (CAT), Bus Express Shuttle Transit (BEST), and CATBridge. Wheelchair-friendly buses are acknowledged as crucial for accommodating tourists, and the ease of finding bus stops contributes to a comfortable public transport experience. Additionally, the survey explores environmental awareness, with respondents recognizing the significance of natural resources, the conservation of eco-tourism destinations, and the benefits of preserving heritage for the sake of tourism development. The survey respondents strongly favor sustainable practices, such as cycling, walking, using environmentally friendly products, and following the 3Rs (reuse, reduce, recycle) while traveling. The positive response to reducing single-use plastic by choosing restaurants indicates a proactive stance in supporting initiatives to make George Town greener. However, concerns related to over-tourism emerge prominently, with respondents expressing worries about increased pollution, waste generation, social conflicts, noise pollution, and threats to individual safety during travel. Inconvenience caused by the high admission of tourists, as well as congestion in hotspot locations, indicates potential challenges associated with managing tourism impacts. BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX CONCLUSION SUMMARY OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STUDY 151
Infrastructure Enhancement Assess the current state of tourism-related infrastructure in George Town, such as transportation, accommodation, and recreational facilities. Provide recommendations for improvements and expansions to enhance the overall tourists’ experience. Infrastructure development is crucial for attracting a diverse range of tourists and ensuring their comfort and convenience during travel. Heritage Preservation and Promotion Protect and promote Georgetown's history and culture by examining the condition of historical sites, suggesting ways to preserve them, and finding creative ways to highlight the city's unique identity. Focusing on heritage tourism can attract tourists fascinated by its history, architecture, and traditions. Policy Framework Evaluate existing tourism policies and regulations, proposing adjustments or new measures to support sustainable tourism development. This may involve collaboration between government bodies, businesses, and local communities. Digital Tourism Strategies Explore the integration of technology in tourism, including digital marketing, virtual experiences, and smart tourism initiatives, to enhance the overall tourist experience and attract tech-savvy tourists. UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS 152
Detailed CONTENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM STUDY UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX FIELDWORK MANAGEMENT 3.6.1.1 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN GEORGE TOWN 3.6.1.2 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES 3.6.1.3 EXISTING EFFORT AND APPROACHES 3.6.1.4 GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 3.6.2 GENERAL RESEARCH ACTIVITY 3.6.3 METHODOLOGY 3.6.3.1 INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT 3.6.3.2 HEALTHY STREET INDEX 3.6.3.3 SAMPLING METHOD AND FEASIBILITY STUDY 3.6.3.4 FIELDWORK EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES 3.6.3.5 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION 3.6.6 CONCLUSION 3.6.5 RECOMMEDATION 3.6.4 ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS INTRODUCTION ARTERIAL ROAD: CORE ZONE ARTERIAL ROAD: BUFFER ZONE COLLECTOR ROAD: CORE ZONE COLLECTOR ROAD: BUFFER ZONE LOCAL ROAD: CORE ZONE LOCAL ROAD: BUFFER ZONE BUILDING SETBACK: CORE ZONE BULDING SETBACK: BUFFER ZONE ROAD GEOMETRY 3.6.4.1 3.6.4.2 3.6.4.3 3.6.4.4 3.6.4.5 3.6.4.6 3.6.4.7 3.6.4.8 3.6.4.9 3.6.4.10 3.6.5.1 3.6.5.2 3.6.5.3 3.6.5.4 3.6.6.1 3.6.6.2 3.6.6.3 206-207 206-210 HIGHLIGHTS OF KEY FINDINGS ARTERIAL ROAD: CORE ZONE & BUFFER ZONE COLLECTOR ROAD: CORE ZONE & BUFFER ZONE LOCAL ROAD: CORE ZONE & BUFFER ZONE BUILDING SETBACK: CORE ZONE & BUFFER ZONE CONTRIBUTION & LIMITATION POTENTIAL FUTURE RESEARCH 198-199 200-201 3.6.1 INTRODUCTION 153-154 153 154 154 154 155 156-164 156 157 158 198-205 161-198 161 162-164 165-167 168-172 173-177 178-182 183-186 187-190 191-193 194-197 202-203 204-205 208 208 159 160 3.6.6.4 SUMMARY OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM STUDY 209 3.6.6.5 RECOMMENDATION 210
BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX A city's transportation system functions as its cardiovascular system, facilitating the continuous movement of people and goods through its arteries. The quality and efficiency of this infrastructure are vital to the well-being of both the economy and citizens. The following provides an overview of transportation systems in George Town, detailing the available facilities and infrastructure in George Town. Rapid Penang is the primary operator of public bus services in Penang, serving both urban and suburban areas, including George Town. Central Area Transit (CAT) is a complimentary shuttle service originating from the Weld Quay Bus Terminal, traversing major streets in George Town. INTRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM STUDY IN GEORGE TOWN ROAD AND EXPRESS W AY PUBLIC BUSESSERVICES PRIVATE VEHICLES SEATRANSPORT CYCLING INFRASTRCUTURE TAXIS Residents and visitors alike can explore the scenic beauty of George Town by pedaling through its designated bike lanes. George Town's commitment to sustainable transportation is evident through initiatives like LinkBike, which offers convenient and eco-friendly bicycle rental services. The George Town Inner Ring Road includes the eastern end of Gurney Drive, Jalan Pangkor, Jalan Perak, and Jalan Sungai Pinang. It serves as a crucial ring road in George Town, allowing vehicles to bypass busier city center roads and alleviate traffic congestion. The government plans to upgrade these roads into a full-fledged expressway, incorporating elevated bypasses and a tunnel into the construction project. The Penang ferry service is the oldest in Malaysia, offering a direct connection between George Town and Butterworth. The Swettenham Pier in George Town is the sole port facility on Penang Island, playing a crucial role in cruise tourism. It welcomes some of the world's largest cruise liners and occasionally hosts warships, making it Malaysia's busiest port-of-call for cruise shipping. George Town residents own cars and motorcycles, expanding local mobility. These vehicles provide diverse transportation options, contributing to the city's dynamic and accessible transit landscape. George Town's roads support private vehicles, yet congestion hinders travel efficiency. Navigating this challenge affects daily convenience, highlighting the need for sustainable urban transportation solutions. Traditional taxis in George Town offer convenient, on-demand point-to-point transportation. They are easily accessible and distinguished by their distinctive appearance. Residents in George Town benefit from these taxis as a reliable and flexible travel option, contributing to their daily commuting needs within the city's transportation ecosystem. 153
ISSUES & CHALLENGES EFFORTS & APPROACHES GOAL & OBJECTIVES UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX RESEARCH GOAL Improving public and assisted transport services for elderly and disabled people so that the wider population is less dependent on cars. Enhancing the healthy streets will increase active travel levels, reduce road danger, improve air quality, and reconnect communities to make George Town more liveable. To identify indicators of Healthy Street feasible for George Town. To assess the level of Healthy Street in George Town. To propose improvements towards enhancing the Healthy Street scores of George Town. OBJECTIVE1 OBJECTIVE 2 OBJECTIVE 3 1 2 3 Reliance on private cars Inadequate facilities of mobility Increasing traffic contributes to rising air pollution levels, posing a significant and concerning environmental challenge. Execution of enhancing the public transportation system within George Town, by expanding bus routes, and improving its frequency. Redesigning public spaces to prioritize pedestrians and cyclists, allocating more space for walking, seating areas, and cyclist lanes. Investing in green infrastructure such as urban green spaces, trees, and vegetation along roads to absorb pollutants and improve air quality. INTRODUCTION Excessive private car use causes traffic, leading to longer travel times, reduced efficiency, and environmental and public health concerns. The lack of proper infrastructure for pedestrians and cyclists contributes to limited mobility options and hinders safety. Air pollution Improvement of Public Transportation Public Space Design Green Infrastructure 154
Research Question Research Objectives Research Inquires Research Variables Research Outcome What are the indicators of Healthy Street for George Town? To identify indicators of Healthy Street feasible for George Town Indicators of Healthy Street feasible for George Town Ordinal Variables: Healthy Street Indicators (ranging from 0 to 3) Healthy Streets Matrices Adjustment on Lucy Saunder’s Healthy Streets Matrices to be applied on George Town What is the current health level of the streets in George Town? To assess the level of Healthy Street in George Town Assessment of how well the streets align with adjusted indicators of Healthy Street Ordinal Variables: Healthy Street Indicators (ranging from 0 to 3) Nominal Variables: Arterial Road Collector Road Local Road Building Setback Radar Chart : Healthy Street scores for all 84 roads in George Town Traffic Geometry Cross Section: Sample of drawing for each type of road in Core and Buffer Zones How to enhance the Health of the streets in George Town? To propose improvements towards enhancing the Healthy Street scores of George Town Recommendation of road infrastructures on selected streets towards enhancing the Healthy Street scores of George Town Nominal Variable: Recommendations of road infrastructures on selected streets Illustration: Recommendation of road infrastructures to heighten the score of Healthy Street Radar Chart: Healthy Street Score before and after recommendation GENERAL RESEARCH ACTIVITIES RESEARCH INQUIRES VARIABLES & OUTCOME BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 155
NO HEALTHY STREETS INDEX (LUCY SAUNDERS) HEALTHY STREETS INDEX (ADJUSTMENT) 1 Total volume of two-way motorised traffic at peak hour Total Volume Two-Way Per Minute at peak hour / / / / 2 Interaction between large vehicles and people cycling Ratio of Heavy Vehicles to Cyclist Per Minute at peak hour and Lane Size / / / / / 3 Speed of Motorised Traffic N/A / 4 Traffic Noise Based on Peak Hour Motorized Traffic Volumes Traffic Noise of Motor Vehicles / / 5 Noise From Large Vehicles Traffic Noise of Heavy Vehicles / / 6 No2 Concentration N/A - - - - - - - - - - 7 Reducing private car use Reducing private car use / / / / / / 8 Comfort of crossing side roads for people walking Safety and comfortable crossing side roads for pedestrians. / / / / / / / 9 Mid‐link crossings, to meet desire lines To meet desired lines, suitability of mid-link crossings. / / / / / 10 Opportunity to cross the street away from junctions Opportunity for the pedestrian to cross the street that is away from the junction, safely. / / / / / 11 Technology to optimize efficiency of movement Installation of appropriate technology to enhance the movements of pedestrians, cyclists, buses and other motorized vehicles. / / / / 12 Level of support for people using controlled crossings Controlled crossings / / / / / 13 Width of clear continuous walking space Optimum width of pedestrian walk with clear surface and free from obstacles. / / / / 14 Sharing of footway with people cycling Pedestrians and cyclists using the same walkway for their respective travel needs. / / / / / INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX METHODOLOGY FORMULA AND CALCULATION : TOTAL SCORE FROM NUMBER OF METRICES NUMBER OF METRICES X 3 (MAX SCORE) X 100 EXAMPLE: EASY TO CROSS FOR JALAN TRANSFER 156
BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX NO HEALTHY STREETS INDEX (LUCY SAUNDERS) HEALTHY STREETS INDEX (ADJUSTMENT) 15 Collision risk between people cycling and turning motor vehicles Collision risk between cyclists and motor vehicles during turning movements. / / / / / / 16 Effective width for cycling Sufficient width for cycling lane. / / / / 17 Impact of parking and loading on cycling Sufficient width for cycling lane. / / / / 19 Quality of walking surface The condition of the pedestrian lane. / / / / / 20 Surveillance of public spaces Monitoring of public areas. / / / / / 21 Lighting N/A - - - - - - - - - - 22 Provision Of Cycle Parking Availability Of Bicycle Parking / / / / 23 Street Trees Street Trees / / / / / 25 Walking distance between resting (benches and other informal seating). The walking distance to the public rest seating. / / / / / / 26 Walking distance between sheltered areas protecting from rain. The distance required to reach the rain shelter when walking (fixed awning provided by buildings). / / / / / 27 Factors influencing bus passenger journey time. Factors influencing bus traveler journey time. / / / / 28 Bus stop accessibility Accessibility to bus stop / / / 29 Bus stop connectivity with other public transport services Distance between bus stops and other public transportation services. / / / / 30 Street‐to‐station step‐free access Availability of step-free access to the station. / / / / 31 Support For Interchange Between Cycling And Underground/Rail N/A - - - - - - - - - - Pedestrians from all walks of life Easy to cross Shade and shelter Places to stop and rest Not too noisy People can walk, cycle and use public transport People feel safe Things to see and do People feel relaxed Clean air 55 37 83 47 58 55 47 67 54 56 METHODOLOGY HEALTHY STREET INDEX JALAN TRANSFER 157
A pilot study was undertaken in Kuala Lumpur to assess the practical application of the Healthy Streets instrument, anticipating potential challenges or adjustments before the main study in George Town. Forty-six team members conducted a transportation system study on selected roads in Kuala Lumpur to mirror the road situation in George Town. The pilot study identified areas for improvement in certain matrices, necessitating revisions. Additionally, variations in regulations prompted the replacement of specific matrices, and guidelines were clarified further for the entire team to address misunderstandings that arose during the pilot study. Sampling methods in transportation system studies involve selecting a subset of elements (e.g., vehicles, routes) from a larger population for analysis. The choice depends on research objectives, population characteristics, and available resources. In transportation system studies, sampling is critical for reliable evaluations. The area selected reflects road conditions affecting users, determining if it qualifies as a healthy street. Using selection criteria, 84 locations, comprising arterial, collector, local, and building setback, were chosen. Enumerators, grouped into four main teams, will conduct transport studies in these locations. Each large group will have subgroups working in pairs, ensuring comprehensive coverage. sampling methodfeasibility study SAMPLING METHOD & FEASIBILITY STUDY UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX METHODOLOGY 158
HEALTHY STREETS AUDIT FORM TRAFFIC COUNTING FORM TRAFFIC COUNTER ROAD METER WHEEL CLIPBOARD START DETERMINE ASSIGNABLE SCORE & JUSTIFICATION OUTPUT RADAR CHARTS OF HEALTHY STREET INDEX NO YES BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX OMIT ITEM FROM AUDIT OMIT ITEM FROM AUDIT OMIT ITEM FROM AUDIT FIELDWORK EXECUTION INPUT AUDIT SCORE OF HEALTHY STREET ADOPTION OF HEALTHY STREET INDEX COMPLY TO JKR GUIDELINES? ADJUST ITEM FOR AUDIT ALMOST YES NO DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHY STREET AUDIT APPROVED BY EXPERT? ALMOST YES NO APPLICABLE DURING PILOT TESTING? ALMOST YES NO ADOPT ITEM IN AUDIT ADJUST ITEM FOR AUDIT ADOPT ITEM IN AUDIT ADJUST ITEM FOR AUDIT ADOPT ITEM IN AUDIT REPORT WRITING & PRESENTATION END SPECIAL CASES? METHODOLOGY FIELDWORK EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES 159
DATAACCURACY VALIDITY OFSTUDY MINIMIZATION OF DISRUPTIONS COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATIONS ACCURACY AND TRUTHFULNESS ETHICAL CONSIDERATION UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX Ensure the accuracy of data collected and reported by employing rigorous data collection procedures, adhering to standardized methodologies, and implementing regular calibration checks for equipment to maintain precision and reliability throughout the study. Implement measures to minimize disruptions to traffic flow, ensuring that the study does not unduly impact the regular functioning of the transportation system and cause unnecessary inconveniences to commuters and the community. Seeking validation from experts is crucial for ensuring the credibility and reliability of research findings, especially in studies requiring specialized knowledge to interpret or evaluate certain aspects. Comply with pertinent laws and regulations that oversee transportation system studies and research activities. Secure the required permits or approvals from local authorities in George Town. Prioritize the safety of both researchers throughout the data collection process, particularly in busy traffic areas. Ensure the implementation of robust safety protocols during data collection to proactively prevent accidents. Ensure that the information presented in the report is accurate, truthful, and supported by reliable data. Avoid manipulation or misrepresentation of findings to create a false narrative. METHODOLOGY SAFETY MEASURES 160
BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS INTRODUCTION introduction introduction The Healthy Street Matrix has been adopted and used as the rubric for road assessment in George Town, Penang. Out of 31 matrices, 25 have been selected and adapted for George Town's roads. The selection of 25 matrices was necessary because some of the matrices couldn't be implemented in George Town. These 25 chosen matrices have been carefully generated and adjusted according to JKR guidelines, ensuring suitability for George Town. SYMBOL DESCRIPTION Pedestrian for all walk of life Easy to cross Shade and Shelter Place to stop and rest Not too noisy People choose to walk, cycle and use public transport People feel safe Things to see and do People feel relaxed Clean air The radar chart showcases indicators that represent the condition or health level of each road. To develop the radar chart, ten indicators are assessed. The data obtained from matrices, scored, and analyzed using the methodology's specified formula, will be employed in creating the radar chart for each road." 161
ROAD NAME 1 LEBUH PANTAI 59 63 67 60 42 59 60 48 57 44 2 LEBUH LIGHT 61 67 50 80 67 61 68 41 60 67 3 KING EDWARD'S P1 63 70 83 67 75 63 58 78 61 78 4 GAT LEBUH CHULIA 48 44 100 73 83 48 43 63 46 78 5 PENGKALAN WELD 64 63 67 60 50 64 62 63 64 44 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ARTERIAL ROAD: CORE ZONE Note: The Healthy Street Index Score is calculated based on a percentage (%) 162
LEBUH PANTAI ISSUE 1: No traffic light ISSUE 2: Insufficient parking space 59% 63% 48% 67% 60% 42% 44% 59% 57% 60% 61% 67% 41% 50% 80% 67% 67% 61% 60% 68% ISSUE 1: No bicycle parking LEBUH LIGHT ISSUE 2: No bicycle parking ISSUE 1: No cyclist lane KING EDWARD’S P1 63% 70% 78% 83% 67% 75% 78% 63% 61% 58% ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ARTERIAL ROAD: CORE ZONE BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 163
PENGKALAN WELD ISSUE 1: No bicycle parking ISSUE 2: Pedestrian and cyclist share same lane 64% 63% 63% 67% 60% 50% 44% 64% 64% 62% ISSUE 1: No traffic light ISSUE 2: No cyclist lane ISSUE 3: No pedestrian lane GAT LEBUH CHULIA 48% 44% 63% 100% 73% 83% 78% 48% 46% 43% UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ARTERIAL ROAD: CORE ZONE 164
ROAD NAME 1 JALAN TRANSFER 36 22 83 47 58 36 30 52 35 56 2 JALAN BURMA 44 63 50 60 42 44 47 33 42 44 3 JALAN PENANG 65 74 100 87 83 65 62 70 65 78 4 LEBUH LEITH 52 44 67 67 58 52 45 59 54 44 5 LEBUH FARQUHOR 69 74 83 67 67 69 67 70 68 56 6 JALAN SULTAN AHMAD SYAH 75 78 83 67 58 75 77 67 74 67 7 JALAN DR LEE CHEEW LEONG 48 48 83 87 75 48 42 67 46 67 Note: The Healthy Street Index Score is calculated based on a percentage (%) ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ARTERIAL ROAD: BUFFER ZONE BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 165
JALAN TRANSFER ISSUE 1: No cyclist lane ISSUE 2: No zebra crossing 36% 22% 52% 83% 47% 58% 56% 36% 35% 30% ISSUE 1: No traffic light ISSUE 2: Insufficient parking space ISSUE 3: No cyclist lane JALAN BURMA 44% 63% 33% 50% 60% 42% 47% 44% 42% 47% ISSUE 1: No cyclist lane ISSUE 2: No bicycle parking ISSUE 3: Cyclist and motorized vehicles share the same road JALAN PENANG 65% 74% 70% 100% 87% 83% 78% 65% 65% 62% ISSUE 1: No zebra crossing ISSUE 2: No cyclist lane ISSUE 3: Insufficient parking space LEBUH LEITH 52% 44% 59% 67% 67% 58% 44% 52% 54% 45% UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ARTERIAL ROAD: BUFFER ZONE 166
JALAN FARQUHOR ISSUE 1: No cyclist lane ISSUE 2: No bicycle parking ISSUE 3: Cyclist and motorized vehicle share the same road 69% 74% 70% 83% 67% 67% 56% 69% 68% 67% ISSUE 1: Dangerous to make a turn because of no intersection traffic light ISSUE 2: No facilities for PWD at but stop ISSUE 3: No bicycle parking JALAN SULTAN AHMAD SHAH 75% 78% 67% 83% 67% 58% 67% 75% 74% 77% ISSUE 2: No cycling lane ISSUE 1: No slope when turning to branch road JALAN DR LEE CHEEW LEONG 48% 48% 67% 83% 87% 75% 67% 48% 46% 42% ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ARTERIAL ROAD: BUFFER ZONE BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX 167
(%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) ROAD NAME 1 LEBUH ACHEH 40 44 50 60 50 40 47 22 42 56 2 LEBUH QUEEN 31 26 83 67 67 31 28 37 32 56 3 LEBUH KING 23 22 67 33 33 23 20 26 24 33 4 LEBUH PENANG 29 22 67 60 58 29 22 44 31 44 5 JALAN TUN SYED SHEH BARAKBAH 63 67 83 60 67 63 68 44 65 67 6 JALAN PADANG KOTA LAMA 60 48 67 73 75 60 62 52 63 67 7 GAT LEBUH GEREJA 60 48 67 87 58 60 57 63 61 44 8 GAT LEBUH CHINA 39 22 100 93 83 39 33 56 40 78 9 GAT LEBUH ARMENIAN 35 37 50 53 75 35 35 41 36 67 10 LEBUH VICTORIA 40 22 83 60 58 40 35 56 42 56 11 LEBUH DOWNING 55 63 50 53 42 55 52 48 54 33 12 JLN MASJID KAPITAN KELING 44 67 50 53 50 44 52 26 42 67 13 LEBUH CHULIA 49 63 67 67 58 49 45 56 47 44 14 JALAN KAMPUNG KOLAM 53 52 83 93 75 53 50 59 54 67 Note: The Healthy Street Index Score is calculated based on a percentage (%) UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS COLLECTOR ROAD: CORE ZONE 168
40% 44% 22% 50% 60% 50% 56% 40% 42% 47% ISSUE 2: Bicycle lane mixed with motorized parking ISSUE 1: Stall activities on pedestrian lane 31% 26% 37% 83% 67% 67% 56% 31% 32% 28% ISSUE 1: No zebra crossing ISSUE 2: No bicycle lane ISSUE 3: Bicycle parked on pedestrian lane 23% 22% 26% 67% 33% 33% 33% 23% 24% 20% ISSUE 1: No cyclist lane ISSUE 3: Bicycle parked on pedestrian lane 29% 22% 44% 67% 60% 58% 44% 29% 31% 22% BEMX EMG4804 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA NI TEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX LEBUH ACHEH ISSUE 1: No cyclist lane ISSUE 2: Bicycle parked on pedestrian lane LEBUH QUEEN LEBUH KING ISSUE 2: No zebra crossing LEBUH PENANG ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS COLLECTOR ROAD: CORE ZONE 169
JALAN TUN SYED SHEH BARAKBAH ISSUE 1: Cycling lane mixed with main traffic ISSUE 2: No bicycle parking ISSUE 3: Minor defects on pedestrian lane 63% 67% 44% 83% 60% 67% 67% 63% 65% 68% ISSUE 1: No zebra crossing ISSUE 2: No cyclist lane JALAN PADANG KOTA LAMA 60% 48% 52% 67% 73% 75% 67% 60% 63% 62% ISSUE 2: No cyclist lane ISSUE 1: No bicycle parking GAT LEBUH GEREJA 60% 48% 63% 67% 87% 58% 44% 60% 61% 57% ISSUE 1: No pedestrian lane ISSUE 2: No cyclist lane ISSUE 3: The sanitation condition is poor GAT LEBUH CHINA 39% 22% 56% 100% 93% 83% 78% 39% 40% 33% UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA BEMX TNI EMG4804 EGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ING F EI LDWORK E M G 4 8 0 4 BEMX ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS COLLECTOR ROAD: CORE ZONE 170