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wbS©i I evwl©Kx 2020 I wbS©i K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR evwl©Kx 2020

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weG-2666 †gRi †Rbv‡ij AvZvDj nvwKg mviIqvi nvmvb, Gmwewc, GmwRwc, GbwWwm, GGdWweøDwm, wcGmwm, wcGBPwW
weG-3357 †gRi †Rbv‡ij †gv: bRiæj Bmjvg, GbwWBD, GGdWweøDwm, wcGmwm, wR 15-10-15 11-04-16
weG-2496 †gRi †Rbv‡ij (eZ©gv‡b †j. †Rbv‡ij) Gm Gg kwdDwÏb Avn‡g`, GbwWBD, wcGmwm
weG-3115 †gRi †Rbv‡ij †gvt †gvk‡dKiz ingvb, GmwRwc, GmBDwc, GbwWwm, wcGmwm 26-02-17 07-08-18

07-08-18 24-01-19

24-01-19 25-08-19

25-08-19 A`¨vewa

mfvcwZe„›` Kvh©Kvj
n‡Z ch©šÍ
weG bs bvg I c`ex
weG-2898 weª‡MwWqvi †Rbv‡ij †gv: AvBqye Avbmvix, wcGmwm 19-10-15 30-08-16
weG-3485 weª‡MwWqvi †Rbv‡ij Avey bi~ †gv. kwidzj Avjg, GmBDwc, GbwWwm, wcGmwm, GjGmwm, Ggwdj
weG-4048 weª‡MwWqvi †Rbv‡ij †gvt gvKmy`jy nK, GGdWweøDwm, wcGmwm 31-08-16 18-01-18
weG-3151 weª‡MwWqvi †Rbv‡ij †gvt bvRgyj Avjg, Gmwcwc, GbwWwm, GBPwWGgwm, wcGmwm
19-01-18 20-01-20

21-01-20 A`¨vewa

Aa¨ÿe„›` Kvh©Kvj
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weG-5908 †j. K‡b©j iæûj Avwgb, GBwm
05-11-19 A`¨vewa

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Avey nvmvb iæwebv Kvgvj Avdmvbv Rvnvb

AwffveK cÖwZwbwa AwffveK cÖwZwbwa wk¶K cÖwZwbwa
e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK, ¯úvBb wi‡qj G‡÷U mnKvix wk¶K mnKvix wk¶K (Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb)
521, †mbcvov ce©Zv, wgiciy -10, XvKv wbS©i K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹yj I K‡jR
wgiciy Mvj©m AvBwWqvj j¨ve‡iUix Bbw÷wUDU

†gv. bRiæj Bmjvg †j. K‡b©j iæûj Avwgb, GBwm

wk¶K cÖwZwbwa m`m¨ mwPe
cÖfvlK (wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs) Aa¨¶, wbS©i K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹yj I K‡jR
wbS©i K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹yj I K‡jR

wkÿKe„›`

†j. K‡b©j iæûj Avwgb, GBwm

Aa¨¶, wbS©i K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR

bi~ iægvbv mvweŸi †mvjvqgvb Avjg mRxe gvng`y mvweŸi nvmvb †gvjvø
Dcva¨ÿ cfÖ vlK (evsjv) cfÖ vlK (Bs‡iwR) cfÖ vlK (Bs‡iwR)

†gv. gvneey nvmvb wKewiqv Avn‡g` hv`e Kgz vi mvnv mey Zª wgÎ
cfÖ vlK (MwYZ) cfÖ vlK (c`v_w© eÁvb) cfÖ vlK (imvqb) cfÖ vlK (RxeweÁvb)

gKy xZ †nvmvBb †gv. Bgiæj Kv‡qm †gv. †`‡jvqvi †nv‡mb †gv. bRiæj Bmjvg
cfÖ vlK (Dw™`¢ weÁvb) cfÖ vlK (AvBwmwU) cfÖ vlK (wnmveweÁvb) cfÖ vlK (wdb¨vÝ GÛ e¨vswKs)

wkÿKe„›`

†gv. mgy b Lvb †gv. dvBqvR Avjg †g‡niæb †eMg gg Avwmdv Av³vi
mnKvix wkÿK (evsjv) mnKvix wkÿK (evsjv) mnKvix wkÿK (evsjv) mnKvix wkÿK (evsjv)

gny v¤§` gwy neŸjy vø n gny v¤§` Rvnv½xi Avjg †gvnv¤§` †g‡n`x nvmvb †gv. mvjvDwÏb BDmdy
mnKvix wkÿK (evsjv) mnKvix wkÿK (Bs‡iwR) mnKvix wkÿK (Bs‡iwR) mnKvix wkÿK (MwYZ)

cjvk P›`ª †Nvl ˆmq`v g‡y k`© v Avdixb gvng`y v nvmvb gwbKv nK
mnKvix wkÿK (MwYZ) mnKvix wkÿK (RxeweÁvb) mnKvix wkÿK (f‡~ Mvj) mnKvix wkÿK (A_b© xwZ)

Avãjy AvDqvj Avdmvbv Rvnvb AvivkvZjz dvwZgv mjy Zvbv KvRx gbmiy AvKZvi
mnKvix wkÿK (mgvRweÁvb) mnKvix wkÿK (Mvn¯© ¨’ weÁvb) mnKvix wkÿK (Pviæ I KviæKjv) mnKvix wkÿK (Pviæ I KviæKjv)

wkÿKe„›`

†MŠZg wekv¦ m †gvnv¤§` kv‡n` wgqv †gv. Rvwn`jy Bmjvg wRmvb mvewibv Avjg
mnKvix wkÿK (kvixwiK wkÿv)
mnKvix wkÿK (Bmjvg I ˆbwZK wkÿv) mnKvix wkÿK (Bmjvg I ˆbwZK wkÿv) mnKvix wkÿK (msMxZ)

jvebx w`jviv Av‡jv Zvmwgqv ingvb dvnwg`v Avjg
mnKvix wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz ) mnKvix wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz ) mnKvix wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz ) mnKvix wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz )

k¤úv gRgy `vi †gv. kwn`jy Bmjvg †gv. nvwmeiy ingvb iægvbv Bqvmwgb
mnKvix wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz ) mnKvix wkÿK (Bs‡iwR) mnKvix wkÿK (MwYZ) mnKvix wkÿK (MwYZ)

†gv. wgRvbiy ingvb †Rmwgb Av³vi h_y x Av‡kKv †nv‡mb bmy ivZ Rvnvb
mnKvix wkÿK (mgvRweÁvb) wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz ) wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz ) wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz )

wkÿKe„›`

bRy nvZ dvËvn †gv. †ZŠwdKiz ingvb kvnvbviv Zwz j gxi mvnwibv mjy Zvbv
wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz ) mnKvix wkÿK (imvqb) wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz ) wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz )

kviwgb Av³vi dvnwg`v nK Zvwbqv cviwfb mgy b Kgz vi †Nvl
wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz ) wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz ) wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz ) mnKvix wkÿK (imvqb)

†gv. dwi` DwÏb †gv. AvwkKiz ingvb mwy ¯§Zv ivbx ivq kvÖ eYx `vm
c`Ö kK© (c`v_w© eÁvb) c`Ö kK© (imvqb) mnKvix wkÿK (kvixwiK wkÿv) wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz )

Avmgv cvifxb mxgv dviRvbv †gneey v bvw`qv †nvmvBb ivevn& gmy viivZ
wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz ) wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz ) wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz ) mnKvix wkÿK (Kw… l wkÿv)

wkÿKe„›`

nvmvb gvng`y †gv. wmRvb gvng`y cvi‡fR †gvmv¤§r gvndRz v LvZbz
mnKvix wkÿK (evsjv) mnKvix wkÿK (c`v_©weÁvb) wkÿK (wcÖ ¯‹jz )

Kvgiæj Avn‡g` †gv. †mv‡nj ivbv bvwdmv bvIqvj
wkÿK (imvqb) c`Ö kK© (RxeweÁvb) wkÿK (Kw… l wkÿv)

Rv‡Kiv wejwKm CwkZv Av³vi
wkÿK (Mvn¯© ¨’ weÁvb) mnKvix wkÿK (Bmjvg I ˆbwZK wkÿv)

Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvixe„›`

†gv. AvKivg †nv‡mb †gv. wmwÏKiz ingvb Iqvwn`¾y vgvb Avey Qv‡qg †gv. Rqbjy Av‡e`xb
ckÖ vmwbK KgK© Zv© wnmve iÿK Awdm mcy vwib‡Ub‡W›U †Kqvi‡UKvi

Gg Gg Avey KvIQvi Zwz nb bvwn`v Av³vi Rvnvb †gv. AvwRRiy ingvb †gv. Avj-Avwgb
†gwW‡Kj A¨vwm÷¨v›U †gwW‡Kj mnKvix Awdm mnKvix Awdm mnKvix Kvg-Kw¤úDUvi Acv‡iUi

†gv. Avwid †nv‡mb †gv. gwbi †nv‡mb †gv. BDmdy miKvi †gv. bvwmi DwÏb
Awdm mnKvix Awdm mnKvix Awdm mnKvix wnmve mnKvix

†gv. ZwiKjz Bmjvg Lvb †gv. Qv‡jKiz ingvb †gv. Avgvbjy vø n †gv. gvgby †gvjvø
wnmve mnKvix †÷vi wKcvi wiwmcmwb÷ Wvª Bfvi

Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvixe„›`

AvQgv Av³vi †gvmv. Avwidv Rvgvb iwngv Av³vi iægv †ivwRbv Av³vi
jvB‡ewª i mnKvix jvB‡ewª i A¨v‡Ub‡W›U Kv¬ m A¨v‡Ub‡W›U Kv¬ m A¨v‡Ub‡W›U

Zvnwgbv Lvbg Avb›`x LvZbz miy vBqv Lvbg we_x Zvnwgbv Lvbg
Kv¬ m A¨v‡Ub‡W›U Kv¬ m A¨v‡Ub‡W›U Kv¬ m A¨v‡Ub‡W›U Kv¬ m A¨v‡Ub‡W›U

mwy gÎv evjv wekv¦ m †gv. iv‡mj wgqv †Kqv Lvbg †i‡eKv mjy Zvbv (†Kqv)
Kv¬ m A¨v‡Ub‡W›U j¨ve A¨v‡Ub‡W›U (imvqb weÁvbvMvi)
j¨ve A¨v‡Ub‡W›U (RxeweÁvb weÁvbvMvi) wkÿK mnKvix

†gŠmwy g Av³vi AvwbKv Av³vi †nvmvBb Avngv` gvndRz iy ingvb
wkÿK mnKvix wkÿK mnKvix †g‡mÄvi †g‡mÄvi

Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvixe„›`

wd‡ivR miKvi †gv. bvwn` Lvb †gv. Kvejy ivbv †gv. ivwKejy nvmvb (kvgxg)
†g‡mÄvi †g‡mÄvi †g‡mÄvi B‡jw±wª kqvb

†gv. Avãmy mvjvg †Zvdv¾j †nv‡mb †gv. nvweeiy ingvb †gv. mgy b
d‡UvKwc †gwkb Acv‡iUi †KvwWs wW‡KvwWs mnKvix MvW© MvW©

wejvø j †nv‡mb †gv. Avwgbiy †gvjvø †gv. kwidjz Bmjvg †gv. wgivR
MvW© MvW© MvW© MvW©

Bevª nxg †kL c`Ö xc gRgy `vi †gv. Kvgvj Avn‡g` †kL †gv. gwy bi †nv‡mb
MvW© gvjx cwi”Qbœ Kgx© cwi”Qbœ Kgx©

Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvixe„›`

†gv. bvwRg DwÏb Avwgi †nv‡mb †gv. LvBiæj Bmjvg †gv. Rvgvj †nvmvBb
cwi”Qbœ Kgx© cwi”Qbœ Kgx© cwi”Qbœ Kgx© cwi”Qbœ Kgx©

†gvmv. nvwdRv LvZby n¨vwc P¤úv ivYx bvM dv‡Zgv Av³vi †i‡eKv mjy Zvbv
cwi”Qbœ Kgx© cwi”Qbœ Kgx© cwi”Qbœ Kgx© cwi”Qbœ Kgx©

weDwU Av³vi wjgv Av³vi
cwi”Qbœ Kgx© cwi”Qbœ Kgx©

wbS©‡ii AMÖhvÎv

ÒceŸ©Z-M„n Qvwo

evwnivq h‡e b`x wmÜzi D‡Ï‡k¨,

ÓKvi †nb mva¨ †h †m †iv‡a Zvi MwZ?

me evuav AwZµg K‡i Awfgy‡L Q‡z U PjvB wbS©‡ii eªZ| Avi GB eªZB wbS©‡ii eo kw³| SY©vi MwZ †hgb AcÖwZ‡iva¨,
wbS©‡ii AMÖhvÎv †Zgwb| GB hvÎvq †Kvb K¬vwšÍ †bB, †bB †Kvb †K¬k| †KvwfW- 19 G hLb c‡y iv cw„ _ex ¯’wei ZLbI
wbS©i Zvi c~‡Yv©`¨‡g KvR K‡i hv‡”Q AbjvBb Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g| wbS©i Zvi wb‡Ri g‡ZvB mij, mPj I mRvM ivL‡Z
Pvq Zvi cÖwZwU wkÿv_©x‡K| me evuav †cwi‡q QzU‡Q DrKl©vwfgy‡L|
GKwU wkÿvcÖwZôv‡bi cY~ ©Zv e‡j wKQz †bB| w`b w`b DrKlv©wfgy‡L AMÖhvÎvB Zvi gj~ jÿ¨| ZvB wbS©‡ii AwfhvÎv
DrK‡l©i w`‡K| w`b w`b DbœwZi m‡e©v”P wkL‡ii IVvi cÖZ¨q wbS©‡ii g~jgš¿|

wbS©‡ii AMÖhvÎv 21

XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui Awb›`¨ m›y `i wbS©i AvevwmK GjvKvq M‡o IVv wbS©i K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jRwU wkÿv_©xi
†jLvcovi Av`k© gvb eRvq ivLvi cvkvcvwk †gav weKvkmn mR„ b ÿgZvi Dbœq‡b KvR K‡i hv‡”Q AK¬všÍfv‡e|
wbS©i K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹jz I K‡jRwU 2 Rvbyqvwi, 2016 Zvwi‡L GKv‡WwgK Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i AvR GwM‡q‡Q
A‡bK`~i| mky „•Lj, `ÿ Ges †`k‡cÖwgK bvMwiK M‡o †Zvjvi gva¨‡g Avawy bK wkÿvi cÖmvi Ges †`‡ki gvbem¤ú`
Dbœqb Kivi wbw`©ó jÿ¨ wb‡q AMÖMvgx n‡”Q cÖwZôvbwU| wkÿv, mZZv I DrK‡l©i eªZ wb‡q `„wócU mywe¯ÍZ… AvaywbK
ÁvbwfwËK wkÿv hv wkÿv_©x‡`i welq †gvKvwejvq cÖ¯‘Z K‡i Zjz ‡Q| ZvQvov cÖwZôv‡bi mvwe©K Kvh©µg wb‡¤œ DwjøwLZ
cvuPwU mwy bw`©ó gj~ bxwZi Ici cÖwZwôZ-

1| Dc‡hvMx cwi‡e‡k RvZxq wkÿv‡evW© I K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹jz I K‡jR †K›`ªxq mgš^q cwil` cÖYxZ cvV¨µg
Abyhvqx wkÿv `vb Kiv|

2| cvV¨ mnvqK I cvV¨µg ewnfZ~© mgwšZ^ Kgm© w~ Pi gva¨‡g wkÿv_x‡© `i kvixwiK I gvbwmK weKv‡k mnvqZv Kiv|
3| ˆbwZK, mvgvwRK, kvixwiK I eyw×e„wËK weKvk NwU‡q mvgwMÖK gvb I DrKl© weKv‡k cÖwZwU wkÿv_x©i Rb¨ mgvb

my‡hvM m„wó Kiv|
4| wkÿv_©x‡`i gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq D™¢vwmZ GKRb m‡PZb †`k‡cÖwgK I †hvM¨ bvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o Zjz ‡Z mnvqZv

Kiv|
5| mR„ bkxj PP©vi gva¨‡g cÖwZwU wkÿv_©x‡K Av`k©evb gvbly wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Kivi cÖqvm MÖnY Kiv|
cÖwZôvbwU cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ AwffveK cÖwZwbwa, wkÿK cÖwZwbwamn GKwU my`ÿ cwiPvjbv cl©` i‡q‡Q| cÖwZôvbwUi
mvgwMÖK weKv‡k i‡q‡Q GKwU mymsnZ I my`i~ cÖmvix bxwZgvjv| G bxwZgvjv cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q cvewjK ¯‹jz I K‡j‡Ri
bxwZgvjv Ges wkÿv cÖwZôvb msµvšÍ miKvwi †emiKvwi bxwZgvjvmg~n h_vh_fv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i| G bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx
cÖwZôv‡bi mvgwMÖK Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q|

22 wbS©‡ii AMÖhvÎv

03 RyjvB 2019 Zvwi‡L K‡j‡Ri wk¶v Kvh©µg Pvjy K‡i cÖwZôvbwU bZzb DrK‡l© Av‡iv GKavc GwM‡q †M‡Q| eZ©gv‡b
cÖwZôvbwUi ¯‹zj kvLvi wk¶K †gvU 57 Rb Ges K‡jR kvLvi wk¶K †gvU 11 Rb| me©‡gvU wk¶‡Ki msL¨v `vuwo‡q‡Q
68 Rb| bbwUwPs ÷v‡di msL¨v 58 Rb| bvm©vwi †_‡K GKv`k †kªwY ch©šÍ 41 wU †mKk‡b GLb †gvU wk¶v_©xi msL¨v
`vuwo‡q‡Q 1547 R‡b| 2017 mv‡j wkÿv_x©iv G cÖwZôvb †_‡K cÖ_g cvewjK cixÿvq AskMÖnY K‡i| 2017 mv‡j 92
Rb wcBwm I 59 Rb †RGmwm cixÿvq AskMÖnY K‡i| G‡`i g‡a¨ kZfvM cvkmn hv_vµ‡g wcBwm‡Z 89 Rb I
†RGmwm‡Z 49 Rb wRwcG 5 †c‡q‡Q| 2018 I 2019 mv‡jI cÖwZôvbwU cvewjK cixÿvq fv‡jv djvdj AR©b K‡i|
2020 mv‡ji GmGmwm cixÿvq weÁvb wefv‡M 81 Rb Ges evwYR¨ wefv‡M 17 Rb †gvU AskMÖnYKvix 98Rb wkÿv_x©i
g‡a¨ 42 Rb wRwcG 5 †c‡q mK‡j mdjZvi mv‡_ DËxY© nq| eZ©gv‡b bvm©vwi †_‡K GKv`k †kÖwY ch©šÍ cÖwZwU
†kÖwYK‡ÿB gvwëwgwWqv cÖhyw³ ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov i‡q‡Q DbœZ †bUIqvK© c×wZ| wkÿK Ges wkÿv_©x‡`i eB
covi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q GKwU mg„× jvB‡eªwi| †hLv‡b i‡q‡Q fvlv, mvwnZ¨, MwYZ, weÁvb I wPÎwk‡íi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© MÖš’vewj|
eZ©gv‡b GLv‡b wkÿK-wkÿv_©xmn mK‡ji Rb¨ eB avi †bIqvi Rb¨ wWwRUvj jvB‡eªwi KvW© ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z K‡i
mK‡jB cQ›`mB eB wb‡Ri Kv‡Q †i‡L covi my‡hvM cvq|
me©vaywbK cÖhwy ³‡Z wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q GKwU Kw¤úDUvi Kvg j¨v½y‡qR j¨ve| hv wkÿv_©x‡`i e¨envwiK cvV wkÿK‡`i
cÖwkÿY Ges wewfbœ †Kv‡m©i Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq| wkÿv_©x‡`i nv‡Z Kj‡g wkÿv †`Iqvi Rb¨ wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q c`v_©,
imvqb, RxeweÁvb GB wZbwU j¨ve| j¨ve wZbwU‡Z me©vaywbK hš¿cvwZ mw¾Z Ably ½ wb‡q wkÿv_©x‡`i e¨envwiK Ávb
cÖ`vb Kiv n‡”Q|
wkÿv_©x‡`i ms¯‹…wZgbv Ges eûgyLx cÖwZfv weKv‡ki j‡ÿ¨ cÖwZôvbwU‡Z bvbvwea Kvh©µ‡gi Ask wn‡m‡e MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q
17 wU K¬ve| K¬ve¸‡jv cÖwZgv‡mi cÖ_g wZb kwbevi Zv‡`i Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K| cÖwZwU K¬v‡e GKRb K¬ve
†Kv-AwW©‡bUimn K‡qRb m`m¨ wkÿK _v‡Kb|
Gme K¬ve Kvh©µg Av‡iv djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q ÔAvgiv Ki‡ev RqÕ †¯øvMvb wb‡q mv‡RK nvDm, ÔmZ¨B m›y `iÕ †¯øvMvb
wb‡q wP¤^Ky nvDm, Ô†gviv SY©vi g‡Zv D”QjÕ †¯øvMvb wb‡q †KIµvWs nvDm Ges ÔAvgiv kw³ Avgiv ejÕ †¯øvMvb wb‡q
weRq nvDm bv‡g PviwU nvDm| nvDm PviwUi bvg evsjv‡`‡ki mDy ”P PviwU cvnv‡oi bv‡g Kiv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z wkÿv_©xiv
cvnv‡oi wekvjZvi g‡Zv D”P gbbkxj wPšÍv-†PZbv wb‡q †e‡o I‡V| wkÿv_©xiv PviwU nvD‡m wef³ n‡q evwl©K µxovmn
Ab¨vb¨ bvbvwea AvšÍtnvDm cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AskMÖnY K‡i| eQ‡ii mvgwMÖK Kvh©µg we‡ePbv K‡i nvDm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ n‡Z
cieZx© bZzb eQ‡ii P¨vw¤úqvb I ivbvi Avc †NvlYv Kiv nq|
GQvovI cÖwZôvbwUi wewfbœ wkÿv_©x cÖwZôv‡bi evB‡i wewfbœ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AskMÖnY K‡i Rqjvf K‡i w`b w`b cÖwZôv‡bi
mybvg evwo‡q P‡j‡Q|
ZvB AwffveKmn ïfvKv•ÿx mKj‡K ej‡Z PvB; †h myD”P Av`k© I cÖZ¨q wb‡q wbS©‡ii AvMÖhvÎv ïiæ n‡q‡Q AvMvgx‡Z
Avgv‡`i cÖ‡Póvi mv‡_ Avcbv‡`i Ae`vb cÖwZôvbwU‡K wb‡q hv‡e GK Ab¨b¨ D”PZvq| Avi GB AvKvk †Qvqu v D”PZvq
†cŠQu evi j‡ÿ¨ wbS©‡ii †h AMÖhvÎv Zv mdj †nvK mK‡ji mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq|

wbS©‡ii AMÖhvÎv 23

wPÎv¼‡Y- mvwgqv, PZ_z © †kÖwY

Rb¥ I †e‡o IVv 1962 mvj

1920 mv‡ji 17 gvP© Uwz ½cvovq G gnvb 1962 mv‡j †K›`Öxq miKv‡ii Mn„ xZ wk¶vbxwZ GB A‡ji QvÎ
†bZvi Rb¥| gagy wZi †Nvjv Rj †g‡L †g‡L mgvR‡K miKviwe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b DØ×y K‡iwQj| 1959 mv‡ji
Zvui †e‡o IVv| dzUej, nvWWz ,z fwjej †Ljvq AvM÷ gv‡m Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© miKv‡ii wbKU n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i Ges
wZwb wQ‡jb `wm¨ evjK‡`i †bZv| Qq 1962 mv‡j Zv cÖKvk Kiv nq| G wi‡cv‡U© A‰eZwbK wk¶vi
fvB‡ev‡bi g‡a¨ e½eÜz wQ‡jb Z…Zxq| aviYv‡K AevšÍi e‡j D‡jøL Kiv nq | wk¶vi my‡hvM myweav msKzwPZ
Kiv nq| cÖwZwU ¯‹‡z j 60% e¨q msMn„ xZ n‡e Qv·`i †eZb †_‡K
1939 mvj evwK 20% e¨e¯’vcbv KZ©…c¶ wbe©vn Ki‡e| Gi d‡j Qv·`i g‡a¨
Av‡›`vj‡bi `vevbj Qwo‡q c‡o| cieZ©x‡Z 1962 mv‡j 8 Ryb
†MvcvjMÄ gv_yivbv_ Bbw÷wUDU ¯‹z‡j AvBqey Lvb mvgwiK kvmb cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z eva¨ nb|
cwi`k©‡b Av‡mb gLy ¨gš¿x dRjjy nK I
†nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x| 19 eQ‡ii ZiæY 1966 Qq `dv
c_ AvM‡j `vou v‡jv `By e‡iY¨ †bZvi| ¯‹‡z ji
Qv` ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ Av`vq K‡ib evikZ UvKv| AvIqvgx jxM mfvcwZ †kL gwy Reiy ingvb 1966 mv‡j 21 †deæª qvwi
†mB Ziæ‡Yi mvnmx c`‡¶‡c cieZ©x‡Z Rb¥ nq jv‡nvi †_‡K †`‡k wd‡i HwZnvwmK Qq `dv Kgm© w~ P †NvlYv K‡ib| 1966
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28 e½eÜz Kbv©i

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G‡`‡ki bvixmgvR RvwZi wcZvi ¯‡^ ciœ †mvbvi evsjv‡`k

e½eÜz Kbv©i 29

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†i‡L‡Q Zvrchc© Y~ © Ae`vb| RvwZmsN kvwšÍ wgk‡b miKvwi AvBb mnvqK Kj †m›Uvimn wewfbœ wel‡q †mevi
Rb¨ i‡q‡Q Kj‡m›Uvi¸‡jv m`v c¯Ö Z‘ |
evsjv‡`k G chš© Í 39wU †`‡ki 64 kvwšÍ wgk‡b L¨vwZ I
mdjZvi mv‡_ Kvhµ© g cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Q|
evsjv‡`k AvR Dbqœ ‡bi †ivj g‡Wj| evsjv fvlv I ¯v^ axb
J wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k MV‡b evsjv‡`k miKvi hMy všKÍ vix evsjv‡`k AR‡© bi R‡b¨ †hgb RvwZi wcZv, fvlvkwn`,
c`‡ÿc MnÖ Y K‡i‡Q| †`‡ki ZY… gj~ chv© ‡q chÖ wy ³i fvlv‰mwbK, gwy ³‡hv×v I ewy ×Rxex‡`i fw‚ gKv †hgb AZjz bxq I
e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g miKvwi †mev †cŠu ‡Q †`evi Rb¨ †`‡ki AeYb© xq †Zgwb evsjv‡`‡ki mgw„ ×i †cQ‡b wkÿvwe`, M‡elK,
4550wU BDwbqb cwil‡` ¯v’ cb Kiv n‡q‡Q BDwbqb wPwKrmK, weÁvbx, A_b© xwZwe`, Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K, mgvR-ms¯‹viK,
wWwRUvj †m›Uvi| ivRbxwZwe`, Kl… K, kwÖ gKmn mvaviY RbM‡Yi fw‚ gKvI

J fw‚ g e¨e¯v’ cbv‡K Avawy bKvqb Ki‡Z 55wU †Rjvq we`¨gvb Acwimxg| ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki Dbqœ b I mgw„ ×i `vwe`vi †`‡ki me
†gŠRv g¨vc I LwZqvb Kw¤úDUvivB‡Rk‡bi KvR m¤úbœ evOvwj| cwÖ ZwU bvMwi‡Ki cwiev‡ii cwÖ Z, †`‡ki cwÖ Z h_vh_
Kivi D‡`¨vM †bqv n‡q‡Q| `vwqZ-¡ KZe© ¨ mZZv I wbôvi mv‡_ cvjbB †`k‡K mgw„ ×i c‡_

J nZ`wi`‡ª `i Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx we¯Z…Í Ki‡Z GwM‡q wb‡q hv‡”Q| AvR‡K hviv wkÿv_x© ZvivB fwel¨‡Z e½eÜiz
eq¯‹, weaev, ¯v^ gx cwiZ¨³ I `ty ¯’ gwnjv fvZv, A¯”^ Qj ¯‡^ ciœ †mvbvi evsjv wewbgv© ‡Y Zvu i Av`k‡© K aviY K‡i GwM‡q
cwÖ ZeÜx fvZv, gvZK… vjxb fvZvmn fvZvi nvi I AvIZv hv‡e| Z‡eB mdj n‡e e½eÜiz †mvbvi evsjv‡`k|

ew„ × Kiv n‡q‡Q|

30 e½eÜz Kbv©i

ˆkk‡e †kL gywRe

Ges Avgvi Av`k©

mvwgqv †PŠayix
†kÖwY: PZz_©, kvLv: K`g

e½eÜz †kL gwy Reyi ingvb, Avgv‡`i RvwZi wcZv, AvRI g¨vwUªK cv‡ki ciciB knx` †mvnivIqv`x©, †k‡ievsjv
wZwb Avgv‡`i †cÖiYvi Drm| e½eÜz †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB G †K dRjjy nKmn ZrKvjxb cÖ_g mvwii ivR‰bwZK
`ÿZv I †bZ‡… Z¡i bvbv ¸Yvewji `„óvšÍ †i‡L‡Qb| RvwZi †bZ…‡Z¡i cÖZ¨ÿ ZË¡veav‡b Zvi ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡bi m~Pbv|
wcZv e½eÜz †kL gwy Reiy ingvb 1920 mv‡j 17 B gvP© †kL gwy Reyi ingv‡bi †QvU‡ejvi ¯^cœ wQj Kl… K nIqv,
dwi`cyi †Rjvi †MvcvjMÄ gnKzgvi (eZ©gv‡b †Rjv) wekvj eo eo †cu‡c Avi †e¸‡bi †ÿZ _vK‡e| UªvK w`‡q
cvUMvwZ BDwbq‡b Uzw½cvov MÖv‡g (eZ©gv‡b _vbv) mewR cvVv‡e eo eo kn‡i| Lye bvg-WvK n‡e Zuvi|
HwZn¨evnx †kL cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvu i wcZvi bvg †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB †kL gywRe K…lK‡`i DbœwZ Kivi Rb¨
†kL jry di ingvb Ges gvZvi bvg mv‡qiv LvZbz | †kL fve‡Zb| gwy Re †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB wewfbœ iKg gRv Ki‡Zb,
gywRe wcZvgvZvi Qq mšÍv‡bi g‡a¨ ZZ… xq Ges cÖ_g cyÎ `óy wz g Ki‡Zb| KL‡bv †Mvgov n‡q e‡m _vK‡Zb bv| wZwb
mšÍvb| evev-gv Av`i K‡i Zv‡K †LvKv bv‡g WvK‡Zb| Zvu i wek¦vm AUj †_‡K Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev` Ki‡Zb, GKvB
Zuviv Pvi †evb Ges `yB fvB| Zviu †jLvcovi nv‡ZLwo nq `vu wo‡q †h‡Zb| Zviu cv‡k †KD bv _vK‡jI wZwb fq
cwÐZ mvLvIqvr Djøvn bv‡gi GK M„n wkÿ‡Ki nv‡Z| †c‡Zb bv| †Ljvayjv, cov‡kvbv, Wv³v‡ii KvQ †_‡K
†LvKvi ˆkke Uwz ½cvov‡ZB Kv‡U| cvjv‡bv GiKg wewfbœ †KŠZn~ ‡jvÏxcK Kv‡Ri cvkvcvwk
1927 mv‡j 7 eQi eq‡m wMgvWv½v cÖvBgvwi ¯‹‡z j fwZ© nb †`‡ki cÖwZ †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB Zvi A½xKvi wb‡Ri wek¦v‡mi
Ges cÖ_g I wØZxq †kÖwY‡Z cov‡kvbv K‡ib| Gici 1929 c‡ÿ `p„ Ae¯’vb wb‡Z †`Lv hvq wK‡kvi †kL gwy Re‡K|
mv‡j †MvcvjMÄ cvewjK ¯‹‡z j Z…Zxq †kÖwY‡Z fwZ© nb RvwZi wcZv †kL gwy Reyi ingv‡bi gZ GKRb gnvb †bZvi
wZwb| 1931 mv‡j wcZv †kL jry di ingv‡bi Kg©¯’j bvbvwea ¸Yvewj AvR Avgv‡`i Rb¨ `ó„ všÍ ¯^iƒc| ˆkk‡e
gv`vixc‡y i Bmjvwgqv nvB ¯‹‡z j PZz_© †kÖwY‡Z fwZ© nb| e½eÜz †kL gywReiy ingvb gvbweK, mvgvwRK I Ab¨vb¨
1936 mv‡j †MvcvjMÄ wgkb nvB ¯‹‡z j 6ô †kÖwY‡Z fwZ© bvbvwea ¸Yvewji †h `„óvšÍ ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb Zv Avgv‡`i Rb¨
nb| ax‡i ax‡i wewfbœ K‡g©v‡`¨vM I e¨w³‡Z¡i Rb¨ QvÎ AbymiYxq I Aby‡cÖiYxq|
wkÿK‡`i bR‡i Av‡mb|

MÖvg evsjvi meyR k¨vgj I wbweo cÖKw… Zi g‡a¨ †e‡o IVv
†kL gywRe †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB wQ‡jb ivRbxwZ I mgvR
m‡PZb| Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPv‡ii weiæ‡× wQ‡jb †mv”Pvi
cÖwZev`x| Uwz ½cvovi GB †QvÆ †LvKv †bZ‡… Z¡i ¸‡Y GKw`b
n‡q I‡Vb evOvwj RvwZi cÖZxK| ¯‹jz Rxe‡bB Ask †bb
mwµq ivRbxwZ‡Z| wK‡kv‡iB Kvivevm ïiæ| Aóg †kÖwYi
QvÎ _vKvKv‡j ZrKvjxb weªwUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`vb
Kivq Rxe‡b cÖ_g †MÖdZvi n‡qwQ‡jb| Zv‡K ¯‹zj Ges
K‡j‡Ri wkÿvRxe‡bi cvkvcvwk mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK
Kg©Kv‡Ð †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB AskMÖnY Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq|

e½eÜz Kbv©i 31

gywRe

BgwZqvR web bi~ †nvmvBb
†kÖwY: mßg, kvLv: cjvk

1920 mv‡ji 17 gvP©, †MvcvjMÄ †Rjvi Uzw½cvov MÖv‡g 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgxjxM wbi¼kz msL¨v-MwiôZv
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib nvRvi eQ‡ii †kÖô evOvwj| gv-evev Av`i jvf Ki‡j gwy Re‡K ÿgZv †`Iqv nq wb| 1971 mv‡j 3
K‡i bvg iv‡Lb †LvKv| †LvKv Lye Av`‡y i bvg| Ab¨ bv‡g gvP© Zvu‡K RvwZi wcZv Dcvwa‡Z fw‚ lZ Kiv nq| wZwb wbR
Zvi bvg nq †kL gwy Reiy ingvb| †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB †LvKv Rxe‡bi SzuwK wb‡q RvwZ‡K evPu v‡bvi †Póv K‡ib, ZvB Zuv‡K
wQ‡jb Mwi‡ei cÖwZ Lye `qvj|y GKevi el©vKv‡j ¯‹z‡ji G m¤§vbbv †`Iqv nq| 1969-Gi HwZnvwmK AvMiZjv
e܇z K QvZv w`‡q wb‡R wf‡R evwo Av‡mb| kxZKv‡j gvgjvq (ivóª ebvg †kL gwy Re I Ab¨vb¨) Zv‡K duvwm
Mv‡Qi wb‡P c‡_i av‡i e‡m _vKv eׄ gwnjv‡K wb‡Ri †`Iqvi cÖ¯Íve wQj| A_©vr wZwb wbR Rxe‡bi SuzwK wb‡q
Mv‡qi Pv`i Rwo‡q w`‡q wb‡R KbK‡b VvÐv mn¨ K‡i evwo KvR¸‡jv K‡i‡Qb| ZvB Zv‡K ÔRvwZi wcZvÕ ejv nq|
Av‡mb| gv †Q‡ji Ggb D`vi gb †`‡L fv‡eb, †Q‡j 1971 mv‡ji 7 gv‡P©i fvl‡Y wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ivÿ
wbðqB †`‡ki Rb¨ eo wKQz Ki‡e| eo n‡q covïbvi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib| 25 gvP© iv‡Z †MÖßv‡ii Av‡M 26
QzwU‡Z evwo G‡m wZwb †`‡Lb K…l‡Ki me avb eb¨vq †f‡m gvP© cÖ_g cÖn‡i wZwb ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv w`‡q hvb| cieZx©‡Z
†M‡Q| G‡`‡L wZwb wb‡Ri evwoi †Mvjvi avb Kl… K‡`i Zv‡K dvu wmi kvw¯Í †NvlYv †kvbv‡bv nq, hw`I Zv Kvh©Ki
w`‡q †`b| Ggwbfv‡e wZwb gvb‡y li gb Rq Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| ¯^vaxbZvi ci 1972 Gi 10 Rvbqy vwi wZwb
GK mgq wZwb GKRb ivRbxwZwe` n‡q D‡Vb| gvIjvbv †`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb| wZwb †mvbvi evsjv Movi ¯^cœ †`‡Lb|
Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx cÖwZwôZ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ GK mvgwiK Af¨y Ìv‡b Zv‡K
Qv·bZv n‡q gywR‡ei cÖ_g ivRbxwZi ïiæ| cieZx©‡Z mcwiev‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq| 2004 mv‡j wewewmi Rwi‡c wZwb
AvIqvgx jx‡Mi hyM¥m¤úv`K, m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e KvR me©Kv‡ji †kÖô evOvwj wn‡m‡e wbe©vwPZ nb|
K‡ib| 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bI wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb
RbwcÖq †bZv| cieZx©‡Z wZwb evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi
j‡ÿ¨ GwM‡q hvb| 1948 mv‡j fvlvi Rb¨ ag©NU WvKvi
Kvi‡Y Zv‡K †Rj LvU‡Z nq| 1966 †Z wZwb Qq `dv
`vwe DÌvcb K‡ib| 1968 mv‡j fvi‡Zi mv‡_ Pzw³i `v‡q
Zv‡K †Rj LvU‡Z nq| 1969 mv‡ji MY-Af¨z Ìv‡bi
gva¨‡g Zuvi gwy ³ n‡j 23 †deªæqvwi 1969 mv‡j Qv·bZv
†Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g` Zvu ‡K Òe½eÜzÓ Dcvwa‡Z f‚wlZ
K‡ib| wZwb RvwZi Rb¨ eÜz ¯^iƒc e‡j Zv‡K Ôe½eÜzÕ ejv
nq| evOvwj RvwZi Rb¨ Zuv‡K evievi †Rj LvU‡Z n‡q‡Q|
co‡Z n‡q‡Q eû nqivwbi g‡y L| Qq `dv `vwei wZb b¤^‡i
wZwb ¯^vqË¡kvm‡bi `vwe cÖwZôv K‡ib| †`k I RvwZi Rb¨
wZwb mvivRxeb ¯^cœ †`‡L‡Qb| GRb¨ Zv‡K ejv nq
Ôe½eÜzÕ| 1969 mv‡j MY-Af¨y Ìv‡bi d‡j cvwK¯Ívwb GK
ˆ¯^ikvmK †Rbv‡ij AvBqey Lv‡bi cZb nq| Bqvwnqv Lvb
ÿgZvq G‡mB me©cÖ_g evOvwj‡K kvšÍ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ 1970
mv‡j wbe©vPb †`Iqvi A½xKvi K‡ib|

32 e½eÜz Kbv©i

e½eÜz I evsjv‡`k

†gv. kv`gvb mvwKe Avqb
†kÖwY: ZZ… xq, kvLv: cjvk

Avwg †`wLwb fvlv Av‡›`vjb, †`wLwb gwy ³h×y ; ïay ï‡bwQ, e‡y bwQ‡jb
gwy ³i exR, †m Avgv‡`i RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gwy Re| Avwg ab¨,
Avwg MweZ© gv‡Mv R‡b¥wQ G †`‡k, †h †`‡ki gvbly e½eÜiy Wv‡K cvÖ Y
w`‡q‡Q AKvZ‡i| mvjvg †Zvgvq e½eÜz w`‡q †M‡Qv †gv‡`i ¯v^ axb †`k
Av‡Rv ZvB ÔRq evsjvqÕ M‡R© D‡V evsjv‡`k| †hvM¨ evevi †hvM¨ Kb¨v
nvj a‡i‡Q AvR †`‡ki, Bbkvjvø n& †gv‡`i evsjv †cŠu Qv‡eB mevi kx‡l|©

Avgvi †`Lv e½eÜzi

mgvwa Kg‡cø·

dvwinv Avdwib (Zvmwdqv)
†kÖwY: ZZ… xq, kvLv: cjvk

wW‡m¤^i gvm, evwl©K cixÿv †k‡l c‡~ e©i gZB P‡j G‡mwQ evwo‡Z hvIqvi ci e½eÜz mgvwa †`L‡Z hve| wKš‘
MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z| GLv‡b G‡m A‡bK gRv KiwQ| `v`yi evwo‡Z hvIqvi Qwz U¸‡jv Kxfv‡e †hb †K‡U hvq| Avi
nv‡Zi gRvi gRvi wcVv I †LRy‡ii i‡mi cv‡qm †L‡Z Kx mgq _v‡K bv| ZvB AveŸy ej‡ZB jvwd‡q DVjvg| n¨vu
†h gRv Zv e‡j eySv‡Z cviwQ bv| GLv‡b bv Avm‡j nqZ hve, hve| e½eÜzi mgvwa †`L‡Z hve ï‡b iv‡Z Avi Nyg
GB gRvUv Ki‡Z cviZvg bv| GgbwK kx‡Zi mKvjUvI n‡jv bv| g‡b n‡”Q KLb mKvj n‡e| KLb hv‡ev| ZvB
Gfv‡e Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cviZvg bv| GiciI gbUv GKUz ciw`b Ley †fv‡iB weQvbv †Q‡o I‡V cojvg| Gici
Lvivc| Avgv‡`i cwiKíbv wQj Gevi evwl©K cixÿv †k‡l mKv‡ji bv¯Ív K‡iB †ei n‡q †Mjvg Avgv‡`i Kvw•ÿZ
KzqvKvUvq hv‡ev| wKš‘ AveŸiy QzwU bv nIqvq †h cwiKíbv åg‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨| MÖv‡gi AvuKv evKu v iv¯Ív w`‡q hvw”Qjvg|
†f‡¯Í †Mj| GRb¨B gbUv Lvivc n‡q Av‡Q| Avgvi gb iv¯Ívi `y cv‡ki cÖvKw… ZK †mŠ›`h© g‡bvgy»Ki| Ggb
Lvivc †`‡L AveŸy nVvr K‡i ej‡jb, ÒP‡jv Avgiv Aciƒc †mŠ›`h© †`L‡Z †`L‡Z KLb †h P‡j Gjvg eSy ‡ZB
Avgv‡`i RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gwy Reyi ingv‡bi mgvwa cvwiwb| †MU w`‡q XKz ‡ZB †`L‡Z †cjvg nvRvi nvRvi
†_‡K N‡y i Avwm|Ó Avgv‡`i MÖv‡gi evwo n‡”Q ev‡MinvU †jvK G‡m‡Qb RvwZi wcZvi cÖwZ kÖ×v Rvbv‡Z|
†Rjvi †gvjøvnvU Dc‡Rjvq| e½eÜiz mgvwa Avgv‡`i evwo †MvcvjMÄ †Rjv m`‡ii 19 wK‡jvwgUvi `‡~ i Uwz ½cvovq
†_‡K †ewk `‡~ i bq| KvQvKvwQ nIqvi ciI KL‡bv hvIqv Aew¯’Z nvRvi eQ‡ii †kÖô evOvwj e½eÜz †kL gywReyi
nq bvB| A‡bKevi cø¨vb K‡i ivLv nq †h Qwz U †c‡j MÖv‡gi ingv‡bi mgvwa| Uwz ½cvov‡K e`‡j w`‡q‡Q e½eÜz †kL

e½eÜz Kbv©i 33

gwy Reiy ingv‡bi mgvwa‡mŠa Kg‡cø·| cÖwZw`b nvRvi eB i‡q‡Q| GQvovI i‡q‡Q D¤§³y gÂ| cÖkvmwbK
†`k-we‡`k †_‡K M‡o cÖvq 5000 gvbyl Av‡mb wcÖq feb, cvewjK cøvRv, K¨v‡d‡Uwiqv eKzj Zjv PË¡i|
†bZvi cÖwZ kÖ×v Rvbv‡Z| Zviv e½eÜiz ¯§w„ Z, Av‡›`vjb, gvRv‡ii mvg‡b GKUv K…wÎg SY©v Av‡Q †`L‡Z Aciƒc
msMÖvg I Z¨vM m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z †c‡i Av‡e‡M AvcøyZ nb| m›y `i| cv‡kB GKUv cyKiz i‡q‡Q| cKy z‡ii cv‡k emvi
Av‡M Av¤§iy gy‡L RvwZi wcZv e½eÜiz Kvwnwb ï‡bwQ| RvqMv i‡q‡Q| A‡bKUv cv‡K©i gZB| Avgiv mevB GB
AvR GLv‡b Avm‡Z †c‡i A‡bK Avb›` jvM‡Q| GUv GK cKy z‡ii cv‡k wKQÿz Y emjvg| e‡m fvewQjvg e½eÜzi
Aciƒc cÖvKw… ZK †mŠ›`h©gwÐZ Avi Avawy bK KvVv‡gvi †Q‡j †ejvi K_v| mwZ¨B GLv‡b GK Av‡eMfiv Ac~e©
`vjvb¸‡jv wekvj HwZ‡n¨i Ask I cÖZxK e‡U| MÖvgwU g‡bvig cwi‡ek wQj| GLv‡b bv Avm‡j eyS‡Z cviZvg
cvUMvZx BDwbqb cwil‡`i Aax‡b n‡jI MÖv‡gi bv‡gB bv| Zvici †Mjvg Rv`Ny ‡ii †fZ‡i| Rv`Ny ‡i i‡q‡Q
Dc‡Rjv m`‡ii bvg n‡q‡Q Uz½xcvov| GB U½z xcvov‡ZB e½eÜzi msMÖvgx Rxe‡bi bvb Av‡jvKwPÎ| GQvovI i‡q‡Q
1920 mv‡ji 17 gvP© Rb¥ wb‡qwQ‡jb †kÖô evOvwj ¯^vaxb e½e܇z K wb‡q wewfbœ wk‡íi AvKu v wPÎKg©| Av‡iv Av‡Q
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’vcwZ e½eÜz †kL gwy Reiy ingvb| 1975 gwy ³ msMÖv‡gi bvbv ch©v‡q †`k I we‡`k †_‡K cÖKvwkZ
mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ NvZ‡Ki ¸wj‡Z g„Zz¨nxb cÖvY wb‡q Rb¥ wewfbœ msev`cÎ| e½eÜz‡K †h Kwd‡b K‡i XvKv †_‡K
Uz½xcvovq wd‡i Av‡mb wZwb| ciw`b cvwievwiK Kei mvgwiK †nwjKÞv‡i Avbv n‡qwQj †mwUI msiÿY Kiv
¯’v‡b gv-evevi cv‡k Zv‡K mgvwaZ Kiv nq| 1996 mv‡j n‡q‡Q| Niy ‡Z Niy ‡Z `yciy n‡q †Mj| cv‡kB wQj †QvU
AvIqvgx jxM miKvi ÿgZvq Avmvi ci U½z xcvovq e½eÜz dzwci evwo| Avgiv gvRvi †_‡K †ewi‡q dwz ci evwo‡Z
mgvwa Kg‡cø· wbg©vY Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv ïiæ Kiv nq| †Mjvg| dzwc †Zv Avgv‡`i †`‡LB gnvLywk| dwz c Av‡M
mv‡eK ivóªcÖwZ wePvicwZ kvnewy Ïb Avn‡¤§` 1999 mv‡ji †_‡K Rvb‡Zb Avgiv Avme| Avgvi dwz c †h KZ iK‡gi
17 gvP© mgvwa †mŠ‡ai wbg©vY Kv‡Ri wfwË cÖ¯Íi ¯’vcb ivbœv K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv `yc‡y ii Lvevi †L‡q GKUz wekÖvg
K‡ib| ms¯‹…wZ gš¿Yvj‡qi ZË¡veav‡b 38.30 GKi Rwgi wbjvg| Gici dzwci KvQ †_‡K we`vq wb‡q †ei n‡q
Dci 17 †KvwU 11 jvL 88 nvRvi UvKv e¨‡q †mbvevwnbxi †Mjvg| Zvici †Mjvg †kL iv‡mj wkï cv‡K©| ILv‡b
BwÄwbqvwis †Kvi-Gi mn‡hvwMZvq cÖZœZË¡ wefvM wbg©vY A‡bK gRv Kijvg| Gici Avevi evwoi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIbv
K‡i| GB mgvwa Kg‡cø·-Gi D`¨vb †cwi‡q e½eÜiz njvg| AvR w`bUv Avgvi Rxe‡bi m›y `iZg w`b¸‡jvi
Ke‡ii cv‡k †Mjvg| cv‡kB i‡q‡Q Ibvi gv-evevi Kei| g‡a¨ ¯§iYxq n‡q _vK‡e mvivRxeb Bbkvjøvn| Avm‡jB
GLv‡b A‡b‡KB mK‡ji kÖ‡×q e½eÜz I Dbvi gv-evevi w`bUv wQj ¯^‡cœi g‡Zv| Av¤§‡y K A‡bK ab¨ev` Rvbvjvg
Kei wRqviZ Ki‡Qb| GB mgvwa Kg‡cø· jvj wmivwgK Avgv‡K Ggb GKwU HwZnvwmK RvqMvq wb‡q Avmvi Rb¨|
I BU, mv`v Kv‡jv UvBjm w`‡q MÖxK ¯’vcZ¨ wk‡íi Av`‡j AvR Avwg GLvb †_‡K Avgv‡`i RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL
wbwg©Z †mŠ‡ai KviæKvh© dzwU‡q Z‡z j‡Q †e`bvi wPý| mv`v gwy Reyi ingv‡bi Rb¥¯’vb, Ibvi †Q‡j‡ejv †hLv‡b
cv_‡i wbwg©Z †MvjvKvi GK M¤^yR wewkó mgvwa †mŠ‡ai †K‡U‡Q, Av‡iv A‡bK BwZnvm Rvb‡Z cvijvg|
Dci †`qv‡j Rvdwi KvUv| G Rvdwi KvUv w`‡q m~‡h©i evsjv‡`‡k A‡bK HwZnvwmK RvqMv i‡q‡Q| Gme
Av‡jv Av‡m| Dc‡i Kv‡u Pi KviæKvR UvBjm I gvSLv‡b HwZnvwmK RvqMv I BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i Rvbv GKvšÍ
†k¦Zïå UvBjm w`‡q e½eÜiz Kei evav‡bv| Dc‡ii Ask cÖ‡qvRb| GRb¨ Avgiv Aek¨B Avgv‡`i †`‡ki
dvuKv| Kei wZbwU‡K wN‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q mswÿß †ivwjs HwZnvwmK RvqMvq Niy ‡Z hv‡ev Ges Gme BwZnvm
w`‡q| G Kg‡cø· G i‡q‡Q GKUv cvVvMvi I Rv`Ny i| m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev|
cvVvMv‡i e½eÜz I cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi †jLvmn Qq

34 e½eÜz Kbv©i

cÖvK ˆkkeKvjxb wkÿv ev Pre school Gi ¸iæZ¡ 36
D”Pwkÿvi cÖ¯‘wZ 39
ï× wkwL, ï× wjwL (ce©-2) 41
wbS©‡ii cÖ_g GmGmwm e¨vP wb‡q fvebv I Kg© ZrciZv 43

AjsKi‡Y: wm`ivZjz gybZvnv wgdwZ, GmGmwm cixÿv_x©

cÖvK ˆkkeKvjxb wkÿv
ev Gi ¸iæZ¡

kviwgb Av³vi
wkÿK (wcÖ-¯‹zj)

wcÖ-¯‹jz Kx? g‡ZvB ev”Pv‡`i hZœ †bb Ges G‡`i myweav-Amyweav¸‡jv
cÖvK-ˆkke wkÿv hv Bs‡iwR‡Z ÔEarly childhood wkÿK‡`i †Pv‡LB mevi Av‡M aiv c‡i| d‡j wkïiv wbR
education’ ejv nq| GKwU RvwZi wkÿv e¨e¯’vi wfwË †_‡KB ¯‹‡z j Avmvi Rb¨ ˆZwi nq, ax‡i ax‡i ¯‹jz ‡K GKwU
c͇֯ii mv‡_ Zjz bv Kiv hvq ˆkke wkÿv‡K| cÖvK-ˆkke gRvi RvqMv g‡b K‡i Ges bZzb cwi‡ek‡K Ley mn‡RB
wkÿv †Kej wkÿv wn‡m‡e bq, GKwU wkïi mvgvwRK, gvwb‡q wb‡Z cv‡i| GKRb wcÖ-¯‹jz wkÿK wn‡m‡e Avwg
gvbwmK, mvs¯‹…wZK I ag©xq `„wófw½ MV‡b cÖvK-ˆkke g‡b Kwi wkï‡`i g‡b Kíbv I ¯^cœ ey‡b w`‡Z cvi‡j I‡`i
wkÿv AwZ ¸iæZ¡cY~ © f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| DbœZ †kLv‡bvUv mnR nq|
†`k¸‡jv‡Z cÖvK-ˆkke wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wcÖ-¯‹‡z j wkïiv Kx wk‡L?
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk, AwaK m¤§vb I †kLv‡bvi gva¨g wn‡m‡e Qov, KweZv, Mí, bvP, Mvb,
gh©v`vc~Y©| Zviv g‡b K‡i, gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii Awfbq I bvbv ai‡bi DcKiY e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
PvB‡Z ¸iæZ¡cY~ © cÖvK ˆkke wkÿv| cÖvK ˆkke wkÿv GQvovI Zv‡`i‡K †kLv‡bv nq †Ljvi gva¨‡g| wcÖ-¯‹zj
†Q‡j-†g‡q‡`i gvbweK ¸Yvewj AR©b, DbœZ PwiÎ I wkï‡`i wkÿv`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Ljv GKwU we‡kl gva¨g|
gh©v`vc~Y© e¨w³Z¡MV‡b cÖv_wgK ¯Íi wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| GLv‡b wkïiv Avb‡›`i m‡½ wkÿv MÖnY K‡i| Avb›``vqK
†Kb wcÖ-¯‹zj? cwi‡ek cvq e‡j wkïiv ¯‹z‡j Avmvi Rb¨ D`MÖxe _v‡K|
eZ©gvb mg‡q †ewkifvM cwiev‡iB †`Lv hvq ¯^vgx-¯¿x GK‡N‡qwg KvUv‡bvi Rb¨ cov‡kvbvi dvu‡K dvu‡K Zv‡`i
`yRbB PvKwi K‡ib| gv-evevi †ewkifvM mgq KvU‡Q P‡j we‡bv`bgj~ K wKQz Kg©KvÐ| Zv‡`i wUwd‡bi aviYvUvI
evwoi evB‡i| ZvQvov †hŠ_ cwievi †f‡O GKK cwiev‡ii gRvi| wewfbœfv‡e Zviv wUwdb Lvq G‡K-Ac‡ii mv‡_
msL¨v evo‡Q| Gme cwiev‡i GK Qv‡`i wb‡P `v`v-`vw`, †kqvi K‡i, hvi d‡j mn‡hvwMZv I e܇bi w`KwU ˆZwi
bvbv-bvwb, PvPv-PvwPi m‡½ †n‡m-†L‡j †e‡o IVvi m‡y hvM nq| LvIqv-`vIqvi cvkvcvwk Zv‡`i †kLv‡bv nq
n‡q DV‡Q bv wkï‡`i| d‡j h_vh_fv‡e mvgvwRKxKiY wkóvPvi| †hgbÑ Kxfv‡e cvwb †L‡Z nq, Kxfv‡e iægvj
nq bv| †QvU cwiev‡i gv-evev mšÍvb‡K mgqI w`‡Z cv‡ib wewQ‡q PvgPwU ai‡Z nq, Kxfv‡e nvZ a‡y Z nq, Uq‡jU
Kg| ZvB nv‡Zi Ici nvZ †i‡L †cwÝj evi evi Nwy i‡q Kxfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z nq, Kxfv‡e wkÿ‡Ki AbygwZ
wkï‡`i eY©gvjv †kLv‡Z gv-evev QUz ‡Qb wcÖ-¯‹zj¸‡jv‡Z| mv‡c‡ÿ me¸‡jv KvR Ki‡Z nqÑ GB mewKQzi wkÿv
Zviv g‡b K‡ib wcÖ-¯‹zj Ggb GKwU RvqMv †hLv‡b wkïwU wcÖ-¯‹jz †_‡KB ïiæ nq| gv‡qi nvZ a‡i wkïwU ¯‹‡z j Av‡m
mgeqmx‡`i m‡½ †gjv‡gkv K‡i wkóvPv‡ii welqwU GLvb wVKB, Zvici nvZ a‡i GKRb wkÿ‡Ki| Avi †mB wkÿK
†_‡KB wkL‡Z ïiæ Ki‡e| A‡bK¸‡jv ev”Pvi m‡½ wgk‡j Ley mn‡RB †mB wkïwUi nvZ †Q‡o w`‡Z cv‡ib bv|
I‡`i gvbwmK I kvixwiK DbœwZ n‡e Lye `ªæZ| ZvQvov wkÿ‡Ki ci †h wRwbmwU cvq, Zv n‡jv fv‡jv eÜz| wkïi
wcÖ-¯‹zj wkÿK‡`i gv‡S Ggb wKQz we‡kl †UKwbK ev mnR cÖviw¤¢K weKvk GKwU mg‡eZ c`‡ÿc| ïay †jLvcov
Dcvq _v‡K hvi gva¨‡g GKwU wkï evev-gvi c‡iB Zvi †kLv‡jB nq bv, ïay cywó w`‡jB nq bv, ïay ¯^v‡¯’¨i †Lqvj
cÖ_g wkÿK‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z ïiæ K‡i| wkÿKMY evev-gvi ivL‡jB n‡e bv, me wKQz mvgÄm¨cY~ © n‡Z n‡e| cÖvK

36 wkÿvqZb

ˆkk‡e wkÿvi mg‡q †Q‡j‡g‡qiv G‡K-Ac‡ii cÖwZ wKQz †kqvi Kiv, KvR Kiv, Mí KivÑ G mewKQBz MÖæc
mngwg©Zv, ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ mn‡hvwMZv I eÜzZ¡c~Y© AvPiY †_‡K Zviv wkL‡Z cv‡i| Avi Gfv‡eB e„w× cvq Zv‡`i
wkL‡Z cv‡i| mvgvwRK DbœwZi cÖwZdjb| `je× AvPi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î
wkï‡`i wcÖ-¯‹z‡j Kx ai‡bi wkÿv †`Iqv DwPZ? cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq †KD wRZ‡j †hgb Drmvn cÖ`vb Kiv †k‡L
wkï‡`i wcÖ-¯‹‡z j cvuPwU av‡c wkwÿZ K‡i M‡o †Zvjv †Zgwb Kv‡iv civR‡q Giv mg‡e`bvi nvZ evwo‡q w`‡Z
DwPZ| †k‡L|
Physical Development (kvixwiK MVb): K¬v‡m Emotional development (Av‡ewMK Dbœqb ev
Ggb wKQz Kvh©µg nIqv DwPZ hvi gva¨‡g Zvi kvixwiK weKvk): Awfe¨w³ cÖKvk cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Rb¥MZ AwaKvi|
cwikÖg nq| †hgb: Zviv †hb †`Šov‡Z cv‡i, jvdv‡Z wkïiv †Ljvi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i Abfy w‚ Z cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K|
cv‡i, gvwU w`‡q †Lj‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡`i †h †QvU †QvU Avi GB cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡gB Zvi mgvR I cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_
nvZ-cv Av‡Q, †m¸‡jvi gv‡mjm¸‡jvi mwVK e¨env‡ii cwiwPZ n‡q I‡V| Kvbœv-nvwm I ivM GB e¨envi¸‡jvi
gva¨‡g Zv‡`i †hb mwVK weKvk n‡Z cv‡i| kvixwiK gva¨‡g GKwU wkï Zvi Av‡e‡Mi cwieZ©b NUv‡Z cv‡i|
DbœwZi Rb¨ Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© avc n‡jvÑfv‡jv ¯^v¯’¨ G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ †_‡K Zv‡`i Av‡eMUv wPb‡Z †k‡L|
A_©vr †hLv‡b Lvev‡ii welwU Ley B ¸iæZ¡cY~ ©| evev-gv‡qi Av‡ewMK DbœwZ ev weKv‡ki †ÿ‡Î Kv‡Ri `vwqZ¡‡eva e‡y S
DwPZ evB‡ii Lvevi †_‡K Zv‡`i mšÍvb‡K `~‡i ivLv| †bIqv, eÜz wbe©vPb Kiv Ges wb‡R‡K wbqš¿Y KivÑ GB
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Lvevi wkï‡`i cwi‡ekb Kiv DwPZ| GQvov welq¸‡jv Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| ˆah© aviY Kiv GKwU wkïi Rb¨
¯‹zj †_‡K hw` †Kvb Lvev‡ii mievivn Kiv nq Zv‡ZI LyeB Kó`vqK GKwU KvR| wcÖ-¯‹z‡j fwZ© nIqvi mv‡_
Zv‡`i we‡kl `w„ ó †`Iqv DwPZ| Kx ai‡bi Lvevi wkï‡`i mv‡_ wkï‡`i ˆa‡h©i cixÿvi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq memgq|
†`Iqv DwPZ, Avi Kx ai‡bi Lvevi eR©b Kiv DwPZÑ KviY ¯‹z‡j Zviv †k‡L wewfbœ wbqg-bxwZ, k•„ Ljv| wkï‡`i
GKwU wkï Zv eSy ‡Z cv‡i Zvi K¬vm I ¯‹zj †_‡KB| mv‡_ Pj‡Z nq wbqgvbey wZ©Zvi mv‡_| G †ÿθ‡jv‡Z wkï‡`i
mv‡_ evev-gv‡KI m‡PZbZv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e| ˆa‡h©i cixÿv w`‡Z nq A‡bK evi| A‡bK mgq
ev”Pv‡`i †e‡o IVvi cÖviw¤¢K eQi¸‡jv‡Z Zv‡`i mly g wcZv-gvZviI ˆa‡h©i eva †f‡O hvq wkï‡`i jvjb-cvjb
Lvev‡ii cÖ‡qvRb| G wel‡q AwffveK‡`i bRi ivL‡Z Ki‡Z wM‡q| ZvB wcÖ-¯‹z‡j ˆa‡h©i GB RvqMvwU wb‡q A‡bK
n‡e| wkï‡`i kvixwiK I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ mwy bwðZ Kiv iKg KvR K‡ib GKRb wkÿK| Gici Avmv hvK
Avgv‡`i `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨| AvZ¥wbf©ikxjZv| wb‡Ri KvR wb‡R Ki‡Z cvivi Avb›`Uv
Social Development (mvgvwRK weKvk): wkïiv wkï we‡kl K‡i ¯‹‡z j G‡m wkL‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_g cÖ_g
Lvwj †cø‡Ui g‡Zv| †e‡o IVvi mv‡_ mv‡_B Zviv ax‡i nq‡Zv †m GKUz fq cvq, fzj K‡i wKš‘ Zv‡Z †_‡g bv
ax‡i wkL‡Z _v‡K| GB †kLvi g‡a¨ w`‡q Zv‡`i Rvbvi wM‡q wkÿKMY Zv‡`i Av‡iv DrmvwnZ K‡i Zjz ‡Z mnvqZv
ZvwM` ev‡o| Zviv cÖkœ Ki‡Z †k‡L Ges bZbz me wel‡q K‡ib| wb‡Ri KvRwU wb‡R KivB `vwqZ¡‡eva| ¯‹‡z j wUwdb
AvMÖn †`Lv‡Z ïiæ K‡i| ¯‹jz PjvKv‡j wkïiv Dc‡hvMx Kivi ci gvwU‡Z ev †Uwe‡ji Av‡kcv‡k wKQz c‡o _vK‡j
eqm Abycv‡Z wewfbœ Abôy vb I cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AskMÖnY †mUv Zz‡j mwVK RvqMvq †djv, e¨env‡ii ci wUmy¨wU †Kvb
K‡i _v‡K| Gi d‡j Zv‡`i AvZ¥wek¦vm evo‡Z _v‡K| ¯’v‡b †dj‡Z n‡e GB `vwqZ¡‡evawU GKwU wkï Zvi ¯‹zj
bZbz bZbz welq Rvbvi I bZbz `ÿZv AR©b K‡i _v‡K| †_‡KB wk‡L _v‡K| eÜz wbe©vPb Ley mnR e¨vcvi wcÖ-¯‹jz
Zviv GB cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g mgeqmx‡`i cÖksmv Ki‡Z wkï‡`i| ˆkk‡e eÜz evbv‡bv GKwU wkïi Kv‡Q LyeB
Ges nvi-wR‡Zi mv‡_ wb‡R‡K gvwb‡q wb‡Z †k‡L| wkïiv ¸iæZ¡cY~ ©| Avi ZvB G mgqB Zv‡K †kLv‡Z n‡e Kxfv‡e
wcÖ-¯‹z‡j P¨v‡jwÄs KvR¸‡jv Ki‡Z fv‡jvev‡m Ges P¨v‡jÄ †m mwVK eÜz wbe©vPb Ki‡e| AvZ¥mshg welqwU Av‡ewMK
†g‡b †bIqvi gva¨‡g fwel¨‡Zi KwVb cwiw¯’wZi m¤§yLxb weKv‡ki g‡a¨ c‡o| wkïiv †Ljvayjvi gva¨‡g AvZ¥mshg
nIqvi mvnm cvq| wkïi mvgvwRKxKi‡Yi g‡a¨ c‡o _v‡K welqwU wk‡L _v‡K| ¯‹‡z j bvbv ai‡bi †Ljvayjv nq| Gme
wkï‡`i Míejv, Qwe AuvKv| Mí ejv ev †kvbv nq A‡b‡Ki †Ljvq †KD nv‡i †KD †R‡Z| wVK †n‡i hvIqvi ciB Zvi
mv‡_| †mLv‡b Zv‡`i MÖæ‡c fvM Kiv nq| MÖæ‡c Kxfv‡e gb Lvivc nq ev Kvbœv K‡i| wKš‘ wkÿKMY ZLbB
_vK‡Z nq, eÜz Kxfv‡e evbv‡Z nq, Zv‡`i mv‡_ A‡bK wkïwU‡K †hfv‡e ewy S‡q †d‡jb Ges gb bv Lvivc Kivi
K_v e¨³ K‡ib, ZvB n‡jv Zv‡`i AvZ¥mshg| Avi GB
AvZ¥mshg Kivi gva¨‡g GKwU wkï Av‡eM I Abyfw‚ Z

wkÿvqZb 37

wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q _v‡K| Av‡eM mnRvZ n‡jI Gi Avðh©RbK cwieZ©b N‡U| Zv‡`i ¯§„wZkw³i e¨vcK
cÖKvk wkÿYxq GKwU welq| wkïiv G mgq †_‡KB †Kvb weKvk N‡U| Zviv Zv‡`i aviYv¸‡jv bZbz Ges AvKl©Yxq
Av‡eM KLb cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wkL‡Z ïiæ K‡i| Dcv‡q weKwkZ Kivi my‡hvM cvq| Zv‡`i Kíbvkw³ †Ljv
language development (fvlvi weKvk): fvlvi I †kLvi Rb¨ cÖavb evnb n‡q I‡V| G‡ÿ‡Î wkï‡`i
e¨envi Ges K‡_vcK_‡bi gva¨‡gB K_v ejvi ïiæ wcÖ-¯‹jz A‡bK mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K| ZLb Zviv wewfbœ Kv‡Ri
wkï‡`i| wVKfv‡e fvlvi e¨env‡ii gva¨‡gB gvbly gva¨‡g Zv‡`i wPšÍv-†PZbvi weKvk NUvq| wkïiv A‡bK
G‡K-Ab¨‡K Zvi Abyfw‚ Z, wPšÍv-fvebvi K_v Rvbv‡Z mgq g‡b ivL‡Z cv‡i bv, f‡z j hvq wKš‘ GB wkï‡`i †QvU
cv‡i| GUv †evSv Riæwi †h, wkïwU Zvi eqm Abqy vqx K_v †eªBb ev Ávb w`‡q fvevB n‡jv Zv‡`i Ávbgj~ K weKvk ev
ej‡Z I fvlv eyS‡Z cvi‡Q wKbv? Zviv wK cÖkœ Ki‡j Cognitive Development. cÖwZwU wkï‡K †kLvi Ges
ej‡Z cvi‡Q ev DËi w`‡Z cvi‡Q? Zviv wK evwoi wVKvbv Zv‡`i m¤¢ve¨Zvq DbœZ Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡ib wcÖ-¯‹jz
ej‡Z cvi‡Q? ev AwffveK‡`i bvg Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡Q? wkÿKMY| cwiev‡ii wkï‡ivM we‡kl‡Ái cvkvcvwk GKwU
wcÖ-¯‹‡z ji wkïiv Mí ej‡Z cv‡i, Mí ïb‡Z cv‡i Ges wkïi Ávb weKv‡k wcÖ-¯‹zj wkÿK‡`i f‚wgKv AZ¨šÍ
Qwe‡Z Kx †`L‡QÑ †mUvI ej‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡`i †Pbv kã ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wkïi gw¯Í‡®‹i weKvk Zvi e¨w³ m¤úK©¸wj
w`‡qB Zviv mva¨gZ evK¨ MVb K‡i K_v ej‡Z ïiæ K‡i| AwfÁZv Ges cwi‡e‡ki Ici wbf©i K‡i| GB
ZvQvov wcÖ-¯‹‡z j Zv‡`i Mvb, kã ejv, Mí ejvi gva¨‡g e¨vcvi¸‡jv gv_vq †i‡LB GKwU wkïi Rb¨ wcÖ-¯‹jz we‡kl
Zv‡`i fvlvi DbœwZ n‡q _v‡K| hLb †QvU †QvU wkïiv gvÎ fw‚ gKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K|
¯‹y‡j hvIqv Avmv ïiæ K‡i, ZLb Zviv †Kvb fvlv‡ZB Ae‡k‡l †h K_vwU ejv cÖ‡qvRb †mwU n‡jvÑ ˆkkewkÿv
mwVKfv‡e Ávb jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv ev ej‡ZI cv‡i bv| GKwU wkïi me‡P‡q eo kw³| R‡b¥i mgq †_‡KB Zvi
¯‹jz B GKwU cÖavb gva¨g, †hLv‡b ïay K_vi gva¨‡g bq wkÿvi mnvqK Zvi ¯^v¯’¨, Rvbvi B”Qv, AvMÖn Ges
Zv‡`i mv‡_ wcÖ-¯‹jz wkÿ‡Kiv Awfbq, Mvb, Mí, Qovi †KŠZn~ j RvwM‡q †Zvjvi Rb¨ cÖvKшkke wkÿvi RvqMvwU
gva¨‡g, bZzb bZbz k‡ãi gva¨‡g, G‡K A‡b¨i mv‡_ †KD wb‡Z cv‡i bv| wkïi mwVK weKvk n‡j Z‡eB †m gj~
K‡_vcK_b Kwi‡q †`Iqv wkÿKM‡Yi GKwU cÖavb avivi ¯‹‡z j gvwb‡q wb‡Z cvi‡e, bq‡Zv Lvc LvIqv‡Z Zvi
`vwq‡Z¡i g‡a¨ c‡o| Gfv‡eB wkïiv ¯‹zj †_‡K fvlvi Amyweav n‡Z cv‡i| en„ Ëi mgv‡R gvwb‡q †bevi Rb¨ I
DbœwZ Ki‡Z †k‡L| †e‡o IVvi cÖ_g avc¸‡jv‡ZB Zviv weKv‡ki cÖwZ we‡kl hZœ †bIqv `iKvi| ZvB GKwU wkïi
fvlvUv‡K Ley fv‡jvfv‡e wkÿ‡Ki gva¨‡g iß K‡i †d‡j| g‡a¨ _vKv mßy cÖwZfv‡K RvwM‡q Zzj‡Z n‡e, c‡i †mUvB
Cognitive Development (Ávbxq Dbœqb ev Zv‡K mviv we‡k¦ Qwo‡q co‡Z mÿg Ki‡e|
weKvk): wcÖ-¯‹zj PjvKv‡j wkï‡`i wPšÍvfvebvq

38 wkÿvqZb

D”Pwkÿvi cÖ¯‘wZ

cjvk P›`ª †Nvl
mnKvix wkÿK (MwYZ)

fvi‡Zi cqÖ vZ ivócª wZ G.wc. †R.Avãjy Kvjvg e‡j‡Qb, D”Pwkÿvi Rb¨ h³y ivóª †h‡Z PvB‡j m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡eÑ
Ògvbly Zvi ¯‡^ ciœ mgvb eo|Ó Avgvi AvR‡Ki †jLv SAT(Scholastic Assessment Test) †Kvmw© U| Avi
Zv‡`i Rb¨ hviv D”Pwkÿvi ¯c^ œ †`‡L| D”Pwkÿvi Rb¨ Abvm© m¯úbœ Kivi c‡i Phd-Ki‡Z †h‡Z PvB‡j weÁvb
h³y ivó,ª KvbvWv, h³y ivR¨ GwM‡q| Gme †`‡k ¯‹jviwkc wefv‡Mi wkÿv_x© ‡`i Ki‡Z n‡e GRE (Graduate
wb‡q D”Pwkÿv MnÖ ‡Yi h‡_ó m‡y hvM i‡q‡Q| Zvi Rb¨ Record Exam) Ges evwYR¨ wefv‡Mi wkÿv_x© ‡`i
mec© _Ö g Avgv‡`i Rvb‡Z n‡e KLb G m‡y hvM cvIqv m¤e¢ | Ki‡Z n‡e GMAT (Graduate management
D”P gva¨wgK cv‡ki c‡i Ges Abvm© m¯úbœ Kivi c‡i admission test) Avi G wZbwU cixÿvB MnÖ Y K‡i ETS
Phd Kivi m‡y hvM cvIqv m¤e¢ | D”Pgva¨wgK cv‡ki c‡i (Educational Testing Service).

wkÿvqZb 39