NIRJHOR CANTONMENT PUBLIC SCHOOL & COLLEGE

Nazrul:
A poet of our Time

Md Shohidul Islam
Assistant Teacher (English)

When Kazi Nazrul Islam was a boy of nine years Nazrul was a dreamer of religious pluralism.
old,he lost his father kazi Faqeer Ahmed,the Division among all beliefs was not accepted at all
Imam and caretakere of a local mosque. After to him.In another editorial in Joog Bani, he
the demise of his father, he joined the local writes:
mosque as the caretaker to support his 'Come brother Hindu!Come Buddhist! Come
family.Out of attraction and love,he joined a leto Christian! Let us transcend all barriers, let us
(travelling theatrical group) run by his uncle
Fazle Karim. He worked and travelled with them forsake forever all smallness, all lies,all
and learned acting as well as writing songs and selfishness and let us call brothers as brothers.
poems for the plays and musicals. Through his We shall quarrel no more'
work and experiences, Nazrul began studying Till now ,we feel his undivided voice against
Bengali and Sanskrit literature, as well as Hindu deep social division. Where people of different
scriptures such as the Puranas. Nazrul religious beliefs are divided and involved in
composed folk plays for the group. Nazrul had a religious businesses,the teachings of Nazrul can
very little support to continue his schooling.In show us the way forward .Only then,people of
1910, Nazrul left the troupe and enrolled at the different castes and religions can live in peace.
Searsole Raj High School in Raniganj. In school,
he was influenced by his teacher, a Jugantar
activist, Nibaran Chandra Ghatok. He later
transferred to the Mathrun High English School,
studying under the headmaster and poet
Kumudranjan Mallik. Unable to continue paying
his school fees, Nazrul left the school.
Through hardships and struggle to survive, he
closely observed the ongoing social injustice &
sectarian attitudes and religious fantacism.
Nazrul was very clear about his religious beliefs.
He believed only in religion not in religious
bigotry and division among all believers. He,in
one of his articles entitled 'Hindu Mussalman'
speaks out:
"I can accept Hinduism and Islam ,but I can not
stand Tikism ( Tiki is a bunch of uncut hair held
closely together on the head by some Hindus)
and beardism ( the practice of growing a beard
to show off as a muslim).Tiki does not mean
Hiduism .......nor does a beard mean Islam."

90 Hall of English

Selfie: A Death Trap

SM Iftekhar Alam
Class: Ten, Section: Palash

A selfie is a self-portrait digital photograph reported in India followed by Russia, USA,
typically taken with a digital camera or Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Drownings and falls
smartphone which may be held in the hand or from the top are the most common reasons for
supported by a selfie stick. Selfies are often the deaths caused by selfies. Risky behavior
shared on social media. causes more deaths.
Selfie deaths have become an emerging issue “No Selfie Zone” areas should be declared across
and many studies have been conducted to assess tourist areas especially places such as water
the epidemiology of selfie related deaths across bodies, mountain peaks and over tall buildings,
the globe. roads, station etc. to decrease the incidence of
Taking selfies is considered to be a mode of selfie selfie death.
expression in today’s generation like looking in a
mirror. It is very popular in social media.
Now-a-days it has become an unavoidable part
of our life. We take selfies in almost every place
like on roads in tourist spots, schools-colleges,
home, parks, stations etc. So, while taking selfies
we must select a safe place.

Today selfie has become a death trap. Many
people have died, recent staticties show when
they were talking selfies and the number is
increasing day by day. From October 2011 to
November 2017, there were 259 deaths in 137
incidents while clicking selfies. The mean age was
22-94 years. About 72.5% of the deaths occurred
in males and 27.5% in females. The highest
number of incidents and selfie-deaths has been

Hall of English 91

Farah Ulfat Ayon Keep on Moving
Class: Eight, Section: Shapla
From my childhood I’ve tried out a lot of things. I mean Rubik’s cube solving. I had an old Rubik’s
mean I always wanted to improve myself by cube. So, I thought I should do this too. I tried
learning new skills. This is a story about my life. tearing Rubik’s cube solving on YouTube. It took me
When I was a little child, about 5 years old, I really about 5 hours to get my first solve. I felt really
enjoyed making stuff with recycles like bottle, happy when I got it solved by myself. Then I
paper, cardboard etc. But I wasn’t satisfied with scrambled it and solved it again. The next time it
that. I wanted do something more. So I tried took me 2 and a half hours. So, I tried and tried
working with electronics. I was so happy when I really hard on solving cube. I learned some tips
made a working fan with a motor and battery. from my friends. The teachers saw our interest in
From there I tried many different things. I made an cubing and decided to hold a cubing competition.
electric car, electric boat and other things like At that time, my personal best solve was under 2
these. But a few months later, I got bored. So, I minutes. So, I thought I should give it a shot. I
tried making a remote-controlled car. When I got didn’t want the last prize. I did it because I worked
success, it felt really great. I was very happy. But, I really hard on cubing. After a week, the
wanted to do something better. My father is a competition started. After the competition, I got
great musician. He used to play flute very nicely. speechless. I got the last place! I solved my cube in
Suddenly, I found interest in learning flute for 55 seconds. I really couldn’t believe it, but still that
about a year. But, after that I got bored again. Then felt amazing. I got famous in the school especially
I went back to electronics. But this time I tried to the kids. I think this was one of my greatest
making a flying drone. I failed a few time but I did achievements. After that I went back to electronics
not give up. Finally I was able to make a flying and tried to make a flying plane. I failed the 1st
drone. I presented it in my school’s science fair and time. But after a lot of hard work and patience I
I got the 2nd place. I was so happy when I got the was able to fly my own remote-controlled plane
2nd place because I got a great achievement for my into the sky. I was so happy that I kept jumping
hard work. After that I went back to musical almost the whole day. I did not have a safe landing
instruments. This time I learned playing guitar. It though. But still I at least flew the plane. It was a
took me about two months to get the basics which dream that came true.
is pretty early I guess. I think the reason is I had a We all have desires in our life. But we all should
great scaling sense from my childhood. I played try out different things. I wanted to give an
guitar for a long time and truly I had a great example. We all must try to improve ourselves,
pleasure. But I was not still satisfied. After a few learn new things and keep on moving in our life.
months everyone got a crazy interest in cutting. I

92 Hall of English

Gateway to Success

Sahrima Ehsan Emra
Class: Ten, Section: Palash

All men are created equal. But, if you choose to pot never boils. If it takes time, it doesn’t help to
stay that way, it will be a mistake. Every man gets constantly checking on it. You just have to give it
the chance to change his life. Some grub the some time even because all good things come to
chance but some let it go away because they an end.
fear to work hard. They have the fear of failure.
This recalls a proverb which we all know: Failure The result may not be sweet. You have to try
is the pillar of success. again. At least, trying again and again will make
What is success? Success is the accomplishment you strong. You will face various problems. You
of an aim or purpose. Once you’ve figured out will fail. You will have to get up again and start
what success means to you, you can build the everything. Every time you will try a new way. This
rest of your goals from there. But it renders that will only make you qualified. Not a failure we all
you won’t achieve success so easily. know, “Better late than never.” It is better to finish
You have to make little goals which will take you something late than to never finish it at all. And
to your final achievement, because a journey of also, “don’t put off until tomorrow what you can
a thousand miles begins with a single step. You do today.” Even God helps those who help
must begin something if you hope to finish it. themselves. If you are patient, good things can
Something that takes a long time to finish begins happen. So you will always have to be prepared
with one step. for what the situation may be. People who are
People love to talk, love to gossip. But you brave and who take risks are more successful than
always have to remember that empty vessels people who do things safely all the time. Here
sound much. goes the saying: Fortune favors the bold. Be brave;
In the road to success, you will get thorns; you be prepared; never stop trying, and then success
will have to go through hard time. But if you stay will be knocking at your doors. Just welcome it.
persevering, you will understand the meaning of
the saying that action speaks louder than words. But in this whole journey of fighting’s and
Whoever tries downsizing you, your success will gaining’s, you have to live your life. You have to
just be like a perfect answer for them. Don’t be live the moment. Remember: Yesterday is
eager to have the results fast because a watched history, tomorrow is mystery. But today is a gift.
That’s why it is called present. We shoud
remember:

“If you are born poor, it’s not your fault.
If you die poor, it’s your fault.” (Bill Gates)

Hall of English 93

An International
Crisis

Nazib Hassan to survive and started to break the rules. People
Class: Eight, Section: Kadam were scared because the rate of robbery had
Well, we know that the world is in a very bad increased. After this incident some companies
shape. People are socially distancing and decided to produce products or the people would
protecting themselves from the Coronavirus also die from the need of food. After that, people
known as COVID-19. The virus first started in China started running out of money because there were
and then spread through the whole world. The no jobs to do. Some companies fired their staff
virus has spread so rapidly that almost all the because they couldn’t pay them. People all over
nations still have victims of it to this day. In this the world were struggling from poverty. But we
time people have to maintain their mental and will still be able to beat this huge problem. People
physical health. The virus spreads and mutates around the world are taking necessary steps to
every time. The pandemic is getting worse every stand against the virus and many countries are
day. People are trying to fight back this invisible succeeding. But it will only be a matter of time the
enemy but their lack of following the rules has whole world can overcome this pandemic. The
made it worse. Right now more than 9 million streets are very empty and very few vehicles can
people are exposed to it. If the person is not strong be seen through the roads. Although people are in
enough to fight the virus, then it results in death. their houses, they are spending time in their
There are more than 400,000 deaths from this houses with their family. People are talking to their
virus. In this time, businesses have fallen highly friends using social media. Right now the internet
and are unable to produce the products needed. is playing a big role in spreading messages. It is
Right now there is not a vaccine for the virus. The also allowing people to connect to the people
people who are working on the vaccine say that it around the globe without leaving the house. To
might take more than one year. In this time make ourselves protected from this virus, we must
schools, businesses, supermarkets etc. have been wash our hands frequently especially after every
shut down. The students and the teachers are 20 minutes. There are germs on every object that
doing their best to complete the studies by people touch. In this time, it is not only important
organizing online classes. People who are running to take care of physical health but also mental
businesses are also slowly trying to get back up health. People have to be mentally strong and we
and produce the products needed. The local shops will be able to get through this together. Right now
are only allowed to be opened right now. People there are still many victims of the virus and
are not allowed to be on the street. And everyone doctors are not able to do anything. So, we should
has to be 5 feet apart or the virus can spread be careful of our surroundings, stay careful and we
drastically. In Bangladesh, many steps have been will be able to get through this. We just need to be
taken to prevent the spread of the virus. At first careful and we can win this fight.
people were taking the necessary steps but as
time passed people were running out of resources

94 Hall of English

Work Hard and Enjoy
Your Life

Esha-Binta-Masum sits with folded hands. He waits for some golden
Class: Eight, Section: Kadam opportunities that will come in his way of life. He
We always want that every beautiful thing of this keeps on sitting while others keep on working
world will become mine. We always desire that hard. They aren’t able to achieve what they want.
good things should always happen with me. But in All great men of this world have touched success
reality, we can’t get this thing by only dreaming. by doing hard work. They never bothered about
We have to earn it. And for this, we have to work the nature of work. All work is noble. In fact, work
hard. That hard work is the key to success is a is worship. The Edison was used to working 21
well-known adage. The person who is working hours in a day and he slept only 2 or 3 hours on the
hard is able to gain success and happiness in life. laboratory tables with his books as his pillow.
Yeah, it takes a lot of time. But when we do Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the father of Bengali
something by working hard, the work becomes nation worked day and night to win the freedom
more beautiful and we get a kind of peace. That for his country. Late Prime Minister of India,
peace is much greater than any other thing. A sea Jawaharlal Nehru worked 17 hours a day and
is created by a single drop of water. It takes time seven days a week. There were no holidays in his
but when it is completed, it looks so beautiful. It calendar. Even if the citizens of a country are
becomes a source of life. Great things always take hardworking, the country will certainly progress.
time and hard work to come out. Some people Japan was a backward country a few decades ago.
think that luck is everything. Yes, it is true that But today, it is one of the most prosperous
though a little bit of lucks plays a positive role but I countries in the world. All have been possible by
believe that hard work acts as a main role in our the means of hard work. In fact, Bangladesh is also
successful life. In fact, if only luck is to be prospering day by day. Thanks to all those people
considered, no one would work but just wait till who are working hard to make Bangladesh a
their luck shines up. But this is not the case. Today prosperous country. We all should work hard since
we see that technology has improved to such an our childhood. Because I think childhood is the
extent that a person can have a lunch in Paris and golden time to make our future bright. Hard work
a dinner in New York on the same day. There lies bears a great impact in our student life. If we don’t
great contribution from people like the Wright work hard, we will never be able to make a good
brothers and Henry Ford to invent these means of score in our examination and it will create
transportion, which were the result of their hard problems in the path of our bright future. At the
work and great efforts. If these people had waited end of this topic, all I want to say is, if we want to
for the D-day, probably we could still have been enjoy our life with a smile, we have to work hard.
using fire and wood to cook instead of using
electrical ovens and the globalization would not
have taken effect. An idle depends on chance. He

Hall of English 29255

Tremendous Love

to Nature

Israt Jahan Sadia comfort of physical joy. Nature is our guide,
Class: Seven, Section: Palash guardian of our feelings and instincts and it is
We have deep faith in the omnipotent, the nature that guides us the way to love
omniscient and omnipresent Allah. We submit mankind. In other words, nature molds our
to him very meekly. He has infinite love for feeling and directs us to proper channels. Nature
mankind. His door of pardon and love is free and is the custodian of our moral thoughts. Nature is
open for all. He has created us and given a teacher whose wisdom we can learn if we
affection, love for one another. He created man want and without which any human life is
and nature out of the joy that he took in incomplete or half-hearted. Nature influences
creation. Nature and man are the twin creations us, brings us peace and tranquility of mind when
of Him. What man finds in nature is the result of
what He himself attributes to it. The vivid

pictures of nature are the flowers, the birds, the we were in the din and bustle. Our childhood
beasts, the sky, the moon, the sun, the trees, the days were spent in the midst of beautiful sights
blossoms, the meadows, the grass, the thickets, and sounds of nature. We found pleasure in
the rivers and their flow etc. The sunrise and the roaming about in the midst of nature. We felt an
sunset are beautiful creation on land when from animal pleasure in nature. Like a deer we leaped
behind the hills and crimson rays seem to dip about over the ponds, bill, marshy lands etc.
and flush the whole sky with their light. But the Nature is like a benign mother she appears to
sight of the sun rising out or the waves and then keep a benevolent watch on man and to have a
sinking of eventide beyond the horizon is of holy plan of her own for the good of man.
wondrous charm. We are charmed at the Nature never did betray the heart. It has a
beautiful sights of April, the sweet singing of the healing moral and educative influence on him.
birds and the pleasing scents of flowers; Nature There exists a close relationship between the
is revived and brought back to life by the spring soul of man and the soul of nature. We find
rain. The roots of plants begin to blossom for the consolation in the beauty of nature.

96 Hall of English

My Amazing

Trip to London

Mahmodur Rahman Soad Westminister, Bigben (Clock Tower),
Class: Ten, Section: Shapla Buckingham Palace and Trafalgar Square. Last
27 July 2019, it was a rainy day. I reached Hazrat day we got our certificate and Anglia authority
Shahjalal International Airport in the evening. We arranged a beautiful party.
caught Qatar Airways flight at 7:40 PM and we British study curriculum and Bangladeshi study
reached Hamad International Airport at 12:40 curriculum have a lot of differences. There you can
AM. We took rest there and we went through carry your smart phone in the class. College
some rules and regulations in the Hamad authority gives students the Wi-Fi password. But,
International Airport. After a long journey, we in our country, even mobile charger is not allowed
reached Heathrow International Airport in the
morning. London is a beautiful city. A college bus in the class room. There may be two reasons. One
was waiting for us. We went Chichester college to may be that they don’t like to waste their time and
attend summer camp which was arranged by the other is that technology and internet are part
Chichester college and Anglia. Chichester College of their study.
had arranged accommodation for the students There each and every second was amazing. By
during the study period. now I have become an international student. I
First day, I didn’t have any activities after have got acquainted with many international
roaming around the Chichester University, we friends. Thus, my dream has come true step by
took some pictures. After sometimes, we went step.
to a dining hall to take our lunch. European
Coking style is really disgusting. Everything is
generally boiled and cooked without spices.
Second day, we went to the college to attend our
classes. Our teachers were very friendly. In the
first class they were talking about Basic English.
After taking lunch, we went to WAITROSE super
shop to buy chocolates and drinks. In the
evening, we went to watch movie.
The next day, we visited the Arundel Castle.
What a beautiful place! There we gained
knowledge about the British Empire. One thing
was really interesting that Kings were not
Muslims but they collected and showed the
Quran as a part of their castle.
The next day we went to city market for shopping.
There we felt very cold so we bought some warm
clothes. We visited cathedral and flower garden.
The garden looked like a colorful heaven.
It was 3rd August 2019. We visited London. It is
a city of dream. The weather of London is
amazing. There we visited London Eye,

Hall of English 97

My Wonderful Days in

Nepal

Arjo Ayad Khan Next day we visited Patan Darbar Square, one of
Class: Ten, Section: Shapla the heritage sites of UNESCO. As a country of
Nepal is perhaps one of the best countries that I Buddhism and Hinduism, it had a very rich
have visited. It has everything, from amazing culture. It was built by The Newa people. One of
natural diversity, wildlife and cultural ethos to its biggest attractions was an ancient royal
the awe-inspiring Himalayas. Nepal is a country palace, where the Malla Kings of Lalitpur
of many wonders with treasures that never fail resided. It had temples, old Newari residential
to amaze and inspire me. Recently I had the house, courtyards and huge bell. We had a
chance to visit Nepal. As much as Nepal Treks chance to see the rich culture of both Hindu and
are fun, this time I really wanted to dive deep Buddhist people. People from other countries
into the historical and cultural aspects of the visit it regularly. As a result, it had various
country. After all, Nepal has ten UNESCO World tourists-attracting sites. Clicking picture, eating
Heritage Sites, and despite its growing traditional Nepalese Foods was nothing new.
modernization in places like its capital The most amazing thing was the politeness and
Kathmandu and other major cities, the tenor of helpful behaviors towards us by the Nepalese
cultural spirit is still alive and thriving in almost citizens. After that we left Kathmandu and
all corners of Nepal. headed towards our next destination,
It was a family tour planned by our parents to Swambhunath Monkey Temple. There we saw
surprise me and my younger brother after our the fun between Monkey and human. They were
final exam. It was 8th January 2020, we took off almost everywhere in the temple. I saw one of
for Kathmandu. Because of our excitement, we the famous myths of Yeti as it was first discoed
went to the airport too much early. The flight there. People were taking picture of the statue
took off from Shahjalal International Airport in of Yeti. There was a beautiful temple for both
the evening and reached Kathmandu at local Hindu and Buddhist people. The atmosphere of
time 9.30 pm. It was freezing cold outside when that place was very calm and clean. It was a
we reached there. My hand was almost numb perfect place for meditation towards the
because of the low temperature of a whopping 3 Creator. We had a fun time watching monkeys
Degree Celsius. We had warm welcome by our making fun of other tourists. But it didn’t last
local tourist guide. We reached our hotel “Hotel long as we had to move to the next city, the City
Himalayan Inn”. of Mountain Nagarkot.

98 Hall of English

After a long journey we reached Nagarkot. After The next day was our last day but still we had
reaching there, I thought that I had reached the some free time for us as well. We visited the
most beautiful place for a tourist to visit. It had a biggest Buddhist remains in the world which
beautiful view. There our hotel was Hotel was also a UNESCO heritage site. The place was
Himalayan Villa. Cold and calm atmosphere was full of Buddhist monk, temple, and of course
perfect for a family vacation. It was almost 2200 biggest stupa in the Centre. There we witnessed
feet above from sea level. After that we had some the devotion of the people of Nepal towards
night time left. Next day we went to the oldest their god. It was a pleasure being a part of one
city and also known as the “Cultural City” of of them as we had a special chance to enter
Nepal, Bhaktapur. We saw beautiful temples and monastery.

old civilization of Nepal. It was a great time as we After that, we had to fly back to Bangladesh. It
had a time to interact with both of old and young was an amazing journey. The experience
generation of Nepal. They were very helpful gathered from Nepal journey will always delight
about describing the tradition of the place. The me. I wish to travel Nepal again in future. It was
special attraction of that place was the food, one for a very short time but the fun I had will
of the best, momo which we had in a while. It was remain as a great reminder that we should
almost evening when we left the place and spend some quality time with our family for
headed back to Kathmandu. On the way we pay a refreshing our mind.
visit to the first all women crew of KFC restaurant.
It was a great experience and also a great
example of woman empowerment. After a great
time with them, we finally went to Kathmandu.

Hall of English 99

Monumentalization

of the Year

Mark Dipto Gomes
Class: Eleven, Section: Palash
The government of Bangladesh has declared
the monumentalization of 2020–2021 as the
Mujib Year on the occasion of the centennial
birth anniversary of the founding frontrunner
of the nation, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. This
year will be illuminated and commemorated
from March 17, 2020 to March 26, 2021.

Now, we, the people of Bangladesh, celebrate
Bangabandhu's birth centenary.

We praise today the life and accomplishments twenty fours of our reality as a disregarded
of the Father of the Nation, Bangabandhu Sheik territory of Pakistan and afterward in the three
Mujibur Rahman. On this day, the 100th and a half years wherein the Father of the
commemoration of his birth, we recollect with Nation gave administration to independent
humbleness and with grati cation his Bangladesh, it was his vision of an upbeat,
self-contained commitments to the rise of a prosperous society which attracted us to his
sovereign Bangladesh. And keeping in mind political poesy. Annex to that the tremendous
that we do as such, we can't however recall the moxy he brought into his implementation of
unlimited struggles he experienced, as a leadership, the quiet he showed in the most
detainee of the state and as a survivor of di cult of conditions as he approached
di erent types of maltreatment, and the attempting to bring, as he said over and over
resolute boldness - physical, mental and again, smiles to the faces of his anguished
political - he exhibited all through his arresting individuals. His battle, both before and after the
political career in the quest for his objectives. It liberation of the nation, was centered around
is for us to recollect, in these centennial the indication that society was separated into
festivals of the birth of the emancipator, the an unfathomably enormous segment of the
commitment he brought to the reason for exploited and a little yet in uential group of
nationwide freedom, the leadership he exploiters. Bangabandhu's principle was
revealed all through his political profession in straightforward: democracy should have been
propelling the reason for his people. the fundamental standard of society but
Bangabandhu remains our hang on history for democracy could be there just only when the
the valid justi cation that his was a voice which exploited picked up the authority to shape the
continually and intensely spoke for us. In the providence of the nation.

100 Hall of English

Today, we must not overlook that Bangabandhu's inheritance laid on his dreams
Bangabandhu's intentional administration was about making a prosperous nation where all
essential in the appearance of Bangladesh when residents would be conscious of common
the Father of the Nation was just fty-one years majority rules system. Bangali patriotism was at
of age. By the age of fty- ve he was dead, done the center of his way of thinking through which
to death by homegrown and international he imagined a structure where each resident
intrigue. However in the three and a half years would be the bene ciary of and contributors to
where he directed the fortunes of a the advantages accumulating from social
war-desolated nation, he ensured that all the democratic foundations. Politics of conviction
instruments and all the establishments was all for Bangabandhu and within the ambit
important for an advanced nation-state to lay on of that conviction originated his devotion to
were set up. The nation was gifted with a the value of the rule of law.
constitution within a year of liberation; important A hundred years after his birth and forty- ve
advances were taken in building up the three years after his heartbreaking pass-away, it is
branches of the state - executive, legislative and be tting and appropriate that we maintain and
judicial - with the end goal of cementing the reinforce the goals that the Father of the Nation
construct of the state. Bangabandhu's lived and died for. His dreams were not a few
administration guaranteed the arrival of every and small; and unless we see those dreams take
one of the ten million outcasts who had headed practical shape, we will be collapsing in
toward India during the war and furthermore demonstrating our a ection for and devotion
supervised the arrival of four lakh abandoned to Bangabandhu Sheik Mujibur Rahman.
Bangalis from Pakistan. In the light of a legitimate Bangabandhu lives in every last one of us. We
concern for harmony and compromise in South must fortify this fact today.
Asia, Bangabandhu permitted the Pakistani war
o enders to return to their nation. On his watch,
Bangladesh achieved quick political
acknowledgment and picked up participation of
worldwide organizations.

Hall of English 101

Newton: A Pioneer of
Modern Science

Md. Sindith Safayet
Class: Ten, Section: Palash

Sir Issac Newton (25 December 1642-20 March understanding of forces, particularly gravity.
1727) was an English Mathematician, Physicist, Whether the incident actually happened is
Astronomer, Theologian and author who is unknown, but historians doubt the event- if it
widely recognized as one of the most influential occurred- was the driving force in Newton’s
scientists of all time and as a key figure in the thought process. His most famous work came
scientific revolution. He invented calculus and with the publication of his “Philosophiae
provided a clear understanding of optics but his Naturalis Principia Mathematica” generally
most magnificent work had to do with the forces, called Principia. In it, he determined the three
and specifically with the development of a laws of motion for the universe. The first
universal law of gravity. He attended Trinity describes how objects move at the same velocity
College in Cambridge, England only after it unless an outside force acts upon it. Thus, an
became apparent that he would never be a object sitting on a table remains on the table
successful farmer as he was born in a poor family. until a force, the push of a hand or gravity, acts
While there, he took interest in mathematics, upon it. Similarly an object travels at the same
optics, physics, and astronomy. But he was speed unless it interacts with another force such
forced to take a two year hiatus when a plague as friction.
closed Trinity College. At home, he continued to His second law of motion provided a calculation
work with the optics, using a prism to separate for how forces interact. The force acting on an
white light and became the first person to argue object is equal to the object’s mass times the
that white light was a mixture of many types of acceleration it undergoes. Newton’s third law
rays, rather than a single entity. After his states that for every action in nature, there is an
graduation, he began to teach at the college and equal and opposite reaction. If one body applies
was appointed as the second Lucasia Chair in a force on a second, then the second body exerts
Trinity College. He continued working with light a force of the same strength on the first, in the
and color over the next few years and published opposite direction.
his findings in “Optick” in 1704. Disturbed by the From all this, Newton calculated the universal
problems with telescopes at the time, he law of gravity. He found that as two bodies move
invented the reflecting telescope, grinding the farther away from one another, the gravitational
mirror and building the tube himself. Relying on attraction between them decreases by the
a mirror rather than lenses, the telescope inverse of square of the distance. Thus, if the
presented a sharper image than refracting objects are twice as far apart, the gravitational
telescopes at the time. Modern techniques have force is only a forth as strong if they are three
reduced the problems caused by lenses but large times as far apart, it is only a ninth of its previous
telescopes such as the James Webb space power. These laws helped scientists understand
telescope use mirrors. more about the
The popular myth tells of an apple falling from a
tree in his garden, which brought Newton to an

102 Hall of English

motions of planets in the solar system and of the separately, such as finding areas, tangents and the
moon around earth. lengths of curves. He wrote De Methods Serierum
Newton studied the most advanced mathematical et Fluxinum in 1671, but was unable to find a
texts of his time, while on hiatus he continued to publisher. Newton also established a cohesive
study mathematics, laying the ground for scientific method, to be used across disciplines.
differential and integral calculus. He united many Previous explorations of science varied depending
techniques that had previously been considered on the field. Newton established a set format for
experimentation still used today.

Pythagoras

Tasnim Tabassum Sneha
Class: Eight, Section: Kadam

Pythagoras of Samos was a famous Greek mathematician and philosopher. Pythagoras was born in
Samos, a little island of the western coast of Asia Minor. It is said that he had a good childhood. He
was well educated. He did not agree with the government and their schooling, so he moved to Croton
and set up his own cult (little society) of followers under his rule. Pythagoras taught many people and
they had to obey strict rules. He has invented prime number – 2,3,5,7… Prime number is a number
which is only divided by 1 or that number. Example: 2 is only divided by 1 and 2. Pythagoras also
invented that the earth is round. Pythagoras is most famous for his theorem to do with right
triangles. The length of the longest side of the right angled triangle is called the hypotenuse.
Pythagoras said that hypotenuse (c) squared would equal the summation of the other sides squared.
For example:

a2+b2 = c2
Or, c2 = a2+b2
Or, c = (a2+b2 )

This is the proof of Pythagoras theorem ac

3 25 b
5
9a Hall of English 103
c

b4

a2+b2 = c2 16

Or, c2 = a2+b2
Or, 52 = 32+42 [c = 5, a = 3, b = 4]
Or, 25 = 9 + 16
25 = 25

Social Networking:

A Dilemma for the Students

Tahiyat Zahin friend helps them to learn cross cultures,
Class: Seven, Section: Kadam heritage and many interesting and positive
Today's world is a global village. By the grace of things.
internet, one is connected with another in this How Social networking makes trouble: But
vast network generated by the Internet. And on the other side of the coin, the dark sides of
needless to say that nowadays internet is being social networking are just like the tip of an
majorly used to interact with various social iceberg. Many psychologists are worried about
networking sites. Online social networks are the identity crisis that our present generation
created by websites such as Facebook, Twitter, may face today while interacting with social
Instagram, Youtube, Linkedin etc. As of 2015, the media. We can list down here some remarkable
world's largest social networking company, problems one by one:
Facebook, has 1.49 billion active users, and the Wastage of valuable time: Students, while
number of users is increasing every year. One of searching and studying online, get attracted to
the most interesting things to look at is the using social media sites and sometimes they
increasing number of student users on such forget why they are using internet. Thus, they
social networking sites. According to the survey waste their time and sometimes they are not
conducted by famous American research able to deliver their work in the specified time
Centre: Pew Research Center, 72% of high school frame.
and 78% of college students spend time on Reducing learning and research capabilities:
Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.' These Students have started relying more on the
numbers indicate how much the student information accessible easily on these social
community is involved in this virtual world of networking sites and the web. This reduces their
social networking. learning and research capabilities.
A lot of reasons that exist explain why students Reduction in real human contact: The more
love to spend on social networking. Firstly, social time the students spend on these social media
networks provide them the freedom to do sites, the less time they will spend socializing in
whatever they want to upload/download, talk to person with others. This reduces their
whom they want, making new friends and communication skills. The effective
interacting with buddies. Students can create communication skills are key to success in the
other online identities that the real world real world.
sometimes does not allow. Without any doubt, Loosing command over language usage and
students are getting different benefits from creative writing skills: Students mostly use slang
social networking. Like they can make virtual words or shortened forms of words on social
group to make group study discussion, jointly
solving the hard problems, adding value on
assignments by enriching online source
data/facts. Even though, making cross border

104 Hall of English

networking sites. They start relying on the Going outside: Get away from your portal to the
computer grammar and selling check features. network. Get some sunshine, chances are you
This reduces their command over the language need it.
and their creative writing skills. Limiting your memberships: There is no need
Loss of motivation in study: The student's for memberships to 15 different networks. In
motivational level reduces due to the use of fact, there is no need for even 2 memberships of
these social networking sites. They rely on the sites which do the same thing. Choose Facebook
virtual environment instead of gaining practical or Twitter, but not both. This will probably cut
knowledge from the real world. your memberships in half, and hopefully cut the
time spent on them down also.

Using the networks productively: Stop
unnecessary networking rather make it
productive. Every effort would be positively
counted.

Prioritizing: Use these tools only when work has
been done, or during leisure time. Don’t spend
time updating profile or changing picture when
there is work to be done. This will not only save
you time and increase productivity, but will build
self-discipline as well.

Effect on physical and mental health: The Removing the cellphone apps: Don't really need
excessive use of these sites affects both physical Facebook, Twitter or other sites on students’
and mental health. They have been suffering phone. Nothing thereon can be that much
with sleep disorders, joint pain, lack of physical important. Save social networking for when you
activity, being overweight and obese, anxiety, are behind the desk and limit the distractions
depression, headaches and many other throughout the day.
problems. Spending more time with close friends and
How can sort out the troubles: family: Nowadays social networking is making
No matter how social networking is making gap between family, friends and students. They
adverse effects on student life but considering are doing to miss many important assistances
the positive side, we can think for some from them. Hence cutting time on social
approaches that can overcome or reduce the networking will assist to more interact with
bad effects of social networking. offline dears.
Tracking time online: Simply use a stop, arch Last but not least
and set a limit. When time is up, log out, Considering all of the above pros and cons, it is
regardless of what's left. There is always necessary to develop certain regulations over
tomorrow. the use of such social networking sites,
especially for high school and college students.
But still, students should spend time socializing
in an effective way. Students should develop the
cognitive and intuitive ability to analyze how
much time they want to spend on social media.

Hall of English 105

IELTS: A Big Way Beyond
the Border

Arvin Iftekhar in handy. So, if we want to become better and
Class: Ten, Section: Shapla more efficient in English, we can simply do an
The full form of IELTS is International English IELTS course. If we want to do an IELTS course in
Language Testing System. The IELTS test is one of Dhaka, we can either contract at the British
the most popular English language proficiency council or take an online course. For doing a
tests in the world. This exam was established in course, we will need about 15000-20000 Tk. It
1980. IELTS is accepted by most Australian, usually takes 2-3 months for a person to
British, Canadian and New Zealand academic
institutions. So if anyone wants to go abroad for

high education, he can easily make that wish complete it. A person can complete this course
into a reality by taking the IELTS exam. In 2017, faster than 2 months or so. But, it depends on
over 3 million tests were taken in more than 140 the person’s English learning skill. Then even if
countries. So, just imagine how the education we don’t pass the exam, we will still be able to
quality is in the European counties. This exam develop our skills. There are 4 parts of the IELTS
requires skills especially in listening and exam- Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing.
speaking English along with reading and writing. The total grades are 9 and it will be the average
English is an international language and it is also score of all 4 exams. Then they will give you
helpful in our day to day life. We all can do an certificate which will have a validity of 2 years.
IELTS course. It will increase both our knowledge You can apply in the universities that you want to
and skill in English. If anyone wants to go abroad study in those 2 years. So, we all should take an
in any European countries for higher education IELTS course as this exam has no age restrictions.
in any renowned universities, this test will come

106 Hall of English

English: Learning it as
a Second Language

Tahmid Mahfuz Farabi
Class: Ten, Section: Kadam

English is a West Germanic language that was are not getting good jobs in abroad. We have
first spoken in Anglo-Saxon, England in early abilities but we are failing to show these to the
middle ages. It is spoken in almost every country world because of not knowing English properly.
in the world. This makes English the second most Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing are the
spoken language. four skills to practice English. We are not
English has changed and developed over time. practicing speaking and listening skill. We are just
Knowing English increases the chances of getting practicing reading and writing but not properly.
a good job in multinational company within our It’s like a man who doesn’t have one hand and
home country or for finding work abroad. It is one leg but wants to win a race defeating some
the language of international communication, normal people. Is it possible? No, not possible.
the media and the internet, so learning English is The real condition of our English is like that man.
important for socializing and entertainment as After learning some English words, we think we
well as work. are masters of English and show some show off.

Bengali is the sole official and national language We speak some English words while speaking.
of Bangladesh and English is used as second We think we have become the smartest
language. In Bangladesh we learn English to get creatures on earth and any more planets.
good jobs, to gain good marks in exams for We are keeping our both foot on two different
getting A+ and for communications etc. Some boats but can’t control one and we are drowning
say that it is happening because of our in the water. We are learning both English and
education system. Government is giving one or Bengali. But because of wrong guideline, we are
two text books and students are memorizing mixing English with Bangla language in such a
them and taking exams. We are not placing it as way that shows that we are polluting our Bangla
second language and not understanding its language.
importance. Because of forcing, we are
memorizing it. That’s why Bangladeshi people

Hall of English 107

Who Am I? In The Name of Allah

Tanvir Ahmed Tanim Sadman Samin
Class: Ten, Section: Shapla Class: Nine, Section: Palash
Allah is one
Who am I and what is my goal? Related to none
Think yourself and ask your soul. Allah is one!
What have I done and have I got? No father, no mother
Everything is suspicious so think you a lot. No sister, no brother
My destination is far from here No daughter, no son
But it is still shiny and clear Allah is one!
I have to do many things. Allah is great this I know
By overcoming all of fear For the Quran tells us so;
For the country and the people All of us to Him belong
I have to perform my duty well. We are weak but He is strong.
By sweeping the obstacle rearing the sea We seek Allah’s protection
I have to find the land of jewel. From satan’s evil mind;
I have to go forward before I sleep And begin with the name of Allah
For getting the monotonous past Most merciful! Most kind!
To keep the journey fast.
So who am I and what is my goal? For all the things
It is easy to answer just ask your soul. We have today;
For all our friends
We love so much.
For home, for food
For work and play
We thank You
Oh, Allah!

108 Hall of English

The True Meaning of Life And how much I shared
Of my soul and my heart
Nusrat Monami Would ultimately be.
Class: Seven, Section: Shapla What set me apart
And what’s really important
The years have passed by Is my opinion of me
In the blink of an eye, And whether or not
Moments of sadness I’m the best I can be.
And joy have flown by. And how much more kindness
People I loved And love I can show
Have come and have gone Before the lord tells me
But the world never stopped It’s my time to go.
And we all carried on.
Life wasn’t easy It’s My Life
And struggles were there
Filled with times that it mattered. Md Raiyan-Ul-Bari-Raad
Time I just didn’t care Class: Eight, Section: Kadam
I stood on my own If I were a bird!
And I still found my way I could fly in the sky.
Through some nights filled with tears I could live in the woods,
And the dawn of new days. And only work is to search food.
And now with old age Apart from this, I would have no work,
It became very clear Oh! I could fly with sky lark.
Things I once found important If I were a village boy!
Were not why I was here. I could play with real joy.
And how many things I could catch fish,
That I managed to buy Really it’s my long wish.
Were never what made me But alas! I couldn’t be so.
Feel better inside. And it’s my life, Oh no!
And the worries and fears
That plagued me each day Hall of English 109
In the end of it all
Would just fade away.
But how much I reached out
To others when needed
Would be the true measure
Of how I succeeded.

To Become Student Life

Anjum Tasnim Aboney Md. Jihad Khan
Class: Eight, Section: Shapla Class: Seven, Section: Palash
To be honest, speak the truth.
To be healthy, rise and go to bed early. Student life
To be happy, do your work yourself. Is so sweet.
To be smart, make yourself simple. Study and study,
To be pious, follow the instructions of religion. No other deed.
To be perfect, know yourself. Learned teachers,
To be knowledgeable, read, read and read. Great personality,
To be wise, know God. Very attractive.
To be immortal, do something for the country. Their gravity,
Very charming.
So many events,
In and out of
School and classes.
Why it seems
Exam is though,
It gives us
Valuation and laugh

Moon My Father

Samia Mahjabin Sayma Jerrin Md. Fahim Sarkar
Class: Three, Section: Kadam Class: Four, Section: Shapla
Moon Moon Moon
Little moon moon Father, You’re my dream
Tell me a song please You’re my first and last hope,
I am a moon. Father, when you talk to me
You see me at night I forget all my sorrows,
I am silver white and nice I love you.
I give you some light. And I know you also do so
Moon Moon Moon When you are happy
Please go to your bed I feel like heaven.
Thank you moon So I want you to stay with me forever.
Good bye moon. And I don’t want you to be upset ever.

110 Hall of English

MwY‡Zi cvVkvjv

cvB (π) wb‡q wKQz K_v 112
MwY‡Zi GKwU †Ljv 113
AvB‡dj UvIqv‡ii D”PZv KZ? 114
cÖgvY Ki †h 1 = 2 114

cvB (π) wb‡q wKQz K_v

nZ¨v K‡ib| cieZx© ‡Z w·KvYwgwZi RbK U‡jwg 150 mv‡j
cvB‡qi gvb wnmv‡e 3.141666 e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| Aek¨ wZwb
†Kvb c×wZ‡Z G gvb wbYq© K‡i‡Qb Zv Rvbv hvqbv|

†gv: mvjvnDÏxb BDmyd cvÖ Pxb wPb, fviZ n‡q GB cvB‡qi aviYv Avie chš© Í †cŠ‡Q|
mnKvix wkÿK (MwYZ) fvi‡Z 500 mv‡j Avhf© Æ cvB‡qi gvb wbY‡© qi GKwU mÎ~
c`Ö vb K‡ib|
cvB (Bs‡iwR‡Z pi) Gi gvbUv G‡m‡Q GKwU we‡kl Abcy vZ
†_‡K Avi GB Abcy vZUv n‡jv e‡„ Ëi cwiwa Avi e¨v‡mi Pvi Gi mv‡_ GK‡kv †hvM K‡i Zv‡K AvU w`‡q ¸Y K‡i Zvi
Abcy vZ| mw„ ói ïiæ †_‡KB e‡„ Ëi cwiwa Avi e¨v‡mi GB mv‡_ evlwÆ nvRvi †hvM Kiv n‡j wek nvRvi e¨v‡mi e‡„ Ëi
Abcy vZUv mveR© bxb aæª eK (Universal constant)| GB cwiwa cvIqv hvq|
mveR© bxb aæª eK‡K π Øviv mw~ PZ Kiv nq|
Zvi mÎ~ g‡Z cvB Gi gvb hv AvR I Avgiv e¨envi Kwi|
π= {( 100+4)8+62000} / 20000
62832
gvbe mf¨Zvi wjwLZ BwZnv‡mi ïiæ †_‡K AvR chš© Í gvbly 20000 = 3.1416
cvB Gi gvb wbYq© Kivi †Póv Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Q mgvb
†KŠZnz ‡j| †cwcivm n‡Z Rvbv hvq AvR n‡Z cvÖ q 4000 eQi cieZx© ‡Z fvi‡Z Aek¨ cvB Gi gvb wnmv‡e π= 10
e¨envi Kiv nq e‡j Rvbv hvq | Avi‡e 800 mv‡ji w`‡K
Av‡M cvÖ Pxb wgk‡ii gvbly cvB Gi e¨envi RvbZ| Zviv cvB exRMwY‡Zi RbK Avj †Lv‡iRwg cvB Gi gvb wnmv‡e
Gi gvb e¨envi gKvbiZ3.1129652G=3i.1c6gÖ 0v5Y| 1900 BC †Z cvÖ Pxb
e¨wej‡b cvB Gi hvq| 950 BC 3.1416 e¨envi ïiæ K‡ib | wd‡evbvw° 1220 mv‡j cvB
cvIqv Gi gvb wnmv‡e 3.141818 e¨envi K‡ib| 1400 mv‡ji
†Z mjy vBgvb (Av:) Zvi gw›`i (Temple of solomon)
wbgv© ‡Yi mgq cvB‡qi gvb a‡iwQ‡jb 3| 800 BC †Z wjwLZ w`‡K msMgv MvÖ gvi gvae cvB Gi gvb wbY‡© qi Rb¨ GKwU aviv
c`Ö vb K‡ib |
evB‡e‡ji `wy U Ab‡y ”Q‡` (1 kings 7:23 Ges 11 π =1- 1 + 1 - 1 + ...
chronicles 4:2) Zvi cgÖ vY cvIqv hvq| 4 3 5 7

“And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the GBavivwU GLb †MMÖ wi wjewbR aviv bv‡g cwiwPZ KviY mß`k
one brim to the other, it was round all about and kZ‡K GwU Zv‡`i Øviv cb~ tivq Avwe®‹Z… nq | `ty ‡Li welq Gi
its height was five cubits, and a line of thirty cubits †Kw›`fª Z~ Zvi nvi Ley B axi| GgbwK AvwKw© gwW‡mi mgvb
did compass it about” (old testament, 1kings 7:23 ) m²~ Zvi Rb¨ cvÖ q 400 c‡`i †hvMdj †bIqv `iKvi n‡q
c‡o| hv‡nvK wmwiRwU‡K wb‡Pi avivq iƒcvšwÍ iZ K‡i
1 1 1 +....)
GB Ab‡y ”Q` n‡Z Rvbv hvq evB‡ej Abmy v‡i cvB‡qi gvb 30 π= (12) (1- 3.3 + (5.32 ) - (7.32)
wKDweU /10 wKDweU = 3 [1 wKDweU =18 Bw (cvÖ q)]
gvae π=3.14159265359 †ei K‡ib hv 11 Ni chš© Í mwVK|

600BC †Z cvÖ Pxb BwÛqv‡Z ms¯‹Z… cvÐwz jwc kZc` Z‡e 1424 mv‡j Biv‡bi †R¨vwZwe`© Rvgwk` Avj Kvwk 16 Ni
(shatapatha brahmana) †Z cvB‡qi gvb †`Lv hvq chš© Í cvB Gi gvb †ei K‡ib| cieZx© ‡Z fb wPD‡jb R¨vwgwZK
3.1388| 220 BC †Z AvwKw© gwWm c_Ö g R¨vwgwZK Dcv‡q cØwZ e¨envi K‡i `kwg‡Ki ci 32 Ni chš© Í cvB‡qi gvb
cvB‡qi gvb wbY‡© qi †Póv K‡ib| wZwb Aek¨ cvB‡qi mwy bw`ó© mwVKfv‡e wbYq© Ki‡Z mÿg nb| 1665 mv‡j m¨vi AvB‡RK
gvb wbYq© bv K‡i MvwYwZK AmgZvi gva¨‡g Zv cKÖ vk K‡ib| wbDUb cvB Gi gvb 15 Ni chš© Í wbYq© K‡ib|

223 <π< 22 1706 mv‡j DBwjqvg †Rvbm mec© _Ö g cvB Gi cZÖ xK wnmv‡e
71 7 π e¨envi K‡ib hv cieZx© ‡Z Aqjvi (Leonhard Euler)
wZwb cvB‡qi gvb wbY‡© q GZB e¨¯Í wQ‡jb †h Zvi †`k wMmÖ †h RbwcqÖ K‡i †Zv‡jb| Rb gvwPb mec© _Ö g gvwPb Zjz ¨ m‡~ Îi
†ivgvbiv AvµgY K‡i `Lj K‡i wb‡q‡Q Zv Zvi †Lqvj wQjbv| mvnv‡h¨ `kwg‡Ki ci 100 Ni chš© Í cvB‡qi gvb †ei Ki‡Z
GK †ivgvb ˆmb¨ Zvi N‡i c‡Ö ek K‡i †`†Lb wZwb ZL‡bv cvB mÿg nb| ZLb chš© Í wZwbB wQ‡jb 100 Ni chš© Í cvB Gi
wb‡q M‡elYv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb ivMZ¯‡^ i †mB ˆmb¨‡K e‡jwQ‡jb wbfj©y gvb †ei Kiv c_Ö g e¨w³| wKš‘ 1844 mv‡j weÁvbx
“Do not disturb my Circle.” AZtci †mB ˆmb¨B Zv‡K

wbS11©i2I 22MwY‡Zi cvVkvjv

RvKvwiqvm Wv‡m `kwg‡Ki ci 200 Ni chš© Í cvB Gi gvb A‡±vei 2011 Rvcvb `vex K‡i Zviv `gwg‡Ki ci 10 wUwª jqb
†ei K‡i mgKvjxb mKj‡K ZvK jvwM‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb| Ni chš© Í cvB Gi gvb wbYq© K‡i‡Q| Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b
Aóv`k kZvwãi c‡~ eB© cvB Gi b¨~ bZg `wy U ˆewkó¨ Avwe®‹vi 3.1416 GB gvbwU h‡_ó| Avi RvMwZK m²~ cixÿvi Rb¨
n‡q hvq| `kwg‡Ki ci 39 Ni e¨envi K‡i bvmv I Ab¨vb¨ gnvRvMwZK
1| cvB n‡jv Agj~ ` (Irrational) msL¨v A_v© r GwU‡K KL‡bv M‡elYvMvi| hv‡Z Avgv‡`i Rvbv M¨vjvw·i AvqZb wbYq© Kiv
`wy U cY~ © msL¨vi fMvœ sk iƒ‡c cKÖ vk Kiv hv‡e bv Ges GwU hvq, hv‡Z f‡y ji cwigvY _v‡K gvÎ GKwU nvB‡Wvª ‡Rb cigvYiy
`kwg‡Ki ci Amxg chš© Í wemZ„Í n‡e A_v© r Avgiv KL‡bv cvB mgvb| ZviciI gvbly cvB Gi gvb wbYq© K‡i P‡j‡Q Ges Zv
Gi mwVK gvb wbYq© Ki‡Z cviebv| Avgv‡`i ïay Avmbœ gvb m¤e¢ Z gnvwe‡ki^ aŸs‡mi ce~ © chš© Í Pj‡Z _vK‡e| KviY MwYZ
wb‡q mšó‘ _vK‡Z n‡e| n‡jv Ck‡^ ii fvlv hv w`‡q wZwb GB gnvwek^ mw„ ó K‡i‡Qb|
2| GwU Uvª ‡Ýb‡W›Uvj (Transendental) A_v© r GwU‡K †Kv‡bv ZvB‡Zv gnvb wPšvÍ we` Kvj© mvMvb Zvi Dcb¨vm “contact”
exRMwY‡Zi mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb wnmv‡e †jLv hv‡e bv| G D‡jLø K‡i‡Qb †h gnvwe‡ki^ mw„ óKZv© cvB Gi †fZ‡i GKwU
ivWvi‡dvW© `kwg‡Ki ci 202 Ni ch©šÍ cvB Gi gvb wbY©q Mfxi Ges †Mvcb evZv© jwy K‡q †i‡L‡Qb| cvB wb‡q Mí wjLv
K‡ib| †h mv‡j ivWvi‡dvW© B‡jKUªb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib †mB n‡q‡Q KweZv †jLv n‡q‡Q ˆZwi n‡q‡Q PjwPÎ| RbwcqÖ
mv‡j cvB wb‡q me‡P‡q nvm¨Ki NUbv N‡U Av‡gwiKvq| GwU ÷vi‡UKª G kqZvb Kw¤úDUvi‡K weKj Kiv m¤e¢ n‡qwQj cvB
MwYZwe` I weÁvbx‡`i nvZ n‡Z P‡j hvq ivRbxwZi †Ljvi Gi me‡© kl wWwRU wbYq© Kivi Av‡`k w`‡q|
gv‡V| gvwK©b h³y iv‡óªi BwÛqvbv iv‡R¨i cvj©v‡g›U GKwU cvB w`em MvwYwZK aæª eK cvB (π) Gi m¤§v‡b D`h& vc‡bi w`b|
AvBb(246 bs AvBb 1897 ) cvk K‡i †h GLb n‡Z cvB Gi cvB w`e‡mi RbK j¨vwik| cvB Gi gvb cvÖ q 3.14 e‡j cwÖ Z
gvb n‡e 4 A_©vr π=4| we‡k^i mevB cvB Gi gvb wnmv‡e 4 eQi gvP© 14 (3/14) cvB w`em wnmv‡e cvwjZ nq| Z‡e AvcvZ
e¨envi Ki‡eb wbw`©ó UvKv (iqvwjwU) cÖ`vb K‡i| A_P cvB w`em bvbv w`‡b cvwjZ n‡q _v‡K| †hgb Av‡gwiKvi MIT
Zv‡`i iv‡R¨i cvV¨c¯y ͇K GwU wd« e¨envi Kivi Abgy wZ mn †ek K‡qKwU wekw^ e`¨vjq gvP© gv‡mi 25 ZvwiL‡K ÒcvB
_vK‡e| c‡i GB AvBbwU ¯’wMZ Kiv nq| Gici 19 kZ‡K w`emÓ wnmv‡e cvjb K‡i hv 2009 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvi nvDm Ae
DBwjqvg kv¼ `kwg‡Ki ci 527 Ni ch©šÍ wbfy©jfv‡e cvB wi‡c‡Ö Rb‡UwUf mg_b© K‡i‡Q| cvB w`em KLbI KLbI 14
Gi gvb †ei K‡ib| hw`I wZwb 707 Ni ch©šÍ cvB Gi gvb gvP© `cy iy 1Uv 59 wgwb‡U D`h& vcb Kiv nq| H w`b `cy iy 1 Uv 59
†ei K‡iwQ‡jb wKš‘ mvgvb¨ f‡z ji Kvi‡Y Zvi †m gvb 527 wgwbU‡K cvB wgwbU bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| `cy iy 1 Uv 59
N‡i †b‡g Av‡m| me©Kv‡ji †kÖô mnRvZ MwYZwe` kÖxwbevm wgwbU 26 †m‡KÛ ‡K cvB †m‡KÛ ejv nq| cvB †m‡K‡Û cvB
ivgvbyRb 1910 mv‡j cvB‡qi gvb wbY©‡qi GKwU mÎ~ w`em cvj‡bi ga¨w`‡q cvB‡qi gv‡bi (3.1416) KvQvKvwQ
Avwe®‹vi K‡ib hv cieZ©x‡Z Kw¤úDUv‡i cvB wbY©‡qi me‡P‡q mg‡q w`emwU D`h& vcb Kiv m¤e¢ nq| cvB w`em ïay cvB Gi
`ªæZ GjMwi`g wnmv‡e AvRI e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q| Rb¨B ¯§iYxq bq| meK© v‡ji †kôÖ weÁvbx AvBb÷vBb Rb¥MnÖ Y
1949 mv‡j mec© _Ö g BwbqvK bvgK mcy vi Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva¨‡g K‡i‡Qb cvB w`e‡m| GB w`‡b gZ„ ¨z eiY K‡i Av‡iK weL¨vZ
cvB Gi gvb `kwg‡Ki ci 2032 Ni chš© Í wbYq© Kiv nq| 16 c`v_w© e` w÷‡fb nwKs| evsjv‡`k 2006 mvj †_‡K cvB w`em
cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q|

MwY‡Zi GKwU †Ljv

†Zvgvi eÜiz eqm Zwz g e‡j w`‡Z PvI? †mUv Zwz g e¨vcviUv wKš‘ Ley mnR| Zwz g ïay 119 Gi GKK
cvi‡e, †Zvgvi eÜiz K_v w`‡q GKwU wnmv‡ei ¯v’ bxq A¼ 9 †K †K‡U wb‡q 11 Gi m‡½ 9 †hvM
gva¨‡g| G‡mv †`wL Kxfv‡e? a‡i bvI, Zwz g GKwU K‡i eqmwU †ei K‡i‡Q 20|
Abôy v‡b †Zvgvi e܇z `i mv‡_ Av‡Qv| GKRb eÜz G‡mv wgwj‡q †`wL|
†Zvgv‡K ejj Zvi eqm ejvi Rb¨| GLb Zwz g
ej‡j, †ek †Zv| c_Ö ‡g 9 †K GK A‡¼i GKwU eqm 20, (20×10)=200
msL¨vw`‡q ¸Y Ki| Gevi GB ¸YdjwU †Zvgvi Ab¨w`‡K 9 †K †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU A¼,
eq‡mi 10 ¸Y †_‡K we‡qvM Ki| we‡qvM djwU aiv hvK 9 w`‡q ¸Y Kwi| (9×9)=81|
KZ? eÜz ejj we‡qvM dj 119| GLb Zwz g ej‡j GLb (200-81)=119, myZivs eqm = (11+9)=20
†gv. Igi dviæK Avwei †Zvi eqm 20 eQi| mevB †Zv AevK, wKfv‡e! `ªóe¨: eÜiz eqm †hb 9 Gi †ewk nq|
†kÖwY: `kg, kvLv: K`g P‡jv †`‡L Avwm wKfv‡e|

MwY‡Zi cvVkvjv 113

AvB‡dj UvIqv‡ii D”PZv KZ?

Avqnvg nvwgb mvwg
†kÖwY: PZ_z ©, kvLv: kvcjv
†KD hw` Avgv‡K wR‡Ám KiZ, AvB‡dj UvIqv‡ii D”PZv KZ? Zvn‡j Avwg 300 wg. ejvi Av‡M m¤e¢ Z Rvb‡Z PvB‡ev,
kxZKv‡j bv MxÖ ®§Kv‡j? mwZ¨B †Zv Ggb wekvj B¯úv‡Zi KvVv‡gvi D”PZv me DòZvq mgvb _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| Avgiv Rvwb 300
wgUvi j¤v^ B¯úv‡Zi `‡Ði DòZv 1 †mw›U‡MWÖ ew„ ׇZ Zvi ˆ`N¨© 3 wg.wg. ew„ × cvq| DòZv 1 †mw›U‡MWÖ evo‡j AvB‡dj UvIqv‡ii
D”PZvI †gvUvgwy U GKB cwigvY evo‡e| †iv`-Sjg‡j Dò AvenvIqvq c¨vwi‡m GB ¯¤Í w¢ Ui DòZv k‡~ b¨i †P‡q 40 wWwMÖ †mw›U‡MWÖ
Aewa DVv‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨w`‡K VvÐv ev elv© i w`b Gi DòZv 10 wWwMÖ †mw›U‡M‡Ö W †b‡g Avm‡Z cv‡i| kxZKv‡j kb~ ¨ GgbwK k‡~ b¨i
10 wWwMÖ †mw›U‡M‡Ö Wi wb‡PI †b‡g Avm‡Z cv‡i (ceÖ j Zlz vicvZ c¨vwi‡m weij)| DòZvi nv« mew„ × 40 ev ZviI †ewk nq; Zvi
gv‡b, AvB‡dj UvIqv‡ii D”PZv 3×40=120 wg.wg. = 12 †m. wg. chš© Í evo‡Z ev Kg‡Z cv‡i| nv‡Z nv‡Z gvc wb‡q †`Lv †M‡Q
DòZvi nv« mew„ ×i e¨vcv‡i AvB‡dj UvIqvi evZv‡mi †P‡qI †ewk m‡y e`x| evZv‡mi Zjz bvq GUv GZ ZvovZvwo Mig ev VvÐv nq
†h, †gNjv w`‡b nVvr mh~ © DV‡j evZv‡mi †P‡q Av‡M GwU mwµq n‡q I‡V| AvB‡dj UvIqv‡ii D”PZvi cwieZ‡© bi Bw½Z cvIqv
wM‡qwQj we‡kl ai‡bi B¯úv‡Zi ˆZwi GKUv Zvi e¨envi K‡i| GB Zv‡ii Dci DòZvi nv« mew„ ×i †Kvb cfÖ ve c‡o bv ej‡jB
P‡j| Bs‡iwR kã Bb‡fwi‡qej †_‡K GB Avðh© msKi avZwz Ui bvgKiY K‡i‡Q ÔBbfviÕ| Kv‡RB, kxZKv‡ji †P‡q MxÖ ®§Kv‡j
†jvnvi ˆZwi AvB‡dj UvIqvi j¤v^ q 12 †m.wg. †e‡o hvq| Aek¨ GB ew„ ×i Rb¨ GK cqmvI LiP Ki‡Z nq bv KvD‡K|

cÖgvY Ki †h 1 = 2

†g‡n`x nvmvb g‡b Kwi,
†kÖwY: beg, kvLv: cjvk

1| MwY‡Z KL‡bv 1 = 2 nq bv| x=y
n‡j Kx wec`B bv n‡Zv| ⇒ xy=y2 [Dfq cÿ‡K y Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
†`vKvb`vi‡K 100 UvKvi cwie‡Z© ⇒ xy-x2=y2-x2 [Dfq cÿ‡K x2 Øviv we‡qvM K‡i]
200 UvKv w`‡Z n‡Zv| eÜiz KvQ ⇒ x(y-x)=(y+x) (y-x) [Dfq cÿ‡K (y-x) Øviv fvM K‡i]
†_‡K GKwU eB co‡Z G‡b `y‡Uv
†diZ w`‡Z n‡Zv| 1 = 2 KL‡bv ⇒ x(y+x)(y-x) (y+x) (y-x)
n‡Z cv‡i bv †R‡bI †KD †KD y-x = y-x
wbðqB GUv cÖgvY K‡i †`wL‡q ⇒ x= y+x
†`q| cÖgvY nq G iKg:
⇒ x= 2x [ x=y]
∴
∴ 1=2

†evSvB hv‡”Q GLv‡b †Kvb GKwU fyj n‡q‡Q| fzjwU n‡”Q Dfq c‡ÿ (y-x) Øviv fvM Kiv| hvi A_© n‡”Q Dfq c‡ÿ 0
(k~b¨) w`‡q fvM Kiv| MwY‡Z (0) w`‡q fvM Kiv hvq bv| A_©vr †Kv_vI hw` †Kv‡bv wKQz‡K k~b¨ w`‡q fvM †`Iqv nq Zvn‡j
Zvic‡i hv NU‡e MwYZ Zvi `vq`vwqZ¡ †b‡e bv|

114 MwY‡Zi cvVkvjv

weÁv‡bi Avmi

Abvµg¨Zv 116 WvB‡bvmi 125
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvwYK‡‚ ji Aw¯ÍZ¡ I Avgv‡`i KiYxq 118 †kl n‡q hv‡”Q mh~ © 126
gnvwe‡k¦i cÖ_g Av‡jv 121 Ck¦i KYv wnMm †evmb 127
wZb eø¨vK‡nv‡ji j¼vKvÐ 123 weÁv‡bi gRvi inm¨ 128
Av‡jvK el© 124

Abvµg¨Zv
(Immunity)

myeªZ wgÎ
cÖfvlK (cÖvwYwe`¨v)

B`vbxs GKwU kã cvÖ qB †kvbv hv‡”Q, Avi †mwU n‡”Q nvW© G mgq evZv‡mi aw~ jKYv QvovI jÿ jÿ RxevYy Avgv‡`i
BwgDwbwU| K‡ivbvKv‡j gvb‡y li †e‡u P _vKvi Rb¨ GB nvW© Z‡¡ Ki Ic‡i c‡o| Z‡¡ Ki Kvi‡YB GB RxevY¸y ‡jv Avgv‡`i
BwgDwbwUi IciB me‡P‡q †ewk ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb †`‡n c‡Ö ek Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvQvov Z‡¡ K we`¨gvb Ng© MwÖ š’
wewfbœ †`‡ki weÁvbxiv| Avi BwgDwbwU m¤ú‡K© wKQUz v aviYv Ges Z‡¡ Ki wb‡Pi ¯‡Í i we`¨gvb wm‡ewmqvm M¨ø vÛ (mv`v Pwei©
w`‡ZB GB †jLvi AeZviYv| GB BwgDwbwU Kx? GwU ¯iÍ ) †_‡K wbtmZ„ jvB‡mvRvBg bvgK GbRvBg RxevYy
Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i Ges Kxfv‡e †`‡ni BwgDwbwU ew„ × Kiv aŸs‡mi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i †`n‡K miy ÿv c`Ö vb K‡i| c_Ö g
hvq †m m¤ú‡K© Rvbv _vK‡j Avgiv Ley mn‡RB Avgv‡`i ¯‡Í ii cwÖ Ziÿv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Av‡iv i‡q‡Q bv‡Ki †jvg
†`‡ni BwgDwbwU ew„ ×i gva¨‡g AmsL¨ RxevYiy nvZ †_‡K Ges bv‡Ki wfZ‡ii cvÖ Px‡ii wgDKvm wSjxø (hv †_‡K wgDKvm
wb‡R‡`i iÿv Ki‡Z cvwi| hw`I Avgv‡`i ARv‡šBÍ bvgK wcw”Qj c`v_© wbtmZ„ nq), Kv‡bi †fZ‡ii wmiæwgbvm
Avgv‡`i †`‡ni wewfbœ A½ Ges †Kvl Avgv‡`i †`n‡K miy ÿv MwÖ š’ †_‡K wbtmZ„ wmiæ‡gb ev Kv‡bi ˆLj (A‡b‡K KUb evW
c`Ö vb Ki‡Q| Z_vwc BwgDwbwU m¤úwKZ© Ávb Avgv‡`i w`‡q G‡K cwi®‹vi K‡i hv †gv‡UI ¯v^ ¯¨’ m¤§Z KvR bq| G‡Z
AviI †ewk †ivM cwÖ Z‡iva Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| Avi †K bv Kv‡bi wfZ‡i e¨vK‡Uwiqvj Bb‡dKkb nIqvi Swyu K ev‡o|),
Rv‡b, cwÖ ZKv‡ii †P‡q cwÖ Z‡ivaB DËg| g‡y Li jvjv GgbwK cRÖ bb A½mg‡~ ni c‡Ö ekc‡_ we`¨gvb
GLb †R‡b wbB BwgDwbwU Kx? Avgv‡`i †`‡n hw` †Kv‡bv RxevYy jvB‡mvRvBg GbRvBg †`‡n AYRy xe Z_v Gw›U‡Rb c‡Ö e‡k
Abcy ‡Ö ek K‡i cvÖ Kw… ZKfv‡eB Avgv‡`i †`‡n †mB AYRy x‡ei evav †`Iqvi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i‡K RxevYiy nvZ †_‡K iÿv
weiæ‡× A¨vw›UewW ˆZwi nq, hv H RxevY‡y K aŸsm K‡i Avgv‡`i K‡i| cvK¯w’ ji cvÖ Pxi †_‡K ÿwiZ nvB‡Wvª ‡Kv¬ wiK GwmW,
RxevYiy AvµgY †_‡K iÿv K‡i, GB cwÖ µqv‡KB Abvµg¨Zv ev Lv‡`¨i mv‡_ c‡Ö ekKZ… RxevYy aŸs‡mi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i m¯y ’
BwgDwbwU e‡j| Avi †h cwÖ µqvq GB BwgDwbwU KvhK© i nq, _vK‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| c_Ö g ¯‡Í ii cwÖ Ziÿv GK ai‡bi
Zv‡K BwgDbZš¿ ev cwÖ Ziÿv Zš¿ e‡j| bb-†¯úwmwdK cwÖ Ziÿv e¨e¯v’ | KviY GB ¯iÍ †Kv‡bv wbw`ó©
BwgDwbwU Rxe‡`‡ni GKwU AmvaviY ˆewkó¨| GKwU †`‡ki A¨vw›U‡Rb (†`‡n c‡Ö ekKZ… †h‡Kv‡bv ewnivMZ e¯B‘
cwÖ Ziÿvi Rb¨ †hgb wKQz mwy bw`ó© Ges mky •„ Lj evwnbx A¨vw›U‡Rb)- Gi weiæ‡× mwµq nq bv eis mKj ai‡bi
we`¨gvb, hviv wewfbœ ¯‡Í i †`‡ki wbivcËv weavb K‡i, †Zgwb RxevYiy weiæ‡×B cwÖ Z‡iva mw„ ó K‡i|
Rxe‡`‡ni g‡a¨I K‡qKwU ¯‡Í ii cwÖ Ziÿv e¨e¯v’ we`¨gvb| hv GLb Avmv hvK wØZxq cwÖ Ziÿv ¯‡Í i| GwUI GKwU
†Kej gvÎ K‡ivbvB bq, †h †Kv‡bv RxevYiy weiæ‡×B wµqvkxj bb-†¯úwmwdK cwÖ Ziÿv ¯iÍ | †Kv‡bv RxevYy hw` c_Ö g cwÖ Ziÿv
nq Ges Avgv‡`i RxevYiy weiæ‡× cwÖ Ziÿv †`q| Avgv‡`i ¯iÍ AwZµg K‡i †`‡ni wfZ‡i c‡Ö ek Ki‡Z mÿg nq, ZLbB
†`‡n mvaviYZ wZb ¯‡Í ii cwÖ Ziÿv e¨e¯v’ we`¨gvb| c_Ö g wØZxq cwÖ Ziÿv ¯iÍ mwµq n‡q I‡V| GwU Rb¥MZ ev mnRvZ
cwÖ Ziÿv ¯iÍ , wØZxq cwÖ Ziÿv ¯iÍ Ges ZZ… xq cwÖ Ziÿv ¯iÍ | cwÖ Ziÿv e¨e¯v’ | wØZxq cwÖ Ziÿv ¯‡Í ii Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K wZbwU
c_Ö g cwÖ Ziÿv ¯iÍ †`‡ni †fZ‡i RxevYy c‡Ö e‡k evav †`q| Dcv`v‡b fvM Kiv hvq| h_v: d¨v‡MvmvBwUK †Kvl
A_v© r GB ¯iÍ RxevYy Øviv msµg‡Yi c‡~ eB© mwµq n‡q D‡V (d¨v‡MvmvB‡Uvwmm k‡ãi A_© n‡”Q fÿY Kiv),
Ges †`n‡K iÿv K‡i| GB ¯‡Í ii me‡P‡q ¸iæZc¡ Y~ © A½ n‡”Q bb-d¨v‡MvmvBwUK †Kvl Ges ivmvqwbK e¯|yÍ d¨v‡MvmvBwUK
ZK¡ | Avgiv cwÖ ZwbqZ evB‡i hvB, wewfbœ iK‡gi KvR Kwi| †Kvl¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡”Q wewfbœ ai‡bi †kZ¦ i³KwYKv
†hgb: wbD‡Uvª wdj I g‡bvmvBU, g¨v‡µv‡dR, hK‡… Zi Kdz vi

116 weÁv‡bi Avmi

†Kvl BZ¨vw`| †`‡n †Kv‡bv A¨vw›U‡Rb c‡Ö ek Ki‡j, `æª Z GB Avgv‡`i cwÖ Ziÿv c`Ö vb K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î †`‡n we`¨gvb ¯§w„ Z
d¨v‡MvmvBU¸‡jv i³ Øviv evwnZ n‡q A¨vw›U‡Rb‡K Pviw`K †Kvl c‡Ö qvRbxq Z_¨ msM‡Ö n iv‡L| d‡j `xNw© `b c‡iI
†_‡K wN‡i †d‡j Ges ax‡i ax‡i fÿY K‡i †d‡j| d‡j H A¨vw›UewW Zvi wecixZ A¨vw›U‡R‡bi weiæ‡× `æª Z mwµq n‡Z
A¨vw›U‡RbwU aŸsm n‡q hvq hvi d‡j Avgiv msµg‡Yi nvZ cv‡i| nvj Avg‡j K‡ivbvi wPwKrmvq †h cvø Rgv †_ivwci
†_‡K iÿv cvB| Avgv‡`i kix‡ii †Kv‡bv ¯v’ ‡b RxevYiy K_v †kvbv hv‡”Q Zv gj~ Z cvø Rgvq we`¨gvb A¨vw›UewW‡K
msµgY n‡j wKsev †Kv‡bv †cvKvi `sk‡bi d‡j AvNvZcvÖ ß e¨envi K‡iB †ivMxi wPwKrmv Kivi c×wZ|
¯v’ b d‡z j I‡V| Avm‡j AvNvZcvÖ ß ¯v’ ‡b d¨v‡MvmvBU¸‡jv Ro Ic‡ii Av‡jvPbvq GwU Ley B ¯úó †h, Avgv‡`i †`‡ki
nevi Kvi‡YB GgbwU n‡q _v‡K| GwU Avgv‡`i cwÖ Ziÿvi miy ÿvi Rb¨ †hgb kw³kvjx mvgwiK evwnbxi c‡Ö qvRb,
Ask| d¨v‡MvmvBU¸‡jv AvNvZcvÖ ß ¯v’ ‡bi ÿwZM¯Ö ’ wKsev bó †Zgwb Avgv‡`i m¯y f’ v‡e †e‡u P _vKvi Rb¨I GKwU mwµq
n‡q hvIqv †Kvl¸‡jv‡K fÿY K‡i cRuy AvKv‡i †ei K‡i †`q| cwÖ Ziÿv e¨e¯v’ Z_v BwgDb wm‡÷g c‡Ö qvRb| ZviciI
d‡j fv‡jv †Kvl¸‡jv miy ÿv cvq Ges msµg‡Yi nvi †iva nq| Avgiv A‡bK RxevYy Øviv AvµvšÍ nB| Zvi KviY, Avgv‡`i
Av‡MKvi w`‡b kix‡ii †Kv‡bv ¯v’ ‡b G ai‡bi msµgY n‡j †`‡ni BwgDb wm‡÷g nq‡Zvev ZZUv mwµq bq| Kv‡RB
Avgv‡`i e‡qvt‡R¨ôiv Avgv‡`i UK RvZxq Lv`¨ †L‡Z wb‡la Avgiv hw` Avgv‡`i BwgDwbwU mÿgZv ew„ × Ki‡Z cvwi,
Ki‡Zb| Zv‡`i aviYv wQ‡jv, UK RvZxq Lv‡`¨i Kvi‡Y Z‡e Avgiv RxevYy Øviv Ley mn‡RB AvµvšÍ n‡ev bv| Zvi
AvNvZcvÖ ß ¯v’ b †ewk d‡z j I‡V, cRuy nq BZ¨vw`| GB NUbv¸‡jv Rb¨ Avgv‡`i Aek¨B mly g Lv`¨ MnÖ Y Ki‡Z n‡e| BwgDwbwU
†h Avm‡j ÿZ wbivg‡q KvhK© i Zv Zviv Rvb‡Zb bv| A_v© r eaK© Lvevi †hgb: wfUvwgb wm mgׄ Lvevi Ges Ab¨vb¨ dj
Avgiv eSy ‡Z cviwQ †h †K‡U hvIqv ¯v’ b wKsev e¨vK‡Uwiqvj wbqwgZ MnÖ Y Ki‡Z n‡e| AwaK K¨v‡jvwi mgׄ Lvevi
A_ev dvbMvj Bb‡dKkb †_‡K `æª Z cwiÎv‡Yi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i h_vm¤e¢ cwinvi Kiv DwPZ| †mB mv‡_ wbqwgZ chv© ß KvwqK
UK RvZxq A_v© r wfUvwgb wm mgׄ Lvevi †ewk LvIqv DËg| cwikgÖ I e¨vqvg Acwinvh|© KvwqK cwikgÖ I e¨vqvg
†Kbbv wfUvwgb wm d¨v‡MvmvBwUK †Kvl¸‡jv‡K DÏxß Ki‡Z Avgv‡`i ‡Kvlxq mwÂZ Lv`¨‡K e¨q Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
mnvqZv K‡i| bb-d¨v‡MvmvBwUK †Kv‡li g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q d‡j, †Kv‡l Lv‡`¨i AcZÖ jz Zv ‡nZz †Kvl¯’ jvB‡mv‡mvg
NK-†mj (Natural Killer), †e‡mvwdj, gv÷‡Kvl, bvgK A½vYy d¨v‡MvmvB‡Uvwm‡m DØ×y nq| hv ÿwZKviK
BDwm‡bvwdj BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv RxevY‡y K fÿY K‡i bv eis GB RxevY‡y K fÿY K‡i †`n‡K m¯y ’ iv‡L|
†Kvl¸‡jv A_ev G‡`i wbtmZ„ wewfbœ c`v_© mivmwi RxevY‡y K GB †jLvi ïiæ‡ZB nvW© BwgDwbwUi K_v D‡jLø K‡iwQjvg|
AvµgY K‡i aŸsm K‡i †`q| GQvov wewfbœ ivmvqwbK c`v‡_i© nvW© BwgDwbwU gj~ Z n‡PQ GK ai‡bi KwgDwbwU BwgDwbwU|
KvhK© vwiZvqI †`‡ni Af¨š‡Í ii RxevYy aŸsm n‡q _v‡K| hLb mgv‡Ri GKwU wekvj Ask †Kv‡bv msµvgK e¨vwa‡Z
ivmvqwbK c`v‡_i© g‡a¨ B›Uvi‡dib I wewfbœ Kgwc‡ø g›U AvµvšÍ nIqvi ci Zv‡`i g‡a¨ msµvgK e¨vwai wei‡×
wm‡÷‡gi mwµq fw~ gKv G‡ÿ‡Î D‡jLø ‡hvM¨| B›Uvi‡dib cwÖ Z‡iva ÿgZv mw„ ó n‡q hvq, ZLb c‡ivÿfv‡e hv‡`i †`‡n
caÖ vbZ fvBiv‡mi weiæ‡× mwµq nq| GwU GgbwK K¨vÝvi cwÖ Ziÿv ÿgZv Kg, Zv‡`i †`‡nI †mB †iv‡Mi weiæ‡×
†Kvl web‡óI fw~ gKv iv‡L| Aciw`‡K cvÖ q 20 ai‡bi wmivg cwÖ Ziÿv M‡o I‡V| Avi GUvB n‡”Q nvW© BwgDwbwU| nvW©
†cvÖ wU‡bi GKwU MæÖ c A¨vw›UewW ev d¨v‡MvmvBU¸‡jv‡K RxevYy BwgDwbwU `By fv‡e Kiv hvq, c_Ö gwU n‡”Q cwÖ Z‡laK ev wUKv
aŸs‡m bvbvfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡i| wb‡q A_ev †ivMvµvšÍ n‡q| Kv‡RB †evSv hv‡”Q †h hw`
ZZ… xq cwÖ Ziÿv ¯iÍ wU GKwU †¯úwmwdK cwÖ Ziÿv| G‡ÿ‡Î K‡ivbv fvBiv‡mi wUKv Avwe®‹Z… bv nq, Z‡e wØZxq
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AYRy xe ev K¨vÝvi †Kvl aŸsm K‡i Ges c_Ö gevi AvµvšÍ cv‡i| GB c×wZ‡Z A‡b‡KiB Rxebvemvb NUvi `k„ ¨ Avgiv
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†`‡nB †_‡K hvq Ges `xNw© `b a‡i GwU mwµq †_‡K

weÁv‡bi Avmi 117

evsjv‡`‡k cÖvwYKz‡ji Aw¯ÍZ¡
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International Union for Conservation of `k‡KI m›y `ieb A‡j eb¨ gwnl †`Lv †hZ| wbwe©Pv‡i
Nature (IUCN)| GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b cÖ_gev‡ii gZ wkKvi I †ivMvµvšÍ nIqvi Kvi‡Y Giv wejßy n‡q hvq|
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a~mi †bK‡o †bvqvLvjx I PÆMÖv‡g, bxjMvB
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hvq, †`‡ki 390 wU eb¨ cÖvYx †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e w`bvRcyi GjvKvq| GB 13 cÖRvwZi cÖvYxi g‡a¨ †ewki
wecbœ| cÖwZ‡e`bwU‡Z wecbœ cÖvYxi ZvwjKv‡K wZb fv‡M fvMB MZ kZvãx‡ZB wejyß n‡q †M‡Q|
fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| gnvwecbœ cÖvYx 56wU, wecbœ 181wU Ges AZ¨šÍ `yt‡Li welq n‡jv, cw„ _exe¨vcx ev‡Ni wecbœZvi
Sywu K‡Z Av‡Q 153wU cÖRvwZ| GQvovI SzuwKi KvQvKvwQ nvZ a‡i Avgv‡`i RvZxq cï m›y `ie‡bi i‡qj †e½j
Av‡Q 90 cÖRvwZi cÖvYx| UvBMvi (Panthera tigris) gnvwecbœ cÖvYx wn‡m‡e
wPwýZ n‡q‡Q| c„w_ex †_‡K ev‡Ni 3wU DccÖRvwZ wejßy
Gwkqv gnv‡`‡k GL‡bv wZb iK‡gi MÐvi †`Lv hvq, h_v:
fviZxq, mygvÎvb I Rvfv‡`kxq MÐvi| GKmgq wm‡jU

fviZxq MÛvi (Rhinoceros unicornis) bxjMvB (Boselaphus tragocamelus) Mqvj (Bos frontalis)

118 weÁv‡bi Avmi

n‡q‡Q| GLbI 5wU DccÖRvwZi evN Aw¯Í‡Z¡i msK‡UI wU‡K Av‡Q| AvMvgx K‡qK `k‡K m›y `iebmn cw„ _ex †_‡K evN
nvwi‡q hvIqvi Avk¼v i‡q‡Q| evN msiÿ‡Y miKvi †`‡k RvZxq evN cby iæ×vi Kg©mP~ x (Gb wc Avi wc) Ges evsjv‡`k
evN Kg©cwiKíbv (2009-2017 ) ev¯Íevqb K‡i‡Q|

i‡qj †e½j UvBMvi (Panthera tigris) ïïK (Platanista gangetica) mv¤^vi nwiY (Rusa unicolor)

GQvovI AvR †_‡K 25-30 eQi Av‡MI evsjv‡`‡ki b`x‡Z A‡bK ïïK †`Lv †hZ hv GLb Avi †Zgb †`Lv hvq bv|
1996 mvj †_‡K wecbœ cÖvYxi ZvwjKvq bvg D‡V‡Q ïï‡Ki| ïïK iÿvq m›y `ie‡bi AšÍM©Z 31 wK‡jvwgUvi RjR
GjvKvq AfqviY¨ †NvlYv K‡i‡Q miKvi| GQvovI gnvwecbœ cÖvYx‡`i ZvwjKvq i‡q‡Q †g‡Qv evN, nvwZ, †fv`u i, jvgwPZv,
wPZv, ebiæB, DjøKy , Pkgv civ nbgy vb, mv¤^vi nwiY, c¨vivBjøv evbi, wngvjqvb †Wviv KvVweovjx I Kv‡jv fvjKy |

GK mgq fvIqvj gayc‡y ii Mo Avi DËie‡½ †`Lv †hZ Awb›`¨ m›y `i cvwL gqi~ | wKš‘ wbwe©Pv‡i wkKv‡ii d‡j 1980
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wPi meyR Ai‡Y¨ wU‡K wQj, wKš‘ GivI c‡i wejyß n‡q hvq|

meyR gq~i (Pavo muticus) †`wk mvim (Grus antigone) jvj gv_v wUqvVwzu U (Psittacula cyanocephala)

jvjgLy `vwMWvbv bv‡gi GK cÖKvi cvwL GK mgq wm‡j‡U †`Lv †hZ hv GLb wejyß n‡q †M‡Q| cvPu †_‡K mv‡o cvuP dUz
D”PZvi G‡KKwU mvim evsjvi b`xi av‡i Ny‡i †eovZ| gj~ Z wkKvix‡`i Ke‡j c‡o GB wekvj cvwLwU GLb wecbœ
cÖRvwZi ZvwjKvq| GQvov a~mi †g‡U wZwZi I mv`v wZwZi cvwLI nvwi‡q †M‡Q| evsjvi weL¨vZ evw` nvum, †Mvjvwc nvmu ,
eo nvowMjv ev g`b UvK, ajv‡cU eM, mv`v †dvuUv MMb ‡eZ, ivR kKbz , `vwM eKy wUqvVzwu U, jvj gv_v wUqvVwzu U, MvQ AvPu ov
wPiZ‡i G‡`k †_‡K nvwi‡q †M‡Q|

wgVv cvwbi Kwz gi (Crocodylus palustris) Nwoqvj (Gavialis gangeticus) †ev¯Ívgx KvwQg (Nilssonia nigricans)

weÁv‡bi Avmi 119

mixm„c RvZxq cÖvYxi g‡a¨ wgVv cvwbi Kzwgi evsjv‡`‡ki 16.1- Gi gva¨‡g H eQiB 20 wW‡m¤^i RvwZms‡Ni
eb¨ cwi‡ek †_‡K cÂv‡ki `k‡K nvwi‡q †M‡jI GB mvaviY cwil‡`i 68 Zg Awa‡ek‡b 3 gvP©‡K wek¦
Kzwg‡ii †kl eskai `ywU ev‡Mi nv‡Ui Lvb Rvnvb Avjxi eb¨cÖvYx w`em wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq| we‡k¦i eb¨cÖvYx
gvRv‡i wQj| 2014 mv‡ji w`‡K GB `ywU Kzwgi gviv Ges Dw™¢`Kz‡ji cÖwZ MYm‡PZbZv e„w× KivB GB w`e‡mi
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GQvovI cÙvi Pi I evsjv‡`‡ki †ewki fvM GjvKvq evsjv‡`‡kI Òcw„ _exi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Rb¨ cÖvwYKzj evuPvBÓ G
GKmgq Nwoqvj cvIqv †hZ| †`L‡Z Kwz g‡ii g‡Zv cÖwZcv`¨ wb‡q w`emwU cvwjZ n‡q‡Q|
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cÖvYxi Avevm¯’j aŸs‡mi Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY| GQvovI Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †`‡k wecbœ cÖvYxi Aw¯ÍZ¡ iÿvq cÖvYx
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2013 mv‡ji 3 †_‡K 14 gv‡P© _vBj¨v‡Ûi e¨vsK‡K D‡`¨vMB ïay wecbœ cÖvYx cÖRvwZ‡K c„w_exi Av‡jvq evPu vi
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`vwqZ¡ Avgv‡`i‡KB wb‡Z n‡e|

120 MwewÁY‡vZ‡biicAvVvmkivjv

mvweŸi †nv‡mb gnvwe‡k¦i cÖ_g Av‡jv
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nvRvi 380 †KvwU eQi Av‡Mi weM e¨vs bv‡gi 3000 †Kjwfb G Av‡m| nvB‡Wªv‡Rb I wnwjqvg gy³
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ˆZwi K‡iwb| gnvwek¦ K‡e Av‡jvwKZ n‡qwQj, †mUv wQj AvqwbZ| GUvB wQj gnvwe‡k¦i cÖ_g Av‡jv‡Kv¾¦j
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Avi GKUz cÖmvwiZ n‡j NbZ¡ I ZvcgvÎv Gevi m‡~ h©i gnvRvMwZK gvB‡µvI‡qf cUfw‚ g (Cosmic
g‡Zv bÿ·`i †K‡›`ªi g‡Zv n‡jv| GB ZvcgvÎvq Microwave background)| GZ eo Zi½ ˆ`‡N©¨i
AvqwbZ nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvY‡y Z cwiYZ nIqvi m‡y hvM Av‡jv Avgiv gvby‡liv †`L‡Z cvB bv| †`L‡Z cvi‡j
NUy Ny‡U gnvwek¦ w`b wKsev ivZ Av‡jvwKZ †`LZvg|

weÁv‡bi Avmi 121

cÂg e‡ji c‡_ weÁvbxiv ej n‡j †mUv enbKvix KYvI _vK‡Z n‡e| Avevi ïiæ
gnvwe‡k¦i mewKQzB PvwjZ n‡”Q †gŠwjK PviwU ej Øviv| n‡jv AbymÜvb| cvIqv †Mj m¤úY~ © bZzb GKwU KYv| fi
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wbDwK¬q ej| c`v_©weÁv‡bi cÖ_g cv‡VB GB ej¸‡jvi Avi Mo Avqy 10-14 †m‡KÛ, weÁvbxiv Gi bvg †`b
mv‡_ cwiPq nq Avgv‡`i| KviY gnvwek¦‡K e¨vL¨vi Rb¨ G·-17| bZbz GB KYvi AvPvi-ag© mewKQBz †evmb KYvi
GB ej¸‡jv LyeB ¸iæZ¡cY~ ©| g‡Zv| wKš‘ c`v_©we`¨vi ÷¨vÛvW© g‡W‡j Gi Aw¯ÍZ¡ †bB|
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weÁv‡bi Avmi 125

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Windows
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132 Z_¨ I cÖhyw³

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work group BZ¨vw`|
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Z_¨ I cÖhyw³ 133

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