Spoken-English

सक्षम भारत ममशन

EnglishWale.com
presents

SPOKEN English Guru

English Speaking eBook

YouTube Video Lectures ns[kuk pkgrs gSa rks uhps fn;s fyad ij fDyd dfj, -
www.YouTube.com/c/SpokenEnglishGuru

Fully Revised & Reprint Edition: Year 2018-19

(Designed & Developed by a Team of Englishwale.com Professionals; comprising British
Grammar Experts, Call Center Voice & Accent Trainers, TOEFL/IELTS Trainers)
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ISBN – 9788193074305

1

esjs fiz; fo|kfFkZ;ksa]

eSa vki lHkh dk “Spoken English Guru” YouTube channel dh
bl bafXy‛k Lihfdax dkls Z bZ&cqd esa Lokxr djrk g¡wA

vki lHkh ds fy, cukbZ x;h bl bZ&cqd esa eSaus gj lEHko iz;kl fd;k gS fd
vkidks gj VkWfid vPNs ls le>k ikš] dkWUlsIV ds lkFk&2 izSfDVl ,Dljlkbt+ o VSLV
isilZ ds t+fj,A tc Hkh vki esjk dkbs Z Hkh ohfM;ks ySDpj YouTube ij ns[krs gS]a rks
mlds ckn bl bZ&cqd ls izSfDVl t+:j fd;k dfj,] rkfd ml VkWfid ij vkidh idM+
etcwr gks ik;sA

vkt Hkh dbZ ,sls xk¡o o NkVs s ‚kgj gSa tgk¡ bafXy‛k lh[kus ds fy, vPNs bafLVV~;wV
ugha gSa vkSj fgUnh ehfM;e Ldwyksa esa i<+us okys cPpkas dks rks ekgkSy rd ugha fey ikrkA
eSa ;s le> ldrk g¡w D;kasfd eSaus Hkh ml nkSj dks eglwl fd;k gSA

,d xjhc o fefMy Dykl O;fDr ds thou esa f‛k{kk gh ,dek™k t+fj;k gS viuh
[kqn dh igpku cukus dk vkSj bl la?k’kZ esa bafXy‛k dk egRo dkSu ugha tkurkA ns‛k ds
dbZ ,sls cPpksa dks bafXy‛k fl[kkus esa eSa viuk NkVs k lk ;ksxnku ns ikÅ¡] pkgs
YouTube ds ek/;e ls ;k fQj viuh bl fdrkc ds ek/;e ls] cl ;gh esjk y{; gSA

blh lksp us tUe fn;k & EnglishWale.com vkSj “Spoken English Guru”
YouTube channel ds "सक्षम भारत ममशन" dkAs

vkils cl bruh lh vihy gS fd bl bZ&cqd dks gj xk¡o o ‚kgj rd igq¡pkus esa
esjh enn dfj,A WhatsApp vkSj Facebook ds ek/;e ls ‚k;s j o QkWjoMZ dfj,]
D;k irk vkidk o esjk ,d NkVs k lk iz;kl fdlh ds thou ds fy, egRoiw.kZ lkfcr gksA

vkids lg;kxs ds fy, fny ls /kU;oknA

vkids vkHkkjh]
vkfnR; lj

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2

Course Content (dkslZ dh varoZLrq)

Lesson ¼ikB½ (Page No.)

1) Before we start ¼‚kq#vkr djus ls igy½s 8-17
 Letters of Hindi & English Alphabet ¼fgUnh o vxa zst+h o.kZekyk ds v{[email protected]½
 Greeting ¼vfHkoknu½ 18-28
 Manners ¼f‛k’Vkpkj½
 What is the time? ¼le; fdruk gqvk½ & vaxzst+h eas le; crkuk 29-35
 Numerals & Their Pronunciations ¼la[;k,¡ o muds mPpkj.k½
 Punctuation Marks ¼fojke fpUg½ 36-49
 Seven Days of a Week ¼g¶rs ds lkr fnu½ 50-52
 Twelve Months of a year ¼lky ds ckjg eghu½s 53
54-58
2) Few Basics of English (vxa zsth+ dh dqN ewy ckrsa)
 Sentences & Their Types ( okD; o mlds izdkj½
 Parts of a sentence ¼fdlh okD; ds Hkkx½
 Subjects Types ¼Subjects(drkZ) ds izdkj½
 1st Person, 2nd Person, 3rd Person “Singular-Plural” Concept
 Use of “This, That, These, Those” ¼“This, That, These, Those” dk iz;ksx½
 Difference between Living & Non Living ¼ltho o futhZo ds chp QdZ½
 Use of Apostrophe s ¼ ‟s dk iz;ksx ½
 Let‟s cram a few things ¼vkb, dqN pht+sa jV yas½

3) Pronunciation ¼izuufl,‛ku½ & mPpkj.k
 Pronunciation of vowels ¼Lojksa dk mPpkj.k½
 Sound of „A‟ („A‟ dh /ofu½
 Sound of „E‟ („E‟ dh /ofu½
 Sound of „I‟ („I‟ dh /ofu½
 Sound of „O‟ („O‟ dh /ofu½
 Sound of „U‟ („U‟ dh /ofu½
 Miscellaneous Pronunciation ¼fofo/k mPpkj.k½
 Pronunciation of “l” and “'k” ¼“l” vkSj “'k” dk mPpkj.k½
 Sound of “'k” - Few exceptions (‚k dh /ofu & dqN viokn½
 Sound of “t”, “t”+ and “'k+” (“t”, “t”+ vkSj “'k”+ dh /ofu½
 Words starting with „S‟, not followed by „h‟
(„S‟ ls ‚kq# gksus okys ‚kCn ftuesa „S‟ ds rqjUr ckn „h‟ u vk;s½
 Sound of TH – „da‟ & „tha‟ (TH dk mPpkj.k & „n‟ vkSj „Fk‟)
 „S‟ follows „tion‟ – Sound „shcha‟ („S‟ ds ckn „tion‟ gks & ^‚p^ dh /ofu½
 Pronunciation of „C‟ – „sa‟ & „ka‟) ( „C‟ dk mPpkj.k & ^l^ vkSj ^d^½
 Pronunciation of „G‟ – „ga‟ & „ja‟) ( „G‟ dk mPpkj.k & ^x^ vkSj ^t^½

4) Vocabulary & Pronunciation Exercises & ‚kCnkoyh ,oa mPpkj.k dk vH;kl
5) WH Family (WH ifjokj½
6) Parts of Speech- ‚kCn Hksn
7) Noun ¼laKk½

 Proper Noun ¼O;fDrokpd laKk½

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 Common Noun ¼tkfrokpd laKk½

 Collective Noun ¼lewgokpd laKk½

 Material Noun ¼inkFkZokpd laKk½

 Abstract Noun ¼Hkkookpd laKk½

 Gerund¼tSjUM½ & ¼fØ;kokpd laKk½

 Countable & Uncountable Noun ¼x.kuh; o vx.kuh; laKk½

 The Noun: Gender (fyax)

 The Noun: Number ¼opu½

 The Noun: Always ending with „s‟ ¼ftuds vUr esa „s‟ gks½

8) Pronoun ¼loZuke½ 59-60

 Subjective, Objective, Possessive & Reflexive Pronoun

 Difference between possessive cases e.g. My – Mine, Our – Ours

9) Adjective ¼fo‛k’s k.k½ 61-63

 Three degrees of adjectives - Use of „er‟ / „est‟

 Three degrees of adjectives - Use of more/most

 Three degrees of adjectives - Irregular pattern

10)Verbs ¼fØ;k,¡½ 64-67

 Types of Verbs - Main Verb & Helping Verb/Auxiliary Verb

¼fØ;k ds izdkj & eq[; fØ;k ,oa lgk;d fØ;k½

 Three forms of the verbs ¼fØ;kvksa ds rhu #i½

11)Adverbs ¼fØ;k fo‛k’s k.k½ 68-71
 Three degrees of adverbs ¼fØ;k fo‛ks"k.kksa dh rhu Jfs .k;k¡½
 Few Examples of Adverbs ¼fØ;k fo‛k"s k.kkas ds dqN mnkgj.k½

12)Interjection ¼foLe;kfncks/kd½ 72
13)Articles (A{,}, An{,us }, The{n ;k nh}) 73-77

 When to use „A‟ and when to use „An‟ ¼dgk¡ ij „A‟ vkSj dgk¡ ij „An‟½

 How to pronounce – „the‟ or „thee‟ (“The” dks dgk¡ ij ÞnÞ vkSj dgk¡ ij ÞnhÞ ckys sa½

 When to use „The‟ („The‟ dk iz;ksx dgk¡ ij½

 When not to use „The‟ („The‟ dk iz;kxs dgk¡ ij ugha½

14)Prepositions ¼lEcU/k lwpd vO;; vFkok iwoZlxZ½ 78-92
15)Determiners ¼fMVjfeulZ½ & ¼fu/kkZjd½ 93-95

 Articles (A, An, The)

 Demonstratives (This, That, These, Those)

 Possessives (His, Her, Your, Our, My, Their, Its)

 Quantifiers (Each, Every, Few, Some, Little, Any, All, More, Less etc.)

16)Simple Sentences ¼ljy okD;½ 96-109

 Simple Present

 Category I: „Is/Am/Are‟

 Category II: „Has/Have‟

 Simple Past

 Category I: „Was/Were‟

 Category II: „Had‟

 Simple Future

 Category I: „Will be‟

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 Category II: „Will have‟ 110-117
 Simple Sentences-Practice Exercise 118-123
 Simple Sentences-Test Papers 124-156
17)There ¼nvs j½
 Concept 157-166
167-178
 Concept No 1 179-202
 Concept No 2
 Practice Exercise
 Test Papers
18)Position Sense ¼fLFkfr dk Kku½
 Concept
 Practice Exercise
 Test Papers
19)Tense & ¼dky½
 Concept
 Present Indefinite Tense
 Present Continuous Tense
 Present Perfect Tense
 Present Perfect Continuous Tense
 Past Indefinite Tense
 Past Continuous Tense
 Past Perfect Tense
 Past Perfect Continuous Tense
 Future Indefinite Tense
 Future Continuous Tense
 Future Perfect Tense
 Future Perfect Continuous Tense
 Practice Exercise
 Test Papers
20)It ¼bV½ & ¼;g] ;s½
 Concept
 Concept No 1
 Concept No 2
 Concept No 3
 Concept No 4
 Practice Exercise
 Test Papers
21)Modals ¼ekMs kYl½ & #ikRed fØ;k,¡
 Concept
 Practice Exercise
 Test Papers
22)Conjunctions ¼dutaD‛kUl½ & leqPp; cks/kd vO;;
 Concept
 Practice Exercise

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 Test Papers 203-210

23)Imperative Sentences & ¼vkKklwpd okD;½ 211-218
 Concept
 Practice Exercise 219-226
 Test Papers
227-239
24)Let & ¼djus nsuk½
 Concept 240-249
 Practice Exercise
 Test Papers 250
251-252
25)Causative Verbs (Get & Make) 253-260
 Concept 261-262
 Practice Exercise 263-268
 Test Papers
269-270
26)Active & Passive Voice 271-282
 Concept 283-294
 Passive of „Tenses‟ 295-307
 Passive of „Modals‟
 Passive of „Let‟ 308-319
 Practice Exercise 320-321
 Test Papers 322-331
332-337
27)Special Cases
 Concept
 Practice Exercise
 Test Papers

28)Fillers
29)Question Tags
30)Phrasal Verbs
31)Prepositional Phrases
32)Confusing Similar Words ¼Hkzfer djus okys ,d tSls ‚kCn½

 Exercise – I
 Exercise – II
33)One Word Substitution ¼iwjk okD; flQZ ,d ‚kCn es½a
34)Special & Complex Sentences
35)Extensive Translation Exercise
36)Objective Exercises
 Verbs
 Articles
 Prepositions
37)Sentence Correction Exercises
 Exercise – I
 Exercise – II
38)Mixed Practice Exercises
39)Mixed Test Papers
40)Translation Exercises

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 English to Hindi Translation Exercises
 Hindi to English Translation Exercises

41)Written Conversations 338-364

 Conversation-1 ¼okrkZyki & 1½ & Rakesh at Dr. Bansal‟s Clinic

 Conversation-2 ¼okrkZyki & 2½ & Shopping (Seema is buying a Teddy Bear)

 Conversation-3 ¼okrkZyki & 3½ & Teacher & Student

 Conversation-4 ¼okrkZyki & 4½ & Two friends: Sagar & Kamal

 Conversation-5 ¼okrkZyki & 5½ & Two friends: Ram & Shyam

 Conversation-6 ¼okrkZyki & 6½ & Rohit & Shalini

 Conversation-7 ¼okrkZyki & 7½ & Teacher & Student (Priya)

 Conversation-8 ¼okrkZyki & 8½ & Gyming

 Conversation-9 ¼okrkZyki & 9½ & Living away from Home

 Conversation-10 ¼okrkZyki & 10½ & Mr. Goyal & his servent

 Conversation-11 ¼okrkZyki & 11½ & A Family

 Conversation-12 ¼okrkZyki & 12½ & Brother & Sister

 Conversation-13 ¼okrkZyki & 13½ & Two friends

 Conversation-14 ¼okrkZyki & 14½ & Professor & his student

 Conversation-15 ¼okrkZyki & 15½ & Two passengers

 Conversation-16 ¼okrkZyki & 16½ & Two friends over the phone

 Conversation-17 ¼okrkZyki & 17½ & Banker & Customer

 Conversation-18 ¼okrkZyki & 18½ & Bus conductor & Aman

 Conversation-19 ¼okrkZyki & 19½ & Manager & his employee Pooja

 Conversation-20 ¼okrkZyki & 20½ & Shopping (Ruby is purchasing a suit)

 Conversation-21 ¼okrkZyki & 21½ & A family conversation

 Conversation-22 ¼okrkZyki & 22½ & Aditya (Teacher) & Pavitra (Student)

 Conversation-23 ¼okrkZyki & 23½ & Sagar at Doctor‟s clinic

 Conversation-24 ¼okrkZyki & 24½ & Two friends (Ravi & Saleem)

 Conversation-25 ¼okrkZyki & 25½ & Aditya (Teacher) & Vivek (Student)

 Conversation-26 ¼okrkZyki & 26½ & Abhishek & Ayushi (Chat on a social site)

 Conversation-27 ¼okrkZyki & 27½ & Friends (Boby, Himanshu, Nikhil, Sagar)

 Conversation-28 ¼okrkZyki & 28½ & Husband & Wife

 Conversation-29 ¼okrkZyki & 29½ & Bikrant & his uncle (Pushkar Singh Rana)

 Conversation-30 ¼okrkZyki & 30½ & Families meeting in a party.

42)Few Passages 365-367

43)Idioms & Proverbs 368-371

44)Englishwale Certification - Written/Telephonic/Recording Assessment 372

45)Written Interviews 373-381

46)English – Hindi Dictionary (vaxzst+h&fgUnh “kCndk”s k) 382-400

7

Lesson – 1

Before we start (‚kq#vkr djus ls igys)

vkb,] bl dkslZ ds Concept pSIVlZ dks ‚kq# djus ls igys ge vkidks vaxzst+h Hkk’kk dh dqN NkVs h&2 ckrksa
dh tkudkjh nsAa

Before we start concept chapters, we would like to let you know about a few basics of
English language.

vkils gekjk igyk iz‛u gS fd vxa zts +h esa fdrus Alphabet gksrs gSa \ gesa mEehn gS fd vkiesa ls dbZ dgsxa s 26A ;g lgh
mŸkj ugha gSA lgh mŸkj gS & ,d (one). Alphabet rks dsoy ,d ‚kCn (word) gS ftldk eryc gkrs k gS o.kZekykA
Alphabet ¼o.kZekyk½ rks ,d gh gS] 26 rks v{[email protected] (letters) gksrs gSaA

Our first question to you is “How many alphabets are there in English?” Most of you would answer
“26”. Not really! The correct answer is 1. Why so???? You must wonder!! Alphabet is just a name
given to the group of all the Letters in a language; comprising vowels & consonants.

vaxzsth o.kZekyk esa dqy 26 v{[email protected] gkrs s gSa (There are 26 letters in English Alphabet) –

A B C D E F G H I J K L MN O
, ch lh Mh bZ ,Qs th ,p vkb ts ds ,ys ,se ,su vks

P Q R S T U V WX Y Z
ih D;w vkj ,ls Vh ;w oh MCY;w ,sDl ok; t+SM

vxa zst+h o.kZekyk ds bu 26 o.kksZa dks nks izdkjksa eas ck¡Vk x;k gS & Loj (vowel) o O;atu (consonant)

Vowels (Loj) : There are 5 vowels. ¼5 Loj gkrs s gSa½ & a, e, i, o, u

Consonants (O;atu) : Rest 21 are consonants. ¼ckdh cps 21 O;atu dgykrs gSa½
b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.

fgUnh o.kZekyk eas dqy 46 o.kZ gksrs gSa & M < .k
There are 46 letters in Hindi Alphabet – da dha ana

fgUnh ds Loj o O;atu (Hindi‟s vowels and consonants) y o ‚k
la va/wa sh
Loj (Vowels)

v vk b à m Š, ,s vks vkS va v%
a aa e/i ee u/o oo/u e/ai ai o au/ou ang ah

O;atu (Consonants)

d [k x ?k ³ p N t ÷k ´ V B
ka kh ga gha nga cha chha ja jha yan ta tha

r Fk n Ëk u i Q c Hk e ; j
th/t th/tha da/th dha na pa pha/fa ba bha ma ya ra

‘k l g {k = K
sh sa ha ksh tra gya

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vxa zst+h o.kZekyk ds bu 26 o.kksZa dks nks izdkj ls fy[kk tkrk gS &

Upper Case (Capital Letters) cM+s o.kZ – A, B, C, D, E……… W, X, Y, Z.

Lower Case (Small Letters) NksVs o.kZ – a, b, c, d, e……… w, x, y, z.

vxa zts +h ds Loj vkSj O;ta u ds lkFk lkFk fgUnh ds Loj o O;ta u dh tkudkjh gksuk Hkh csgn t+#jh gSA tc ge vkidks
Articles Chapter i<k+ ;saxs rks fcuk fgUnh ds Loj o O;ta u tkus vki dHkh lgh Article (A, An, The) dk iz;ksx
ugha dj ik;saxsA “The” dks “n” vkSj “nh” nksuksa rjhds ls ckys k tkrk gS ij dgk¡ “n” ckys uk gS vkSj dgk¡ “nh”, ;s Hkh vki
“Article” chapter esa i<s+xs ij fcuk fgUnh ds Loj o O;atu tkus ;s lEHko gh ugha gSA

You must know about vowels & consonants of Hindi Alphabet as well, because when we‟ll teach
you about “Articles” i.e. A, An, The; you would understand how significant it is to know about it.

Ë;ku nhft, (Please pay attention) &

fiNys ist esa geus crk;k fd “Å” dks “oo/u” fy[kasxsA ij vxj vki n[s ksa rks ,d ‚kCn gS “cook”. ;gk¡ ij “oo” gS ij

bldk mPpkj.k “dwd” ugha cfYd “dqd” gSA ;kfu cM+h “Å” ugha cfYd NkVs h “m” dk iz;ksx gqvkA blls ;s irk pyrk gS

fd gj ckj fl[kk;k x;k fu;e gh lgh ugha gkrs k] dbZ viokn (exceptions) Hkh gkrs s gSaA

¼t½+blh rjg vkius n[s kk gksxk fd dgha ij ÞtÞ ds uhps ,d fcUnq yxk;k gkrs k gS tSls vkSj dgha ij ÞtÞ ds

uhps fcUnq ugha gksrkA nksuksa ds mPpkj.k eas cgqr T+;knk QdZ gkrs k gS !

‚kCnksa ds mPpkj.k (Pronunciation) dks vki vkus okys Pronunciation pSIVj esa foLrkj (detail) ls i<u+ s okys gSaA

D;k vki tkurs gSa (Do you know?) &

Letters form a word. v{kjksa ls feydj 'kCn curk gSA
Words form a sentence. 'kCnksa ls feydj okD; curk gSA
Sentences form a paragraph. okD;kas ls feydj iSjkxzkQ curk gSA

mnkgj.k & “Mojib is a good guy. He is my best friend. I love him a lot.”

Åij fn;s x;s iSjkxzkQ esa rhu okD; gSa & There are 3 sentences in above paragraph -
1) Mojib is a good guy. 2) He is my best friend. 3) I love him a lot.

15 ‚kCn vkSj 43 v{kj gSaA There are 15 words and 43 letters.

Mojib Good Is Friend Him
Is Guy My I A
A He Best Love lot

vfHkoknu (Greeting)

vfHkoknu dk rjhdk bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd ftl O;fDr dk vki vfHkoknu djuk pkgrs gSa oks vkils mez e]sa fj‛rs
esa ;k fQj vksgns esa cM+k gS] NkVs k gS ;k fQj gemez ;kfu leku mez dk gSA
Choosing words while Greeting someone depends on the age, relation and position of
the person whom you need to greet at time.

vDlj vius ls cM+s o ftuls vki T+;knk reht+ ls is‛k vkrs gSa tSls eqgYys ds dksbZ vda y vkaVh] vkWfQl esa ckWl ;k dkbs Z
lhfu;j] muds lkFk vkidks le; ds vuqlkj fuEufyf[kr dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg, &

9

lqcg ls ysdj nksigj 12 cts rd& Good Morning (feyus ij)
Bye / Take care / See you / Have a nice day (fonk ysus ij)

nkis gj 12 cts ls yds j ‚kke 5 cts rd& Good Afternoon (feyus ij)
Bye / Take care / See you / Have a nice day (fonk ysus ij)

‚kke 5 cts ls lkus s rd& Good Evening (feyus ij)
Good Night / Take care / Bye / See you (fonk ysus ij)

eku yhft, vki jkr ds 8 cts fdlh ls feys rks feyrs oDr D;k dgsxa s \ ;s er lkfs p, fd vËa ksjk gks x;k gS rks vki
Good night dgsxa sA tSlk crk;k x;k gS fd jkr ds 11 cts Hkh vxj vfHkoknu djuk iM+s rks feyus ij Good
Evening gh dguk gksxk vkSj fonk ysus ij Good Night dguk lcls csgrj fodYi gSA

gk¡] vxj vki vius fdlh nkLs r ;k HkkbZ&cgu ;k fQj dksbZ [kkl ftlds lkFk vki cgqr frank gksa ;k fQj vkils mez esa
;k vkgs ns (position) esa NkVs k dkbs Z] ls feysa rks vki Hi, Hello dk iz;ksx Hkh dj ldrs gSaA

Basically, if you need to be formal with someone whom you greet, you can use Good
Morning / Good Afternoon / Good Evening, however in informal/casual meet, you can
certainly use “Hi”, “Hello” etc.

f‛k’Vkpkj (Manners)

vPNs f‛k’Vkpkj dks fn[kkus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr ckrkas dk csgn Ë;ku j[kas &
To show your good manners, keep in mind –

1- vki fdlh ls dqN ek¡x jgs gksa rks “Please”, “Kindly” tSls ‚kCnksa dk iz;ksx dfj,A
If you are asking someone for something, use “Please”, “Kindly” sort of words.

2- vkidks dqN fn;k x;k ;k vkidh fdlh ckr dks egRo fn;k x;k rks “Thanks” dguk er Hkfw y,A

If your were given something or given importance , always say “Thanks”.
( “Thank you” is more formal than “Thanks”.)

3- vxj dksbZ vkidk /kU;okn djs rks dgsa “Welcome” ;k “Mention not” ;k “My pleasure” ;k “It‟s

ok” vkfnA

If someone thanks you for something, you can say: “Welcome”, “Mention not”, “My
pleasure”, “It‟s ok”, “It‟s alright” etc.

4- tc vki fdlh ls Qksu ij ckr dj jgs gksa vkSj dkbs Z ckr ;k ‚kCn vki lqu ugha ik;s rks dqN bl rjg dfg, &

“I beg your pardon” ;k “I am sorry” ;k “I didn‟t get it” ;k “Excuse me” ;k uezrk ls dg

ldrs gSa “Will you please repeat, I didn‟t get you” vkfnA

While talking over the phone, if you couldn‟t hear something, you can say – “I beg
your pardon” or “I am sorry” or “I didn‟t get it” or “Excuse me” or you may politely
say “Will you please repeat, I didn‟t get you” etc.

5- vki fdlh efgyk ;k fdlh vius ls cM+s dks ;k fdlh cqtqxZ dks jkLrk nrs s oDr dgas & “After you” bldk vFkZ
gS fd vki dguk pkgrs gSa igys vki] fQj eSaA
While giving a way/path to a lady, someone older/elder or elderly person, politely
say “After you”. It simply implies that you respect that person and gives him/her
more importance than yourself.

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6- vxj dksbZ vkils iwNs “How are you?” rks vkerkSj ij vki dgrs gSa “I am fine.” ysfdu lkFk gh lkFk

vkidks ml O;fDr dk gky pky Hkh iwNuk pkfg,A vki dg ldrs gSa & “I am fine. What about you?”
;k “Great. You tell?” ;k “Fine and you?” vkfnA

If someone asks you “How are you?”; it‟s pretty common, you say “I am fine.” But it‟s
better to ask him/her as well about how he/she is. You can rather say - “I am fine.
What about you?” or “Great. You tell?” or “Fine and you?” etc.

7- vxj vki fdlh dh ckr chp esa gh jksddj viuh ckr dguk pkgsa rks dqN bl rjg dfg, & “Sorry to
interrupt you” or “Sorry to intervene” vkSj tc oks O;fDr vki ij /;ku ns rks viuh ckr jf[k,A
If you wish to cut someone short or interrupt, say politely – “Sorry to interrupt you”
or “Sorry to intervene” and then proceed.

tc vki ykxs kas ds lkFk ckr djrs gSa vkSj vPNk O;ogkj fn[kkrs gSa rks vkidks lekt esa bTt+ +r nh tkrh gSA ;s Hkh ;kn jgs
fd dsoy bu ‚kCnkas ;k okD;k‛kksa dk iz;ksx djuk gh dkQh ugha] cfYd tks Hkh cksyas] uezrk vkSj izse ls cksyAsa f‛k’Vkpkj ;gha
ij [kRe ugha gksrk] cfYd tSls&2 oDr ds lkFk vki vxa zsth Hkk’kk dh xgjkbZ dks vkSj csgrj le÷ksaxs] dbZ u;h ckrsa vkids
lkeus vk;saxhA
When you behave civilized & cultured, you are given respect in society. Just a mere use of
such words or phrases is not enough, you need to be polite and humble in your speaking as
well. It doesn‟t end here, rather newer ideas will emerge with time when you delve more
into this foreign language.

le; fdruk gqvk (What is the time?)

vkb, lh[ksa fd vxj dksbZ vkils iwNs fd “fdrus cts gSa \” rks bafXy‛k esa vki dSls crk;saxsA fgUnh esa vki dqN bl rjg
dgrs gSa & “ik¡p cts gSa” ;k “ik¡p ctdj nl feuV” ;k “lkr ctus esa nks feuV” ;k “lok nks” ;k “lk<+s rhu” vkfnA

igys lef÷k, &
2 cts dks dgsaxs & 2 o‟clock ( 2 vks DykWd)

11 cts dks dgasxs & 11 o‟clock ( 11 vks DykWd)

7 cts dks dgsaxs & 7 o‟clock ( 7 vks DykWd)
vc lef÷k, &

“brus ctdj brus feuV” dk QkWeqZyk gS & { feuV + past + ?k.Vk }

vxj vkidks dguk gS “ik¡p ctdj nl feuV” gq, gSaA lkfs p, feuV fdrus gq, gSa & 10 vkSj ?kaVs fdrus gq, gSa & 5 rks
QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs & 10 past 5.

vxj “vkB ctdj chl feuV” gq, gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgasxs & 20 past 8. V~oUs Vh ikLV ,sV
vxj “lkr ctdj iPphl feuV” gq, gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs & 25 past 7. V~osUVh Q+kbo ikLV lsou
vxj “nks ctdj ckbZl feuV” gq, gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgasxs & 22 past 2. V~osUVh Vw ikLV Vw
vxj “ik¡p ctdj N% feuV” gq, gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs & 6 past 5. flDl ikLV Q+kbo

“brus ctus esa brus feuV” dk QkWeZqyk gS & { feuV + to + ?k.Vk }

vxj vkidks dguk gS “ik¡p ctus esa nl feuV” gSaA lksfp, feuV fdrus cps gSa & 10 vkSj dkSu lk ?kVa k gksus ds fy, &

5 rks QkWeZwys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs & 10 to 5.

vxj “vkB ctus esa chl feuV” gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgasxs & 20 to 8. V~osUVh Vq ,V
vxj “nks ctus esa ckjg feuV” gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs & 12 to 2. V~osYo Vq Vw
vxj “X;kjg ctus eas ckjg feuV” gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgasxs & 12 to 11. V~osYo Vq byos u
vxj “rhu ctus es ik¡p feuV” gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs & 5 to 3. Q+kbo Vq Fkzh

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ukVs & 1 ?kVa s esa 60 feuV gksrs gSaA 60 feuV dk vk/kk 30 feuV gksrk gS blfy, 30 feuV dks gkQ (half) dgrs gSa vkSj
30 feuV dk Hkh vk/kk 15 feuV gksrk gS blfy, 15 feuV dks DokVj (quarter) dgrs gSaA lef÷k, &

tSlk fd vkius i<k+
vxj “vkB ctdj iUnzg feuV” ;kfu “lok vkB” gq, gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs

& 15 past 8 ¼fQ+¶Vhu ikLV ,V½
;gk¡ ij 15¼fQ+¶Vhu½ dh txg vki DokVj dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA vkSj dg ldrs gSa

& Quarter past 8 ¼DokVj ikLV ,V½

blh rjg
vxj “vkB ctus esa iUnzg feuV” ;kfu “ikSus vkB” gq, gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs

& 15 to 8. ¼fQ+¶Vhu Vq ,V½
;gk¡ ij 15¼fQ+¶Vhu½ dh txg vki DokVj dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA vkSj dg ldrs gSa

& Quarter to 8 ¼DokVj Vq ,V½

Bhd blh rjg

vxj “vkB ctdj rhl feuV” ;kfu “lk<s+ vkB” gq, gSaA rks QkWeZqys ds vuqlkj vki dgsaxs
& 30 past 8. ¼FkVhZ ikLV ,V½

;gk¡ ij 30¼FkVhZ½ dh txg vki gkQ+ dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA vkSj dg ldrs gSa
& Half past 8 ¼gkQ+ ikLV ,V½

vxj dkWUlSIV dks i<d+ j le÷kus esa t+jk Hkh fnDdr vk jgh gks rks ?kcjkb, ugha] uhps fn;s x;s mnkgj.k le÷kus dk iz;Ru
dj]sa vkWfM;ks ySDpj Hkh lqfu;s] fQ+j Hkh dkbs Z ij‛s kkuh vk;s rks www.englishwale.com ds LVMw SUV gSYiMSLd esa viuk
iz‛u jf[k;s ;k gesa bZesy ds t+fj, lEidZ dfj;sA

vkb, ns[kas dqN mnkgj.k & – 11 o‟clock
11 cts – 5 o‟clock
5 cts – 7 o‟clock
7 cts – 20 past 11
11 ctdj chl feuV – 7 to 1
1 ctus esa lkr feuV – Half past 2 ;k Half to 3
2 ctdj rhl feuV
(D;kasfd 2 ctdj rhl feuV dks 3 ctus esa rhl feuV Hkh rks dg ldrs gSaA)
lok vkB – 15 past 8
10 ctus esa 10 feuV – 10 to 10
ikSus 5 – Quarter to 5
lk<+s 10 – Half past 10
<kbZ cts – Half past 2

jkr ds ckjg cts ds ckn ls nksigj ds ckjg cts ls igys rd ds le; ds lkFk “AM” dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa tcfd
nksigj ds ckjg cts ds ckn ls jkr ds ckjg cts ls igys rd ds le; ds lkFk “PM” dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA

jkr ds 12 cts - 12 AM nksigj ds 12 cts - 12 PM
jkr ds 1 cts - 1 AM nksigj ds 1 cts - 1 PM
lqcg ds 5 cts - 5 AM ‚kke ds 5 cts - 5 PM
lqcg ds 10 cts - 10 AM ‚kke ds 7 cts - 7 PM
lqcg ds 11 cts - 11 AM jkr ds 11 cts - 11 PM
lqcg ds 11 ctdj 59 feuV - 11.59 AM jkr ds 11 ctdj 59 feuV - 11.59 PM

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la[;k,¡ o muds mPpkj.k (Numerals & their Pronunciations)

1 One (ou) ,d 15 Fifteen (fQ+¶Vhu) iUnzg
nks lkys g
2 Two (V)w rhu 16 Sixteen (flDlVhu) l«kg
pkj vBkjg
3 Three (Fkzh) ik¡p 17 Seventeen (lSouVhu) mUuhl
N% chl
4 Four (Q+ksj) lkr 18 Eighteen (,Vhu) rhl
vkB pkyhl
5 Five (Q+kbo) ukS 19 Nineteen (ukbuVhu) ipkl
nl lkB
6 Six (flDl) X;kjg 20 Twenty (V~osUVh) lRrj
ckjg vLlh
7 Seven (lSou) rjs g 30 Thirty (FkVhZ) uCcs
pkSng lkS
8 Eight (,V) 40 Forty (Q+kWVhZ)

9 Nine (ukbu) 50 Fifty (fQ+¶Vh)

10 Ten (VSu) 60 Sixty (flDlVh)

11 Eleven (bySou) 70 Seventy (lSouVh)

12 Twelve (V~oSYo) 80 Eighty (,Vh)

13 Thirteen (FkVhZu) 90 Ninety (ukbuVh)

14 Fourteen (Q+ksVhZu) 100 Hundred (gUMªSM)

1000 Thousand (Fkkmt+SUM) gt+kj

100000 Lac / Lakh (ySd@yS[k ) yk[k
nl yk[k ;k ,d fefy;u (Million)
1000000 Ten Lacs (VSu ySDl)
djkMs +
10000000 Crore (djkjs ) vjc ;k ,d fcfy;u (Billion)

1000000000 Arab (vjc)

vki dkSu lh Dykl esa gSa & Which class you are in –

First 1st Q+LVZ igyh Seventh 7th lSoUFk lkroha
Eight 8th ,V~Fk vkBoha
Second 2nd lsdMa nlw jh Nineth 9th ukbUFk uoha
Tenth 10th VSaFk nloha
Third 3rd FkMZ rhljh Eleventh 11th bySoUFk X;kjgoha
Twelth 12th V~oSYFk ckjgoha
Fourth 4th Q+ksFkZ pkSFkh

Fifth 5th fQ+¶Fk ik¡poh

Sixth 6th flDlFk NBh

;k fQj (or in)

Graduation xzStq,‛ku Lukrd
LukrdksŸkj
Post Graduation ikLs V xzStq,‛ku

fxykl fdruk Hkjk gS & How much is the glass filled –

1/2 Half vk/kk 1/5 One fifth ,d dk ik¡pok Hkkx
2/3 Two third nks frgkbZ
1/3 One third ,d frgkbZ 3/4 Three fourth rhu pkSFkkbZ

1/4 One fourth ,d pkSFkkbZ

fdrus xquk gS & “How fold” or “How many time” -

,d xquk Single flaxy
Mcy ;k V~okbl ;k Vw Q+kYs M
nks xquk ¼nqxquk½ Double / Twice / Two fold Fkzh Vkbe ;k Fkzh Q+ksYM ;k Fkzkbl
Q+ksj Vkbe ;k Q+ksj Q+ksYM
rhu xquk Three times/ Three fold/ Thrice

,d xquk Four times/ Four fold

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fojke fpUg (Punctuation Marks)

fdlh Hkh ckr dks fy[krs oDr fojke fpUg dk cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ jksy gkrs k gSA fojke fpUgksa ds ek/;e ls okD; ds izdkj o
Bgjko (Pauses & Stops) dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA fdlh ds }kjk dgh x;h ckr dks flQZ fy[k nsus ls ;g irk ugha
pyrk fd og ckr fdl vna kt+ esa ckys h x;hA fojke fpUgkas ds ek/;e ls ;g irk py tkrk gS fd og okD; pkSadrs gq,
ckys k x;k ;k fQj dqN iwNk x;k ;k dqN crk;k x;kA vkb,] dqN izk;% iz;ksx fd;s tkus okys fojke fpUgksa dks i<+rs gSa &

1) Question Mark Dos‛pu ekdZ ( ? ) – iz‛uokpd fpUg

;g fpUg iz‛uokpd okD;ksa ds vUr esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA tSsls fd &
This mark is used at the end of Interrogative Sentences. For example -

a) Who are you? gw vkj ;w \ rqe dkSu gks \
b) What is he doing? oV bt+ gh Mwbax \ oks D;k dj jgk gS \
c) Do you love your mom? Mq ;w yo ;kSj ekWe \ D;k vki viuh eEeh ls I;kj djrs gks \

2) Exclamation Mark ,DlDyses‛ku ekdZ ( ! ) – foLe;kfn cks/kd fpUg

;g fpUg ,ls s okD;ksa ds vUr esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ftueas vPkkud mRiUu gqbZ Hkkoukvksa dks O;Dr fd;k tk;sA vpkud gqbZ
fdlh ?kVuk ls eu dh Hkkoukvksa dk O;Dr gksuk tSls [kq‛kh ;k nq[k izdV djuk] gSjku gksuk] ukjkt+xh t+kfgj djuk] ‚kkck‛kh
nus k] nqvk nus k vkfnA uhps fn;s x;s dqN mnkgj.kkas dks ;kn dj yhft, vkSj tc ekSdk feys] iz;ksx dhft,A

Hkxoku vkidks vk‛khZokn ns! God bless you! xkWM CySl ;w!

okg! ] xtc+ ! ] cgqr cf<+;k! Wow! , Wonderful! oko! oUMjQ+qy!

Hkxoku dh n;k ls!] izHkq dh —ik ls! By God‟s grace ! ck; xkWM~l xzsl!

fdrus nq[k dh ckr gS!] fdruk nq[kn! How sad! , How tragic! gko lSM! gko VªSftd!

mldh bruh fgEer! How dare he! gko Msvj gh!

vksg I;kjs! ¼tc fny esa I;kj meM+s½ Oh honey! , Oh dear! vksg guh! ] vksg fM;j!

cgqr cM+h xyrh! Terrible mistake! VSfjcy feLVsd!

vfo‛oluh;!] cgqr gh tcjnLr! Incredible!, Amazing!, Awesome! bUØSfMcy! vefs t+ax! vkWle!

cdokl! Absurd! , Nonsense ! Aweful! ,sCt+MZ! ukulSUl! vkWQ+y!

Hkxoku dk ‚kqØ gS! Thank God! FkSad xkWM!

;s gqbZ u ckr! ¼thr dh [kq‛kh½ Hurry! , That‟s it! gqjsZ! ] nSV~l bV!

ut+j u yxs! Touch wood! , Finger crossed! Vp oqM! ] fQ+Uxj ØkWLM!

t+#j!] D;kas ugha! iDdk! Sure! , Why not!, of course! ‚;ksj! ] ok; ukWV! ] vQ+ dkst+!

‚kkckl! Well done! oSy Mu!

D;k [kcj gS! ¼[kq‛kh ls dguk½ What a news! oV v U;wt+!

lp esa! ¼pkSadrs gq,½ Really! , Is it! fj;yh! ] bt+ bV!

cgqr&2 /kU;okn! Thanks a lot! FkSaDl v ykWV!

c/kkbZ gks! Congratulations! dkWUxzSpqy‛s kUl!

D;k vkbfM;k gS! What an idea! oV ,us vkbfM;k!

3) Full Stop Qq+y LVkWi ( . ) – iw.kZ fojke

Qqy LVkWi dk iz;ksx fdlh Hkh ,ls s okD; ds vUr esa fd;k tkrk gS tks u gh iz‛uokpd gks vkSj u gh foLe;kfn ck/s kd okD;]
cfYd ftl okD; esa ckr i.w kZr% lekIr gksA QqyLVkWi yxkus dk lh/kk lk eryc gS fd okD; [kRe gks x;k gSA tSls &

14

Full stop indicates the end of a sentence; used with sentences which are neither interrogative
nor exclamatory.

eSa vk jgk g¡wA I am coming. vkbZ ,es dfeaxA

jke vPNk yM+dk gSA Ram is a good boy. jke bt+ v xqM ckW;A

Qqy LVkWi dk iz;kxs Abbreviations ¼vczhfo;s‛kUl½ ds lkFk Hkh gksrk gSA vki ;s tkuuk pkgasxs fd Abbreviations D;k

gksrs gSa \ Abbreviations fdlh Hkh ‚kCnksa ds lewg dk laf{kIr #i gkrs s gSaA
Full stops are used with abbreviations too. Abbreviations are basically the short form of a
group of words. Examples are given below:

M.P. - Member of Parliament lkla n
M.L.A.- Member of Legislative Assembly
P.M. - Prime Minister fo/kk;d
B.A. - Bachelor of Arts
e.g. - exempli gratia (a latin word) iz/kkuea«kh

i.e. - id est (a latin word) vkV~Zl esa Lukrd
etc. - etcetera ¼,sVlSVªk½ bldk eryc gksrk gS “for example” ;kfu “mnkgj.k
ds rkSj ij”
bldk eryc gksrk gS “that is” ;kfu “tks gSa”

bR;kfn] vkfn

 eSa dbZ ;¡«k ctk ldrk g¡w mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij fxVkj] flrkj] fi;Suks vkfnA
I can play many instruments e.g. Guitar, Sitar, Piano etc.

 eSa dsoy 3 ;¡«k ctk ldrk g¡w tks gSa fxVkj] flrkj vkSj fi;kukAs
I can play only 3 instruments i.e. Guitar, Sitar and Piano.

4) Comma dkSek ( , ) – vYi fojke

tc vkidks fdlh okD; dks ckys rs gq, chp esa t+jk lk fojke nsuk gks rks dkSek dk iz;kxs fd;k tkrk gSA uhps dqN mnkgj.k
fn;s x;s gSa &
While speaking, when you need to give a short pause in a sentence, “comma” is used. Few
examples are given below:

i) Ram, come here.
jke] ;gk¡ vkvksA

ii) I have many friends such as Aman, Amit, Sandeep etc.
esjs dbZ nkLs r gSa tSls veu] vfer] lanhi vkfnA

iii) He will come on Monday, 20th September.
ok@s og lkes okj] 20 flrEcj dks vk;sxkA

iv) If he comes, I will not come.
vxj oks vk;k rks eSa ugha vkšxkA

v) Ram, my best friend, is his brother.
jke] esjk lcls vPNk nkLs r] mldk HkkbZ gSA

15

5) Quotation mark dkVs s‛ku ekdZ

( “ ) – ‚kq# esa At the beginning
( ” ) – vUr esa At the end

fdlh dh dgh gqbZ ckr dks dkVs ‛s ku ekdZ ds vUnj fy[k ldrs gSaA
Saying of someone can be written inside the quotation marks.

a) Ram said, “I am the best”. jke us dgk] “eSa lcls vPNk g¡w”A

b) Manager says, “Customer is very important”. eSustj dgrs gSa] “dLVej cgqr egRoi.w kZ gksrk gS”A

vxj vki /;ku nas rks dkVs s‛ku ekdZ dks fy[kus dk rjhdk okD; ds ‚kq#vkr o vUr esa vyx&2 gksrk gSA okD; ds ‚kq# esa

( “ ) gS tcfd vUr esa ( ” ) gSA

If you notice, the way you write inverted comma at the beginning of the quoted sentence and
at the end of the quoted sentence; both are different.

6) Colon dkys u (:)

izk;% dksyu dk eryc gS “tSls fd”A dksyu dk iz;ksx vf/kdrj rc fd;k tkrk gS tc vki O;fDr;ks]a phtksa ;k txgksa

vkfn dh lwph ds ckjs esa crkrs gSaA uhps fn;s x;s mnkgj.kkas dks /;ku ls lef÷k,A
Colon is often used when you enumerate a list of persons, things, places etc. Look at the
following examples.

a) I met many people: Binita, Anjali, Kuldeep, Dimpal, and Seema.
eSa dbZ ykxs kas ls feyk tSls fd fcuhrk] vta fy] dqYnhi] fMEiy vkSj lhekA

b) I have many things: book, pen, vegetables, sugar, rice etc.
esjs ikl dbZ phtsa+ gSa tSls fd fdrkc] iSu] lfCt+;k¡] phuh] pkoy bR;kfnA

7) Semicolon lsehdkys u ( ; ) – v/kZ fojke

lsehdksyu dks le÷kus ds fy, uhps fn;s x;s mnkgj.k ij /;ku nsAa
Semicolon‟s basic usage can be understood through following example:

a) Meeting was held on 25th October, 2008, 15th January, 2010 and 23rd March, 2012. (Incorrect)
b) Meeting was held on 25th October, 2008; 15th January, 2010; and 23rd March, 2012. (Correct)

ehfVax 25th vDVcw j 2008] 15th tuojh 2010 vkSj 23rd ekpZ 2012 dks gqbZA

okD; (a) xyr gS tcfd okD; (b) lghA nsf[k, ;s ckr lkQ gS fd ehfVax rhu vyx&2 fnuksa esa gqbZ : 25th vDVcw j 2008]

15th tuojh 2010 vkSj 23rd ekpZ 2012 dkAs ysfdu vxj okD; (a) dks /;ku ls n[s kas rks dkSek ds iz;ksx dh otg ls ,ls k
yxrk gS fd ehfVax rhu vyx&2 fnukas esa ugha cfYd ik¡p vyx&2 fnuksa esa gqbZ : 25th vDVcw j dks] 2008 esa] 15th tuojh

dks] 2010 esa vkSj 23rd ekpZ 2012 dksA blfy, okD; (b) esa 2008 ds ckn dkSek dh ctk; lsehdkys u dk iz;ksx djuk iM+kA

8) Apostrophe vikls VªkWQh (‟)-

vikslVªkWQh dk iz;ksx izk;% nks ekSdksa ij gksrk gS&
Apostrophe is generally used in two situations –

16

i) tc vki dgrs gSa & jke dk] fdrkc dk] cPpksa dk] eEeh dk vkfnA bls bafXy‛k esa (possession) it‛+s ku
dgrs gSaA
jke dk & Ram‟s, fdrkc dk & Book‟s, cPpkas dk& Children‟s, eEeh dk& Mother‟s

ii) nks ‚kCnksa dks ,d cukus ds fy,A bu nks ‚kCnksa esa ls ,d ‚kCn lgk;d fØ;k gksuh pkfg, o nlw jk ‚kCn ;k rks
loZuke gks ;k “not”
To make two words one. One of these words needs to be a helping verb and the other
one either a “pronoun” or “not”

Does not (Mt+ ukWV) – Doesn‟t (Mt+UV) ;k (Mt+u)
Is not (bt+ ukWV) – Isn‟t (bt+UV) ;k (bt+u)
Do not (Mw ukWV) – Don‟t (MkUs V)
Has not (gSt+ ukWV) – Hasn‟t (gSt+UV) ;k (gSt+u)
I have (vkb gSo) – I‟ve (vkbo)
You are (;w vkj) – You‟re (;ksj)

;gk¡ ij “does”, “is”, “do”, “have”, “are”, “has” lgk;d fØ;k,¡ (helping verbs) gSa vkSj “I” o “you” loZuke
(pronoun) gSaA loZuke ds ckjs esa ge vkus okys loZuke pSIVj esa foLrkj ls i<a+sxsA

g¶rs ds lkr fnu (Seven Days of a Week)

lkes okj & Monday eaMs

eaxyokj & Tuesday V~;tw +Ms

cq/kokj & Wednesday oUs t+Ms ¼ osMuslMs o osUt+Ms nksukas rjhdkas ls mPpkj.k fd;k tkrk gSA ½

c`gLifrokj & Thursday Fkt+ZMs

‚kqØokj & Friday ÝkbMs

‚kfuokj & Saturday lSVjMs

jfookj & Sunday laMs

lky ds ckjg eghus (Twelve Months of a year)

tuojh & January tSU;qjh tqykbZ & July tqyk;
Q+jojh vxLr
ekpZ & February Q+Scjjh flrEcj & August vkWxLV
vizSy vDVwcj
ebZ & March ekpZ uoEcj & September lSIVSEcj
twu fnlEcj
& April ,fizy & October vkWDVkscj

& May es & November uoSEcj

& June twu & December fMlSEcj

EnglishWale.com “l{ke Hkkjr fe‛ku”

Dear students,
bl Topic ds lkFk&2 dbZ Advance English Grammar Topics Hkh www.englishwale.com ij tkdj vki
i<+ ldrs gaSA lkFk gh lkFk ;s lHkh VkWfid Video Lectures esa Hkh cover fd, x;s gSa] blds fy, vki “Spoken
English Guru” YouTube Channel esa tkdj “Playlist” eas tkb, vkSj Lesson-wise Videos nfs [k,A

eaSus vkids fy, ,d Android App Hkh cuk;k gSA Play Store esa Search dfj, “Spoken English Guru”.
fny ls egs ur dfj,xk D;ksfa d egs ur djus okyksa dh dHkh gkj ugha gksrhA esjh ‚kHq kdkeuk,a ge‛s kk vkids lkFk jgxsa hA –

Aditya Sir

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Lesson – 2
Few Basics of English (vaxzst+h dh dqN ewy ckrsa)

vkb,] vaxzst+h ds Basics dh FkksM+k vkSj tkudkjh yAsa bl pSIVj ds vUr esa fn;s x;s NksVs&2 ‚kCnkas ds lewgkas
dks Hkh vPNh rjg ;kn dj yhft,A vkidks budk egRo vkus okys pSIVlZ dks le÷krs oDr eglwl gksxkA

Sentences ¼okD;½

gj Hkk’kk esa dqN Hkh dgus ;k fy[kus ds fy, ‚kCnksa ds lewgkas dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ‚kCnkas dk og lewg ftlesa fdlh ckr dk
Hkko iw.kZr% Li’V gks] mls okD; dgrs gSaA nlw js ‚kCnksa esa ge dg ldrs gSa fd okD; os gSa ftuls lquus okys dks iw.kZ lans‛k dk
irk py ik;sA
In every language, there is a need of group of words to communicate. Such group of words that
communicate a complete message is called a sentence.

eku yhft, vkius eq÷kls iwNk “D;k vkWfQl tkvksxs\”, eSaus mÙkj fn;k “ugha”. vki le÷k x;s fd eSa vkWfQl ugha tkÅ¡xkA
vkidk iz‛u “D;k vkWfQl tkvksxs\” Hkh ,d okD; gS vkSj esjk mÙkj “ugha” Hkh ,d okD; gSA ;s ckr vyx gS fd esjk okD;
flQZ ,d ‚kCn ls cuk gS] dbZ ‚kCnksa ls ughaA egRoiw.kZ ;g ugha fd okD; esa ‚kCn fdrus gSa] egRoiw.kZ ;g gS fd dgs x;s
okD; }kjk fn;k x;k lans‛k i;kZIr gS ;k ughAa vxj vki /;ku ls lkps sa rks esjs dgus dk rkRi;Z Li’V Fkk fd “eSa vkWfQl
ugha tkÅ¡xk” ] blfy, esjk okD; iw.kZ o i;kZIr gSA

Sentence Types:

Classification 1

okD;kas dks muds Hkko o vFkZ ds vk/kkj ij fuEufyf[kr 4 oxkZsa esa oxhZd`r fd;k tkrk gS &
On the basis of their sense & meaning, sentences are classified in following 4 categories –

1. Assertive or Declarative Sentences (LohdkjkRed ;k dFkkRed okD;):

,ls s okD;kas esa dqN crk;k tkrk gS ;k fdlh ckr dk o.kZu gkrs k gSA dksbZ Hkh ckr pkgs oks ,d rF; gks ;k ,d lkspA
Such sentences state a fact, opinion or idea.

mnkgj.k (Example): ¼v;k¡‛k esjk csVk gSA½
1. Ayansh is my son. ¼veu ?kj ij ugha gSA½
2. Aman is not at home. ¼vjuoh Ldwy ugha tkrh gSA½
3. Arnavi doesn‟t go to school. ¼eEeh th eq÷ks Mk¡Vrh gaSA½
4. Mom scolds me.

Åij fn;s x;s lHkh okD;ksa esa dqN crk;k x;k gS vFkkZr~ fdlh ckr dk o.kZu gSA vke ckys pky esa lcls vf/kd tks okD;
iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSa os blh oxZ ds gksrs gSaA

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2. Interrogative Sentences (iz‛uokpd okD;):

,ls s okD; ftuesa dksbZ iz‛u iwNk tkrk gSA ¼D;k veu ?kj ij ugha gS\½
¼D;k rqe [kys rs gks\½
Sentences, where a question is asked.
mnkgj.k (Example):
1. Is Aman not at home?
2. Do you play?

Åij fn;s x;s okD;kas esa iz‛u iwNs x;s gSaA bl rjg ds okD; ge vDlj lqurs gSaA

3. Imperative Sentences (vkKklwpd okD;):

,ls s okD; tks vkKk] vkns‛k ;k izkFkZuk O;Dr djsAa
Sentences, which are used to permit, command or request are known as imperative sentences.

mnkgj.k (Example):
1. Sit there. ¼ogk¡ cSBkAs ½
2. Let me go. ¼eq÷ks tkus nkAs ½

Åij fn;s x;s igys okD; esa vkn‛s k fn;k x;k gS tcfd nlw js okD; esa izkFkZuk vFkkZr fuosnu fd;k x;k gSA bl rjg ds
okD; ge vkxs vkus okys “Imperative Sentences” pSIVj esa i<+asxsA

4. Exclamatory Sentences (foLe;kfnck/s kd okD;):

,ls s okD; ftuesa vpkud mRiUu gqbZ Hkkoukvkas tSls nq[k] [kq‛kh] gSjkuh] Mj vkfn dh vfHkO;fDr gkAs

Sentences, which are used to express sudden emotions such as joy, grief, shock, fear etc.

mnkgj.k (Example): ¼xtc! ;k cgqr cf<+;k!½
1. Wow! ¼Hkxoku dk ‚kqØ gS!½
2. Thank God!

Åij fn;s x;s okD;ksa esa eu esa vpkud mRiUu gqbZ Hkkoukvksa dh vfHkO;fDr gSA bl rjg ds okD; ge fiNys pSIVj esa i<+
pqds gSa vkSj vkxs vkus okys “Interjection” pSIVj eas Hkh i<s+axsA

Classification 2

nlw js oxhZdj.k ds vuqlkj okD; fuEufyf[kr pkj izdkj ds gksrs gSa &

Sentence ds izdkj mnkgj.k 1
(Sentence Type) Example-1
Affirmative¼ldkjkRed½
jke ,d vPNk yM+dk gSA
,ls s okD; ftuesa u “ugha” dk iz;ksx gks] u gh dksbZ iz‛u iwNk x;k gkAs Ram is a good boy.
Negative¼udkjkRed½
jke ,d vPNk yM+dk ugha gSA
,ls s okD; ftuesa “ugh”a dk iz;ksx rks gks ij dkbs Z iz‛u u iwNk x;k gkAs Ram is not a good boy.
Interrogative ¼iz‛uokpd½
D;k jke ,d vPNk yM+dk gS\
,ls s okD; ftuesa “ugha” dk iz;ksx u gks ij iz‛u iwNk x;k gkAs Is Ram a good boy?
Negative Interrogative¼udkjkRed iz‛uokpd½
D;k jke ,d vPNk yM+dk ugha gS\
,ls s okD; ftuesa “ugh”a dk iz;ksx Hkh gks vkSj iz‛u Hkh iwNk x;k gksA Is Ram not a good boy?

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okD; ds rhu Hkkx (Three parts of a sentence)

1. Subject ¼lctSDV½ & drkZ

Subject oks gkrs k gS ftlds ckjs esa okD; esa ;k rks ckr gks jgh gks ;k fQj oks tks fdlh fØ;k ;kfu dke dks dj
jgk gkAs nlw js ‚kCnkas esa] Subject fdlh Hkh okD; dk izeq[k dsUæ gksrk gSA
Subject is the one whom/which we talk about or the one who performs an action.

2. Verb ¼fØ;k½ & deZ] dke ;k dk;Z

fØ;k oks gS ftlds ek/;e ls Subject ds dk;Z ;k voLFkk ¼fLFkfr½ dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA
Verb is the one, which describes the action or the state of the subject.

vkb, le÷ksa (Let‟s understand) &

ekuk eSa dg¡w “v;k¡‛k lks jgk gSA” bl okD; esa gS Subject gS & v;k¡‛k vkSj Verb gS & lkus kA bl okD; esa
Subject ds }kjk fd;s tk jgs dk;Z dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA ;gk¡ ij Subject lksus dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA

blh rjg] eku yhft, eSa dg¡w “v;k¡‛k 8 eghus dk gSA” Subject gS & v;k¡‛kA ;gk¡ ij v;k¡‛k dkbs Z dk;Z ugha
dj jgk cfYd mlds ckjs esa rks flQZ crk;k x;k gS fd og 8 eghus dk gSA bl okD; esa Subject ds dk;Z dh ugha cfYd
voLFkk@fLFkfr dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA voLFkk dk lh/kk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd Subject fdl le; esa & orZeku esa] chrs gq,
dy esa ;k fQj vkus okys dy esa fdl voLFkk@fLFkfr esa gSA

xkSj dfj, &

Ayansh is sleeping. ¼v;k¡‛k lks jgk gSA½
¼v;k¡‛k lksus dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA bl okD; esa Subject ds }kjk fd;s tk jgs dk;Z dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA½

Ayansh is 8 months old. ¼v;k¡‛k 8 eghus dk gSA½
¼bl okD; esa Subject ds dk;Z dh ugha cfYd orZeku voLFkk dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA½

Ayansh was 8 months old. ¼v;k¡‛k 8 eghus dk FkkA½
¼bl okD; esa Subject ds dk;Z dh ugha cfYd chrs gqbZ le; dh ,d voLFkk dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA½

Ayansh will be 8 months old. ¼v;k¡‛k 8 eghus dk gksxkA½
¼bl okD; esa Subject ds dk;Z dh ugha cfYd vkus okys le; dh ,d voLFkk dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA½

ftu okD;kas esa Subject fdlh dk;Z dks dj jgk gks ,sls okD; “Tenses(dky)” esa vkrs gSa vkSj ftu okD;kas esa Subject
dkbs Z dk;Z u dj jgk gS] dsoy Subject dh voLFkk@fLFkfr ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gks] ,ls s okD; “Simple
Sentences(ljy okD;)” esa vkrs gSaA nkus kas rjg ds okD;ksa dks vki vkxs vkus okys pSIVlZ esa foLrkj ls i<xs+a sA

fØ;k,¡ nks izdkj dh gksrh gSa (Verbs are of two types):

a½ eq[; fØ;k (Main Verb)

;g fØ;k subject ds dk;Z dh tkudkjh nsrh gSA eq[; fØ;k dk lh/kk lk eryc gS dkbs Z Hkh dke tSls ukpuk]
xkuk] lkspuk] i<+uk] fy[kuk] n[s kuk] fgyuk] ;kn djuk] ihVuk vkfnA
Main verb describes the action of the subject such as to dance, to sing, to think, to read, to
write, to see, to move, to miss, to beat etc.

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t+#jh ugha fd dke ogh gks tks gkFk iSjksa ls fd;k tk jgk gks ;kfu physical gksA vxj vki dqN lkps jgs gSa rks
Hkh fnekx dke dj jgk gS ;kfu Mental work rks gks gh jgk gS blfy, lkspuk Hkh ,d dk;Z gh gSA
Action doesn‟t only mean the physical work. When you think, your brain works, so „to think‟
is also an action ; hence it is a verb.

b½ lgk;d fØ;k (Helping Verb/Auxiliary Verb)
;g fØ;k subject dh voLFkk ds ckjs esa crkrh gSA Subject ds vuqlkj o le;dky ¼orZeku] Hkwr o Hkfo’;½ ds
vuqlkj budk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA budk iz;ksx vki vkxs vkus okys pSIVlZ esa foLrkj ls le÷ksaxsA
Examples:
is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, do, does, did, will etc.

3. Object ¼vkWctSDV½ & dkjd

dkjd og gksrk gS ftl ij drkZ ds dk;Z ;k voLFkk dk izHkko iMr+ k gSA
Object is the one, which gets affected by the action or the state of the subject.

uhps nh x;h rkfydk esa dqN mnkgj.k fn;s x;s gSa (A few examples are appended in the table) &

Sentence ¼okD;½ Subject Object Main Verb

jke esjk nkLs r gSA jke esjk nkLs r ¼eq[; fØ;k½
oks ikxy ugha gSA oks Ikkxy
ge lc eEeh ds lkFk FkAs ge lc eEeh &
jkgqy ;gk¡ ugha gSA jkgqy ;gk¡ &
ikik [ksyrs gSaA ikik & &
ikik ikdZ esa [ksyrs gSaA ikik ikdZ &
jke & [kys uk
jke vk;sxkA [kys uk
eSa Rkqe vkuk
eSa rqEgas ;kn djrk g¡wA
jkgqy iSls ;kn djuk
jkgqy ds ikl iSls ugha gSaA jf'e pkj cgusa
jf'e dh pkj cguas FkhA jke &
jke ikdZ esa FkkA rqe ikdZ &
rqe esjs fny esa jgrs gksA oks esjk fny
oks Ldwy ugha tkrk FkkA cPps jguk
cPps D;k n[s krs gSa\ Ldwy tkuk
& n[s kuk

Subjects nks rjg ds gksrs gSa (Subjects are of two types) –

Singular - flUxqyj ¼,dopu½ tc Subject ,d O;fDr] ,d oLrq ;k ,d LFkku dk cks/k djk;sA
When the subject refers to one person/place/thing.

Plural – IY;wjy ¼cgqopu½ tc Subject ,d ls T+;knk O;fDr] oLrq ;k LFkku dk ck/s k djk;sA
When the subject refers to more than one person/place/thing.

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Singular ¼,dopu ½ Plural ¼cgqopu ½

Ram ¼,d yM+dk gS½ Ram & Shyam ¼,d ls T+;knk ;kfu nks yMd+ s gS½
Shyam ¼,d yM+dk gS½ People¼yksx½
Sky ¼vkleku ,d gS½ Crowd¼HkhM+½
This- ;g] ;s ¼,d ds fy,½
That- og] oks ¼,d ds fy,½ These- ;g] ;s ¼,d ls T+;knk ds fy,½
It- ;g] ;s ¼,d ds fy,½ Those og] ok]s os ¼,d ls T+;knk ds fy,½
Pen ¼,d iSu dh ckr gks jgh gSA½ Pens ¼,d ls T+;knk iSukas dh ckr gks jgh gSA½

Personal Pronoun Subjects: Singular & Plural

First Person, Second Person & Third Person

Person Singular Plural

First Person I ¼eSa½ We ¼ge½
The person or people speaking
Thou¼rqe ;k vki {,d O;fDr}½ You¼rqe ;k vki
Second Person
The person or people being spoken to (Obsolete now & replaced with {,d ls T;+ knk
„You‟ in present English)
Third Person O;fDr}½
The person or people being spoken about He ¼og {,d yM+ds ds fy, }½
She ¼og {,d yM+dh ds fy, }½ They - os ¼,d
ls T;+ knk yksxkas ds

fy, ½

ekuk eSa vkils jke ds ckjs esa ckr djk g¡w] rks ;gk¡ ij eSa¼I½ First Person g¡w , vki ¼You½ Second Person gks vkSj
jke¼Ram½ Third Person gSA

/;ku nhft,] vki ¼You½ pkgs ,d O;fDr gksa ;k ,d ls vf/kd] vaxzst+h Hkk’kk esa You dks cgqopu dh rjg gh iz;kxs fd;k
tkrk gS o You ds lkFk ogh lgk;d fØ;k,¡ iz;ksx dh tkrh gSa ftUgsa cgqopu subject ds lkFk iz;ksx djrs gSa tSls are,
have, do etc.
“You” is always treated as a plural subject & its singular form is obsolete now. That‟s why, “You”
is always followed by the helping verbs, which are used with Plural subjects.

“This, That, These, Those” dk iz;kxs (Use of “This, That, These, Those”)

vkb, le>sa fd This, That, These & Those dk iz;ksx dSls djuk gSA
Let‟s understand how to use This, That, These & Those.

Singular ¼,dopu½ Plural ¼cgqopu½

Near ¼ikl½ This ¼;s] ;g½ These ¼;s] ;g½
Far ¼nwj½
That ¼og] ok]s o½s Those ¼og] ok]s o½s

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vxj dksbZ O;fDr] oLrq ;k LFkku gekjs lkeus gS] rks Åij nh x;h Vcs y ds vuqlkj ge ;k rks „this‟ dk iz;ksx djsaxs ;k
fQj „these‟ dkA vxj ,dopu gS rks „this‟ vkSj vxj cgqopu gS rks „these‟ A blh rjg vxj dkbs Z O;fDr] oLrq ;k
LFkku gels njw gS] rks Vscy ds vuqlkj ge ;k rks „that‟ dk iz;ksx djasxs ;k fQj „those‟ dkA vxj ,dopu gS rks
„that‟ vkSj vxj cgqopu gS rks „those‟ A

If a person, place or thing is nearby, as per the table we must use either „this‟ or „these‟. If it is
singular then „this‟ and if plural then „these‟. Similarly if a person, place or thing is afar, we must
use either „that‟ or „those‟. If it is singular then „that‟ and if plural then „those‟.

bls vkSj csgrj le÷kus ds fy, uhps nh x;h rkfydk dks le÷kasA
This concept can be better understood with the help of the table below:

;g@;s fdrkc This book fdrkc ikl gS vkSj ,dopu gS blfy, „this‟ dk iz;ksx fd;kA vxj fdrkc
njw gksrh rks eSa Þ;g@;s fdrkcÞ ugha cfYd Þok@s og fdrkcÞ dgrkA
og@oks fdrkc That book Book is near and singular, hence used „this‟.
;s@;g fdrkcas fdrkc njw gS vkSj ,d gS blfy, „that‟ dk iz;ksx fd;kA
Okk@s og@os These books Book is afar and singular, hence used „that‟.
fdrkcsa
os cPps Those books fdrkcsa ikl gaS vkSj ,d ls T+;knk gSa blfy, „these‟ dk iz;ksx fd;kA
Books are near and plural; hence used „these‟.
;s eNfy;k¡ Those/They fdrkcsa nwj gSa vkSj ,d ls T+;knk gSa blfy, „those‟ dk iz;ksx fd;kA
;s lc yM+ds children Books are afar and plural, hence used „those‟.
oks nksuksa yM+ds
These fishes cPps njw gaS vkSj ,d ls T+;knk gSa blfy, „those‟ dk iz;kxs fd;kA p¡wfd cPps
These all ltho gSa blfy, „they‟ dk iz;ksx Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
boys Children are afar and plural, hence used „those‟. Since
Those/They Children are living being so we can also use „they‟.
both boys eNfy;k¡ ikl gaS vkSj ,d ls T+;knk gSa blfy, „these‟ dk iz;ksx fd;kA
Fishes are near and plural, hence used „these‟.
yM+ds ikl gaS vkSj ,d ls T+;knk gSa blfy, „these‟ dk iz;ksx fd;kA
Boys are near and plural, hence used „these‟.
yM+ds nwj gSa vkSj ,d ls T+;knk gSa blfy, „those‟ dk iz;ksx fd;kA p¡wfd
yM+ds ltho gSa blfy, „they‟ dk iz;ksx Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
Boys are afar and plural, hence used „these‟. Since boys
are living being so we can also use „they‟.

ltho o futhZo dk QdZ (Difference between Living & Non-Living)

 ltho mls dgrs gSa ftlesa tku gksrh gS ;kfu tks lk¡l ysrk gSA
Living is the one that breathes.

 futhZo mls dgrs gSa ftlesa tku ugha gkrs h ;kfu tks lk¡l ugha yrs k gSA
Non-living is the one that doesn‟t breath.

ltho ds mnkgj.k & bUlku] tkuoj] isM+ ikS/ks vkfnA
futhZo ds mnkgj.k & dkbs Z pht@oLrq vkfnA

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rkTtqc gksrk gS fd iMs + ikS/ks ltho dSls gSa ! ij lR; ;gh gS fd os ltho gSa D;ksfa d oks Hkh bUlku dh rjg lk¡l ysrs gSA
QdZ flQZ bruk gS fd bUlku lk¡l ysrs oDr vkWDlhtu vUnj ysrk gSa vkSj dkcZu MkbZ vkWDlkbM ckgj fudkyrk gSa tcfd
iMs + ikS/ks dkcZu MkbZ vkWDlkbM vUnj ysrs gSa vkSj vkWDlhtu ckgj fudkyrs gSaA

lHkh ltho uhps fn;s x;s lkrksa dk;Z djrs gSa] tcfd futhZo ughAa
1. Feeding
2. Breathing
3. Excretion(Removal of waste)
4. Growth
5. Reproduction

‟s dk iz;ksx (Use of Apostrophe S)

jke dk iSu Ram‟s pen / Pen of Ram

egRoiw.kZ ckr & tSlk fd Åij fy[kk x;k gS] pkgs Ram‟s pen dgas ;k fQj Pen of Ram] ckr ,d gh gS ij
egRoiw.kZ QdZ ;g gS fd igys rjhds ls fy[kus esa jke dks T+;knk egRo fn;k x;k gS iSu dks ugha tcfd nlw js rjhds esa iSu
dks T+;knk egRo fn;k x;k gS jke dks ughaA

lhrk dk HkkbZ Seeta‟s brother / Brother of Seeta
jkgqy dh eEeh Rahul‟s mother / Mother of Rahul
yM+dh dk HkkbZ Girl‟s brother / Brother of the girl
yM+fd;kas ds HkkbZ Girls‟ brothers / Brothers of the girls
esjs ikik ds nksLr dh cVs h
esjs HkkbZ dk iSu My father‟s friend‟s daughter / The daughter of my father‟s friend
esjs HkkbZ;ksa ds iSu My brother‟s pen / The pen of my brother
esjs fny dh ckr My brothers‟ pen / The pens of my brothers
rqEgkjs eksckbZy dh vkokt+ My heart‟s feelings / The feeling of my heart
‚kjs dh ngkM+ Your mobile‟s sound / The sound of your mobile
xhrk dh vkokt+ Lion‟s roar / Roar of the lion
Geeta‟s voice / Voice of Geeta

/;ku nhft,] vxj eSa dg¡w ÞyM+dh dk HkkbZÞA yM+dh ,d gh gS blfy, ÞyM+dh dkÞ ds fy, ge girl‟s dgasxsA ij vxj eSa
dg¡w ÞyM+fd;kas dk HkkbZÞA yM+fd;k¡ ,d ls T+;knk gS blfy, ÞyM+fd;ksa dkÞ ds fy, ge girls‟s ugha dgsaxs cfYd flQZ
girls‟ dgsaxsA gksrk ;s gS fd vxj dkbs Z cgqopu ‚kCn ftlds vUr esa s gks vkSj ml ‚kCn ds lkFk ‟s yxkuk gks rks
apostrophe( ‟ ) ds ckn okyk s ugha yxk;k tkrkA

If I say „girl‟s brother‟, it is clear that there is only one girl but if there are more than
one girl, then I can‟t say „girls‟s brother‟, rather I would say „girls‟ brother‟. Whenever
we need to use ‟s after a plural word ending with s, as per the rule we must not use „s‟
after apostrophe.

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vkb, dqN phta+s jV ysa (Let‟s cram a few things)

uhps fn;s x;s NksV&s 2 ‚kCn lewgkas dks ;kn dj yus s ls vkidks dkQh enn feyxh vkus okys pSIVlZ eAsa

Words or group of words given below will help you in coming chapters so you are
requested to learn them.

Both ¼nkus ks½a We both / Both of us oh cksFk @ cksFk vkWQ+ vl
ge nksuksa You both / Both of you ;w cksFk @ ckFs k vkWQ+ ;w
rqe nkus kas They both / Both of them ns cksFk @ cksFk vkWQ+ nSe
o@s oks nkus kas

All ¼lc ;k lHkh½ We all / All of us
ge lHkh You all/ All of you
rqe lHkh These all ¼ltho@futhZo ds fy,½ (For living & non living)
;s lHkh Those all ¼ ltho@futhZo ds fy,½ (For living & non living)
oks lHkh Those/They all ¼ltho ds fy,½ (For living being)
o@s oks lHkh These all books / All of these books
;s lHkh fdrkcsa Those all pens / All of those pens
oks lHkh iSu Those / They all people
oks lHkh yksx

ftruk gks lds] ;kn dj yhft,A buls vkidks dkQh enn feysxhA ;s lHkh okD;ksa esa vDlj iz;ksx esa vkrs gSaA
Learn the following. It will help you significantly while making sentences.

ge rhukas We three / Three of us oh Fkzh@Fkzh vkWQ+ vl
ge pkjksa We four / Four of us oh Q+kjs @Q+ksj vkWQ+ vl
oks ik¡pkas They five/Those five ns Q+kbo@nkts + Q+kbo
rqEgkjh vkokt+ Your voice ;kSj okWbl
jke dh vkokt+ Ram‟s voice jkEl okWbl
rqEgkjs eksckby dh vkokt+ Your mobile‟s Sound ;kSj eksckbZYl lkmUM
rqEgkjs dEI;wVj dh vkokt+ Your computer‟s sound ;kSj dEI;wVlZ lkmUM
,ls k rksgQk Such a gift lp v fx¶V
,ls s rksgQs Such gifts lp fx¶V~l
,ls h dgkuh Such a story lp v LVkjs h
,ls h dgkfu;k¡ Such stories lp LVksjht+
,ls k fnu Such a day lp v Ms
,ls s fnu Such days lp Mst+
,ls s yksx Such people lp ihiy
rqEgkjh ckras Your words ;kSj oM~Zl
esjh ;knsa My memories ek; eSejht+
rqEgkjk xqLlk Your anger ;kSj ,sUxj
vkidk cM+Iiu Your kindness ;kSj dkbUMusl
esjh et+hZ My will ek; foy
esjh bPNk My desire ek; fMt+k;j
ml yM+ds ds iSls That boy‟s money nSV ckW;t+ euh
bu cPpkas ds fy, For these children/kids Q+kj nht+ fpYMªu@fdM~l
esjs [okc My dreams ek; MªhEl

25

mldh ckrsa His/Her words fgt+@gj oM~Zl
ge nksuksa dh fdrkcsa
dejs dh f[kMf+ d;k¡ Books of we both cqDl vkWQ+ oh cksFk
eNfy;ksa dk [kkuk
gj iy dh [kcj Room‟s windows dejs dh f[kMf+ d;k¡
fdlh dk nksLr
fdlh ds lkFk Fishes‟ food fQ+‛kt+ QwM
fdlh vkSj ds lkFk
fdlh dk HkkbZ Every moment‟s news ,ojh ekWeSUV~l U;wt+
dqN@FkkMs +k ikuh
esjs ekcs kby dh dher Someone‟s friend leoUl ÝSUM
fdlh vkSj dh dgkuh
fdlh vkSj dk ?kj With someone fon leou
dksbZ vkSj
dksbZ vkSj ugha With someone else fon leou ,Ys l
fQj dHkh
vkSj fdlh fnu Someone‟s brother leoUl cznj
,ls k gh dqN
,ls k dqN ugha Some water le okWVj
Qkyrw eas
Tkkucw>dj My mobile‟s cost ek; ekcs kbYl dkWLV
vuTkkus esa
fny yxkdj Someone else‟s story leou ,sYlt+ LVksjh
fdlh vkSj ds lkFk
fny dk nnZ Someone else‟s house leou ,sYlt+ gkÅl
ek¡ dk fny
cPPkksa dh lksp Someone else leou ,sYl
esjk HkkbZ
esjs HkkbZ No one else uksou ,sYlt
mlds HkkbZ ¼fdlh yM+ds ds½
mlds HkkbZ ¼fdlh yM+dh ds½ Some other time le vnj VkbZe
rqEgkjk crkZo
rqEgkjk jkLrk Some other day le vnj Ms
rqEgkjs tSlk
fcYdqy rqEgkjs tSlk Something like this lefFkax ykbd fnl
mldh dgkuh
mlds fcuk Nothing as such ufFkax ,ts + lp
rqEgkjs fcuk
rqEgkjs fy, Unnecessarily vuuSlslSfjyh
flQZ rqEgkjs fy,
ml yM+ds ds lkFk Knowingly uksbaxyh
esjs fy,
rqEgkjs ckjs esa Unknowingly vuuksbaxyh
fdlh ds ihNs
nhokj ds ihNs Whole heartedly ÝkWe n dksj vkWQ+ ek; gkVZ@gksy gkVZsMyh
unh ds fdukjs
unh ds ml ikj With someone else fon leou ,Ys l

The pain of heart n ius vkWQ+ gkVZ

Mother‟s heart enlZ gkVZ

Thinking of children fFkafdax vkWQ+ fpYMªu

My brother / Brother of mine ek; cznj@cznj vkWQ+ ekbu

My brothers/ Brothers of mineek; cznlZ@cznlZ vkWQ+ ekbu

His brothers / Brothers of his fgt+ cznlZ@cznlZ vkWQ+ fgt+

Her brothers / Brothers of hersgj cznlZ@cznlZ vkWQ+ glZ

Your behaviour ;kSj fcgsfo;j

Your way ;kSj os

Like you ykbd ;w

Just like you tLV ykbd ;w

His story fgt+ LVkjs h

Without him fonkmV fge

Without you fonkmV ;w

For you Q+kWj ;w

Only for you vksUyh Q+kWj ;w

With that boy fon nSV ckW;

For me Q+kj eh

About you vckmV ;w

Behind Someone fcgkUM leou

Behind the wall fcgkUM n okWy

At the bank of river ,Vs n cSad vkWQ+ fjoj

Across the river vØkWl n fjoj

26

lM+d ds ml ikj Across the road vØkWl n jkMs

iMs + ds ihNs Behind the tree fcgkUM n Vªh

gekjh rjQ Towards us VqoM~Zl vl

rqEgkjs ?kj dh rjQ Towards your home VqoM~Zl ;kSj gkse

esjs vkxs Ahead of me vgsM vkWQ+ eh

lc ykxs kas ds vkxs Ahead of all the people vgsM vkWQ+ vkWy n ihiy

esjs lkeus In front of me bu ÝUV vkWQ+ eh

jfo ds cxy esa Next to Ravi / Adjacent Ravi / Beside Ravi / By Ravi

uSDLV Vq jfo @,tlSUV jfo@fclkbM jfo@ck; jfo

dqN ykxs ksa ds ckjs esa About few people vckmV ¶;w ihiy

esjh gFksyh ij On my palm vkWu ek; ike

Vcs y ds uhps Under the table vUMj n Vscy

esjs ikik ds ckjs eas About my dad vckmV ek; MSM

lcls vkxs Ahead of all vgsM vkWQ+ vkWy

fiadh ds lkeus In front of Pinki/Before Pinki bu ÝUV vkWQ+ fiadh@fcQkjs fiadh

phrs ds cxy esa Next to tiger uSDLV Vw Vkbxj

esjs ckjs esa About me vckmV eh

ml Vcs y ij On that table vkWu n Vscy

fnYyh dh rjQ Towards Delhi VqoM~Zl MSgyh

lcls ihNs Behind all fcgkUM vkWy

rqEgkjs I;kj ds fy, For your love Q+kj ;kSj yo

esjs flj ds Åij On my head vkWu ek; gSM

‚;ke ds cxy esa Next to Shyam uSDLV Vw ‚;ke

jke ds lkFk With Ram fon jke

mldh dgkuh ds fy, For his story Q+kj fgt+ LVksjh

VVw k gqvk fny Broken heart czkds u gkVZ

VVw k gqvk dk¡p Broken glass czkds u XYkkl

gekjh [okfg‛kas Our desires vkj@voj fMt+k;lZ

f‛ko dh iwtk Worship of Lord Shiva ojf‛ki vkWQ ykWMZ f‛kok

lkps us dk rjhdk The way of thinking n os vkWQ+ fFkafdax

[kkus dk rjhdk The way of eating n os vkWQ+ bZfVax

pyus dk rjhdk The way of walking n os vkWQ+ okWfdax

rqEgkjh otg ls Due to you / because of you M~;w Vq ;w@fcdt+ vkWQ ;w

jke dh otg ls Due to Ram / because of Ram M~;w Vq jke@fcdt+ vkWQ jke

cPpksa ds dkj.k Due to children / because of children M~;w Vq fpYMªu@fcdt+ vkWQ fpYMªu

iSls ds dkj.k Due to money / because of money M~;w Vq efu@fcdt+ vkWQ efu

cPps dh otg ls Due to the kid / because of the kid M~;w Vq n fdM@fcdt+ vkWQ n fdM

esjs lkFk With me fon eh

rqEgkjs lkFk With you fon ;w

mlds lkFk With him/her fon fge@gj

gekjs lkFk With us fon vl

muds lkFk ¼T+;knk yksxkas ds lkFk½ With them fon nSe

fdlh ds lkFk With Someone fon leou

lk;s k gqvk Asleep vLyhi

txk gqvk Awake vods

Fkdk gqvk Tired Vk;MZ

pkSadk gqvk Shocked ‚kkWDM

27

[kks;k gqvk Lost ykWLV
fiVk gqvk Beaten chVu
Mjk gqvk Scared, Terrified Lds;MZ] VSjhQ+kbM
VVw k gqvk Broken czkds u
eqM+k gqvk Bent cSUV
QVk gqvk Torn VkWuZ
fy[kk gqvk Written fjVu
:dk gqvk Stopped LVkWIM
cSBk gqvk Sitting flfVax
[kMk+ gqvk Standing LVSfUMax
x<k+ gqvk] nQuk;k gqvk Buried cjhM
fNik gqvk Hidden fgMu
j[kk gqvk Kept dSIV
ltk gqvk Decorated MSdjsVM

egku O;fDr;kas }kjk dgh xbZ ckrsa (Quotations)

1. Don't let the fear of losing be greater than the excitement of winning.
gkjus ds Mj dks thrus dh [kq‛kh ls T+;knk er c<u+ s nksA

2. If you think of something difficult, that means you have not understood it well.
vxj vkidks dqN eqf‛dy yxrk gS] rks bldk ;gh eryc gS fd vkius mls <xa ls le÷kk ughaA

3. What's the point of being alive if you don't try to do something remarkable.
thfor jgus ds D;k ek;us vxj vki dNq vlk/kkj.k djus dk iz;Ru u djAsa

4. There are two types of people who will tell you that you cannot make a difference
in this world: those who are afraid to try and those who are afraid you will succeed.
nks rjg ds yksx vkidks ;s dgxsa s fd vki bl nqfu;k esa dqN vyx ugha dj ldrs & ,d oks tks [kqn iz;kl djus ls
Mjrs gSa vkSj nlw js oks ftUgsa vkids lQy gksus dk Mj gSA

5. Don't wish it were easier, wish you were better.
;s er pkgks fd dke vklku gks] cfYd ;s pkgks fd vki csgrj gksAa

EnglishWale.com “l{ke Hkkjr fe‛ku”

Dear students,
bl Topic ds lkFk&2 dbZ Advance English Grammar Topics Hkh www.englishwale.com ij tkdj vki
i<+ ldrs gaSA lkFk gh lkFk ;s lHkh VkWfid Video Lectures esa Hkh cover fd, x;s gSa] blds fy, vki “Spoken
English Guru” YouTube Channel esa tkdj “Playlist” eas tkb, vkSj Lesson-wise Videos nfs [k,A

eaSus vkids fy, ,d Android App Hkh cuk;k gSA Play Store esa Search dfj, “Spoken English Guru”.
fny ls egs ur dfj,xk D;kfsa d egs ur djus okyksa dh dHkh gkj ugha gksrhA esjh ‚kHq kdkeuk,a ge‛s kk vkids lkFk jgxsa hA –

Aditya Sir

28

Lesson – 3
Pronunciation ¼izuufl,‛ku½ & mPpkj.k

lgh mPpkj.k ds fcuk fdlh Hkh Hkk’kk dk egRo de gks tkrk gSA vki Hkys gh fdruh Hkh vPNh bxa fy‛k
fy[kuk o cksyuk lh[k ysa ysfdu lgh mPpkj.k ds fcuk vki g¡lh dk ik«k cu ldrs gSaA bl pSIVj ds ek/;e
ls vki vaxzst+h ‚kCnkas ds mPpkj.k dh ckjhfd;kas dks le÷k ik;xsa sA gj pSIVj esa vaxzst+h okD;ksa ds lkFk mPpkj.k
Hkh fn;k x;k gS vkSj bl ckr dk Hkh csgn /;ku j[kk x;k gS fd mPpkj.k fcYdqy xyr u fy[kk gks D;kfsa d
ge ij vkidk vkSj vki tSls djkMs +ks fo/kkfFkZ;kas dk tks fo‛okl gS] ogh gekjh lQyrk gSA

There is no significance of a language without proper pronunciation. Irrespective of how

good you are in Grammar or even how fluently you speak, incorrect pronunciation of

words can make people laugh at you. This lesson will help you improve your

pronunciation.

t+#jh gS fd ge tc Hkh fdlh ‚kCn dks cksyas rks mls lgh rjhds ls ckys saA xyr rjhds ls ckys us ij mldk vFkZ cny tkrk
gSA Always pronounce a word properly or else the meaning of the word can change.

,d ‚kCn gS – Cheek, ftldk eryc gS “xky”A bls ckys saxs – “phd” ij vxj vkius ckys k “fpd” rks fpd(chick)
eryc “eqxhZ dk cPpk”A NksVh b ;k cM+h bZ ls gh dkQh QdZ iM+ tkrk gSA Bhd blh rjg ,d ‚kCn gS – Sleep, ftldk
eryc gS “lkus k”A bls cksysaxs – Lyhi A ij vxj vkius cksyk fLyi rks fLyi (slip) eryc fQlyukA pSIVj dh vkWfM;ks
vkidks nh x;h gSA mls lqudj vki bl pSIVj dks vkSj cgs rj le÷k ik;saxsA

,d ckr vkSj] igys rks ;s tkfu, fd “Pronunciation” dk lgh mPpkj.k “izuufl,‛ku” gS] u fd “izukmufl,‛ku”A
ykxs vDlj xyrh djrs gSaA gk¡ ;s ckr lgh gS fd “Pronounce” dk lgh mPpkj.k “izukmUl” gS] “izuUl” ughaA

dksbZ Hkh ijQ+SDV gksus dk nkok ugha dj ldrk ij ge ijQ+SD‛ku ds cgqr djhc rks tk ldrs gSa uA rks vkb, iz;kl djsAa

lcls igys tkfu, vaxzsth+ o fgUnh ds Loj o O;atu ds ckjs esAa
First of all, Let‟s have a look at vowels and consonants of English & Hindi language.

vaxzsth o.kZekyk esa dqy 26 o.kZ gksrs gSa &
There are 26 letters in English Alphabet -

A B C D E F G H I J K L MN O
, ch lh Mh bZ ,sQ th ,p vkb ts ds ,sy ,es ,us vks

P Q R S T U V WX Y Z
ih D;w vkj ,l Vh ;w oh MCY;w ,sDl ok; t+SM

vxa zsth o.kZekyk ds bu 26 o.kksZa dks nks izdkjksa eas ck¡Vk x;k gS & Loj (vowel) o O;atu (consonant)

Vowels (Loj) : There are 5 vowels. ¼5 Loj gkrs s gSa½ & a, e, i, o, u
Consonants (O;atu)
: Rest 21 are consonants. ¼ckdh cps 21 O;atu dgykrs gSa½
b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.

29

fgUnh o.kZekyk eas dqy 46 o.kZ gksrs gSa &
There are 46 letters in Hindi Alphabet –

Loj (Vowels)

v vk b à m Š, ,s vks vkS va v%
a aa e/i ee u/o oo/u e/ai ai o au/ou ang ah

O;atu (Consonants) ÷k ´ V B M < .k

d [k x ?k ³ p N t jha yan ta tha da dha ana
Hk e ; j y o ‚k
ka kh ga gha nga cha chha ja
r Fk n Ëk u i Q c bha ma ya ra la va/wa sh

th/t th/tha da/th dha na pa pha/fa ba
‘k l g {k = K

sh sa ha ksh tra gya

izk;% fdlh Hkh ‚kCn dk mPpkj.k ml ‚kCn esa vkus okys Loj ls fu/kkZfjr gkrs k gSA gkyk¡fd viokn gj txg gSa yfs du tc

vki fdlh Hkk’kk dks lh[kus dh izfØ;k esa vkxs c<+rs tkrs gSa rks [kqn c [kqn vki bu vioknksa dks tkuus yxrs gSaA Lojksa dk

jksy vge gksus dh otg ls ge ‚kq#vkr Lojkas ds mPpkj.k ls djrs gSa mlds ckn dqN ,ls s O;tauksa ds mPpkj.k dks le÷ksxa s
ftuds fcuk vaxzsth+ Hkk’kk dks lgh rjhds ls cksyuk ukeqefdu gSA

Often, pronunciation of a word depends on the sound of the vowel in the word itself.
Exceptions are certainly there, but when you keep learning a language, you come to
know such exceptions yourselves. Since the vowels are the base of pronunciation, we
start with vowels first; however, we‟ll cover those consonants too, without knowing
their pronunciation, it is next to impossible to pronounce correctly.

Lojksa dk mPpkj.k (Pronunciation of vowels)

bafXy‛k ds ik¡p Loj & a, e, i, o, u

A dk mPpkj.k

lcls igys ;s tkfu;s fd tc Hkh „a‟ fdlh okD; esa vdsys vkrk gS] rks mls „,‟ ugha cfYd ge‛s kk „v‟ dgrs gSaA

A man is standing there. v eSu bt+ LVSfUMax nvs jA

He is a good boy. gh bt+ v xqM ckW;A

A, AI, AY – „,‟ ¼ s ½ Fame ¼Q+es ½ & izflf) Game¼xse½ & [kys Rate ¼jVs ½ & ewY;
Name ¼use½ & uke Ape ¼,i½ & yaxwj Shape¼‛kis ½ & vkdkj Same ¼lse½ & leku
Shame¼‛kes ½ & ‚keZ Rain ¼jus ½ & ckfj‛k Day ¼Ms½ & fnu Say ¼ls½ & dguk
Pain ¼isu½ & nnZ
At ¼,Vs ½ & ij] esa An ¼,us ½ & ,d Anchor ¼,sda j½ & ,asdj
A – „,‟s ¼ S ½ Map ¼eSi½ & eSi Man ¼eSu½ & vkneh Cat ¼dSV½ & fcYyh
Ash ¼,sl½ & jk[k
Gas ¼xSl½ & xSl Dare ¼Msvj½ & fgEer djuk Share¼‛kvs j½ & feydj djuk

A – „,v‟ ¼ sv ½ Agree ¼vxzh½ & lger gksuk Ajar ¼vtkj½ & v/k[kqyk
Rare ¼jsvj½ & nqyZHk 30

A – „v‟ ¼ k ½
Alert ¼vyVZ½ & lpsr

A – „vk‟ ¼ kk ½ After ¼vk¶+Vj½ & ckn esa Far ¼Q+kj½ & nwj
Are ¼vkj½ & ,d lgk;d fØ;k

A, AW – „vkW‟ ¼ W ½ Hall ¼gkWy½ & cM+k dejk Call ¼dkWy½ & Q+ksu djuk] iqdkjuk
Tall ¼VkWy½ & yEck Aweful ¼vkWQ+y½ & cgqr cds kj Awkward ¼vkWdoMZ½ & vViVk
Awesome ¼vkWle½ & cgqr cf<+;k

E, EE, EA – „ bZ ‟ ¼ h ½ cM+h bZ E dk mPpkj.k Be ¼ch½ & gksuk
Me ¼eh½ & eq÷ks Keep ¼dhi½ & j[kuk
Week ¼ohd½ & lIrkg He ¼gh½ & og Sea ¼lh½ & lkxj
Weak ¼ohd½ & det+kjs Teen ¼Vhu½ & fd‛kksj
Heap ¼ghi½ & <sj

E – „,s‟ ¼ S ½ Pen ¼iSu½ & izflf) Enter ¼,Us Vj½ & izos‛k djuk
Hen ¼gSu½ & eqxhZ

E – „ b ‟ ¼ f ½ NksVh b Eleven¼bySou½ & X;kjg Engagement ¼baxstesaV½ & lxkbZ
Example ¼bXtS+Eiy½ & mnkgj.k

I dk mPpkj.k

I – „ b ‟ ¼ f ½ NksVh b Is ¼bt+½ & lgk;d fØ;k Injury ¼bUtjh½ & pkVs
It ¼bV ½ & ;g
Sin ¼flu½ & iki Hindustan ¼fgUnqLrku½ & fgUnqLrku] Hkkjr Hill ¼fgy½ & igkM+

I – „ vk; ‟ Hire ¼gk;j½ & fdjk;s ij yus k Retire¼fjVk;j½ &fjVk;j gksuk
Hi ¼gk;½ & gSyks] vfHkoknu djuk Attire ¼vVk;j½ & iks‛kkd Dire ¼Mk;j½ & Hk;kud
Expire ¼,Dlik;j½ & le; lhek [kRe

I – „ vkb ‟

File ¼Q+kby½ & Q+kby Nile ¼ukby½ & uhy unh Grind ¼xzkbUM½ & ihluk Hide ¼gkbM½ & fNikuk

Pile ¼ikby½ & <sj Chile¼pkby½ & fpyh ¼,d n‛s k½ Strike ¼LVªkbd½ & gM+rky Kite ¼dkbV½ & irax

I–„v ‟ First ¼QLVZ½ & izFke] igyk Third ¼FkMZ½ & r`rh;] rhljk
Flirt ¼¶yVZ½ & ¶yVZ djuk
Dirt ¼MVZ½ & xanxh Shirt ¼‛kVZ½ & deht+ Shirk ¼‛kdZ½ & Hkkxuk ¼ft+Eesnkjh ls½

IE – „ bZ ‟ ¼ h ½ cM+h bZ Piece ¼ihl½ & VqdM+k Believe ¼fcyho½ & ekuuk] fo‛okl djuk
Niece ¼uhl½ & Hkrhth

IO – „ vk; ‟ Riot ¼jk;V½ & naxk Ion ¼vk;u½ & v.kq ¼HkkSfrdh (physics) es½a
Lion ¼yk;u½ & ‚ksj

O, OW – „ vks ‟ ¼ ks ½ O dk mPpkj.k Only ¼vkUs yh½ & dsoy] bdykSrk
Om ¼vkse½ & Å¡ Rope ¼jksi½ & jLlh
More ¼eksj½ & T+;knk Old ¼vksYM½ & cw<k+ Eyebrow ¼vkbczk½s & HkkSgsa
Bow ¼cks½ & /kuq’k Bold ¼cksYM½ & lkglh] lkgfld
Snow ¼Luk½s & fgeikr] cQZ

31

Yellow ¼;yks½ & ihyk jax Slow ¼Lyk½s & /khek Pillow ¼fiyks½ & rfd;k
OO – „ m ‟ ¼ q ½ NksVh m
Cook ¼dqd½ & jlksb;k Look ¼yqd½ & ns[kuk Good ¼xqM½ & vPNk To ¼Vq½ & dks

OO – „ Å ‟ ¼ w ½ cM+h Å Shoot ¼‛kwV½ & xksyh ekjuk Groom ¼xzwe½ & nwYgk Loot ¼ywV½ & ywVuk
Too ¼Vw½ & Hkh

O–„v‟ Occur ¼vdj½ & ?kfVr gksuk Son ¼lu½ & csVk
Done ¼Mu½ & gks x;k Oppose ¼vikst½+ & fojk/s k djuk

O – „ vkW ‟ Stop ¼LVkWi½ & #dks] #duk Lot ¼ykWV½ & cgqr
Opt ¼vkWIV½ & pquuk On ¼vkWu½ & ds Åij] ij
Chop ¼pkWi½ & dkVuk Hop ¼gkWi½ & dwnuk Shop ¼‛kkWi½ & nqdku Rob ¼jkWc½ & ywVuk

OW – „ vko ‟ Shower ¼‛kkoj½ & ugkuk ds fy, Tower ¼Vkoj½ & ehukj How ¼gko½ & dSlk
Cow ¼dko½ & xk;

OU – „ vkm ‟ Shout ¼‛kkmV½ & fpYykuk About ¼vckmV½ & ckjs esa Rout¼jkmV½& HkxnM+
Doubt ¼MkmV½ & lansg

OI – „ vkWb ‟ Coin ¼dkWbu½ & flDdk
Join ¼tkWbu½ & ‚kkfey gksuk

OY – „ vkW; ‟ Loyal¼ykW;y½& oQ+knkj
Enjoy ¼,sutkW;½ & ets djuk Boy ¼ckW;½ & yM+dk Royal ¼jkW;y½ & jktlh

U dk mPpkj.k

U – „ m ‟ ¼ q ½ NkVs h m Full ¼Q+qy½ & Hkjk gqvk Raipur ¼jk;iqj½ & txg dk uke
Bull ¼cqy½ & cSy

U–„v ‟ Run ¼ju½ & nkSM+uk Bulb ¼cYc½ & cYc Under ¼vUMj½ & ds uhps
Shut ¼‛kV½ & cUn Urgent ¼vtsZUV½ & t+#jh Cut ¼dV½ & dkVuk But ¼cV½& ysfdu
Utter ¼vVj½ & dguk

U – „ ;w ‟ Salute ¼lY;wV½ & lyke Tube ¼V~;wc½& V~;wc Uniform¼;wuhQ+keZ½ & onhZ
Use ¼;wt+½ & iz;ksx djuk

U – „ ;ks ‟ Tenure ¼VSU;kjs ½ & dk;Zdky Sure ¼‛;kjs ½& iDdk Allure ¼vY;ksj½ & Qqlykuk
Cure ¼D;ksj½ & bykt

fofo/k mPpkj.k (Miscellaneous Pronunciation)

“l” vkSj “'k” dk mPpkj.k

vxj fdlh ‚kCn esa S ds Bhd vkxs H vk;s rks ßlÞ ugha cfYd Þ'kÞ dk mPpkj.k gksxkA
If in a word, S is followed by H, there will not be „s‟ sound, but „sh‟ sound.

32

l dh /ofu (Words with „S‟ sound)

S (l) Saturn¼lSVuZ½ & ‚kfu xzg Saline¼lykbu½ & [kkjk
Sun¼lu½ & lwjt Salt¼lkWYV½ & ued Taste¼VsLV½ & Lokn
Salute¼lY;wV½ & lyke Sound¼lkmUM½ & /ofu Curse¼dlZ½ & vfHk‛kki
Safety¼ls¶Vh½ & lqj{kk Sweet¼LohV½ & ehBk Sweat¼LoSV½ & ilhuk
Satire¼lVk;j½ & O;ax

CE (l) Cell¼lSy½ & lSy Century ¼lSUpqjh ½ & lnh
Peace¼ihl½ & ‚kkfUr Center¼lSUVj½ & dsanz Nice ¼ukbl½ & vPNk
Ice ¼vkbl½ & cQ+Z

‚k dh /ofu (Words with „SH‟ sound)

SH (‚k) Shelter¼‛kSYVj½ & vkJ;] ?kj Shoot¼‛kwV½ & xksyh ekjuk
Shirt¼‛kVZ½ & deht+
Fish¼fQ+‛k½ & eNyh Crush¼Ø‛k½ & pkgr Trash¼VªS‛k½ & dpjk

TIO (‚k) Diction¼fMD‛ku½ & ckys us dk <ax Reaction¼fj,sD‛ku½ & izfrfØ;k
Nation¼us‛ku½ & jk’Vª
Ratio¼js‛kks½ & vuqikr Rational¼jS‛kuy½ & rdZlaxr Action¼,Ds ‛ku½ & dk;Z

 (‚k dh /ofu) - Few exceptions ¼¶;w ,sDlsI‛kUl½ & dNq viokn

dqN ,sls ‚kCn Hkh gkrs s gSa ftueas S ds Bhd vkxs H ugha vkrk fQj Hkh mPpkj.k eas ÞlÞ ugha cfYd Þ‛kÞ gkrs k gSA

Sugar – phuh] bls lqxj ugha cfYd ‚kqxj dgrs gSaA

Sure – iDdk] bls L;ksj ugha cfYd ‚;ksj dgrs gSaA

Passion¼iS‛ku½ & tk‛s k Pressure¼izS‛kj½ & ncko Sugar ¼‛kqxj½ & phuh

Sure¼‛;kjs ½ & iDdk Asia¼,f‛k;k½ & ,f‛k;k Russia ¼jf‛k;k½ & #l ¼ns‛k dk uke½

 vUrj lef÷k, & Understand the difference:

See lh n[s kuk Suit lwV lwV
Sea lh leqnz Shoot ‚kVw xkys h ekjuk
She ‚kh og ¼,d yM+dh ds fy,½

Seat lhV cSBus dh txg Sell lSy cps uk
Sheet ‚khV pknj Sale lsy fcØh
Shell ‚kSy [kksy

Sign lkbu gLrk{kj Sigh lk; ÷kkSadk
Shine ‚kkbu ped Shy ‚kk; ‚kehZyk

Sip fli ?k¡wV Sort lkWVZ izdkj
Ship f‛ki tgkt+ Short ‚kkWVZ de

Save lso cpkuk Shower ‚kkoj ugkuk
Shave ‚kos gtker Sour lkoj [kV~Vk

So lks blfy, Shame 'kes 'keZ dh ckr
Show ‚kks izn‛kZu 33

Same lse leku

cgqr egRoi.w kZ mPpkj.k ¼t dh /ofu½

t t+ 'k+

1st type 2nd type 3rd type

D;k vkius dHkh lkps k gS fd t ds uhps fcUnq gksus dk D;k eryc gSA
nlw js okys t ds uhps ,d fcUnq (point) gS vkSj rhljs okys esa 'k ds uhps fcUnq (point) gSA
vkidks rkTtqc gqvk gksxk fd ‚k ds uhps fcUnq gksus ls bldk mPpkj.k t dh rjg dSls gks tkrk gSA vki bUgas dsoy lqudj
gh igpku ldrs gSa vkWfM;ks ,Dljlkbt+ esAa uhps fn;s x;s mnkgj.kksa ds ek?;e ls dsoy fy[kus dk rjhdk lef÷k,A

1st type- t & Jug - ¼tx½ & ikuh dk tx
2nd type- t+ & Gazal- ¼xt+y½ & ,d rjg dk xhr vankt+
3rd type- ‚k+ & Television ¼VSyhfo'ku+ ½ & Vhoh

t & J, G, DG Gadget¼xStV½ ;a«k Pigeon¼fitu½ dcwrj
Jealous¼tSyl½ tyu Jewellery¼Tkwyjh½ tsoj
Magic¼eSftd½ tknw Courage¼djts ½ lkgl Budge¼ct½ fgyuk
Japan¼tSiSu½ tkiku Edge¼,ts ½ fdukjk] dkus k Bulge¼cYt½ mHkjk gqvk
Judge¼tt½ tt
Age¼,t½ mez

t+ & Z, S, X

Music¼E;wft+d½ laxhr Magazine¼eSxt+hu½ if«kdk Rise¼jkbt+½ c<u+ k
Buzz¼ct+½ fHkufHkukuk
Maze¼est+½ my÷ku Zoo¼tw½+ fpfM+;k?kj Wizard¼fot+MZ½ tknxw j
Reason¼jht+u½ dkj.k
Lizard¼fyt+MZ½ fNidyh Was¼okWt+½ Fkk] Fk]s Fkh

Example¼bXt+SEiy½ mnkgj.k Xerox¼t+hjkWDl½ QksVkds kWih

‚k+ & S, SU, SIO Leisure¼yS‛kj+ ½vodk‛k] [kkyh Television¼VSyhfo‛k+u½Vhoh
Elusion¼bY;w‛k+u½Nykok] tks u gks oks yxuk Revision¼fjfo‛k+u½ la‛kks/ku
Vision¼fo‛k+u½ n`f’V Treasury¼VªS‛k+jh½ [kt+kuk Measure¼eS‛k+j½ ukiuk
Provision¼izkfs o‛ku+ ½ izko/kku
Pleasure¼IyS‛k+j½ vkuan

“S” ls ‚kq# gkus s okys ‚kCn ij “S” ds rqjUr ckn “H” u vk;s

Words starting with “S”, not immediately followed by “H”

tc Hkh fdlh ‚kCn dh 'kq#vkr “s” ls gksrh gS (ij “s” ds ckn “h” u vk;)s rks ml ‚kCn dks ckys rs oDr mldh 'kq#vkr
vk/ks l ;kfu “L” ls gksrh gS tcfd dbZ yksx mlds vkxs b yxk nsrs gSaA gks ldrk gS fd vki Hkh ;s xyrh djrs gkAsa blds
mnkgj.k Hkh vkWfM;ks ySDpj esa fn;s x;s gSaA

 School - ;s Ldwy gS] u fd bLdwy
 Smile - ;s Lekby gS] u fd bLekby
 Style - ;s LVkby gS] u fd bLVkby

Smile ¼Lekby½ eqLdqjkuk School¼Ldwy½ fo|ky; Style ¼LVkby½ ‚kSyh] vna kt+
Stoll ¼LVksy½ ‚kkWy Stool ¼LVyw ½ LVyw Start ¼LVkVZ½ ‚kq# djuk
Spice ¼Likbl½ elkyk Strange¼LVªsat½ vuks[kk Slow ¼Lyk½s gYdk] /khek
Screw¼LØw½ iasp Strain¼LVªsu½ ruko] VSa‛ku Stress¼LVªSl½ ruko] VSa‛ku

34

Storm¼LVkWeZ½ vka/kh Skill ¼fLdy½ dkS‛ky] dyk Skull ¼Ldy½ [kksiM+h

TH – n TH dk mPpkj.k (Sound of TH)

The ¼n ;k nh½ & n ;k nh n Fk

TH – Fk There ¼nsvj½ & ogk¡ That ¼nSV½ & og This¼fnl½& ;g

Threat ¼FkzSV½ & /kedh Think ¼fFkad½ & lkspuk Theme¼Fkhe½ & fo’k; Thank¼FkSad½& /kU;okn nsuk

Question ¼Dos‛pu½ & iz‛u S ds ckn TION gks rks mPpkj.k

‚p

Suggestion ¼ltS‛pu½ & lq÷kko Digestion ¼MkbtS‛pu½ & ikpu

C dk mPpkj.k

ld

C (l) Cell¼lSy½ & lSy Century ¼lSUpqjh ½ & lnh
Center¼lSUVj½ & dsanz Nice ¼ukbl½ & vPNk
Peace¼ihl½ & ‚kkfUr
Ice ¼vkbl½ & cQ+Z

C (d) Cute¼D;wV½ & I;kjk Shock ¼‛kkWd½ & ÷kVdk Crime ¼Økbe½ & vijk/k

Cool ¼dwy½ & BMa k

G dk mPpkj.k

xt

G (x) Get¼xSV½ & ikuk Gate ¼xsV½ & xsV
Singer¼flaxj½ & xk;d Golf ¼xkWYQ½ & ,d [ksy
Gold¼xkYs M½ & lksuk
Give¼fxo½ & nus k

G (t) Cage¼dst½ & fita jk Courage¼djts ½ & lkgl
Magic ¼eSftd½ & tknw

mPpkj.k ;gha ij [kRe ugha gqvk] ;s rks ,d ‚kq#vkr gSA vkius flQZ dqN fu;eksa o vioknksa dks le÷kk gSA vkus okys pSIVjksa eas
vki dbZ ,sls ‚kCnksa ls #c# gksxa s ftuesa vkidks dbZ vkSj mPpkj.k n[s kus dks feyasxsA

35

Lesson – 4

Vocabulary & Pronunciation Exercises

¼odScyjh ,Ma izuufl,‛ku ,Dljlkbt+t+½ & ‚kCnkoyh ,oa mPpkj.k vH;kl

vxj vki bl dkls Z dks vPNh rjg ls lh[kuk pkgrs gSa rks gekjh lykg ;s gS fd bl pSIVj dh ‚kCnkoyh
,Dljlkbt+t eas fn;s x;s ‚kCnkas dks fn;s x;s mPpkj.k ds lkFk ;kn djus dk iz;Ru djsAa vxj lHkh ‚kCn ugha
rks de ls de 10 ‚kCn jkts + ;kn djus dh dkfs ‛k‛k djAsa D;kafs d vkxs vkus okys dkWUlsIV pSIVjkas] izSfDVl
,Dljlkbt+t o VSLV isijlZ eas bu ‚kCnkas dk iz;kxs gksxk vkSj vxj vkidks vf/kdrj ‚kCn ;kn gksa oks Hkh lgh
mPpkj.k ds lkFk] rks dkWUlsIV le÷kus] izSfDVl djus ;k VSLV isij lkWYo djus esa vklkuh gkxs hA

EnglishWale.com “l{ke Hkkjr fe‛ku”

Dear students,
bl Topic ds lkFk&2 dbZ Advance English Grammar Topics Hkh www.englishwale.com ij tkdj vki
i<+ ldrs gaSA lkFk gh lkFk ;s lHkh VkWfid Video Lectures esa Hkh cover fd, x;s gSa] blds fy, vki “Spoken
English Guru” YouTube Channel esa tkdj “Playlist” eas tkb, vkSj Lesson-wise Videos nfs [k,A

eaSus vkids fy, ,d Android App Hkh cuk;k gAS Play Store esa Search dfj, “Spoken English Guru”.
fny ls egs ur dfj,xk D;kfsa d egs ur djus okyksa dh dHkh gkj ugha gksrhA esjh ‚kHq kdkeuk,a ge‛s kk vkids lkFk jgxsa hA –

Aditya Sir

Exercise-I

;gk¡ fn;s x;s 'kCn dkQh vklku gSaA gks ldrk gS fd vki bUgsa igys ls gh tkurs gkas] fQj Hkh ,d ckj n[s k yhft,] gks
ldrk gS dqN u;s 'kCnksa ls vki #c# gksaA
The words out here are pretty easy. However, have a look at these once, It is possible that you
might not know a few.

1. Move ewo fgyuk ;k fgykuk 18. Come de vkuk
2. Go xks ykQ g¡luk
3. Eat bZV tkuk 19. Laugh yuZ lh[kuk
4. Walk okWd vkLd iwNuk
5. Drink fMªda [kkuk 20. Learn ls dguk
6. See lh VSy crkuk
7. Look yqd ?kew uk] iSny pyuk 21. Ask phV /kks[kk nsuk
8. Watch okp iq‛k /kDdk nsuk
9. Write jkbV ihuk 22. Say iqy [khapuk
10. Read jhM Iys [kys uk
11. Think fFkad n[s kuk 23. Tell xse [kys
12. Speak Lihd gkse ?kj
13. Talk VkWd n[s kuk (/;ku ls) 24. Cheat MSQ+ cgjk
14. Get Up xSV vi Me xw¡xk
15. Sleep Lyhi n[s kuk ¼fgyrh pht@O;fDr½ 25. Push yse y¡xM+k
16. Stand LVSUM vykbo thfor
17. Sit flV fy[kuk 26. Pull LVs Bgjuk

i<u+ k 27. Play

lkps uk 28. Game

ckr djuk 29. Home

ckr djuk 30. Deaf

mBuk ;k txuk 31. Dumb

lkus k 32. Lame

[kMs+ gksuk 33. Alive

cSBuk 34. Stay

36

35. Find QkbUM ikuk] <w¡<uk 82. Cage dst fiatjk
36. Buy
37. Here ck; [kjhnuk 83. Cave dso xqQk
38. There fgvj ;gk¡ 84. Den MSu xqQk (jgus dh) tSls 'kjs dh
39. Give
40. Take nvs j ogk¡ 85. Deep Mhi xgjk
41. Beat
42. Win fxo nus k 86. Dust MLV /kyw
43. Scold
44. Knife Vds yus k] ys tkuk 87. Early vYkhZ tYnh
45. Sword
46. Cut chV ihVuk 88. Keep dhi j[kuk
47. Bite
48. Bow fou thruk 89. Towards VqoMZ~l dh rjQ+
49. Arrow
50. Spoon LdkWYM Mk¡Vuk 90. Threaten FkzSVu /kedh nus k
51. Open
52. Close ukbQ pkdw 91. Enter ,Us Vj ?kqluk] izo‛s k djuk
53. Close
54. Smile lkMs Z ryokj 92. See Off lh vkWQ fonk djuk
55. Brave
56. Coward dV dkVuk 93. Look For yqd QkWj <¡<w uk
57. Forever
58. Radish ckbV nk¡r ls dkVuk 94. Look After yqd vk¶Vj n[s kHkky djuk
59. Carrot
60. Pain cks /kuq"k 95. Mosquito ekWfLdVks ePNj
61. Lion
62. Tiger ,js ks rhj 96. Sour lkWj ;k lkoj [kV~Vk
63. Cheetah
64. Fox Liuw pEep 97. Bitter fcVj dM+ok
65. Tall
66. Short vksiu [kksyuk 98. Hope gksi vk‛kk] mEehn
67. My
68. Mine Dykls [kkl ;kfu djhch 99. Hop gkWi dwnuk
69. His
70. Her Dykts + cUn djuk 100. Miss fel ;kn djuk
71. Hers
72. Their Lekby eqLdqjkuk 101. About vckmV ckjs esa
73. Theirs
74. Our czso cgknqj 102. Send lSUM Hkstuk
75. Ours
76. Then dkWoMZ dk;j 103. Gorgeous xkWTkZl cgqr lqUnj
77. Few
78. Some QjSoj ge‛s kk 104. Perhaps ijgSIl 'kk;n
79. Blanket
80. Bring jSfM‛k ewyh 105. Maybe esch 'kk;n
81. Bunch
dSjV xkt+j 106. Probably izkcs SCyh 'kk;n

ius nnZ 107. Blame Cyse nks"k nsuk

yk;u 'kjs 108. Roof #Q+ Nr ¼?kj ds vUnj dh rjQ+½

Vkbxj ck?k ;k ydM+cX?kk 109. Terrace VSjl Nr ¼?kj ds Åij dh½

phrkg phrk 110. Against vXksaLV fo#)

QkWDl ykes M+h 111. Loose Yktw + <hyk

VkWy yEck 112. Lose Yktw + [kksuk

'kkWVZ NkVs k 113. Loss YkkWl uqdlku] gkfu

ek; esjk 114. Lonely ykUs yh vdsyk

ekbu esjk 115. Tired Vk;ZM Fkdk gqvk

fgt+ mldk 116. Remind fjekbUM ;kn fnykuk

gj mldk 117. Remember fjeSecj ;kn djuk

glZ mldk 118. Leave yho NkMs +uk] NqV~Vh

nvs j mudk (T;knk yksxkas dk) 119. Beg csx ek¡xuk

nvs lZ mudk (T;knk yksxkas dk) 120. Postpone iksLikus jn~n djuk] fujLr djuk

voj gekjk (T;knk yksxksa dk) 121. Purchase ijpst+ [kjhnuk

volZ gekjk (T;knk yksxksa dk) 122. Break czsd rksM+uk

nSu rc 123. Succeed lDlhM lQ+y gksuk

¶;w FkksMk+] dqN ¼ftls fxu ldrs gSa½ 124. Ascribe vLØkbc J;s nus k

le FkksMk] dqN ¼ftls fxu ugha ldrs½ 125. Buyer ck;j [kjhnus okyk

CySUdSV dEcy 126. Seller lSyj cps us okyk

fczax ykuk] ys tkuk 127. Mouse ekml pqfg;k

cUp xqPNk 128. Rat jSV pwgk

37

129. Past ikLV chrk gqvk 133. Awful vkWQ+y cdokl] csdkj
130. Future ¶;wpj vkus okyk dy 134. Awkward vkWdoMZ vViVk
131. Amazing vefs t+ax tcjnLr 135. Marriage eSfjt ‚kknh
132. Awesome vkWle cgs rjhu

Exercise – II

1. tgk¡ dgha Wherever 40. Achieve ikuk] izkIr djuk

2. When tc ;k dc 41. dgha ugha Nowhere

3. Then rc 42. Somewhere dgha

4. Few dqN 43. Patrol x‛r yxkuk tSls iqfyl dh x‛r

5. Above Åij 44. Hop mNydwn djuk
45. tks dqN Hkh Whatever
6. ,ls k D;ksa Why so 46. tc dHkh Whenever

7. iwNuk Ask

8. Able ;kXs ;] leFkZ 47. Little FkkMs +k] NksVk

9. dghas Hkh Anywhere 48. Enter izo‛s k djuk] ?kqluk
49. vc ls From now, Now onwards
10. Her mldk ¼yM+dh dk½

11. Blanket dEcy 50. His mldk ¼yM+ds dk½

12. Below uhps 51. Ever dHkh

13. Bit FkkMs +k] VqdM+k 52. See off fonk djuk

14. ykuk Bring 53. dkSu lk Which
54. fdldk Whose
15. Bunch xqPNk

16. Cage fiatjk 55. Footfall dnekas dh vkokt+

17. Cave xqQk 56. Look for <¡w<uk

18. ,ls k D;ksa Why so 57. n[s kHkky djuk Look after, see after

19. Den xqQk ¼jgus dh½ 58. Remind ;kn fnykuk

20. Dust /kyw 59. Awake txk gqvk] mBk gqvk
60. ePNj Mosquito
21. Early tYnh

22. Get up mBuk 61. Rainbow bUnz/kuq"k
62. HkkSaduk Bark
23. Below uhps

24. In front of ds lkeus 63. Petrol iVs ªksy ¼xkM+h dk½

25. yVdkuk] yVduk Hang 64. Sour [kV~Vk

26. Hold idM+uk 65. Hope mEehn djuk

27. dgk¡ ls From where 66. Miss ;kn djuk
67. ihNs Behind
28. Keep j[kuk

29. Memorize ;kn djuk 68. Right now bl oDr

30. dc rd Until when 69. Something dqN

31. Towards dh rjQ 70. Cheat /kks[kk nsuk
71. cky >M+uk Hair fall
32. Threaten /kedh nus k 72. Hkstuk Send

33. Fist eqB~Bh

34. Sound vkokt+ 73. Tremble dk¡iuk] FkjFkjkuk

35. Suggestion lq>ko 74. Escape cp fudyuk] Hkkx tkuk

36. Enough dkQh 75. dM+ok Bitter

37. Much T+;knk 76. Extremely cgqr T+;knk

38. dbZ Many 77. Gorgeous cgqr lqUnj

39. fcydqy ughas Not at all 78. Perhaps ‚kk;n

38

79. deh Lack, Discrepancy 111. Pretty lqUnj] cgqr
80. gYdk Light
112. gkj ekuuk Give in
81. Feverish cq[kkj tSlk 113. cxy esa Beside, next to, adjacent

82. Drop in come (vkuk) 114. Ekkeyk Matter, issue, concern

83. pkjkas rjQ All around 115. However fQj Hkh

84. Fully packed [kpk[kp Hkjk gqvk 116. Than rqyuk esa

85. Forever ge‛s kk ds fy, 117. Lonely vdsyk

86. Absolutely fcYdqy] iwjh rjg ls 118. yxHkx Almost, approximately

87. /;ku nsuk Pay attention 119. mnklhu Aloof

88. A lot cgqr T+;knk 120. Learner lh[kus okyk

89. Hence blfy, 121. Ckpiu Childhood

90. [kjk mrjuk Live up to 122. vkokt+ Voice, Sound

91. Regret [kns gksuk] nq[k gksuk 123. rc Hkh Then also/ Even then

92. vlqfo/kk Inconvenience 124. Asleep lk;s k gqvk

93. Finalize QSlyk djuk 125. Away nwj

94. Blame nks"k nsuk 126. Ban izfrc/a k yxkuk

95. Very first lcls igyk 127. jtk+ bZ Quilt
96. dk;s y Cuckoo
97. tYn gh Soon, very soon 128. Bow /kuq"k

129. Tired Fkdk gqvk

98. Unwell rfc;r Bhd u gkus k 130. lqjk[k Hole

99. Against fo#) 131. Drain ukyk

100. n`<+ fu‛p; Firm determination 132. Flock ny] xqPNk

101. Surely iDdk 133. uk[kqu Nail
102. igys ls gh Already, beforehand
134. Spread QSykuk

103. Your place rqEgkjs ;gk¡ 135. ekQ djuk Forgive

104. At this time bl le;] bl iy 136. Crazy ikxy ¼fdlh pht+ ;k O;fDr ds fy,½

105. At the moment bl le;] bl iy 137. fdl ls From whom

106. As per ds vuqlkj 138. Ascribe J;s nus k

107. tc ls Ever since 139. Kind n;kyw
108. tc rd By the time
109. rc rd Till then, By then 140. Keen mRlqd gkus k
110. HkxnM+ Stampede
141. Alternative fodYi

142. Incredible cgs rjhu] tcjnLr

egku O;fDr;kas }kjk dgh xbZ ckrsa (Quotations)

1. Definiteness of purpose is the starting point of all achievement.
mn~ns‛; dk izcy gksuk lHkh miyfC/k;ksa dh igyh lh<+h gSA ¼MCY;w DySesUV LVksu½

2. Fortune favors the brave.
fdLer cgknqjksa dk lkFk nsrh gSA

3. In most of the cases, you will have to fight a battle more than once to win it.
vf/kdk‛a kr%] fdlh yM+kbZ dks thrus ds fy, vkidks mls ,d ls vf/kd ckj yM+uk gksxkA

39

Exercise – III

1) At once ,d lkFk
we shouted at once.
ge ,d lkFk fpYyk;sA
2) In a while FkkMs +h nsj esa
I will come in a while.
eSa FkksM+h nsj esa vk tkšxkA
3) For a while FkkMs +h nsj ds fy,
Give me your mobile for a while.
eq>s FkksM+h nsj ds fy, viuk ekcs kby ns nksA
4) Quite often vDlj
I go there quite often.
eSa vDlj ogk¡ tkrk gw¡A
5) Quite iwjh rjg ls
I am quite well now.
vc eSa iwjh rjg Bhd g¡wA
6) Similarly blh izdkj

eSa x;k vkSj mlls feyk] blh rjg ls oks Hkh feykA I went and met him. Similarly, he met too.
7) Simultaneously
,d gh le; ij] ,d gh lkFk
eSa i<+ jgk gw¡A lkFk esa tkWc Hkh dj jgk gw¡A I am studying, working simultaneously.
8) Needless
t+:jr ugha
dgus dh t+:jr ugha] fd oks ikxy gSA Needless to say that he is mad.
Needless to ask, he already knows.
iwNus dh t+:jr ugha] oks igys ls gh tkurk gSA
9) Continuously yxkrkj
It is raining continuously.
Ckkfj‛k yxkrkj gks jgh gSA
10) Continually :d :d dj
It is raining continually.
Ckkfj‛k :d :d dj gks jgh gSA
11) Pass by cxy ls xqtjuk
She passed by me.
oks esjs cxy ls xqtjhA
12) Of no use/avail dksbZ Qk;nk ugha
I went to doctor but of no use.
eSa MkWDVj ds ikl x;k ij dkbs Z Qk;nk ugha gqvkA This money is of no use.

;s iSls fdlh dke ds ughaA Qk;ns dk lkSnk] ykHknk;d
13) Worthwhile It‟s not worthwhile.
Is it worthwhile going there?
;s Qk;ns dk lkSnk ugha gSA
cgqr nsj ckn
D;k ogk¡ tkuk Qk;nsena gS \ Ram came after a long.
14) After a long
cl dh ckr gkus k
jke cgqr njs ckn vk;kA It is not my cup of tea.
15) Cup of tea Call center job is not my cup of tea.

;s esjs cl dh ckr ugha gSA iwjs fnu] iwjs oDr] lkjk oDr
I kept on studying all the while.
dkWy lsUVj dh tkWc esjs fy, ugha gSA He was watching TV all the while.
16) All the while
ywVuk] csodwQ cukuk
eSa lkjs fnu i<+rk jgkA Vegetable seller was ripping me off.

oks lkjs oDr Vhoh n[s k jgk FkkA th pqjkuk] Hkkxuk
17) Rip off I never shirk responsibilities.

lCth+ okyk eq>s ywV jgk FkkA idM+ ls ckgj
18) Shirk Criminal is at large.

eSa ft+Eesnkfj;ksa ls dHkh th ugha pqjkrkA
19) At large

vijk/kh idM+ ls ckgj gSA

40

20) Impose Fkksiuk
You are imposing your will on me.
rqe eq> ij viuh eth+ Z Fkkis jgs gkAs
21) Offhand fcuk fdlh rS;kjh ds
I went for interview off hand.
eSa bUVjO;w esa fcuk fdlh rS;kjh ds x;kA
22) Over cast cknyksa ls Hkjk gqvk
The sky is over cast.
vkleku cknykas ls f?kjk gqvk gSA
23) Sigh of relief pSu dh lk¡l ysuk
I sighed of relief.
eSaus pSu dh lk¡l yhA Now you can sigh of relief.

rqe vc pSu dh lk¡l ys ldrs gksA ‚kkSdhu
24) Fond of I am fond of cars.

eSa dkjksa dk ‚kkSdhu gw¡A cos tg] Qkyrw esa
25) Unnecessarily You are unnecessarily sitting here.

rqe Qkyrw esa ;gk¡ cSBs gksA tku c>w dj
26) Knowingly He hurt me knowingly.

mlus tkuc>w dj esjk fny nq[kk;kA vutkus eas
27) Unknowingly He hurt me unknowingly.

mlus vutkus eas eq>s nq[k igq¡pk;kA ;kn fnykuk
28) Remind You remind me of Ram.
Your face reminds me of someone.
rqe eq>s jke dh ;kn fnykrs gkAs
ykijokgh
rqEgkjk psgjk eq>s fdlh dh ;kn fnykrk gSA You will be punished for negligence.
29) Negligence
iwjh rjg ls
rqEgas ykijokgh dh ltk feysxhA We are different altogether.
30) Altogether
cq>kuk
ge iwjh rjg ls vyx gSaA Put out the fire.
31) Put out
fdlh okgu eas p<+uk
vkx cq>k nksA I got in/on the bus.
32) Get in / on
fdlh okgu ls mrjuk
eSa cl esa p<k+ A I got off the bus.
33) Get off
lkFk nsuk
eSa cl ls mrjkA I always stand by you.
34) Stand by
ikyuk] ikyu iks"k.k djuk
eSa ge‛s kk rqEgkjk lkFk nrs k g¡wA My maternal uncle brought you up.
35) Bring up I was brought up in Delhi.

esjs ekek us rqEgsa ikykA lp dj nsuk] lkdkj dj nsuk
He thought and materialized.
eSa fnYyh esa iyk c<+kA I will materialize the dreams.
36) Materialize
eqR;qZ gks tkuk] xqt+j tkuk
mlus lkspk vkSj lp dj fn;kA His father passed away last year.

lius lkdkj dj n¡wxk eSaA ets djuk] VSa‛ku u ysuk
37) Pass away I am chilling out these days.

mlds ikik fiNys lky xqt+jsA J;s nus k
38) Chill out I ascribe my success to my real ones.

vktdy eSa dksbZ VSa‛ku ugha ys jgk g¡wA pyuk
39) Ascribe What is going on these days?

eSa viuh lQyrk dk Js; esjs viuksa dks nrs k gw¡A
40) Go on

vktdy D;k py jgk gS \

41

41) Ooze fdlh nzo ;k fyfDoM dk fudyuk
Blood is oozing from the wound.
?kko ls [kwu fudy jgk gSA
42) Lisp rqrykuk
Small kids lisp.
NkVs s cPps rqrykrs gaSA
43) Stammer gdykuk
He was stammering.
oks gdyk jgk FkkA
44) Whisper QqlQqlkuk
What are you whispering in his ear?
rqe mlds dku esa D;k QqlQqlk jgs gks \
45) Totter yM+[kM+kuk
India is tottering against Pakistan.
Hkkjr ikfdLrku ds fo#) yM+[kM+k jgk gSA
46) Fumble VVksyuk
I am fumbling something in Almirah.
eSa vyekjh eas dqN VVksy jgk g¡wA
47) Peel off fNydk mrkjuk] fNyuk
Seeta is peeling off the potatoes.
lhrk vkyw Nhy jgh gSA
48) Like anything cqjh rjg
He is working hard like anything.
oks cqjh rjg esgur dj jgk gSA He fought like anything.

oks cgqr tcjnLr rjhds ls yM+kA de ls de
49) At least Come at least once.

de ls de ,d ckj rks vkvkAs vkfn] bR;kfn
50) Etcetera (Full form of etc.)
I have many things such as pen, book etc.
esjs ikl dbZ pht+sa gaS tSls iSu] fdrkc bR;kfnA

Exercise-IV

1. Hair gvs j cky 23. Throat FkzkVs xyk
flj
2. Head gSM ekFkk 24. Shoulders 'kksYMj~l da/ks
[kksiM+h
3. Forehead Qkjs gSM HkkSgsa 25. Collar dkWyj xnZu vkSj da/ks ds chp
iyd
4. Skull Ldy iyd dk cky dk fgLlk
vk¡[k dh iqryh
5. Eyebrow vkbczks vk¡[ksa 26. Arms vkEl Hkqtk] ckgq
dku
6. Eyelid vkbfyM ukd 27. Hand gSUM gkFk (dykbZ ls uk[kqu rd
eq¡g
7. Eyelash vkbyS‛k nk¡r dk fgLlk)
psgjk
8. Eyeball vkbckWy thHk 28. Elbow ,Ys cks dksguh
gksBa
9. Eyes vkbt+ xky 29. Wrist fjLV dykbZ
tcM+k
10. Ear bvj Bks<+h ;k BqM~Mh 30. Palm ike gFksyh
ew¡N
11. Nose ukst+ nk<h+ 31. Fist fQLV eqV~Bh
xnZu
12. Mouth ekmFk 32. Finger fQUxj m¡xyh

13. Tooth VqFk 33. Thumb FkEc v¡xwBk (gkFk dk)

14. Face Qsl 34. Nail uys uk[kqu

15. Tongue Vax 35. Chest pSLV Nkrh (iq#"k dh)

16. Lips fyIl 36. Breast czSLV Nkrh (efgyk dh)

17. Cheek phd 37. Stomach LVed iVs

18. Jaw tkW 38. Belly CkSyh rknsa

19. Chin fpu 39. Abdomen ,cs Mkes u mnj

20. Mustache eq‛VSp 40. Waist oLs V dej

21. Beard fc;MZ 41. Leg ysx iSj

22. Neck uSd 42. Thigh Fkkb tk¡?k

42

43. Knee uh ?kqVuk 47. Bone ckus gM~Mh
44. Calf dkQ+ ?kqVus o ryos ds chp dk fgLlk
45. Feet QhV ryok 48. Skeleton LdSySVu dadky
46. Toe Vks iSj dk v¡xwBk
49. Lungs yaXl QsQM+s

50. Lever fyoj xqnkZ

Exercise – V

1) Materialize ¼eVhfjvykbt+½ lp@lkdkj dj nsuk 38) Groom ¼xzwe½ nYw gk

2) Allure ¼,sY;kSj½ ykyp nsuk] yqHkkuk 39) Bride ¼czkbM½ nqYgu

3) Momentous ¼ekWeSUVl½ egRoiw.kZ] cgqr t+#jh 40) Worship¼ojf‛ki½ iwtk djuk

4) Exonerate ¼bXt+kujsV½ funzks"k djkj dj nsuk 41) Pliers ¼Iyk;lZ½ Iykl

5) Sneeze ¼Luht+½ Nhda uk 42) Corrupt¼djIV½ Hkz"V] cbs Zeku

6) Testy ¼VSLVh½ fpM+fpM+k] xqLlSy 43) Spendthrift¼LiSUMfFkz¶V½ [kphZyk O;fDr

7) Aspect ¼vkliSDV½ igyw 44) Genuine¼tSuqvu½ vlyh

8) Futile ¼¶;wVkby½ Qkyrw] fujFkZd 45) Ridiculous¼fjMhfdyl½ cdokl] csdkj

9) Confluence ¼dkWU¶yqvUl½ laxe tSls ufn;ksa dk 46) International¼bUVjuS‛kuy½ vUrZjk"Vªh;

10) Conquer ¼dUDoSj½ thruk] dCt+k djuk 47) Zoo¼t+w½ fpfM+;k?kj

11) Consequence¼dkWfUlDosUl½ ifj.kke 48) Extraordinary¼,DlVªkWMujh½ vlk/kkj.k

12) Conservative¼dUTk+josfVo½ #f<o+ knh] tks 49) Unbelievable¼vufcyhoscy½ vfo‛oluh;

iqjkus [;kykrksa esa thrk gks 50) Engineer ¼baftfu;j½ baftfu;j

13) Conservatory¼dUt+josVjh½ ,d ,slh txg 51) Entertaining¼,UVjVfs uax½ euksjatd

tgk¡ ukt+qd isM+ ikS/kksa dks mxk;k tkrk gS 52) Astrology ¼,LVªkWyth½ T;ksfr"k foKku

14) Absolutism¼,scLY;wfVt+e½ fujadq‛krk ;kfu 53) Australia¼vkWLVªsfy;k½ ,d ns‛k dk uke

tgk¡ fdlh vkSj dh ckr u lquh tk;s 54) Belgium¼cSfYt;e½ ,d ns‛k dk uke

15) Waist ¼osLV½ dej 55) Shoot ¼‛kVw ½ xkys h ekjuk] ‚kwfVax djuk

16) West ¼oSLV½ if‛pe fn‛kk 56) Russia ¼jf‛k;k½ ,d ns‛k dk uke

17) Affluence ¼v¶yw,Ul½ vehjh 57) Rural ¼#jy½ xzkeh.k

18) Protest ¼izkVs sLV½ fonzksg 58) Algorithm ¼,syxkWfjne½ eSFkseSfVDl dk VkWfid

19) Ailment ¼,yesUV½ chekjh 59) Necessarily ¼uSlslSfjyh½ t+#jh gS] vfuok;Zr%

20) Imitate ¼bfeVsV½ udy djuk 60) Unnecessarily¼vuuSlslSfjyh½ t+#jh ugha gS

21) Debris ¼MScfjl½ dpjk] eyck 61) Perfect ¼ijQSDV½ ,dne lgh

22) Mist ¼feLV½ dkgs jk 62) Present ¼izStSV+a ½ mifLFkr gksuk] fx¶V

23) Fog ¼QkWx½ dksgjk] /kq¡?k 63) Enhance ¼,sugkUl½ c<k+ uk] T+;knk dj nsuk

24) Hail ¼gys ½ vksys] vksys iM+uk 64) Window ¼foUMks½ f[kMd+ h

25) Brutal ¼czqVy½ fuZn;h] Øwj 65) Fantastic¼QSUVSfLVd½ cgqr gh cf<+;k

26) Masticate ¼eSLVhdsV½ pckuk] dwVuk] ihluk 66) Zebra ¼tS+czk½ tkuoj dk uke

27) Credulous ¼ØSMqyl½ Hkkys k Hkkyk 67) Z ¼tS+M½ vxa zst+h dk v{kj

28) Accomplish ¼vdfEIy‛k½ iwjk@lQy dj nsuk 68) Shy ¼‛kk;½ ‚kehZyk] ‚kekZuk

29) Rapture ¼jSIpj½ [kq‛kh 69) Shameless¼‛kseySl½ c‛s keZ

30) Though ¼nk½s ;|fi] gkyk¡fd 70) Exile ¼,Xs t+kby½ cuokl

31) Extensive ¼,sDlVSfUlo½ foLr`r] O;kid 71) Standard¼LVSUMMZ½ Lrj] #rck

32) Retaliate ¼fjVSfy,V½ djkjk tokc nsuk 72) Shelter ¼‛kSYVj½ ‚kj.k] iukg

33) Thoroughfare¼FkjQs;j½ vke jkLrk 73) Zodiac Sign¼tkSfM;sd lkbu½ jkf‛k dk uke

34) Tribute ¼fVªC;wV½ J)k¡tfy 74) Pisces ¼ikbflt+½ ehu jkf‛k

35) Admire ¼,Mek;j½ iz‛kla k djuk 75) Abortion ¼vckW‛kZu½ xHkZikr

36) Proximity ¼izkSfDlfeVh½ fudVrk 76) Foeticide¼QhVlkbM½ Hkzw.kgR;k

37) Destroy¼fMLVªkW;½ cckZn dj nus k

43

77) Example¼bXt+SEiy½ mnkgj.k 89) Poverty ¼ikWoVhZ½ xjhch
90) Evil ¼bfoy½ cqjkbZ
78) Exams ¼bXt+SEl½ ijh{kk 91) Permission¼ifeZ‛ku½ vkKk
92) Ingredient¼buxzhfM,UV½ iz;ksx dh lkexzh
79) Poison ¼ikWbt+u½ t+gj 93) Harass ¼gjkl½ rxa djuk] lrkuk
94) Television¼VSyhfo‛k+u½ Vhoh
80) Discriminate¼fMfLØfeusV½ i{kikr djuk 95) Melt ¼eSYV½ xyuk
96) Prefer ¼izSQj½ roTtks nus k
81) Infanticide ¼buQSfUVlkbM½ f‛k‛kq gR;k 97) Priority ¼izk;kSfjVh½ roTtks nus k
98) Politics¼ikWfyfVDl½ jktuhfr
82) Mortality¼ekWVSZfyVh½ e`R;qnj 99) Gasp ¼xSLi½ gk¡Quk
100) Facial ¼Qsf‛k;y½ psgjs dh ekfy‛k
83) Abnormality¼,cukeSZfyVh½ vViVk O;ogkj gkus k

84) Generations¼tuj‛s kUl½ ihf<+;k¡

85) Suggestion¼ltS‛pu½ lq>ko

86) Question¼DoS‛pu½ iz‛u

87) Literacy¼fyVªSlh½ lk{kjrk

88) Majority¼eStkWjsVh½ cgqer

egku O;fDr;ksa }kjk dgh xbZ ckras (Quotations)

1. Dream big and dare to fail.
cM+k liuk ns[kks vkSj gkj lgus dh fgEer j[kksA

2. The only way to do great work is to love what you do. (Steve Jobs)
egku dk;Z djus dk flQZ ,d gh rjhdk gS] vki tks Hkh djks mls fny ls djksA ¼LVho tkWCl½

3. People will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never
forget how you made them feel.
yksx Hkwy tk;sxa s vkius D;k dgk] yksx Hkwy tk;sxa s vkius D;k fd;k] ij yksx dHkh ugha Hkwysxa s fd vkius mUgsa dSlk
eglwl djok;kA

4. I am not a product of my circumstances. I am a product of my decisions.
eSa gkykrksa ls fufeZr izk.kh ugha] esjk fuekZ.k esjs QSlyksa ls gqvk gSA

5. What's the point of being alive if you don't try to do something remarkable.
thfor jgus ds D;k ek;us vxj vki dqN vlk/kkj.k djus dk iz;Ru u djAsa

6. There are two types of people who will tell you that you cannot make a difference in this
world: those who are afraid to try and those who are afraid you will succeed.
nks rjg ds yksx vkidks ;s dgxsa s fd vki bl nqfu;k esa dqN vyx ugha dj ldrs & ,d oks tks [kqn iz;kl djus ls
Mjrs gSa vkSj nlw js oks ftUgsa vkids lQy gksus dk Mj gSA

7. Don't wish it were easier, wish you were better.
;s er pkgks fd dke vklku gks] cfYd ;s pkgks fd vki csgrj gkAsa

8. When everything seems to be going against you, remember that the airplane takes off
against the wind, not with it. (Henry Ford)
tc lc dNq vkids f[kykQ gks jgk gks] rks ;s ckr ;kn djuk fd gokbtZ gkt Hkh gok ds fo#) gh mM+ku Hkjrk gS]

mlds lkFk ughaA ¼gSujh QksMZ½

9. Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.
(Abraham Lincoln)

vki eq÷ks ,d isM+ dkVus ds fy, 6 ?kaVs nsaxs rks eSa igys 4 ?kaVs dqYgkM+h dh /kkj rst djus esa yxkÅ¡xkA¼vczkge
fyda u½

10. He that has patience can achieve anything that he wants.
ftlds ikl /kS;Z gS oks tks pkgs ik ldrk gSA

44

Exercise – VI

1. Military ¼fefyVjh½ lsuk 41. Niece¼uhl½ Hkk¡th ;k Hkrhth

2. Opportunity¼vkWijP;wfuVh½ volj] ekSdk 42. Nephew ¼uOs ;w½ Hkk¡tk ;k Hkrhtk

3. Bicycle ¼ckbfldy½ lkbZfdy 43. Agree¼vxzh½ lger gksuk

4. Tiffin box ¼fVfQu ckWDl½ fVfQu ckWDl 44. Musician¼E;wt+hf‛k;u½ laxhrK

5. Heel¼ghy½ ,M+h 45. Essential¼blSfU‛kvy½ cgqr t+#jh

6. Sugar¼‛kqxj½ phuh 46. Spacious¼LiS‛kl½ cM+h txg

7. Water¼okWVj½ ikuh 47. Zoom¼t+we½ vkdkj esa c<k+ uk

8. Was¼okWt+½ Fkk] Fks] Fkh 48. Shift¼f‛k¶V½ f[klduk

9. Because¼fcdt+½ D;ksfa d 49. Echo¼,sdk½s vkokt+ xw¡tuk

10. Gorgeous¼xkWjtl½ cgqr lqUnj 50. University¼;wfuoflZVh½ fo‛ofo|ky;

11. Government¼xoeasV½ ljdkj 51. Noise¼ukWbt+½ gYyk] ‚kksj

12. Pressure¼izS‛kj½ ncko 52. Altogether¼vkWyVqxSnj½ iwjh rjg ls

13. Wednesday¼osUt+Ms½ cq/kokj 53. Yamaha ¼;ekgk½ ,d dEiuh

14. Saturday¼lSVjM½s ‚kfuokj 54. Honda¼gkUs Mk½ ,d dEiuh

15. April¼,fizy½ vizSy dk eghuk 55. And¼,sUM½ vkSj

16. May¼e½s ebZ dk eghuk 56. End¼,UM½ vUr] vkf[kj

17. August ¼vkWxLV½ vxLr dk eghuk 57. Sit¼flV½ cSBuk

18. November¼uoSEcj½ uoEcj dk eghuk 58. Stand¼LVSUM½ [kMk+ gksuk

19. December¼fMlSEcj½ fnlEcj dk eghuk 59. Communication¼dE;wfuds‛ku½ lapkj.k

20. January ¼tSU;qjh½ tuojh dk eghuk 60. Enjoy ¼,UtkW;½ ets djuk

21. Development¼fMoSyIkeSUV ;k MoyieSUV½fodkl 61. Neither ¼uhnj ;k ukbnj½ ugha

22. Phenomenal¼fQukWfeuy½ tcjnLr 62. Also ¼vkWYlk½s Hkh

23. Secondary¼lSdsUMjh½ nlw jk 63. Although¼vkWYnks½ ;|fi] gkyk¡fd

24. Guardian ¼xkjfM;u½ laj{kd] vfHkHkkod 64. However¼gkoSoj½ fQj Hkh] tcfd

25. Question¼DoS‛pu½ iz‛u 65. Idle¼vkbMy½ [kkyh gkus k

26. Suggestion¼lts‛pu½ lq>ko 66. Ideal¼vkbfM;y½ vkn‛kZ

27. Aries¼,vjht+½ es"k jkf‛k 67. Idol¼vkbMy½ ewfRkZ

28. Technology¼VSDukWyth½ rduhd 68. Pour¼iksj½ mM+ys uk

29. Soil¼lkWby½ t+ehu] feV~Vh 69. Feverish ¼Qhofj‛k½ cq[kkj tSlk

30. Spoil¼LikWby½ cckZn@[kjkc dj nsuk 70. Rumour ¼j~;wej½ vQokg

31. Thoroughfare¼FkjQs;j½ vke jkLrk 71. Quarrel ¼Do+ kjy½ >xM+k

32. Though ¼nk½s ;|fi] gkyk¡fd 72. Headache¼gSMsd½ fljnnZ

33. Mountain ¼ekmuVsu½ ioZr 73. Holiday ¼gkWfyMs½ NqV~Vh

34. Telecommunication¼VSyhdE;wfuds‛ku½ njw lapkj 74. Vegetable¼oSftVcs y½ lCt+h

35. Data¼MsVk½ vk¡dM+s 75. Afar¼vQkj½ cgqr nwj

36. Grammar ¼xzSej½ O;kdj.k 76. Aloof¼vywQ½ vdys k o pqi&pqi

37. Typhoid ¼VkbQkbM½ ,d chekjh 77. Forty¼QkWVhZ½ 40

38. Penniless¼iSfuYkSl½ daxky] iSls u gksuk 78. Fourteen¼QksVhZu½ 14

39. Perhaps ¼ijgSIl½ ‚kk;n 79. Exaggerate¼bXt+StjsV½ c<k+ p<+kdj dguk

40. Determine¼fMVjfeu½ fu/kkZfjr djuk 80. Almirah ¼,yfejk½ vyekjh

45

Exercise – VII

1. Sell ¼lSy½ cps uk (Verb) 46. Wind ¼foUM½ gok

2. Sale ¼lsy½ fcØh (Noun) 47. Able ¼,cy½ ;kXs ; gkus k

3. Shall ¼‛kSy½ ,d lgk;d fØ;k 48. Society ¼lqlkbVh½ lekt

4. Again ¼vxSu½ nksckjk 49. Didn‟t ¼fMUV ;k fMMUV½ lgk;d fØ;k

5. Bother ¼ckWnj½ ij‛s kku djuk 50. Formality¼QkWjeSfyVh½ vkSipkfjdrk

6. Ooze ¼Åt+½ fdlh nzo dk fudyuk 51. Conversation¼dkWUojls‛ku½ okrkZyki

7. Leisure time¼yS‛kj+ VkbZe½ [kkyh le; 52. Usage ¼;wlst½ mi;ksx

8. Negligence ¼uSXyhtSUl½ ykijokgh 53. Ancient ¼,uf‛k,UV½ izkphu] iqjkuk

9. Dowry ¼Mkmjh½ ngts + 54. Island ¼vk;ySUM½ ,d }hi

10. Proposal ¼Ikzikts +y½ izLrko 55. Only ¼vksUyh½ dsoy

11. Would ¼oqM½ ,d lgk;d fØ;k gS 56. Hospitality¼gkWfLiVSfyVh½ esgeku uokth

12. Guardian ¼xkjfM;u½ vfHkHkkod 57. Vehicle ¼Okfgdy½ okgu] xkMh+

13. Pity ¼fiVh½ n;k 58. Enough ¼,uQ ;k buQ½ dkQh

14. Skill ¼fLdYk½ gquj] dkfcfy;r 59. Alarm ¼vykeZ½ ?kVa h

15. Least ¼yhLV½ lcls de 60. Sheep ¼‛khi½ HksM+

16. Seek ¼lhd½ <¡w<uk] dkfs ‛k‛k djuk 61. Ship ¼f‛ki½ tgkt

17. Cooperate¼dqvkWijVs ½ lg;ksx djuk 62. Project ¼izkStSDV½ izkStSDV

18. Obey ¼vkscs½ ikyu djuk 63. Seven ¼lSou½ lkr

19. Correspondence¼dkWjLikWUMSUl½i«kkpkj 64. Millionaire¼feyusvj½ y[kifr

20.Memory ¼eSejh½ ;kn] Le`fr 65. Billionaire ¼fcyuvs j½ djkMs +ifr

21.Quotient ¼dks‛kUs V½ HkkxQy 66. Towel ¼VkWoy½ rkSfy;k

22.Certain ¼ljVus ½ fuf‛pr 67. Bottle ¼ckWVy½ ckrs y

23.Recognize ¼jSdXukbt+½ igpkuuk 68. Deposit ¼fMikWft+V½ tek djuk

24.America ¼veSfjdk½ ,d ns‛k dk uke 69. Agree ¼vxzh½ lger gksuk

25.Portugal ¼ikSpZqxy½ ,d ns‛k dk uke 70. Restaurant¼jSLVªka½ jLs Vªka

26.Kerala ¼dSjyk½ ,d jkT; dk uke 71. Square ¼LD+oS;j½ oxkZdkj

27.Foreign ¼QkWjSu½ fon‛s k 72. Voice ¼okWbl½ vkokt+ ¼ltho dh½

28.Executive ¼bDtS+D;fVo½ izfrfuf/k] dk;Zdkjh 73. Sound ¼lkmUM½ vkokt+ ¼futhZo dh½

29.Employee ¼beIykWb½ deZpkjh 74. Oral ¼vksjy½ tqckuh ckr

30.Vision ¼fo‛k+u½ lkps ] n`f"Vdks.k 75. Confirmation¼dkWUQesZ‛ku½ iqf"V djuk

31.Favourite ¼QsojVs ½ lcls T;+ knk ilUn 76. Permanent¼ijekuSUV½ LFkk;h

32.Machine ¼e‛khu½ e‛khu 77. Rapport ¼jSik½s viuh izfr"Bk

33.Deodorant ¼fM;ksMªsUV½ ij¶;we 78. Driven ¼fMªou½ 3rd form of Drive

34.Success ¼lDlSl½ lQyrk 79. Psychology¼lkbdkWyth½ ekuo eu dk foKku

35. General ¼tSujy½ lk/kkj.k 80. Astrology¼,LVªkWyth½ T;ksfr"k ‚kkL«k

36.Possessive ¼it+sflo½ vf/kdkj le>uk 81. Biology ¼ckbvkWyth½ tho foKku

37.Departure ¼fMikpZj½ fdlh txg ls fudyuk 82. Social ¼lk‛s ky½ lkekftd

38. Bear ¼csvj½ fc;j tks ih tkrh gS 83. Wallet ¼okWysV½ cVqvk (of male)

39. Bear ¼csvj½ Hkkyw 84. Purse ¼ilZ½ cVqvk (of female)

40. Bear ¼fcvj½ lguk 85. Another ¼vunj½

41. Hour ¼vkoj ;k vkj½ ?kVa k nlw jk

42. Our ¼voj ;k vkj½ gekjk 86. Bad ¼cSM½ cqjk

43. Flour ¼¶ykWj½ vkVk 87. Bed ¼C;M½ fcLrj

44. Floor ¼¶yksj½ eafty] Q‛kZ 88. Annual ¼,suqvy½ lkykuk

45. The ¼n ;k nh½ ,d vkfVZdy gSA 89. Yours ¼;kls Z½ rqEgkjk

46

90. Escape ¼bLdsi½ cp fudyuk] Hkkx tkuk 96. Police ¼iqyhl½ iqfyl
97. Whistle ¼foly½ lhVh ctkuk
91. Liquor ¼fydj½ ‚kjkc 98. Wholesome¼gkys le½ ykHknk;d
99. Own ¼vksu½ viuk
92. Fidelity ¼fQMSfyVh½oQknkjh 100. Financial ¼QkbuSfU‛k;y½
foŸkh;
93. Use ¼;wt+½ iz;ksx djuk

94. Direction ¼fMjSD‛ku ;k Mk;jsD‛ku½ fn‛kk

95. Broom ¼czwe½ >kMw+

Exercise – VIII

1. Tourism ¼VwfjTke+ ½ i;ZVu 36. Women ¼fofeu½ ,d ls T;+ knk vkSjrsa

2. Wash ¼okW‛k½ /kksuk 37. Man ¼eSu½ ,d vkneh

3. Breakfast ¼czSdQLV½ lqcg dk Hkkts u 38. Men ¼E;u½ ,d ls T;+ knk vkneh

4. Feast ¼QhLV½ mRlo] nkor 39. Equal ¼bZDoy½ cjkcj] ,d tSlk

5. Shower ¼‛kkoj½ ckSNkj] Qqgkjk 40. Skull ¼Ldy½ [kksiM+h

6. Vein ¼osu½ ‚kjhj dh ul] jx 41. Violence ¼okW;ySUl½ fgla k

7. All ¼vkWy½ lc 42. War ¼okWj½ yM+kbZ] ;q)

8. Onion ¼vfu;u½ I;kt+ 43. Altogether¼vkWyVqxSnj½ iwjh rjg ls

9. Potato ¼iVSVk½s vkyw 44. Colleague¼dyhx½ lkFkh

10. Tomato ¼VeSVks½ VekVj 45. Tiny ¼Vk;uh½ cgqr NkVs k

11. Rainbow ¼jus cks½ bUnz/kuq"k 46. Chew ¼P;w½ pckuk

12. Relative ¼jSySfVo½ lxs laca/kh 47. Tap ¼VSi½ uy

13. Year ¼;h;j½ lky] o"kZ 48. Said ¼lsM½ dgk

14. Ear ¼bvj½ dku 49. Shade ¼‛kMs ½ Nk;k

15. Air ¼,;j½ gok 50. Sad ¼lSM½ nq[kh

16. Ocean ¼vksf‛ku½ egklkxj 51. Spread ¼LizSM½ QSykuk

17. Sure ¼‛;kSj½ iDdk 52. Honesty ¼vkWuSLVh½ bZekunkjh

18. Continuous¼dkWufVuqvl½ yxkrkj 53. Hesitate ¼gSt+hVVs ½ fgpfdpkuk

19. Everybody¼,sojhcMh½ gj dksbZ 54. Leave ¼yho½ NkMs +uk

20. Begin ¼fcfxu½ ‚kq# djuk 55. Die ¼Mk;½ ejuk

21. Began ¼fcxSu½ fcfxu dh nlw jh QkWeZ 56. Dye ¼Mkb½ flj ij yxkus okyk jax

22. Hide ¼gkbM½ fNiuk 57. Live ¼ykbo½ tks bl oDr gks jgk gks

23. Later ¼ysVj½ ckn esa 58. Live ¼fyo½ jguk

24. Letter ¼ySVj½ i«k 59. Namesake¼uselsd½,d tSlk uke okyk

25. Won ¼ou½ thrk 60. Handshake¼gSUM‛kds ½ gkFk feykuk

26. Want ¼okWUV½ pkguk 61. Appetite ¼,siSVkbV½ Hkw[k] vfHkyk"kk] bPNk

27. Adjacent¼,stlSUV½ cxy esa 62. Realize ¼fjvykbt+½ eglwl djuk

28. Alternative¼vkWYVjusfVo½ fodYi] nlw jk rjhdk 63. Scissors ¼lht+lZ½ dSaph

29. Percent ¼ijlSUV½ izfr‛kr 64. Talkative¼VkWdSfVo½ ckrwuh tks cgqr ckr djs

30. Associate¼vlksf‛k,V½ lg;ksxh] lk>snkj 65. During ¼M~;wfjax½ nkSjku

31. Career ¼dfj;j½ i‛s kk] Hkfo"; 66. Yet ¼;V½ vHkh rd] fQj Hkh

32. Towards ¼VqoMZl½ dh rjQ 67. Huge ¼g~;wt½ cgqr cM+k] fo‛kkydk;

33. Palm ¼ike½ gFksyh 68. Binoculars¼ckbukWdqylZ½ njw chu

34. Calf ¼dkQ½ xk; dk cPpk 69. Premises¼izSeSflt+½ ifjlj] nk;jk

35. Woman ¼oqeu½ ,d vkSjr 70. Hurt ¼gVZ½ nq[k igq¡pkuk] pksV igq¡pkuk

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71. Heart ¼gkVZ½ fny 86. Ointment¼vkWbUVeSUV½ ?kko dk ejge
72. Breed ¼czhM½ tUe nus k 87. Auspicious¼vkWfLi‛kl½ ‚kqHk
73. Bread ¼cSzM½ cSzM tks ge [kkrs gSa 88. Enigma ¼bfuXek½ igys h
74. Chapati ¼pikrh½ jksVh 89. Footfall ¼QqVQkWy½ dnekas dh vkokt+
75. Sweat ¼LoSV½ ilhuk vkuk 90. Bulge ¼cYt½ mHkjk gqvk
76. Sweet ¼LohV½ ehBk 91. Fatal ¼QsVy½ ?kkrd
77. Sweets ¼LohV~l½ feBkbZ 92. Consent ¼dUlSUV½ lgefr
78. Always ¼vkWYkost½+ ge‛s kk 93. Stampede¼LVSEihM½ HkxnM+
79. Puppet ¼iiSV½ dBiqryh 94. Indebted¼bUMSfVM½ dtZnkj] _.kh
80. Shiver ¼f‛koj½ dk¡iuk 95. Smile ¼Lekby½ eqLdqjkuk
81. Suppose ¼likts +½ ekuk] eku ykAs 96. Music ¼E;wft+d½ laxhr
82. Almost ¼vkWYeksLV½ yxHkx 97. School ¼Ldwy½ fo|ky;
83. Familiar ¼QSehfyvj½ igys ls gh tkudkjh gkus k 98. Saline ¼lykbu½ [kkjk
84. Occupy ¼vkWD;wik;½ ?kjs uk] vf/kdkj eas ys ysuk 99. Recipe ¼jSflih½ [kkus dk uqL[kk
85. Endeavor¼bfUM,oj½ iz;kl ;k iz;Ru djuk dkj dh dEiuh
100. Volkswagen¼QksDlosxu½

Exercise – IX

1. Acrid¼,sfØM½ [kkus esa dM+ok ;k LoHkko esa dM+ok 27. Avid ¼avfoM½ ykyp djuk

2. Betray¼fcVªs½ fo‛okl?kkr djuk ;k /kks[kk nus k 28. Deplete ¼fMIyhV½ [kkyh@de dj nsuk

3. Turmeric ¼VeZfjd½ gYnh 29. Forbid ¼QkWjfcM½ euk@fu"ks/k djuk

4. Prosperity ¼izkSLiSjVh½ vehjh 30. Anguish ¼,afXo‛k½ cgqr nq[k] osnuk

5. Disparity ¼fMLiSjVh½ i{kikr] vlekurk 31. Reign ¼jus ½ ‚kklu djuk

6. Obstinate ¼vkWfCLVusV½ vfM+;y ] ft+n~nh 32. Garnish ¼xkjfu‛k½ ltkuk

7. Keen ¼dhu½ mRlqd 33. Constitution¼dk¡fLVV~;‛w ku½lafo/kku

8. Coriander ¼dkWfj,Us Mj½ /kfu;k 34. Deduce ¼fMM~;wl½ fu"d"kZ fudkyuk

9. Arrogant ¼,sjxsUV½ ?kea aMh 35. Deluge ¼fMY;tw ½ ck<+

10. Dazzling ¼MSt+fyax½ pdkpkSa/k dj nsuk 36. Cabbage ¼dScSt½ iRrkxkHs kh

11. Dormitory¼MkWehZVfj½ fuokl LFkku] ‚k;ud{k 37. Vague ¼osx½ /kq¡/kyk

12. Dupe ¼M~;wi½ /kks[kk nsuk 38. Prohibit ¼izkfs gfcV½ euk@fu"ks/k djuk

13. Arid ¼vkfjM½ catj] lw[kk] uhjl 39. Flaw ¼¶ykW½ deh

14. Delude ¼fMY;Mw ½ /kks[kk nsuk 40. Fictitious¼fQfDV‛kl½ dkYifud

15. Guava ¼Xokok½ ve#n 41. Ginger ¼ftatj½ vnjd

16. Embellish ¼becSfy‛k½ ltkuk] laokjuk 42. Garlic ¼xkfyZd½ yglqu

17. Virulent ¼fo:ySUV½ izpUM 43. Agony ¼,sxuh½ cgqr nq[k ;k nnZ

18. Stumble ¼LVecy½ Bksdj yxuk] gdykuk 44. Theology¼fFk;kWyth½ /kkfeZd Kku

19. Stammer ¼LVSej½ gdykuk 45. Provoke ¼izkos kds ½ mdlkuk] HkMd+ kuk

20. Consequence¼dkWfUlDoSUl½ ifj.kke 46. Civilized ¼flfoykbT+M½ lH;

21. Abduct ¼,cMDV½ vigj.k djuk 47. Bliss ¼fCyl½ cgqr T+;knk [kq‛kh

22. Dorm ¼MkWeZ½ fuokl LFkku] ‚k;ud{k 48. Fascinate¼QSfLkusV½ cgqr [kq‛k dj nsuk

23. Carrot ¼dSjV½ xkt+j 49. Abrupt ¼,sCjIV½ vpkud] vdLekr

24. Radish ¼jSfM‛k½ ewyh 50. Splendid ¼LIySfUMM½ ‚kkunkj

25. Exhilarating¼,sfDt+yjsfVxa ½ [kq‛k djuk 51. Riot ¼jk;V½ nxa s

26. Bizarre ¼fct+kj½ vuk[s kk] cgqr gh cf<+;k 52. Flood ¼¶Y+ M½ ck<+

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53. Epigram ¼bfixze½ pqVdqyk 72. Phobia ¼Qkfs c;k½ Mj
54. Authentic ¼vkWFkSfUVd½ vlyh] fo‛oluh;
55. Apparent ¼,sijSUV½ tkfgj lh ckr] Li"Vr;k 73. Scrutinize ¼LØwfVukbt+½ tk¡puk ij[kuk
56. Barren ¼cSju½ catj
57. Captive ¼dSifVo½ canh 74. Refrain ¼fjÝsu½ ijgst+ djuk
58. Stubborn ¼LVcuZ½ ft+n~nh
59. Petrified ¼iSV~fjQkbM½ Mjk gqvk 75. Ravishing¼jSfof‛kax½ cgs rjhu
60. Cordial ¼dkWfMZ;y½ gkfnZd] Lusgi.w kZ
61. Unique ¼;wuhd+½ vuk[s kk] tcjnLr 76. Oath ¼vksFk½ ‚kiFk yus k
62. Massacre ¼eSlSdj½ gR;kdk.M] [kwu[kjkck
63. Outstanding¼vkmVLVSfUMax½ tcjnLr 77. Convivial ¼dUohfo;y½ feyulkj
64. Pinnacle ¼fiudy½ f‛k[kj] pkVs h] ‚kh"kZ
65. Conceited ¼dUlhfVM½ ?keMa 78. Dilemma ¼Mk;yek½ nqfo/kk] vleatl
66. Jovial ¼tksfo;y½ cgqr [kq‛k
67. Antique ¼,sUVhd½ izkphu] iqjkus le; dk 79. Haughty ¼gkWVh½ ?keMa h
68. Bitter ¼fcVj½ dM+ok
69. Infertile ¼bUQVkZby½ catj] lw[kk 80. Glitter ¼fXyVj½ pedus okyh pht+
70. Diversity ¼Mk;ofLkZVh½ fofo/krk] dbZ pht+ksa@/keksaZ
81. Obsolete ¼vkWClksyhV½ iz;ksx esa ugha
dk ,d lkFk gksuk
71. Hostage ¼gkWLVSt½ ca/kd] canh 82. Delusion ¼fMY;‛w ku+ ½ Hkze

83. Discord ¼fMLdkWMZ½ >xM+k] eueqVko

84. Debase ¼Mhcls ½ vieku djuk

85. Omnipotent¼vkes uhiksVsUV½ loZ‛kfDreku

86. Intercept ¼bUVjlSIV½ chp esa dkVuk

87. Terrified ¼VSfjQkbM½ Mjk gqvk

88. Curious ¼D;wfj;l½ mRlqd] ftKklw

89. Eclipse ¼bfDyIl½ xzg.k tSls lw;Z xzg.k

90. Adobe ¼vMkcs ½ dPpk edku

egku O;fDr;kas }kjk dgh xbZ ckrsa (Quotations)

1. Opportunities are not always given, but created.
volj ges‛kk feyrs ugha cfYd cuk;s tkrs gSaA

2. Winning isn‟t everything, but strong desire to win is.
thruk ugha cfYd thrus dh icz y bPNk djuk lcdqN gAS

3. Certain things catch your eyes, but you pursue only those that touch the heart.
dqN phta+s vkidh ut+jksa dks Hkkrh gaS ysfdu vki ihNk mUgha pht+ksa dk djrs gks tks vkids fny dks Nw ysA

4. Either write something worth reading or do something worth writing. (Benjamin
Franklin)

;k rks dqN ,slk fy[kks tks i<+us yk;d gks] ;k fQj dqN ,slk djks tks fy[kus yk;d gksA ¼caStfeu ÝSadfyu½

5. Don't let the fear of losing be greater than the excitement of winning.
gkjus ds Mj dks thrus dh [kq‛kh ls T+;knk er c<u+ s nksA

6. If you think of something difficult, that means you have not understood it well.
vxj vkidks dqN efq ‛dy yxrk gS] rks bldk ;gh eryc gS fd vkius mls <xa ls le÷kk ughaA

7. Dream big and dare to fail.
cM+k liuk ns[kks vkSj gkj lgus dh fgEer j[kksA

8. The only way to do great work is to love what you do. (Steve Jobs)
egku dk;Z djus dk flQZ ,d gh rjhdk gS] vki tks Hkh djks mls fny ls djksA ¼LVho tkWCl½

49

Lesson – 5

WH Family (WH ifjokj)

WH Family ds vUrZxr os ‚kCn vkrs gSa ftueas W vkSj H v{kjksa dk iz;kxs gksrk gS rFkk ftUgsa izk;% iz‛u
iwNus gsrq iz;kxs fd;k tkrk gSA ;s ‚kCn gSa & What, When, Where, Whose, Who, How,
Whom, Why o Which.

bl pSIVj eas ;s ‚kCn vkSj buds iz;kxs ds lkFk cus vf/kdrj iz;kxs esa vkus okys ‚kCn lewg fn;s x;s gSa ftUgsa
vPNh rjg ;kn dj yhft, rkfd vkus okys ikBksa eas vki budk iz;kxs vklkuh ls le÷k ik;asA
vki bu ‚kCnksa o ‚kCn lewgksa dk mPpkj.k vkWfM;ks yDS pj ds ek?;e ls lqfu;sA

,d ckr vkSj] tSlk fd igys mnkgj.k eas fn;k x;k gS „What‟ dk vFkZ gS „D;k ‟ ;k „tks ‟] vkids eu esa
,d ckr vk;sxh fd „What‟ dk vFkZ gS „D;k‟ ] ;s ckr rks eq÷ks irk gS] ij „What‟ dk ,d vkSj vFkZ gS
„tks‟ ] ;s ckr dqN le÷k ugha vk;hA rF; ;g gS fd tc „What‟ dk iz;kxs fdlh iz‛uokpd okD; esa fd;k
tkrk gS rks ogk¡ ij „What‟ dk vFkZ gksrk gS „D;k ‟ vkSj tc „What‟ dk iz;ksx „Conjunction‟
dh rjg gksrk gS rks „What‟ dk vFkZ gksrk gS „tks ‟A vc vki lkps sxa s fd „Conjunction‟ D;k gS! tc
vki „Conjunction‟ pSIVj i<+asxs] lc le÷k vk tk;xs kA /kS;Z jf[k;]s fQygky bUgsa vPNh rjg ;kn dj
ysAa

WH Family words are those, which comprise the letters “W” & “H” and used
primarily in Interrogative sentences. These are: What, When, Where, Whose,
Who, How, Whom, Why and Which.

WH family words & related group of words given in this lesson must be learnt by
heart. Listen to its pronunciation too.

In the very first example, you can see two different meanings of „What‟; one is „D;k
‟ and another one is „tks ‟. Fact is, when „What‟ is used in interrogative sentences,
it‟s meaning is „D;k ‟ but when „What‟ is used as a conjunction, it‟s meaning is „tk‟s .
You will be taught about „Conjunctions‟ in detail a bit later.

1. What okWV ¼oV½ D;k] tks
2. Why ok; D;ksa
3. When oSu dc] tc
4. Where o;s j dgk¡] tgk¡
5. How gko dSls
6. Who gw dkSu] tks ¼fdlh O;fDr+ ds fy,½
7. Which fop dkSu lk] tks ¼fdlh pht+ ds fy,½
8. Whose gtw + fdldk] ftldk
9. Whom gwe fdls] fdlls] fdldks
10. How many gko eSuh fdrus (ftUgas fxuk tk ldrk gS)
11. How much gko ep fdruk (ftUgas fxuk ugha tk ldrk)
12. Until when vfa Vy oSu dc rd

50