Mihyon Jeon Kyoungrok Ko Daehee Kim Yujeong Choi Ahrong Lee
NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London Beginner Level Mihyon Jeon Kyoungrok Ko Daehee Kim Yujeong Choi Ahrong Lee
© University of Toronto Press 2020 Toronto Buffalo London utorontopress. com Printed in Canada ISBN 978-1-4875-2605-4 (paper) ISBN 978-1-4875-3876-7 (PDF) All rights reserved. The use of any part of this publication reproduced, transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or stored in a retrieval system, without prior written consent of the publisher - or in the case of photocopying, a licence from Access Copyright, the Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency - is an infringement of the copyright law. We welcome comments and suggestions regarding any aspect of our publications - please feel free to contact us at news@utorontopress.com or visit us at utorontopress.com. Publication cataloguing information is available from Library and Archives Canada. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council, an agency of the Government of Ontario. This work was supported by Core University Program for Korean Studies through the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and Korean Studies Promotion Service of the Academy of Korean Studies (AKS-2018-OLU-2250001). Canada Council Conseil des arts for the Arts du Canada Funded by the Government of Canada Canada Q ONTARIO ARTS COUNCIL CONSEIL DES ARTS DE L'ONTARIO an Ontario government agency un organisme du gouvernement de !'Ontario
Preface 7 Components 8 Characters 10 Lesson Table 11 Lesson 1 ~~ 13 Lesson 2 'l!"~ otJ.11.H? 13 CH .2.~ 1 CH.2.~ 2 Lesson 3 qgEtgOtl ~Ot.H. 43 CH .2.~ 1 CH.2.~ 2 Lesson 4 l:fl~W ~ 0 2.1 7t.H. 57 CH .2.~ 1 CH.2.~ 2 Lesson 5 ~2t~.2.7t ¥-1011.H? 73 CH .2.~ 1 CH.2.~ 2 Lesson 6 01~11 01CIOII ~01.H? 87 CH .2.~ 1 CH.2.~ 2 Lesson 7 XI~ a¥ot.:il ~01.H. 103 CH .2.~ 1 CH.2.~ 2 Lesson 8 A?tlOIE 'M * ~01.H? 119 CH.2.~ 1 CH.2.~ 2 Lesson 9 ~~ gs2Pt ~RoHR. CH.2.~ 1 CH.2.~ 2 Lesson 10 ~il~.!c.OII 7t ¥101.H. 151 CH.2.~ 1 CH.2.~ 2 Appendices 135 Vocabulary List 1 : by lesson 166 Vocabulary List 2: in alphabetical order 182 Answer Key 198 Listening Script 204 English Translation 212 Conjugation Table 220
NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1 is designed for Korean language learners at the secondary and post-secondary education levels and for independent selfstudy adult learners. It is available in both paper and digital formats. The softcover book version is for users who prefer the traditional printed page, while the digital version accommodates the needs of tech-savvy learners and offers the benefits of a lower price, easy portability and convenient access. In addition, the digital form includes automatic grading, integrated multimedia and diverse online resources. NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1 presents learning goals and best practices lessons developed by professors with extensive KSL/KFL teaching experience in Canadian and Korean universities. The collaborative authors brought their expertise from the fields of Korean Education as a Second La nguage (KSL), Korean Education as a Foreign Language (KFL), and Educational Linguistics to the development of lessons that reflect a realistic use of the language relevant to both high school students and adults. The classroom-tested lessons in NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1 will guide students to effective and efficient learning of the Korean language and an appreciation of the Korean culture. The book is presently available in Canada and North America. We hope that NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1 will be widely used to support the teaching and learning of the Korean language in a fun and effective way. 7
NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1 is comprised of ten Lessons. It is recommended that 8-10 hours be devoted to each Lesson for a total of approximately 80- 100 hours. Lesson 1 introduces the fundamentals of t he Korean alphabet. The remaining Lessons contain the following components: ✓ Introduction ✓ Conversation 1 ✓ Grammar Points ✓ Listening and Speaking 1 ✓ Reading and Writing 1 ✓ Conversation 2 ✓ Grammar Points ✓ Listening and Speaking 2 ✓ Reading and Writing 2 ✓ Korean Culture Just for Fun Introduction Each Lesson begins with an introductory illustration, warm-up activities, and learning objectives. Conversation Each Lesson includes two sets of conversations in real-life settings. Each conversation provides a va riety of expressions, vocabulary, and grammar that are necessary to communicate successfu lly in Korean. The accompanied practice section allows learners to practice exchanging experiences and ideas. Audio files are available to help learners practice listening, speaking, and pronunciation. 8 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
Grammar Points Each Lesson covers five to six grammar points divided into two sections. Each grammar point includes concise explanations followed by two sets of practice questions. In the paper version, answer keys are provided at the end of the book. In the e-book version, learners can check the answer keys each time they answer a question. • Listening and Speaking Each Lesson contains two sets of listening and speaking sections. Each section presents one to three listening passages followed by comprehension questions. The subsequent speaking section offers learners an opportunity to apply their listening and speaking skills to a variety of communicative settings. • Reading and Writing Each Lesson contains two sets of reading and writing sections. Each section has a reading passage through which learners develop skills to comprehend the passage and discover how t he new vocabulary, expression and grammar points previously learned are used in the context. Each reading text is accompanied by comprehension questions. This section also includes a task to help learners develop writing skills. Korean Culture At the end of each Lesson, students are provided with the opportunity to learn about Korean culture and to make a comparison to their own culture. Topics are relevant to each Lesson so that learners can expand their cultural knowledge in relation to what they learn during class. Just for Fun introduces fun activities related to Korean language and culture. 9
.7 IXI o:i □ 0 (Jiyeong Kim) Korean teacher, Korean XilLIIIi -fd (Jennifer Kim) 2nd year in university, Korean-American qLI~ =A: IE (Daniel Schmidt) 4 th year student, German 1 Q NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1 Xi A~ O~'a°A (Justin Adams) 1 st year in university, Canadian 2o~DJI c: qAil2.I (Mohammed Naseri) 3rd year in university, Iranian ~2.IO~-tJ-£A {Maria Santos) Grade 11, Filipino 1::111::11<2!- 1!! {Vivian Chen) 2 nd year in university, Chinese Ol'2.!2 (Minho Lee) 3rd year in university, Korean £Ll£'r!A (Tony Robbins) Grade 12,Australian
Lesson Topic Function Vocabulary Grammar Culture • Reading Korean vowels and • Korean vowel sounds and letters con son ants accurately Korean • Korean consonant sounds and letter Essential l ~ • Building Korean syllables in alphabet , Syllable block building expressions accu rate order • Reading Korean words • Basic pronunciation rules , Nl 2/e N20IOIIR/ClllR Nl =N2 2 '2.f'aiJof-'ilR? • Greeting Country, • Yes/No question Greetings in • Self-introduction occupation • Nl2/e N2Dlj7fOfLIOIIR Nl *N2 Korea • -.'i:. vs. -2/e: Markers for comparison • Making basic sentences in • -01.2/0fR Informal poUte end·1ng • Vowel contractions in polite forms 3 cfgqgoi1 informal settings Activities, • [Place]OII/OIIAi : Location markers Useof-'?-2.l in ~OfR • Expressing location of an location • [Place]OII VOlR Expressing location Korean entity • -Dl/7f: Subject marker • -:il ,:,Jcf: Expressing desire • -(2)co1 7fcf: Go/come in order to 1::1 1~~ ~ 2_2,~ • Ordering food (do something) Korean Dining 4 7fR • Making polite commands Food, place • -J:IR?: Seeking agreement Etiquette • Making negative statements • '2!/Ef!:: Negation •-£/~: Object makers • -(2)-'ilR Polite req uest/command • Counting numbers • Numeric system I: Sino-Korean numbers 5 '2jQf\'j,:,,7f • Making an appointment Numbers, days • [time]OII: Time marker Korean Age %1011.2? • Buying goods of the week • Numerk system II: Native Korean numbers • Counting un'its • -~01 R/VOlR Past events • -of:il: With/and Ethnic 6 Oj Xii Oj Cl OIi • Expressing past events Transportation, • - (2).s:'.: By means of ne·1ghborhoods :;:_tOjR? • Talking about transportation seasons • -!i'.cf (Ci) and Xii~ : Comparatives and superlatives in Seoul , AOIIA1 B7Jf XI: from [place A] to [place BJ • -(2)-'ilR Honorific expression • Describing progressive •-:il Vcf:Action in progress How to address 7 AIE~.'=f-'5~.=i:! events Family, • -XI~: But/although people ·1 n VOlR • Using honorific forms weekend plan • -(2) 2 71ClllR Future events • Describing cause and effect • -OlAi /OfAi: Because Korean • -:il: And • -(2) 2 * '.(icf/'i;/Cf: Can/cannot • Asking hobbies • -01/0f 9cf: To do something for someone c:::;>IIOl!s. • Expressing ability • -L1IR Surprise or admiration Popular 8 ~ * 5j0i£:? • Expressing obligation and Hobb·1es • -(2) 2 ~ ~ cf/ 2.~Cf: To know/not know how hobbies in to do Korea necessity • -(2) 2 7/fR?: Asking someone's opinion • -010(/0fof £I cf: Obligation/necessity • Describing items and • -(2)co1:il ofcf: Intention or plan colours • -(2) L : Noun-modifying form (Adjective) ~Bg§Qf7f • Making use of shopping- Shopp·1ng, • -01/0f !i'.AilR Making suggest·1ons Shopping in 9 ll)RtHR related expressions colours, • -L/2/eCil: Background information Korea • Talking about future plans clothing items • -01.'i:./Of .'i:. £1 cf: Seeking/giving permission • Making suggestions • ~cf/-::.!cf /""cf /0fcf/7il cf/;t cf/ Di lcf/ H cf: To wear • Talking about experiences • -01/0f '&OlR Past experien ce Xil9 .'i:.OII • Listing events in a temporal •-:il lfAi:Afterdoingsometh·1ng Getting around 10 order Travel • ~OjRmLilR (You/It) must be 7f '&OlR • Describing items/people • -(2) 2 ITII: When, while in Korea with verbs • -e: Noun-modifying form (verbs) 11
Lesson
.................................................................................................................................... Have you ever learned other languages before? Why do you want to learn Korean? Discuss what you know about the Korean language. @" Reading Korean vowels and consonants @" Building Korean syllables in the correct order Reading Korean words M!Zt®m)HIN Korean alphabet M@l11i1161M Korean vowel sounds and letters Korean consonant sounds and letters Syllable block building Basic pronunciation rules &;M@l,Ciilliiihj Essential Expressions 14 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
Vowels ~ Simple Vowels Hangul is the name of the Korean alphabet. It was created in 1443 by King Sejong and his royal scholars. Like the English alphabet, Hangul consists of letters that represent vowel sounds and consonant sounds. A vowel is a necessary part of the Korean syllable structure. There are eight simple vowels and thirteen diphthongs. The pronunciation, similar sound in English, and graphical representation in Hangul of the eight simple vowels are shown in the table below. When a syllable begins with a vowel, the silent consonant letter o is written before the vowel. Sound* Similar Sound Hangul Letter I With silent o in English a arm r 0~ 0 saw ~ Oi 0 mQW __L 2. LI moon 0 T T u p_!Jt - 0 - i bee I 01 ae -~_pple H OH e gvery ~I OJI * Using the McCune-Reischauer Romanization System Les9Jn 1 ~ 15
.................................................................................................................................... Practice reading and writing simple vowels while keeping the basic stroke order: left to right and top to bottom. Vowel Vowel Stroke Writing Practice Sound Letter Order a ~ 't~r z; ~ 0 ~ c-iT w ~ 0 ...L 1L (t--~ _j_ u r~;------=a,. T lr y T Li - ------➔ - i I 11 I ae H (?n(r J J H e ~I c-- t 1r ~I 16 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
.................................................................................................................................... Diphthongs By combining a simple vowel with a semivowel that has a y or w sound, diphthongs can be made. There are a total of 13 diphthongs in Korean. Six of the eight simple vowels can be combined with the semivowel y to create six diphthongs. The diphthong letters are graphically created by adding one additional short stroke to the simple vowels } , -l , _i.., ,, B , and 1]. Semivowely + Simple Vowels r a F ya 1 0 ~ yo ...L 0 .il yo y + ➔ T LI TT yu H ae ~ yae ii e ~I ye Five of the eight simple vowels can be combined with the semivowel w to create six diphthongs. The diphthong letters are graphically created by combining the semivowel w with the simple vowels } , -l, l, B, and 11. The semivowel w sound is represented as _i.. when it is combined with the bright vowels } and B . It is represented as , when it is combined with the dark vowel -l and 11. When the semivowel w sound is combined with the neutral vowel l, two different diphthongs can be created using each of the semivowel w graphic representations, _i.. or,. Semivowel w + Simple Vowels r a ...L + r =.i..f wa 1 0 ,+, =-r-l WO w + I ➔ ...1../, + I = ..1.-I/TI we/wi H ae ...L + H = .J..H woe ii e T + ii = T~I we One more combination of vowels creates the final diphthong. Combining the simple vowel - with the simple vowel l creates the diphthong ~' which is pronounced as ui. Les9Jn1 ~ 17
.................................................................................................................................... 1 Practice reading and writing diphthongs while keeping the basic stroke order: left to right and top to bottom. Vowel Vowel Stroke Writing Practice Sound Letter Order ,·,, ~ ~ IC : --➔ ya 'i' --➔ ,s yo ~ "'~~T ~ >) (t- ~ yo .1l 'ii IT J..L. ,J'.-------~ ----► yu lT rnr V V TT ~ •,'l 'f M yae ~ ~ J -3 ye ~I ,:" (t--➔ i T i ~I .L~ wa ,, ~ .1L ~ ...L· -----➔ ',! WO n ,~ l -r= 18 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
...•.............•......•.•...........•.....•..•..•......•..•........•..•..•..••.•..............•..•.•..•...•........•.....•......•. Vowel Vowel Stroke Writing Practice Sound Letter Order we ...1..I -::-1r ~~- ~ · _._ wi Tl ,:,----> IT ,J rr- ¥ T .~. ,;;;, woe .1.H iHi ,] I:; -~ J.. ~~,• •,~) TI we T~I ·~~m111 ,._,_. ui -I 1·1· ~ I, - _..,----;;,. - - 2 Choose the vowel that you hear. 1) D ~ D i • 2) D.L D-r 3) D- D I 4) D ~ D ~ 5) D .ll. D 1T 6) D ~ D.L 7) D i D-r 8) D-r D9) D ~ D ~ 10) D i D ~ 11) D ...1.. D.ll. 12) D T DTI" 13) D ...1.. D i Lesson 1 ~ 19
Consonants Consonants When King Sejong and his royal scholars designed the consonant letters, they considered the shape of the speech organs, that is, the tongue, gum-ridge, lips, tooth, and throat. These are represented as the basic consonants 7, L, o, A, and o, from which the remaining fourteen consonants are derived by adding extra strokes. As demonstrated in the table below, each letter is designed according to the speech organ involved in articulation of the sound of the letter. 5 Basic Consonants 14 derived consonant Speech letters and sounds Organs Sound Pictures of Letter Plain Aspirated Tensed Speech Organs Back of the ( tongue/ k ~\ 7 =i (k') 11 (kk) soft palate \ -~ Tongue tip/ ) C (t) E (t') [[ (tt) n ~~\ L gum-ridge ~;,~ 2 ( r, I) Lips m \ ) □ tJ (p) Il (p') tltl (pp) ~ ) M (ss) Teeth s )S1\ A x (ch) :t (ch') AA (tch) \ -~ \ Throat ng ~l 0 "5 (h) The names of the consonant letters contain two syllables. The first one consists of the consonant plus the vowel 1 (e.g., El) and the second syllable the vowel - followed by the consonant (e.g., ~). Putting the two syllables together forms the name of the letter E (El~). Since the second syllable does not begin with a consonant, it is necessary to insert the silent o before the vowel -· While the names of '7,' 'c,' and 'A' in Korean do not follow the regular pattern (7]Q:j, q ~-, and J.1*), the regularized names of the letters can alternatively be used (71 ~, 9 ,g, J.j J). 20 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
.................................................................................................................................... 1 Practice reading and writing consonants while keeping the basic stroke order: left to right and top to bottom. I Stroke Sound Letter Name Order Writing Practice k 7 71<?:1 71 n L LI~ (•L ~-- :· ·-➔ t C. CIE T•- C --,. (• -il r, I 2 2.1~ ,,a L= m □ I~ '-~-~ -> l p l:::::t t!I:; 1. ~ (~:- > s A ,q~ ~ /i,"' 0,ng 0 01~ ·O ''•i7 ch .X :XI~ ~ "" ch' ~ -10 ~ 7 A -=- :,c ~ Les9Jn 1 ~ 21
.............•.••..•..•.................••..............•.....•.....•.•......•.•...........•.......•.......•....•.•.....•....••.•..• Sound Letter Name Stroke Writing Practice Order k' =1 71~ ''":il ;;f fl',-....;,. t' E El~ Tfiti ((~ p' II Ill~ ~-, ,·~· ,,~ h 0 -=-10 05 ff~ .z.. (0 kk T7 Mf 7 I O:t 0 -, fll ff~ (:(~ tt [[ Mf[l.:::I. 0 c::: ,g: pp 1±1 Mfl::!12 0 cl '''88''" t . i (:';.;_,. (f..;_,.. ss M Mf,\j.2 0 A a ,,¥ . ~ tch "J:J... MfJ:12. 0 :><:: D 2 Choose the syllable that you hear. 1) □ q ct □ 2.t • 2) □ 2.t □ Ot xt 3) □ Jt □ :Jt m 4) ~ ~ ~ 5) ~ D -W ~ 6) ~ ~ ~ 7) □ J;:t xt O lq 8) ~ ~ ~ 22 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
Syllable Blocks - Syllable Block Building When writing in Korean, letters form a syllable block. There are two types of syllable block structures in Korean writing. The first is the combination of an initial consonant and a vowel (e.g., y-). The other is the combination of an initial consonant, a vowel, and a final consonant (e.g., ig-). The position of the initial consonant depends on the shape of the vowel in the syllable. If the vowel contains a long vertical line such as ~, F, ~, ~ , I , and H, the consonant is located at the left side of the vowel (e.g., II~). If the vowel contains a long horizontal line such as ...1.., .ll, , , and TT, the consonant is placed on top of the vowel (e.g., :5:). --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -'---------------------- If the vowel is a diphthong with both a long vertical and long horizontal lines such as 2~, %1, 21, and 2~, the consonant is placed at the upper left corner of the syllable (e.g., it~). a In the second type of structure, the position of the final consonant is below the initial consonant and the vowel (e.g., ~, .;;-, :@). In either type of structure, if the syllable does not have an initial consonant, the letter o becomes the initial letter. But the letter o in that position is silent. It is a place holder for consistency of syllable structure (e.g., ~). Les9Jn1 ~ 23
.................................................................................................................................... 1 Fill in each box with a syllable consisting of a consonant and a vowel. 2;; ~ F ~ ~ ...1... .il I :q;; T TT - 7 Ji 7 - - - 7 l T - L C: 2 □ 1::::1 A. 0 A ~ ==, E Il 0 24 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
.................................................................................................................................... 2 Write down the following words in Hangul. k'o mu kae mo.cha p'o.to ra.myon son.saeng.nim Lesson 1 ~ 25
Pronunciation rules Resyllabification When a syllable with a final consonant is followed by a syllable that begins with a vowel, such as tl-o], the sound of the final consonant becomes the initial consonant sound of the following syllable. Therefore, tl-o] would be pronounced as q followed by ~- E.g., ?J".Q."'il.£.[~7-1-i].Rl, ~oj Y-"'il.£.[0 1 i=4Y-"'il.£.l, 0 1;; 0 1[0 12 ul] Syllable final closure When a syllable with a final consonant is at the end of a word or is followed by a syllable that begins with a consonant, such as * or -3l]AJ, the speech organs should be closed to make the sound for the final consonant. Only the consonants 7, L, c, 2, o, B, and o have closed sounds, so the pronunciation of the other consonants is changed to one of the following closed sounds. Syllable final consonant Pronunciation =l 77 II E,A..MX.7-o [c:] Double consonant reduction Consonant clusters, such as "fr" or "str" in English, do not exist in Korean speech. So in a syllable where two consonant letters appear together in the final consonant position, such as "'it, one of the two is not pronounced. Due to the complexity of standard pronunciation rules, it is recommended to be familiarized with the pronunciation of individual words. E. g., "'it[~], o:Jil[o:J~l. ?J-q[~u:J-l. filq[~u:J-l. Slq[~u:J-l Aspiration When a plain consonant (7, c, B , .::z.) comes before or after the consonant ti, they combine and form a consonant that has a sound made by an exhaling breath ( =i, E, II, 3:.). 26 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
.................................................................................................................................... 1 Choose the correct pronunciation. 1) ~DI CD [igJOI] @ [l::lfl::IIJ 2) ~.2. -,2 CD [t H~l @ [~~] 3) ~on CD [~OJI] @ [q111] 4) ~ 0 J.1IR CD [c:: 2 J..11.9-] @ [~ OJ..11.9-] 5) ~DI CD [11;:i::I] @ [11-"ll 6) t:I Di "'T"=I CD [.!?-Q:j] @ [.!¥~ ] 7) 01.2. n:2 CD [OI ~] @ [OI~] 8) ot n: CD [~ l @ [~] 9) El~ CD [El;;] @ [Elg ] 10) ~OlR CD [ftOi.9-] @ [7f.Uj_9_] 2 Choose the correct pronunciation. 1) ?4" 0 J.1IR CD ['2)-XJ..11.9-] @ ['2)-LJ..11.9-] 2) c.t CD [~] @ [~] i!l 3) 01q i!.1 CD [~[[r] @ [<21 [[[] 4) op:.-l i!H CD [o:j '§] @ [o:j EJ] 5) L10j0 i!II ..... CD ['aOi.9-l @ ['@tlj.9-] 6) DiOjO 11A ..... CD [~.Uj.9-] @ [~Oi.9-] 7) ttH,2.p~-1 -, Cl CD [i!tlof~l @ [tJH:i!f~l 8) ~AIR CD [~?t] @ [~;:i::l.9-] 9) cu go~J.1IR CD [CH qrrf J..11.9-] @ [CH grrf J..11.9-] 10) Ol ~Jfl CD [ Oi CfioH] @ [Oi [[jJ-Jll Les9Jn 1 ~ 27
Essential Expressions Greetings & Courtesies ✓ <2!"'aoP,11B.. Hello. • ✓ <2!"'aol l-ll,1.1IB.. Good-bye. (to the person who is staying) ✓ <2!"'aol 7~,i.ilB.. Good-bye. (to the person who is leaving) ✓ ~2.jlg!-Llq. Excuse me. ✓ f:l",A_~gl"Llq. / .:il~~Llq. Thank you. ✓ 1<2)-gl-Llq. / ~l§gl"Llq. I am sorry. ✓ ~OjAi ~l§gl"Llq. I am sorry for being late . Classroom Expressions ✓ ~~OjB.. Good job! • ✓ t'J0 ,i.ilB.. Please sit down. ✓ ~Ojq,1.1IB.. Please stand up. ✓ ~iOi !i!_,i.ilB.. Please read. ✓ [q2.~ o~AilB.. Repeat after me. ✓ ~ ~ 0 ,i.ilB.. Listen carefully. ✓ oH !i!_,i.ilB.. Please try it. ✓ q;_1 oH !i!_,i.ilB.. Please try it again. ✓ q.2_,1.1IB.. Please come out here. ✓ ~Oj7~,1.1IB.. Please go back to your seat. 28 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
Lesson
.................................................................................................................................... "Good morning!", "Good afternoon!", and "Good evening!" English speakers have different expressions for greeting people depending on the time of the day. Do you know how Korean people greet each other? !¥1;,11,J;i·lUtWMti ~ Greeting 0 Self-introduction M!Zlftjtfflfiii■ Country, occupation Mrit\111,,6\M N1 ~/~ N20I0ll.9./0ll.9.: N1 =N2 Yes/No question N1 ~/~ N20I/7~ 0~LIOll.9.: N1 =1=N2 -~ vs. -~/~: Markers for comparison 1MMiikitiOIMI Greetings in Korea 30 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
Al~ 7~49- J-}i§-0loJl.R. Al~~~ J-}i§-0 l oJl.R. AP-t:! ~ 1-@~l-J-il.R. 7.7 ~ 7.7 A~~ 11 ct. 0 l ~ 0 l ¥-1011.R? ~ .2. ~ 1-@ ~l-J-il.R. 7.1 ~ 0 l ~-2.. ~ 11 ct. AP• t:! ~-2.. »-1 ~ %~ 1-l-'¥:f0 l Oil.R? ~ .2. 0 1-11.R, 7.7~ t.R 1-l-'¥:f0 l0il.R. AiAt:! 7.7~ 7'flL}ctJ-l-'¥:f0 lOil.R. lfr{f~11ct. □ X1 (q) I □ J.q Mr., Ms. □ .A.~EJ person □ 1Hqq Canada □ ~2.IJtl the Philippines ❖ Practice the dialogue with the cue words. D Ol-gOI ¥-IOU.B.? What is your name? 0 3~China ~~Korea □ ~ftq to be glad (to meet) □ OI~ Iran <2.t'ao~tilR Ai~ @ ~Liq. Ai~ @ NEJOIOJIR @: ~2.10~ 2.0~11J1c • @: 1gj 2.l it! 01~ Lesson 2 '2.!1aofA1l.9.? 31
.................................................................................................................................... • Ai~ ±JIIO~OllR • AfA·\::I::'. .1Hqq Ar'ENIOJIR • ~2. 0~ ,1,,q ~ ~2.I~ Ar'E:J"O IOJIR ■ The equational expression, where two nouns are involved, is the most basic sentence structure in Korean. The first nou n is followed by a topic marker-<;:_/~ and the second nou n is followed by the copula -OIOll.1::?./():jlR The topic marker -<;:_ /e indicates that the preceding noun is the topic of the sentence. D ~ -? Australia □ ~B Hong Kong □ ~{lj student ■ -<;:_ is attached to a consonant-ending noun and-~ to a vowel-ending noun. ■ The copula -OIOll.1::?./():jl.1::?. is equivalent to English 'to be' (am, are, and is). -010112 is attached to a consonant-ending noun and -Oji.I::?. is attached to a vowel-ending noun. 1 Choose the correct answer. 2 Choose the correct answer. 2) Ai~ ttl ttl~( Olotl.9. / Oll.9. ). 3) Ai~ X11Lllli( 01011.e. / Oll.9. ). 32 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
.................................................................................................................................... • J:i,A-t:1 Ml:= 1Hqq ,1-riaOIO!IR - J:iA\::I Ml:= 1Hqq AfiaO 10!12-7 • ~2- Ml:= CH~~OIO!IR - ~2-MI:= CH~~OIO!l27 ■ A statement ending with a period is pronounced with a falling intonation. ■ Adding a question mark makes a statement a yes/ no question. Yes/no questions end in a rising intonation. ■ To answer a yes/no question, if the statement is true, say Lil/Oji. If not, say OfLIR university student □ I~ Ire United States D ~g Japan D ~j,"!Of Russia i!.E~~ high scrool student 1 Match the questions in the left column with the answers in the right. 2 Talk with your classmates using the cues. #71 (~g) A: -~Pl Ml:= ~g ,!__faOIOJI£? B: L:JI . #71 Ml:= ~g AfaOIOJIR Lesmn 2 'r/\allofJ.119.? 33
1 Listen to the narration and choose the correct answer. 1) ~.2.:: ~~ .,qiaOlotlR? • (1) Lll, '21~ .,q~OIOllR <;2) Lll, ~~ .,q~OIOJIR (3) Lll, ~~ .,q~OIOJIR 2) 2.o.otl'=:: I~ ,qiaOlotlR? • 0) OrLIH, OI~ 1q~OIOJIR (2) orLIH, II~A .,q~oI011R (3) orLIH, lfjlE\::t ,Af~oI011R 3) t:1lt:1l'2.!"::'. 5~ A.iaOlotlR? • 0) Lll, EH~ ,Af~OIOJIR (2) OrLIH, ~ ,Af~OIOllR (3) 011, 3~ Af~OIOJIR f'l'f'f'l'l'I' □ \:1.5:. India □ ~~ Ge1111any □ .!!%/~ France □ llil.§. 'a Vietnam □ E/1~ Thailand □ 'i1!~ England 2 Ask your classmates their names (Ol~OI ¥-!OHR?) and nationalities using a yes/no question (e.g., 1HLfCf AfEl"OIOIIR?). DI;; (name) ~~ (nationality) 34 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
1 Read the following text and connect each person with the corresponding national flag. • <2.J-'aofAil£7 Ai~ AiAt:IOIOll£. 1HLfq AffilOIOll£. ~~Oi -tl~'a2 fJAl<i!3 -tl~'aOIOll£. 1::Jl1::Jl<2.J-2 3~ f-ffilOIOll£. 2of0jl c ~ o lt:r AffilO IOllR '2.1.2.~ ~~ AffilO IOllR 2) t:1lt:1l'l!" 4) '2..!.2. 2 Write sentences about which country your parents are from. ~2.1 Ofl::JiAI~ W2.ilOlf-lOf AffilOIOllR ~2.1 OiDiLI~ .2.~AffilOIOllR l'l'l'l'l'l'I' the Korean language D {:!~ 'a teacher D ~2.I my (our). we □ 0(tlp:1 father □ ~NI0l}..10( Malaysia D OjOjLI mother Lesson 2 '2!~of..l.11.9.? 35
The picture below is a famous painting from Korea. Have an open discussion about the painting, the figures, their costumes, the time and place it is set in. The title of the painting is "The Seodang," which is the term for a traditional Korean village school. Kim. Hong- do. (The Seodang). 1745. 36 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
~~oj ~;_]~0 1°11.R.. 1:111:11'<l-0 1 °11.R.. 2"Q.}\:! 0 1°11.R.. f:!AI~ ~l@i>'l-J-il.R? Al~ 7tJA1~ 0 loJl.R. ~R~ ,tl-"J1a 0 loJl.R. 0 1~ 0 11f-1oj].R? ~1~1<21' Al~ tJltJl~0 loJ].R. ~y-1-7 ~:q~yq_ f:!AI~ tJltJl~ »-1~ l"Q:}\:! 0 loJ].R? D rt!"lrA1 'r.!°f:t"EfLlq. I'm glad to meet you. D 1 Q{i;:! first-year (student) D 3Q{i;:! third-year (student) ❖ Practice the dialogue with the cue words. @ ~ @ OIOJIR D 2Q{i;:! second-year (student) D 4Q{i;:! fourth-year (student) • @: 2.o~Djl c @: 3Qj-'.::! J:ilLIIIi 2Qj-'.::! Lesson 2 '2J1aofA11.9.? 37
.................................................................................................................................... • ~;:I~ .u1:= ~~0I 0~LIOJIR • ~0 ~::'. 2-l>Vr 0~LIOJIR ■ -Ol/7r OrLIOllf?. is used for a negative equational expression, which means 'not to be.' ■ -OI is attached to a consonant-ending noun and -7r to a vowelending noun. 1 Choose the correct answer. 2 Choose the most appropriate sentence. 1) A: ~2.10~~ 3~'.:!0lotlR? D 2j),.f doctor °Q:/~ middle school student B: . 2~'.:!0lotlR. ------------------- 2) A: Alq~ ~~ ,qEf"OlotlR? B: . :1Hqq .A.~Ef"OIOIIR. ------------------- B: 38 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
.................................................................................................................................... • A: Ai~ t~ Ar'EtO I OllR B: Ai~ t~ Ar'EtOIOJIR C: Ai~ ~ Ar'EtO I OJIR ■ -~ means 'too/also/as well.' It may replace t he topic markers. ■ The topic marker-~/';::_ can be used for contrast or comparison. 1 Choose the correct answer. 1) A: Ai:: ~~ "'-PaOIOIIR. B: (Ai:: / Ai5:.) ~~ .A.tiaOIOIIR. 2) A: Ai:: CH~~OIOIIR. B: (Ai:: / Ai5:.) CH~~OI OtLIOIIR. 3) A: 2.atou c:: 3~'.:1 OIOIIR. B: 'l!.2.5:. ( 3~'.:1 / 4~'.:1 )OIOIIR. 2 Talk with your classmates using 'J:i£' when finding something in common or 'J:ie' when in contrast. I A: Ai~ 1Hqq NaOIOJIR B: Ai~ 1Hqq "ra OI OJIR A: Ai~ 1~1c\OIOJIR B: Ai~ 2~1c\OIOJIR Lesmn 2 'r/\allofJ.119.? 39
1 Listen to the narration and choose True or False. • 2 Introduce yourself tot he class. 40 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1 f'l'f'f'l'l'I' □ ~gOj the Japanese language D Oj;q female
1 Read the following text and answer the questions. • <2..1-'aoV,ilR Ai~ t::11 t::11<2_1-0IOjlH. Ai~ 3~ Ar'EtOIOjlR Ai~ e.,1-~0IOjlR CHe.,1-iiI 2e,l-'c:lOIOjlR ~q;_i '2_1-g~ Liq. 1) t:llt:11~~ I ~-~ I A~WOIOIIR. 0) ,Hqq 0) OIL l::J I l::J 18::'. 1::1 i.!!'a o I OJIR GD OrLIB., 1::Jl1::Jl8::'. {:ji_!J'cJOIOllR (3) Oll, 1::Jl1::Jl8::'. {:ji_!J'cJOI OrLIOJIR ·:4) OrLIB., 1::Jl1::Jl8::'. {:ji_!j'cJOI OrLIOJIR 2 Rearrange the words to make a complete sentence. 1) j e,i-i_!! I ] [ orLIOJIH ] [ Afc ------ ~ ----- Lesson 2 lliWfl.Q? 41
Greetings in Korea When people meet for the first time in Canada, they introduce themselves by giving their names and sometimes shaking hands. Handshaking happens in Korea as well. Usually a senior person or a person in a higher position initiates a handshake. Handshakes are done using the right hand. Grasping the other person's right hand with the left hand while shaking hands is considered respectful. A younger person or a person in a lower position tends to bend his/her upper body slightly during the handshake to be respectful. In Korea, bowing is common, although the degree of the bow varies from 45 degrees for the highest level of politeness to 15 degrees with the face down for common courtesy. Koreans rarely wave their hands to greet older people, while hand-waving is common among friends. When Korean people meet for the first time, they introduce their names first then commonly ask each other's age and occupation. Knowing such information is important to communicate politely in the Korean language. The Korean language reflects the importance of hierarchy in Korean society with several honorific speech levels, which are used according to age, status or situation. 42 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
Lesson
.................................................................................................................................... Where do you live? Where do you go grocery shopping? Have you ever been to a Korean supermarket in Korea or in your country? What can you buy there? Let's talk about your most interesting experiences at a Korean supermarket. l!iihi1U~(•Jnf#i1('lii g Making basic sentences in informal settings g Expressing the location of an entity IIMttnm• Activities, locations Mrihii11MM -Oi.9./0r.9.: Informal polite ending Vowel contractions in polite forms [Place]Oll/OllAi: Location markers [Place]Oll s:J.Oi.9.: Expressing location -0l/7r: Subject marker 3,Wiii,1ifi1jljij Use of ~2.I in Korean 44 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1
~1~1~ ~..2. »-l, °l90il ~l-ol-Jl? ~ .2. 7-1 ~ £~£ er-&El-¾Oil ~l-ol-Jl. ~l~I~ °l90i]J.7 ?;J- !2}Jl? c1-¾Er¾01l {to}.R. ~ .2. ~Ru}EOi] 7}Jl. 7-7~ '?.£ ~R~ ~°lJl. ~l~I~ £~£Oil ~R u}E <;il°lJl? ~ .2. lo]], <:il °l Jl. □ OJCIOH w here □ -§ !i!.q to do grocery shopping ~£ usually D £-E£ Toronto □ 'm.,=!-l:li Vancouver ~qto live □ Dr§. supermarket □ -§6.j food D ~q to exist □ g§.2.I~ Montreal ❖ Practice the dialogue with the cue words. A: OiCl(OJI) ~'"Or£? B: J::i~ @ OJI ~OrR A: OiCl(OJl)J..i ~ !tf.9_? @ OJI 7rR • □ qgErg dow ntow n □ 7fq to go □ ~q to eat □ .2.Er2f Ottawa I @: 'm-.,=it:fj @: %~ rE g_E2..1~ ~g rE Lesson 3 qgEfgojl ~t() f.fl.. 45
.................................................................................................................................... ■ The structure of a verb or an adjective is composed of a stem and an ending. A stem is the part of a verb/adjective that does not change in conjugation. Endings change according to the style of the sentences and provide additional meanings regarding the context of the speech. ■ The informal polite ending -OiB./0~B. is the most common ending used during conversations. When the last vowel in the stem is either o~ or .2., -o~B. is used as in ~o~B. (~+o~B.). When the last vowel in the stem is a different vowel from the previous two vowels, -OiB. is used as in 9:10iB. (9:1+0iB.). ■ All verbs/adjectives that contain -o~q change to -oHB. for polite forms as in ~!,:!oHB.. 1 Choose the correct polite form for each word. 2 Choose the most appropriate word. 1) 2) 3) 46 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1 l'l'l'PPPP □ 5:.A1t!" library □ ~.!j,.ofq to study D i!.71 meat □ ~'.llq to be delicious D 2.1;q chair □ 1?,tqtosit D ~Jq to be many to do horn ework □ ~q to be good
.................................................................................................................................... • ~~ ~EOjlAl ~ !tfR • J;:7-A~OI t~Oll 7fR ■ Vowel contractions occur when a stem ends with a vowel and meets another vowel in the polite ending -Oi2/0f9.. ■ The two vowels make a diphthong if they can, as in t he following three rules. • .2.+0f is contracted into 2f as in 2fH. (.2.+0fH.) and !i!fH. (!2.+0fH.). • ~+Oi is contracted into .5f~ as in 9~H. (4-+0iH.) and ~H.5f~H. M~+OiH.). • Ol+Oi is contracted into 01 as in f.A.~H. f.A.l+OiH.). ■ If the two vowels cannot make a diphthong, one vowel drops and the other one remains as in the following three rules. • When two identical vowels meet, only one remains as in 7fH. (7f+OfH.). D 2.q to come D _1:,1_q to see o .z;;q to give D HHS?-q to learn □ qq to drink D ;1:ILHq to spend time □ -=1_q to be big □ Xtq to sleep D 5!LH q to send D Lf!!!.q to be bad □ Si?--\f milk o ~qto write • When the stem ends in the vowel -OH, -Oi drops as in .XILHH. (.XILH+OiH.). • When the stem ends in the vowel -2., it drops before another vowel as in SliH. (.:i+OiH.). 1 Choose the correct polite form for each word. 1) A~q 2) !i!LHq 3) qtuq CD s!LHOi£ CD q 1±1 Oi £ (J) s!LHO~B_ (?) qt!lfB_ 2 Match the words on the left with the corresponding verbs on the right. • J.l.ifl. Lesson 3 ct§lEtgojl ~'otR 4 7
.................................................................................................................................... • JW--\::! ;: .!r_AiBOll ~OiR • ;J;;i ~ 4-~ ~ ~§.OJI 7~R • 1:111:11~;: .!r_AiBOllAi ~1,!aHR ■ [Place]Oll indicates a location where a person/object exists, such as ~q and azq, ■ [Place]Oll also indicates a goal or desti nation for directiona l verbs, such as 7~q and 2.q, ■ [Place]OllA.i indicates a location where an activity takes place. 1 Choose the correct answer. 2) 1!!1.2H;I( OIi / OIIAi ) 7tR. 4) 1:111:11~~ 8~ tE( OIi / OIIAi) ~ !il.tR. 5) ~~ @E2.I~( OIi / OIIAi) ~01.R. 2 Choose the most appropriate word . .!r_.A.iBOJI.A.i ~~OJI.A.i 1) ~.JICI= '-" L.. 7tR. 2) tOI~~ jl OT t::lc5HO ...... 3) *~t::: ,C-iAI D-1010 c::::I IC -, ..LL. 48 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1 D ;liq not to exist D ~-§! park □ g§ofq to exercise ~.2.f~ department store □ ::i:tE} now D ~ home, house D ~ olderbrotherfor male D ~'a 1Bstaurant □ ~{j lunch ~~OJI
1 Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer. (2) ~~ rE (4_) '2.)~ E 2 Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer. • 3 Talk with your classmates where you usually study. A: -'?~ Ol CIJ-i ~!¥oHH? B: Ai:: -'?~ e.!".iiI{)jlJ-i ~!¥oHR D 1:r;q male □ .lJl.~ classroom D >'ill.I§ coffee shcp
1 Read the following text and answer the questions. • 1) 2) 3) 4) Ai:: Ol~2-01IR Ai:: 4'~ ~~ ~~ 9:10,R .:::lcHAi Al~ ~~ rE{)jl 7rR c11c11'2.!~ 3~ .A.rgol{)jlH. c11c11'2.!~ .xro1qErg{}j1 ~□ tR 4'~ 3~ rE{)jlA-J "2t !iJ.rR c11c11'2.!~ Al~ ~Aft.f{)jl 7rR t:!lt:!1'2.!~ 4'~ ~Ai£f{)j1Ai ~!¥oHR 12!.2 »-I:: OlCI ~OtR? 0)~~~ (2) ir~ 12!.2 »-I:: XIEf OlCIOII JH~.? (i) 3~ E (2) ~ E t:1lt:1I~~ ~~ AtEJ"OIOIIR? (i) Lll, ~ .,qgOIOUR @ orLI~ , ~ ,qgo1 orLIOJIR t:1lt:1I~~ ~£ OlCIAi ~.!:l!-oHR? (i) ~ (2) ~Al~ 2 Write about things you can do in each place below. ;,::: 1 - t::J 50 NEW GENERATION KOREAN 1 l'l'l'l'l'l'I' □ .::J.2Jl,!,i therefore □ ;i;;fOILfE(g Chinatown D ~ New York ~book □ 'ii'{ct to read G3) .2.Er2.r G3) ~.A.1~ (3) 7-J III~ _____/