Giuleanu, Victor - Tratat de teorie a muzicii (Vol.1)

ln acusticA, identificarea sunetelor dupi principiul octavelor se face intrucit1.q

diterit fatd de muzica. D6.m mai jos sistemul octavelor folosit de acusticieni :

l6,t llz 3i Hz 66 Hz ,t3? Ht

<>

A0t..,."., ".,Sit 002--... "." "f;2
Ao-1"."".... " ,li-t

7bt t'r ++0Ht i28 --:1056llz-6. irrr*') I3' "-

e:- €I -/t= -462.2-4/l-tz-e

poJ f,i? 0oa- &a 1af - fif Do6-tt6 007-,li| 0og

, 0clA/6' C€nl16/61

k .ar .'st srst"rn se obse'va ca primele doua octave de sunete, tirrid mai putrln
indltimii.
folosite, se noteaza eu minus alge'oric ; iar celelalte, in ordinea de la

l-8 inciusiv.

sri;i observinr ca aici sint folosite numai literele majuscule pentru toate
surretele muzicale, iar ortava ce.ntrald este eup,rinsd !ntr.e Doa-si'j.

8E

na a.r,aTJJs I auos e ap Bl.rE .- xqdaro !S uuras : ua?aruas glBa.'rJ8oleaquuluqosuIlnroln[E
I

'tlt?.ral tl nr j nlou rr-r

rzr r6 rzEszrlun os utilr uJc',(y) toq€Jlu urP BJalll eurr.rd nc lp.lon lsoJ
P nlsorn 'n1 eJ:t Inlnrlral srs IP l:rrrnq r p.r,'.i IPIII let 1{ r'1'r11.11f lrin.t.lt I

N ,1t )t H9 0g

; eJBOJT-ru.ln tlJouos BriucrJruulas IIJ '(d Bl y u1 aP) urlul rnlnlag

"uJlH ,Its aln.lsnfuru cJelrl 9I JOIJuilJd BeJrsoloJ u!l ?tltsntrllolJro-q ( tn rn|rlo.ras
IrrlildilJu!) snrloo[J ll'llInnuJloiazol lraJp-allllul(tltlJJolBdlu-r
ur?ruoJ rEru 'a.tua oriDTo,y'e

: lurs c.rlurp "u'e IA

InloJas nJ, [)illdaJur 8r{lu turuulu! Bsu! alBJnluoJ arrr(l criE}ou aP oructsrs

'tnlnla(ltJIt: cpJclrl und narzutu 'uaucrtrosp ap 6nDlol.l lru{1ruoJ rrrz.rrl rrur rS

recJE rlllroryoJeltl rn.rd alPJl?ntrr clel.elllls Blou l] i)p RooPl lnAB nu erc:l ttutud

lsoJ np'llillrr1or;uu Boundurr cs BJllllllJ JoJ!c B'rrzeurrlc tS rrucrpur Bi) ol)oJi)

aS 'mlnlaqBJlB ela.talrl rlIP clBnl autuos tttld alclautls nPlorl lrlra.r tc]

'lnlnsrJcs c alBJ psuorucfrrr qrlsuc.rn ed

tillnJolilA lrutsuuJl as cJeJ rS rzrllst? nnrl)ulru eu eJe:) n,c'Jol?c.rJ ngs lntrranq
op csnpo"rd llJB cp lJouroJ rlrnicJdau op qlrsdrl lsoJ lJ JB ue.ruJuro'nJrzrrru
r,'srJJs u! aJupoJ ap elElrlr(lr*rod qtlsncce liJqJ'cJr{l.lol u! ilJ.)nl lso:)12 tr.)uJ

{ls Eroreu lliurrs n tttnc rtruJolln'eloJrzn[u.ro1o.rodo u lrlrlu.tF o.rulrrlrzclrlaJ
a{r ruclsls un azaa.la rS-Bs urolcu lrirurs t InruO'i}JrqJ{tn nlluarl ?oJarJ.}g
ll uJ.arlnlo'tc qllcJtJ t$e1acn t$ tutfft.tc t(uole:ru eJB BltJillzutlt Blit?loN

'1 (a11t.tFtttrtul

-cs) atlntEonuas ries t!ltlrt:ntu alit)lt)tt al) elctunu ul.tuod oln:)rznur irloJ

-*tlo sr.rcs rrr 4lrttzaldl)J es crnJ ulrd elerrorirleauon Jolcirrt..lg calulrltl]oJ

oolrots! IS irc!forool lliuroplsuoS 'gI s,

v'rYttTnw \rrl.vJoN

lil 'In'Iort.l v3

lt. NotuPitt gregoriarrri {tlirr tinipuJ papei (irigor'r cel llalr:. i;,9U-60 l)
(,lc 1a t I:r G). srr.nete,le rerlietrtndlr-s'e
reduce nlrmarrri litcrelor-nolc Ja "s,aptc

rlin ortul'a in or'lirl i :

AI t 0f f 6 e €0 e f aa bb cc 8d ee

tir f.inrliul, rer rlt: * douu litera 1lJ) a lrepl'ezelllat nu,ntai 7rc: si burnol .
iilr penuu si natu,ral a fost intr,rxl.lisi. in noF.lt:nr:latttla stlntltflor. litera
rurrililtoare din atrfabet (lI).

In irr,east:'i nolalie 'xpare ideea ie wtauo gi regislnr sottur. {lci:t ce
con.stituir: url insetnna.t {rrogrre€ fale rle notatia boetilnl. Polositii rnult ll
r:unoscr-rtul' r:unltts planus, ea av€a lnsu neajunsu:l c€ nu rla nit-i o indicalie
privinrl +lurata sunetelor (ritmul)" singrrruil inclic{u tle irtreltslii nalur;l fiinrl

acr:entcle di,rr text.

e. i\ottttiu nenmatirti i'nlra in uz. lru lingA coa nlfabe'tir:i, ineopind din
gecnlul \rII. Fla foloseste n'eumele (uu fel de puncte gi virgule irr diferite
combinalii), (jare. alezate doa,supra silu dedesubtul rruvintelcr. in<licarr o
inflexirrne arterrrtlerrtl slir dcsronrlenta :r vctcii. Fala de not:r1ia gcr'goriltta.
rre rrruelr' ;l'ezirrtli avuntajrrl ct sugcreuzi in s.,cri,s 1i ideeo tte rilrn. ltiind
util.iz.ate pc principiul ;rccenlelor gramal.ic-ale: a{'('ent grav, ir,'cr'tl[ 1se1r!it

1i auccnt circrrrnflex.
ri. ,\rrtalia cu porLttit..-i chei. atritruita de r:at,r'e unii tccrrtit:ieni lui

Ouidt-r d'Atezzo (sot:olnl Xtr e,n.)" fat'rr urr rnare pals inainle: neuntele sirtt
;rsociate cu portirlivul. purindu-s('in arest fe'l retla atit in:ihitnrx, eit qi
qltr'lata a,proximativ::r il sunetclor.

'f'nl in ar:eastir vretne $c i,n.tnxlur: itt trtttulie denunirilc: .;il.abice ale su-
.trt'teLor. prin inlot:uirea lilerelcr: alfahetrrlrri la,tin cnr o scrie rle silabr.r lrrale
,tlirr r:apetele dc versnri ale rrnrti rtclri irrrn. pe eer€ r'int:lretii,lirr evlrl mediu
;il invocarr F('rrtru a nu-si piel"di' glasrr'l :

Ut gue- ?nt ta ^t,t, Rg - n - 0A- pe fi - bpt,y, l4t Fa

9e - 8t0 PUn, FA-mu-h tu o -rum,$o/

-

pot-tu - ti, La -b/ /o - ttan- ne,s'

iiIIAX*IIAX ras) nBalupU ls dllnrl rnl erode 'eJlquroJ eliBlou u:
urp alFrnlrlred ,
asr.i"t_. 1u{3

'[nJqurt rS pelHllslulul 'rrtuJlrp 'r",,,,,,ru, , ;*r,r,,,,u
rnFll+uns alr.[rSnsu! lr]ttr-rl ot]u.rF alelueza.rrla.r !J t{)rf ?lBnlcu erjnlou u1

ellsloU ep lPnfJE lnuels!s

I !t? eea pez endst €s epuod re.r o J .t 6 esnJLaeS
esnJ
I,) g2t/.ttd| epundfi'l^J u tA
gautaue!
t Pewutgd equndseJn ry I
eututlfl
I $ suerqtae!
0
f eaal0p epandter^c il

o g6naq qoa equndserol t!

FT fl.s!^e,4 epunllern,l El t4er8

zn up q&ar - L: efuoT
zn u.tp qilet
Ll euaefi

@zIWE!tW PJlqa0r elEptl

:Dlotro pulJol oll JlRnlJB als.)lztlul 1allul{ru .rfi}tllu+.i
n;i Bluop,u{xils-eJrh} tr* r.dJ,rrdords roEn eAJ,esqo aleod as nrp€ls lsacs ul

'r lenlee rnlac Baluruug otinlo,ra ap nlppls Inrurllyr 'prrE
-uto.t auto! Bt TIXAX-[IAX tlreloi]as u1 png8unfu 'u13ui.to]suuJt ap atrits o
c,'i,rna.rr:d leru uriutrou 'lellolzap B-s arp,o 9ffu11 ad 'lvox ay psut.ulsall '1

'gltrrpunrdirprrr lloluoacp'electleure.rii elaluaJJu ap rE lxal aP
.rrlrurlap ?r.m.dsep as gs ptielou sc n.rlued alnirpuo:r urrlJe alueJc luls

'Ble.rnp ap ae 1oard r.rn1.rode.r aF a.nrr! pur^s elou o[.]
u,rr8rl .rcrurr ea.refurnqarlut ttlp elsrt'oc e.re:t 'qt1ottotlrcdoul otltryou nr:s prDJ??s
-aru allnlou ntr a8u,nfe as (IIIX 1A tIX prlo.ns) rolBturn InIP,urs trl 'e

lrrro nrluad *llqsrra:ruo'.r rRnr purrt
'o1,r eqelrn urld ltrdrutiy uir I utJollt! tlattlxuasu ap lsoJ e 'rn 'laurtt [n1uud
'1)rnlrri)Jn In;1,o1 rrt ]JIIBJIP rrrp { ltJollI lrsoloJ e-s leStrnlaprrl ap {nlr-af
rlurrl lin ?!r lrJlsrr '{ lt.tX prlollas} llrz.I!l Iurrl aJede 'rs 'tauns ealoldt$ 1y

e7- -'-/0-0'-- eJ" - -!|il'" -ea - -'-l/)

: tll?,'r7t1ut uJsJS uri);r1tl,a.t1 taurt rcolr rtaprrrrrlsJ.roil s.r,r.t cp lrrtla'.rur,'.lrf;ti)1.,1

4,, REPREZENTAREA GRAFICA A INALTIMII

SUNETELOR

lnillirnea sunctclor 'se reprezintil in scris prin : note, portatiu, clrci.

sptntru.I de ntu.tare Ia octauii qi alterapii,

$ 14" lTotcle

Semnele principale prin care se redau [n scris sunetele ntuzicule se nu-
mesc note t. [le reprezintir pelrl,ru scricrcrr rntrzicalil ccea cc literelc rcpre"

zilrta pentru scrierea vorbita: dupf, curn literele servesc Ia citirea gi scricretr
cuvintelor, tot astfel notele servesc la citirea gi scricrea nruzicalit.

De la ele iqi ia nurnele de "notafie" inregrrl sistern al scrierii muziealc,
uncf ie de cheia f olosita 9i de locul pe
O notil, in f care il ocupri pe

portativ, reprezinta un arrLrmit sunet clin €icara gcneralf, muzicali * dcc^i

indlsint.ea accstui srrner

initinea = lal(/a dr'n oc- inEllimea =do (do dinuc'
taya/ -++0Hz)
tava nici = /32 Hz)

'l'oate rrotele care uu au senlue de alteral-ie inairrtea lor (diezi, bernoli

etc.) se nlunesc nole notuntle, f iintlcl redau cele $apLe trcpte naturale ale
acarii rnuzit:alel- tlo, re, nti, fa, sol, la, si"

pe wIemTeeramleuniuBl oeesttjeusde(seocroigluiJneVIl)a,tienu[ s(neontscut-ldd,ee- senmontig)raFliics,erefoplroeszee$nte[inidncsui ndee-

tele muzrcale"

56

L9

'i oJlll uil[l

"lldns cllnrrI l]s0soloJ ss oJuc u! rluJrzlltlr e.rnle"rc!ll ilrl) nl(lllratx.] uil
'llctlJ ua.l€(lullll.)s'lnzt.) clse pu[3

.trus roAt:lJo lilutUes BJoJa.rd os aaaol: ep : In.rtznul lllilllxal !?JtllJol IzPcu
.noJ;u! .r.il:tuiltut[dils I ltlll Jollllul !uul Bc.llsol0,l 'lllltlrllulJOd Ill.l(lllsePap
nps !:.rdnsBal) -:r,nlltleluIldns rrull c t?zuazllllll i)s ltrluslqo poul uJ

: al€lJEdap IPia rS
r)ilrlrrozlJo,aleln.lnd OIJ tis atnqeJl a1c'rnlnlrlelJod slrlull r$ e3'soI ut snsl
:!:)rpIeEJ-lJs'rrr?lrn1rlrlnrJ.,rlritg1ttpuerurlrotoaddslnaJlJt(tlptntllusttJcsrleualr)plotlrparsPrtaolyourJ;rdr*trtsl n'tsa-nrpzq'pa(Lnl 1neTPsuoa'frtlualtqJlArdi-rltuslJt(d;;rrtdl!r!tuBsB!lerlJt]r1z2ol.l:Plallilt.allllnllaoqcc
-;]J.lu! as 'BIPi)lzllul Bsetd rl-llrttp a"tu'rf lBul nEs alnJP tIltII clel;ltllln nlou l?
rr.rluarl alualJtlns luls nu rn1nnr1el;otl alB illill lrulc alal pu!r lnzuJ uJ

eJuluotu!ldns dlutu"l

'rn1n,r11n1.r6d I|JnJ? u! BzBc]otl es ''c1a eiaitrrnl 'lnorlntcl : sl 'taljttlou
nlu sluatuola atlnli)1o., : ayrir:'ral1u tS alazned "alclotl 'allJns?ru '.to1 alunut
-JU nJ AItcrlJ : tcr it:lou elB oltle ulale clclndrarrr;tl nt.l:rstt1 os lllul.rod aJ

'EtscJE ep erlrun; u! ls,rlll?tJod od BzuJ-'e1tl as'll,llzlltu B slJJs ul
BeJnpaJ Bf JSO,rJcs a.rnr Ollrieatpul lE utncaJd 'atielotr 3f) ala!ltrtrlg elBr3.ll

: sns ut

sof ap EJrurnu es rnln,lrleuod elrrleds rs Bc alrtln'J "n4n7.torl al*aunu as
ala aryu! atDtrlldap ToBa B alDlltozrro 'a1a\ond 1lilll tJutJ ap drttg u2

BpulooB 6g1uug 1*

lilBlilul Brufl 'orBluorulldns olllull 'lnalfufrod 'gI S

P. l. Ceaikovski ( 1840-1893)

Simfonia V

i"a orlgine, portativul era alcituit dintr-o singurd linie, ca,re desp5rtea
nenmele grave de cele asute (sfirqitul secolului X $i inaeputul secolului XI e.n.).

La eapAtu) acestei linli se insemna gu denumi,rea literalA sunetul ce se
plasa pe linie (de obicei F : fo sau C : do), in func{ie de care tgi luau }ocuJ

apoi toate celelalte sunete.

Cu timpul se ajunge Ia portativu] cu rnai n'rulte linii, de sulovi diferite,
fiecare dlntve acestea avind Ia incep,ut o li'terd-cheie care -indica nunrele gi
indltimea notei ce se plasa p€ linja respectJvd.

Notafia muzicali sunoa$te la uor moment dat portafiivoil de 11 linii pe €al€
se scriau aproximativ 24 de sunete ae aleEtuiau diapazonul general al vosjlor

e]in acea lnre,me:

fa do s0/

Nu est"e greu s€ deducerm dificulidfite ee prezen a in eitirea ncnt€lor un ase-

menea p'ortativ. qi XVII se reduce nurnirul l.inijior portafir'ului la 4,
Jn secolele XVI fixeazi la 5 linii, a6a currn se folose$te .5i astAzr.
gi,
ln,tr-o ultirnd faz5. se

exemEpxluis,tbno$tai {siaistmemuzeicdiiebnizoatnatiiineec, aurnedneurapfoolro"sbeusriclepdoiartsatetimvuatii,cecu1m(inetsetrev,alsicpere)
djntre sunete sint redate prin semne speciale de ?nil{ime, Caire nu au nevoie

de por"tatiiv. De exernplu:

<- llnnul) = rePetd sunetul precede1t
4 (0li90nu0 = wcd intonatia cu 0 secundd

\ Ghentima) = a?ce intotalia cu s ter?

O asenrenea nota{ie au folosit in ]ucrdrile qi cu}egerile lorr inaintaqii mu-
zicii romineSti cle acurn un veac $i mai bine (Macarie, Altoor Pann etc.).

t lo lioba gerce .Llotrina : inrcrvai.

58

69

: tli tzlldru$J li'ttn i' ls al;l(ttlr lt' li'lt{l r lro p irB j l rtn l"r u llJl ur-rr{
flus -JAtllltrtsttoJ {otl JolllieJollu *tir're'de p'rllrtrrlqns or.rE"rlnl rilun uala.lrle{t{}u
!:(Ilr itlJ$ OS Slrtedttd 3t{ p.{rl't lnzPil 1l! lt alt:osrllo} ruru J.! r.)lqnr n.rtt{J

RlBulJ slqnp ErBq !* FnsEuI ap ?req nr AllPlrod

'7t1ttttt1 Q(lny il)Dtl Bzl:aiutnqur.llui as s'Iolss}jllt
a1u aludl.rrrr;d lop i.rr.rd r;r.raur{;ru! 1r,{ n.Eii tlirzorlulr"r li}itt1 ptlt*.t11s efl

'lr.irrs{rlrrdltlrJuqt}ltu'lru'1tt,tlitr1.ror{[B')l]'13'lct{:}exBJsru[n
O pzreilrrurl.).11(tt Os ale;)[zltit]t os3tt{ {altt{.{olLrntitllil PilJnlrtttilal t-llllJJ

Ppufosc 16 Rtelilul grBq n3 l8.1aue5 A$Blrod

'olu6lurr,{$u{ t6 tiio,t *p uiluln} run B rrJ?{r}a{I 'rtd'eallt xtu{r '?d're{{ l* g$*r 'uercX
n:rl rred Pc"rerJ0s {rt altcul[lt!! as urns ;?lu$I r; elurrr{ atet 'gtpttyttt, gllurnuap

oliluot:;,la.r artrq er10B B o eP - iaorqo ap - tlBpacaJd alse gll?lllur LrB$
'aJa ad asrdJb ltrlzntu e €usllnwrs PIiru$axd

l)il!1r.f.lr1'a,trl,slJor{JGl$oarretro1adu";ralEotltraJsi}Ul*J'!l'IrAt:luII*?lDrl?ttlfi'rnttr
yzearjtrrrrqe.4rrr os e{q€lrod allnur lsflf nEii gnop arl €lB1,tztlilr P€'lar;[Js irI

IninAl+ulrod 3ls a3!{urfi aluauiela sllv

{

Diferite aspecte ate portativulul

f)rrpit eorinfcle nota[iei rnrrzicale, portativrrl se folosc$te i1 rliierite
ospecte: portativlrl sinrplu (tle cinci linii), portltivrrl gcneral gi partitura.

a. Portolirul sinpl.u serve$tc rle olricei la sericrca nrrrzit'ii pcltru o
;inguri voce sau pcutrlr un singur ilstrulilelll.:

Ch. Gounocl ( lUlS-tBOA)

C)pera,,Faust"

Allegretto

fe/ dra - gul tiu te Chrz na__

ri t,,

A,tl- fel dra-gu/ ldu te chia - m;* I - n-oldta il

Ite Irortltivrrl sinrlrlrt, trotele, pi*:i llr linia a trcia. sr: scrirr dr-- rrtgir'lii
err cotlilcle in stts 5i aSezirte in [)rrt('u rlr'r:apfir a lor; iilr ilotcle rle dcasupIa
lirriei r trcia, cu co,litole in jos 9i iiSezirrc irr Partca sling-ir. Norclc rlc pt:
li;ria a treia a portativrrlrri pot ;lvefl cotlilr:le fic il sus. Iic in ios:

Acest lrrcru nu se mai respectit atunci cirlrl o ccrc trtcrsul ast:enrlettt
sarr rlescenrlcttt al Iirriei nrclodice gi grrrparr:a nolclor itttr-trrt rlr:scn ritrnie
unitar. I)irct'1ia rorlilclor este inrlir:ati, irt utest r',r2, dc Ilt)tit cu,t trtai rlc-
piil'tatii Illii'de liria a tr:cia :

G. Fr. H aen del { 1085- I 75i} l

(joncerto grosso, op.6. nr" 5

60

I9

,,JZd(JoUEsJrJr-asllsngSr")uqlpJgBpLBIeq'BsJ'BfS (es.1 t olnua?sos a?uepuv

: tll{l[IarJ o(l 'I:toA
alInru nrru od rotznru Elncoxe alnod cs o,Jnt pl cluculnJlsul clle rS pd.rrrrl
'uurd og3.ro 'rrrio.nuIc n.rluetI eriulou u! ltsoIoJ elsa [''l 'aJIlloJ rlod rS aaltlotltJs
trorr,r nJlrd rS reJl '1tnop ntluatl sctznrtt arJJs as 1n.rcrre3.1n,r11et.rod a.1

'cla rot[a 'a.rlstfia.r : uc 'eriulou ap .rrualqord

Joun s ?cllc.Iool ecleluazc.rd ruluarl tS elSe.tras ltlu]lod Bctlatttas€ tli-l

: oolf tru e1 r;.rerrrEeur g.reluattrrlrfns arutl o l)u!,rP 'IIutJ toulc ep
e.tq-lul.lod pnop B urulplucEdlsIuooJ.l)sE-
eluol orJi)s lotl es BcJIuneJ aIsJlztltu clu.roLroB ltJB.)s a[clcutts

1a erl 9+ llu^(rrt1 - TrtnuaE Initlulrol'q

tJtU -uc

-

,nrsarluJ!pe ln ropnI" Inlro]Bro oluqnJ aluupuv
nJserlluno 'qD

: sof u1 alelrpoc nc 'g.rnor.reltlr Becoa n.rluad al€J JeI nsns
u1 elolrpoc nc nlJos cs g.rnor.ladns patoA n.llrtorl elcltttt'znc oJPc u! 'tJoA taJJ
rru$ tsnop nlluod BJrzll.tu r$ au;s aluod as trldurs 1tr,trlul.rod ad'Srocug

c. ParLi|u,ra so oblinc prin reu,nirea a trei, patru, cinci sau nrai mu[te

portative. dup{ nu'rtrirru,l voci,lor .eau i'nstrromerttelor p€'ntru eare este scf,ish

Irrcraroa.

Partiturfl p€ntru voce solo gi pian

Moclerato A. Rubinstein ( 1829- I S94 )

Opera ,,Demon"

HosarenLta. Hoqo rn-xa He M0- Py I y-Cflyrb,

He - 0T - 8F3 soh 49q-r0n 3a - Ht'

Partiturd pentru 3 voci egale, inscrise pe un sistem de 2 portative

R. Wagner ( l8l3-IBBB)

Corul torcdtoarelor din opera ,,Vasul lantomi
Allegretto nlodercto

I

tfic ra - ti - li

n

\l--/ --

(,J

t('c1a Eruulu tllP lPlJns oll J[c]uJttlllJlsttt'r'lttl.)l tlIP 1'€l.l tls ep clo]ualruuls
-ur : nlluroxa ap) c111uu3 rsBeecu ur'p aleluourtJlsttr n.rluod elenrle1.ro.1

'Bunuroc Elurirur g.ruq o-.r1trr.rd ollunoJ 'ullsat1l.ro JsatnlEcll] ac Jololuaut

-nJlSut 1lrJnloj ni) .rolpzundse.rOC,a,trlUl.r,Orl Ap Jq11lnrr tlrl r^rzu3iurrrqa.llrrl
as e.rlsorlJ,Io rt.tltrad ;rir;rn1r1r'ed rrl '1.).tIsatl).ttt tr:7uad DTatau,tF n.ttt.ll.xJDd

/'a/ - ni - a/ -nJ op 'ja1- n,t - op

7p 'e/ - -nr op 'iet.- nr - op

iat-ni-at'nr'oP

o??aJ8ettv

alnfalnrop 'f'ao1n':Io6
nrserlqf,

;ron nrlud ul lxlur ror nrluad gJnllu"d

ln afnr?l de hara eomrrnfl i'nitia'le arr gi aerJnili eomrrnli, iar diviznrile la
ilsruneutele de aeeilaii lcl (de exe,rl,plu: violiua I qi lI) au rlubli acoladl

Partituri pentru orchestri

L. v. Beethoven ( 1770-18271
Simfonia \/

Alleg:ro con brio

rA

Flauti

0boi
Clarinetti in B

Fagotti

Crni in Es

Trombe in
c

frmpant in

C srG

Violini I
Violini II

Vrole

Violoncelli

Contrabassi

6+

I

I
i
:

e(}

ils 2/q-F

aiq -P * t^" enld tlel-?,LL

-a-

tA snl1 IeJ-|--?e,-u.

ep eJ - JeJ el ,its 4ca - elti JJout e7

,,sasl'i 1,iq1" 1nr:o1u.rg

ga;o71 'trq

: rcoa rurlttcd r$ aru rl o rl, iil illl;i..l"t

llsll,rJ aItr Us lnrl+.'rtt u 'iliJolsllrslilei) Jal3PJila' n3 'rou reru allrotlo u
1

r:ior'r:4ll
o.fiuiuil{lr[,

eprze:aqe$

i lt-to t -ylg t ) ,to{esroy -llsurlu 'V 'f{

'3iii1[r t +

rrttl.lnilttlul "1nil1itrnr.rtr "g:rrrii trqrp 'a"reru tr-!d1 : il.r 'all(ruf.r(i.lr.;)u arillrsn,r.r.rai
elr iiellraurnJlsrrr nJlrri(l prieluu nl al*asoio; itt tltut! o ap tilJtlDl&)d
: IcJlsv "!}t!l t rnrrl'l r*
\) 'l 't- "i 'l ir.' r,trtrlt"rrirl artulou flr Dccs{rlol es lerrollrlocxe potu u,.[

InltnlfBfJod o1u olB{roridaox0 i}r{rJo,{ 'flt

"s

.i1 itrijrztntl o ilsllt:l de partitur.ir, oirs11,y6111 ca celc pairn yoci ale eo,rutirti
nrirt i;i au ilotiitii f iecare partea ritniici'r $i relati!, intonagigna.tri pue rr,r
i,xrrtativ de o linie. Cirrrl noterle au codilele in.ios, intona!ia fuloli+6te rw-
gistrul acut" iatr cind acestca au codilele in sus, iulo*alla folo:e5t,e reEinrfn,.rl
gral- al lor.ilor respn,'111s ;

3 = cor I'orbir in regisir.ul acrit,

V
{
cor vortrib in negistrul grav.
JD=

Portatitu!' L:u doufi lirril se inl.rebuin{eazii iu l}ota[i* p*irtnr unele irr.
strunlellte populare tle percu-"iune, c{l!n sint, sprr3 exelnJ}lg. i1;trurnerr{.qi
uzbcc ,.nagaranaoo 5i instrnmentnl arab n"qalqabali,, i.

Porlative pentru nagara gi qarqabah

qarqabah u nina stingd
miaa dreadd
4

lnaularuilciinriu, lclicoeoltaadrlcid,rcplsoaprtreduceilailnla*iipinepsentrntutrrmu-uesnnttuleadn-iduol laipuroiuir.ataitautirvrlulcolerillserel..t,irn,egtilairlsiiencp;iii{uSpes-pntten,uilliuiirhr,6iarul.
lrentnr chilara cu lase gi papte coarde.

bx 17, Cheile

Sentnel,e gtnfice care s('t't)esc La inscriereu pe portatiu u fntlliinrii sune
telor ntuzit:sle se numesc clrci.

0 cheie aiszatil pe nna din liniile pottativulili {leierilllne ini[6iml.,r,:
plelisg a unui sunet din scara rnuzicald.
In funclie de sunetul {ixat de cheie se dctceluind,cl llozilia
a eelorlalte sunet('. pe haza succesiunii lor iar scars muzicala. ire p,iDrrtcLr}

r f",i,Qcrl1ua*ratqegaabrdaaui!na-'rolltlr,e.usteise-teudunenindinsirtsnrtuerumnrseninuetnriit dddeieieprprecitrrecrcuu-ssiuiunaneceopfaoesriremitmea6tcllduitoinrrncedamostcaurgiannec&Ste:2lclcr>!t1imr€

miic,i
pieie.

t9

x{,i xrx'r, " Gi /ux"res tF "' il$ "oJL | ,,,, : eJ nt Pptts

lrt"-'
|l r" Ixyfinx.sflln* 3ll'im;^xxas : op p1ela4r
^x ras )-r1,,'r

xx *; xtxr* $ $tas $i ,, ,", Fi ,,,, ,,, /'t!n/ eleqr

-arpalor4alelre.,oJ,rinaord!4eaiirlazflloHaruddnas(rr4qui6Epr.r3-ar.XrssIs)IrrJe)rtpl,eco.l'o,,ruru.olupI,roarulner#u^ou1.l'louds.uirror"l1lruailqs"araT*JuetJ'rrn;nJrr.rnuJl"ttirn#S:TiCilt.flf.i#fJ".a:.Jla3trlrl

]

del e/09 a€J eltu z€J e0P tts tE! tl1s t9J trut r.?J t0P

Tgte4uac) t'

{etePg

plltunu '!ntn^!y,g')uro!ldo!^ualpl eu;lauqrr;"a1ds ;os !nl BraqJ

eluournrsul tl r?orr n:luad Elezlllln pulll 'er1oa,r '31 [lltl!
EIsJlzliul BJnlnJSlllr u!

rprullu nrlllu1 urclnd o rS rzglse pzeciun'rqe.r1u! rrut cs nrr ererlc Blsl?JriY

t'p els 281 2t'1s zej alw 7?J 20p tlt tPl t loc teJ t-lae

/EaePP

,,gzeJuuJl aqJa^ e!aqJ" !s

plltunu 'rntn^llepod e I elul; ad Ios !nl Preq.)

'tn1n,rt1u1rorl r 11

rrrurl od r-e J erurl cd uzrie Je ug'(Fpunao: cd aiqnp rrfu;rl!,r op <.p69) rgrrl
r olnlJuns In r tl
eA8lc(] ilrtr., l(/s' nl.rod orl In3ol Bsrprrr los lnl uk)11')

o
I ros lnr urrtr3 e
0

',lr.rfi;nrlsri
-.rJ {I]p .-. [AlCilns 'DJ Iill Elrr[,r II! rril 'nll, aur ln.rlsrFar tlil, a[JJ'(rp lnI
i)Iitll.l ill 'ln3P -iolt{rs JrulstSa.r rrrp J[J] Jr.lll J nrJrls cs los ilr I BrcrJc rrJ

D! YII ri'la' u.-, rS qil r)
()P iltl ttl,Jtf.t I
'{t Gii lt,s^ IItl t)t:tllJ
vfl

olici{)IoJ gIr Jrzul.tt uliu'lt,t

b. eheia lul do li$
Chein lni Jor indien lccul pr: portut,v al suiretrrirri rln {lln rralavi,l iftl1l
{2fi4 de vihrulii duble pe .qccuudii } $i are cirrri aspr:cte : Pe lrlra l. ll-
!ll. lV 5i trr a porlativrriiri:

Cheia lui dc pr: linia I a portativului, numith gl ,ueheia de sopnan'n

sau .,cheia de discant'n

EvA ff\Ka

64" dao fef fii! ltr ffl's hr .fi't gs? 7,9? 3.r11 f'ai

le- jr

Cheia lui do gre linia ll a portativului, numitfi

pi ."cheia de mezzo.sopran*

\ilavai $e$rala-

cheia lui d6 pe linia Ill a portativului, nilrnit6 $i,,cheia e{e ttltc"

6yp rnitS {Jctuva Itcttl!'?&

ti dor ref r1rt fa' ffol { lat ,s'i r

Cheia l"*ri dn pe linia IV a portativului' numith 5i ,"eheia de tenor*

hctiva 1rceyr4E

Cil na,'t

@- fir fa f0! fl doi ret ni r iat .yc/1

do

68

69 ,fr Dn 10.9 eJ -.teW
t0p

iO €lt ii11 7-tet30 eJea eA€lJ0

I

rcPt ut3ltacl j

rp",r"q s!eqr"- !s Ellunu "1ngnn1trutr.totl s /rl 8!ull ed sl !nl staqS

, NLI r pr t 0F ,t,9 et lCS €J lw e,! 0p $ D1 €N0g

frrl: er'ell] 8ie/J0

6,e;t't1it@t;

, u{ri!J"q ap u1aql"' 1$ gllurnu 'lnln^llcl.tod u lll ugu;1 ad sI Inl s!eqJ1

"rnlrratlel.rod eit

'f1rimIn.rp\,[r.El".)loll ")lrrtrrl od tizi:Sc es r:3'(vpuncas ed alqnp rrin.rql,r ap glI)
urp u.f tnJnlsTrns l* rrlnl;rorl od lnaog urrpur n/ nq rltaq7

G P;l !nf P!ell3 'l

t&u

.ipe$

;rr"9$ rS

los rnl elaur Lrg E.s o€s1rJ sog iEul Ei1s3t0 o na] gzsauolLli ds J'Lp "Il elul-I gd
as a{alou a.rpa {.xl 'Al slu$ ad op iS trI
e!ui{ ad ios
'Vxu?trqu*a" ata'ui, t, Bzeazrlllr] letil +uarJe'l; a:]!tlpa'-louatr ap aaso^ nJiuad

'ilollJ1r{l {rp rrJoa BdJBloir ttllrtad Ecucn.rd r€u"! Pult} 'tt t Blull
ad o1 rntr Brarlr nc trlrn;)()lur lsol l? Bnul ar! np rn1 erarlc'lntlmrx n3

^

tpa &3r tOp lg q PE eJ laj s'r 8p /*'. PT gg

- aibtu B'teJ7O
rfiffiientog

..uolliug ap Blaqr" 1$ g4lurnu '!nlnnllslrod e A u1u;1 ad op lnl slaqS

Cheia nrui fa pe liriia V a portativului, nrrnritf; si ,,cheia rle hae nrofund"

hefuva mare Tc8va n'ge

€E Re lvli Fa 'fsl La ,ti do re mi fa 8ol la
CIo

,A sthzi nrii se lnai intreltuirrletza clieia de iras profunnl; 'o inti'lninr

numai in Xiten;atuna ni*zicalitr r'eche, f iind utilizat:1 pentm r.ociic glavc tlc

b;i rba{ i.

*

lrr r.ler:ursurX vremurilor, elin celc zece chei prezentate nrai sus" practioa
nruziealii ir elirninat cheile soJ pe linia I, /a pe li'nia V qi do pe linia
V, ncmrrifiinrl utile saur coineizind cu altele.
ln cazuil orind r,.om rnei intilni texte nruzicale in aeeste ehei, le vom

r:i t'i :l stf el :

- Notclc &in clteiu terclrc francezd (sol pe linia I) se vor citi ca iu
intonindrr-se ins.i octare
cheiu de bas (fn pe linia IV). eu tlou* mai eus:

s0l sal

eheia- Notele rlil e/reio de bos profund (fa pe linia V) se vor citi es in

rle ai,alinii (sol pe linia II), intonindu.se insf, cu 'iloufi octave rnri jos:

eit g-i llotele din t'/reia lui do pe linia V sint itlentice atit ca innllime,
din cheia lui ta pe linia III (cheia de
ca pozilie pe portativ, cu cele

haritonlo acea-qLa Jin urmri fiind pre{eratf,, deoarece baritonu'l cint6 foarte

atlesea imnrrelinfl eri baeul. care utilizeauA tot o che'ie de .fn:

AU

70

JL

7H ngz = 1e4aet op) t op

: !!lu! !e^slJt}

elolettn$ .rllut.rod ed gcln,ro o aJBO ad grlrzod url) ElB.ursqo r; aluod 'e.ruc<lrg
glurza;do.l 1-aa 1rr,rlsr6c.r alAa,lllrl ac eaoc r{[ 'leqc ! apo allu,rp EliBlay

t0p t0p ,oP top t0p ;oP toF fil

:-E+:t--

; aJs('l$tlut] 8(uJ{i.,s uli{i

eapi),r olnorl as le,rcrraF pi,rrlr:1,rotl ul{r,rol patoFe.Ilro rS eiuarua,ur.l,g

-t>--++€_]- :'qtP'ztfJt

.'.'_-i-;- .;!!.::.|ojJ?,
a1ueg4]
' ge? : ',o1'"pg rou4 : orp iiuetdottp-ozeztaawtp i uerd)r ii ?o,,o,v
ap eaw :, ap e,e4c ! cp "o,/ i epqs i ep e,atp aa.)u! pJtwl
-- ap -----=-F EF e!e!.j n6

: [J.,lrts clpzi,:iu lJ lori '( u-l E rrzlJo urp o;rJ 1B.ilrr:r,r ru"
Ittlaurrs u1 o1.u1.turlu,lta.l8c'lat1.r r cl .Ir?ttllilt tln zn tl! ttJp sErl!jJ tly

Prin utilizarea mai rnuitor rhei in scrierca mrrzicah se cr-neazil poii-
hilitatea ca notele sa fie a$ezate cit mai mult iri r:adrui portatrvului" eri.
rindu-se astfel folosirea unui Ftrea mare numar de linii suplinrcnl.are, cartl
lr ingreuia citirea"

Pe de altn parte. folosinrl *ele gapte chei rdnrasc: iu uz, prrtt:rn c{abiXa

douA prinr:ipii :

a.0 notit care este a$ezati in acelagi loc pe porrativ poate primi toate
dele $apte tlenumiri ale treptelor din scara rnuzir:ala. schimbiudu-gi numai

registrul :

f-fectd:

h. 0 nota" de;r i;;i schimbA lo'cul pe portativ, poate s{-gi piistrcze

sgeea$i rlenumire (in afarA de registru, *are se schimha) :

Se,rarie:

,{ceste doua consitleratii teoretiee, privitoare la folosirea cheiloru stau
ta baza transpoziliei in rrruziea l.

$ lB. Utilizarea eheilor, pcntru voei Si instrumente,
in notatia aetu&lit

a. f n soieren pentru aoci se folososc, in prezent, nnmai dorrfi ehei:
so/ pe liuia ll pi /a pe linia IV a lortativului. l)enru vocrle de sol)rafl,

alto si ter()r se f olose;; te cheia lui so/ pe linia ll (teur.lrul transpunintl cu
I A se vedea ,,Tkanspozitia" (volumurl II, capitolul XV),

72

EL ISs"g

pEeperd rJoua& p0^, el

eeretJJS lxtlu J03

I}IV

tue"rcfog

9Jr.9ePe'td !sseg

earauJs ruoluEg

. p0^hel

Itr rJc{ra,} geEr?q aP "nJ

x- LJoua.f,

fi I+Ib

pctselwld f $Itr aJon + el
_ lawal ap -o3
eeJauSs
JI rrrE.xrl0g

t geltlog

;roa nrluad g;n;gtrlu11 Jolallleilp !lJa!lJii Jleu*q:1s
'rit.J(loJd us erall,!, r:;i ru r$g

o3oa aJpnarJ "garsulae;rd, saia1,.ros un .rnlndrlel.r,0d u AX Blurl ad ?d rnl rlrerlc
a1i'osoy.rl a9 €uq ap rS uolr.req afl el,r,;ro,r nfirrad.ru,r o(gJRor.royri ir,tl:lao {)

b. In notatria peniru instrumentele wtei orchestre sintfonice se folosesc

4 chei t sol pe linia II, /o pe linia lY, do pe linia III qi do r.re linia IY,

astfe,l:

- pit:coltt foloseqte cheia lui sol

- flau,tul foloseq'te cheia lui soJ

- oltoiul folosegte che,ia lui soJ
corrutl e.nglez folos,e;te cheia lui soJ
---- clarinetttl bas folose$te cheia lui sol

lin- ia fugotut foloseqte clreia lui /a (cheie prinripala) 1i cheia hri r/o

pe IV (aheie secundard)

--* contrafagotul folose;te cheia lui /a lui Jc (rireie
cornul fo'losegte cheia lui sol (cheie principali) 5i cheia

sec'undard )

- trontpeta folosegte cheia lui sol clreia lui r/o pc iinia lll ;i cheil
- trombonul foloseqte cheia lui /cr,
lu
do pe linia IV

-* timpanu,l fo,losegte cheia lui /tr
celesta folosegte cheia lui sol gi clteia lui /c

* clopofeii (GlockenspieJ) foilosesc clreia lui sol qi chcia lui /rr

* xilofonul folosegte cheia lui sol gi cheia lui .fa

- uibrafowr.l folosegte cheia lui sol ,;i cheia lui /o
-*
uiolina (I qi II) folosegte cheia lrri sol
piola loloseSte cheia lui do pe l,in4a III (oheie plincipald) .Si cheia

lui sol pe linia II (cheie secunilard)
* uioloncelul folosegte cheia lui -ftn (eheie prilcipah), c|eiir lui t/o irc

linia IV qi clreia lui soJ (chei secundatc)
* eontraba.sul foloseqte cheia 'lui /o
f iind instlumente polif onice, utilizeilza porta-
tivul- pianul . orga qi harpa,
gene,ral cu doui chei * sol Ei fo - {rare pot fi $S(iz.ate in diferite

conrbinatii, rlrrni necesitate :

74

9L

q(''!'rsul-lErlBBFtu)nlzsrsplo-sId'J3uJ

'iarrJ olrrlru {'ri{ JD-oiu[,oJ

c;l .lolcl1r3{unJJs'uI o[B aJBptinJJS r3 alUdrAut.rd Joltoqc BaJeIJcS SI {f €ZsAp'A'r
<utl es pJ)sB loJ .rnpr1qul.rod lnlndactlg EI gzu*B os oJec Eclcrll llla[i rcrtrt
r'udu eJuJ lott a[laq3
m{rr oJJlrBJuo n3 nlJf,s a$ lnln.'\11€r.rod lnsur.ldna u1 oulaqa terunu Equrrqils

'ttotElIIurrltr t$ nu as

eJJ.trtoap tln.rllul.rotl adaaug aJBJ r13 elctla eAcB 8l t€ul,nu Ezuelou as P.tr]'.pdSa.l
rJnur.ru o.ll1ul.rod Inun InsJns,recl ad alleqc Brlurq]s as Pr:c InzBa {r[

: lnpall

:.r1lui.rod rsutnle.ru FJps? u1 ri ayoqr gqtulr{cs as 'arntruaun'ldns
Jolllrur sa.rd EaJBIIAa n.rluad tFluluautn.rlsrtr erielou u; {l'{o?u1

'e loqc FJFI nrJcs es afqn'IrJocDart auntsnc-$d dlt ai)1ualutLr]a-tt I

reUPped

pnue{f

): ( Pr.leqe Petl .,to 1'*'leo r"l trtr
'1nunl1n Jer';o1rLtt1lrt elp,t.rozad purrl sns elr r.tn]Blrot[ pnop el;]a 'of n* 7os
olrorp p,uIsoloJ'a,rr1tr1;od ta;1 ad lrnu$rqo ol.t:ts as atuu oSJo nJ7uat{

S I $. .ternntrl de mutart la oetavir

tn,rfat',l dr chei, pr:ntru evltarea lnlosirii pl'er rnuItr>r'lilii suirlirnen"

tirrr]. b.ri rrrai i'n' trc''b:ui'n-'[ellattzai u"ssi scnrnul da mulcre Iu. lctatd. care se rlo[eazi)

;rstfol : S ""'" alta ,<t "q . "" ".....; =' acttttn bassu-
ele se !or irrtona cu o
Cind se'.rnrrirl estc agezrt rlrasu;trtr, natelor, octav!

rrrrrl $u-* (octlt:a erlta). pina .rct,lo "*rn.de sr {enuina girLrl de ;}urrcte sau sr:

$Ass$tn indicafia Inca.

,fe scrrr; [t'betut:

ijr" Chopin { l8l0- l84t})
Fantezie in fa op. 49
minor,

ilaca scnrrrtrl este a$ezat dedeswbtu[. uole:lor, ele se vor intona cu .o

oc[r!v.r rnai ios (octuua bassc), pina acolo rrtt,ilr: se terminii ein.rl de punctrl
$au sc gase;te indicagia loto :

ts scnie: €feclul:

€' :F 6 ET

A. l-laciaturian

tr]aletul,,Spartacus"'

PianoI

PianoII

7G

LI

'- 1,-rrr q.)s i)t)r,t/-il ":riI!]l?i equlri uI J

tJ: ( uol ini ) i,rtltlolruros rtrt)[) trJ sIiF'ro]II{ t:.,}e1}{l{}, lournqln'nnp 'v

i { rrr1tr iltr ) t;rrtr1r}l.lf riuts fl[rtrlt [li]r rnIiPuij]tirr EJ.rLl )6 adtl)'lnlqfl{} '9,

__a

#+

i ut.tlrlllili 1ti'; ir;) rt:tlgurlixr r uJn:o{it}.} lnl{ltridtl'7

',€

-.a

: \;rri:ittrAE' Usr 1[ r Ullt'U{r},ltL l: t,ii: j lilz2 t ii {

: ]ilClc IttJt)lii[ttJrr 'r!r: 5rX Jo[.riOu tralult$l t]24*q
li{ i.r.iiji} *tl*r.i"r';1u;}[i auuri)a [rr]i0 qzpainrn{IJJIut o-q f[sn]tp EriDtrou utr

/0lalt;u?ts r7ltr!ilpu! oal!t.tii ii,

.ilirr t.rz'tii?ti'# i$ [iJ(ujrl, !,r r?j.tti'r, n:n dJ![v,rtl d/.)flilr.]$- ["]aP 3uls- alttil,.ts1Iv'

"., JC)llrl ilJcllB s?.!l!i{}lii.ii

{rrJrl *- trrl,puoJsap nEr^ f ti?pttoJ ii:l Bi!rJ i[]{rtrI rlJ e tut)d { ls 'of i4, ' t!l

't1$ :tr '$,+.) r6e:Hzrrilr rupo!!' alB rirJnidtr dir)Jat[I"]"tl) .v{}J;}}l)ilns E?ruti!l^rrrl

nirrire"rrt:t. '{}F
^s

:fnpaJS :e/",{f i1i

it

*:Aslao.Elqnp Ezualou o-q d.u::., ri:"ttl il"t.it., '(:i li,tJll) Illi Lli:;ll,':!R

-rt i6 ?JHfJIJOJUi nns .).rP()rJAdnS e,t8i3(! i:r)rr{r i}1r rr}fl)1}li)ilt ll.i1;r;1 111i;115 p.1
1

JIt . 0ccat'ut q -' anuleazri efectul r:elorlalte sernrrc tle alleratie. re-

aducind sunetele lii iutumalia natrrral,r :

Alteratiile dublc }t gi fb car€ ufiileaza dupi a,lteraliirle sinrple de

ar:ela;i fel, au efectul ui'ulill.{-lr :
-,trr(tlrtl.rliez dupl diez rrrcI intonafia nunrRi r-rr un ierrritun

Yzt

- du,blu,l,-bemoJ dupa cnboar$ intonalia nlltilal CU lltl s{:'lllt[{ll

rea lToerorsecticv, asifratcpeosdibinilecotrm.iibrlienagrei acv'saedtrrrunpelleoratltleeraal,ilit.er[anticacoeu_n.locsaczu!tes.o[t)ae-

eronrp.lu :

innrr-itatetr);iplul-diez tsfi *rcfi intonafia cu rrci serni ton,uri (uu too $i

gi j L-nnitatrtiep)l.ul-bent'ol ffb ooboarii intonafia eu trei scrnitonuri du6 ton

lrt denuntirea silabicd, -natndroa,lere, ,lantci,afrue, sol , !a, si -numsuenleetaell,ete.(rfaelpietierlees)-
aiterate sc obtiu din cele
s*: adaugi
pective. De exonlplu drv tliez. re bemol, fa dublu-d.iez, si thr,bltt-bemol" wi
bcrur eLc.

rat€ tn clenumirea literald c-ele{,nadtu, rea,lelntegr.,rnaiu, altt.ii-le: sun€tele {*eptele} elte.
ie oblill ad*ugind [a

,,, penlru il {Ctii = cts)
lblr pentfu x
e8 peilru b {crtfl$ = ctstB}
{ct€s a ['€6')
penffa fu
{Cf e,Ygt =gg6eS1

78

bL

9{ { Fi€3iane slgJc ol Joitttsn! E qlFel c3uIPJo erp}rl:s V I

_-u.n}uoOrEur.r^6}rE}F'i3r.ua-s€?Tl.rasl1-rraurlap.llJapod{lJJ}€oo"trJusnculla'^pIlus}?una.asIu'EtlnJJJ?s€e}dnrapaa.lJpleopadrllldezopaaua}Jiurplulon:!slla}lnJiuu€poitspoi'palJ3orluaddisl3Au€?Jslnuap!rExa?9snpsu1uslllpnn€tlJz-alao3auprununezlIssaa'a(lap?a(lser}t-)"nJ?unst:nteJu.l-edrieauria'-aFaTJluoJlooa,li-appoIuolluaaIsEJu3-.ansapeusJ-}BDeJoil?JlIaa|s{s

2! e/t e/t e/t ?;1 e/t zt, zlt CIt 4r

"rl

,puiJ [r,K$lrd u1 '911nzar :.rIo*lnauldoal3lquaesaJFenJoolpIBB'c!\|alntolnaugioalD1F1,a.taii4adpurggcEunadlelals?aQco'el[ ulp

rolIIiBrotIB u Eolrots! 13 pol1o;roat BIiBoIIdxS 'rA ,q

*ee$q 73 ts q- 1ls gtyttl - rc /J tttl- #g
*sese 13 et 9/f/i8 - uel *"tt? # Pt
f,P* 4et
-san6 aStos -s,s$ x los -c6 &$s
p5* lns qt/- Iet
-se,eal al! eJ v4* lel -f./q# x e..l sE - fi,u
x ta slp - ier
sase - !t!u ce - 1!, 'C!S!e - -s,t #0P
sap- qer
sesep -11er g,Stp - Y, aJ nuzluag un
eJecrfl
&asil * u0it JgJ - lttp 5".9fi * x.jp

HnaQlue? €n?p u2luteg an unuo!ilfes PftnP

,1nJ ai$oqot nJ et!r0q03 t n3 eJeJ4l

I r*: FI r?rrl r g.rrqe [s sof ttlut
rrl allsoloJ .a]uJo+lE rs olernlnrr l1] ut,tr:6
.1oi€launr- .Io,lnl IrroiflB]

(4 ts) ca4 e8 Jot ul q

uJ(4 et) s?e 3p 301 3r'

(Q ta) f;, a,0 30/ uJ J;

:311'9 IUUI 3l)

*gtfal u1 o1r e ridocxa arj rr.rlBJalrl uriulou u! 'rl lrJ')l lr? alou 3lcJllol ltttl.lil

ral, i11 {}r'dinr\:i cvinl.ei{}r d€ric€inde:ite, de si bemol, de un<le inc€'trlf serrt }',('I::r1'
lilor'. Tot astfci se obfin mai depa'rte dubli-cliezii gi d,ubli-bemniii. rirtni rrd.'". '1
p+:ite observa irlat jos :

.\t-,:, !/? r,ap// 4tr..i\re {axilr'ttt: Jetfi Ce t,sflc ^rldtAp tena fe1ylt: dfetAle .r, -

b. Istoricee^xe, alteratrile r.pa: tn rapornul dinl,rc ja-sr, i:t rcotr,uJ lez.olval r
dificulHtilor de in.lrina{ie prccluse d<" intervillul dc cv::riii m:irilll iluml.". di::
aceastA c:rr:zir. ?n r.,,v:.i.r :rierllu ,d,i,obrtltt:.; in rrt,ltsictt*.

P{r-ti: ?ir s€rij'llii liIV s;:igr-:rri ulterafie in ue e-ra b ttte'mol.ul) Au*;l b.
cai€ r'epilezenta sure'l:i:1 st, atit ir-r de-numi|ea liter:ili, ci:: Si tn dt'fi;ilulriln:a;"]-
lal:jcir. se cinia fie la lcr t$n. {ir la Lrn semiion deasupra Iuj a (l*), Cind sr
cinta ia "Jn t{}n <tcasupra lui s (lt,i, dAde;, na-steJle intorryalului ci,.: c'i'*,r;".',; i*.i;'ita
flrti ir'e fc i.fn*.tii;ii.ninr' <lur" {.api perrirr; {'ar{) €Jfi ntrrn!t b-alTlgr,t;n.

!n s{1uir, ac€sta iir: rJo*: cir Ii1e-ut l.;, r:vind pariri.: {nirr;rlalqa.iri p.,trJr.a I
dr; unde numcie <le b-ctru,adratu,'rn, xau l]-carrurn""

Cind slr,ni':ful si sc cin'ta la"u,.r:! stytnlt<ln dr,us,r.4na ltlr Jtl, t:*.:r:rrtfrrrul ril dlt:-
trk' ril t:iiontrlui rlispii.lea, dc:venin*l in lel'ul iice:;i.q .e-n;il dn'jce. m:rl rnr-ra,lr: +i. in
eonser!ni5, mai{ ugrll'ril intonzrt, rapcrtril inhr: fa--s,i bemol fijrrrl riir!.rrn dL, rivai''iii
pcrrfer."t5, {ln as.!,fel dr si sla n<lta,i: r:t: litr,;i:1," avin<i ua,rlca itrierioe:'il !y,tr:n{l:i
gi 1:r.rria. n,u'mele g\s h-inoli*rrt,.

I)e la ti-carr'urn Jie-a limz.s i-ir l*:i,iitr!r+ jierllrluJ de:)tclali+ titc.urt.l. i..; ii.:
\a b-m-oXhntz- semru.l dr aIt,<'retie hemr.ilu,!. pgimn! r:u st:risu-i rricdil'jca't i:rti rJe
cei v,,:chi.

in {:e piivc,:i.(- ,.ilierttt". Ft'iii:1-l{lil rRuz^itala a e"rruliui nrctiitl {'rrnogtF-rr u)
h-i:fli':;;it1 $u rL?ronr ;:*,ni.r'tr l lrjic:-n'e;;l clt iili $gIT!i-i,o,fl s lul .qi-b{Jflxli. a.i 91 g;;i1l
e;tle rjrjiea pe fo er: iro''r serrrii{Jn, 'r,r)'i, fli se rtpui o'e ;: srtihila rtl|r i1;t!r i c,r,,.,r1-ej
rnh|iie fo - .ri st rj,t' a, o liitn,sllorrrl;a in ,r'var't5 l;a'rfr:ctir

4 reirtli e {et"fef,.id

Ali;r rrjli,ri in 11,(iL,ahk ui h i , b+:rx tL: alrl,eralie .'-r,)jlrt?'-rL. *{.;rJ tL (?.pi1.1t

m:rj i:irziu tli.nrimirea de ditu.

in antidjhiiat€a g\'eac:;, diesis (diviri{me. irnpa.4edlfr)! 61"au nro,rnjtt )nr'.i} -
viili'le illnj nrici rlecii semjitonul, ctlrn e3:;:, sl}ire exemplu, sfec'tur} tlc't"'n dln
er::lt'iti{iliia <.{trt' irn,ndrlp-tt si'r;ilrtt rtI 6n d,oltd. piirti. egit!.t ;
t:i:;rc,,:11t-:r

i'i1, 4i!t-

Pl'iJ] extcr)i:ie, irn eF.rr^-rl n jedieviil;j "s-;1. llu n:it diests 5i !r'tit:'r u1 c',1 ;rllr1,:.,r-rr.l
cirrurier se o;btine,l. ii'r u':'case. slirneiu.'tr <e irnxta-rte tanul itt dotti
ilrit /1 r'ge,l c.

BO

I8 [ .(.].1 il3t?;iili, 1. ]1ii.r! ilr sEJE_rx
"nlu.1!r!11:' T.:rjJS ep sit.)s u! "F(iiAI

r

: JJU0I VUllll al!"rns rur u! lts
suil\"1 rJ lgltorT l-:crq J{}l In}.,}aJc ,u.rifirnr;,;l.rrl op rnln-oTo8al oeJtsoloJ rud

(eSOr-SorlaBll())Bte^sy.W

: u"rnsrlur al) LrJaq
etr:r.rrl e1 gulrl'prrlco tSr+;lln tu[r rs Jiu'Ilu lsPICJs tlc +[alorr alrol n.llrrctl ]caJ+
pu\ e "rololou DaItrft)u! y):fi*n as (ltiuapt:.:u) a1niua'ltttco al!!tDraIly 'I

olu}iop!rrl, roilliurallts s a!Icrtolro ep !inffall

'g.r tt t.t tr'tr

orl ilznclou cs oilT "alnlua[,l]xn nln.ta11n:)sctltntl os cFInJrznltl nsi)rrtr llsIJ:;$
rlse orEr u! r rn[,rrpom aIL' nns llitttlnuol c[B a^rlnlltsuos e]uatttcle pllrtJarr
epecrzrrur InsJn.lsIp u[ IE]ucprcrB JclcuJB.] nJ taurllrr .rutle a.rua alrrle,c]1y

a[?]uaplrse a1r;iu.lo11tr+'n
'itttttnt;t.td ap r* a:ttg'ttTtTsttrst'a.n1 t!ailtJin : t.TnlJ.l r?.!l Jp,
fJ iod'.:llulou u1 lrs'.rurylcpui I! G.iua cd pr;o,t r;tILrp'plfslsllu ap lrlau'ilri]{.-

prilru-la;ld ai! gA o,\glt'!!l!srE{}a 5ctrn;rrrtjrulllu
.)llliur0|lv '|ji'ati):znfir !ilit:ii)it {I3 ,!{}llJirtJd}iu t:rt.usr}i{rd 'fg

C. Saint-Saijrrs (,t885-lSpt )
Vals capriciLl, op. 76

2" Pentru, sunelele d.in oclnve diteritc, thiar daca fac pante rlin ur,ee,aEi

rnf,surir, alteragiile accidentale nn silt I'alabile, ele trebuini[ lnernIionate i,lr
rnod expres, atit in scriitnra rnr:lodicir. cit si in cea ar.monicrr :

Atlegro Yivace S. V. Rahuraninov {r873*ie43}

Hunroresca op, 10, nn. 5

Iry leggzero

';1. Orice aLLcrttlie acciclentald noud, anuleazir e{ectutr aitcragier pu'c*:n:--

tlente :

N. A. Rimski-Korsakov ( 18"{4-[g0S)

Opera ..Cocogul de aur"

i.t

TnanppaorlouJnd elssaer6vxe'alilieBlLuraopl lclnadBelaula! c 'EAIlJeds€J eaJeJstll gSlJlS IoSpOJsIl}so3s;!delt[ UI
-ou Ifi alal{J eI t?intuJB :}4l} au
ru1urp rlrqEls E ap ealElrllqrsod
ad InSuea'ro's.lrnar.lr!r.ergd Jelndl eunrrln'rl.rriosFuzo{}rcielirlro],lE} "rrroullfEl
leru €6?al

r

: o,rtlllll-l-{!10.1 "ttt1tlie.re11e E HCc}
,.rsd B,lur^3 tr! ncSJJSd tilur^c urp BerrrpJo EJr?Ic reul r$ also ou o.raO u1 osof
lsul ap fitu'3r131 meurlqo'eurp*o !lsP. oP le.rcrroF Tnrrlel.rorl ild llrllJns^gl$o(l

! aet '1op ' ti,t' ' 1'u ' 1P/ ' 1!t '4 ts

,roIlotuoq €ourpJo

{f l" 'fi!, '#q '*rt '* p" '*oP '$ui

IO$zo[p €aulp,I0

, a,rtlxrdsc"r "Ioll.Jrt[jotu ttus .toi;uti:i tti]JrrttlJ{JJ ttg qllttrzutl as
rurnl u$u 'r31;ro1.red qlutrJ irr plcoy;rerI ElrnAc urp prrrlJ rjJnur;rB cl oatlnltl$lroJ
roJrr{uro11e gerir.l,urle EoutlJo "aratp n7 nrotnaplo:}u3 ?:nr}}ou a* t).rrnu.tt. 'f

rollJntllJs e a11u.r3o1"lo ap r1n6ay

(t,A"uAsts*grlSr3Slo)r"r3u"lrren:aEdl 6.$ (ii d) $) *r{;

e? = f 0IIII9J ollolu eXrBpnV

'0i8]u.)prJ.rrl Jrrilrirrtrllu ealrstiloj ri r.rrl
ri.*lrl.lltr *.xeluriurJ'l _. lpir]rporit r3 tleod 1g;.)1aanlco olEol urp curnrr ril:1orrn
il;i "rox.rlou Jfi.il'l]rl1 n,rr[rr,er;,3n5r;sg.r os c.\rln]ll$nol;rolrrju.ra]lB lnloc],{

-aj'.].l {8JrIn{i.r r'.llntui}}sls i]lt '8.1lJnl'4sLlor rrintallt irl) Jl'lurnu 91:nod {:ttJJcrl

nus itrBtrluur)l rilulr t.t:nt.tD pJl,ltrlulntl.rlolsJr'iJorJJril}JJlprlnl .Br!z.}'ui[lrlorrrnrJt'3J.tucc.raeJeceo1np:iorrt.lrrol1iynlrl 1]

a^rlnlrlsrror allriulally q

I n lrrar:ticrl insil. irceas!.i riesliilurare a alteratiilor constitutrre se n().
tr-'az* Ilc rrn sillgur Irorlxtiv, tot in orrlinc;r c\.i]ltelr)r, in a:ia (el incit sA rlr:
rleli;iqr'lt scit liniitele poltatiyllui :

2",lrtnuru, trr:buic "sri /'ie irtlottleaunu amogenii rrtrnrai din diezi r.iir
Folosircir ul(ti trrrrlrri icntel-rn{rtgccirtrela-,arnfotrnrrnAattirrcbrlniniedsieezistrr:;rr,
rrrrir;ai rlirr henro.li. t'un{lirmcnt ptiin!ific,

I'rrrirli .- nlr;lre

rrunrai elenicutclc constitutive ale sistctnului rnuzical rc:ipccliv ( tonrrlitate

sau nr{}d), crrc se succed tlin r.:vinti pcrl'cctil iu cvintii perfectrl,,{lteraliilr

('are ilir liror.in din sur"ccsirrrrra de cvinte perfcr:tc. deci nu iau p:rrte la for-
mulr:irt,rrraiitiitii sall a modrrlui niiturirl respcct.iv. tlcl.ruie colsirlcrrte e*

elernrrrte crotnrttire gi notnte pe pilrcrlr.q.

Prinr:ipiu,i n,-r1,irr"li er.r alrniua-5 crxrgr-,nd (nu,mad din tJiezt ssu ,ntimai d:n l,r-
moli) r:sl+ uneori incAlcat de notbr"ile folclorice, unde se folosesc a,rmuri elrts
rogene idiezj cu be'rnoli), armuri nebazate pe su,ctesiunea diatonicd ir elerr;t--n-
telor unei tonalitdti sau a unui mod (succesjunea din cvinti p.erfecti in cvi nt!
trerfectti), a,ga €xrm gi istorice$te s-a delinit almllra, acesd semn al '"un1;1'r'yii

touitle.

Arrirura tonalititii sol minor' nrmctrir: *e nott'aza - lrpre e.'<r:mplu - Ce
ci:: i. rnij folclori.:ti astiel :

ffi-tf--F-- -.-:j.'-

U;rt'a ar fi sA nol,iinr $i arrnrlra tonalitr){ii sfil rnit!.or m,el,ad.zc dupi acr:]':qi

Lrif i,( liqr 1,. am obi,in{l ;

Atit til d,zez, cit gt tnt beuLr' diri exeinplele prezen lalc nlaj sLIs t. ;lr:

r.r.'eqt sd aparE pe p:rreu.rs. nu la aj'rriur6, d,:.oa'rec€ nu se gdsesc in trrdirie;r

,84

(,:,

'Jllrznu.r el'il:la'l t'l

nnfiturrrn ?J rtrndu:l !$ €zr{e.rau3.f ainod As nu 'amdxe oTeAgoru n;Suad 'p eatr€1l
nJ ueJr}ulJi3 elou t? ap qr€!uEur ap lalSsa o 9c tugJsprsuoS
-;{€LtiF}.1S E+eotr "gsulJ?sar alxeltide o nu Is areztlBJaua8
ap pEJt ltuJnuB

[Jn a,te e"?p murnE a.li:xB eo l€Japrsuotr alsa nld]]ul.ld un "auoatr ul '"1o
'IrirodoJd ap :rgrtnt €l"rls Es €qron lso] s pul3 !]un3e }!sP.rEd e-f *
ar€lndod

ar,alul} ap sles a$raFairru, ug n€patoJd +sate ?lsoJoJ B arBc - lsnsul li9ueF]
"/r!trFdSaJ [Balznul [nlnlxe] uJn?3a]
ir rJ! c--:?r,d is nu e ap TnlsII ?Jr-l] s,:)jldp alij-'od leul as nu lnapaJo.ld 'ali]uryJ
..r..(',{;}lnr.l;J:} ale lJr.tqllrlq3J alosap Is aJllielnpotu Jtsde apun 'q;nF.raaue ap slllli4xj
-{Lilj} Lttr "{aAIln?ri}suoJ !11e"Ia3le aullnd ne ;:nuIJe JOJET aI€ nBs 'Lrnutxe ne nu
art]:} ea[6.]E) Il9lpl€uoc atrIuxnu€ u! Isurnu ]s 'JBindod g'nln€lul) 3l€ 'oleuolDuou'i
rasrrr.o op 'a1.rnos ailrpt}ialu etr sulJlsa.t lnlol na porrl u! 1!mp eJIIdB a+eod a{ nu
af ij1:'rp{}Iatu-r'utull etldaJu,oa o Eqs IaJ lsaJe ug E,Innu"iJB lr4flou Bz"q P'rl

'IB)Izntu Inlnlxai {|a.rF}la ul
sllet€'r*rpNlee llgrrn3g.Ip 'npord ls €rItO€Jd $OI €B quls nu fJnuLrB eairoluas-v

';:=_-:=*FtF--:=+:-:-:-:j:tz*.-E-5!- It rr--a--:-=:il:-:--?--: f-4

QFJ, lL---€-*----+r --._: F

-:---.:-=---"-Erf;'=

:e4saJe {n[a] u! t4EJe si\ 'alpx]Iaui !*eaate ruluad 'eJnu.tlu 'Jo$sur !S uI

:[aJ?,s-u exBm iiG €sndsu€s1 erp'olaur nrxsad sJnurJs 'Jor?ur lor..raq los uI
'Irqelr^aul p$uj u!
tos !r! ntrduFxa i.rl
ards
$)A as aalrI,BnlE@orldn6ulloEs+il-euoJloraeltlu€ !s Is Jofetx lourag aundsuer+ ruo^ - o'Irf)uo3
a4tra} u! EsuS
alpolaru lsEaace 9tec
"nldu!$ !S osa-lU BaJEd Js napatoJd +saaB "aJapaA Burl"ld rrf

: asBOlE{UJn €rnttiJE gaAe Ji€ '(Iell.ral.ra
rrlrsrK)"r? rRJOtBtu) cll-r{}qso Jn !s Jtr otralda4 pul^€ "roleu oc ealBllteuol uJ
ustss oiljolal"rI O : nleiuiaxa ac "alauns all€ ad ltpolal'rl gaun lFaundsue4 Inzer.
u! I* Il€XIrt?{JTp SJnpE Je aJl}BuIoJt Joia}uat'"1ala e E.rnul.qB Bl Ea.l6'loN

'ad!l}ods.}J lllqltleuol e EAllnlllsuo'3 E.lnLu.IB ur"i
i::.1grlu +(}d nu JoI oTrlusltalreJBr dtre.rnlBu lru,i]urlu ai.a a.iE] 'gzeq op TIJEJS ]
e:iill€{u&Ja ari},}lJrF{}ru o eJ JedB }Il.}{}leru plr 1* ;iuoulJe lnic}utur }!i}nJ}ul

: Iru!4t::ti-iirlt Ji#
r"lr .-ri{r1r..;tr i:.1i-iir}.ro L:l 'fa}ur-'l lsl.r,J:ie::l r:r.I!"3 {: '*l,tl?u^r Ji:s' fltrl:lll"u'Qi i: i''i-illn 3 AB

'J. ,Arnruru se men.lionenzd lu, tttnte tonalitdtile 8i nr.odurile. in a{arir de
acelea ru trepte natLrrale. Dintre tonalitili, nutnili 1)o major (C tlw') 7t lu

rrrinrrr frz moll,) xtt:t ;ru fl{}nnr,i-r.

4. Ctnd se scftinl,d $rnlurcl in rnteriorul piesei rnuzicale. alleratriile
ncvalalrik-" ale acesteiil sr: ar:uleazi prin bccali 5i se pun ce]c loi. rlacir

es tc ca zul :

R. Wagner ( I 8l 3--r 1883 )

0pera,.Tannhaiuse,ru'

e. Alterafiile de precaufie

Pentru r€Bmintirea valabilitalii sau nevalab'ilitetii unor altera!ii intil-
rrite mai inainte, se intnebuin[eaz\ olteratiile de precoulie:

A[egretto ].roo x . pfe[aurte
Iry lcgg?cry G. Bizet (l8SB-1875)

Opera .,Carmen"

F?F;t des ram pd!'tt 0t

L8

c 'c13ol IS 'proo?& xs uttd, ,o't,r1lu€a] dodIuiuoI)llpeupos uI !uls?u,g a8Joac ap, lslaFns lsoJ
InlrBJs BloG e ap Ia] 1sa4/ i
tlpBrd urlsgF II

r[] l.roJs un no Briuuolul !:Jr:oq0.) lt,utdq aP )lnl,ilu!t{ -

: uot op 1.re Js tItl nc urfuuolul po.ru | "a1p ap aln1ptunf *
rJoltiruJn IuiJJ'u! gzealorr cs oJBc 'uo1 ep olt,ullra1.

'drurI yrurrlltr rt1 solr: rnurJol air.rltriJanl Lr{ cse!ro{o1 !.ro1rzoduroo {rtrll

uol op ronrnfretrs €olurfrN 'gu s

,(,rBslltLtU-rponlsrrS) uslsnU" 'BI la'woO

Brulc

:.rol€lon telur€IrJ etln]:JJrtotr{l rrnd es c1o (rrrrr linpJ{}.tp rrl

: IaJlsB 'rnln,trlBUoiI e.ru;n ug 'ro1+goLr
Inl{ylsJyap nus u.r<I,nsuep olzea}orr as 'plepoalyc'srlnerc.rr{ ap alrrir;a;1y

'11.rtr111.rerl erJllr" EzBo.rnAn

.-rJon1Jriarrpazcal.nrdirzanprrrrrne-leserriculauprIcoc,urusticlnJeuur nln;lro-tst({gea1rurro1ysllaordirr-ure,rrldxaaidpriraolecuurrr,taug qJr4

@ un f; iPz 6t iumd.tate S ,,relt intonalia cu rrei sfcriuri rte tour

*" un ftentol 5i jumdtate bb coboar$ {,nl.onaiia cu t'rei sf
r{o rton :

f)rumul tle la altcralia cuil !ilit; Br.r{;i ;urili ia cea mai aerrif,, prin ri+.

tenouj rlertului de ton. este urmdtorul :

W,b\;brL;[; 1,il,ffi

G. Enescu (1681-11),);)
,onata III pentru pian qi vioani,

Colectia,,Melodii orientale",

Flditori : Abdel Rohman $i Hlsuhlen r.;

Andante J=eo

88

68

P.'l?l|tu r!l lS or,?J os ?*rnrsu nrleuolur ", ",1:1"',:;tt,l;;":":ri,ti,'1,?" "'

)loiirTg 'g rp sJlnJ Sntag utp f,of or3ailV

;n;alrr n I u19

alirat)ttJ ul itll ,ty ltuJs -k

h tn:rJ7t lt1 ltol ttlj tsa{s = 9,'

s

: ll()1.11?(l il aP !:lr'lllllll i-\()J I {rt 1.) gip 'lto} ir[] ,[ollJltl.r;lrt
lo.i llu o iS JllJulilrit n'ir!;ri :rs.)UilurlJ,rllrtrlr;ll Jn:!;!ltn;) ill

B. REPREZENTAREA GRAFICA A DURATEI

SUNETE LOR

Durata sunetelor se reprezint* in seris prin: nttte, pauze^ legato r e pre-
lungire, fwnct (le prelungire gi coraanit.

S 24. i\-ote si pauzg. Valorile lrinare qi f.ernare

Frineipalele eleniente prin eare se red.l in tcris rinr'a ta irr litrrz,.it:r'i sirr t
notele si pauzele.

Itrin note ee determin& tlurulu stuwtetor, iar lrrili nlaLlze" duruto &urerii.
Atit neitele, eit 9i pauzele reprezint4 un fragrnert sau o pcrtitlnn {}in
tirnp. au o anumita valoare in timp. cle aceea nrai Xroarts nurleie rlc t,olr,rtl
(rle note Ei pauze) sau duruttt2.
Datorita formei lor grafice. iurre tiiferite,tre valori cle note .e strlbilcsrl
raporturi matematite preci,s€" care deterrlriua celalia unei valori falir tne alta.
Cind aceste raporturi au la baze principiul eXiviaiulnii frinare a vitlcrilur,

adic6 se divitl cu doi pi cu rnultiplii aea$trria (2,4, fi, lt'r), vnlorilt-''qe !]u'

nrese binore.

Cind aceste raportrrri arr l,:r ilaza plincipiul diviziunii terna!:€ a valorilor,

atlicil se divid cu trcr ri c,u nrrrltipiii aco$tuia (3, 6, 12" 24), valorile se

nlrme-qc tgnare.

1 dSeturdeipuol:edzuerarntetaloree-a- aceehsiatorreSiinn'usrcnraisi in apsrpeegc6utql tenoinr itgerla€d'grec.reaeditee6o.raetlicmboa-
f-i comsiderat cs par4e jimlieg:'ant5 a
dulari
importanfidui capitol despre rifrn, putincl

ac.sh.r:ia-

nn,iu,neevnaacumsrloitaeiurcpn-auPnie.oiealcaeinr{nettteidrtc'rnueueou(lcamateadtu,teedites"ei,f,ne)e,oiirnsnteiesnttnrurtmu:trreigcuaceaictitnttnt-toterrteiaeednplpucerprepeetiddzarzietnitsni,itutScp{eraea,n.upp{unnzaauteearrr,ttteeeeflls,tauartveennic0ilmicettn,ct,usetinandiroytteaaSsecttu.5iuacn.itelades$ieerniii!dnpnreniaene€'cnledienncsrltaileeatcattslu$etec€r.il&aapaie-teterxtjepst"itl{.reievunasnpsiltceruirenlylei,ti

90

il.6

'zaluP,.rJ alielou ap In{uals{s $1 els"olB lnlaJl {r'9i {E)?$ea"}Jorsut{'irc{ 1oniu'.lr}ltr'nlged€paaprLe3z€neVd t

r tp

gleurs ?l*olbt3:a {qBll. o-f,lulp Purlf'irrr ;aqe[Is ]]Jt 3p 3illtoJ {n-asd_l &-:}eq a}a&}ue)tBrs fllBlfr Fop
terarrrd ad €F llr:?p lnulrH
t

'a.[.eulq lirltuttlcJ B StJis
ul tsoJgfo.t ltI i]sa,i.,{fls t.irriil0,r'zr^l{r u{.}lrirr.rr11 ltnSaJl{r! n'"i r€.IEulq gil.tnlei{

'/cNref=qPO'=(8 =1, b =tr z =Q

: B,r{pu '4./ull

-Iq 7.'.nt?r18.I:np lnldl.pul^rd il{i} lltlilzal 3JtsJ unc"rof{PJ u! }u!$ r"T0lB.{ a}strJV

L eawrJ#dt7azteg L

fE

fh eeu$p$aztaq'g

b ( 'lWaqele"Jd.tie.g

b ( eauJtljG i

t(r i r eaulrlPJ '€
nes' z nes r eeu!00 g
/7es
l,-:-:-:-:-l.*_-----.'---c- e6ea44 Etstl 't,

r----:+<- Y(r

flv-zt
-___t_nes

JiP[lPtu/?tt?J?? epTnpd e10u ep ufi,tl ereulq lrcteA

eruulq lollro|uA illolqsn

.GJll0lgz{tllrii.iuoi] Jpzrisd n0 '.]i0ril AP ytlFIJ alduS uud guttlril,,r a:
oo (uJe{rr{{ BJnIE{r ol} {J{)1lt1 +1dB* "?*A5nl{rl aliPlolt eI} itlelsli {nlttIllJV-

b;uu1q eltrolsA

'{IInAX-{t,tx

B'll.lsc){ns)etuaoilJlat,.Lrl$el{?'@lB15rl..'/Ja&1!,a,t3a"rdde,1nm]slr,a1'paf'a.rfpcrrr'rorieyJsll"oqudalewpe),}go.l]e61l'a11!1roan{dzu.+xrpn!.-tuegur.+rlre1! J*'a,1$pn1lsd9uuonl}n[loeBa-J5oasaannJDE'J'pgnuu'llrerqlua1}!ruqxl{lnnwle}ll.iIl
-nrid E|drnp eaun!z!^.Ip arj or..qasoap aids 'r$?pai{rad otttcuaw} p1})[tad s.] El}e"[3p{s
-uo, ?$oJ E F,6 reuJal [n$dlau!.ld qdrxip soun-rzprtp '1n$tdurxi al? 33!1eJ'oJ] a|rl$e'rap
-!sui:)3 rrr 'eJ aJe.T '*rotla raxsaoe slr?nlu $I 'r fH,arsp In{nlulfr elueulut?i]3'l.l
'sle$1p 3[tlFa]Fp ar1li1 astea;rd 3J]:t?IirJ]eLLl
I,rnlrodE.r rsaliqe'is 3s pugr '{.X1IX-IIX 'ms -
ri.;anr3s sJoda nt put aat4 arls+oin u! o:tpoJlrrl sttrD,cn$r'aun Ln-yol{}ut atreuoltlode:ci

3s i6 qTeaz[lB]sLt} e8 alg '"btal8"l
-np B allJ€JB lpgtirezarr{a"r Intuaurop [[$ aisFunnapu] T.iq?ng] .t{}un ello'rdxa luxs
'teu.re1 Frrdlcwr.rd qdnp e3.l3e IS 1!3 '.IetJtE fnrdlcnrr'rd qdnp eaunl.-lFltp ?iXV

V;*lmrite fprrxfrre

,0r,,,6,!n1,"1!'eii r,r,rrr [rtrneI n,r flrrrtca cireaptA a talnrilor [-rinare. r!rlr.rts
{,'r:${(}r'ir $fl lnaregte {lL} .iu.nrii tate, ohIinilltlu-se in arest tel t:al,-tril,p tsrnrt,re.
! a['ri'i carr' se p(rt ..[iride ('u ;] ?s multiplir .{' , iltlrft.

\+tr;s!rrl srFterlr tle srotutie folooegte $a,pte val{rri de rnatlrril te{:nar&"
{e: 6e exiinr}i6 prin **p&e {iguri rNe nnte, eu pauuele eoresplrnaftto{ire.

Tahloul vatnrilor tern;*re

Valon ternare fittun de note tauze le cor e,spunzafqara -

,. t{7ta fntrea.ga capanst trI' ffi.-)4ttsF--r_y-.**_ o:!r ffi

4)

2 fiaimee ctr puncf I ryt *s*.
fi :s,ifrimea cu puns: J
4 {trpr!{itea Ca pult1t Il" ,fdu L"tau
6 ,tai,rprezgcimea cu ouoel I
6 ,ftetl€fit"ilmea eu ptrr?tt a 4

/" parce;::t;l1frirnea €a puilt:r {. $,

l).

Nl\

d,.

h

dl

pIil

.driesto valrrri slur til r*rporturl care rezulta din prnutptul dtutztttnrt te.r-

n.rure. arl ic;i :

o, ,x Aflt *6*j * fl# - t. tfil

Aa {

Valorile ternare, cu urtregul lor eistem divizionar- cetrvesr pfintnt red.*.
rea in sr:ris a ritrnulni ternar r.

I ,\ r? verleil {ilmlJi !,rr fia; $ 6?,
s2

frt,

#nf

5[Sla]xa uI BuuesoFl
{tfigl*.qagt) uu;.rlsagu.g'.1 "{}

C!+O*fi -:'{l
Sn"r.nur *rlott ltDap ilJuut [gur iJU ui]J] o!r 8lUJn[.r t.r trrrrl1Lr"rz*.rtl0.l

: tral lse 'e.reo3gzuntisa.rt.r:r uzrrrtl ,rrr

fr aes h{

: t0] xliaae [r! llze;rlou ss BJExlJat i]J]l(![Eii !l )
(,i.* fr = [}l
: nHnsrln[ sl{)tt [-r:]sp

eJFllx rltr|t{ll tJ(., snop oll| rllls"ruJ) o ulurzs.rds"[ xrlaJq Bloll 'qJBtrlq aJBoIItA ES

: J(,lg[uJn [il{al {r[ oIJsFt os slna.rq rolou o.reolgzrtnr[seloo ri:zue.J

fia neJ

,stira"rrf rslon !6 6"1{!1r.rlrgut Bilcs il! "alSoultl{I! os : lttj lsu ill.lJs Js ;!.r1T'!
nr.rollrA'EuuicaiEd
n('rlc

'o**Er! ep eipuu;,r6) rarsulao;t.l El qa[B ruru "orlaoa BISJtZnU! BJn][:JAi tl ui

6 -Dlt Cl. &tonteverdi ( 1567*iS43)
[-'incoronazione di l]oppea

an_ dY- d

l'oarte fi{f, apfoalrL lir-rurar in f.eorie, se intiine5te gi valoau.ra irinara dc
l2ti-nr.c. care reprezinttl o duratil r!e ? ori rnai rnic& tlerlt fi4-rnea, eare $e

notoazil astfel r

$.,$$ ccefl ce inseamn,u -, $

bq :i5' Precizfrri eu privirc la nofaxea pauzelor
-ci la r.aloarea lor expre$ivfi

a. Excepfii de la notarea obignuitd a pauzelor

ln alari de uolalia obigrluilr a lrauzelotr, care sc r'aee prrn,ernnrte,:.e

fost iritlicate. se mai intilnesc urrn6tonrele ptrrticulariti[i:

ge rio-lrilzl)aaupzlainl)seertmruriuol masurd iritreug"r - oricare ar fi dinutrrea&iagaao(eisnteuiafa-rs

cores,punzator unoi pauze de notd

rl r: nrislrr'a j, perrtru {:ar{i se folorelt*: grallza .de 6rerrjs).,

-- l'luzclc ircutru nral rrrulto filjsuri be lruleiizil iie prr.rn folooirea pau.
zelor de brer:is in cornbinaf ii cu pauza tle notd intreage, fie grrintr<l linie

orizorlhrlit, deillupra cAreia se trece numirutr eare rcprr:zintd totalui mt,frsurilon
cu pauze:

""f;^ &;2.;*r';3 mitur, , 4 nd,sart ;J mi.ryri;gni.ran; zmewn;;gmian;gm4wn;t0nlgti&Jn&w,i
pl"r
gr4

96

'itrsliila olp auutes -lplou aJsptio^r:a;rtrul iltcttutl.ntrd,rlrtulrtpl$oueorezcnslcnuEoa-u1 II.rot
suuras
-?l atr€ ',rtsa.rdvc

'(aao"raluq senb;u1)

.!,algolEulJn eounricn al$oiEFa.rd rs B1nJoJl eaurttfle Ezsuft.to;r prlr.rtds ouJt.rdo
ols?'1]$aldo ol Bs alnqeJl
1nrlur,r1 ul ..'ortsuou alrunrice u! ln.Iqllli[34 lllqsls 1l orlSa.ldo el Es 119 V"
nJlLt;rd t4 tlrrta r1* u
druril x!;) 13 r1*e.rrlo ill !s aJ
'BJOIBACE U ACInB,-r0tU [rJglEJ? COI

EsBtr nu {$ }rulJap outq,}lse ElBrrzilru etlua;ir uS.roloznud lB cll*lse Inloln
'eg ea.rodnlaJlu! nu oetnlsace lu
]uu:a

-rurau[] tnlfiaruala otnlllsuoc oloened 'luxopetud eeJgd JB rsap 'rull.t tl1
'(B,rrse.idxa eznud) trBcrzn{u lruxolrro.i

-usr?ppe1ll€B{?etrrreEcur"tupInE3 i]Ealrrln{qrleusona-.prl'aur!srell.ErrZlxAesBtrAoJl$uen.]JfBlE!]dgezcneadlBo}r'zEnowuaiulalopslulxeJBgJn*ri

'rqe1s rrdunr ad eP olelaune cselncopl! oJat olo.)

cp aEpislIeullrnosdusn1acas1carntaronlun! raJ-B? nldwexa o't"Jldl[!t^(]-ut.r8xJBnosJ*teuzllt8asuJntll!Bnaulsul]lpllol{titarrt1ll
AlAznBd
od
ap;:'ri'lttn1
ln^rl.oul ug og.rnsgut ug'cttultJ lnuasop u1 grtrnao I! oJBc ad 1ulrl trt
qzBrJBA {I$BeaCE 8un€Aplolu! elSO nu lolazttntl s E.r.tSa.rclx;l xl;}Je11[Et
[J
'IBcIznIll rnlnfuqulrl aIE aluawale lolaiudrluud EarEWro] rrl
fl rcop al.red n€1 alg.leruourrE r$ rorpoletu s t6 ua',ttrFtutlt;l u3.l!1uuoJ u! xllP
$ ?saullltl! aS aleznerl'O1a1auns Elulze.rda; eS A.lEc urJd 6alAlou tlJ anirlr!l{{ttlo't
h lrl llcnJlu! oqlrse.rdxa aJuOIEA tr lltr ala 'qsttt a.lsla.l<I.ra1ur l$ oliua"la u g
.EaJOCEI oalelulaau elolEJnp .ir.tcs u! glurza.rdan as aJE} uud "olE.lrttltll
#
ff

]ffi lAlipXou AtrE eluourela c3 rp[llnu i]llllEJ] lirrs al.lznud touoe] tr1 'eascDl-

Jolaznud B E&tssJdxe ueir0luA 'q

' lt1 ;tatlsu.r Itlluou[ tl.r]rttl
nl(lures{tp u! a.Itfleal puJc 'n!zJ!l ruur erincaxa stlltx! Js € []tl!1uJn'raan? rtitlr

.rpol ilcaJl es ErrrlcodseJ ep'FJBd EI 'B[E"Izntu aJBJtnI o"JlIlIP oJuttl nlttr 1rl'.i{tl
.Ee*; un-t1u-[ lB]ult op aJs nu EJ]Saqe,Jo lllp ]ueulnJlstlt trt] {lJu[r '!J{]..tllv

'a,trl.rodse.r {o.rgdo lB lttuuttult!J'rlFo:ldrl
lcund ut'[ gz8?qcJBrl !"clqo ep sJB? '(FIilJ rrot Eznsd : asnndpta1,ta')) 'tl ")
al6lBlltu{ na E.rnlrl.rud $! EZBOIOU eS nJCnl li:|:lB 'uiiilJJril lirJt[]Ot{r trl} rllf ] il'r{l
Es olnqaJq rriuttloJ lotlll IB nlqtu€sr'18 InEaJlu! pui:] Inzulr Ir I
EdnJoJltrJ 'ta}Dt 1b (asnndToeauag) 'd'':) n' ttsa;d.r.r trt.trl

rs rc iBSr.rOIUA eliulofl op outrlSs uud tuurrlrr nu rriltldt; ;]1 i.rlitzl]r]r[ *-

: aarleadsa; JolIJTls|.lrrl nilJBqwn[.]$ g]u;Jpl:ro

EJ*dB {s 1re ttg 1e1 use u! elBlou ?InqeJl pJolsa.lP o.rrrol qztl nrlsalo.-r alazrlud
'rJnsgux ap t.InpJ slyltu ruul t?pau.Iallr ?lrctzuttt psatcl o-Jl tt! l?.]n(l -

F tr. srmne de prelrrngire a drrrnfei" Lecato. prrnetul. coroaua

l'e lrrrgi notc gj pat.!ze elclrrcrrtt. l,rlj ,,ilr1: se reila irr scrir
p-uncsteulir5rtirc-c;ohlrru<rnir'ru!etr.aar.pzaalr$:lei de prelungire *
drrrata srr{-'tel{)r urmatoarcle serurie
rlrrratet: lp-ltrttt"

l. Legatn

{,egot,o de prclurtsirp o rlrtrctei {lonstA tlintr-rur $emll in lormA tle aro

f--\ :iiti

lare rlneSte tlnrrf, note de areeagi indllinre, o:irnr.,J,inrf valorile aeest()ra ;

I'auzeie uu se ule$c pnn leguru.
Ctr a.i rr torul legrrlo-rrltri de prelrrngire pu tcul olJ{ lue tlurate ubl" lor"rnuie,
ri tnrir"e variate. r:a rezult_a! nl inrbiniirri,,lifcli lr:,lor talot"i dl, note:

R. Strauss (1864-tij4g)
l:rrr llolden!t,berr. rrp 40

gtrriilrltltscCllatrirlrl*rlorrplprtre'eelciauttttvtcgrarttiroretlrlerttluulorrurtpeerleirlpt -rleesgicvuielgo(i !adnreesnpcaoctucnrlsaaelce;rsrnctetcetci(rtrrralur.:lctlou)alptlaerijrnnocdteioleyir,|i!ea,Jgllatcrtue*
eare sint legaLe" Ue exertrplu

(-,avaJl.in.;1r.pRcanf ftn('\t.d/i2o2fi-ritssfsiz )

pian

gi)

L6 I lo^ '!l,rznu u rr.rr)rl ep lPlsr [ -

tte: b t - "t r,- af .c- '.l-
-

: lound rnlnturud BoJEolBut ul[, ;]lp]qturI gau! IrJ BJolsace E]uJtIP .r]i.ii
-urr1e.rc[ azned rsrrn {: nes atorr rarrn ulduc.rp e1 luzeSe nund oaTnp 7y'r1

qJlsaqJrtl 'ti$rr loqo '1ne 11 n:1uad

[ In]JaJuoJ "Jrl '9
(egZl -Stt1 ) tapuaeH

zle

CIl 'JU ug 'd0 'osso.r; t))Jaruo.)

Uvzt-gtsr) rpts^l^ 'v

: alslcrrndou r.r0lP,r rr.)

auilsop pclnp pzeeuur[ pula rcunlB Flueuffo.rd ruut rS ouraap a.lur'rllr(last)a[r
a.ruo3r,t o tS auntcrotA o tlurllJ rnlncesep eutt.rdrur rnlnlaund eeJrsrrl0.,J

'cp I -.1 : xr'. .-::I- ..fr

2p\ ,ra -.r, .r! o o= o
I

; PJ0]s-arts ElBJIIp alUlPttrnf nl

,43a8un1c.rd azned neun s nes alou [oun e1ctrre;rp lfl lBzaSts gtttttd u2 'u

: JolE[lJn Inl.)aJa pul,rB 'Joloznud r"^
rolalou eldea.lp B[ sunoaplol,rr! qze$u es rclDrnp o au'.iun1ail ap Inlrund

{n}rund 'a

'ct1il\ t,i otn?aT ey

elsurnu t?lruorl rntu rolsrnp e e.lrFunloltl, ap o|nfla7 'ellelou u! aJBs alu tJEzlJ
-r1n al[u[d[d.] i]P lqasoop as e rutruod t* "tn1ttur1t.r ceJBuJOJ e1 at.rud pu1n1

tltilizat cu rnaiestrie, dublul-punc,t di ritmulu'i o forli expresivA dco

sebiti:
R. Wagner (1813-1883)
Opera ,.Lohengrin"

D. D. $nstakovici

Simlonia VI[{

c. tll treiteu ptulct alenat la dreapta unet n0te sau a unei pauze prelun-
ge5te drrrata acestora cu inci jumntate din valoarea prrnctului al doilca r

-,- + | I r''.*''* I r I II qg;'Jc.
-,.

'Irilrlrrl-punct se intilnegle lar' rrrai ales itr rcdarea unor nitrnuri de o,

execptionalil crlrrtrsir ita Lc :

Fr. [,iszt (lBtl-1886]

Onera ".Mazeppa"

9S

66

0Je6et urd PS Hilnolu!

-:/'tqueu6ne /Jund N

: IaJlse 'o!9ba1 lu'lJd aJarJcs u! llnsotul LJ d]tsod zeJ oJtsJ uI'a.reurq
JOIIJOIeA e aunllrpe o nes oJsluaurFne o E' l€JaprsuoJ purrJ 'aJr8unla.ld ap
!r}ln-o)n6a'! JolFuFuase IoJ un are Jvluaut?ldns nes anpluauano |n?Jund 'e

'(reluo ulalduIoc)

,o?|n?nsuor ls (reluaurlldns) a?wluatu1nn :lJnIaJ Bnop ap IJ a]€od Blsore '[a]€rnp
s ar]8unlard 3p rnlnlrund a.llBlou u! algnqlrle luls at alrunltr]unJ EdnC

lotGJnp " arl8unlaJat op Jnlntounal !-rrlsoloJ olri?llr"lnrJu?.I

uBld nrluad HFnJ tS lBroo 'ntpnlard
(OOSt_aZSt) 1uu.rg .3

fSrl^r' "".'tr

: ins mtu EJ ll.rcl rJJ rSuala:rn
gdnl-r gzea1n.).luc as'aznud lirr.rn B nus alou reun uldnc.rll u1 e1u3rr9pu.a1;rund
? Jolcc ulrrJn(I'7cund-Tnyln.tpnat efin1ou ur a1$culllur cs JuJ at.lBo,,l

'1u.rpccc,rd rngrrl;rurrrl ultJnp urp alulBulltf Ulru! nc;olazned r
r$ loJalou slBJnp o1So5unp.r.d leFnpJre nou l,turlrl oJuJarJ 'piurcasuoo u1

P/9 - erpaJep-aetr-erJ rc)t

GL"l) osolse?lu oI:pw

rualAJau

lool-8tBl) !P'ran ''J

In .liie,r-atuir:a rrruzicale vechet punctu! dugnrentafiv inlrleuia o valoare tr;riala
uniti pljn legato de rluratd. c'are se scriil aslfel :

b. Pu.rtetul constitutia sau eo,rnplemenlsr esil,e acel punct. rlare, atld{rgat iir

dreapta valorilor binare, csnstituie cu acestea valc,ri unitare noi, velorile ter-
nare, ce se pot divide dupl principiul ternar r. Un asemenea punct nu poatc
fi ?nloc'tiit in mod flresc prin legato- cusn se poate obseo-va <i.rc uffxdt<r::Lri

exemplu :

* tu tuilt:l cca,firfufuv

inlocure nefirtdtc| prin legaro

Sprre deosebire de puncturl augrnentaldv sau sul"rirdrmen,iar, {.:a0:€, esh} il*?lci
\'Itfi"ic - servind deci la Sfoi rsmeanreuameri$tmteupluudnr-l punctul snrstila:tiv
metrrului ternar serve$te ]a
forrrne.rea metrie :

bl netnt
^t,ncl

$. Coroana

criroutttr si.u f et tttatt, 11\ oste ricrnrrui rra-rt, a*rzax, tlc;rsupra
";eu

rleclesubtr.rl unci note $au !]ir,irz€) gn'e!,ungeSte Xrt macl nedetildt. <fil,ru,t<t

ar,cest0t'a 2
"
lle ohit'r:i" {:(troarta prclu nge;te cu iiproxilgativ jrrrniltatt. llUral.a r;al*,.

dlol pe rlal'(: se a;azii" Interpretarea ei ins& cste in I rllcfie ;i tle uit,
Iactori cir: stilul piesei. tenlp,oul. sirntrr] gi iq,usl.ul :rrlistic nl iilterl]{"{'lx}-
lrri ctc.

'iiiSi 1 iJunctui q)sst;tuti! trebuie (orrsiclcrr{ u taci*ri pa{ar rrtcgrrrr(! drti (oorri(ltlr raloricir a rorcr pc
care estc Pus, inlocuind dcci altc semre gta{ice, care ai fi putut reprezcits prifi e\clus;vitatc yalorllt

l€rnare, pentru a te,leosebi de cele binare. luuzicierii au discut3t !D difcrite tinrpuri posibilitatea r:a valoril*

ternare si fie redate in scris pril aemn€ {perte de ccle binare, pcrdu 6 mai utoa{:ir denrarcajie a titnrulur
bitrar fatS de cel rernar, Au fogt * rpre excmplu *" propuneri ca ritmul teroar tii fic icscmnat prin rotc
rombice' trtutShiulare. ncgre, albc ctc. O esemence inovalrc ins:j ar fi adu! c datj; ,,r nrjrrrer consldcrahjli

: nunrirului de *nrnc grrficc io sistemul de noulie 9i c inevit3hila romDliiarir i; atcsrri:;
! Io lir,ls :,taliin:. f.tapta == oorir€, polrirs,

l{}f)

f0r

OJItII erlrFrfan.t o :rF;rJng: c1;^n !'-^l "t?ols.JJ p

o.r;-g pznAn ac lrrnnJor t:rocllv

---

't$ sg -'f cSgoI_n oueul ocod

j

BloJPrlBa

nrsarl!unc 'l

: !lPJnP ElJnts op lznBd' o'orinJJxa ut atstredsns 1.rrnr

(J zP? lscrg il! lllrirpur 'B.rnsettl ap uJrlq aal arrnrl ec prrno.rot nt ppool!')

B.rlsEluEj BluoJ[urs
(nggt-SOSt) ztrrlrag'H

: rtlou etl oleza3u louuoJoJ lnzec u! rS uo tlnfa.r ISlllrli,;,1
crhp o1-nprrrSrrnlard 'oznerl od rS rc 'olou od teurnu nu ounrJ cs €ueoJo:)

e(jsstoopto-utneHslu) rplgalrrae3ga1'gn3

ruru lp.ttStttrlu.rri

,rr'lorx luls ar*;'i ur.rrl o(reuuoro' l€ ,uJl;ftillllJt; il,T, r)urtoJoJ q
l.roplu.lnp olP rJrut ruur alrlrFunleld

rtulou luls cJuc trud "(r;uuoJoJ €p orru rurr.r uurcs rrn) pcrru DIII,OJOJ't,
: ouuoJoJ aP IJnJol rlnoli rJocun vze.t'zlltln €r- Bcr-roprll prJ4orlrl l

'w'J,, u({o,aiaSql-So"SrB1r)adraoqaB1I1
B-ln+JaAl

'^ J

lnlllrlBc rr! !3J1ur nu ElrBoJox upd : nJns4ltr

alrtuliryr BlEJnp, ep alr,rrFun1e,r.1