Modul Kimia Onsoi (TeamTenom)

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 200

mol dm-3
3. Flow the gas released into limewater

Alirkan gas ke dalam air kapur

Sulphate, SO42- 1. Pour 2cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphate salt White precipitate formed
Sulfat
solution into test tube. Mendakan putih terbentuk
Tuangkan 2 cm3 larutan garam sulfat kepekatan
1.0 mol dm-3 ke dalam tabung uji
2. Add 2 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid//

nitric acid solution into it
Tambahkan 2cm3 larutan asid hidroklorik// asid
nitik cair kepekatan 1.0 mol dm-3.
3. Add 2 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 barium chloride

solution// barium nitrate solution into it

Tambahkan 2cm3 larutan barium klorida// barium
nitrat kepekatan 1.0 mol dm-3.

Chloride, Cl- 1. Pour 2cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 chloride salt White precipitate formed
Mendakan putih terbentuk
solution into test tube.
Tuangkan 2 cm3 larutan garam klorida
kepekatan 1.0 mol dm-3 ke dalam tabung uji
2. Add 2 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid

solution into it
Tambahkan 2cm3 larutan asid hidroklorik
kepekatan 1.0 mol dm-3.
1. Add 2 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 silver nitrate

solution into it
Tambahkan 2cm3 larutan argentum nitrat
kepekatan 1.0 mol dm-3.

Nitrate, NO3- 1. Pour 2cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 nitrate salt
Nitrat solution into test tube.
Tuangkan 2 cm3 larutan garam nitrat
kepekatan 1.0 mol dm-3 ke dalam tabung uji
3. Add 2 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 dilute sulphuric
acid solution into it
Tambahkan 2cm3 larutan asid sulfurik
kepekatan 1.0 mol dm-3.
5. Add 2 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 iron(II) sulphate
solution into it
Tambahkan 2cm3 larutan ferum(II) sulfat

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kepekatan 1.0 mol dm-3.
6. Drop slowly a few drops of concentrated
sulphuric acid.
Titiskan beberapa titis asid sulfurik pekat.

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR NITRATE
UJIAN PENGESAHAN NITRAT

1. Pour 2 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 nitrate solution Brown precipitate formed

into it Mendakan perang terhasil
Tuangkan 2cm3 larutan garam nitrat kepekatan
1.0 mol dm-3. ke dalam tabung uji

2. Add a few drops of Nessler reagent

Titiskan beberapa titis reagen Nessler.

CATION TEST
UJIAN KATION

Cations Sodium hydroxide Ammonia solution Confirmatory test
Larutan natrium hidroksida Larutan ammonia Ujian pengesahan

Small amount Excess Small Excess -
amount
-
Ca2+ White Insoluble in No change
-
precipitate excess Tiada perubahan

Mendakan Tidak larut

putih

Mg2+ White Insoluble in White Insoluble
in excess
precipitate excess precipitate Tidak larut

Mendakan Tidak larut Mendakan

putih putih

Zn2+ White Soluble White Soluble
precipitate Larut precipitate Larut
Mendakan Mendakan
putih putih

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Al3+ White Soluble White Insoluble 1. Pour 2 cm3 off 1.0 mol dm-3 of
precipitate in excess aluminium nitrate solution and lead(II)
precipitate Larut Mendakan Tidak larut nitrate solution in 2 different test tubes.
putih Masukkan 2cm3 kepekatan 1.0 mol dm-3
Mendakan Insoluble larutan aluminium nitrat dan plumbum(II)
White in excess nitrat ke dalam dua tabung uji berbeza.
putih precipitate Tidak larut 2. Add 2 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm_3 potassiumm
Mendakan chloride soution into each test tubes
Pb2+ White Soluble putih Campurkan 2 cm3 larutan kalium iodida
1,0 mol dm-3 ke dalam setiap tabung uji
precipitate Larut 3. Yellow precipitate formed in test tube
contain lead(II) nitrate but no change in
Mendakan aluminium nitrate
Mendakan kuning terhasil dalam larutan
putih plumbum(II) nitrat tetapi tiada perubahan
dalam larutan aluminium nitrat

Fe2+ Greeen Insoluble in Greeen Insoluble 1. Add a few drops potassium

Precipitate excess Precipitate in excess hexacyanoferrate(III)solution, light blue

Mendakan Tidak larut Mendakan Tidak larut precipitate formed

hijau hijau Tambahkan beberapa titis larutan kalium

heksasianoferat(III), mendakan biru muda

terhasil

3. Add a few drops potassium

thiocyanoferrate solution, red brick

colouration formed.

Tambahkan beberapa titis larutan kalium

tiosianat, mendakan merah bata terhasil

Fe3+ Brown Insoluble in Brown Insoluble 1. Add a few drops potassium

precipitate excess precipitate in excess hexacyanoferrate(II)solution. Dark blue

Mendakan Tidak larut Mendakan Tidak larut precipitate formed

perang perang Tambahkan beberapa titis larutan kalium

heksasianoferat(II), mendakan biru tua

terhasil.

2. Add a few drops potassium

thiocyanoferrate solution, blood red

colouration formed.

Tambahkan beberapa titis larutan kalium

tiosianat, mendakan merah darah terhasil

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 203

Cu2+ Blue Insoluble in Blue Soluble
precipitate Larut
Mendakan excess precipitate -
putih
Tidak larut Mendakan

putih

NH4+ No observable change.The gas No change 1. Add a few drops of Nessler reagent
that change moist red litmus Tiada perubahan Tambah beberapa titis reagen Nessler
paper to blue is released. 2. Brown precipitate formed
Tiada perubahan diperhatikan. Mendakan perang terhasil
Apabila dipanaskan, gas yang
menukar kertas litmus merah
lembab kepada biru dibebaskan

4.0 SPM Format Questions:
Soalan -soalan format SPM

Paper 1

1. Chemical substances ionise in water produce hydrogen ion.
Bahan kimia yang mengion dalam air menghasilkan ion hidrogen.

This statement refer to an
Kenyataan ini merujuk kepada

A. Acid Asid
B. Alkali Alkali
C. Amphotheric Amfoterik
D. Anion Anion

2. Which of the following is NOT a monoprotic acid?
Yang manakah antara berikut BUKAN asid monoprotik?
A. Hydrochloric acid Asid hidroklorik
B. Nitric acid Asid nitrik
C. Sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik
D. Ethanoic acid Asid etanoik

3. Diprotic acid is an acid that
Asid diprotik ialah asid yang
A. Ionise in water produce one hydrogen ion per molecule
Mengion dalam air menghasilkan satu ion hidrogen per molekul
B. Ionise in water produce two hydrogen ion per molecule
Mengion dalam air menghasilkan dua hidrogen ion per molekul

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 204

C. Ionise in water produce three hydrogen ion per molecule
Mengion dalam air menghasilkan tiga hidrogen ion per molekul

D. Ionise completely in water produce high concentration of hydrogen ion
Mengion lengkap dalam air menghasilkan kepekatan ion hidrogen tinggi

4. Alkali is a
Alkali ialah
A. Substance that react with acid to produce salt and water only
Bahan yang bertindakbalas dengan asid menghasilkan garam dan air sahaja
B. Base that soluble in water
Bes yang larut dengan air
C. Substance that ionise in water produce hydroxide ion
Bahan yang mengion dalam air menghasilkan ion hidroksida
D. Base that react with acid to produce salt and water only
Bes yang bertindakbalas dengan asid menghasilkan garam dan air sahaja

5. Which of the following is NOT CORRECT about uses of acids, bases and alkalis?
Manakah antara berikut TIDAK BETUL tentang kegunaan asid, bes dan alkali?
A. Toothpaste is alkaline to neutralise acid on teeth
Ubat gigi beralkali meneutralkan asid pada gigi
B. Face cleansers which are alkaline will make facial skin dry
Pencuci muka beralkali menyebabkan kulit muka kering
C. Slaked lime can reduce acidity of acidic soil
Batu kapur membantu mengurangkan tanah berasid
D. Fabric softener is alkaline which increase pH level of fabrics after washed with
detergents
Pelembut kain beralkali meningkat pH pada kain selepas dicuci dengan detergen

6. Why there is no change on blue litmus paper in test tube
Kenapa tiada perubahan ke atas kertas litmus merah dalam tabung uji A

AB
A. Sodium hydroxide need water

Natrium hidroksida memerlukan air
B. Sodium hydroxide in ions form

Natrium hidroksida dalam bentuk ion
C. Sodium hydroxide in molecule form

Natrium hidroksida dalam bentuk molekul
D. Sodium hydroxide do not react with air

Natrium hidroksida tidak bertindak balas dengan udara

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 205

7. What is the pH value of nitric acid with 0.5 mol dm-3 of hydrogen ion?
Apakah nilai pH bagi asid nitrik yang mengandungi 0.5 mol dm-3 ion hidrogen?
A. 0.3
B. 1.3
C. 2.3
D. 3.0

8. Determine the molarity of hydrochloric acid , HCl with pH value 2.0
Tentukan kemolaran asid hidroklorik, HCl dengan nilai pH 2.0
A. 1.0 mol dm-3
B. 0.1 mol dm-3
C. 0.01 mol dm-3
D. 0.001 mol dm-3

9. Determine the pOH value for sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH with 0.1 mol dm-3
hydroxide ions.
Tentukan nilai pOH bagi larutan natrium hidroksida, NaOH dengan 0.1 mol dm-3 ion
hidroksida
A. 1.0
B. 2.0
C. 3.0
D. 4.0

10. Determine pH value for potassium hydroxide, KOH that has 0.01 mol dm--3 hydroxide
ions.
Tentukan nilai pH bagi kalium hidroksida, KOH yang mengandungi 0.01 mol dm-3 ion
hidroksida
A. 1.0
B. 2.0
C. 10.0
D. 12.0

11. Determine the molarity of lithium hydroxide solution, LiOH with pH 12.0
Tentukan nilai kemolaran bagi larutan litium hidroksida, LiOH dengan pH 12.0
A. 1.0 mol dm-3
B. 0.1 mol dm-3
C. 0.01 mol dm-3
D. 0.001 mol dm-3

12. Which of the following is the CORRECT relationship between concentration of hydrogen
ion or hydroxide ions with pH value?
Pernyataan berikut yang manakah BENAR tentang hubungan antara kepekatan ion
hidrogen dan ion hidroksida dengan nilai pH?

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 206

A. Concentration of hydrogen ion decrease, pH value decrease
Kepekatan ion hidrogen berkurang, nilai pH berkurang

B. Concentration of hydrogen ion increase, pH value increase
Kepekatan ion hidrogen meningkat, nilai pH meningkat

C. Concentration of hydroxide ion increase, pH value increase
Kepekatan ion hidroksida meningkat, nilai pH meningkat

D. Concentration of hydroxide ion decrease, pH value increase
Kepekatan ion hidroksida berkurang, nilai pH meningkat

13. A chemical that ionises completely in water produce hydroxide ions is a
Bahan kimia yang mengion lengkap dalam air menghasilkan ion hidroksida ialah
A. Strong acid Asid kuat
B. Weak acid Asid lemah
C. Strong alkali Alkali kuat
D. Weak alkali Alkali lemah

14. Table shows the degree of ionisation of four acid solutions which have the same
concentration.
Jadual menunjukkan darah pengionan bagi empat larutan asid yang sama kepekatan.

Solution Degree of ionisation
Larutan Darjah pengionan

W High Tinggi

X Medium Sederhana

Y Very high Sangat tinggi

Z Low Rendah

Which solution has the highest pH value?
Larutan yang manakah mempunyai nilai pH paling tinggi?

A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z

15. Why does ammonia solution, NH3 that has the same concentration as potassium
hydroxide, KOH have a lower pH value?
A. Ammonia ionises completely in water produce higher concentration of hydroxide
ions
Ammonia mengion lengkap dalam air menghasilkan kepekatan ion hidroksida
tinggi

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 207

B. Potassium hydroxide completely in water produce lower concentration of
hydrogen ions
Kalium hidroksida mengion lengkap dalam air menghasilkan kepekatan ion
hidroksida rendah

C. Ammonia ionises partially in water produce lower concentration of hydroxide ion
Ammonia mengion separa dalam air menghasilkan kepekatan ion hidroksida
rendah

D. Potassium hydroxide ionises partially in water produce higher concentration of
hydroxide ion
Kalium hidroksida mengion separa dalam air menghasilkan kepekatan ion
hidroksida tinggi

16. Which of the following solutions has the highest concentration of hydrogen ions?
Antara larutan berikut yang manakah mengandungi kepekatan ion hidrogen tinggi?
A. 0.1 ml dm-3 hydrochloric acid
B. 0.1 mol dm-3 nitric acid
C. 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid
D. 0.1 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid

17. Nitric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce salt and water. Name of the salt
formed is
A. Sodium nitrate Natrium nitrat
B. Sodium chloride Natrium klorida
C. Sodium sulphate Natrium sulfat
D. Sodium phosphate Natrium fosfat

18. Which of the following is not chemical properties of alkali?
Antara berikut yang manakah bukan sifat kimia alkali?
A. Alkali reacts with metal ion produce insoluble metal hydroxide
Alkali bertindakbalas dengan ion logam menghasilkan logam hidroksida tak larut
B. Alkali reacts with ammonium salt produce salt , water and ammonia gas
Alkali bertindak balas dengan garam ammonium menghasilkan garam, air dan
gas ammonia
C. Alkali reacts with acids produce salt and water
Alkali bertindakbalas dengan asid menghasilkan garam dan air
D. Alkali react with alcohol produce ester
Alkali bertindakbalas dengan alkohol menghasilkan ester

19. Calculate the concentration in g dm3 for 40 g of solid copper(II) sulphate, CuSO4
dissolved in water produced 20 dm3 solution.
Kirakan kepekatan dalam g dm-3 bagi 40 g pepejal kuprum(II) sulfat yang larut dalam air
untk menghasilkan larutan 20 dm3
A. 0.2 g dm-3-
B. 2.0 g dm-3

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 208

C. 1.2 g dm-3
D. 12.0 g dm-3

20. Calculate the number of moles of potassium hydroxide, KOH found in 2 dm3 of 0.5 mol
dm-3 potassium hydroxide solution, KOH.
Kirakan bilangan mol of moles kalium hidroksida, KOH terdapat dalam 2 dm3 kalium
hidroksida dengan kepekatan 0.5 mol dm-3.
A. 0.2 mol dm-3
B. 1.0 mol dm-3
C. 2.0 mol dm-3
D. 1.2 mol dm-3

21. A beaker contains 200 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution, Pb(NO3)2. How many
moles of lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 is in this beaker?
Bikar mengandungi 200 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 larutan plumbum(II) nitrat, Pb(NO3)2.
Berapakah bilangan mol plumbum(II) nitrat, Pb(NO3)2 di dalam bikar?
A. 0.2 mol
B. 0.4 mol
C. 0.02 mol
D. 0.04 mol

22. Diagram below show a process to prepare a type of solution.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan proses menghasilkan sejenis larutan.

What is the type of solution produced?
Apakah nama jenis larutan yang dihasilkan?

A. Salt solution Larutan garam
B. Standard solution Larutan piawai
C. Acid solution Larutan asid
D. Alkaline solution Larutan alkali

23. Why beaker is not suitable to be used in preparing standard solution?
Kenapakah bikar tidak digunakan dalam penyediaan larutan piawai?
A. Volumetric flask came in many size

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 209

Kelalang volumetrik mempunyai pelbagai saiz
B. Volumetric flask produce accurate volume

Kelalang kon menghasilkan isipasu lebih tepat
C. Beaker easily spill out the solution in it

Larutan dalam bikar mudah tumpah
D. Beaker is not stable

Bikar tidak stabil

24. What is the molarity of sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH when 30 cm3 distilled water is
added to 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH?
Apakah kemolaran bagi larutan natrium hidroksida, NaOH apabila air suling sebanyak
30 cm3 ditambah kepada 50 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 0.5 mol dm-3
A. 0.1875 mol dm-3
B. 0.3125 mol dm-3
C. 0.825 mol dm-3
D. 1.875 mol dm-3

25. Determine the volume of 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl needed to be pipetted into
a volumetric flask 250 cm3 to procedure 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl.
Tentukan isipadu bagi asid hidroklorik, HCl berkepekatan 2.0 mol dm-3 diperlukan untuk
dipipetkan ke dalam kelalang volumetrik 250 cm3 menghasilkan asid hidroklorik
berkepkatan 0.2 mol dm-3
A. 5 cm3
B. 15 cm3
C. 25 cm3
D. 35 cm3

26. Based on the ionic equation given below
Berdasarkan persamaan ion berikut
H+ + OH- → H2O

Which of the following reactions can be used to represent it?
Manakah antara tindak balas berikut boleh mewakilinya?

I. CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COOHNa + H2O

II. H2SO4 + 2 KOH → K2SO4 + 2 H2O

III. H3PO4 + 3 NaOH → Na3PO4 + 3 H2O

IV. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

A. I and III
B. II and IV
C. I, II and III
D. All above

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 210

27. 20 cm3 of 0.25 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH is neutralised with 0.2 mol
dm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl. Calculate the volume of hydrochloric acid, HCl needed for
this neutralisation reaction.
20 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 0.25 mol dm-3 dineutralkan dengan 0.2 mol dm-3 asid
hidroklorik. Kirakan isipadu asid hidroklorik yang diperlukan untuk p eneutralan ini
A. 5 cm3
B. 15 cm3
C. 25 cm3
D. 35 cm3

28. 25 cm3 of sulphuric acid is exactly neutralised by 38.25 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium
hydroxide solution. Calculate the concentration of sulphuric acid
25 cm3 asid sulfurik meneutralkan dengan tepat 33.25 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida
2.0 mol dm-3. Kirakan kepekatan asid sulfurik.
A. 0.53 mol dm-3
B. 1.35 mol dm-3
C. 1.53 mol dm-3
D. 3.51 mol dm-3

29. Which of the following is insoluble salt?
Manakah antara berikut garam tak terlarutkan?
A. Lead(II) nitrate Plumbum(II) nitrat
B. Calcium chloride Kalsium klorida
C. Magnesium carbonate Magnesium karbonat
D. Iron(II) sulphate Ferum(II) sulfat

30. Which of the following chemicals is most suitable to react with sodium chloride to
prepare silver chloride salt?
Antara bahan kimia berikut yang manakah sesuai untuk bertindakbalas dengan natrium
klorida menghasilkan garam argentum klorida?
A. Silver carbonate Argentum karbonat
B. Silver nitrate Argentum nitrat
C. Silver metal Logam argentum
D. Silver oxide Argentum oksida

31. Whis is the CORRECT method to prepare ammonium nitrate salt?
Yang manakah kaedah BETUL untuk menyediakan garam ammonium nitrat?
A. Double decomposition Penguraian ganda dua
B. Neutralisation between an acid and alkali Peneutralan antara asid dan alkali
C. Reaction between an acid and a metal Tindak balas antara asid dan logam
D. Reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate
Tindakbalas antara asid dan logam karbonat

32. Which of the following salts can be prepared by double decomposition reaction?

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 211

Antara garam berikut yang manakah disediakan melalui tindakbalas penguraian ganda
dua?

A. Lead(II) nitrate Plumbum(II) nitrat
B. Aluminium sulphate Aluminium sulfat
C. Silver chloride Argentum klorida
D. Sodium sulphate Natrium sulfat

33. Which of the following is CORRECT physical property of salt?
Antara berikut yang manakah BENAR tentang sifat fizikal garam?
A. Has a rough surface
Mempunyai permukaan kasar
B. Has a fixed angle
Mempunyai sudut tetap
C. Different salt has same geometrical shape
Garam berbeza mempunyai bentuk geometri yang sama
D. Same crystal of different size has different geometrical shape
Kristal sama jenis yang berbeza saiz mempunyai bentuk geometri berbeza

34. Which of the following is NOT CORRECT uses of salt in daily life?
Antara berikut yang manakah TIDAK BETUL bagi kegunaan garam dalam kehidupan
seharian?
A. Ammonium nitrate used as a fertiliser
Ammonium nitrat sebagai baja
B. Sodium chloride used as flavour
Natrium klorida sebagai perisa
C. Iron(II) sulphate is used as a pesticides
Ferum(II) sulfat sebagai racun serangga
D. Calcium sulphate is used as a food preservative

35. Which of the following equation is a CORRECT reaction between aqueous potassium
carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid?
Antara berikut yang manakah tindakbalas BETUL antara larutan akueus kalium karbonat
dan asid hidroklorik cair?
A. KCO3 + HCl → KCl +H2O + CO2

B. KCO3 + 2 HCl → KCl2 +H2O + CO2

C. K2CO3 + 2 HCl → 2 KCl +H2O + CO2

D. K2CO3 + HCl → K2Cl +H2O + CO2

36. Which of the following chemicals can be added to nitric acid to prepare copper(II)
nitrate?
Bahan kimia manakah yang ditambah kepada asid nitrik untuk menghasilkan kuprum(II)
nitrat?

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 212

A. Copper metal Logam kuprum
B. Copper(II) carbonate Kuprum(II) karbonat
C. Copper(II) chloride Kuprum(II) klorida
D. Copper(II) sulphate Kuprum(II) sulfat

37. Which of the following pairs would react to form a salt and water only?
Manakah antara pasangan berikut bertindakbalas menghasilkan garam dan air sahaja
A. Solid sodium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid
Pepejal natrium karbonat dan asid hidroklorik cair
B. Zinc metal and dilute sulphuric acid
Logam zink dan asid sulfurik cair
C. Potassium hydroxide solution and ethanoic acid
Larutan kalium hidroksida dan asid etanoik
D. Copper(II) sulphate solution and barium chloride solution
Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat dan larutan barium klorida

38. Which of the following salts can be crystallised from an aqueous solution?
Manakah antara berikut garam yang dihablurkan daripada larutan akueus?
A. Lead(II) carbonate Plumbum (II) karbonat
B. Sodium nitrate Natrium nitrat
C. Barium sulphate Barium sulfat
D. Silver chloride Argentum klorida

39. When salt A is heated, a greenish yellow gas released that turns blue litmus paper into
red and become colourless.
That gas is a
Apabila garam A dipanaskan, gas hijau kekuningan dibebaskan yang menukarkan
kertas litmus biru kepada merah sehingga tidak berwarna.
Gas itu ialah
A. Carbon dioxide Karbon dioksida
B. Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen dioksida
C. Ammonia Ammonia
D. Chlorine Klorin

40. The properties of four metal sulphates are given on the table. Which one is Zinc
sulphate?
Sifat bagi empat logam sulfat ditunjukkan dalam jadual di bawah. Yang manakah
menunjukan zink sulfat?

Colour Solubility Method of preparation
Warna Kelarutan Kaedah penyediaan

A. White Insoluble Precipitation

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 213

Putih Tidak larut Pemendakan

B. White Soluble Titration
Putih Larut Pentitratan

C. White Soluble Metal and acid
Putih Larut Logam dan asid

D. Yellow Insoluble Carbonate metal and acid
Kuning Tidak larut Logam karbonat dan asid

41. Which of the following is used to test for sulphate ions?
Antara berikut yang manakah digunakan untuk menguji ion sulfat?
A. Iron(II) sulphate solution and concentrated sulphuric acid
Larutan ferum(II) sulfat dan asid sulfurik pekat
B. Nitric acid and barium nitrate solution
Asid nitrik dan larutan barium nitrat
C. Nitric acid and aluminium nitrate solution
Asid nitrik dan larutan aluminium nitrat
D. Sodium hydroxide solution
Larutan natrium hidroksida

42. Which of the following salts will produce a brown gas on heating?
Manakah antara garam berikut menghasilkan gas berwarna perang apabila dipanaskan?
A. Lead(II) bromide Plumbum(II) bromida
B. Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrat
C. Potassium nitrate Kalium nitrat
D. Zinc nitrate Zink nitrat

43. When solid X is heated strongly, a gas that turns limewater milky is produced and white
residue if left.
Which of the following is solid X?
Apabila pepejal X dipanaskan dengan kuat, gas yang menyebabkan air kapur menjadi
keruh terhasil dan baki berwarna putih dihasilkan.
Antara berikut yang manakah pepejal X?
A. Lead(II) carbonate Plumbum(II) karbonat
B. Sodium carbonate Natrium karbonat
C. Zinc carbonate Zink karbonat
D. Magnesium carbonate Magnesium karbonat

44. When aqueous iron(III) chloride solution is added to reagent X, a blood red colour is
produced. Reagent X is a

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 214

Apabila larutan akueus ferum(III) klorida ditambah kepada reagen X, warna merah
darah terhasil. Reagen X ialah

A. Ammonium sulphate Ammonium sulfat
B. Potassium iodide Kalium iodida
C. Potassium thiocyanate Kalium tiosianat
D. Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) Kalium heksasianoferat(II)

45. When solution X is added to iron(III) sulphate solution, a brown precipitate is formed.
Solution X may be
Apabila larutan X ditambah kepada larutan ferum(III) sulfat, mendakan perang terbentuk.
Larutan X mungkin ialah
A. Nessler reagent Reagen Nessler
B. Iron(II) nitrate solution Larutan ferum(II) nitrat
C. Ammonia solution Larutan ammonia
D. Sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik

46. Flow chart shows the test carried out on solution Y.
Carta alir menunjukkan ujian yang dijalankan ke atas larutan Y.

Based on the above information what are the ions present in solution Y?.
Berdasarkan maklumat di tas apakah ion yang hadir dalam larutan Y?

A. Ca2+ and Cl-
B. Mg2+ and SO4-
C. Zn2+ and Cl-
D. NH4+ and NO3-

47. Lead(II) nitrate solution and aluminium sulphate solution can be distinguished
respectively by adding
Larutan plumbum(II) nitrat dan larutan aluminium sulfat dapat dibezakan dengan
menambahkan
I. Sodium hydroxide solution Larutan natrium hidroksida
II. Potassium sulphate solution Larutan kalium sulfat
III. Barium nitrate solution Larutan barium nitrat
IV. Potassium iodide solution Larutan kalium iodida
A. I and IIII
B. II and III
C. II and IV

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 215

D. III and IV
48. Figure shows the tests carried out on solution Q.

Rajah menunjukkan ujian yang dijalankan ke atas Larutan Q

Based on the above information, the ions present in solution Q are
Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, ions yang hadir dalam larutan Q ialah

A. Ca2+ and Cl-
B. Mg2+ and SO4-
C. Zn2+ and Cl-
D. Al3+ and Cl-
49. Diagram shows the test carried out on salt G.
Rajah menunjukkan ujian dilakukan ke atas garam G.

Based on the information given, what is G most likely to be?
Berdasarkan maklumat diberikan, apakah kemungkinan garam G?

A. Magnesium carbonate Magnesium karbonat
B. Lead(II) nitrate Plumbum(II) nitrat
C. Zinc carbonate Zink karbonat
D. Calcium sulphate Kalsium sulfat
50. Which of the following ions will form a precipitate that dissolves in excess aqueous
ammonia?
Antara ion berikut yang manakah mendakannya akan larut dalam larutan ammonia
berlebihan?
I. Copper(II) ion Ion kuprum(II)

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 216

II. Aluminium ion Ion aluminium
III. Lead(II) ion Ion plumbum(II)
IV. Zinc ion Ion zink
A. I and IV
B. II and III
C. II and IV
D. II, III and IV

Paper 2
Kertas 2

1. Diagram 1.1 shows the pH value of hydrochloric acid and acid X of the same molarity.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi asid hidroklorik dan asid X yang mempunyai
kemolaran yang sama.

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

(a) Based on the information in Diagram 1.1, suggest acid X.
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Rajah 1.1, cadangkan asid X.

................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(b) Explain why the pH value of aqueous solution of acid X is higher than the pH
value of hydrochloric acid
Jelaskan mengapa nilai pH larutan akueus asid X lebih tinggi berbanding nilai pH
asid hidroklorik.
................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
([2 marks)

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 217
(c) When water is added into beaker M, what happen to the pH value of the hydrochloric
acid? Give reason to your answer.
Apabila air ditambahkan ke dalam bikar M, apakah yang akan terjadi pada nilai pH asid
hidroklorik? Berikan alasan anda.

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

(2 marks)
(d) Diagram 1.2 shows the steps involved in the preparation of a standard solution X.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan langkah-langkah yang terlibat dalam penyediaan larutan piawai
X.

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

(i) State the meaning of standard solution
Nyatakan maksud larutan piawai.
.............................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(ii) The concentration of standard solution X produced is 1.0 mol dm-3. By using the
standard solution produced, Nazmi need to prepare solution X with a lower

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 218

concentration. Name the method used to prepare a solution with lower
concentration.
Kepekatan larutan piawai X yang terhasil adalah 1.0 mol dm-3. Dengan
menggunakan larutan piawai yang dihasilkan, Nazmi perlu menyediakan larutan
X dengan kepekatan yang lebih rendah. Namakan kaedah yang perlu digunakan
untuk menyediakan larutan dengan kepekatan yang lebih rendah.

................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(iii) A volumetric flask is more suitable to be used to prepare standard solution rather
than a beaker. Why?
Kelalang volumetric lebih sesuai digunakan untuk menyediakan larutan piawai
berbanding bikar. Mengapa?

................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(iv) Calculate the volume of 2.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4 needed to prepare
100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4.
Hitung isipadu 2.0 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik, H2SO4 yang diperlukan untuk
menyediakan 100 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik, H2SO4.

(2 marks)

2. Diagram shows the conversation between a chemistry teacher and his student.
Rajah menunjukkan perbualan antara guru kimia dan pelajarnya.

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 219

(a) What is the name of solution where the concentration of the solution is accurately
known?
Apakah nama bagi larutan di mana kepekatan larutan diketahui dengan tepat?
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(1 mark)

(b) (i) A volumetric flask is more suitable to be used in the preparation of the
standard solution. Give a reason
Kelalang volumetrik lebih sesuai digunakan dalam penyediaan larutan piawai.
Berikan sebab.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
(1 mark)
(ii) Why is the volumetric flask should be stoppered after the standard solution is
prepared?
Kenapa kelalang voumetrik perlu ditutup setelah larutan piawai disediakan?
….………………………………………………………………………………………
(1 mark)

(c) (i) Farah want to prepare a standard solution of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide
solution by using 250 cm3 volumetric flask. Calculate the mass of solid sodium
hydroxide that required.
(Relative atomic mass H=1, O=16 and Na=23)

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 220

Farah ingin menyediakan larutan piawai 1.0 mol dm-3 natrium hidroksida dengan
menggunakan 250 cm3 kelalang volumetrik. Hitungkan jisim pepejal natrium
hidroksida yang diperlukan.
(Jisim atom relatif H=1, O=16, Na=23)

(2 marks)
(ii) Based on the standard solution in c(i), she wants to dilute the solution to 0.1
mol dm-3. Calculate the volume of sodium hydroxide that needed to prepare the
required solution.
Berdasarkan kepada larutan piawai di c(i), dia ingin mencairkan larutan tersebut
kepada 0.1 mol dm-3. Hitungkan isipadu natrium hidroksida yang diperlukan

untuk menyediakan larutan yang diperlukan.

(2 marks)

(d) (i) Table shows the volume of acid needed to neutralise sodium hydroxide
solution.
Jadual menunjukkan isipadu asid yang diperlukan untuk meneutralkan larutan
natrium hidroksida.

Set Acid Alkali Volume of acids
Asid Alkali used /cm3

I 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 of sodium Isipadu asid yang
digunakan/cm3
acid hydroxide 25

Asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3 25 cm3 natrium hidroksida 0.1 mol dm-3 15

II 0.1 mol dm-3 Sulphuric acid 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 of sodium

Asid sulfurik 0.1 mol dm-3 hydroxide

25 cm3 natrium hidroksida 0.1 mol dm-3

Explain why there is a different in volume of acid used in Set I and Set II.

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 221

Jelaskan kenapa terdapat perbezaan isipadu asid yang digunakan dalam Set I dan Set
II.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
(2 marks)

(ii) Referring to set I or set II, explain briefly how to carry out the experiment to determine
the end point.
Merujuk kepada Set I dan II, terangkan secara ringkas bagaimana eksperimen tersebut
dijalankan bagi menentukan takat akhir.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
(2 marks)

3. Diagram 3.1 shows the reading of pH meter, dipped into acid solutions P, Q, R and S.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan bacaan meter pH, yang dicelup ke dalam larutan asid P, Q，R
dan S.

Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1

(a) State the meaning of acid.
Nyatakan maksud asid.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(b) Which of the solutions has the lowest degree of ionisation?

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 222

Larutan yang manakah mempunyai darjah pengionan yang terendah?
...………………………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark]
(c) Solution P, Q, R and S have different pH values.

Larutan P，Q，R dan S mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza.

(i) Which solution is a strong acid?
Larutan manakah adalah suatu asid kuat
………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

(ii) Based on the concentration of hydrogen ion, explain your answer in c(i).
Berdasarkan kepekatan ion hidrogen, terangkan jawapan anda dalam c(i).
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(d) Diagram 3.2 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the end point of neutralisation
between 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid added to 20cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution.
The ammeter readings are recorded for each 5cm-3 addition of sulphuric acid.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan takat akhir peneutralan
antara asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3 yang ditambahkan ke dalam 20 cm3 larutan natrium
hidroksida. Bacaan ammeter direkodkan setiap kali 5 cm-3 asid sulfurik ditambahkan.

Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2

A graph of the ammeter readings versus the volumes of sulphuric acid is as shown in
Diagram 3.3.

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 223
Graf bacaan ammeter melawan isi padu asid sulfurik ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.3.
Ammeter reading (A)

Diagram 3.3
Rajah 3.3

(i) Based on Diagram 3.3, determine the volume of sulphuric acid needed when the
end point is achieved.
Berdasarkan Rajah 3.3, tentukan isipadu asid sulfurik yang diperlukan apabila
takat akhir dicapai.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(ii) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]

(iii) Calculate the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution.
Hitungkan kemolaran larutan natrium hidroksida.

[3 marks]
4. Beaker A and Beaker B in Diagram 4 contain solutions of ethanoic acid prepared by

dissolving glacial ethanoic acid in two different solvents.

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 224

Bikar A dan Bikar B dalam rajah 4 mengandungi larutan asid etanoik yang disediakan
dengan melarutkan asid etanoik glasial dalam dua pelarut yang berlainan.

Diagram 5 / Rajah 5

(i) State the name of suitable solvent in :

Nyatakan pelarut yang sesuai dalam
Beaker/Bikar A : …………………………………………………………………..

Beaker/Bikar B : ………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

(ii) Explain the pH value of the ethanoic acid in Beaker A.
Terangkan nilai pH asid etanoik dalam Bikar A.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

..…………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 3 marks]

(iii)Explain why the ethanoic acid in Beaker B does not conduct electricity.
Terangkan mengapa asid etanoik dalam Bikar B tidak mengkonduksikan elektrik.

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 225

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks ]

(b) The concentration of each solutions P, Q, R, S and T in the table below is 0.1 mol dm-3
Kepekatan setiap larutan P, Q, R, S dan T dalam jadual dibawah ialah 0.1 mol dm-3

Solution PQR S T
Larutan 1 4 7 9 13

pH

Which of the solution has the highest concentration of OH- ions?. Explain your answer.
Larutan yang manakah mengandungi kepekatan ion OH -yang paling tinggi? Terangkan
jawapan anda.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………......
[ 3 marks ]

5. Sulphuric acid is a strong acid. Table shows two solutions of sulphuric acid P and Q of
different concentrations.
Asid sulfurik ialah asid kuat. Jadual menunjukkan dua larutan asid sulfurik, P dan Q
dengan kepekatan berbeza.

Sulphuric acid solution Concentration (mol dm-3)
Larutan asid sulfurik Kepekatan ( mol dm-3)

P 0.005

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 226

Q 0.05

(a) State the meaning of strong acid
Berikan maksud asid kuat.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(1 mark)

(b) Solutions P and Q have different pH values.
Larutan P dan Q mempunyai nilai pH berbeza.
(i) Which solution gives a lower pH value?
Larutan manakah memberikan nilai pH rendah?
…………………………………………………………………………………...
(1 mark)
(ii) Give one reason for the answer in (b)(i)
Berikan alasan bagi jawapan (b) (i).
…………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………..
(1 mark)

Diagram shows the apparatus used in the titration process between aqueous potassium
hydroxide solution and dilute sulphuric acid by using indicator A.
Rajah menunjukkan radas yang digunakan dalam proses pentitratan antara larutan
akueus kalium hidroksida dengan asid sulfurik cair dengan menggunakan penunjuk A.

(c) Name :
Namakan

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 227

(i) indicator A : ………………………………………………………………...
Penunjuk A

(ii) the process occur in diagram
proses yang berlaku dalam rajah

………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) Based on the answer in (c)(ii) , state the colour change of the solution in

conical flask at the end point.
Berdasarkan jawapan (c)(ii), nyatakan perubahan warna larutan dalam
kelalang kon pada takat akhir

(d) (i) …………………………………………………………………………………..
(1 mark)

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between potassium
hydroxide solution with sulphuric acid
Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas antara
larutan kalium hidroksida dengan asid sulfurik.

……………………………………………………………………………………
(2 marks)

(ii) In this experiment, 10.00cm3 of dilute sulphuric acid is needed to
neutralise completely 25.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide

solution. Calculate the molarity of dilute sulphuric acid.
Dalam eksperimen ini, 10.00 cm3 asid sulfurik cair diperlukan untuk
meneutralkan dengan lengkap 25.00 cm3 larutan kalium hidroksida 1.0
mol dm-3. Hitungkan kemolaran asid sulfurik cair.

(2 marks)

6. Diagram 6 shows the apparatus set-up for two set reactions, set I and set II involving
lead(ll) nitrate. Set I is the effect of heat on the lead(ll )nitrate while set II is the react
between lead(ll) nitrate solution and sodium carbonate solution.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi dua set tindak balas, set I dan set II yang
melibatkan plumbum(II) nitrat. Set I ialah kesan haba ke atas plumbum (II) nitrat
manakala set II ialah tindak balas antara larutan plumbum (II) nitrat dengan larutan
natrium karbonat.

Set I Modul Kimia Onsoi! 228
II
Set-up of
apparatus
Susunan
radas

Observation Brown gas released White solid
Pemerhatian Gas perang dibebaskan Pepejal putih

Colourless gas release ignited
wooden splinter

Gas tidak berwarna menyalakan
kayu uji berbara

Brown solid when hot, yellow
when cold

Pepejal perang sewaktu panas
dan kuning sewaktu sejuk

(a) Write the chemical formula of lead(ll) nitrate.
Tulis formula kimia bagi plumbum(II) nitrat.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(b) Based on set I,
Berdasarkan set I,
(i) State the gas produced when lead(ll) nitrate is heated.
Nyatakan gas yang terhasil apabila plumbum(II) nitrat dipanaskan.

…………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark[

(ii) Write the equation for the reaction occurred.
Tuliskan persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………….

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 229

[2 marks]

(c) If 33.1g of lead(ll) nitrate used, calculate the mass of lead(ll) oxide formed.
Jika 33.1g plumbum(II) nitrat digunakan, hitungkan jisim plumbum(II) oksida yang
terbentuk.
[Relative atomic mass Pb=207 , N=14,0=16, Jisim atom Pb=207 , N=14，0=16 ]

2 marks

Based on set 2,
Berdasarkan set 2,

(d) State the name of the precipitate X.
Nyatakan nama mendakan X itu.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(e) State the type of the reaction.
Nyatakan jenis tindak balas itu.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(f) Write the equation for the reaction occurred,
Tuliskan persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2 marks]

7. Diagram 7 shows three types of salt that is commonly found in school laboratories and
widely used in various industries.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan tiga jenis garam yang biasa dijumpai di makmal sekolah dan
banyak digunakan dalam pelbagai industri.

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 230

Based on Diagram 7：
Berdasarkan Rajah 7;

(i) State the name of one soluble salt.
Nyatakan nama satu garam terlarutkan.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(1 mark

(ii) Write the chemical formula of the salt.
Tuliskan formula kimia garam tersebut.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(1 mark)

(iii) What is the colour of the solid salt mention in (a)(i)?
Apakah warna pepejal garam yang dinyatakan dalam (a)(i)?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(1 mark)

(b) 26.7 g of the carbonate salt was decomposed when strongly heated.
26.7 g garam karbonat tersebut telah terurai apabila dipanaskan dengan kuat.

(i) What can be observed after solid carbonate was heated?
Apakah yang dapat diperhatikan selepas pepejal garam karbonat dipanaskan?

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(1 mark)

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation to show the decomposition process occurred
Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang untuk menunjukkan proses penguraian yang
berlaku.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(2 marks)
(iii) Determine the maximum volume of gas released from the decomposition process.

Tentukan isipadu maksimum gas yang terbebas daripada proses penguraian ini.

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 231

[Relative atomic mass: Pb = 207; O = 16: C = 12： 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at
room conditions]
[Jisim atom relatif. Pb = 207, O= 16, C= 12; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada
keadaan bilik]

(2 marks)
(c) Describe briefly how you can verify the present of anion in the sulphate salt.

Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana anda dapat mengesahkan kehadiran anion di
dalam garam sulfat tersebut.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(3 marks)
8. Diagram shows a flowchart for the formation of precipitate V and solution W.

Rajah menunjukkan carta alir bagi penghasilan mendakan V dan larutan W.

(a) Identify precipitate V ands olution W.
Kenalpasti mendakan V dan larutan W.
Precipitate V : ………………………………………………………………………….
Mendakan V

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 232

Solution W : …………………………………………………………………………..
Larutan W

(2 marks)

(b) (i) State the name of reaction M.
Nyatakan nama bagi tindak balas M.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
(1 mark)

(ii)Write the chemical equation for reaction M.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas M.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(1 mark)

(c) Calculate the mass of precipitate V formed in the reaction if 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol
dm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution is used.
Hitungkan jisim mendakan V yang terbentuk di dalam tindakbalas itu jika 50 cm3
larutan plumbum(II) nitrat,1.0 mol dm-3 digunakan.
(Jisim atom relatif Cl= 225, Pb=207)

(3 marks)

(d) Describe briefly chemical test to verify the anion in solution W.
Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk menentusahkan anion dalam larutan
W.
………………………. …………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3 marks)

(e) If sodium chloride solution is replaced with potassium chloride solution of the
same volume and concentration, predict the mass of the precipitate formed.

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 233

Jika larutan natrium klorida digantikan dengan larutan kalium iodida yang sama
isipadu dan kepekatannya ramalkan jisim mendakan terbentuk.
………………………………………………………………………………………………

(1 mark)
9. (a) In an experiment, 50cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 of ethanoic acid, CH3COOH reacts

completely with x g of sodium hydroxide, NaOH and its dissolved in 100 cm3 of solution.
Calculate the value of x.
Dalam satu eksperimen, 50cm3 0.1 mol dm-3 asid etanoik, CH3COOH bertindakbalas
lengkap dengan x g natrium hidroksida, NaOH dan dilarutkan dalam 100 cm3 larutan.
Hitungkan nilai x.

( 4 marks)
(b) Table shows the types of particles present in glacial ethanoic acid, glacial ethanoic
acid in solvent L and glacial ethanoic acid in solvent M.
Jadual M menunjukkan jenis zarah yang hadir dalam asid etanoik glasial, asid etanoik
glasial dalam pelarut L dan asid etanoik glasial dalam pelarut M.

Based on the Table :
Berdasarkan jadual :
Suggest the name of solvent L and solvent M. Explain your answer.
Write a balanced equation for the reaction occurs when magnesium, Mg is added into
glacial ethanoic acid in solvent L.
Cadangkan pelarut L dan pelarut M. Terangkan jawapan anda.
Tuliskan persamaan seimbang bagi tindak balas yang berlaku apabila magnesium, Mg
dimasukkan ke dalam asid etanoik glasial dalam pelarut L.

(6 marks)

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 234

(c) Diagram shows the pH values for hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid.
Rajah menunjukan nilai pH bagi asid hidroklorik dan asid etanoik.

Based on diagram :
Berdasarkan rajah :
(i) Compare the differences of pH values for both hydrochloric acid with different
molarity.
Bandingkan perbezaan nilai pH bagi kedua-dua asid hidroklorik yang mempunyai
kepekatan berbeza.

(2 marks)

(ii)Explain why the pH values for the hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid are different
with the same molarity.
Terangkan mengapa nilai pH bagi asid hidroklorik asid dan etanoik asid berbeza yang
mempunyai kepekatan yang sama.

(8 marks)

10. (a) Table shows a pH values for solution of acid A and acid B which have the same
concentration .
Jadual menunjukkan nilaii pH bagi larutan asid A dan asid B yang mempunyai
kepekatan yang sama

Acid pH value
Asid Nilai pH

A 1

B 5

Suggest one example for acid A an acid B.
Explain why the pH values of acid A and acid B are different.
Cadangkan satu contoh untuk asid A dan asid B.
Terangkan mengapa nilai ph asid A dan asid B berbeza.

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 235

(6 marks)
(b) Ali was stung by a jelly fish. The sting is alkaline in nature and causes pain.

Suggest one substance which Ali can apply on his skin to relieve the pain without
causing further injury.
Give two reasons for your suggestion.

Ali disengat oleh obor-obor. Sengatan obor-obor bersifat alkali dan menyebabkan
kesakitan.
Cadangkan satu bahan yang boleh disapu oleh Ali pada kulitnya untuk mengurangkan
kesakitan tanpa menyebabkan kecederaan lebih serius.
Berikan dua sebab bagi cadangan anda

(3 marks)
(c) Diagram shows a series of reaction for salt S. Salt S is heated strongly to produce

compound T and gas U.
Compound T reacts with sulphuric acid to form coloured solution of salt W.

Rajah menunjukkan satu siri tindakbalas bagi garam S. Garam S dipanaskan dengan
kuat untuk menghasilkan sebatian T dan gas U.
Sebatian T bertindakbalas dengan asid sulfurik membentuk larutan berwarna garam W.

Based on the diagram,
Berdasarkan rajah,

(i) identify salt S, compound T, gas U and salt W
Kenapasti garam S, Sebatian T, gas U dan garam W.

(4marks)

(ii) Write chemical equation for the reaction between compound T and sulphuric acid
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas sebatian T dan asid sulfurik.
(2 marks)

(iii) Describe briefly chemical test to verify the cation and anion in coloured solution of salt
W.

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 236
Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan kehadiran kation dan anion
dalam larutan berwarna garam W.

(5 marks)
11. Diagram 10 shows the set-up of apparatus to prepare two solutions of hydrogen chloride

in solvent X and solvent Y.
Rajah menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyediakan dua larutan hidrogen klorida di
dalam pelarut X dan pelarut Y.

Table shows the pH values of two solutions of hydrogen chloride in solvent X and
solvent Y.
Jadual menunjukkan nilai pH bagi dua larutan hidrogen klorida dalam pelarut X dan
pelarut Y.

(a) (i) Name a suitable substance that can be used as solvent X and solvent Y.
Namakan bahan yang sesuai yang boleh digunakan sebagai pelarut X dan
pelarut Y.
(2 marks)

(ii) Describe chemical test to differentiate the two solutions of hydrogen chloride in
solvent X and solvent Y.
Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk membezakan dua larutan hidrogen klorida di
dalam pelarut X dan pelarut Y. Terangkan jawapan anda.
(6 marks)

(b) (i) From table, choose suitable hydrogen chloride that can be used to prepare a

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 237

soluble zinc salt. Explain your answer.
Dari jadual, pilih hidrogen kloorida yang sesuai digunakan untuk menyediakan
satu garam zink terlarutkan. Terangkan jawapan anda.

(2 marks)
(ii) By using hydrochloric acid and one suitable substance, describe an experiment

to prepare dried zinc chloride salt.
Dengan menggunakan asid hidroklorik dan bahan yang sesuai, huraikan satu
eksperimen untuk menyediakan garam zink klorida yang kering.

(10 marks)

Paper 3
Kertas 3

1. A student carried out an experiment to construct the ionic equation for the formation of
barium sulphate.
Table 1 shows the volume of 0.5 mol dm-3 barium chloride solution added into 5 cm3 of 0.5 mol
dm-3 potassium sulphate solution in seven test tubes labelled P, Q, R, S, T, U and V.
Each test tube is shaken and left for an hour.

Seorang murid telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk membina persamaan ion bagi
pembentukan barium sulfat.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan isipadu larutan barium klorida 0.5 mol dm-3 yang ditambah ke dalam 5
cm3 larutan kalium sulfat 0.5 mol dm-3 di dalam setiap tabung uji berlabel P, Q, R, S, T, U dan
.V.
Setiap tabung uji digoncangkan dan dibiarkan selama setengah jam.

Test tubes P QR ST U V
Tabung uji 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
Volume of potassium sulphate solution ( mol dm-3)
Isipadu larutan kalium sulfat (mol dm-3)

Volume of barium chloride solution (cm3)
Isipadu larutan barium klorida (cm3)

Height of barium sulphate precipitate (cm3)
Tinggi mendakan barium sulfat (cm3)

Table 1
Jadual 1

Diagram 1 shows the height of white precipitate of barium sulphate formed in all seven test
tubes when barium chloride solution reacts with potassium sulphate solution. Barium sulphate
is insoluble salt.

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 238
Rajah 1 menunjukkan tinggi mendakan putih barium sulfat yang terbentuk dalam kesemua
tujuh tabung uji tersebut apabila larutan barium klorida bertindakbalas dengan larutan kalium
sulfat. Barium sulfat ialah garam tak terlarutkan.

(a) Measure the height of the precipitate in each test tube in Diagram 1 and record the
measurements in Table 1
Ukur tinggi mendakan dalam setiap tabung uji dalam Rajah 1 dan rekodkan ukuran
dalam Jadual 1.
(3 marks)

(b) (i) Referring to Diagram 1, state the change in the height of the precipitate formed.
Merujuk kepada Rajah 1, nyatakan perubahan dalam ketinggian mendakan
terbentuk.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(3 marks)

(ii) State the inference based on your answer in 1(b)(i).
Nyatakan inferens berdasarkan jawapan anda di 1(b)(i).
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(3 marks)

(c) State the variables for this experiment
Nyatakan pembolehubah bagi eksperimen ini

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 239

Manipulated variable: …………………………………………………………..

Pembolehubah dimalarkan

Responding variable: …………………………………………………………..

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas

Constant variable: ………………………………………………………….
Pembolehubah dimalarkan (3 marks)

(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment
Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3 marks)

(e) Draw a graph of height of precipitate against volume of barium chloride solution on the
graph paper provided.
Lukiskan graf tinggi mendakan melawan isipadu larutan barium klorida pada kertas graf
yang disediakan.
Graph height of precipitate against volume of barium chloride
Graf tinggi mendakan melawan isipadu larutan barium klorida

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 240
(3 marks)

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 241

(f) Based on the graph plotted in 1 (e) state the volume of barium chloride solution needed
to react completely with 5.0 cm3 of potassium sulphate solution.
Show on the graph how you determine the volume of barium chloride solution.
Berdasarkan graf yang dilukis dalam 1 (e) , nyatakan isipadu larutan barium klorida yang
diperlukan untuk bertindakbalas lengkap dengan 5.0 cm3 larutan kalium sulfat.
Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan isipadu larutan barium klorida
tersebut.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
( 3 marks)

(g) (i) Calculate the number of mole of barium chloride solution needed to react
completely 1 mole potassium sulphate solution.
Hitungkan bilangan mol larutan barium klorida yang diperlukan untuk
bertindakbalas dengan lengkap dengan satu mol larutan kalium sulfat

(3 marks)
(ii) Based on your answer in 1 (g)(i), write the ionic equation for this experiment.

Berdasarkan jawapan anda di 1 (g)(i) , tuliskan persamaan ion untuk eksperimen
ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(3 marks)

(h) State the operational definition reaction
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi tindak balas pemendakan.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(3 marks)

(i) Explain why each test tube is shaken and left for half and hour.
Jelaskan mengapa setiap tabung uji digoncangkan dan dibiarkan selama setengah jam.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 242

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.

(3 marks)
(j) Classify the ions in potassium sulphate and barium chloride into cation and anion

Kelaskan ion-ion dalam kalium sulfat dan barium klorida kepada kation dan anion.

(3 marks)

5.0 Answers
Jawapan

1. Set induksi

Lead acid accumulator Egg Soap Sodium hydroxide
Strong acid Weak acid Weak alkali Strong alkali

1. Zinc carbonate ZnCO3 IS
2. Magnesium chloride MgCl2 S
3. Barium sulphate BaSO4 IS
4. Sodium nitrate NaNO3 S
5. Copper(II) carbonate CuCO3 IS
6. Lead(II) chloride PbCl2 IS
7. Calcium sulphate CaSO4 IS
8. Iron(II) nitrate Fe(NO3)2 S
9. Iron(III) sulphate Fe2(SO4)3 S
10. Potassium carbonate K2CO3 S

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 243

2. Define/ explain
No. Terms/ Concepts Takrifkan / terangkan
Bil. istilah/ konsep
1. Acid Chemical substances ionise in water to produce hydrogen ions.
Bahan kimia yang mengion dalam air menghasilkan ion
Asid hidrogen

2. Basicity of acids Number of hydrogen ions produced by an acid molecule that
ionise in water
3. Monoprotic acid Bilangan ion hidrogen dihasilkan oleh molekul asid yang
Asid monoprotik mengion dalam air

4. Diprotik acid Acid that ionises in water produce 1 hydrogen ion per acid
Asid diprotik molecule
Asid yang mengion dalam air menghasilkan 1 ion hidrogen per
5. Triprotic acid molekul asid
Asid triprotik
Acid that ionises in water produce 2 hydrogen ion per acid
6. Base molecule
Bes Asid yang mengion dalam air menghasilkan 2 ion hidrogen per
molekul asid
7. Alkali
Acid that ionises in water produce 3 hydrogen ion per acid
8. pH molecule
Asid yang mengion dalam air menghasilkan 3 ion hidrogen per
9. Strong acid molekul asid
Asid kuat
A substance that reacts with acid to produce salt and water
only
Bahan yang bertindakbalas dengan asid menghasilkan garam
dan air sahaja

Chemical substances that ionise in water to produce hydroxide
ions
Bahan kimia yang mengion dalam air menghasilkan ion
hidroksida

Logarithmic measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in
aqueous solution

Acid that ionises completely in water to produce high
concentration of hydrogen ions
Asid yang mengion lengkap dalam air menghasilkan kepekatan
ion hidrogen yang tinggi

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 244

10. Weak acid Acid that ionises partially in water to produce low concentration
Asid lemah of hydrogen ions
Asid yang mengion separa dalam air menghasilkan kepekatan
ion hidrogen rendah

11. Strong alkali Alkali that ionise completely in water to produce high
Alkali kuat concentration of hydroxide ion
Alkali yang mengion lengkap dalam air menghasilkan
kepekatan ion hidroksida tinggi

12. Weak alkali Alkali that ionises partially in water to produce low
Alkali lemah concentration of hydroxide ions
Alkali yang mengion separa dalam air menghasilkan
kepekkatan ion hidroksida rendah

13. Concentration of solution Measurement that shows the quantity of solute dissolved in a

Kepekatan larutan unit volume of solution

Ukuran menunjukkan kuantiti bahan terlarut larut dalam unit

isipadu larutan

14. Concentration in unit g Mass of solute found in 1 dm3 solution
dm-3 Jisim bahan terlarut dalam 1 dm3 larutan

Kepekatan dan unit g
dm-3

15. Concentration in unit mol Number of moles of solute found in 1 dm3 solution

dm-3 // Molarity Bilangan mol bahan terlarut dalam 1 dm3 larutan

Kepekatan dalam unit

mol dm-3

16. Standard solution A solution with known concentration.
Larutan piawai Larutan yang diketahui kepekatan

17. Neutralisation A reaction between an acid and alkali (base) to produce salt
Peneutralan and water only
Tindakbalas antara asid dan alkali(bes) menghasilkan garam
dan air sahaja

18. Titration method A quantitative analysis method to determine volume of acid
Kaedah pentitratan needed to completely neutralise a given volume of alkali and
vice versa

19. End point The point in the titration at which the acid-base indicator
Titik akhir changes colour
Titik dalam pentitratan di mana penunjuk asid-bes berubah

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 245

warna

20. Salt Ionic compound produced from neutralisation reaction
Garam between acid and alkali
Sebatian ion hasil daripada tindakbalas peneutralan antara
asid dan alkali

21. Soluble salts Salts that dissolve in water at room temperature
Garam terlarutkan Garam yang larut dalam air pada suhu bilik

22. Non-soluble salts Salts that do not dissolve in water at room temperature
Garam tak terlarutkan Garam yang tidak larut dalam air pada suhu bilik

23. Qualitative analysis of A technique used to identify the cation and anion present in the
salt salt by analysing its physical and chemical properties
Analisis kualitatif garam Teknik untuk mengenalpasti kation dan anion di dalam garam
melalui analisis sifat fizikal dan kimia

EASY QUESTIONS

Questions Acid Alkali
Soalan
Chemicals that ionises in Chemicals that ionise in water
1. Meaning water produce hydrogen ion produce hydroxide ion
Maksud Bahan kimia yang mengion Bahan kimia yang mengion
dalam air menghasilkan ion dalam air menghasilkan ion
hidrogen hidroksida

✦ Monoprotik acid : Acid that

ionise in water produce 1

hydrogen ion
Asid yang mengion dalam air
menghasilkan 1 ion hidrogen
Example : hydrochloric acid,
nitric acid, ethanoic acid
✦ Diprotic acid : Acid that

ionise in water produce 2

hydrogen ion
Asid yang mengion dalam air
hasilkan 2 ion hidrogen

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 246

Example : Sulphuric acid
✦ Triprotic acid : Acid that

ionise in water produce 3

hydrogen ion
Asid yang mengion dalam air
menghasilkan 3 ion hidrogen
Example : Triprotic acid

2. What type of ion is Hydrogen ion Hydroxide ion
present to show it Ion hidrogen Ion hidroksida
property?
Apakah jenis ion hadir
untuk menunjukkan
sifatnya?

3. What is needed to Water Water
show its property? It will ionise to hydrogen ion It will ionise to hydroxide ion
Why? Air. Ia akan mengion kepada Air. Ia akan mengion kepada
Apakah yang ion hidrogen ion hidroksida
diperlukan untuk
menunjukkan
sifatnya? Sebab?

4. Why it is classified as Ionised completely in water Ionised completely in water
strong acid and strong produce high concentration of produce high concentration of
alkali? hydrogen ion hydroxide ion
Kenapa ia dikelaskan Mengion lengkap dalam air Mengion lengkap dalam air
kepada asid kuat dan menghasilkan kepekatan ion menghasilkan kepekatan ion
alkali kuat? hidrogen yang tinggi hidroksida yang tinggi

✦ pH value range pH : 1-3 pH : 12-14

Nilai pH

5. Why it is classified as Ionised partially in water Ionised partially in water
weak acid and weak produce low concentration of produce low concentration of
alkali? hydrogen ion hydroxide ion
Kenapa ia dikelaskan Mengion separa dalam air Mengion separa dalam air
kepada asid lemah menghasilkan kepekatan ion menghasilkan kepekatan ion
dan alkali lemah? hidrogen yang rendah hidroksida yang rendah

✦ pH value range pH : 4-7 pH : 8-11

Nilai pH

6. Relationship between Higher concentration of Higher concentration of

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 247

hydrogen ion/ hydrogen ion , smaller pH hydroxide ion , bigger pH
hydroxide ion with pH value value
value Kepekatan ion hidrogen tinggi, Kepekatan ion hidroksida
Hubungn antara nilai pH kecil tinggi, nilai pH tinggi
kepekatan ion
hidrogen / ion
hidroksida dengan
nilai pH

7. Formula to calculate pH = -log
its pH value
Formula untuk
mengira nilai pH

8. Chemical properties of 1. React with bases 1. React with acid
acid and alkali produce salts and produce salts and
Sifat kimia asid dan water water
alkali Tindakbalas dengan Tindak balas dengan
bes hasilkan garam asid menghasilkan
dan air garam dan air

2. React with reactive 2. Mixture of alkali and
metals produce salt ammonia salts
and hydrogen gas (heated) release
Tindakbalas dengan ammonia gas
logam reaktif hasilkan Campuran alkali dan
garam dan gas garam ammonia yang
hidrogen dipanaskan
membebaskan gas
3. React with metal ammonia
carbonate release salt,
water and carbon 3. Alkali reacts with most
dioxide gas metal ion produce
Tindakbalas dengan insoluble metal
logam karbonat hydroxide precipitate
membebaskan garam, Alkali bertindak balas
air dan gas karbon dengan beberapa ion
dioksida logam menghasilkan
mendakan hidroksida

What is pH value? pH = -log [ H+ ]
Apakah nilai pH?

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 248

What is measured by pH Measure concentration of hydrogen ions, H+ in solution
values? Mengukur kepekatan ion hidrogen, H+ dalam larutan
Apakah yang diukur oleh
nilai pH?

What is measured by Measure concentration of hydroxide ions, OH- in solution
pOH value? Mengukur kepekatan ion hidroksida, OH- dalam larutan
Apa yang diukur oleh
nilai pOH?

What is the formula for pOH = -log [ OH- ]
pOH
Apakah formula nilai
pOH?

What is the relationship The sum of pH and pOH always 14
pH + pOH = 14
between pH and pOH?

Apakah hubungan

antara pH dan pOH?

What is the relationship Higher concentration of hydrogen ion, lower pH value
Tinggi kepekatan ion hidrogen, rendah nilai pH
between pH value with Higher concentration of hydroxide ion, higher pH value
Tinggi kepekatan ion hidroksida, tinggi nilai pH
concentration of

hydrogen ion and

hydroxide ion?

Apakah hubungan

antara nilai pH dengan

kepekatan ion hidrogen

dan ion hidroksida?

Modul Kimia Onsoi! 249

What are the factors that pH value depends on:
can affect the pH value Nilai pH bergantung pada :
of acid and alkali? 1. Strength of acid or alkali
Apakah faktor yang Degree of ionsation of acid and alkali in water
mempengaruhi nilai pH Kekuatan asid dan alkali
asid dan alkali? - Darjah penceraian asid dan alkali dalam air
2. Molarity of acid and alkali
The concentration of acid or alkali
Kemolaran asid dan alkali
- Kepekatan asid dan alkali
3.Basicity of an acid
Number of ionisable hydrogen ion per acid molecule that ionises in
water

How we measured pH 1. Using pH metre
value of solution? Guna pH metre
Bagaiman kita mengukur 2. Used acid-based indicator
nilai pH larutan?
Guna penunjuk asid-bes

State the colour of

following acid-based

indicator in acidic, Indicator Colour Warna
Penunjuk
neutral and alkaline
Litmus solution
solution. Larutan litmus Acid Neutral Alkali
Red
Nyatakan warna

penunjuk asid-bes

berikut larutan berasid, Purple Blue

neutral dan beralkali

Methyl orange Red Orange Yellow
Metil jingga

Phenolpthalein Colourless Colourless Pink
Fenolftalein Tidak Tidak Merah muda
berwarna berwarna
Ungu
Universal indicator Red Green
Penunjuk semesta

What is solution? Homogenous mixture when solute dissolve in solvent.
Apa itu larutan? Campuran homogenus apabila bahan terlarut laut dalam pelarut