An Integrated Approach to Intermediate Japanese (textbook)

,",,, E**ffiffi1

15

.l t ¡ #>>>>>

6tf,'fltf¿i personal experience g 't С, bathroom Llit., place to
past *a$iJhr,. wash one's handsl
¿J¿ to state
funny u t;tJ reason; explanation
)E* lname of a prefectureJ
ÐØt '¡-a ot ur i rl¿ø1. hard [as in "work harü']

*"'¿J U ¡¡ -4ffi6 lname of a templel
pronunciation
FÐ,ì¡t o; x-¡u¿i v

#yú+

alcta¡,

mÊ

¡'- ¿f ¡ consíderably; real7y; to a ¡t)ùyl^ Hollywood

great extent ¡r[.o i actorlactress

(' [>>>*]t-l- t'21 11 EFæ. this side (of -)

Ë'Èt l- l living;1ife style t8 (-Ø)*nÈl.. i to laugh

(,-¿;)Stt¡"¡. /¡ ¡- it mustbe (-) x,.F-

[>>>git-z- ¡¡]

4 lù'À,zc À,t â to be modest; to humble 21 ¡l|p¿" l'CL. É.Î lr whatever eise might be

oneself said; after all

ã'1¿sY-'4 '/ Y thafs worthy of ¡t( Ë. complex
honorific language
you, Jason; thafs truly &Æ(t¡)

like the great student rtt. ¿.

ffiffi

that you are, Jason [if., respect languagel

l>>>x;Å,t-¡-q7 22 (-ùr) r:5t t (/J) not good/skilled

Ë+

l:trL particle(s) t{,+vs i (at -)
EJJñ opposite 23 ñ,FË
to correct [uf.] practice
r¡fttr'

Ef,ü

r¡tJ

ÉT

242

+-o F^'Ìtv t'. 'Y Donald Keene v't si selÊstudy
r[' u* 72 ËlË
unfamiliar l:ffit'Ì¡t^ /
r Éfr¿: formally ß ttv
F,/¡: åØär.l
F,merSJ
Chinese food
+EffiÈqri:( ¿' Chinese language 14 ttçr5#¡,f+¡!¡æu in those days
fixed-price htnclt/ dinner
: (-t:) *Ð'åtr â -)to decide (to [u.¿.] F _l-
L-i v
in those days [: 4 Ø ¿ 4l 16 4 o)tA
5ffi
Ëêt['u¡ <
-cf extremely [written
17
3 mÐa.

expressionl ¡at'U. $'f,. at most [>>>*;Ê/-t'9]

X+r;t't¡¿ most of 18 (-ù:) ù¡'bc ( to come by (a meal)
. tr.,
woman t:A{S. kØLl 19 (-t:)trñ*5D å to agfee to; to accept
4ffiL

¿? free [time] t¿-Lt[r0'\¡ì¡7ìl--ldE'¿i Taiwan
around (someone)
s [H(r¡) E EI¿:

6 t-'ål¿: È) truiy l:Ft:l

ïl'À,ô'b l-l¿ carefree; slow-moving L.iLi finaþ; at last

-x¡l.*¿ nÉ¿'!..¿ ¿ broken le. g., J apanese)
one sentence summer cottage
z T^.r*;r(r¡) II-
not good; unskilled
.{. êt
;t( ¡{ri, 24 ElJff

RdE blackboard *ta- to invite

81+a t 25 tE<

ft' to copy [u.t.J 26 +¡l+'a to loaf on the job; to idle
significant; great away one's time
 L/¿ 2? mr¡[t*'.-l
*L to encourage
t),+ tx improvement; progress ffiøa
to urge (someone) to do
ÆÞ (something)

_tr

#'Ð â to notice; to recognue

g -l¡ØØ -although [>>>*8,/- 1-6] i¿t¡ usual; that which was
r.t ¡rti mentioned before
-fr-e on one ttand or on the 28 ffiJa)
other hand (depending anti-Japanese sentiment
t' on the context) artut:tJJf LU t i
EBÆ ffi embarrassing
z-f-F [>>>g,E/- t 7] f
¿ti utÈ¡ zs |r|tt[f']: ¡.
[Chinese lamily name] I
ro Hffift
Tãng dynasty [618-907] -äåì ò but; although t:-ülÈ?, ¿'l
t [>>>*tå-l- l-. 10]
poem;poetry Sr
ñü-ö first of all
12 bâE one day rf¿¡¡a (r¡)
average; ordinary; like
¿ I, l¡,¡, I1brary ^ìû normal people
EXËÊH
¡t( rti desire
30 mÆ

.l 'l¡=#,,,,.

t y rtãàr. ftWL"-i: ( United States of ,t'È tL¡ i a little l:,Þ1,)

3t 7 ì 47 &

America 48 Ët'i f¿fli¡f,¡f,i view of moralit¡r

).- A )t v 1',1 Ì North Carolina J.- much; considerably

l-c akeady l: {, ,l ;lçt- ùl l:xÆl

33 ffiù: orchard (-å)7Êtt tli-"î/uâ to contradict (-)
ù' rYsli-lu
RffifEI

ffia to snap r¡'¿tJ¡ many times more -

34 (-þ)fçfli¡¡#¡'-î to point (to -) {,49 'lEÏffi difficuþ to understand

¡¡ã¿'l'

50 #ffið

¡.Þ r¡ b al|of a sudden É6u-t¿r'

itself

+l'27yrÈ cherry 6;t(¡( to master; to overcome

36 ¡h¿ a to commemorate ÉEET hard [:-ätrô]

îúã,t utru¡u.Àøl' lfamily name]

?&u¿r5¡V.¿i elementary school 5? -Ffmft'
textbook ¡bt* i¡
40 ¡Jr r#w.

f+Éäå ¡ri ¿'rL ¡ rlr [male given name]

4t i b well [used when making J[¡\ together with; in
a modest or hesitant Tf company with

statementl ¿ ù ¿ò again

- å L'C¿* for; considering Bd¡î; ¡; with respect to
nationality
[>>>g;tz- ¡ll] ;t(+Èuri

Etffi-hlå

t'¡f a ¡lì-ct on the contrary
[>>>E;Ëz- ¡ r+]
+Ð content )-7a.l
-as far as is concerned
42 Q'{Lt: t i{, even so [>>>*;ã.2-¡tz] -tT'lÌ
ûff¿'Ìu t i mountain cottage
¿? t:üØ.ElJ#l
43m n.L
;.¿ r age -+. owner
È-
(- å ) ftt¡ a to be different (from -) other
lþø
t:Ë, I [written

expressionl

-ffi6l: [¡¿ ; l< ¡r¿
44 HÆffi Japanese reader

4s -¿ft(fit,¡^.t reader; reading book 5z b'* È, ù; â to give up
to drop out
¿lå as far as -; -as long âs rIr¿ < to understand

-[E b [>>>gitz- ¡ l¡] Ãfr,wt a

vsli v,\' motaT education -r,,'

46 IøH ss æb ffit â

245

¡.l t #.,,..

1 ,r, Ntcà ,/ N z /c å lâ#t >¿. le >>>ôËÈÁ,rc5]

a) i LØEct¿à- yçEll'à. b É i Ø !"

(My mother complains ali the time land I feel frustratedl .)

b) ù¡o))yct¿b- a à"rÌ,: ¿Ë i Ø ¡."

(He said this. lCan you believe it?J )

2 rr, .l a ffë ='considerabty; really; to a great extent'
lã#,z > t.¿ >>> å : tãë#eE 5 uâ...]

J ,lÍ å" is a còttoquiat form of Ì ¿* ¿", which .in.d-ic'.â.té.s,,th.a:rt :so.rm.e.th-i:n:gri,sËof:a',d,e,g-re.e,.c'o.n-

..;¡ùaàùiV,@m*¡,uu1,,,.,'.:.r-:

a) ËìEø 7 r yr^tÌ. N+ØïE+.I*iff ¿Ëiå?)ìô 6 ¿,Hz(t'6 1 i /ì.

(Most,{mericans seem to think that university professors have a great deal of free time.)

b) trØêãllj pffE *1't' 6 Ll-.
(It seems that the dormitory food is really bad.)

3 t* ^,1!Ët rtC[l='it must be -' lã#,z > ¿.t >>>ËeLìÊI5 Lä uctìãt-Etìtðtì]

lPt_og.ó.r,v¡n9....1¡.,1¡,s.ta msofæ

) -a ó Â, 2¡^ È rÌ,X.t :IÈ.À"î u- â À,TÌ lt, t t.'> tf à#r¡ 4åìÉ þ l' 1. lr 6 l;lËü r /J ü to
(Since he lives in a big house like that, he must be realþ well-off')

b) b4 aî*rÉ+ffi? LÍr'â0)ttt BA^Eætr/JLro

(The person who is bowing over there must be a Japanese.)

c) ù'L¿ < l:lv L'¡t BAffiùttð Lt"l;Ëür/JLt.

ffiEl¿:

(Japanese mustbe easy for Koreans to learn.)

d) É,Ft ø/¡ t .äffi ùiõÆ[;SUtt¡ ¡t"

(It must be inconvenient to live without electricity.)

Qrrr, ËTår(fE) ='¡ndeed; as may be expected' ,,,,, EäÈf6sl

lãfri > u >>> È3-rïv¡ I v >reaf

a) BA t: *ff ò {lÂ,t u. /c Ìi ùl ã> c t - ë f rî El4#àsI#/¿""
(Since he has lived in Japan for ten years, he speaks excellent Japanese indeed.)

b) r6lþB) +V Øft8l¿ùl ó z f . ð Trïl:f ÌÌ' å L t.?li.

(He is an excellent calligrapher, as may be expected of someone who teaches calligraphy.)

5 "' NtslvlÎ,lNtcrl? le#z > l.z >>> ÐJÐãÄtrì !. 1 2. 26 >>> #letvh\ !. 22 >>> ¿O)tâO)

*+*.fílv< 2.24 >>> *l||Ãréárålu< !-26 >>>the books Etu<]

Both /¡å,å. and l¡A,1 can follow a noun, wittr the meaqing of :things (or people) like-.'

Only t¡ ¿"'ç, however, can follow a sentence. Ì¡ À,'C, is a contraction of many forms such as

tj å'ÌÌ- /¡ à'I. tj å ¿ t. i o)lt. orthelike.

li:lirlr:::Ì lii: 1 li li:l:..:i ':. ,.: .::. :':::, :r::l:::: , l:.. .. --

a ) Þl;-¡ilr¿ hfii (t¿ ¡7 ) ffi t t. t ,Ba l¿.
(I thought things like particles were difficult.)

b) tfl'ùll ¿ rfÄÈìrÈìÐ)Biù't¿,1"( (=t¿EEtraAÉ)- ðz¿f bâà.ùtÃltoI¿.

(I didn't understand at ail things like how wøtashiwa anduatashi ga differ.)
ttr' í
Wffiþæ.b/J
) lvtc (:t¿ t, ë) Êi>{vr¿z). 6.,ù'ÉÉL Ë ç = t¿.
!. å ft?L¿: Ì¡ â f¿

(Since I was told that it would be impolite if I don't :use keigo,I was worried.)

$ >tt -*¿0)0)='although -' lffiævt > t.s >>>fle)5nãára/t€øo)l

a ) 1ãlffiøfùt¡frþ=+L /¿ úOO. É+#ä l-îffifÃþffi,tp ¿ ¿ ùÌ * l¿(" È /J t."
(Although I studied Japanese for three years, I still can't read newspapers without a dictionary.)

r¡r.l i À.,!d)r.

b) I iBäflÉl+ølÛÃþW.b
),,fi.r¿$oo, ù, t ù,/! ¿ ¿* LrÌ,t¡.ct¿"

fiffñÉlz¡ftrfÉffittÆ.L

(Although Japan adopted western culture, it would not change its traditional values.)

.l t ¡ #>>>>>

| ,r, -fr( (f*) ='on one hand; on the other hand' læ¿¡ry¡>¿.gf

:aiïi.i,iÈ t"i'nse¿fi;4,Þn*.êlÊø;È.Eri: *È:Jii'Hu*.êi.éi,j it
"r
often omitted.

a ) ø < q'ËuffT æ z.c !. 6 àì. -ä't'. É4r¡ ff x rÌ. ¿: rr.' !. 6 4Ël*ido t,4/J r,.o
(The number of working women is increasing every year, but, on the other hand, woman who hold
important posts are quite few in number.)

b) H)KHffi¿Ì. -ÈV' rf Erå v.t)v0)9çlLä*ftàrffi1,/i¿ì. füÉ'?. ttRÐÆffitr¡tÈ r¡Fñ

ffi å r¡ ->'c.\. â o

(es for U.S.-Japan relations, while, on one hand, cultural exchange in the private domain is quite
popular, on the other 1nand, trade friction is a big probiem.)

8'* FFlD&äfi='almost every day' lffiarvÀ>!.91

It means that it appears like every day, although it is not actually every day.¡.8:'cãh:ibè
replaced by ìEû, Fl, +, El, FFÉ|, etc.

a) *_vË Â,ù*. rfi#n+æ?ê-rr¡ e it¿"
'Ea&¡(I hear Mr. Keene ate Chinese food almost every day.)

b) 86ffiø' I EËrdo&a t:ffiffi¿r6 6"
(In Japanese cla^s-sc, 'wùe1,h.ave homework for almost every class period.)

9 *r.Ü[r{tüt='at most' lffiaNl > t.tz >>> titìËtìElr-Ëtlì-Ë]

It indicates a maximum limit, which is still a small amount.

) ix ti- ür-.u r, (* -ffiHl ¿: tt ü ttt :Æ5 /¡ þtÌ'r' !.ä/¿'.
", ^(In aTarge class, on a good day, you will be called on at most once or twice.)

b) EÆØt)-i y -3vtå.- lfraþIfial¿ Ll,aLÙ- tft,rütrEf. ãElf Lr ,.
(Japanese white-collar workers, when they take vacations, take at most four, five days.)

1O * -l¡,lf b='although -' lffiaw > n s >>> EùËl¡' L r*bt 5 ]

a) Bäùr. d\ã r.ÉEl/Jáf åffiËtEil/¿"

(Although Japan is a small island country, it is an economic superpower.)

248

,,,,, Eä#ftffii

b) îåãt¿ år å. â El ¿r,fEl å * rÌ ô.

(I am sorr5r but I can't visit you today.)

c) B ä ¿: {Ì Â, -e r. /J ár å El äffi ,)ì-Ë ü ffi ì} /J r,. ø l* å,å# f¡"

(Ifs curious that a person who's been living in Japan can't speak a word of Japanese.)

d) lJù'e, /Jù./Jrïàt*',ä1¡ fi tftÀiùô) t. CD ?Ef,t.( !./¿ à. /ì¿,ril,,Jltt,â J i t¿: rJ ? È /¿.

(Although I didn't understand, I listened and listened to the CD, and then I st¿rted to comprehend

it.)

í f *" N ¿ LÍH ='îorì considering' lffiuW > ¿.¿ t >>>,1 \+ll-+¿+ e uzm]

a) ÈîH¡ ¿¿*. BA^¿ t?Í*t€ffir)r-h+f T"

(Maeda-san speaks good English for a Japanese.)

b) HHI*. tfltF¿ t,<ßïtr#trì¡!./¡¡..
(fokyo has few crimes for a big cify.)

12 *' Z*t'J¿[r?t ='even so' læaø>t.tzl

) ( (a
F-ñI*Wlffitlffi r,. å,H = t- /¡ Èì. Z tt t= L t, H r. Ø ù: tÌHt. l¿.
that prices how expensive
(I had expected in Tokyo would be high, but even so, I was surprised

everything was.)

b) T t yrØHæ¿i. #Hffigtr*eiär.å ( I ir. ¿,8, ùì, ztrt=a,(t, ü i,,¿ffiffi

ð riÍ ü I' t.ØîÌtä t,Ìì ô ) tt,"

(I think it's great that American high school students can spend. lots of time on extra-curricular
activities, etc., but even so, wouldn't it be better if they made students study a little more?)

c ) EAØt+¿*. &âl:ffi âffi7)o) À,d b (--å å ffira'¿ Ëòl¿f u. â " z nEUÍ t,. tr

Â,-c..ù$à. bt-âitùl¿: ù ¡.frl¡t./¿ó i.
(Japanese colieges are said to provide time for students to relax before they go orlt into the real
worid. Even so, I don't think they should just goof around.)

Í3 -" ^,FU ='as far as -; as long as -, lffiañt > t.ts >>>lÀo)flãßþl

It is used to set limits within which the fo[òwing statement trol¿S true. tt generAty follows

plain forms of verbs and r,.-adjectÌves. Nouns are in ÍJõ å-form (t.r., {+.X.cA a m I l,
.'(i.id'..rarãdjeòti., either in t. ó a rorrn,a!,ø.¡jr.Þ,,rl .,)Èi.,::',.,r.,
,,'.r

a)'cå åw.q o)¿ ¿ ¿tT â)$ b î1"
(I intend to do whatever I can.)

b) ffifinr¡ t.FU. +&Hfñ* /¡ ¡.;þ¿r¡. ¡..

(As long as you are not sick, you should notbe absent from school.)

I

"l 13 ëF>>>>>

)c A | ,h+.- 'lEI¿.1' l'9€fi1É*41¡ /¡ u'(" l- ¡ ) ù'"
(Sensei, do you know of any good English-Japanese dictionary?)
B i Qt f"î{a" fl¡Øffic'(.t- 6FrJ t'¿*. BAÀørcoøfüälÌ'å' b (". 7, Y ù Lt:
ffit,-\àf !-Øùlt¡ u.Â,f.'f ùl Ð. trÀ b ¿¡r¡i€fllf*Fi È t. ) øÈ;ó b * TÈ.6- æ
.z'C.b.f¿ È ¿if'fÈ'"
(We11, as far as I know, all the dictionaries are for Japanese people and there is no good one for
Americans. However, there is one called Fûngana English-/apanese Dicttonary, so you might
want to try it.)

14*" IIã-CT--'on the contrary' l#aflø>¿.ss>>>zfilrrr5,ã.a(EÄFãEãt<ltÂD:lt*;rl

.;¡¡l* ...a¡çÈid,à poti (otconseeuence¡ii1l.0,nhä tL*,...-..h.'$1..i .'"',-,,:
a) fit.-L -r-VffiÆUfcÙ, frà"e(È/¿/J ( /¡cl¡.

(I washed a white sweatèr, and now it looks dirtier than before.)

b) fåfif')f'!'i,øffi.u,frþffifJ ¿- 7t'ZcTillt' å /¡ ( /¡ 7ã a Llrìbâ"
(When you read instructions for a machine, sometimes you get more confused.)

c ) ilffiØÈîØHfi t:fu,ffiLT å" â L - h' ì-cT c* 6 ¡¡¡'ffiSl' þl 6 : ¿ rìð 6.
(If you study too much the night before an exarrr, sometimes you end up making silly mistakes.)

"," Eä#Ëffi1

a)'-lf ë*,Uùöâffiãf â >>>>>[âËÉt]

A-+lv: #tfrat: ¿ { öåá'1,,/¿Z¿tttürct¿IvTT 1 : When you start telling a story, it

[t¿ 1" is customary to preface your sto-

drfó: ^.i. ¿^ À,t¡ ¿ å {"-l-à." ry by saying cØfã-G6ù. 'tÃ,/
tiùt o) ffiÉi.) ¡' ¿ rsð c /¡Å,'cî ll å'
^-ql v I t:Tt o{. *rË'ð ¿,ù: or a similar expression. When
F-W0>FìÉøãt:Ë¿l ;you had abad experience, use
Øfdlô ¿'t- El ù: ù> -:lc À,ît (ll
#Ë/ì'¿ d'¿t" E), ftEJrÆÌ¡El ù: ó r. * Ll¡,

dr{ : Zt\T'?2 or the like. In Japanese, having a
terrible experience is conceived
7-+ìv: *óËð .t, ù: [*a+ifti. ^.fJ È l¿t- À,{"-1ùl as "meeting a terrible eye."

ÐJ :(Ezt¿à3- *óËð A"ùt l4i" tJ+, 2 : When you are listening to a story
it is good to give aizuchi, words
HÅEô.À,tÃ,îfrrÈ * t- ¡. i )-t'C.ã i A,f-f i."
that the listener gives to indicate
rJrff : à-? ¿ Òvt) r.ltõ l, *. Ò 2.
that he/she is listening and to

encowage the story teller to go
on with a story. Common aizuchi

includes 4lLt?, ? iîTtr,,
¿å r,., ¿ å, /¡ 6 li Ð, etc.

3 : In nanating a story, try to use

sentence connectives (4 l.î, 4
t,lLù, Ê¡, e Ìt erc.) and adverbial

clauses which indicate the se-

quential nature of occurrence of

two events (-l¿ ù, - å, etc.).

1 ," EI-IVJV'(

e â# t (p.237) Ë r, t/,1 t-t¡ ð r..o -i 7 tt:/¡. b. -^¿là -+l'y- üi-

þÆfr, (to recreate)

{Ì¡ b t¡ð r.. É#ùtâ ( IEI Df /J ( Iò t.à1. /a'r. /¿ r. Øff¿ÌlEl D ù: T 6

¡^¿¿¿ìf.t4â.¿ffi:àì#$ir 6,'r¿ iúHJ (roles) þFWt--t - ü t-Ëâffi?L/Jðt."

251

13 #>>>>'

f ,,,iliOtv-J7-,

e E6^'ltolc ¿ å 0)ù)âLùt, 1<t=u.l¿ à - 4Ø)x.(f¿È)3F,ù'¿- V-c. ijl,Z"rr-l
þlF b. ElAt' ¿^ A,r¡EAffiøFåËt'- þ l-l¿ å.. -Ef, È ä È L.o Ëf,ü. T¿#þ l{f ,, 7

Ø),,fcYt:##.L/Jð !."

3 *' dV'1-2

e itXrrfuHg€# (Bä(.'{F 6þ.t¿+¡ffiør i /rÈ#) ùÌ. AEØt€ffir'ùrlEI ¿ Ë t r' t- tt,"

"<7 1â z - ffiJo) J. i t¡àffiþffiH L /J ð r,."

a) r-7aY

b) Ìi'v , v zß v f"

c) :r?-Yr)vYvl

d) f-rr-3-^

tfit 1l lzrs- þ J
Yä e : 17 x- jl. c {'€ffi'c'Éà ¿x"{4t" l- !. i ù'"

.Æ^g : apartment 0) a L D + /¡ ì,.{' L J I à.o

++.A: bb_ 4 i-tîìt,"
lhtl2l I ,t -17 v l' l

YÆ. e : I t - I z v ¡^l : {9€ffir'Ëà ¿i'{FJf" I, i. I ù""
Yäe : ðô. tlt¡b *.ÈÀ,trZ"

Y*^l: D+ó. ft+.EËf,t,.f &.*.1,¡)"

{,,,dVv-t

e,{7 ù- tÃ->f , âJ}ø L l¿,fEIà.*áå. L r¡ffiffit:o r,.fffi L.âr. lJ ð !'" {E* (partner)
(. iØffiþ H, À: -C. i6 t. få-c, 7 Ø )',f¿ tt l:ft6¿L /J ð r,. "

5 *' 4tTþ-J|-,

e 4¡ìy-7"t:rltìtLî. Ela#ø Ð: Èì-æffiLr,.à.?ffiL.âr./J ð t.o ffiLu.,fi?É

ì,.-c *; t,l. - 4þ.î, 7 7 Ø )yf¿L t:#*.L ä ð t,.o

252

t rtt Eä#ftffi I

S "' fF*,

Ê Êâ¿: ¿ o-CEÆF*o) ¿'a àì-ËffiL (. ¿: àr-æffifrt.¿.þZì-. 4{tt-?r.{
IEAffi¿ fÅl ¿ r. iEf.:É+f òt-IxFx.þÉÈ /Jè t,'.

Ê lfiflj€#J ¿ r. i ¡Ø¿r.fFl-c. t_ i zJ'" co ø#,aÅ?Ëf,r.{. r,."

^.øHYãt:_ÆålJð

e€ã,fiÈ,åÈt#('R electrical appliance

a) f[rut€ffi L u- i o) ¿Ì{trJ(.'îà."

b) 17y-r-J ¿r.iØlÌ. åiu.iËffi'c.ïÈ."
c) EA#ø I I v-f -) t t€ffiØ trainer iÌ. Ð I Ëu'* TÈ'"
d) 17y-+T4 1l ¿i. Ëffir",fEl¿Éirl,Jiù."

e) Electric outlet o) a L þ- EAffiî{4¿ÉL' *i-à..
f) fE#r€ffi¿å. 7 ./ y rt )',t:ùttìù'b tf t.f.Tà." i¿^ L -c{" 1å."

t ¡-l #>>>>>

tH# vfrJ

w

) = - vîð ¿¿*. FHt¿bâ7 / y )t øãïtt:WÐ'c.t- â" EAffi¿Bil

/J r."cElÄ^*/;ør". RÉ¿:Ër,.rT C EÆ#þffiifr-r a ¿ ¿ ù: LÈ. Y&

nTr ( [HÌt/¡!.Øf.. lffi/\#.ffi.þrÊ.ry a: t ¿: L. H^^ØlÉffi¿: HAffiøft

+-þtr4 L( ð 6-cl¿" 7c Øjl,tllå u. i ftE.t*- 7./ t) rt Lþ#.ì-/;; å ùå/¡

l..Èì- BAF"+&{"ãS f å u.+El^fHffir 17 Ø)yr¿Ë ù: ElAffiþW.ì;-Î

u.å àËf,l,./¿" lE]ffir)ìË#'cjl,tlJra+¿fft'c <{L'c- ffixtÌE - zk.#.ø

W:, = -v Aã À,Øæ'a-ffiFËî:. 7c l-'C+*Xt¡-l¿t-EIãfH ¿ ltr* c È.
-EIH o)ffi#tt ¿ { òHÊà.: l;. ftrllftäùÌffi.ì-frrltL+1- ) = -v A
Ë.t ¿ifg#øwh b *r¿:. lE^#ùÌHÊr,.'cTl ¡¡ Ð å u. )ffi.H/¡x¿¡Ëà
t )â ùJrÃ..t
l/¿¿.iffòi#låÈrËf&ub./¡:n-¡;t.,ftyE' .=ù-:ÌÆyfT.ð¿À. "f¡tät.¿FttLfrù¡,,cÈ,*¿fr fLfirr..ãt¿+ÌHjl
lLþfrUr,

t¡ffiþ L l;. lElffià. 6fg#Ëlùåã+Fl r¿ Ëf,r. r. /¿ Ø{"- ¿" 7 L {itå¿ìffir.

"-I¿ Øtt.- 9 = 1ðv lvlt/ùtr. e, t¡, ù, = I¿ L È. L- ä'fío- t t-cT,/JÐ'c.11ù,

->I¿o EA{"ùåft4ü:fq#f+þ+Li ffil: ¿*,. *a#þ 4 0)I¿ÐØ¡Jrð /¡#fffiù:Ã

d'r{iqð /Jùld'r¿Ì'r-ùlär.Øl¿. LFlffiùt#.¡--c ( {tI¿0)îbâ. , =-y A
: {ã À"ùr/(ØffiËÑØ El * {" i: 51ffi &Eã
*' r. /¿ Ø Ìå- 6 t, ô À,Ø a L'c' b 6 "

t: u.tÈ¡.iup individual instruction: ÌÌttØ+îftk#ì-â. ¿l

IEL#.+9 private lesson t:*^ envelope

(jE U U I t, ú) l- O. FdlË t t õ ü ú) lE x Ë 2 It fd Ë U l.
e. :A ;RØYE#,tu

n a ) y'' = - v1ð i\,|t, 7 r, h'er)'t-EÄ#þffi,$frl-I¿"
n b) )= - v Àð A,ØàTI¿:¿*. EA^òÐÐ{!.6o
nü c ) ítwftÆ.øYiñ¿:¿*. 7 J y rt LØÈlftrJìes¡. t, l¡,"

d ) fgx¿*æ)Eü-øfb â.

n e) y'=-v1ðÀlÌ¿rã+FlUù.+Lr;'tÃù,->tØî- jllJJft+.ltô': ( b L
Í1,*.-cl¿"

254

âùoÊ'E,äÌËdã ,:
tì lJtu 0)
V

VV ,iÌ..'

V .., ,.:#,'.
-., ",, .::tïr.',
v\"v¿rr:*.,
' . 1;lr;'1:'.¡::' :'l:l¡':: '
' . .',,,-¡-:lål'..:'i,¡t,,:id:1¡;!j

t.

r Flt JtËl ä ttrSì 5:,',Ë,.ll.t.li:t:ä,
Ef f fcsrïffñ=itaþ#<fUd¿¿l7v<utãþ-ti_914_t_l&E-Ë_Þ_):__.'...'...>â#1

.T lu7,ltTluåfil¡,',¡'l,,,".-,:;::.,
E ärt E äfi rr pn rÍÙrùìÉGU*ffi u a "

+,!\t t)?äo,.o.rì'.õ,d"iËê=d.Èf$;,¿e_. >Êffi3

ô & < L < t r < Se fc, +A¡*t*Ël:t# ,"" " "'..'.. ... ... "
::'
--:.-::r;-:;-:;:..::ã:::tilt+--.-

'':.,.:,."Ë.::::::l:::::ii.ia,f.i,i',..'tl.:l:i,a,::',,,:.:,::::'i;ijr:.:i;j4r:.l,i:Sa .|.
. lÉg^cz rã^Ërd¿uì 0)t-tt.Èffiã
¿rtùËLl
HtrEËttlfuoãl* ç e 6 qtvo

,,ì:r.::i:,,,.:..11;r,.,,.r;ii¡:.Ì

_,'n

::ì,j'L.ì:-il:'i1il\Ì-

I I i-,'

rìl ,r.,,ì-.,*,
,1,.,,i,i^_-: "Ir I I ir.t r iì-rf t l

LT URE No
o

c

o

c

o

Man's World

Ithough Japan is changing from a man's society to one that is kinder to women, the

transformation is quite slow. Women are enteríng all phases of Japanese life, but still

many positions are closed to them. Female office workers, because they are not given
important jobs, have more free time than their male counterparts. They save money and

often spend it on traveling. Housewives have to spend much less time on household chores
than before thanks to modern conveniences. As Susan's host mother explains in âEÉ 1, they
have more freedom to engage in other activities. Men, on the other hand, especially if they

are corporate workers, have to spend too much time working in the office. They come

home late and exhausted and thus have very little time or energy left for their families. As
a result, mother-child relatíonships tend to become excessively dependent while husband-
wife relationships suffer.

3ñëlþ ¿a

JQ ince Japan's mythological times, the lmperial Household has held in its possession the
so-called "Three Jingi," i.e., the Three Sacred Treasures: a mirror, a sword, and a

crescent-shaped jewel. A set of three to make up a meaningful whole has always fascinated
the Japanese. ln the 1960's, the new "three treasures" were a refrigeratoç a TV and a

washing machine. ln the 70's, "3C" (notice its singular form because of the lack of plurals in

Japanese grammar) represented a cal a color TV, and a cooler (r.e., air-conditioner). "äH"

íntroduced in âËÉ 2 is a term coined in the 80's and refers to three qualities young women

wanted to see in choosing husbands.

a
a
a
o
o

>>>>> E60)Êl!Ë

e 7-+Jy, ffi ëÊFÊÊdr*Di5. fiZ 1..7 z ì U-ú)ôElêtu¿ff UcUìã"

7'-+rv âB ð táîð À,yÈ.t:'lñ-r -¡ !. t' -t l- + à /J u.Å,".',-da.

$á&Ë r{, 7c1t.o L.?l>4i{"Lt"

7-qìv Lì-- 4 i-AtII t^, t^ ) U{*rËð À"YÃ,t¡A.,:cTù."

jdEð /t, YF=c-c ?

7-qfv ¿ i L'(.yãJþÊb /¡ u.îfÌ,lE Lr :L. å L + â lvîî ù'"
:ft{Ë L l. â rÃ, A.,'c. H'cÈ å /J u. ùl Ð"
*á&å Å, L=? t"i L{f'1å..

7-+lv

jó&Ë À, trlå t,,þ¿,-ù:_l_È_*á1ð .å,-Ø_äÌÉrr F¿ îLt-Iifrl'ØälÉàró â À,1ìù'È, "
1
7-+lv . T.(" ò ¿r. ¿"T È" 6 ¿ ,8 t,. * E#ØæI+.ü*- ftSàìW*> -tA l>X-'lñ È, r¡

t-î, ô.À,rà Lffi.^ù:fi < A,tl- ¡ i ? E#Øf-Wl¿Lù¡ô,À,/¡*a å /¡ L

( -C. fi¿ùffiþãþl¡¡.¿.6, HI.ÉÌ¿ËÈsffiSr¡ a Lþt--C â.4,Ds/¡r.

À,11þ."

$á&È Â, ã>t¡T¿t!7 ./ y ù /\Iìù'6, 4 À,/¡: ¿ É i üt ¿. H^D s. lE.lHç*ôäð
A,Lffi.rlt:',{-r ( Ø ö tt#øi Lr¡0: !" 4ltt:B^D+. *_Ù-{t/+ l-!;-älÉ
z-¡fv þ#UÀftâØJ" fÁÈ:{. ÃFåùåËrg L I =zþ Uf¿ b - rt )vî r -þ

*¿,&ð /t vn -tfu,1frUf¿ b U'C- trI -c J- )#UÀ,1â¿.6. ffiLl../J À.,-CF"cI¿¿

å /J!. L.

7 /, rtDp. #LtîØ¿tr.rö *rñ-ffifTtl åde"
â:fÅ¿Ì. *á1ð .Tås B WE ù=XMeå {ú È
{ ( trLl"rtt'. Z fr,-C.-u. t. å ,B: 'C. â tù Ð "

7 t t) lr tti7 , t) ùÃ,t:, EIAùå BA=l¿:

ffuùfr,. u.r4, D t /J !.å. L 6.

z-cfv 4 )fTtt'" îLì,:åtìù. b *ìùÂ,ùt Ð"

*114*,,,,.

r Ê Ëffi|@¿rb\ã+lØfrË.Øfr+D Z¿;Ëä Ucuìõ"

Et+ ra-ffi¡'t. IIJAð ¡'øtafrY-Ett È> È>cl¿?

Éffi [.Ì,.ào

Er+ î r ( *a!. L Z i r¡lfltffiåDF¿sÃ: 1 "â 0) :ÈÂåsff oI¿ À,1ì o-C. "
rffiffi -- i -. :'È^¿l ?
i Â," úAð ¿ø ¿'È,,\üÌ)þ[ffi¿;¡#/¡À,1ìo-c" i trø ù*fú ò L /J ì..È. à.
E+

i Èt** LL'o

Éffi !. L.("Tdâ å.

Er+ iiÂ, å ù:. . ØFå E Lù.î-ffiÀ,ÈÂ,/a'ùt Ð. ËrE¿t,. l+4Et{Ì¡f;',ftìt:k',W.

ù:ò{âÀ,1ìo'C."

Éffi --i-. 4 ) Ì¡À,1Tù."

Ertr -ËÈi¿*- A{ËØæîåØffiÍtrfH+¿Ì I 3 Hl ="c.Êb{vt È.1Èùl Èda"
Éffi I 3 Hl ->t - HF.. qX^. YÆ¿sHr,. fr'YEø ¿ ¿ (.î1 dâ.

El tr 4 )" 1{¡. â¿*. ,lätã:år} <r. ÍL+þt$¿: u'c. x+þTâÐwrJtg.

t5 * trtt â ô.1¿t-"

Hffi 4 i1î Ìh. + otrf,bXreþf\tllù:îâÂD+/rt.'å E b *'l- jdâ.
Hffi¡ À,6 4 i t'- i Lk+ ( F,->ülä ð r. Ì"
Er+

Hffi å À. {.'ò. : frtùå-'à. ¿) üÌffi("Tå. à """o

Flf;ÉgF^00)ô#ä

(5ÊFH:(ffi)E.WYIYTi--=L)

...., EäøÊË I

e 7-+J 7/lì, O L ø*FHH+ëFÉt,curã.

7-+):v #Bt¡.n. âTú-C" t^À,/¡: å 3f :{r. âÀ,'aîù."

# E: 4 )'eT tr. È¿: I -' x)J L ù.É=Æþ (F â ft$-eî tr"

7-ìv BAD+. OL årráä < r)þåÈ à {Lâ -t{Ef,r.t ül Ð_ ag("T¿'.

Æ fr: âl*¿: !.â LEi ùl ¿. f/,ØâTÌr"¿*Èu./;r.ffiLu- OLàìIFÉù:f '?r

*T"

z-clv i¿ t { {"TÈ." EW]i4'l+.t:t6#þ x{L'C btl 6 ¿ | r¡ fuþl¡ r.-.(_g!_;_.
Élâ¿:¿r^d,r{ö 6i t¡A,'cÆîî!."
# Er: 3

z-cfv 4 {Ltt Z ) I¿tl ¿^ "

# Er : #Eð À,Øã+ft:_¿i4,[4ØffiFð ¿,r,. * Tå..

r.L.à_ kø)r.t¿È ù*tr,.{u.ffi4Fî â Lf.u] â2! q:i_ËÉl.ì. âTf¿s¿*

¿ ¿, ¿'-ftqffi Ø /.-l-ù"Eb /J u. Å,{"T } "

z-iìv -ffiffi: ( ?
-= Y" ¿ b ¿ ¿.. 1-, xlJ L tr". HffiØl|g"
# Er:
Eø)vf¿ Ë ù* ?
z-+ìv
Hø )yt¿ Ë ¿å. -mN+þ fra â Lùt& < 'c _ +,lJп. à ffr\âffir"Tdâ.
# Er : ¡(t.')o)l,t?

z-clv

# ffr: âÉå ¿.. 41t- iÉ4r¡ft$t"T"

z-clv D +. 4{4¿rt$z¡ftãkf¡lt:6 å ì}.( ù à à /J r..à{"-f å."
# E:
( {.{. Ø c ô¿*. ffr\.âffi ØkI+ò È¿,/¿'1,,jË å È l,. -fiqmå. 6 ffo\âffi ¿:
&a: ¿ Ùl" È 6 À iEr¡=(å{r.*1. 4{tt:_ *áa( aòÈÂ,/a'¿,ç
Ð t i: { !. iË¡tia>o'c. _ rtt¡o)âltt'{¡ ìEr,' i trt:t'ÆØffiffi,þ x{Lâ a

È ù: /¡ â t,l- !.f"10 L'i)'È. EäØâ+l i:Þu-roÆbc-c. È ( r,. â lUÌ¿

îè, .8,u. * üt å""

z-c)Èv: 4{L'e- #Hð A,EHì|. È ålt#þffitTâÀ,'CTìt."
# fff : ffl*. f/,Ìlâ$øf(t:ffiÍÉT6aLt¿rÌ.->{r.6È.å. Ði L !.)ttlt¡oî_

â'lM.f,f" â L a ô /¡ À,îT ! "

*114u,,,,, 20 i
I
260 ærËlnH+àØk7lì'ÊgJØ-ï?tF¡íf#:oc'f,UìW-iåuþ:Xk'Fàtâ",:\ &ãHìT/¿)5¿k"3'LkÈÌ/[LTLÞ'4¡;4+1aìJ:æÊ+Éç)c!XXf+F^i¿tt.É:ã:
ëæ'É¿trcl\E:r#tysYrt4È^-vf'ïol.ft/*iIöoTHf^fÈiÈ'¿0ùrb'i)à':-#rþru¡
ÉA ^

F o)

ffi 7
H v

"mwE â Ø2 wt¡.

€ {KæIt¿-'45u(Ë- + âþ{HØËJMåfrJ l.

{"
Ì*

Ëx

EÈiÊ-¿ù#ùTt-,2ØìðEDT'I I 5 A¿Ë* -ùt-EtÈ^JLT
E+#!T#g+ÈütLâÉñJË"EÈSÈEr8*iÊoEøf21!1#EæESå,")Èt)9EE<Ø?2-.ÆS5þ'J,ð¡út62*Et(*?<tlC¿Ëfr:â'-'fIË#'JØiJc.'ÌËÌCFÈcæt3tØù%¿ÈbJÉlÈËÍ4'-,ÈEU;#t,fIæ*rTbWã*fòi.äÈäisF-ì+ÊiØþeE-^S.ùËë7'ÈË>¡O¿Dt.1lË'ñnt!E.{,)#r1&.,ùl_,¡'ì4Ë+ñtffË2Ø<1þft,Ë44\5âô#t'€tu#e,ã1l¿¿ËîrJ\\ÈCm_€\' 3?*J"fËE,='f33lþâtrl¿tfn*Ð9'2t2tix,L&Ë#)ü\Æsoî95ãJJfr))

'>>>> Eä0)ÊtË

o) ffiffi. 0 60 2 Ë)Ë {y),ÈXå 'Z*zöH Et
äF'Fi &W'/:.;# ÊW
i: E
EU..þung + "'
É S 11 ?:,.:ij,::i.:::t|Q

n?;s&P(f#æhr{.rlÉ ä¡i1:.::rr,,"r¡r. t
å'ti' ;r,ruf1þfTlfui4JT"12f,*xfitf'ÉË5tÊ!i,'i#ïfr,#331f#[!)LtÐr\5r9r'qÞ2c&!É-tzcr5sk+"fÞsï#{;F¿Ø7tØä#lfirhFîe+ä¿1#ï,6^r*5iy1Hâ,Ëo'uÈ^fÈiEIrhr&fii"rf.¿âl*y6Hi1ÈË1å-,Hþ,:ù+ä%2sLfstfffeä¡FrbÊå.i'rtiÈåHÐri"fËoJäfòii/oo,rgãE)'iËlf)E,Ff#Æ#i
v

,,úil¡l'tir,:'".VY

vV

;.riil¡ii:¡..:1

atliii¡..;.l.-..::::'

,,t:iffi;,,i;;::í;;ii';¡:;:, ;
i¡iill';,,';'Effi

illiii,,.,i(.

'..il(.

¡iiili;'

'

¡iÌirrr..iiË

2i:j;j!,1i'1',,;2

,ii¡¡l'",,';,":',';,7

ic)

tii¡iliii:i.ì.i,t.r1'.,i9,9Ffi

ifiiii: i'*

:til¡ïì,'.,,:3g

iiiîli:Ifttr
- {r:Ë
.,fSsfi,,Úú
tËEtÉ64%õ.8ÈñØrI-ËV?ÆJËtËØ*IEÍâ.iØmL6 È/¿ò- Ér.lËr'S.¿)ÈJt,n)àc-:¡(ãfÈ,D. rtCr.f%sroæo'n\_. ,:-c,¡.
c
¿{,ËÈH
xw illtÃ[
'. ,. l':ì l
ffi ffi iiiiliir,f,,:ilr:..l:t:',':,ìt,.''
4t, eF5ä HVå Ë #;åæi¿?'l^
¿ ìiiiiil::,:',i:l'i,..,'
Ê
0) ùt
=¿'ÈF"*#EE%. 4æ1ã05ÈÈÌr¿rÈ:'^fÉf:iltE'¡E-olü9)'=9Ê-o-;È.),Í^nÈY..^4 1iíii;rtr,'
ffi 11
fr Þü å0 i6B03*lv{Eâ"¡d¿¿ËCfrËfi-EEñHltrrEàtÊäE;EÊif ,.^
# fi KLÊffi ¡^ffif2fiãtta' æã^ò#ìtgEfivZgEËòD#t0tr
@
lJ
::iil;i,i¡i;:2,
:,::

't:tt29t''

*114*,,,,,

k å,rE'k=9útiliÉ.:ò.+b{¿rÀ*t"ùvÌ,Ør7f)tì¿TYv)tbviY¡É.:f1fzr{È¿lt¿L(y)u")ì'1ì.m1r¿,04ÀþiÈÈDÌ-).,^,âfE)Tv |Ðb: A fËhIrtIòfE¡,rHiÉËInÌþfØ/f*+i¿t-lkØuÉiË1+få¿fâØff-ItiiFcåÐ4É1klÍìÈf"tc)'- f'lc.-À. 4/"¡

o) â+Inr /^

l+ ^bòùe¿i)
,À,
flì-5î(-' !rT{.rÐ/¿f:
*l ò^Èr T*oÈ¿Li.
/¡ o 6fiTlr)-'Èfðt{rt!^."4r.ù-rb-"efg*1É)'âc[.rTr*t¡t Ø
"+ "C¡
L\ þ
+ -
{"
EÈ'
H1tPÃ+f=lki.É"au)tI[Ø<sr À" ^É Ë Ëk-¿/þÈå:dÈìA-¿F\rff,ðytf!:^rÀ.irblfl1þ)â:kBr^ob&) X
È -+F
(" /¿" fir:ñ EI

ttìË=n(*"c Ërù¡åËkØß 1¿"* ù: /¡ a)
/(¡ Ð
âH#,Ê8. b I'
ë;t! È14ìØþt {L
* â'câba)
0)^Øì¡¿* 7r,
)
\
0)

år

^

262

""'EäoffËl

ÈX#,r{-TA*ã(ù'"Lo"bË,HiÈ*ft*ìlåobþØùпþâ*)*fÈË"rrf'ti{r:.1tiiirËFf)òiå6iH'lL"¡iuæ+EÆHô.(Èþr6'¿Ubò¿Hr"u,*{ì0.fff"f"Jf+fTlI1/üÐLfåt:)åUt¿-t¿"i¡c¿br:br+ÈfHaâþÈfAfËË+*'¿ÀØ¿/ùìtUikÈf¿'{')--çigt:.åtì.ßr.+rXÈTfù*j*'t)ttbC*ñfo-t¿:.ìIØ¡ut*¿å+t+îËfØlØþüþtâLòDL¿tdËLtfØ:Xl:orUi!¿t4ØfrâÈ@)-{¿ØLùfåþ&âÀÈ)Ø*-.þ+i.'ìÈ:.C.J-#'^fÌËð1-bÊ¡r2ÈØtlâ*òU)Ð-t.ló.cÈ(.Ø'ìcËr.lFAÈ{Øùü¿7Btt+Fñ-L--i"-Ìrf,c/f¿ÆHk""iLØrù*DiU*"bccr\:B.1f^Ë!eð*¿ü*lðbÈ1tr-oJA:")'ö,)B'tfËrØ{l/ÐüEiÌ6iþ:f:¡Lo'D:kH.üì^++lùÌþÌðÀâöi)E:i¡¿: r,T^ÌlLf*.BtÈrot\Lr o)

H+

¿is
¿i

òi

j¿-i

(
/J

2

(

4
l-

j-c

(

L

"C.

+âf'f4ÈìÉk4-fØ-1bf¿¿ùþtiâ¿cÌfrfT'Ec6:iiì"Àå7"',*0lEîÈ,t¿lci..âi)'iiiâlr+Èâ#)^f{(À{f/tüai¿rk¿(bL::¿Uuf;1J"tiiù.:îi{Ø8i'i:Tâ7.fØ({ùbó7kYòHð|crt'I^f""T"*Ëf^fr,'i0f¡*rtkËB4æftàØØù!k!*6)åryf--+:ì.i¿'ÌLfTìhþ*ñì-Ø'â+tcFÈ(-^ØràIÙiL¿åt7ÈiLþ":''fì#icCc.ìåÌ'ìf-*rùfi.f*nLü^t{FrL/!ât4åUt."r'¡Tr¡ì(7É\u.xÍ"ÆË=n)fÊ{{Iù!*ðòðb=\-üL":',É):H^b*ð"È¿Ë^EÆr{aØI¿ôþ/râu(In¡Lr'tÈ.ìì:r'H.-cAfkTËXË0+¿ØþaùB(f.li:)':ff"*fÍcfÉ.-ÉTØ{ÀâbiLftf""*"i,ËÉf'XcfËË1"Øþþâö¿å¿iic.t.H"j [ÉËkd/r/o/ùùulbÐ((¡¡¡".¡âÈS)1Èf'ÆÆ{fÈ(1ø/olL2åt¿fL¡"tr)\ìi.i,
30 25 20

*114*,.,,,

r.tltrl opinion Efñ da5rtime
unperturbed; caTm
ËF, )t'ra * -+-v, - akind of adult

o ^*[f,rs(¡¡) school [it., culture

ro ¿1.'¿'l¡- unfair; cruel centerl
lonely
tt *¡'L /¡ l,-t. quiet; submissive f¡tfrL¡ u- '
a
n ù,rc I ¿ â to have one's own ,f-
L þ-l
ffifit¡ *fñ husband and wife

way; to do what one f2út Èòâ' t

pleases to keep (someone)

rs -o1i'6 within the domain of - tr ,, company
LÉ American st5r1e
#..* wife 22 7./ y
ùfr,
N ä b l: in N's own way
[>>>g;tz- t'z]

1ft#+t¿¡ll' one's senior (in job, L'¡u¡, ¡ i height
school, etc.) income
l: F¡¿' HF, level of education
lfamily name] housework
H+ ry^Lq)l:ry2 to desire; to wish
fate;karma
DK lfamale given namel ¿{< n*

, +t*t¿ lfamily name] +Æ

tllÆ lunchbox x#¡Ju
thick omelet (in
t6tnfÀr, LYi Japanese style) 14

lrrc + È.* ¿' go¡të{.{'
¡,
4 F'Æ*tF
ffi

7 ) trel 'S* Lu' to be envious
t0 6-1ì6
to be popular (with)

r ,t tQi ideal
TH*E

¿JotLË¿tËit 3 high's

rrtrr Eätf,fcl

#H(,tt t lfamily nâme] *ffimr'1, tflL¡ ( clerical position
lfamale given namel making copies; xeroxing
Ë/tg/¡l7J: input 12 rcgr7ar position
document planning
x)Jr:qri, j ( ,o ='d- L b rrracf,tine
serving tea zti¿7iv¡< self
ãu¡%ffui' taking turns to continue
,6 #ââ m to agonize
l+ although; in spite of
4 *6# < 7) * 5'<
[>>>*;â./- F3]
t: e'tutltu 7s âÉ

5 JIEÍ #¿: ¡ 51.

-7 ( ''rl-¿: 22 ffiffi,
t v¡,

25 HH

cZ

ffiri 6

r¡tçl

2Z 'IùíT.r

ffi(o r*t;¡ E to work ¡irtD ò ratio; percentage

*t increase Htâ to indicate

rË¡[ marriedperson t:ffi{Ë uB' - rate

I È tt¿ u+ Lf r. ã^l ñ3- to rise; to increase
:7Inl'ffi,â
WMã -Fbc unmarriedperson [:6
to do two things tÍF L r,. r¡ u.,,\l
I I Þ^Ìficrytit-t, €¡,r{t1,+ concurrently u_jLt'iELItfj i
Df!f)Diü' a?¡,v+ to suppori
problem
RM# conversely
labor; work force
#¿f'tf',i' -a- canbe observed
comparcdwith the in contrast; as opposed
previous year ? 9.À:â to

, zl¡È¡¡¡< continuously s+1 l: to decline lu.l.l

frtw)J Ministry of Health, rÜ :?HþÉr-r+ffir)rH ( /r
Labor andWelfare
{¡,d¡" t¡ to put together (in a s )'ù.lJs Z â ðuC
report); to summarize tt.l'
ffi+w child-rearing
current situation ro ,!Ù:fÜ L
(status) :35ffiå.È39ffi*('-Ø^
3Ët{¡,f2f<i 11 [ttÊ' ¿T' l â
t¿r'i*+.t,xô)ff!)iv'È¡i wltite paper +l¿-+D
2 t{¡,2¡, ¡,
to st¿rt a business
WÊûh

*¿r Ðå ßÊrl( nu

*tfc{VË¡ I 35-39fÈfì1i,E¿ )

Égr¡t( L¡ 75 Ë¡ 9xr;T6

*114n,,,,.

Ëft+.ti l. generation zt -lJ ¿ Þ: l/a to manage to -
o[.¿<
16 r - + lùr 2
-\t'bl*n) ffiffi continuation
t,Ët" tt)
actually r¡[.cr ¡ to close one's business
ut" ¿,.
looking after one's aged Æ#
t7 *ffi¿: parent(s); care
r'tB Èr, È ¡., a 1itt1e over 10 percent
¿l¡ ¡ flexible
r#Jdfi
18 ltæ
-f -to give las a reason, as
v sri t¡ lu
+tf â an example, etc.]
*W.Q¡)

¡.tE¿uËeti.< triple afflictions -ffiØ *l.lt -¡l ìilùt¿ some womerl
[family name] husband and wife both
¿ã '. [ma1e given name] 12
fl¿\Bl society; world ¿tù
13 à å
{t' ¿o JtÌÌ'/¡

ìËffi working [:*fÉ'/)rÐÈ å

¡ r rr¿å' {¡{Øl.rr.6: ¿l

ËØ+ a['rr ¡ one's partner

14 fEÆ

-¿ å üù: together with - ØË#6_tÐF ,l

4axÈtå'¡ i [>>>*;t,z- ¡s] 15 ÐØ*,b b carein one's home
industry; business
life

(-þ"'l:) *'¿.l}'a to enhust (some-

*5 Ðb" L,'u- spectacular; amazing thing) to (someone)
[>>>*;tz- t'o]
o -ù:i¿.!- L-C toward # #iÙtru? ¡
^*h.,Hv¡,T â holding two jobs at the
[:to change oneself P¡ 76
a- same time l:*tØtt#
5ìþA.Lâ) te #<t6L I ?lEffi¿:f 6. Ll
T6D 6
to adapt t) suffering

s Tô,Lâ to end; to finish [u.r.] -daùl/¡ 6 /JU. have to [:-ä ülÈril
to give a birth
Ëüa-F to raise [u.r.] /¡ 6 /¡ u.l

Ê¿1gt'a husband ¡otù t: burden

, ¿9JE¿o'. L 19 Éffi

20 (- å ) ÌÃ'Ë' A,1 side by side (with -)
f :- ¿ -ffit:1
å'þ u $a to rnanage all by oneself 2t ÍLftl¿fõia

g#È4ñr¿'¿g¡; ud J. wife who devotes holding a lower position
É\, ì-ròt)_ hardship; suffering
,o

herself to housework

exclusively [:Èffi/¿'ll (-ù:)mÈft' å 6 to endure (-)

Lf r. å^l t'¡'iv¡'t?

u (-¡-¡ìË{*Ir-ü¡T 6 to adapt (to -) zz ËÄÉll: superhumanly

22 ll'rl'T 6 to cover up; to make up sa f ,1-v?Z DINKs ldouble income
no kidsl
for I
furthermore
(-t:) *ilz¡u. cornparable (to -); 3e Ëàù:
equal (to -) llit., not to family register
lose to -l - Ç'¡
Æölî âQttutl t- to reject
to respect Fffi
to have one's name
)J'qfttD¡( effort o ?r. entered into the family

(-ù:) ¡ã+¡ a -)to agree (with Ãft.T 6 register l:ffillâL-C.- F
Æt-462VùLâ. Ll
Hffi't t:q5r¡È
living together in a de
Ë^JìbÈ ¿'i Etu being like a superman 7tÆï â
facto relationship [:ffilF
2e Èti r¡,' Lär.r'-ffi¿-.fÈtr: ¿l

[:Ë,,\É'!r¡{ffi È ] 40 lEll*

¡o -/¿ CJìl: every time - -m a groltp of people doing
the same thing
¿5'q' [>>>*tÊl- F7] È tt¿ tobreak:up
strength
)J MfrÍ-T â to be to one's
disadvantage
Èi¿ ¿. ) to fr,gltt H?-L þîâ
:z (-¿;¡6tr'tbÈr 6 to adapt (to -) way of life; life style
äÈËu' t àlÈ individual
rlltáf i to carry (something) on
,f¿Ety ^/, freedom
t¿ti one's back
unfair v -g-i
^r'
õ^+¡ ÉÉ

33 â'e) ¿1,/¿ not acceptable [-- t.ç/¿']

34 ¿t-f'T to remove; to get rid of å.SÈ. ( t,. ) to say this and that;
to throw (something)
36 -fv â * tt* to meddle in (other's
away; to discard
, ù>'øt'a 48 ffi:t+t â affairs)
to combine
sa ¡,'¡t$6 to expect; to count on
so-called

*114u,,,,.

þ

t.* z.Efå ¡.*fñ +.4f8 s.HE
to.)*h
O.IFÃ z.YÆ. s.'Effi s.*4
rz.llF#
rr.#ffi tz.ffi ( ts.Ei M.-tfiÌ rs.âE

to.ffilT â 22.HrJ'+ffi ra.IËr[ tg.ffiM# zo. Éü
zz.Iñ,â
zt.frWh zs.Lfl z+.*MÊ zs.fET
zo.ÊF, sz.Éls
za.Ë ò zs.#W,t: so. =!ãË
er. itØ F ztJt
to.#h 33. /¿c Ëäs+.++lÌ'/¿ à È ss.
+t.Æ,* E +2.âfr se.õr\F
eq.ãË Ë¿0.
+2.ffi!É

r.ffiS 2.ffi L t,. z.5E# q.fr4 s.trffiÈÐF

o. H{r 2.ffi s.ñ'ââffi s.ffiffi, ro.'lü{r

IL.-llt{, rz. ÉFË r¡.Bffi M.EEfrlffi'È rs. Êë

ro.HJâ tz.frT rs.4 tg.Y.L â zo.ìÉ¿:

zt.EfrÊl\ zz.-E zs.Ë# zq.ll#. zs.*W

zø.Mffi, zz.ffi# za.äIf â zq.ìËtrfi so.fHffi

3r.ffi* gz.Éffi ss.Tffió. M.ñt L â ss.ËíÄ

eo.Hffi sz.Êñ, ss.F-ffi sq.lElËffi +0.Wfrft.

r This radical comes from the image of a house with a hanging roof and
was originally used for characters representing kinds, conditions, etc., of

roofs and buildings.

tËl tEl fHt rd¿

268

>>>>> Eäú)g1!Ë

¡

I t>> NEftNø ^.ltfútâ='N has its own -' lÈ#t >¿.g>>>ötËtut¿t*atr¡'øg¡Er:raaul

a) #I=I*#,OEiÊrrr ô â.

(Parents have their own lives [to live].)

. ;tb) f. {^ü f: fÍ:F l* O# ì-trr b 6 À,1ì ù, à * fH r,. S å ¿ ¿ì¿,Ftì"

(Children have their own ways of thinking, so we should first listen to them.)

2"u Nrf*Nr/¡Ul;V='lu., does things in its own way'
NrlÍNt/¿úJONz='lur has its owlr N2' lâffr >¿ rs>>>=t*Eaotr]

a) A: t) it"x->Lfulfrl-T¿È'?

(Why don't you study more?)

B : ¿ trtt {r. fÅfåÍ/¡/J U |Ëltt lv|{,cT t\6r {¡ b {*îùt ¿".

(I am doing mybest in my own way.)

b) vrrJfiEtr*vtufitåú|0)Jër)ìô b. EËEf*Eä/cú10)&ðÈìð âù,Ù. ¿Ë 6

|ì¡. ¡- å ò Ëà /¡ t..

(Both America and Japan have their respective good points, so we can't say one is better than the

other.)

J ot' ^,<{ff; lã'F: > ¿. z >>> öñä.r.n<õf tõ c cÊl'å'r*ur < Ëtc]

',. :,,likó,Øù:,'gxþreçses-the i4q 'of,ja|thou-gh'.l.Ho.rv.gve.r," (,ì¡!: exp-rclse-s the spea$ú.,s,.,,
[N øl, [r*-adjective+.,r:ff,i.t
,,;,'':aférii.toi¡,Èþ'orfa,dnis@ple¡ars:ut¡re:;,¿¿iæisigtui+Èi¿ó3iic"ô4-4nt'ê.'i.ñi;i;.,ir;ü:"s,,j.þ't-,Í,ù':ä':i:-',é:i.,-i,ð,..Ïlii+i*;çrr.. ,{r,;,i,-+'-''.;t-tr1:t' :n-

a) lHø < rf Etf-ftrüìl¡È¡å l¡r.ølÌ. Elð.

(It's troublesome when a child does not want to play outside.)

b) TSr¡< Ël:1 f S b /¿Ès6^¿Ìt.çÈ.

(A person who is poor at doing something but loves doing it is a big pain.)

c) *râü /Jr'( Ër,:-ãt-fØttÌ'È. bH i^l*Elb *T.

(It's too bad that *tere are people who have absolutely no money but keep buying expensive things.)

d) N->'c t.6 < ËI=ffi.L( ( È¿lJt..

( [He] does not tell me although [he] knows about it.)

269

14gn>>>>

Qrrr, ^, ??ürä ,/ fJrröl$ÉT=,for such and such a reason'
fã#3 > t. t t >>> tbÐã : (LìãEÈe]

¡o,;.,, ,t' i, isa,eøflwra or' t¡',1),,Td this ptrase {o11"*r " 9_q"j",,,, r,,,ÞJui.ng ,,'*

) î.a rùi.tt' Ø - 7 ØfuifrtrtfltL t. L ut ã IErfi Tffiffiþ l- 1 ¿ rsr'+ä ò r. *
(There are students who don't do homework saying that they are too busy studying for other
courses.)

)b B ä-c" ùt ffiÍF -f â ¿ ¡ t ) IE É ?çÐ 7a fll*tr'l & \. "

(Many Japanese women quit com"p.aân1ie1s for the reason of mariage.)

c) BAr¿ÌA{&ÌÌffiiffLt+ Ð6cTtt) tEÉ?'É4/JftS¿*Ër}f ò à À/J1.o)Èrgffi

l¡ À"-C1"

(In Japanese companies, it is normal for women not to be given important positions for the losten-
siblel reason that they will soon quit to get marcied.)

$ ror ){¿¿,úEY læawz>1.7 >>>Htr¿å€tr*(E:<rr(l

' ' ':canbe,a,nounloiaverb(plainfo{m),.. ir'
: :'

X L ¿ ö¿::'háir¡vôjÚà¡iórieänr4Èi:,,r,.j,,'':'.,,',,"':,,1,. ,

(1) N ¿ ¿ ö ¿::ttogetherwith; along with'

A) HtrùIâE¿ ¿ T EBAøÉU'trJacb â "
city.)
(Kyoto, together with Nara, is an old Japanese

(2) N ¿ L l> t:7V lplain, present) å & È¡ ¿:

¡¡,¡ffis'tiìidicáte-s':,thatr:lAqjX:dápp.e ¡s,.grdoe¡.Y',It"often'indicàtes that ¡vo changes'p_roè.eæd-,

11P.4.!..9.9ouslY.

b) +þWâ¿¿i)r¿',er.. rrtÀ¿=iuÅ rù: r&âbt-u-"
(It seems that as one grows older, one begins to worry more about triviai things.)

c) Ë*¿rffift¿ ¿ trYÆl\t 7a

(Langtage changes with time.) "

$ "' XãYl¿ltärüã='to leave/entrust X to Y' lnawz > ¿.1 s >>>ffiãætr*t'taøe]

a) ffiiH¡¡ : ¿ lf. ffiffir *zt'tf ( {¡ t-!. å,8 i.

(I think we canhave machines do simple tasks.)

b) jrÐJt¡ ¿ ¿ fÍ. h,Ët¿,v\frùì¡- ¡.o

^E:f(It's better not to leave imporiant things to others.)

c) *#þâffiu,$' y l. ¿: :f á,ü ã ffiftrr* å tì ô ) tt,"

(I wonder if the day will come when [we] leave all the housework to robots.)

''''' EäøÊËI

l r> X/eüÍ:V læa*¡z>1.30>>>Ë ,srãatá.lcrÍt f t

.ii j.i,òi1ô*s'tnèþtàiti.lpr ,tè è'io r'òr'v-é fiar.néali-'1eîê$,4,ña.'*.,¡,

also happens.'

)a â à /¡üEIEI Dff?EåÈ'ð È¿6 Øù* t'SÈ"
(I dont like to be told the same story every time I see lhiml .)

b) î v è-Vñ,â/¡Ot; r?- v r )vØ&\,ØtrJ i¿,ã" b T6.

(Every time I watch TV, I am disgusted by how many commercials there are.)

)c B;6Äùtffeîrù:11< ÉL|t; 7c Øtfuî)*ôas tlþHi "
(Japanese peopie by souvenirs whenever and wherever they go on a trip.)

$ "' V?< ttt¿SEEtriFT='l wish someone would do something; I hope

someone does something.'
læa¡v¿z > !. 3 o >>> ttttht: < ( frlc 5 èEtrtr]

a) ffift¿:âÌr+îHØLtrt*.ttcT (ttt¿à ¿,8t,I:f f"

(I wish men would change with the times.)

b) {¡ c åX$r¡)nlgþ ð{f( (ttt¿å¿Bt,r:f l"
(I hope fthe company] lets me do more important work.)

c ) i trØ+ætt. ffi.'4,("¿å-'ù.1) !'6 À'lTlrt- {¡ c àfrif;l.T (ttt¿å ¿Etr¡f f.
(My child is just having a good time. I wish he,/she would study more.)

*114*,,,,,

a) "o Ë.8 ã¡Ë^ã

:¡1.¡Bl 7 -+|'z ùt. H^0)k/Ê.rJìfH¿ì4.* d"r6 ¿. I : When you want to express your
â&eç Ð 6 -c{t. j ¡' ¿ i:r!.{ å i,Hr,.
opinions, you can use expres-
* 1È'" sions such as _¿ì È f¿ ¿ ,8r,.

:z -¿l v fÄ ¿*. ftràìä * d'¿l¿ 6 . f{É ¿åâ+*þ p È) * T, - ¿: ùl ËÞl'c å * l} l',,
-(1,) D r ä !.à: ¿,8,1. * T
å ^ å Ë ¿ rr ã ËE,r; sHËË<. ä *Ë lt 1" or -(.1,) D + /¡ r...6 L r i z)..
irt/Jt¡ltÐt¡ tffiry å Obviously, when you use -lå
-ì * u \þ ät tá¡ä ? u'
'should,' you are expressing your
E) lvTï [t ¿ 1" opinion in a very assertive man-
ner. Framing your opinion in a
:rjrEl a 11,. Z nß< a h, Ír |,ttt¿¡,rtt Ë 2. BA
rhetorical question, as in -Â,
r¿ÌÍ{*effi û â v 77 À ò ü¡ *. b r¡!.å. 6. ljçt¡¡.¿:¿Hì..*T or -.t D
+ ä t"e l, ¡ ) ìt, makes it less
traùf bfr$¿tiË,amf +âØùtà"/r b*É
assertive.
j iL r- /ù U t¡ /¡ r\?. L *. lt,h 1
2: When you want to disagree with
z-+lv: 4).C.-Lti¿.. "
someone, it is best to first ac-

knowledge his/her opinion and

then state your opinion, as in )
À,,4ÌLìt? )tt,6 Lþär.ùl Ð,
4 TLTù ?' fT I,Ì E, 4 {LTù,rtU

t. ¿ ,Br. * T. -e ù, etc.

1 r"r [f -JlrJV'î
-/<¡ ,{7¿:z¡ þ. -z\i*ã^.iE (R.>aXr¿i. ü i-^Ìt. 7c{Lþ)E( *{..fsotr,./¿#

t:/¡ b /J ð !.o *¿å. /Jt-'ìE ( /¡ ->l¿øn'þ1fr,HAl,TÃtt iLù*'r. ùt * r¡¿,"

2,,,4tllV-JV-,

e Ä1: - - { #= Ø 4t r" )v 7' þ lF -c'( ã Jì t¿ È Ø El -r" ¿Ì. ¿* 1,, Ì¡ HI+.,/ //(tt¡ts ù å à..
L.âr./Jð!.o fr{åÈË_H,þr) z l7 vzlt-'c.*6r,.t. få{" r 7 7ø)yI¿Lt=ry,p¿

/J ð t,."

272

3'* a-wJvl I

Ê,{7¿:r¡ b. -,,\ÌloL. ò i-^¿lEØ#F¿:/¡ b Ì¡Ëù." olti. *aa I 4þLr¿ (
/¡ !.Ø{.-. 4 ø : å ?;RE¿:Ér,. * 1" 4È?-t+ù:Ëir/¡ ild'rtÌì,.ùt *t'¿," 4 {Lþ

=#Tzt, Ð i ¿.¿Ì. FFF¿: ÌÌ.6 /\Øãfr"

Qr,,, 4t¡j lV-7"2 -t

-Ã, rj )" ¡v - 7" þ lF -c 1, *.Ø - Í-c 0) Hfã t : -c t,. # L.â t. /J ð !. o

a) ã:t¡Ì¿ØElf" ¿*. A{* ¿ nl1giøiÈHl (roles) ¿ìË!. * T¿."
b) Ê L+ å -e ¿t, lPHlrJ'.Æ.boI¿ L,Bt. * Tå..

4 {L e {L0) ì tv - 7" t t - Æ À: 3 Ét. { $á !. {.'&'t I I z Ø )tÌ¿ t' t :#*. L /J ð !. o

5'o ä.r ¡{- þ

e -.ØIv-z't,-tln fu- *.LÍffiøbâk,w.ùt'fî{ø ( Ø¿ìi !.å.Æ!.à.ù:?!.{
1¿ ^l- | þ U /J ð t.o ä å -t ( l-¡\, D + /¡ r,.Â,{.-Tà.1 l-A,D + /J !.'C'L ¡ j å.J
i- å,8t. * T ùl ål r¡ E þffi.2f#l- /J ð t.o

6*'dv2-,

O t>Ì¡l¿ØElf"it. Â{*àìîfâ¿:Hf ftSVT âffi. ËEtl (discrimination) åró 6 å,8,t.
* f à." t¡t Q i,Bt. * TÐ.. ffiUãc-C, th"e , I 70))yI¿Vt:#*, Lä ð !.o

7 ,,, fpjt
e [A{* ¿ fr+J å r,. i ffir. :E?¿. ù=É.E++ f 6 r,. o)(FX_þ#â /J ð !.o

273

-lu#>>>>>

e +rI ¿ ,Éffi ¿ r. i Bä^ØFð ¿, (wife) àì# L r !. * T. CD ?Hr. a, L

fùlÈ¿¿*'O. FåË: t.i'r¿J'x ?^d'rlJ ð r.. ^.Øy-ùtÉ

n a ) )Éffið ¿,¿1. :'ÈÄ L*lüt:ØYT a'c ò b {.. ó 6.
n b) Ëffi4lùØ:È^ù1. &ð À,lrtÆ+ L( ò à.* b¡¡1. t,E,:-6 \. åo
n c ) Ëffi¡'lØ.È^l*. Èi¿:BYL/; : È Trsbâ"
inl d ) ,Ëffið À'o)H+tt, -+fãrì 4 I "
n f ) )Ëffiè À,tt- ++.Øffi1:*pgy¡t-"
tr g ) Ëffi¡ À,øfwr¿ Ë ¿Ì. 4fFå tt:7 ) t) tt nli
< rì ô I "
il h) Ëffið A,ØcÈ^tr, Ht*a¿7, , rt,-flr ( à Lr,.,
n ¡)
ìËmð.LØ rÈ^ I>##øftE-tì ô i "
tr j )
)Éffið Å,Ø ¿.È^¿r. ËffiØ b â HI+.iì "

(zØffiar+nEltg¡#æi)rõ D tttÁr. â75' 5lÁUì
+=ØËffi äãzã Ð\ 5 ñard ð r \. )

fþl F'7J
W

) -4 y vùtElfi¿:ffi¡.t Eø ¿ å /¿'.2È. ljrx l. 7 r ì. t) -ØX):Êt-

/¡Øù*. HffiEl Ø+tþWwcôIìoÌ¿" 'lr-À 77 4 ØXJ:ùÌ. *ffiØ¿iå.

¿:. É&+Ørsî: ¿ ++äø4Ëà¡u.-c. âËFr"wL7)xffi.Tbâ" .Øx

ffiüåêf+Ë È, U <. Ë¡lf€r I¿ffil,u-X.rltÀ,f !. åo /Jå./JÈ.+ lvt¡5¿

r. HAFå¿Ì-É{ELå./J (. ó ¿ üåâ#i+FÆícbâo )- 4 y vùt7€0)x.

¿:Ë( ¿. *îsáËð1,Èìã"i;þF,È< <{L'C- l: ¿à;ð/¡/¿ØËßtrll

tå.. ltôRãrfþÐl*::jl ÈÈ.- ll4v¿*:¿l Lffi.ì-{(f¿È. *álÉ[E

üÌ EIA>t(". l. 4 t, ¿*i#=tÈ L h\ù. o I¿ "

9Èffit:- y'- 4 y v ¿* 1.4 vnTrottá¿ i å,H:{. l4 vØÈi*("

Tt ( L. t"ZàrL* -:(t.. âØt_ âtìl)ffiÉù:Eb. -. =ât#->-Cþ, È,
*.1¿Tro:- ô.1¿" L a ô7rì- * ¡¿{#¿.¡,:{1. â b t, < - þ"2¿* L * :t *

*/i-. ftä¡¡(- */¿Lùså ( Eh'Øffiãact#c'Cù't>, ò i-ÊTt-tîô.
/¿å:'. */¿'L*:l[.åo g-4 yy¿ÌElo-Cl-*:/¿. 4ØW- táEð¿,

Èr lrÊEî'Tll àffsË¿sL/¿. êË^.lr( ¿. r))xffiè_Ër,.îü:Æ:

'c) -4 / vþ1#o(ì../¿o | 4 v ù:À:{r.tØ¿Ì=ñÉla'6iù,"

e.O ;RAYA#,tu -ëFiE U U ì ¿,E, {2 n â E Ø 1¿ O ã,2 It rd Ë U r "

[") ) ¡-4 y vùl*/ìEf,r.{!./JzJ"->I¿Øl¿Èì. ,hz l. 7 r ì. t) -o)X.:^It_
'C 2l:
+affrt. ð ¿,Èì-m¿:{l¿,{" t - â Ø Tì ô i
I u) "(. r'7þlÃt¡.i-*6 < o)þË,{L
,ElJ¿:#öÃa{1./Jl... ÛT:àrËÈ¿:üJ

tØrìôi"
n c ) EläØã.("¿å. | 4 vø t"7¿*. l..l {¡ l,Ðf.à ( : å ü:/¡:(!. 60)Tì"
tr d) Êi¿:Ã: /¿z\år f" 7 þffi|, 1. t6r,./;ØÈåì. ffi (wind) t.' L * -ct L *. -c

/¿ ØÈ"

ætîltrå



4>rë,2-Tâ

ô *rtEä#o)t=7eJE ,ãlr<L\t,lr<.

...urauraôffiäôHËi tã0)el7)ì" ......>âtr 1

. Eäl¿{Ètuerìc.

¿nÊv ru'd¿Ê516¿F,,

. ltttâ<L\ ,. r.:
lË õffi lá ã. J,, _ë-þ;t

.66v\)ø)ttëãBurä3-är

. _ø_.__4_ã_ltë_. i¡

URE No
o

ó
o
c
c

Kawaii (r}þtrtr)'Cute'

1I n Ëffi in Lesson 2, Sachiko used the word kawaiito describe a squirrel. The word kawaii
was originally used to describe only dolls, but in recent years,
babies, small animals, and

it has come to symbolize Japanese pop culture. Hello Kitty and Pokemon are no doubt the

most famous examples of this "cuteness" culture, but cute elements are found not only in

character goods but also in fashion, personal appearance, mannerisms, etc. You even see

these cute characters on the body of commercial airliners and many government offices

have cute mascots, so they are not just limited to children's goods. A young female office

worker might characterize her male superior's mannerism as "kawaii ." Once a seal

wandered into a river in Tokyo and became very popular because it was "kawaii." The word

"kawaii" has indeed become a handy word to express one's positive feeling.

Group Society

JI n Japanese society, the group you belong to is very important. So, when you meet
someone for the first time, the first question you are asked might be which company

you work for or which university you are attending, rather than what type of work you do.

Within the group, maintaining group harmony is considered to be very important.

Conciliatory and cooperative attitudes are more valued than strong individualism. 50,

confrontation in public is avoided as much as possible. Japanese value unanimity in any

decision-making process, and so, consensus building is sought before any important

decision is made.

úòl¿<þ')¿Ò (job hunting)

trffi¡Eü

,ËJ!f/b ffitÉÐ that is talked about inlñA*,)2specifically refers to somewhat systematized
activities that college students go through in the process of looking for employment

after graduation. These are for jobs in well-established companies with good prospects and

higher job security, and usually, students start tfrHt)ÉÐ in their junior year. Once you missed

this chance, it used to be rather difficult to get a good job. Howevel these days, it seems

that there are more options available for people who seek jobs after graduation or for

people who want to change jobs.

o
a
o
o
a

I
I

I

I

y I

>>>>> tTh\ãñfcEä. l-.?)ìSFlttEâ I
I

j r? e Ei#ä Øè, tv - = l-.7ÏEHHË[ú)'J\tlJft+l- Æ#7 1 v 9 Ë: -ä rF Ui^{i,

17v\ ò L ö L- zJrtl-tftä-c'-[. 6 o t-+1. * Tà.o

dr ¡11 : ùt,u.. zJr¡¡a"a"

lrvr b /¿ ( U - ft,8trF###øtfrl\ftHn' à ¿m^t. È t"u. r¿ /" 7 v t {"T¿ì"

dr ü-¡ : l7b- v l' ð Å,.C"TÈ.. : Å,ù: Ë ùt.
ì)vl
*ùåHAffiØ' i ^1/vl * -2 tv-2þU{ì,.* L(. f/,¿*BaØÆÉ,
d\ il.t : Ø#l+Ê þ l. c
v 2 ¿: ìE ¿rì t- T¿ " Iiähr Z Ø FËffi ù:'c t,'c ffiÆlJ è : { r.
to ìiYb
â LñoI¿Øî. l..é!. ôr6#þ*dËf,ÈîÈÌ¿ à å,8,:-Ct'-âØ{"Tàì.

b- 4 iu, i: ¿ t¡È,- EÀ,î:l#iJ L*TJ"

b b ùr å i ¡Èu. *î" ftEhù. þ * T" "("ù*- -E*áâr. Lt u. Àrc'r?f -

ä¿*,. ì..?ÈìrËFâåsÌ é L !-î-f È..

d\ ¡l¡ :

lTvb TzJ"o

I5 r\ùå fIlcfiiiffiîT. -C" ùÌ,. xìEûØrtw? - +tþ-ffi ¿:ftä øffi*,Et:f{u- * T

dr ¡l¡ : Ø(". tô1, ( Ëmt.u./¿L*T.
ì)vl
Ù*L.O D ç. Xì8"
xfiLU *1"

JaÐt2 t-'l-rol#fr

279

t.l s#>>>,>

e Eâ#o)Ë*ftä'ti;v v î'( -' = =- lr I ! ? ë, = -ã U c Uì õ. = =-lt Eâl-#!++{Ètu
ELìlc.

).Ë^ b0) ì 7 -ð râ,ù* 10+fÆBA¿:{È.4,'C.'l' È Ll¿Å,"("1È;. EIA¿:{ÈÂ,
{"t.'-c. ¿d'rùå7 t y rt LÉ) T¡ L,Bbfu/¿,ffiàró b *-få..

7c ) î1 tJ" : trr¿åL ¡ -c L 77 v ù I 4 /W7r.ò Ll'¿z¡u'.å,fTås- 7 t

y rt LtiâtìkÊA' D å üt Ð. HA,,\l* ãJlø)u- ( r'6 ltv-7"þÉÀ'D

â À"1î kJ"

Ë^ l)v-/þÊÀ,tJâ=1.- Ð j r,. t Lzôt:fr,{L'C.r,.6 å,,8,1.*fà..

ffllå ¿f. * ó. ,,\¿:ff 1âÃ,W"b f 1à'. ) Èit: 4 0)^r\tl\þë

ià-C r,. â7r, L !. : L t:rnþLfr.) " tsh'-4 ^tråLVàìúFÈl^'É^åì¡Jrð ¡'ffiþr tffib->
'C.t-â; å fi¿,8, A,1T ùl Ð" fl'l*ËffiP!¿: Ls^ìl't/Ju-14 z"t¡À'îl

år. BA(.ùlfÄ¿ìL+-là/¡ ( { ö, lr vî ¿ -- ¿ i,E':l 61'l- ¡ ) J

o'C.Éof < {LâØ"e . fÁùåÈfì li À') LÊZll't.'t,'irüt("T}dâ" 4{L

ù:. ffi¿.ølv-7'ù:^trrùS. TCËEåìÍ'È âØî- âzoøfr¡" àffiffiÉ'!

ü:¿*¿.Ø^tuËù:f#Èþ'ùÌtà ( -C òtscì&ùt(F bfTå':/¿l'.îda. 4ntiL

f öfiår#"c'LÈ.

HA rE,ù''I&å; À ù''> I¿ b tJ 1 T tJ"

¿ it"T" ("ò. 4Ølv-2"F,ù,¿ t., ØàììÉù:Ì ( /¡t'mò ô þ * LÈ"

f/'¿å-ËEi ù: FlAü:lT: /¿ffiùÌTtâ^ ¿ l"CTr)f¿À'íc1þ:- 6tJì-¿ÌâltØ

trr". ly-/Ø | v f ø)u¡¿fÍtr- Hh'îtJÉàlJ !. L. ËF,?Ëbr¡
Ful.B.lx_I=(_,n_¡tã_:1_bi_*!_.LËåÌl;J.t,'o4{HLt'lAØ7Ê7,H7þlvb-*!.abYËþ7ìtÌ¿. *4{bLt*tJL}È(d/a¡.!'å !'l

É^ )lfratït* i I¿lvâ : tå u. ) ¿ -c"l, ) ù."
7€ )îîtr" E#^ùtfft-kb* btr* /Ju'å H,) À"1-î" 7 ) y rt

Eu-ù: ÊJløÊ,F,þÊ->'c - *tffiLäÈì 6tro{u. ( ¿,('Tüt ¿"" B^Att^yÈ.iõr

4 )\-) a Lþlr|¡t'åË:l.t'-âÌrùtf"ù*/Ju'Â,(.f å¡. 'Cð. -l---e-Þ_?-l

.¿ Ë.r_ ¿ 4 i \- i Ër.Èró a _4 i_l¿Ïx¿ll. È _1.

280

I

,>>>> ùîhròHl¿Eä, V l.'ät5EtËEâ I

Ê *É#øffi*a uz-v\6 rJ \Et D ;Fr)T7 v . ./ U 7l¿1 t I è =- U < utõ. v rlt, t#l.lî<
äEE¿\l¿{ÈtuëUìlc"

d\ El ËlÍ. t$.Ex{"EaØvyrt"*7=_/ Èì¿*f :f r.*TütÐ_ óóu.iØùå¿"

s )t)7 l,E,t,'* Tà."

drH Tðu. åEr.*i-. 7 / y rt È.å BAù-u,ôA,/Ã ò ØàìX(r.å,1,{"Tùt ¿.

)r7 EläÈ. ùÆf|t:4 ) \- i ð ØàìHfft ( øo'c.î¿f 6 L!. å Hì,. *T" /¿lì

drE ø&fiIt¿ å'+ ¿ å' Ìi + ä ( - 4 I t'- I rt )vf r -ÈìliÈ'ØEl1 )u6,ùtù> â't
.( !. i ØüÌ. fÁù*î r ( ) {Ll, !.t"T"
)r7
BA¿:Ùå. +7 ¡ -t'+A,Lù"rf,f +v Lå.. AEÙ:à.ir!'L'òøàs/¿ ( è
dr El À,bâ Â,{"îùt Ð. 4 )u-) ¿¿ø òfltr("^ç-,ùtb b *TÀdâ"

i-2" 40)a L:c- L ¡o LfrJ#..t':ffio'c.\'-6: ¿àìó âÀ'1-i.l" fÅùå,
T / y rtØf+t:îïof¿W. BAå.6ù.bl..!.-iy/¡ ÐþI¿ ( ð À,Æ->fî1
-¡I¿À,f.îda. (". lalLTr'bt.t.l __ë_¿_Ì!rålr ôÊt>fuf¿À-CTùt ¿". l4
v rtt å: f : 1.#ì¿âo)l .rA,nr, lu't. EIA(.'¿t. 4 v 2zJ¡r¡

( /¡-tf¿ÈrÆî'C.. ffi Lr,.ØHi ¿,fdùt Ðl -c'C.ÆLf ì,.t A,ícT"

b, /¡åÌiÐ"

7 ) y ùIì L. F ( lfr.La,*'vt. 4 v 'HkAxf{j Låf{fËizuÈ.ff'ÃrLir â->I}¿ i ä^s vo)fr
t. i È': /¡ Å,("f ùl å.
àìÉE: 'C R D È>#T-C#frU

t-l)þH.i.>-C. r. i{Ër.ÊA" +7r.h¡r¡r7): bàLfr.o{. Êf,È I¿bffi Lr,. ò

0) þH) " 4 i u, ) Ër,. àìff"ffi^å ì,. /J: {Er. * L /¿. BA'e ¿*. lffi#
ffi) ¿¿. l*fruffi1 å¿.. lffiJ r¡À,Lþ'c'Cu')Øù--l-:'(fifÆ(". Tf

#1Lr. ð Øù:fte,ì, 1¡¡t"sç- I 7 -("fàì_ T.t y r(.-üå. [.!. {: ØþH-t

(. Ë ( lE D 6 Økæ.i îLØffi b ttrJeqz\._tI¿ À,îl tA"

e )-eTþ". fÅòffiffiffi ^LÈr,.rð, ØtËT fft¿r¡t (frt¡À,îT ùl å_ Ër,.ôø

þ_ ¿ò )rþ Lts¿: L/¡ãàsL.L.Øà.ò Ld'r*ìÌ¿,de.

281

.l t s #,>,..

T./ , nøx#Wù:Ã:/¿tSå. ,0)vÊ- 2 7 7.t - l'Ëøâffø+t:. EIA-c"ùåHil
/Ãù.-tr;#ãfËr.ElL þ84 4ù: Lt. 4 Ø& < t!- HHälÉç7 v è/Ã Ðîffiffii:
j0fr.ønâ +)0)lìcl¿¿. à. É*ÉþÚ¡ < b Ì*. [¿ ØÉ#¿r. :.4,2¡JF[t:ífr.) Øù'-)

t. : "å XAfr¿. 6+tJEtr L /¡ås i*"rä ¿ 4 {t, t' þ HttØò ø ¿: Lr t' l¿ãåìT å (+w&)
4 À,r¡ã#¡Ø r -t¿: [cool.] ùtb â. {Ér,.1 , ¿t[EË1.. F¿* [/ v = t,. !.J l#/¿'l

lL+d¿{u-â) ) /J tl4 T1â) å u'I ¿ ¿ Èàr. {Úà'
kææl-I¿ L È t:-fãgçØ¿Es ATh'Øat'ãsrc.oEollLå{"rr,',å. lf- lt.'t.' D ç Á,1 fd L. He is cool t É

åü1. lu-u.f[] l#Øb?r'ârU Lt¡a" òÐI¿'¡þ.-we arecoolLÊ)iee'- tòt

{FÉbL/¿l åt'j¿åÈ"
frÅùWJÐ'cãffiØ+cfqå¡¡ ( lThat's cooll àÉ:/¿ffi. ,i¡FÊt-tt^t:7, v lk

qlÈ¿òi ¿ L(u. l¿Ewøv-_/./4 l.Ùå. ltr:å Tryh),,ô-r¿t'¿-ffi¿Jii:

/Ão'cÈ/;ia ! I å. sl¿ àÉÂ,"c.u./;.

¿ i: à" ( . : ø lcooll å u. ifftã=arJå_ ffiÇ#t_gffiSffr:äþäT a. ? *, 7c {L
ùt. lcooltã>â ¿ ¿ j Èr. 7 r y rt)vù-Lo"C ¿d'?.fHlfiü:ÉFr¡{tr{É##.c"ó â. L

þú1,-ct,âØÈôi " 7c{LtiElAÀ¿s lh v 4 4 ) å l. iY,,ãffiþ BHâffø+-c"t

ù:ffiffit:qfr.): å t- E^&âfuflfÌ-x/:?t:*aL'( lnv ¿ 4 j Èrö:ftr{ÉøHlÃþÊ

i;-A a{Ltìttzï'â "

-4 Ø7, y rt^Ø H ù. È> ô--c EAX{tr¿* lcooll 6 L r.'o F*1¿\ñâ5 EËØ{+4Ë.
lH^JCfLüElFiâl øFl:. -ËinþFâf'î ânßØl¡ v = J ðl å r" ) v,f,- þ åìrye)
er{L-cu-â" ##îb6r"l, A . <yìv +.4 ¿å. 2001 9tz{v - /+ltî.t -

A)7 tu -/ v Z""efrEV, aO)v,lr"- l. ¿SU./;.
ffiE lJapan's Gross National Cooll àìæTËb-'¡È.tt lbâ\l)fi v=l ð- ='

* b XÆ¿: +Z îXIVWWæ¡lå. GNP è-iElË. 4 Ø80),s v - L L{--d,fið d'tå ^ì

È-c.'¿*ä!.Èìl ¿#,È. BAùåffi o.zr'ÅWøËítE L/¡-t'ct-â ¿ffimîä.

:-Øtttfrå. 10+Dl,-hÈi¿:útlåä#øl et 7' )- 4Èì lv 7 | tsv -) ¿ t' iÉ

#þ1fr.-cr#r./¡E;ÊøEFf'ñt.¿: bâ" 7./ y hÈìËrF+(" =fi ' =-) f 9-vÀ
kfr,r- f 4 +Ø;.--ù_ víÊ¿ft6È- ,. | ùv l'"Øn4H?F,È6ffi. 'rT.e'mfl1;yv1

I
I

I

I

>>>>> û7h\ànf¿Fl6.Y l"¡)ì5ElcE* I
I

þ ffi o "C t'- â Øl':!-+-i4-!l-"

XIAL r. iiÆ{Aù*_ )rþ++-c¿Ì. Éùl+Øtre+ëì-fr, lffilÉffiù:*{"ÌÆ <WæþX-

¿Í'T. ¿àì-c * â" 7 r, rttt|zcØ:- Lþ ËHU-C\,-â L. F4¿:bI¿b. 41))JþHk

wFÉlt:fF¿ÌL{ È l¿"

-c"ù*. EA¿*Ðià." 7=./ç,$t+v - lvÀç.*î¿ -tr+À,n:WXî,/.5mþ
Hø. E^ê. BÄru€fffiÆ#çt"-ÀåìiEfF-e ù ð{ù*f ðfrr. BA^íËæX+îT-

4 f -I¿t,trtn4 ¿:#,f;[EZIüÍ"{u.6fr,|rØW]nþ. FlA,,\¿*Hiù#o)B)J ¿ L(ffi

ffi Lt t'- âIì ô i ù,"

BA¿*. ËffiL. ÆY,,ð+- Éâr¿LØXIVØ+¿:ffib x{Lâ¿

L kË ( È. 'àfEl+.XËIV¿þLry{kåryÈL". -c" {>. EA^ÈìBAî'+.b, Ë'tt È È {> ØØFù: ¿å.

tlE^årË{L- H-IUL/¿ ( { ö{"È /Ju. åÆDru.6 {> ØùrW& < b6" 4øW)tt:-

{r ¿dü+( Ø ÌÌ EA^ E H'e ¿i, /J r. È' å i à..

6ffúÃËz¡

/ n(asahi.comlv 4 ù v USAJ2003 + 4 H E)

v=t - r+zfit¿gÊtã

a^v=uØ7rtT¿E
(5ÊæH:*FlìËlË+l)

.l 'l s #.,..,

Hl- l;åiåi +'ietFH õr li it E6HilMFE#ËE7(70^Ìk¿É4v7ttlå¡"'.,)+)EìffttIf,{ItE=Ø¿¿tt7vDòzÐìE{å:r"iå1t!'"I7c.^Ff-¿'7þrÉt!*vÈB{ð-cf{Cr*)"r,Jtì)iLcr{fÆfå{l{þbðâââ¿rbù(trf¿*LLiîå:ì.f#Aâ^#¿^tØio1fìãùlbBââ¿.:Li*!.L:,4,ì-w+âßfÆ'É{IØ/2ùùÈ(b'f¡L-"ù.i:Tf+:rfâT+ßfHÊTîLüøkþ¿!ât¿òttff\r¡V,åË)i":JJ,,Øl/b2f¿r¿t}r¿:iÈå¿t*¡ìIÃ.rirr:i];:'itritrH{/or'þ64!¿ò¿U¿^rL\".¡f)r.ìt-*liLCo,Ì¡+w#Ë^å{'oùØhr1¿L:c"o¡ì')ì.Ì-,#ÉBHËEfîÉ{/rtü!t)¿¡f."\"\¡:,i!i';'^tdE#f#ih',*=Ëíi;}y#'r1-,^o3,':'¿c,!Låi5in,aú^ut4?íò-':_i..tFo!:lt:iþÞir^ïgofít*geÐ,*åi/<6'.*iád_!)'if4ÉHå,Ø/b4tk:)Låf.¡"i.ì+s,-fz?ír/lâ*åitoÈ¿r8u:¡C¡r)Jö,,rr4þ{A^ÈfÍ/4!B!'fìl(gL.o¡rr,--:t,?'Jr:C+!.E.L*r[Ì2Ð+È¿l.rJ¡o"_d..: {L
¿i

¿'

È,

Ì¡

L.

o

¿

!ir

J

t)

ü)
ì)

þ:

D
ù)

HH i: É Ðw
FòtÌ Ë#ù1:!:í:çi i'FËFþ.t2i_r¡ï. e, S' É E¿R) ìl]Ht9r*

È, D'aþ,

/ù¿L¡*ØXâÈtÈòri{/D"*¡üFB:LÀåÙr'âJä:-;1t,Ib*.áØÉTbÙà-:rì.r.r¡E*. ffi
'f+F;rtïl:"*'ùØ:4ô:roþIâ-l¿)rt)FØf\'LØÀLùcb;*åïr^)"¡yâf'UÈri!!LL{':*r!4\L^,!1'c\Et[b'*(cf..iyði+ØF2Ø/¿¿^¡:#4ÌåTf#LÌ[ruf*g,ùitT:I7r+U.i¡4,Eg¿â;Titz,ËÌtÐÈf,ì&L¿!ör:ì,lIt-Ft,)
¿ìY.,&T't<i(æ*ìiÆ,iÌUffB6iâEØrþÈþtØæF4E,r/üþoDH¿1:"l:Ifrì,^'r,.(Ðt:DU*,.."*Fá^r^Þtif^l_4JA¿Éfoitiiü*sâLØùB**ï/i:\+flþ/Liå't¡{\r4fr+IzÙf¿ÌEi¡:ÈürUòi-.*ìiifÆtIô!ùfùinr"iJE'r*ù,È¿âAt¿))-ì
("

â
"

284

I

>>,>> Ù+lh,'H,lcEã. Y l=ÈrSElcE* I

fAFÉfÌgfgr1à[bâÈBfffÉso'.Jriifiì"JtfþLATâioØùùâH*ÈbbJ,):t'ÐoË*ùØb/rl¿t¿òlþ¡¡'.ri:itiliiã'e)âRfËÀØät/ùùùùðu-tf'o¡T#ii¿i:fii':lig'icüÉ#{{T*4üLþâE:iåoLLt:I:-,':l!Eì-H*-i;rurH]b:'rõ:crþ"..:e+ùa^t'¿üôH4L¿CL-Èl: iAâ&Øo/¿ü/JBâ.i(f:¡"):*ÍäBAþ¿ÈÌÈ*jþ<(åfftiBA{^fØ¿¿ùÈùHLi6(fÈS:i:rt'tnaÉ*fÊooÈtH4ÐiLr/o'))-.lAE'LfL*fs{IH-ùù!*f:f\/r"'*iår¿i:r.Ëfä{¿!bùù\â}rv*fL\*Ëi:bäi".,Ë-À1,À,!=6-F¿'¿o\fcì"fÈi'f-^+t7ÈtIEâ).frì¿r.f)iùLþlf*4iAÊfÊ/aeJ¿!B¿f,r)):r-i

Ølt?l,¡¿2: ÉÉ{"'l)*iLu + ¿ *å+â*(bÉþLF"(â-c.'ã"åì ( Ë¿à:.ËfL¿rÈ

¡þl.,â&E+[rLL/l-¡o:L;,l5ît^å'c,â i)ì L'c. t" < rÍ-^ {L
+ffiØÉt,2LâDB/;^Ø{"

l i R; t î'r; *^ãFþÆ,Ø,4Ìi4ltå"å,'-,HåTfLf&fÆØi;tþ5*rb:&:fÌ,J,'{')TEJØ9ÌlLÞi,ËÈtLrß:^)rE'ÉcËñå+^lØþtó¿ÈrtâE¿,TrÉÊ'Cr*X'f^HÀi¿IôfÈâhe¿tn:fJt,:ir,f'r.aÆbËKZirhrü{S!Hïåu'¡'kÐF.cÌål{{ü8åô.tl)ùÈ<^ÌLìr"4E,È,ERÊ2ffÈHo¿¿rBÈòH\Ér):.:ùTtËì{E'rùblâ*âò<cârl¿Lo:,.:¡tor4ìæfIiÌükÈâHöLrt")¡Êsâ:".ÉÊtE'{WE(à¿þEâ-ärür"HS*ìy.XE,tHåri/b,â*_Þ-xr':-çnc;^r:æfæF&M^4ÌLrL/¿&âU'Ik¡¡a:\i,\eââafgIùØ'l¿ËH-+ÌoF*^-,W'++#++ÉulAËtþ2¿å",-'.ù,)'f#f'{F'}LrùâC:t(ÊfLE,,:\'oi.
È/¡l
*å t¿o (z**¿"ì€,ìà{"U¿bC.ì¿,8ìÌIÈLân¡Ør' tâfwFfriË !Er, /¡ iðË Ðc, åI('ì â {/!L *ut ù'
È, -)
L, ¿ò: H- {L'f {L fU :¿ /¿
þ7c ò )F /¿
: -E À¿"'1âìÆT üô : ^¿:ç
A

.l 'l s#,,,..

;-+* tfamiþ namel r faifJf1t¿i¡'ì¡. be convenient
to cooperate
r rJr¡11

g åTrfrriòfj(i1A

r!' ¡ lfamiþ namel 22 )7 trf 7 | v-! a y frustration

?Ë^

a (-þ)ÊtoÀt¡ ,D I â to value -; to give tr to accumulate [u.i.]
I1
Ì¿*. â
T¿lt'â
* t<lr importance to - B 'et 11. i stand out from the
consideration (for -)
frEÉ frâffi,It
bg crowd and you just

rc (-tr¡#*u..Qb â to learn invite trouble for

6r¡tt q ì yourself.

75 'lÐ å ù'trJ to approach (someone) t; t'ò 2 opposition; confrontation

t''¿': ¿ I 24 Niî-

rz Erù\üUàìt- L- to be comfortabie ¿'ø-

ø-¡, ffiü to like; to prefer
a25 *r:ÏÞfr¡i -T
18 ffi aspect to compromise

+tâ^u +5I. u¿ a working, full-fledged tr-

19 26 åaËÈ.¿Ét ¿ iflhavetochoose

rnerl:ft:,et of society one over the other

2t 1\, i lÐ or ratlter [>>>*iål-l-.1] [>>>*rË./- l-.2]

¡JIE lfamily namef ôt' to get bored
lfemale given namel new product on the
x.¡ + to be popular lu.i.l 7e âgÈ 6 market
new product
ùr'd6 abroad 20 fuft¿i#rf.rfcuf'i
technology sensitive; susceptible
¿ì¡'¿r¡. Lr¿+-o¿i¿ to jump at
- left an impression on around (someone)
6 ffirf- 21 ffiH.Fn
È'.u p, (me) [u.i.] to take agoodcare of-
to change tf¡,¡',+
7 w.'ffi
u't¿u¡; ø! trfÆ(¡¡)
¿t I
11 friæ- ¿ffia
zz ftCÌì'c (
U AIL#Lâ ,tr

B Hb

2s rf{\'+uI. :T â

I

>>>>> ùf]hròF.ÊEä. v l.'D,5EtËE* I

¡1r¡^ lfamily namef rz Si¡ 6 (¿:) excessively;
O ÙHË lfemale given nameJ
lplural forml indiscriminately
di . words and phrases
rÈ+ r: (-¿;¡g¿til:Сi T 6 to appear (on TV,
expression
r t:È :l¡üEH \' etc.) [u.i.]
everyday conversation
-ìË frequently; often
,ff:ii(H dictionary ' 4)¿oi
in this way t4 in its own way
context 4 trLtqffi|: standard ofvalue
l. t *È, to judge ¿' tÈ Èr uq.i,
gradualTy fffi{ÉËF
Ëu.FlL :18.r,"ã
v'ã really;truly
f- Fl-ìt':t â wide
rE:BËu¡iâ¿l¡ffài 15 *Ù:
in aword; in short
tB try\*i ¿1, ôÌ, [name of a journal]
stylish; chic special issue
to suggest; to propose (a +R/À-# theory of nation
plan) .t
u'lu¡f À, achap; agvy ¿ ( -Lþ

Æffi¿: ffiÆ'
D. aat\_Ò¡tu- ,
utL ¡ rs üEl=Éfr

3 É+# building

. Àft ¿la ¡r

¿.à/¿F,¿: ffiB-r a

d¿"¡r+ < *oE ì to stride; to swagger
about
4 xÃm WøA
to put away (to include)
d¡¿¿¡"

HW.T 6

u¡-ur l: ¿lu+ lu.t.l
author
'È< 20 Eâ original title

s fctflr't,-Ì r l{¿¡-'r'

r¡[r¡¡ã 22 IRÆ

üEËt' ¿*6 just as -

rti -Eb the general public

Flx B xr['u.*e, gross national product
{--td-
l.tÈ GNP justlike-t:¿lEDli
('-å)lÉti¡f.fi i t:l [>>>**/- F.s]
F(r¡)
t[.a¿
,
æÆTâ

af+rt\,

t.ø a to have a dispute ,iy - power
to acknowledge
[quarrell with it" t, to explain [u.f.]
fie1d
, 4F¡'tlg 1 6 to make it up with; to ffiNt a super power
reconcile to point out
I+É.b ¡' analysis
without much thought theory
rc r¡[: ll ] ( 24 #,<
desperately
latffit¡ x.rï, s

,{"ùt rftl: tJw

r *F* -ì È ¡ti t:-¡ ¿ (

(-¿;...?) IIJÈ¿{.0 to hammer ... ËIAEI

into -'s head u k*

TEffi-T A

.¡{¿+¡

25 tìffi

b-zÌ"

26 Êgm

.l t s #>>>>>

ÉËffi-t'Lt¿ut' t i+Lv t i extension 33 ük tt+.î to praise; to make much
of Lu.t.l
zo architect
fashion designer
È-Á, u- not merely; not ttÀ,t,< r'
level of name recognition
zz $.¿:-1ùå/J simply [>>>gtt/-t'6] æÆæ to raise lu.r.l
current
r{.t r' medium r-r'+"¿ condition; circumstance
nation's power
2s ,xl6 ,=l gt u to recognize
to absorb
*j',û+'t receiver 34 #,frË to imitate
to transform
Jø liking; taste lt:r'tl â
one's sense of value to adopt lu.t.l
ffia rttt, ã.
to be good at
¡, E ¡'¡, EÆ.ø to imitate
ftr{Éffi to be indifferent
uúlrtrÈn¡i
w(.¡I¡l

deeply

'-lr to exert (influence) EI¡:t(tD ¡ (

Ã.¿r'T

lu.t.l ¡:7o u È

u 5'< to realize lu.t.l ffiffiT 6

30 HH,T â ÈprtLpi

-ù:bl¿ b :_Ørå 36 w. w.T â

r¡ãro(t¡ strategically ¡ [¡;
Hl ffi É!¿:
to cultivate; to develop tåffi]- 6
o)a - (one's skill, etc.) [2.¿.]
^zãÆrtuI'þt a
3/ {FùÌ'r Japanese made; made tr- I
in Japan ¿t
¡: [¡¿+¡ x{16
electronic instrument' W.b
33 BAry
gadgets ¿-f,'
'el, u *t È
:z {$ffi(r¡)
€+#ä#
* tr¡

38 HlDf,l â

Ë¿r -f¿g r <

3e ffitF

o Èi b rules ç!1. * t'u. nolsy

-l¿"'à ùl .,f-

,4f fullof - [>>>gitl-].71 B,¡¡ a to spread olut lu.i.l
complete opposite
Thailand rt.rI¿tr.
6 IËEFJ

)rtt)Bv+2tY) v.7àln¡alm7eTo*f tyheba.uthorl *a*t¡- to observe; to keep

I

(ru1es)

iu,tlur, ¡ impression t{¡¡' < strictly

1 friã- t0 ffilr.¡,:

3ËLp.f¿l capitzl t*'lr6 L objection;

?3 E=#

Bangkok counterargument

a ^*h-'ly=? dirty r.È ¡' -there is no room for

|$¡. -6;þff!¿ì/¡ [>>>liåz- ¡e]

I

>>>>> ìJllh\òHlcEA. Y l..l)t5Ef¿Eâ I

u¡ri Lå common sense 2s +ttif¡i blanket
proper; reasonable;just à''-
73 ffiffi â to put - on
É5¡¿[' ¿ ¡ (r¡) l#l,f

14 (-ù: ùå) ¿.'f¡ ir-Z¡ r.. to be no matdn 30 b'* {L6 to be dumb-founded
¡Ínt r tuir '
for; can't win 31 ffigJþH,Z â to feel impressed

[>>>*;å.t - t"s] ,4,,

(-ù:) ¡{¡'tl a concerning 37 õffi discontent
16 LfpfriiLfrfìi(àl'É2ÈÐi f job hunting
:g -j- å l- :-ù: ( t. [>>>*8,/-l..to]
r¡-¡+'¿. for some reason a-l
to declare; to say
44 Êt',VJ 6 definitely

ffi+âv'ruz ã u + :##urcùf¿'b Ø^ qs -lJ ¿ iìi, 6'r¡ ,.. not to be pafür;rt7ar

t7 uffii<l:a: ( :Ffrffif å about; not to be picky
[>>>*;t,z- ¡ t t]
l:r¡5r somewhat long
Lt ç
t8 Eø
46 ffi,w
19 â¿[.¿ff<i(r¡) cruel;heartless perspective
êtnt:¡, < F¡ to make a judgment
(-à. à ) |r*l?fua to be out of possibility
úvv> +Iffi?TT
(t¡) excellent; talented
ffi.fr i,r, ro)

EIÉË

uãEr. u'ir- to tie (someone) up

/\tã person oftalent ffia psychologically
room; space
a¡{< ut- to believe firmly r[.u¿rÈ to liberate
funny;comical ffiTFÉ!¿:
ffitr-t
heating ¡ tç¡
zr f;tfiuf*fi(r¡) air conditioning
to turn off lu.t.) #,+{à
22 fdÊt'txÉ¡
¿'t.¡¡ i
irut.rr ffif&-r a

hÉ ¿'[.¿'¿ pleasant feeling
(sensation)
B IrHt. T RÆ

z¿ I¿'*. l: ¡'tt

ffia -ÉÊ )

occasionally )t rf¿r almost
materials; ingredients
25 d+ a little fl¡{. ¡ ¡ti cooking
development
26 t)'Ètà. D Ð beforehand; in advance fá consciousness;
,, vÊõ ¡+,vs-î 6 û!i ù awareness
to observe (the rules)
¡ttÈf tr- chilly ffiæ

Hll,*r.. t{.t ¡,

56 #æ

l. -

57 Ëffi

za fiil ( to work effectively (-ù:) r¡'U.tr -to get used to
:òcå
I 6t tJ6r.åf6 to get frustrated

Ëåù:

U'À,€ b Ll â tobe chi11y/cool

2e ôÞ (one's) lap

t.l s #o>,,.

þ

t.tffih 2.ffiã z.#.t> â ¿.ffiffiÉÍ s.ffi
ø.fÍÈ 6 s.ffiffr g.friã-
z.Ë-Ð to.)',{tffiL6
tt.#ffi rz.Hffi rs.ft¿Nz ( r+.4
rz.#Jffi rs.É*Ë3ãl (
ro. Ãù: rs. ûEË1. ß.'È,ryEc zo.Htã
zz.t\ø a zq.lRffi
zr.ffffÉ zz.ÊH zs.## zg.ÆM zs.#îìE b
sa.WE
zo.ÊÉefi sz.N{L a za.Æ#K eo.Ëff
sq.EIÊE zs.hE
sr.ffiffi gz. E L ì,. ss.ðËË
so. ÌHT +0.ffifiî.
+t.-#â qz.MFI se.õffi
az.#E

r.ffiffi z. f¡,8É b s. E,ù'ffü +.frâffi, s.ffi{r
ø.*Iffi e.ßüÈ å
rr.Ér,,.ElL z.Æt a rs.Xflm g.Wffi ro.El b
tz.ffiWt:
to.þX tz.lFÉb ra.tlpÈì ü tq.Y# (t¡) rs.FF
rq.ä4 zo. ffiff
zr.ffi ( 22.ffiffi zz.Jlffi
z¿.ffiFñfi.h zs.lÊffi
zø.W ( zz.B.lfT za.fFlx-'T zs.ffiW ¡o.ttlE
gs.Ë{0,{
¡r. &lE 22.ffiffi ga. Ft,. ss.f6
se.hffi qo. )\M
s0.ffiffi¿: zz.#ffi sg.@fr
¿r.ÌFffi ¿g.fU ( as.ffilÌ â
¿z.Hll,€t,. 44.+-48
aø.M,W qe.Rlà
az.ffiâ

This radical is based on the image of grass and is generally used for

characters representing kinds, conditions etc., of grass.

tï¿t t_Ël t_ru rd¿

290