An Integrated Approach to Intermediate Japanese (textbook)

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Jobs for Students

>>>>>

JI n the U.5., even elementary school and junior high school children sometimes work to
earn pocket money by babysitting, delivering newspapers, mowing grass for others, etc.

High school students with part-time jobs are not at all rare. ln Japan, on the other hand,

youngsters through high school are usually discouraged by their parents and teachers from

working part-time since they must study hard in and out of school to survive "examination

hell." They are expected to devote their full energy to studying to get into the "right"

school or college. They simply do not have time for part-time jobs.

Once in college, however, things change dramatically. Since course work is not even half

as rigorous in Japan as in the U.5., many college students acquire part-time jobs. The best

kind of job is tutoring students from elementary school to high school to prepare them for

entrance exams. They also work as sales clerks, sports instructors, interpreters/translators,

or anything else as long as it brings in money.

ln the U.S., one often hears about students working their way through college. That is

not usually the case in Japan. Parents are supposed to take care of their children through

college, and they do. Japanese college students, therefore, work part-time to earn extra

money for enjoyment. They may buy small used cars, motor scooters, sporting goods, or go

on trips abroad.

Job lnterviews

hen looking for a part-time job, an American student in Japan may be expected to

speak in Japanese, depending on the type of work he/she wants. When interviewed

in Japanese, either face-to-face or over the phone, you must speak very politely, using il#.
There have been cases of Americans selected over their competitors only because their ff#

was better. Therefore, learn to use expressions such as tTLCdl)t and, above all, never refer

to the interviewer as 6f¿f¿ !

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147

l8*,,,,,

¡i:È
Ê.i'¡

wt¡5t to look for 6El.tL|rlil lfamily name]
Lltz irùaÙ
receptionist ¡trp* lfamily name]
¿l( l'¿ junior and senior high
school [:Y&;often ? ffiill school students
-+ffi 10s+o5ÉJ:ä+r'
used for names of target; object of
åii L rt.u¡ i
3 &.Êw schoolsl f,fæ

lfrØ#s U¿l¿, ò o) teacher l:rÊe) ,, ,È'r-yî 4 T volunteer

person who handles a tÐ-
patttc;lslat business
r: *a El ù: Ðr¿¡ 6 to meet lhumble form
mattü [ã is generally of à )l lu.i.l
#(tl,L- t'
a humble expression detailed
for ,,\]
ù'r L'r J aft.er
to replace someone
-LR/n'â lu.i.l I5 ut*.

vÞliva¡t a little; short (time) 17 Ii'c. i ît fine; good

6Èftl, ry'l: lu lformal for ÞL]

a person in cftarge

4tt ¿ ¡J+l quick and simple ,, i¡ connection(s)
relative(s)
z î->w,b to chatter t:trTl vttu â r. surely
translation
s L+Xa private lesson 16 #,Æ bulletin board
,1., ì fashion model
fffi)x.w v z to keep company with; ¡lxE
to be a companion to
, f¿f[i'+f þl 6 tÙrT.
housewife
to +u,if¡fi miltrt¿+ <
female office worker(s)
/-t--ru llit., offrceTady) 7e

OL u[. u r¡¿

ffiñrffi

,o ìf¡,

>>>>>Vlbll.( t-#.1'

1w+ftúÃ, ç'i ¿¡ ( +o¿l¡. t lperson who deals with 10 /ì4 l. :/,¡vÅ'l I
matters pertaining to
:I (tÈ foreign studentsl FË-T å to lose no time in -ing
job opening [i¿., mouth]
rìr v r'f
special talent; ski11 16 æi to hire
5ffiffi
magazine 19 +l'v4f å-z SantaClaus
s +Éñfr
editing ü'-t¿- b (/¡) perfect flt
a--

ffiæ

o #¡5lçll* ù7vlLtr f,.L,fu Dutch (person)
177yF'.<2 Caucasian
lfamiþ narneT e
t¡¡E['¡E< r*f.ryr* to enter a country [:El
Ê^¡¡t( u À ¿:^å: ¿l
Ranald McDonald
r:ç'i; ( to allow
continent warmly
^EX
z 7t'- l..tj-t FortGeorge
t l.7Yt*- ^r:r\, q'l
scot
7av 10 #-l
(attt '

11 lffi å.

s ìvf ¿7Y Americanlndian - Q ) t¡,F,¡tT â to feel as if -

ôr9DþaiL+

iH ùft
å4 a person who goes adrift +';t¡r before long; soon

on the ocean (- €.v¡' 6 to be determined to

I å ) l*,ù'T

s (-ù:)ffiizËa ( to drift ashore -; to resolve to -

¡,t¡,8 i to be moved; to be r: [¡t¿*t¿¡'n Japanese waters; offthe

6 ffigJ-f â 13 Elatlffi

impressed coast ofJapan

?Me- tfttu ancestor(s) t¡ Br.+¿ whaling vessel

ffifif;trÈ

"etluÈ. legend +-luu, lu crew member
to recall method
Effi flâEl fortunately; luckily
s,*Btt t.Hts- i-
t4 frt#t*ti t¡ i
t[' ' toward-
¡#['¡t.
-i:f-üîå longing; yearning
{¡ c;,\, direction; area
a!¿t
frffi
Ëd'r

r.tf- rs (--.) Tr' i to head toward _ lu.i.l

ru( to hold [u.f.] [written fiìJ,
t t gi
expressionl
711=ZE [name of a shipl
- tr_,
national isolation
e ffiEX

.lg#,,,,,

t¡F. ¡l¡ f ¡ lthe biggest island in E 30¡gt( the next (day / year / etc.)
the north of Japan
'o JhiEË : {Lttu l:4.øl

Æø-&ítøxå u.61 31 Fffi warship
(-ù:)t¿E5'j-'( to approach (-) [u.i.]
*r( Èlå to send back
+-tuÈ ¡ i captain of a ship throughout (one's) life
ËbìET
flâE niece
¡t u¡ ¡
t (tÈ Tand to die from an illness
EEru -+.
t:lÑftt'msll
18 (-ù:) Y¡9¡< â to land (on -) o['
33 Æ [ma1e given name]
LW'f
tt¡ri L language study
tf,-( ¡ the Shogunate
ffifr-r â genius
20 #Æ
z\- ø tn to open up the country
H(rut| 6- to be surprised 36 XZWJ
(to foreigners) t:El?ffi
ÈeriLpi [the name of one of the 4nË.HÈfrfr-(
( . ¿l
)1' 'Ifl four major islands of xxtlr,¡ r'
Edo Bay
Japan) ¿'['; (
Commodore Perry
r¡5fu ¡ 37 mEl to return [u.i.]
2r Ëil6 lname of a cityl treaty
t Dutch ship I¡IFtt-i¡ë¡,
v lfiÈù¡u negotiation
>f i --{.'y
splendidly
: t(.¿t u' overseas; abroad . ¡;;r
to be useful; to be
EXfl. RA helpful l:'tÉ.t:-v'>l

(-ù:) Itt t I' â to decide[:-t:i*Ð l-:]ri+(

lÐft-f *frrJ

â) ¿tiv¡i

¿;ln lthird-person pronoun x.w
for amalel üb'clft!.tl:
22 '&. to appear lu.i.)
to be shipwrecked çl È.
ttàb' interpreter 'tÞfrc
inconvenient
23 E,{L6 to learn; to study

¡¡'¿u t!

ffiM-r a

ì8il:tiç(

25

26 õ¡lÆ^¿(r¡)

*î¡
28 JÈ-åâr¡s

""t TJlrl{r h#t I

h

LW z.#Efr s.lfr ¿.Èff s.ffiE
s.,fE^ g.Eb â
6.ffiffi z.Èffi r+. =#f ro.ffi&
r1..+E tz.ffiÐt r¡. ÉÄ
tz. ¡lfffi rs.Ël* 19.#[. ts.tÐL 6
to.lR,,ù' zz.*ff. ¿-
zz.YÀì zz.'ffi. zq.WlLâ )
zt. JhffirË z0.lpJ/Jr
20.õffi. ze. ìET zs.ffim,
zs.ìÉÉR
¡r.lI¡=-
so.Xf,

r.ff4 z.# L t,. g.ÈlÉ q.ffiffi s.ffi-rR

0.ffifrffi. z.Æ#, e.ffiÆ g.É) ro.#il1
rr. tEE tz.Æffi,#
rz.ffiEX rs.ffiùtË ( tq.+flft rs.'[Ëù¿
ro.ffi ( zz.ffi ( rs.fâËl
rB.lñ.à. !. zo.WIfu
zt.Hffi zz. FãEX z+.WW.
zs.Effi zs.H-ff
zo.tE zs.Râ
ze.yä so.*fr!
sr.ülÆ

This radical stands for a rice plant and is generally used for characters
representing kinds of plant, states of, or uses foç the rice plant, etc.

t_fÄJ tfxj [ril fd¿

151

8*-"'

t "' Xf*Y< åür?T='Y is about the only X.' lã#t > t. t z >>> äâ.Ê< Surrttrt]

This expression is used when Y is about the only case where X holds true. X and Y are both

a) Elã^r)ìØ À"(ìt ('.È 6Off. 7t+äØffi< årrå¡ü Ltrlcrl.

(College years might be the only time when the Japanese can relax.)

b) U-T â Øß_ Eh ¿ ô < àü\rr"

rF.Ràìffi21.Ì:rÌ, t6ÆØ

(,{bout the only time Tbkyo becomes quiet is around Llre Bon festival.)

c) #.Lt¿fr&wt. fr7 v7 4 7 r"fA¿:E^ffiþw.i-l¿( åür?"T.
(about the only teaching experience [I have] is teaching Japanese to children as a volunteer.)

/r* f pHfJ ='as expected; also; aga¡n' [â#2 >r.3]

t.z,lf ,Þ is aconversatio¡alform,of Siå,þ.,¡L¡...an erb,ry,liich,indicp!ès,thâfwþatisbêing.

said is what is expected from our general or specific knowledge.

a) I a y . T i1 ¿ ltWâ*.Tì ->T¿"'tÊ.0) ffi I¿t, ö \¡lf U&yâXl:t¡, ol¿"

(John Kennedy was a politician. His brothers also became politicians.)

b) Ë+¿rffiÉt..6 f Èì. 1up tf U HLa Ø¿:ffiH7)rà.È. b * j-"

(Kan¡i arc interesting, but las might be expected] they take a long time to learn.)

J ott -Ëå-f{='lf onlyVou -' là#z > ¿. s >>> FFÈã L rr *nnHl

This expression states a sufficient condition for attaining a desired result. ð å

,, .r:V.(1-.€,rfeijln)'ð'å-¡,1Ùuls:'l.' .:,(:,,Tþ'þ..ffih .ë,Z,t1thlf'.'.-,,.:'.,,

'fr'P.fficles' z:t'' ¿,'¡¿',*¿, ò,,are.droþþed.,ú.hèn å å is attached;

i',1i!::',i':i'¡ |:È ffitr¿IS;,I*Ì'is'acc itio f'o'ry,

)a iÌ"tt ð 7-T n|{ffifr,ù: lJ b *-ì} ¿,"
)gú:

(You won't get sick if only you exercise.)

b) Eë *"rftrr'Ë b * î.
(tf you only sleep, you will getbetter.)

c) 2 i 7.¿:H( ) - | þ L c'c.ë à,r,rtrft'. Ì¿r.D I iÀfT.
(If you only attend classes andtake notes, you will do fine.)

152

tttrt 7rLlr{ F#U I

d) Ë+ð àfr ?rrtrft'#îEflÈrffie) 6 È r,. i btI {..ùtó b * È,L"
(It's not the case that knowing kanji guarantees that you are able to read newspapers.)

e) (¡È Lóirl¡îî.

EHðåó*11{.

(The only thing I need to be happy is free time.)

.:r t.:l::;.. -: :. tì: .: ::;.:.::4.: r:r:,1r.i: .;..:

., ',In g.orpq,capes, there- is a chqice between,-_N.Ê-¿ Vjttr,O¡.V à.,l.Èu-,1È.aS.,.,,-i $è fol.lorying

examples:

f ) (TbðåÊnôfr^'. iÊb*1.
g) <T b þffi,¿rë àTtrff. ÌÊb *f.

(If only you would take your medicine, you would get better.)

{rrr, ^,f*l ilÀ#z > t. s >>> tf : ã Lìuì¡ÐÊr)r E Ð zât8ët¿1, ¿f

..:.1x ,ûhictr:øèant¡iu6aa'io¡i.'èi.l.qóté.ái ¡.ãn"', conjecrure with some i
,cèita,inty. .It',follows INø], foJms gf -vgrbq anaÉ,,
, [/¡-adjectiíe+,rr'],;¡anOtþtain
, a¿i uét, , ,,' "
l '

a) âB¿*EEEÈ¿.6 , HÈm&aorrf r"T"
(Ifs Sunday today, and so banks are supposed to be closed.)

b) BÄt:{lÂ,t'!./¿È'6 Bæffiàì-h+/rff f Í.T.

(His Japanese should be good since he lived in Japan.)

c) BÐi; b*u- l*f f'1.

FÉr¡

(If it's a used one, it should be cheap.)

d) 2'<4 vffiþFflcÍt.åz\l: å o1- 4, y 7ætjffiL ( r¡r.f*f (.T.

(For people who know Spanish, It¿lian is not supposed to be dífficuit.)

e) BAffiø=+ù:/rÌ?.1Ì. BÄffiøffHÈìãñe) 6 Í*dt'T.

(Students w1no are in Third Year Japanese shouldbe able to read newspapers in Japanese.)

$ rrr -l*T¿Lrt lÈ#2 > t. z o >>> =e=,btt tub\r á ^auraatiur]

a) *.6îÞr0ÛÐ f¿tt"
(Ifs iike a dream.)

153

.lg#>>>>,

b) ¿ ¿,/JËt. l, ØVHb ë ftf . lÌå.4/c[r.

(I feel stupid being forced into buying an expensive thing like this.)

c) ä Ðr ä ¿¡.fl=Fþì /¡ ¡. ;1 ¡. ç t /ìda.

(It seems difficult to find a¡ob.)

Ilc¿lu

d) X+ffi4FT â7tt¿rrJ-"

(It looks like lhel is going to get married next year.)

$ trr N ë tr?='as -' lffia#t > ¿. t s >>>ÊâË¿ t,(]

a) ##Ø#En¿Lf tElÄ,-frr <7 yr^¿1. W",tWzr!'åJ i/ì.
(It seems that the number of Americans who go to Japan as English teachers is increasing every

year.)

b) 1= à7+-ll. ãtflúf3fiù+r<1å,+ ¿l'T À b öDIiÊìEø("ä^ñtt'È> LþlJ!'"

(Chomsky is perhaps more famous for his political activities than as a linguist.)

| ," N/¿Þ (lI) ='because (of); due to' nlffiævl > a >>> ìEãRi¡tu rr¿ur,zu)]

-l¿Ð(t:) follows [Nø], lt¡-adjective*t¡1, and plain forms of ,- e[Þ.$, :,4"F d,.1,],,+-
Itadjectives. indicates the reason or câuse for the following clause. Ð ::is.¿ fÁ6¡¿l:.ex:.:'.i::r',.:.:i,, r.i :. :..: .,...-r:i.:i:.-:....::;. ,.: r ,
t' tr:r:11:: 1':: i::tr::r :ì:.:itt:,::.;:,1
-l¿pression, and hence is used in writing or in formal iitoátioos.

a) tdtr t9 È i 4 làì*-t Y+ tvã ttl¿"

XÉØf¿üt7

(The flight was cancelled because of heavy snow)

b) À(Í? Hi¿ å ø ù:ffiFflåì7):f: fi o

#?ttîFÆt¡t¿dt-

(fan3i take a long time to learn because of their complexity.)

)c #ffiø'e È 6 )BilÈìt. /J r,. É &)- #rcåftÆõEl:Æ D ( t. /¿.
(Because there was no interpreter who could handle English, the Shogunate was greatTy

inconvenienced. ) (aI
rtr. å

(Because of the deteriorating economic conditions, many people havebeen laid off.)

e) E#ffiþfuúfr-f â Ëó (E). EÄ^fra /c.

(He went to Japan in order to study Japanese.)

f) E#ffiþfu,ffiU r¿l¡ e) (E) - BA^õa l¿"

(He went to Japan because he studied Japanese.)

rt TrLlrr F#u I

a) "'VwtÍí hO¿¿TE;ffãfâ >>>>>[â#1]

ffiØ^: AÊt It.^îþìår.#<ãusfrftiÉ1*" *#og+är ?72 I : In general, the party that an-

;è)v t t€, swers the phone speaks first by

l. ¿ rf, .xT2" ffiffiø7 tvtt 4 | øZ ¿Tb saying ù L ò L. Some people,
however, skip ò L ò L andiden-
* t ¿f¡íltrÉ[tÀZ"f ár3" tify themselves by saying, for
example, H+'Cî. Business es-
{ÃØL: bb. 4{Lu. à'i ö" ffiff-7)fråW.tåó b *-l-¿.. tablishments normally identify
¿ )v : ¿l i.. ng¿ YEffiFÃøffiFk,r'L f : /¿ ¿ [
themselves immediately, with-

outsayingtLöL.

¿ìð b *T" 2 : The caller must first identify

ffio)L: 4 )-AîzJ,o ?ffL{'.¿l- -EtaElù:à.à. t-C!# himself/herself by saying - È F

L !' ¿ L þ *6ffi1- Ur¿ r' t E!'* Tåì- pñHø L * -t-. If you forget to identify

yourself, the person answering

would ask ÐÈ Èffi

+'{þ-W c ô aË ò ^r. 6 L.r r,./¿ lìit * 1¿.. (polite for ^ÈTtrùL)'fcj'Lrr¡. I à.. The
;è-)v iå!.. /ì1. D I i À-c. 1" f''¿t- -F+ù:1Elr. * T.
latest trend seems to be to leave
XôU ( *áñFt.t,./¡L*1"
out the latter half of this sen-

tence, leaving only trlL î l as

intact.

3: Once the caller idenúfies him-

b) '- EgÉ?8f;fr(messase) äffiti self/herself, he/she normally asks

for the person he/she wishes to

talk to, e.g., ffirlrJhär.. ù -¡ l- +

ètv i t t €' t. ¡l.¡E ð '{,OÍJÊ?' l' ¿ ) lt'a" r.. * T È.. In the above conversa-

ilrBlË llr,., 4 )f-T7Jt" tion, the caller instead states the

). ìè)v i 60 Èù,t€øut *+ø 7 2 l- ¿ Ífr L :r ráf2. ¡reason forthecall by saying -o)
å,lElì.-lc r..t,îTàr
¿ ¿ -eÈ I
or ? l, Èr1-þ#1.-C r,. 6 c L

å*¿ 7''"rbz L+ür¡f;f 71,3" + â Lñ->ltØf. btãffiI.i¡ L

i.tljElË bo) tÞ¿ÌâÈ r e å HÈ. û'c.iô b * T¿ì. * Ll¡.

ètv:. ó. 4iîTù," lEIffi¡at6')ñ\ Í' Lt iÈ., 4: If the party that picks up a phone
Ùf does not identify himself/her-

ilrBl& )1,wc ô¿: ¿åF6 ¿,8r. * T ùl Ð. self, then, you can ask by saying

è)v i 4 ) î-rù'" 4 lLîfÌ. Tð.*li lvùr+6'lñ|' L -o)*;4 (polite for 8) îL ¡ i

t 2ft e,- .L 6 ^.*'€ffi ( /ìð å l i +Jlãå Ð. if you are calling someone's

home.

(to give a message) < Ë Ë l, r * tf /r, á' 5. 5 : When you want to leave a mes-

TIJEIË ti'ù'b * L/:. Eì--c*rå * T. sage, you can use formal expres-

È)v i !.ôU ( Jdß-Fì,.L*T. {'ùt. sions such as -l ) *á6à ( ti
Ë t. *È/1,à. and - L ld6¿ ( fì
IIJH& :Ð A, ( /ìð t'" ^TLL*-1" ð t' or informal expressions

such as --c'C.G,Lt ( f¿t¡t. ?

ard,--t1.Ê-¡ f *ót.f .

.18#>>>>>

1 ,,, El-)b7Vl

-¡<l' ,{7i: Ì¡ b /¡ð t.. -Å¿lBä¿: u- aHYE.t_ Hæþ#.2 â7 y.,s 4 | þ LÈ t.Øf".
!' å !. ô tÃ#¡#+ffi.Effi#þ tr.ti'Cr,. * 1" ù i
-^¿t'< î ¡ y y#à##nriift'.
a Ø+ffiÓ¿Ì. âË ¡ ) Efr,EþWv" !. * T"
î- Ø- /\Øàffi?ffiH L /¡ ð r,.. âffi

ØffiI¿.t..ffi (detail) ùlÉÉ.

f ,,,n-rVJVl

e '<7 t=àù'{1. -^ÌtB+4.. t) i -^ÌÌâ&E¿: Ì¡ b r¡ è t." B++.ù:rtJÐ tâ?{F

l:É#þlt,ttJ'C.- ##øvy Tvtt:t r.{ffUãiàffiþffiHL/J ð r,.o 4.ø:- L þffi
L'å)àr. EH. ffiFå. EFfr, +ahLt¡¿Ø#E¿.u.,ffillÉlÉ"

a) When should theybegin?
b) How many times a week should they meet?

c ) Where should they rneet?
d) From what time to wlnattime?
e) How much should the tuitionbe?

J "' E-rVJVl

e,{z¿:t¡ D t¡ð r." âff 3 Ø, r.4 y vttt._ l9€?ffEf,¿:Êffiþ t--c ô,r¿l åË={r.*
TTJt- 'ffi.ùttrFffiËf,¿:€ffiþ¡" ùll¡ffiØâffiþëì,- *^¿r, t4 f y- ù i-^Èì#

Ff,Tf ø^¿: t¡, ->'c. - ffiH L /J ð !."

4uAv-r71.-l7t

e (BÄr"t€ffi?Ë r EA^ùt. +ffi?ffið Ì¡ It {L¿x'-r¡ à /¡ ( /¡ a ¿ . Éilç¿. L årc (to

actshy) t¡¡,t¡ù"ffi4 i L u *ìi¿,. Ð i Lt¿ 6. ffiðìÌ å ¿ ¿ ¿s-("È å {" l, ¡. ) ù""
4¡lv-7"þlF->f - 741¡7 ?HLâr,.. y 7l7vZ"l./JðL.o ,Ã l.¿l-c-å/¿ò.
,, 7 Ø lur¿L r-fr¡¿L /J ð !.o

5'o 4v2-?

O ^e7¿: /J b. âh'Ø+Xf"f"-*É#l-ù.->/¡ (* /; ù*-Ér,.t/¿'o r:) T )v)t 4 l. ù::
t. {. ffi Lât. /J ð !.o

1s6

--' 7rLlrr F#u I

6,,, fFJt
e ãlJø L/¿: å Øb67 tvtì4 l. ù:?!.(. frtl^L7 tv,s4 l' J å t,')ffit'-tr^?f 6 u'

ø(Fxþ#ä /J ð r,.o

e T ./, ìt o)W++., -,) - ¿Wi$ønt#ä¿tmLru- * -t-" cD aHr.r. ffLr.
l>øt:Oþ't üllJ ð ì,."

( ) øñffit_ù.fn à /J r.."

a) ffiätt-<f ¡vvËàffi#W ( ) øz ¿eÀ(ffi->'c.\'-âo

( ) :t:11'> l¿ å ùtb 6 "

( î) ã> Ur¿-ç ¿, v#à##Wtr:ft -'L 6 â: ò b /¿-.

b) 9- I -ùt ( ) < 1 ¿, v#ã##Wt:îî->l¡ : å tltb 6.

( ) î-< '¡ v vÊàffi#Wf M$RL /¿ ¿ å trìb â "

c) )-t)-ftvl¿YY*à#+Wt ( ) æ\ffiì-ârìôi"

i,( ) æ)Eû=ffiFåffiL âtì ô ) "

( ) -ìEFñ¿:Xffiffräå- âIìô

( ) ++ ¿ Hffitffi.ì- 6 z L t:TÌ. c Ì¿ " i "
)
d) 9- l/ -li ( ++ä LÊffi+.þ *ffi¿ffiL â tì ô

( ) +++ È É&ä¿:âffirì11ffi.ì-d'tùl't't,' å Ë{rd'ul¿"

( ) -ffiFñr:=aEò 6 irìôi"

e) Ì- 1/ -ùÌ ( ) -B¿:=fH6òiTìôi"

( ) -ffiFñ¿:=É'Hò ò )Ììôi"

157

.lg#>,,,,

ti 7'{.''r Ëril
'l
I
w

-si 4 -àìFlai:Ë#l-r ô': ( b t-I¿ a ¿ Ø-? ¿i,. E#)yø17 y l-Í0,,
lfu/¿-.lÈ. BA^fi ( ffi- 'hx l. 7 r \ t) -t:l¡lù.taâçùt"?f+r(!. oT¿fr
fìlr [r È ,Hu.- tóÎð À,tt:ll, , 4. *ôËð Å,ù: ü*2. y l."rì v ì_ ?l^*l¿t,
ù:Ìå7 J t) hØ^+0)T !r)k^H, o{t..rÈo *ô1ð ¡4,L?Hr¿Èü*Ë,n

(' ( Ìt Èàì. *rËð À,È.b *., l tLl- Q i t¡ffiþ Ur¡.ù.->l¿" 4 Ø.,,y t"rìy
ìti- ffifrßØWØ7 - | 7 .¡-7 (.'Ë: r¿#(F b o),s v ìt- trJ.t z iHu-PVlÈ
-cÌ¿lt, å. -ì7 ¿ -iÌàì: ù, b U{ L * oÌ¿" ã¡ ¿ (.. fáËð À"øt#o{ !. å
,syl"ilâJ]ü[llv t"4z¿å-'à.b/a'¿ r.) I åù:ftcu./;o ,ìv."rìùlf/J (.

17, Ã{à-ì,,v l- ty y / z¿ù1i v F-WJtrì,ù'b T¡øIì" 4Øt, | 4 vøz
,) y r* *'C Cr-;v - fi tvl"y øñø),.->f¿11 y l-tùr¡Ø{"- ^ìi ¿ -iÌ l.

4 vtË)yä È e¡¿: taù.t- ( AW..-C l, *. -cl¿"

I i vr L.ì_a1- Uit.,brand-oriented, t'J< Ttandmade l:î-c(F.
r*frrfu i.e.,Ilkingfor
+fF b /¡l

narr'ebrand goodsl ¿s'r ¿J¡ î â to be disappointed

:-å¡i *tg' -l¿ ô'¿: whenever -

ffiwØw hometown

O ì*Ø9ãfr,Á,e. iE U tìÐ ú) lr O. F5Ë : Ctt õ b 0) l- x ä? Itf¿Í Ë Ur"

n a ) -ri 4 -¿*. BYî6Èi¿:,r7 | 7 z ì t/ - t,-/vÈy b þå.cÌ¿"
n b) 'hà þ 7 7 :. t) -ØtôËð hti.- ÊÀ,"Õ( {t,r¡zJ.-tI¿o
n c ) ¿ Ø*?'Eð À"tt- blff¿Vl\t, Bä¿:Ër,. aù. t¡H,l:vVJlì ->I¿"
n d) ¿Ø*tËð¿,ù1. 11v F-pVlùt ¿ -6 ò*f å 6 L!."
n e) ,-hà l. 7 r ì. t) -1)X.tt:It- I- 4 vt¿:4>l1v l'-F?Jùìù;â"

EÍTEÍ;

ürff â/ t'àö

e_çn-.__*_l¿F-ÞA.u.1lt_il{U ilirr,.;,..'........."..'..........'.....>âãË 3

vtuhb\
. tr-lvl{fr8-EÞt4SKÞ

o UP. ËËfd<.' .'1r "";¡r

ô ¿n.RËßEHcE.Éfcå!

i +t\,3îtuäãTäò;i'ft

. rnlFÞEçÞ?Þ-+

. ëiËõb?ïi¿)l' '

IJRE No
a
a
o
o
a

Humble Expressions

hen one gives a gift in Japan, one uses an expression that minimizes its importance:
)t.òT&V\V)C175ì (lit., it'sjust something insignificant). The spirit of humbleness has
always been valued in japan. lt is the same spirit that makes Japanese speakers say {EIÐõ'd
tìtttfu75ì (/it, there's nothing worthwhile) when they serve a meal to guests, or LìUìZ, å
lvCþõDtËl\',/¿lvCtcrdtl (Cl) (lit., it's far from the truth) when they are complimented,
for example, on a member of their family. 2ãòl'a!\+r)elñì, howeveç is a fairly formal ex-
pression. So, when you give a gift to your homestay family, a less formal expression such as

t t,fcbo) U t ldLìfu Cdäì wil I suff ice.

Gift-giving

hen one receives a gift in Japan, one is not supposed to open it right away. wanting
to open a gift immediately has traditionally been interpreted as a sign of beíng
materialistic. Don't be surprised, therefore, if someone you give a gift to in Japan does not
open it in your presence. Likewise, if you receive a gift, thank the giver profusely, but do
not look too eager to know what ís insíde. Like so many things in Japan, howeveç this
custom, too, is perhaps in the process of changing. some young people nowadays may ask
you to open what they give you at once.
Another difference in gift-giving between the U.5. and Japan is that when one receives a
gift in Japan, one often starts worrying about what gift to give back. For example, if one
receives an Aäiur 0.e., gift for special occasions) from a neighbon one must give back a gift
(r.e., an AffiUl of equal or near-equal value. When you are in a student-teacher situation
where you are the teacheç however, you do not have to worry about this. ln other words,
if you receive a year-end gift from a student you have been tutoring, you are not expected
to give anything back.
Since an average middle-class Japanese family is accustomed to receiving so many gifts,
they are not easily surprised these days. lt may be difficult to give them the kind of present
they might find extraordinary. The best kind of gift for a H#Ë to take to Japan for his/her
host family, therefore, would be something that would be hard to obtain in Japan. Take
with you, for example, T-shirts from your college if there are teenagers in the family. Picture
books with beautiful color photos of your city or state might be another good choice.

o
o
o
a
o

,,,,, *o* I

te E At¿Ër\tr tdäì þ g)E+åylADT. ÉtrÌo)Eäì 5 fr c T ë f¿J V Ë)/ ã1.. U <Ë1.

t À: bØ- :ùt- tLtöØDf /¡u'.å,Í"Tà¡- 7, t)rtù,ùØr6^Pùt'(.'T"

fi_4 t (Ë) * ó. 4 A,t¡Ã,þífr.b/¡ ( ( ò j ù.'tl¿1)tt:. T a* Ì¡.4,"

fi.:4 t (1) Þ_è"i?êìô b ¿ì¿ 7"

,Fz ¡. (Ë) 1 ( ðÁ,óâo)tt:, )<ÆIì=/;f L* i.

t À: ffi42¡:¡¿

,lr¡ ¡'(&) b- !.å[. ì-" bØ) - ]È.:r¡ àFãtjl&1 ( È'ð t..

Tcirô? D+. ìËÆ/¡(.

t .^: äù:Ã:{!.tÈ1,16 t [.tu.rl,'cf à1.

fiz ìe -I-.7 z U o) d)Ë Ë tu ?ïô4, t5 lJä Fñl lt ã "
ñz ¡. (Jè) ,^Øft+ØTvrY?

t À: z ì¿. æØ^+{"^ñ ùr b âT / r v /¡. À,1-l .

,+x Ì.(1) ^åo

ùÃ t (&) bb. ù.b !. l,. D s /J !.o
7 ) y rîù1. /¿u.{t'-4{L4"{LØf¡+tt--7r-)vh 7-ùtã>ol- 40)
t À:

þ,Ø^+l v1¿ì!. ô\'.ôb6À,1T L"

,rà h (1) ->à;z)) llto

t À: ffiøf,#ø72 -tvz1 7 -tiffirÃ,ØT- frØTv Ì y ù: l-'C.ô.1¿À'1Tùt Ð"

ùz t (Ë) i--- ffifr t. da" a ØgJ+rJt|lrt"
b- ?{Lti,(+Ø<7=v t 11" æØt?-c"Là.Hi-är.ø)l.. 4{Lùt
t À: ¡. ¡.f:/¡ è.,8: {"
óð. {Ë¿.¿:. 7vèîH,â7 i y rtØ++rJì} ( Ë{ 6btr"
,$x t (&)

,rx Þ (1) 7rt)lrÈtl-({l,.l,.dao

t À: IÉÂ,(.- u. È t- ül !. ù. -> /¿ -("f "

161

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O !t1:/ vlr\æ+frffio)^¿ffucuìõ"

,9-4Yv âB ¿* Ë ¡ ¿ HFËÈìð â A"îT I,T T* "

ffiäåffit: ¿å t.. {41. t- ¡. ) ù."

iù-4lY H#Ä0)EìËØffiiÊffiffiäù:ryür-'/"vl¿ A,'aT ù;- Ð L /¿ à u. t.. Ø å.- ð

-tIf,brllr.Èrl¡ ( {El:{t,.6 À,ícT"

w#\ffi: {4¿ìâr). È /J u. A,acTù'"
l¡.,lYv
å Ù:à. (. HÄf'ffiffiF¿:ff¿ll"¿/¿: åfì/¡¡.0)1- l\tþË{u..'È àr,.
WY#.ffi:
¡.. Øå. ò âà. à /J U. A,tt "

4À,T¡: å lìcÈ 6. fúò,ù'HÉ]rÌ¡ ('cl¿"t. D ¡ )À{"î t" 7-)ùÌf#:
{Èr*1È."

ù-4/Y 1 -Ë 1.z z _ ù 1 r.4 {L þ Ê ( _+_-þ_.ftrî?_s_/_4__1¡ å. /r "
l- ù. TÃ. r.,1, (.-
H#Hffi:
{4Étj-¿."
Ð-4)v
lil&-c I u' i Øù'- nary blue -Cïùl Ð"

EYHIÃ: óó. frË"r"Tde. Dç. 4{LkÊîu.ùlüx*1.1.{"T}"
t5 ùr.4lY
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ËEfáê?t#ol L. ( :{Ef,r.tÅ,{"Tås. r. ( åf$:{[.:l¿ å L.t. å

,E-)þ-&-È--I-à'.

/ Ì.f3

Iv
H#*{fr: y v ã À"ùJ,YäÈà. -c, =nH 6 u.f" t,' L- å,8,u. * T

Ð-4Yv tllr', * L/¡. Dç. 4 i t-*.1" Ð t ö bbt)tL i :å"r,.* LÈ.
H#äffi:
U-t.åo ì..r{.6¿iA"

162

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O 9r U-, E/\Øfr ¿=ÉU<Utã.

w fi: Hãß^11->È:àbâ?

9-l/- *.TìTt->/¿: È /Ju'Â,È. F__Þ_f_*Et¿*Ttù'/¡ å +ÈÐt': l7)À'r¡,¿:Ë*r

{11âà.6. ætFô-tr:Tt-c"C.A6: ò b Èüt â.

tE 4: ,lXdâ. ¿ Ø78û*ü:lT:{ È l¿Å,È.

ù ¡-t) - À- i À," à" j /¿-: È"

wf : Ìå.:/¿J. ¿fLËäF("Hr{ È I¿ù,Ù, btlâ}" t,' y -i:¿l- :ØFÆ-
t€ffiØilffiøÈi¿-f u.ÀÂ,äå( ò È' ol¿zl, -È' 4 øla4Lt¡À'Iì"
ù-t)- 4)" lÃti{ð!.['?

w fi: [.!.]o

I ¡-t) - ó. È dnut.t-/¡ ó.

W*: RäßørhøaÈùl Ð. 4 À,t¡tZt- ffr.i z

Ð zt)' lfr.t x" za)réBaÆÈìffiÈ tËrÃ,-t (å/;à"6. .{ìffi.bÈ'c ò 6 i }"

w fi: 4)- Jà.:/¿o

t5 9-.t)- ÐtòbbùtL)"

ì.'_\

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I

15 10 5 1

Ê+Ëf+1'f-æqqâlØfп/7¿-¿Ðlukf¿4f-ñ')i_"r..<:,iHr,:r+þJ4bty1WT:/1åF;?Ùy¿À.,4¿/r¿0(¿rËJJ¡Èt+Ì:/^I,,)'.¡È+Ë/-¿R."sØrfô+co)¿iI^r)t¡{+tììnrJoà,¿"J)álLÌ_4rrv&.È+-f:fFIæd!üto¿'ü4L.(4cnf^Crltf-+')iì:r*itÌtrv/ØùJt+H1âF'+þþlâ¿¿¡E!(bÈm)t":.Ët)t^:{i'J+4ác"âêri(lîbf^olâØl^Ëå:"füH",L".Fb)titìrHH#ff+tf{o{Ë+ÉoHâùûffì{L"ii)É)â,:EÌ[+ÉtþÈ¿oEØåfX0b7tòF6)?áHo0{€)t¿ir)'.F":')/),'&JÉ0þo74IÈ.t¡âç¿¿rtIËÉWt)¿t")'ö+Ëff+tt+{fb-4üâ:òxffáôL"^rìiil,Jf..fÆfêbf¿^ezo¿Ø¡âibUL:ii-iâiE:))):uirþF+4+ÉØ{þâü7iü)Lââ¡"rEË"€:HJì\,':ttöA*üËg{1tL;24?Ë,{.rr¡á-::Ërrt,L.Ê+Ff^Ø(üØítet¿+ò)'Lf*Ë-r"*rsiiÈ'EJlWF9+fÊo[rÆÐØØZôofi)Ë'tu^)iÉJ. fTE+lã4¿-¿?ùüØfit!,))i*or:*:,

AËl1'+7ù7?{råËB,ùb*ö-âåtHÌL-¿"t)zt-lr:riii,,"tfìL-k-¿7717v4v.rvòvv¿lyyIL?.¡:"'fffËrþæVftØ¿ì¿*.R+70t7ùiCfált¿dXiåtif)þ;.,.:fËf{tHÈôiÙâüt)¿¿å+ff-""LfiÃit:fáiIê/þoræWþ#-*1tþ*Ëù*b*)U¿¿üùóf,+t)t,".8tæþ"ê{+'14ÐÀârÈþ/ÈtÈði¿)(Ci.Ltá¡+:i:,,'ìa7.e'^/EôEÈ{{¿*Cu/tl,)L)È(L¿-¿LL¡l,..?:'".þ'ØÉ,ì1ft/-)i1+v{\**t:'.úï.+fg:yiEcfáfßn"frrài.ætW+Hþn*!ATå'ËbÈ¿tÈoet29âHr"lþ,¡rt)'.fWtfàHoê#!f1àrI7þù/i)LuâÐbi+riJ¡ák)h),ìì..ærnåF'âiiwf&vêL¿4!*büiù!:â*¿Ff:"\r4rRttói:Ìì'JifF+Ø+àÌØìþã*[6¿üobð1fS"\r-.óHni*Jì))t:4',5¿FFrKà^{bâ¿L/4oâiÈio:L¿"*,=)iiì::¿i*t+tlHmiØÐ+4kØ1â^ikeU¿(ù'fþô.lr'r.J'Er''þÊ^N^tfTf7ØìùåulÈ[T.¿:â<Aaf¿fÊt.\'):iitì,ì{*^tLorùa{çôr¿HL:ù6:4ò¿rLyó*-)t)$'o.-"

165

.lg#>>>>>

,:,1:r

;Ì!i

¡ol I' o) gift; present t-¡' Ì. red
AÉbW anirnal
to worry about 17 fr mascot
fþrt,þftùf' i.i to wear
to go out of one's way to tt, Àt. to be pleased; to re.joice
*is*, s do something WrW

6mtr'Ùâ [>>>Í;t/- t'1] :v?7f I

2-f,to9 ¡ I to open [u.f.l t9

z rËÆr¡ ( without hesitation Ulú., 21 Êa
unreservedlyl
t-l €s¡BJ
color
tsþ 23

ûr.¿L u 4iLL n- u t¿.r¡ I l-

4 ffiMWæE wedding reception i b flã¿¡r¡ to have no choice

¡ ', -¿*t þ /¡ ¡. not at all -1, but to - [>>>*rål- t.2]

7f -y suit 14ffi navyblue

Èr( lcounter for suitsl

t1 -Ê

I WÆ¡5'¡ ¿ tfamiþ namel L pri *: weekend
r g¡ft. of appreciation
¡ Ð "C¡.¡g.-ÈÆ at least once ìEX tea cup (for green tea)
.ti t¿¡

[>>>*;ã.i - t'4] t6+L
ì
lcontraction of -t¡I] {t
ãøa'&t
¿fl
12

-/JÈ+

>>r>>ÊDlpÀ

O -FÈ fond of - [: -¿lf-] g /¡ l ttr¡rJ< exftavagant; luxurious
groom
å [rt season 24 HùR(r¡) búde
to invite
1 #Kl U.tùrÒ-- )
25 #îËF
aTuL i't , traditionally
mid-year gift ü¿s
6ffiÉ!¿:
ffihñ
2 *tõt, +i tff riu
uJit.
tH'r#t 6

3+*d¡"*.. end of tl'rcyear 28 *'¡-.* ¡- increasinglyl:ò-lÈl
end-oÊthe-year gift
4 È¡ tr to be indebted to a'J clearly
tôffi,H 29 Ell å È. ¿: vicious circle
t+t ¡ influence
ttt< v vt/,,¡'lu Christian
fáËffù: /J 6 church
mffiæ
t¡ro I someone iu.l.l
to eqjoy ¿['*r;
6 #Lto to deliver [u.f.]
,c. ì New Year 30 ffiw

9 EIIâ tl ,'ìzlrv
fá8trtt, ¡ i ¡tð
#,àÈ¡9¿'n

to '¿ LrJ* New Year's gift of cash 34 /C'lì just; only [>>>*tÊ,/-t'e]

*á+:Ë _t to exchange

ulr+* relative(s) l:HHl 3s xwï 6

HM to visit 36 1a'= i- I chocolate

-tr* I ¿['o¿ lover; sweetheart

13 ffi*Jâ 37 Æ,L

<tJ¡ø fruit

14 R+h loca1 product I¿,.È. not limited to
¿ rË ã,tÀt
rc -t:FE à [>>>EË,/-t-1oJ
IËTþ,øÊVI clt v
one's superior l:âlt¡¡
ù'7u¿it11¿) sightseeing trip -hd ¿"f'ÉâÌ b t1)Ll

rc ffi,ItffiTt

.xt! e, weird; eery 40 Ì2 ¡.'i E
cash
zo õfrffi¿: to help each other 42 t6'¡ì, Eì- l,

{¡"{¡. 'f exactly
reciprocal gift
22 n&. 4s *,Ð 6 to decide[af.]

B ÈtT t-

WTIã)

rl¿ E r' original

24 Æ*,0)

þ

1. El z.ffiWJ s.fÃû â +.& 5.7J5
q.ffiÍF
6.grW -t.Eæ.? a e.Ës ro. -Ë'
rz.ìEü* r¿. ttffi
rr.xfl tz. taS:Ë r¡.Fñ ts.tffi ts.ffiIT 6
22.ffiffi zo.õf¡,ffi
ro.EE ß.ffi*râ z+.8Ã 6lt' zs. ÆÂ

zr.#îBF zs.tEî#

zo. t'El

t.AÉ b *2J z.iËÆ s.WffiH ¿.#H s.ffitF
z.#Kfr e.ffiË g.ffi,ffi, to.RW
ø.ãø4 rs.ËlR ts.ffi#
t2.ffi,ft r¿.Hffiffi
tt.ÉWJ

this radical comes from ñ and is generally used for characters repre-

senting god-related objects and activities.

l+Ll l+tl f?fijld¿

,,,,, uo* I

1 ttt f¡äd:ð='to go out of one's way to do something'

lã#t > ¿. ¿ >>> þdtzdõ D ùr¿ ã]

a) þ ä"ä ë"H¿. ù â Ø¿lt4lì7). à. Eãffi("ff ¿ i "
(It's phone.)
not easy to take the time to go, so I will talk on the

b) Y4.: cølFX. ãÈËLt¡Ë¿ìl.t.f LI iÈ""

(Do you think I should rewrite this composition?)

ftE.: þê^bë"ËÈÉ¡r¡ ( ( ü r,-u-Â,Dsä!.fîÈ."

(I don't think you have to take the trouble to rewrite it.)

(ttdþd vs. tf :är()

ir Ë"ir ð" denotes doine something in a way that takes more timæ and effort than o"""r.ury, o,
purposely doing something that is not necessary. So, in general, there are at least two
alternatives and you choose the one which takes more time, effort, etc. 'tà: È, ( , on the other
hand, is used to indicate that one has spent time, made an effort, or ,
obtain something, or to reach a certain state. It is often used with expressions such as Ø ¿:

and Ì14'¿ È'.

c) Ëc/t,< BAffi?BoI¿0)ù:. æb/Jr,- å T fËþf L* i.
(You learn Japanese with a great deal of effort, but ifyou don't use it, you forget it very quickly.)

d) t2 ë"t? ð'X¡¡ ( ( ò L. t.f"T J.

(You don't have to take the trouble of coming.)

f ,r,Xå,Ultfrl$ftlr='1s have no choice but to -'

lãffi2 > ¿. t t >>> uflãñfzLì< e D Êãä%urr)'Ë]

it.T,hiç,s¡prossion, what normallymeans that X,,is.notr
but to do one wants :do'bq1 óne choÍce-,..r'
::,r :to, hag :no, .:ir':,: . ..,,ri :. rll,jl
r: 1...::.ir.i:rir.iJt,..:r..l:i.r:..).,1,r,.r:.-r.:,:1.:'..,,' , t,,:,:.¡.i,ì1.,1.- ì:ì'
. . .:jitrll:: a::

a) táâÈìä t.ffiù1. 7 tv.,¡ 4 t 31 â J, t)ltã'r)rr¡u'"

(When one does not have any money, one does not have any choice but to work part-time.)

b) IFàrä t'È. 6 _ Ë!.'C.ft < e ú) llfi þtt¿çt"

(Since I don'thave a car,lTtave no alternative but to go on foot.)

J rrr Vnâ,/ önâ lã#: > t. t t >>>.'. eean*at']

/.' .,r¡èVd¿.á ù {L â fonri,which is,homophonousto'lhe sivè,ffi'-ày-,bð;. ffi#t ''
(honorific forrn), as in the following examples.

169

.lg#,,,,,

a) ft+^. &þÊlt'ltt¿? i îîtrt, t.: ¿'HH[ø ¿.7Ë(" L & ) È..

(Professor, I hear you have written a book. When is it scheduled to be published?)

b) ft+ùt7 t y rt ^)Fà tLt¿i.6lt- + ¿ T.r-Jì.LËaf I'l¿ À,'e l, ¡ 1tt"
( lfalking to a professor] When you came to .{merica, things were very different from what they are
now, weren't they?)

Qr>r> ËÐ"< (-f*) ='at least' lã#3 > ¿. z >>> ttþ)<-El#Í¡ïaÊ ì5 t¿e)r¿]

a) æ+þ /¿ ( ðÂ,Ër../¿u.Èì. FFñ¿:'r¡!.ØT'- ËbT#ÈÊ+f*ffiAËÈf"å å J i l:

/J b Ì¡ 1."

(I want to learn lots of kanji, but I don't have much time. I would like to be able to read and write at

least Kyoiku Kanji, though.)

b) Ëb< -Ê.If Bä^ffa r r>I¿ L. ¿ ,B i ¡¡sþr",ïì 6 i "
(There must be lots of people who would like to visit Japarr at least once.)

c) EWËÐT -HFd <'å trl* E#ffiþfutfrL-c {, å !./¿ t. ð ØÈ.
(I would like lthem] to spend at least one hour every night studying Japanese.)

È¡L ëà6à
(There
ä¡I)fttr
¡ù:{fóf Lf i id) ('
å ü' t, 6 !.1¿ !- ¿,s, Èfñ¿å&u,lì ô

must be many wives who want their husbands "
to wash dishes, at least.)

S t"t -åäfl='so that -' lffiaryt > t. a >>># uo a * ; tr]

tX À , t: Yl means [Y so that X]. In this constructiol, X often contains a poterntial verb,

negative form or stative verb, which normally canlt be controlled by one's will.

a) r>À,tÌ.ùt*l,b 6 & a E1 a a v - | þð ùÌ'l¡.
(I gave lthem] chocolate so that they can all enjoy it.)

b) Ëtr/Jüt* ã llãt.t*a!.t ( /ìå u..

(Please write it down so that you won't forget.)

c) BÄ^litf6åali*õ#.þ l¡Ðf t.*f.
(I am saving money so that I can go to Japan.)

d) +æØ+å+dsr: ü,ïh,âj äEçð Lr,.ËHrÉt.(õ b *-f.

(Children's books are written in an easy language so that they'll be easy to understand.)

170

*uo*
I

e) ffiL!.HÈìF zâ ]¡?À, Ltt.* T"

e.Ò|;W#.þ

(I am saving money so that I can buy a new car.)

f ) ffiLt,#þHÒ t¿ütlzw#.þ l-( !- * 1.
(I am saving money in order to buy a new car.)

, i.No,tlc-é..thatine)', th9.verblis,4po-t9nti-.yèrb, whilè in f), the veú!s'..an a9ti9-n,v ,..'

$ tt *JZ,/ 1Eã-â='seems -; appears -' lffi¿*t > t. z o >>> rFñEËtcEz az ;-e øaf

-,,,/jiadjectives'and ,t,::adjeêtivês both:aþþearinæ;adù ial:foim as follows.

a) t., ò fr-ã"IZE,Z6"

( [Hel always seems to be in good heaith.)

b) BA^rr+J bã<Eà6"

(Japanese look younger than their age.)

7','¿z l#afil > t.zz >>>...ex;t arz]

r, 4 emphasizes the preceding noun or phrase.

a) BÄffiùrË+ùrb âù, ù Zz. ffiÉ!.Øf.T.

(Japanese is interesting preciselybecause it has kanji.)

b) )FS¿ ? BA^õÈ Ì¿ l' å Ha { !'* T.

(I do wânt to go to Japan next year lfor surel .)

:.r , .:

,.,:,Thè¡e:s.eems: to:he;some.ré3son.why.,,orie has 1o emphasiz-e ap-arti.cBlag:,tl.o.ri..r¡$rlpå¡ase. ,

Sentence a), for example, would be used when someone has said that kanji is troublesome or

that he wishes there were no kanji. The speakei then rejects that idea by emphasizing the

,"u.on clause. i4 generally replaces particles lJì/k,/lr,/lt, but is attached to other
particles, as in,r ¿ 4, L i ?, etc.

$ >>o XåËplüY='tt's true that X, but Y; Although I said X, Y'

l#aM > æ z >>> t u z< z ¿Ë : <b]

ffcfi:,, È Ìr'followslplain forms, but a copula /i is generally:omitted. In ttris expresqion, Y is

grven to qualfy X.

171

oJ s,,,,,

a) , y 7?7¿ÊcT ú. EIAI:È.? y zlr vl|b * b r,.*rù¿,"

(although I said Christmas, there are very few Christians in Japan.)

b) *u- å EcT g. ltr¿rHa ¿ ¿, u b b *,È À,"

(Although I said it's cold, the lakes never fueeze.)

$,r,7-f=Just; only' læa$¡>t.z¿l

a) Ê/¡t'r.Flffi¿må aLlrìr,ëLf r.lJr,-J I¡¡YätxEb *T.
(A student who is oniy concerned about getting good grades is problematic.)

b) ï¿tiæ.Øft#/¿ùÌ L( t- â 0)Ìt. c* å r¡L- ¿,8,!.* T.

(I think it's boring to be doing just housework.)

c ) Ê/c'€ffiÈrffri6 J i ¿r¡â ¿ LrìtIttìElffi{hDçó b *r¿,"
(Internationalization is not just to become able to speak English.)

f O -" N (Of NP) EFå/¡(rt='¡s1 limited to -' l#a¡v¡>¿:z>>>ff,,ucmael

a) E#ffiþfutfrLf r,- å+ä¿r. Bäffi€4t=Wt) *,Ë Å."

(Students who study Japanese are îot iimited to Japanese majors.)

b) &tú.- / e ØtEæz))JlrlÌ BA^EF ò tuT Lr/rüro

(These days, professional sumo players are no| confined to Japanese.)

t:

This expression can also be used in the affirmative, as in d.

) *+Wt:fttl Øttx+þ+XLc /cåEE à n< t\6 "
(Only 6
those graduated from college/universit¡r can go to a graduate school.)
who have

f 1 *' ë¿lt¡lu (* particle) Tt='âny -' l#ævt>t æ>>> eruart;tt]

. , G- 9terally,,p4r-tiè1es- àì and ?. are.'de-letedì.whç¡.they,rare,.fqjlõ,wqd ,t:'.òtr,':\i{il :étliêrÐarti- ]

cles such as L ,/ù' Èt,/ t:,etc., remain.

a) tr< t !.!.tT"

Elvt¿HtlUT'

(Any present will do.)

b) Elvr¿),.tt' å?'t,r- ¡^?ù à ) L )ttl,u,"
(It's nice to receive a cardno matler who it is from.)

c ) Etvt¿),¿ råËìg¿:Ì¡,{Lâ^tr- i$/i.
(A person wtio canbe friends with anyone is lucky.)

d) t ¡-t¿ffi:cü. {Èe)¿x-'ffiri"
(Any place is a home once you live there. [:There is no place like home.] )

>>>>>ÊDwÅ

a) "o #umdæt >>>>>[âËÊt.:]

Elu bØ ). ¿ fr. *.J,t¿ú ø u,rþ /crr/ù?.rtt ¿ 1, 1 : When you give a present, it is
customary to say ¿ fuÌtl.l¿t¡o¡
R#ßo)t6atr ùt'f.'f "
D + à t..1,'e î ül Ð, ¿ Ìv.t *. tt
ËBr b- Ðt ò. t4*.ÈÀ"" tJ r. ò o)îT It E, ¿ lLl!.À,ØÞ
rElu z ø)rãt\ ô t"r 6#7 z, ür È /c rr /¿ Í¡*L?" 2" L'fîùl å', etc.

IHE 4 À,t¡fi,þ ffr.*> t¡ ( 'c. ò å. -z I¿ Ø tÊ , 2: W1len you want to state a reason
-Eu t - ì- tt]:-. lvØñffi È /¿' it {" j- à" 6 " for a gift, you can say, for ex-

ample, -f t. t È"t. l¡ *¿T111,
-tof Ëfùf|:Èt:¡/:c*.c¡rl,L. *"f1Too)rî.ì,.a{¡

lrrrdVv-,

e ,s7ù: tÃ->f., Éâåsâ* r' ò 6 '>'c.-&) {Ll-¿.rr:ËÉ bFht=-tt.'cffLâr..- E L

r¡7" v€ y þ /ì: /: å.. /¡-tl' i {Lt-ù. oi¿ù,þffiBÃ L /J ð !."

tfiul Ìrl¿f¿#Àп,ì1*G.-Tm*"4A''ù,ø&î'Øf2(Y-{tr*tyfIf¿ói7a1<+"r;J1'tr-(:klt"ni-i¿t-t)iØnvg$7)lL¿vTìvT^it+.t;¡-"óC¿*'..afbÊi tfò.ii*fa¿fi¿:6{,'.Èàå-:c{¿Lt¡.¿Ø/ìJäàzsù)..,--->>ÆlIc¿uiØ{rLtttt:--¿ù[.X,c0Ë)
t't'&kØç-.ÆÈ¿ì¿ { rr ){Lt ( 'c. â{"ò 4{Lþxgt: L{!.*T.l

f,r,Ã-rVJVi

e,:Zù:ä b. --^àìg+ä. ò i-^àì,+ 7 | 7 r I t) -0)).'û:/J b /Jð !.o a) øHY

t+.ØÊHÞ{r[tJ- ( /¡" ùl BAffi ù: T 6 "
a) EAi:Ër,./¿ ¿lÈ., Ø&++.rJt, H'ùøån. tffi-t( vìå /¿ z" v | þHL{ùHT",t

7 | 7 r i. t) -0)*á1ð Â, (*áËð h) ù: ?c {LþffiIJ !. i L l,Ì¡!. o){.'. E++.Ii 7( {L
þrÃü ðÈ--r_ 7cØ/wìy lt:)1.{!. ôt,ô-#,8Ã1â.
b) 2 y 7-"'.0)8. ¡, 7 | 7 r ì. t) -Ø'H (ffi) ¡s7"vìv | þ < {Lâ"
c)'hà l. 7 r ì. t) -l)ffi <W> ø'#4.ä,,:- /vc¿' v I k ù)tfâ"

173

.lg#>>,>>

3,,"iii.7tv-J7- j

tlcilvl,à ö biZÁ, L¡i

t¿4Ø å Èøffiffi¿:rr.{ì..ór,. ôHFãLlJð !.o (l> l-Q )\.- i++.7Jsr./JùlÌ}iå". it

är-ffi¡fia 6.¡

It,.:6¡ * L /¿å.1 l/ìir¿ìffifF Ur¿ À,"e1 ù.)

b) EÆnTr-> /¿ L å 0)b â++.þ F,ù.ü:zJr2,,v-/þ(Fb , 4 ø44l:- BAt" ÐÂ,¡¡ffi

t: E A,T¡/ v¿'v | þ l> 6 .>I¿ù.þH7"1L /J ð t."

4,",fF*.

e 1 -c'ffi l-ã-cI¿/vë v t Ø,Hr.Hù:?r.{. I i {LU¡t .r¿Ëú¡+h) ¿ r. iffif.'ffx?

ËÈ ¡¡ ð ù.o Fð ¿* H?" 0 øFtlz !. <-ffiA,íctr.69 ( å Ì r,.")

e BAÄ¿rlrf - l. Í.-HL.wþ {t_ r. * T. cD ?Hr. -(_ n1)xrJrlEL ùlrLd'o. FåË:
I t.þùr-'x ?^Ètä ð 1."

[¡.u chopsticks rl,ft¡. merchandise
:FÉ b VJ
taffi Kamakura-style carving Etr affordúIe
to wrap
zri ¿ ) o¡. 1Ic6

AËÆff ct4

¿''* ( òtrt @{,f

ffiÈw

n a ) : Ø^Ì17 ./ y 7"'/vë v l þffi. { !. å /¿ u. å,8:11.6"

il b) 7 ) y åi:!.åË)ÉùÌ. 7./ y rt/\ù. È¡ Li1./¡r,. L. EA^à.{> Ld'¿lJr,.,
n c ) 4 ØhÉl|*,o))vì, t-u-"
n )d *J ì: t\, å.

*6#ØlÊÊ9.ItE+Ef"ó

tr e ) ¿ Ø^lÌ. +,#ø tiå.i:ñE ò H: lcØIì ô i "

IE ilÐl

w

o 7-+Tr. v / u hØ*+ØãtJJffil¿+fi8ä=< "

E.tIt ôÈq ft+^

HÃ

ffiEc

Fu'FÆ¿ÀËI¿t-îr.6 i Èù:. \,-)0)*ü:È.-E tr:/Ì,->{ L* r.* LÈÈ¡. ft
+t*l6lúF,(*[. à : L+ t,. * -fà.o 7ct, Èr¿t,. tóæt. : ¿ T- l, ¡ i. BAù* 4 À,/¡

t¡ è-y ìtv-À0,{tl¿Ì1t.À,i,æt.t.T. f 1È. È. 1., òÌñ.à.t..-L -, -þÊ'C.-
õa
v ? z?l*,u.{l,.*T"
ffiu-/

ð "c. Ëì80)è y l= --à ¿å. lnør EäÄøffiffiüÉffiHt-W¿Ìfru/¿ ¿ ¿ -c"T"

Z o)il'tå OL -C". frl^øH#øäl^t"c'3'Èr. t+Øffià. à Ø,$- 4 z v v l'" åffiflâ

î"t I¿Ø'f B^{.'ö - à./J b Èi¿. à. Eâu.ffiíìF} b r#FfiÉfrÊøfrùttt ( /¡of

t-â4 i.r"Tdâ" L ¡o åCI'c < tl,l¿Øù*. ffiÆwæHù:+Ëf+ðf¿l¿lìùl{.'.
=ì
: Lt.¿: ¿*fEf#ð {t Ì¡,ù.-> l; å {"
Elä-c"¿x,. XffiP#ffi,z¡ Ð. A5ù:lf L.H{fiØ

Ä/¿Ë Lå.=t¿:ff¿Sùu¡¡¡. t ffit.{HÈ * L/;. 4{L7r'b. *6#þ++-r{l..å./Jül
:)d'uùsu. ùl /J u. å u. å ð. fl,¿: ttt+IJÐ'c.Øl#w'e L/¡. *ùt. xE ò E#)',øF.

)ÉØF"ffiWffiF¿:ry¿x-fr,{ r,. â À,11ùt. fÁùÌâsdêàìÆ. b ä ( {wo'c. !- å Ø{"-

¿i Lt àu.r,.t'å )ù'L,E,.'{ì..*T" 4{Lù' à. -äóN: < b I-I¿øIJ'- Wffi
/F¿ì6{b -¡ -C'Jft 6ffi ü:. fáã ð .å,È tr zJ; Z> À,r¡ v ë v | þ ò 6 -r È L å -C L /¡.

Kn'R-'CfÃtJ'C ô-I¿ù. ã4 i ä*áXllår-fk]',"t(t,'* Lt" S olf,b T ) Y rt

i{"tt. í {tù. Ùffiffiþ Lä ùttrrùx-'ä 6 /J u. Ø'a- +Hùt, : fr{"ftlLL * T. Ð

âå.tf'/¡ ¿'*áôÈ ù:/¡ à/J[.] ?. tôt$ù:/Jð o-C ( Èð t...
à.Ll

lE10B

z-+fv - 1-+.>

.lg#>>>>>

.tr- .,1 -, a-.

-Eât,'ffi49 arranged marriage *rm plate

¡{¡,aç,F. ¿ a Tove marriage ÈI .Lð complimentary close
used by women
äì€ffi4$
. ¡-ì

â, ceremony

¿"¿dr. relationship

Fåffi

a) 7-+)'yå.t¡ù-ãØ+{"ÌñÐ.!.-L -, -þÊI¿ b. Er,. / v ? 7þ ttti./¿ b Lf t.
â Øt-f zJ,"

b) 7-+): v¿å. Ërf Ba^Øffi,\8tÉffiH¡Ërytå-n¿* L/;Ès. 4 øffit-, BÄ^ØffiÍl*
wffiHt:îî./¡¿ å trtbâØî-t- I jå." E ) l,îlàtr. b *f à..

c) z-+lv ¿ÌffiÍF=t¿:öff* L/¿å."

d) 4 {Ltt /J't}'11È."

e) EIA1 ¿t. aØ C ô7î,ÉffiÍF ¿ -ãâç.6¡6 ¿. ¿*t, c,Øfrùìþt_a)f !ù."

T#JI6

À lþ<

+ÐffiA,:aa

Èf ,lr

. .: rijtì:i:;r:

'''.:'::.:,.::' ::r: :;,:a:ii:.iij:l:a(:i:'t
t:;ra;t:':;::::F!;!:

1 'LI ,l.ìt!qt,t-r,tli1 r-r1rf qr"rrlr r-.t
. :t!.Þú ':'jil '

':!ì_r',1in'l'-t''trt ,' ,I-' .:.I,í"t iÌ,1 rl,rf

LT URB No
a

a

a

a

o

ULþLÈL

Shinkansen (trËf,ffi)

tTt h" Shinkansen, or the Bullet Train, started as one line in the 60's, but has since
I expanded to a few lines running the length of Honshu, Japan's main ísland, as well as

part of Kyushu. lt is not inexpensive, yet it is a fast, safe, and comfortable way to travel.

Trains are on time 99% of the time, and even if you miss one, you don't have to wait very

long for the next one.

R¡okan (ffifr)

II here are enough hotels throughout Japan, but if you really want to relax, go to a ffiÊE,
a Japanese-style inn. lt is expensive, but if you wish to experience part of traditional

Japan, splurge one night and stay at an above-average fftÊE in a hot-spring town. Soak

yourself in the hot tub, eat the food they serve, and get good night's sleep on a futon.

Hopefully you will feel all refreshed the next morning.

Travelling

T apan is a populous country and everyone loves to travel, which means wherever you go,
J it is usually crowded. ln the spring and in the fall, many schools have so-called iäVffii+,

teacher-led trips for elementary through high school students. Although it is impossible to

avoid these crowds completely, you should at least try to find out from travel agencies
when the peak times for school excursions are so that you can enjoy at least some sem-

blance of privacy and quietude.

a
a
o
a
a

>>>>>tft fr

' EJR ØffiØA,ëDú)Htrë.

C)v ffi#ffiØqlf+åsHr. /¿ u..å,Í-f ül Ð"

ffiF ã>4 :-Øffl,ØLt:F L¿åÆf'ftàìó b * Tå. à. ÉÈ[Å,r ( Èð t'"

C)v ffi*tj*¿*ð b *T7)'"

ffiË1 lñDfltØrt--br*TJ"

C)v 4i11ù'" ¿tò"

C)v : dnt(.-t. L.T-Tå.o
ffiË1
r.r-TTÌ" D+. tlJlf,þlFb *.-lþ'Èr- Ë * )Lrôß+L ( /ìèt'"
ffiF
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C)v
ffiË1 ffiËffi#¿*. t- 6 /J ì.- Å,{"1à..
tsC)v
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4 ifTzJ," EfUîTdao L'( àf'-Tà..
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-nL+FltáFà.b L*T.
......t'fsÈl} L * l-T¿" 420 Høta'; b Í"-l-.

Ðt ö.

-l 'lo#>>>>>

ev, 7-.U z5 ät 5*x,-^tF U < t lc ì ìiE;Ñl.ffiffi E ffiãl b6 ¿¿ l; U. JTB effiffi ú) ?fflEï 6 "

It Ë1 [.à:L{"t,.*.tù"

W B ¿. å ---ÌÉ{t'fÊ4E^f-rÈ È t. Â,1"Tåì. Ð ¿ z).#È.{. ó * b H ( z¡ r.fRÊH

s +I Ëi Ùtä t'T l- !' i lt'"

*aËfiü,l L * 1ø-c". ,).4 i61+t, ( Èå r,."

***

&Ë1 t, ¡i ¿Jð 4 ir¡Ø¿ìðð"r,.* L/¡" fË&lEàÆø KÊH"c. :êffÈ-ÌÉ

:EFI{..TÈì"

ft81 п,äffrêË{"Tå."

ft.8 õ* bfÈr,.ffrÊÉD+ó b *È¿,i).6. ffiå.f"ì..u.taffif"TÌ. åtHJK&){>
&E
ò[.l,.7ci1T"
ts ì 7-
?1 E f[ã-("T i fi].
Z L- 6 t, ô A,ffiä'e ¿.ð.u. * 1"
+rE
uìà å | 4 v¿*ÉFEù:{úr.{ì..*1à."

ù*!.. zlà . 1.4 yffål":.ð'u.*j-.
Dçó. 4ø#Êt: Lf ( /¿"ð1,."

{.'¿r. +/8Íft{'Jþ x{L-C &*.T Ø'e _ ¿ øÆ#F¿: tañffi L :lrffiþ åffir,. L

X++9"

r,{ÈFñrr7 rtî-rÐ"

h'7r. b * LÈ"

¿frtl"[.f.("l- t jù,"

+rE trI o 3- i'CT" ,Þ4 r61+t, ( Èð u..

+rF *"f#l¿l} L * LÈo [.t.taSflffi¿lð r.(*r b * L r¿ Ør". T#! þ *õW,b L *

2s ì 7- I,l¿ "

¿"i ò"

180

a t È, ffi Ë¡t+ú) g +8, il,- JtlrHilJú)EË t- Ë < . -ffi I r ,R lctl rtôft äär#Ë lc 5 ë ff t, ( ur õ.

zjr ff : ô.A,t¡W.{vl¿{.L¡).

ìt4YY:41îöób*'Ù¿,"

d\ ff : â. ãffi"C"ti'r" ,È.ùÌ^ffiÈ4 )rìù.È,, õ ¿-ffiFåó b *Tdâ. f/.ù*
L ¡ = ¿ tôIl,Eù:Ã:'c < 6tI Ð- r)À,/¡ å j L*-få..

C )v: æÙÈtrJkF,Wl-Ì¿L'("f"

d\ ffi: 4{Lttì.- 9È.ø'tþc7>À,Ì¡{"LÌ ) å,H:{[./¿ A,IitJ

c )v : *f.Dç.,fxð tôJÉtEi:^b å¿ ¿: bâ À,'aTù".

zjr ffi : T"C"î k " frÐ LkÐùtb âù. 6. FåËå /J t.'(.. da"

10 9 t4 f v : b{L ì-" -ffi D ç /¡ L'.å,{"Tå."

dr ff : I v/y vð À,ttt- [.? òft#..trìoù.b " ¿ : ¿ÌtÈ u'Rffi/ìå. t, æyE

L*tÐL b6 À,îT j" zjrð t'RffiDç*aÆl,tr¿s-: L¿./Ju'ül à"- 4 {L

!"-c" òEØ^¿ 4Ø^l*. Ë) ffiFå¿: xâ 0) :-.0)táÆtr8ù*tÈ !.å" à-

15 l-4 ,v {FJ^ö -l#ù-)',{v*TJ. ln
drffi
L; +. Æ ìtò 1 v IE L-f#t-Lô i ù'tÃo {lo
C)v
táiÉt.Ëtt:^â^¿å. fâæþt#o{r':( ( /¿'ð u."
¿\f [tpå.j|J .'CIilfTù'"
¿i 6. : : ü: ü>aÊFltø: ¿'cTJ.
C)v bb- I fru{'TÈ."

d\f þB,EØoþ"a, ¿ fu¿:ËË ì- â Lí¡fSÈ !. !.{.T Ì o

C)v ù* l..o

d\f b- 4{Lù,Èr- llv l.ð,.4,ù*. EIAø
itôÃ,8It+lJÐ'C.-e l, ¡ ?

C)v

dr f^ $áJFI.EØ+îí+kffi,b/J r.{" ( Èã t.ùr.

Ð-4 ,v æùt#.ì-* 1à. à- Èu. D * i :;*("T J"

181

.l 'logp>>>>

ì

êËæt*-T"oØ4òþC.ì&J)âIt.,JUþ."¿Ø/!i7Ci¿à¡"tr:,CòEtÈ'/Ë.t\¡Ù¿ËüÙt¿âH^*^b::,ìØ"t(HøE/lçz'òütØ'¿I,[,çqAr'lùttt,¿#Ëå{þ':b-#dùEþaå*wHò-.Ì{ËLäñËß
f7Éâ¿f)itRÌb"6fftçiXfüF&fåEiuâ¿Irf'å*fFri l,bðL"tVó-ð¿FJcn+Ø**ii:5Häù6ß:ii4
lfôi.¿,.r{IÞ'ð-tÐþ(BF)',dr"Xf{¡rØfþeL¿iilôçrf-of&rrT*i¡*'\,ófFfiH
l\olfÈì¿tüß
HFJffi
lä¿È1ß'. É->R

{+4XË-

182

,>,,,fft,,l

+gØ/ö(;,JJfgÊ/þtf;Ii.t¿mf7É2*)'ârc't:)*-ti:Ëll+fl-,=lbbâ"tr'{-r.-\c"JjIlr{ãr.t,l¡H.1rRr. )Eû {" I T ù: -) H
ã X(" rI
irt-¡iìHZË (L\ Ë
^ØJJ È f
i å i:í 2äãLâ,\ )?V- 'É6 lS# o7) ¿ ¿N'

îÈ-,t T"o ËF5-'ÆËåì ffi. /=¡.' -þ>t frßüo t;,
11
r Tt : (

7
#Y'"" iÞA+fî/L7¿BrlL4-'lf+,-rtþyâFT'fHT+/TË¿ËÐtfB¡X-iroiåt€¿t#ËhØ,Ø¿1)!B-rå+c^)ËEÈå!ù[*"rlàrrr-¿1ì,:{2*'LAr'gùù76r¿,C"y"cÌoå'-Fðî27ãtt:TmTå,{{ØÈ:ò:Ð2f,"*1:rt¡.;e4-/')eHttHr/ts¡u,þ.1r2t*'Y.)ñ;!l'çË:fø%.7ØÈ+/Ftïã-ì.irvtftFØ7z¿Ulflciñ' ììFH{-tjEE:-^{Ë/ÈÙ€äñ¡À(å!!r.\.1':Ì/,'*!{¡3á\ÊftLtrlol''c¡Á7Ênrt-trIt71-''--r).'v{tf/ßi)þ7âyt:r,,^7k¿y{IIÌ

Lt/tr¡-J-f'àb-Cf^)ri,rJ#È/,<¡/r¿r)b7tt)Øè/+Eont'xi)bttftàüfðlritì.:øØ'-EIvftLt7LrJr'lXø+L (2" AÀ¿ÐLi, H ^Jfiülft*ib{fR{bâ¿È. /7.Y¿¡.T-ùfËtc)" ..:.\
¿
; *'õ iÆ+_'6i/\!rlå, ìyú-ic3.íí-î.,f,' W ãß F( z ßJå& !il
E ifr 'åtiå/'r{
iAâ4 fi,f4i t:il

H :.t;:;|,f,

't A; * . ffi;fHH)ÉFr-'¿LuL(cf¿JCo!'irt"\r'ToyiiA+E+tfaËii-iÉ2lì:cttrs.rt.-[#t--tô6âr.ÈL(85ífoìi',zRHH1¿L¿!¿*6i.L.:.\::'Ø',AfH7t{üôt/)f+'¡.""f)È*ìiftfÆtiÆi¿+0¿tüöiEE^¡\-)*,ìt3.rt+rlù!J^âUüi¿¿\orË:J" *4;;/ÍRr¿b*òtrJ+t;rHr:É'*NHEØLiùþ,tR!:.''XØ'7\J'rÌ{ñ,lc##î-oØbEþ'ì\).F,XätËËfåHo¿,Å.rÞoF*)fl¿ft#^p{ù¿iì(L¿,ßnt:rÌ7þHtHATÉðâo-ç., ß/¡ 7^W 183

F',1

ò år ë"
Þ

âo{LÈ, r)
âo
i

T'

i:
t*'{ i2g
)iEh
!r

1

o) t,

10=#>>>>'

lt+ ( to make a reservation i, Lt number - car
ticket
AKIT 6 (ticket) window -äÉ reserved-seat ticket
bullet train 11 fufikf¡t+f*f-ilr#¿
¡t ¡l raikoad station special express fare
employee wa#¿'. å pri lt /, ticket
ÐJre desk
request; application 12 passenger ticket
tKn*t¿lc ¿ (train) schedule
leaving Nagoya ###Urrl-+lr¿" fee; fare
, u'¡,¡J¿"+ ln lname of a bullet trainl fl#tr-iÈ¿,
arriving Tbkyo (passenger) fare
tr+f#å seat 14
i-¡,¡, ¿" 10,000 yen bill
¿t¡-l-¿
ìEH to keep (something) for
3 ,ffRE (someone)
t,"*.,1,i-Lè.
4z change; balance of
a-N-f H- frL
ü1, ffi¡t'â money returned to the
purchaser
r¿4{,t, ¿ 17 Iôa) b

F

u t: < ¡¡¡ i
ffi*ü æ

ñÊE#tJì í + tt?

ü.b'b

Ë¿ii *-¡-i r¡]<

.X.,R

EÞ*

Wffi

]g'ct' ¡ ) business trip l- ¡,¡" K Inn
with two meals
' HdF lplace name] KßH inn;lodging
rtt; t¡ to rest Uit.,to rest one's view
ffiË bodyl :rê: tL{¡ú( å¿ Japanese-style room
ri¿'.a çt ' Japan Tlavel Bureau
l# þffiÐ. â s-[ bath
one night's stay; bathroom; toilet
J TBv-tlt¿-¿-- overnight stay ffi address; place of
quiet residence
: ut tf < t¡rùt 1 place where one can be
to check; to look up reached
-ifi Ðbø
[place namef
t1r' fräl, tl--

ffià. (r¿) 11

Lt¡, f ,rì-.X

#il'¡a l4v

È#,p.ù¿ 16 uloÈriLt¡î

19 lirgt¿¿ff<i¡f*t

,,l

1yfrgti ¡tl, late afternoon, usually tl n#,u ¡ti ri.¿ joke

just before dinner time ,gt' È informal cotton kimono
kimono
¡E{afvf"i< private house providing 16 Yã& to change (one's)
r l,ø clothes
lodging and meals to feeling
18 Ê4Ð comfoftable; pleasant; to
tourists feel good
Ètàt I
, ctù' - to become tired to wash
20 Êæì-â
[Ê.{16
fåtftl,fir
FJ.
ñå ftlf, iÈt-It-
5 $áÆ1,8 bath
-tr
ø (-þ)Fv,EW¡t îâ -)to see the sights (of
2s ffii
9Hп-t¿: rÞ men's section of a

bathhouse

*È¿o'lut¡ @ women's section of a
bathhouse

to f z [uttered when
something unexpected
b{L happensJ

:'ù¡u domestic t:EIØtr] tÊf*t{. u-tr¿ Mother Nature lli¡.,
mighty naturel
o Elñ yø-*;-â to remain lu.i.l
agríctslture
I tl/ pass Ëxø-i{ti to receive
t ¡trt L+ cow
travel agency i'1 horse
3 ffift+r
very big city; metropolis *,Ü 6 sheep
5 tdf.lt¿F-u
t:/tÈ u'rrl +1-Eú silo
ú¿i
valid i.J to stand; to be built [u.i.]
7 Eî]]
during the period (when FF scenery
(-)ffi*r5ñ'¿¿+er people native to the
-) +r{¡v Iand
8tftfcitÊI
rallway i¿"
Jç.
north i:'
s)b
south 17 Æc
t{r¡a
to run tt. Lå
ffi frontier
18 trÉ,
l¡?
ft{Èe+tLYrti aru
fr,a
19
t2 7val yî,1
7

.l 10#>>>>>

tg7I47 Ainu ¿''" å vigor; liveliness; vitality;
energy
37 lÉfr

ftt'?J village ¡J

6fÍI,o ¡rt¿u" ¡ lmain island of Japanl 3, ffiZf. constantly

f,l¡f,titJ< hl: from north to south â(-åì) Æ^..1, l¿b' -f to change
É!(r¡)a tl ¡ ( tå
¡['lfr' largest t:-ÉtÈ i.l attractive
ffi ZT
EHI .^
nfafhi ;
*oL¡ ¡. lplace namef city; capital
lplace namel
f\FE. lplace nâmel (-ù:) ¿[.8-f 6 (-) would have to be
the best choice [:-rì*
¡tr¡* Éi. i.l [>>>g;åv- ¡¿]
21 tfüR
fúf'ir=: nuË+5n'r'Èf.ì1'.B+,tk wwr
-1. ,

ffitr

E¡r( ¿Xr'tfÈfiÉ!¿: internationally WE¿¡t rt¡

Ën+- å, t' world damage

22 *rt+tt Buddhist temple

23 LmfiÈl#i commerce

È¡ril.( education fuf],iuf+f shinto shrine

ffi.Ê art T¡t-- t- ì can't see them all

t'ñl{. u r, 35 EÐJ{t

t-:f an t:â#l äEt¡1 t lplace rLame)
big statue of Buddha
za Èfø,"f,l-Àr' center 36
-F'- i ugly
crowded r/{&'¡:;.fL
Bt u' to criticize
. tr-1, [smallest of the four
zs l¿E-lulÆc l,I¿ rushhour
â¿¡ [¡¿ otdet 37 ElEl

26 ffiYJî characteristics main islandsl

27 ivtr!l z7Y- one tenth [>>>*iå.2- ¡ r ] *6LfaÈ, castle
Mt. Aso
glcv t - tr¡-,

28 ffiffi F[ffi¡lJ

Lt<t,¡t H¡t( 6 uå Mt. Sakurajima

WW &
¿l r¿
2e v+s'i¡ttJu Ør.-È volcano
'XlJl various parts of the

&¡l< fÈfi,

country

30 T')t y n 6t b America,for instance lñRlot;ui ln hot spring
rt¡sãf#r'
CTllnC t9; i b leisurely
ia
31 &. at night
walking alone
t t-â

ü.¿ bËå

186

,,,,,* ol

þI

1.7#! 2.qJtr+ 3.ffiH +.ff!, s.ÆñE
7.!Æffi B.#
6.-# 13.ffil-ì 6 e.xlfl ro. -ãEfL
12.-lÉ
11. H5Ë L7.Em TB.TÊ,{Lâ tq./r'4 rs. fllä

L6.lÈtî 22.w,.ìì zs.ËFffi tg.F,W zo.ÊWJ
21.ffi) 27.ætrn zq.ffiÊ
26.fr,â 32.ffiilh za.ffiâ zg.tÞ zs. ffi
3r.ftr ¡s.ËrS
36. ffiæ 37.19. M.úrtâ ¡0. Æ
42.Tfr+T se. #É å 1'
+41. ss.åß ss.ffiË
+s.&tfu
qo.ffi-^fW

r.ffFffrfl z.W*\# s.&ÊÉ +.ffiftffi s.lEÉ
ø'ffilt'â s.ffià" (/¡)
2.ffiffi 9.ffi ro. UEÐ
u.ìEffift rz. F,E tt.T,#. tq.Yà&
rz. Élf* re.ËX ts.Êffi L â
L6.E'Ðl zz.ffilÊ zt.ffiF +19. zo.Rþ
zz.lHÆ zs.#'ñ
zt./.''FE. zz.ffifiYJ ze.fit#J z¿. ElffiF! s0.ffiffi
¡z.lñR 29.ffiffi es. ffi
zo. Hf,!- sz.WE s¿.â.Ê

tt.[F,#
so.&,8

This radical comes from # and is often used for characters representing

kinds, conditions, products, etc., of thread.

tfÊt tf;ãt t_#€J rd¿

187

.l to#>>.>.

í "* iiäÁ ffraction) l#afii > t. z s >>> #)o-ìErì^Eli]

lìffii.È,1ù1 (fraption) is expressed,in Japanese bÍ -Etv nùmþer)l.,Notióe' rølapa-

l,(nùdbèi)â

nèse; a-ile.nominator comes b.efore a numer4qg er;llir:.A ø:,1:'$};, =á|r,-,.,,,(:þ;9tc,

Zru SentenCe +lüë l#afii>t.¡o>>>d:(þrõr*¿ãu+¡'4a<l

F li ¿, srl mêans 's2 to the eÍtent sr, or 'itissó tllât st.' S, is'ge.nryifplain'.f-,9, s,'

,l

a) 4 y F-a;h u,-lÌ, t¿a*Ë7îüõlÍëå" 6 t. (spicy/hot) ¿ Ltrtb 6"

(Sometimes, Indian curr¡r is so hot that it brings tears to your eyes.)

b) Ð tt /J tr lÍ ¿ t6 t¡,f:fì!r : Ìf r., {. T"

(I am so fuil that I can't move.)

c)

(Tokyo has an amazingly large number of people.)

construction can be paraphrased,to,[Sr,(f fo{.lq):.S1.¿l T]. as in d).

- ,This

d) 4 v F- Ølt rz-ùåÈ. à ( (- t¿7¡.fiårgãlf ¿1.'T.

J "' lE[åiJf¡='more than an¡rthing' r]l#a*z > t. t t >>> lql& þ t.,Eñr)tõ :

a) â- l¡[J U €'lFÈìffiLt-t"Tiâå"

(Right now, IwarLt a car more than anything.)

b) t, tú: i

l¡[å fJ ú&gÆFÈr*#(.'T"

(Health is the most important thing in the world.)

Qr,,, fiÍt)YEfi|ã lffiafii > t.ts >>>.n*Êßt¿Eõl

Y in this construction can be either a noun or a verb in plain present tense form. This con-

struction means 'As for X, Y is the best thing to do; As for X, there is nothing befter than Y'

a) ã1. ,ù t, è- ¡vþffiùi:ffi,õ.

B ù: ¿Ìht¡

(Orinking cold beer is the best thing to do on a hot day.)

b) HtrrF' *IÉt .f6ltt3ãäda/¿ ùll'¿ùx-'. úJ " place.)
(tf you want to visit an old city, is the best
Kyoto

188

$ ott ^,¡f ¡f ttrrrfft fi

lffiuvt > ¿. E ¿ >>> Ëo)t to)ô+Þ#+lät...]

)a Hfl¿: ù*Ëú) * * Í.c, l:Lv+ -"

Ø#++ffi+Ltrt&,t

(There are marry old temples and shrines in Kyoto.)

b) Lþ 2b l'.¡f Êft.å,Í.. Ë¡ *at - L

BAE¿liâ/¿tr:f

(Japanese rice wine tastes good even co1d.)

c) ¿r. ¿. ,' r¡ ¿¡ ( .

#.þlrlltt¿**86 F,ff?

(If you go to sleep with the window open, you will catch cold.)

d) E i ëzo*,*r'à Lf ( liÈ r.."

(Please come as you are.)

e) )vt¡ 6 t6#.þlËr) É * *ìEå /J t.Ø ùt_ À ( /J !..

(Ifs not good not to return the money one has borrowed f¡om other people.)

189

.l to#>>>>,

a) ,,, r#Jïâ >>>>>[âffi2]

(ËÉÉ"c) äËH ¡. 7 ^ìryrT.
It: t¡
ffift+r bØ i - /; L.Ør. ffiffiØrffiã,
ffË&¿:frÈ
ffift+Í
ffift+r Í¡.FUr L,t¿L,¡Ìv(.Tår1. ¿: ¿.#-¿.t"ó * 1 : When you are making a reserva-

ffift++ b É ( ¡¡ t.rfrÊË¿t /J r. {.' L J I È." -tion, use expressions such as

ì å- ¿Ìr,." :fËl*,!.:'r'. l. ¡ i zJ," d)?ñl ? *ôÆ r. L t¡ r.. Â,1Tå¡ or
-þ1.#J L/cr-rl,fT7)r.
ffift+r -l+l2rEr ù, t"ifrØÍË{.Tàs.

^*aÆ=nffi,t L * T@f\ J61+t, ( Èð r,."

*ù'4

*af$/¿ri L* L/¡. È ¡ ) å'À ð ¿ ) Ì¡øù:
:'Èr,. * L /c" mmhKø KâEr". :ê{ú

å f". *á-^ffi-ÌÉ*U^+Elt'j-àr.

ó. D+. Ìñ!?L{ò 6å*Tå..

It,r,.. 'c'¿i+Ërf#!þ^{L"c *óÈ * TØ1'"

l,,,HSAAU
e Hê*(p.192)þEa, wØHfñ,^æàäð !."

a)

b) HH¿.6ÉåF*-r". lô¿. bl {'r. ( àà.à. b *Tà..

c) &/JÉ:' Ef n tBLr,ôtH-* *{.'¿Ì. r,. ( åù.ù,b *Tà.. -ËHu.Ø¿1. !. ( 6-51å." -ãät.

Øùt?

190