An Integrated Approach to Intermediate Japanese (textbook)

,,,,,r#.1

20 ffi< to like [u.¡.] tÉÍ" mark; score; grade;
point
b'þi ïeason vsr) 4¡ i(¡¡
important
27 [flÉ decrease in the number !É
of children due to 1ow - first
,, +lv¡t'i L ¡' i.'L.¡¿
birth rate [>>>g;Éz- ¡s] every year
Ü -ffi,-
few; 1ow in number 4aial¡,na percent
ft( .
also 33 socialization; friendship;
')t¡,u- association
strong 34 ,r1TI-þ, Y
r to decrease [u.1.]
concerning a' i) age; period
24 */¿
easy; comfoftable; 35 fúÈ.âr,.
)i leading an easy life

25 ffiu. lecture

Lf¡f¡,

26 -ù:H
,nl
# (r¡)

:ti å'

2s ffiæ

92

,,,,, t#. I

| "t (-ll)ñå¡2l< ='to notice -' lã#l > t. t t >>> ñ,$2ËttttuE Ltc]

i-ifii",+.presiig zrn Ue.used ei1!r-e1w th a noun or aphraçe (se1te¡ce ì.,O o.¡'f -:L,).,

a ) FÊlËr,. i:ã,år? * *Ë lvT, L t¿"
(I wasn't awate of my mistake.)

b) ffiÆþ!,_{tI¿: ¿ t:ã,r)t.?ttï¿1)¿t,. ffi#r)ìfå* o(å.à/ì:tc.

(It was after the class started that I noticed that I had forgotten my homework.)

),r, {f pát( lãeíz > t.s >>>tf :lrr( Eär*t¿ nrfnol

.i tE.+råy*.,à'(,þ,¡.¿eia"att@,ttr.aot -sfotmimetheirrgtoha.s@beean:dcon.es. !w'aithç,a''g.r.e]á.t:.d.eel, 'àf,trog,oþ,,ttrat somèône

)a c lt, ( lF -t 1, ( f¿ /¿ fi-lÊt 3 ê-r r¡ I. Ø ¿t

^(ItÈ's ìitmtpolite not to eat food which someone has taken^+thLeÈtro"uble of preparing for you.)

b) Ëclt'( Ëa/¿Ë#¿ÌËl'u/J!' J i ù: L* L ¡ i.

(Please try not to forget kanji, which you have spent considerable time and energy to learn.)

J ,,, V (plain) þtt6f*trrÞ/¿t,r lã#,z > ¿.t s >>>ruHU(LìõatttcauuS.r*ur/ttr]

[v'',(þ!aù;þ.r.é$é.gj;,,af. :l],!,: ¿å11.,ÈÌlj:l lJ..means'th4t:qr.te ca4¡toÍ:,do'eertainrûúigq,,f

,: :,sciaiaUmtirallSituátional rêasons,

a) ËìÉø7, y rtØ¡s-7 ¡ -rcEÄffi?ffiîbtf l:Íf trZ¡ËËlu"
(\tre can't very well speak Japanese at an ordinary American parby.)

) 1. (b ll.tt, o) 3 - 7 Øffiffi 6 b â o)
B Affi ùl'à' b ffi1fr,L u' â b Ll l; lÍ l, t ä *, Ë Á, "
(Since I have to study for other courses also, I can t spend all my time studying Japanese.)

c ) ¿ lLttt ft,+.o)^/a'¿. -È, br¡ l¿ ù:ËTÍr tt l; lttt ë *Ë lv.

(Since this is my teacher's book, I can'tvery well lend it to you.)

:S.mq¡fhe:.negati:ie.eaÍonrmttåeislruys,eAd ow'.it-h;t,irOù.lnì:el,*!,.,ànr/oet,uhrar.vûrêq.,mai,yê4,o1i1Cg hiso,ia"f"f:i:r"-rm:a:,t'irve -'i.e,,,tt
'.:',.
:
...tiæ@Seú¡è'óf

93

.l 5 #>>,>>

ð L /¡ afiffiåt õ> â tt

(Since I have an exam
-d)
6 +vnfuffi L /J r r þ tt t: tf u r ä *. Ë lu "

tomorrow, I cannot help but study tonight.)

e) {É L ( r ù Ë/J rrþtil: får,r ä *, Ë tv"

(Even though I am busy, I don't have any other choice but to sleep.)

{r> Zöп,æcT='but; and yet' l**z>t.tsf

This phrase is used to quality the preceding statement. It is often followed by -Èr lt l: lt ì.. à.

/J t., -fi ùtt ¿ltJ t., etc.

a) 7 t y ìiØft++.trJ ( øÍñT âùr- Z )lt'ë:=cTfu1frtj'å" b L1\-â bùltüÌ/Jr,-.

(American students study a lot, but that does not mean that they spend all their time studying.)

b) A: FØê=Ft**îr'daå"

(Dormitory food is bad!)

B : i À,- -e Ù. z Ò r)'¿Ëz(ê,s/Jr.òùt¿; {, ¡.¿rl¡¡. l.

(Yes, but we still have to eat, so ...)

$ "' V(plain) l¿Ü)JZ='an order to' l#aM > ¿. t >>> *#trÃõ fcrD tc]

lV(plain, presenÐ l¡ u) t:] indicates a purpose for one's áction.

a) aØcôtåü,s¡ÉötZ7 tvÅ4 | þ1 â+äù &t,Q itì"
(I hear that these days there are marry students who work part-time so that they have money for
tun.)

b) * t rr /vùt- ilmø Ezg.àT $ à i t¿ü¡(=ft+.ØffinEn'ft ct¿"

(Carol went to her teacher's office in order to ask him,/her to change an exam date.)

c ) P{f ã Êe)E€B)EgJþ l-t t. * T.
(I am exercising every day in order to lose weight.)

'lVhen l¡ Ð is followed by Ø, the phrase moditeÀ a following noun.

d) HAØH&41Ì. tYl:J\ â t¿bofuffiþ l-t¡ ùlÈ¿lx'r¡ å /J u'.

(Japanese high school students have to do la lot ofl studying which is lnecessaryJ for entering

college.)

e) É*É¿*. ÉFØËffi?ffi^ð t¿ütØ ù ØÍ"1.

(A dictionary is a thing yolr use to look up meanings of words.)

94

rtrtt t+E

$ ttt -?t lffiafil > t. z >>> E#ÈtKtr : u €]

-' -[ViAdj ( ( -form) + {, ] means 'even when or 'even if .' With the sense of 'even whe¡/
:.,,,'i .,the.main',senteuçe:is,".ouUyìo,,tnJ@pal!' Ñoú ana,t¡.à¿jectives can take the forrn-
....'l;:5.:1c;;:-,a,,:6,,,5'L.t:f$,(ìà!g..f¡.,,òL',î,¿#trS*ó3.;*r.,,Þ¡r).,.,.,.,$..æt-b..;.;...
t,þ11,q ar.g,uqq4lly to' '

..¡..rt¡riaria".'i,-a"*o.n,qr4:lq:tqd

a) BA^ffi ( Èi¿: BAXIV\:';t,.cfutfi,L f sd ùt rl'- Bä^îip < $ù ¡v1r -! a y /
tåÉùtÌJ!.("L¡ i.
(Ifyou study Japanese culture before you go to Japan, you won't have culture shock even when you

go there.)

b) 7)yrtv7 y 1.,$-zvlå. gr9å rìEã?(t,çâ4itt"
(I hear that they play football even when it snows.)

c) BAF*Êflùi. /¿ ( Ë ¿,Ê^f À¿ 6 /J t. ? i îî.

úzt

(I hear that with Japanese food, even if one eats a lot, one does not gain weight.)

d) HH þ"-À7)ìð â ù. t. ñø ErûÐçffÈiпi rf* å * T"

(Because they have Tbkyo Dome, they can play baseball even on rainy days.)

7 "'vT

a) 7 t y rf':+fñHä¡#Øfú,1fi,þ L( t. ->lcØ1- ô Ð t., )v1 ! -! a v 2 {¡ Etf T.
î f BAØälÉl:äÈt* L/¿.

(Since I had studied Japanese for two years in America, I did not have much culture shock and got

used to life in Japan quickly.)

b) Ër ErudÊî 6 Llñfr,t:ÌÃ6îl- ¡, i "
sick.)
(If you study without sieeping, you will get

$ trr NEåã¿='according to -' tllãatvt > t. t s >>> aaffi etr * a

,,::.Thisiexpression iò:usèd.1o. indþatè¡-â 1s.o'urcþ.óf,j-nfffi¿Uô-¡:a-¡¿tS gèhèìmytilcidê y an
expression such as tv(plain) 4 ) l¿l indicating hearsay.

a) XftÍI#rri (weatherforecast) Ei6 ¿- +Hùf+æñ¿ìK6 4 )fì"

(According to the weather forecast, it will rain this afternoon.)

95

-ls#>>,>>

b) +HØffifÃI=&,6¿. Èø i ù r 7 t )v=rctrH (earthquake) ¿ìô '>l¿4 itì"

(,{ccording to today's newspaper, there was an earthquake in California yesterday.)

9 ttt ^,{E l#ary¡>t.zz>>>9+1zf

this suffix utt""n"r mainly to kanji compounds and expresses the idea of *t: /j a or -l:T â .

) rÌ¿1, J ltürJà

a Hlæ BA¿åf r. Ji,'LË¡i+{Yl- l¿ "
(Since the wa4 Japan has become quite westernized.)

b) irr ,¡r {t I¿Ltl Ji+t?ffitt&t-"

[*E{Lã

(There are rrraîy novels which have been made into movies.)

1O -" Causative-pass¡ve: HþËftã='be made to buy'
l#atry¡ > t. z e >>> tc ( ËÅ,ËibË{'ttc b ]

form duplicates ¡. (e.g,, ffã È ÈrlrL6 is not

)a l¿ r.( r,-*YÐlù:* zt*2#Y.vÊh'ë nâ "
(In general, we ate made to write at least one papet a semester.)

b) Ëu'FËlf;F/:Ë ttðØll/ìÌ¿-c $ !'t/i".

(Nobody likes to be kept waiting for a long time.)

96

a) ,* ftËJzZ hf/ff lã*,bâ,/Vl:tflzã
vr t'àÖ
>>>>>[*#z]

++. ,Ê+.. b ¿. ¿ ¿ffi#u t¿ttz ¿ hï ü, â tvT'T ht 1, 1 : When you want to consult with
+Jô L!.f'1, !. )ù."
your teacher, you can begin your
ft+. !.!.{.fÌ"
conversation with this expres-
++. bØi, L0)r 7 7 riÈ å 'c LffiLTÈ" â0)î, sion. If you are consulting with

T 0) v.t)v o), 7 7 fúol¿Ë¿ìr,. ì,. år ¿ E,a lv your friend, you can say È Ì c
TT hr2,
å ffi# L/¡ l. ¿ ¿ 7)ró â lùl¿tl ë,
ft+. 4 ilTù'" f"ò. 7'v 4 7 J v I I 7 | Øffi.ffi.
t, t -> LFf, t.f ð È r.È r.ffi,àló
ã'tfürur¿,Bur *TLI ¿te 3" 6 Â,Ètl t, etc.

++. z7-. 7ct,4. üi¿.Ø 3-7 ò'lÉL ( f " 2: Here, you are offering your opin-
ft+" 4 i fTzJ," Dçó- ò t -ìEûFåffi*þEt¿à E
ion in a non-assertive manner.
Ò <'l lt'3 " à. in this expression makes it
+Æ. ¿*ì,.. Dsó. TciU*.T" indirect, with the sense that 'I

think it might be bener ro . . .'

3 : When you give advice, you can

use expressions such as -i ã('fÈf l

t.t. ¿,8ù.*T, -I¿ t ¿'-

à.) or -l¿ à ì,. ì,. ¿ Hr., * f .

4: When you want to offer a differ-
ent opinion than what is sug-

gested, you preface your remark

with àà,f t), 4fLÈ4 il¿tj

E , 4 ILIÌiJù, 6 tl å- -C l¡ , etc.

1 ,', E-rVJVl

e,{7ù:r¡ b. -À¿åg+ä. ò i-^ù*E+0)x+0)gffiHt:r¡., /Jè ì,.o H#*.t-t¡

: /¿ÄùÌ. Eø z ¿ ? EA#t.'=iru.ä ð t'"

97

.l s #,,,,,

a) Have just arcivedin Japan today.
b) Would like to see the academic advisor tomorrow, if possible.

+ffiF-trrtÃ. -cl¿Ått. &.ø ¿ ¿ ? EÄffi{.Éìu. A ð r,..
c ) The faculty members are not there this week.
d) You cannot see your advisor until you have taken the Japanese language placement

test next Monday.

? {Lrltft&b of¿ È', ø++.þ t: /¡u\ùt$ffiF-t:Ì¡ , - +ffiRþ P -> t¿^¿ÌB+4ü: /Â

-21- U t-FffiHL/Jð!.o

f ,,, trl-rVJyl

e,<7¿:r¡ b_ -Ât*g+ä. ò i-^ùrEÆ#o)ftHt:l¡ b /Jð !.o E++.å4Ø. L

? EÄffif"É1. /J ð !.o

a) Studied Japanese at an American college for two years.
b) This is a second-year Japaneselangtage class and is too easy.
c ) Would like to switch to a class one level higher.

lF* :l: È. W+HZPcl¿Ål*ft4.¿: /¡ b. tÊHþt:/¿ÀllH#Et:tÃ->1. ù i

-ËffiHL/Jðt,'"

J',, E-lVJVl

e 's7 tl=Ì¡ b r¡ ð !.o -Ä¿åff L r'.8#ä(.. t+{.'fi|ù.Øt- 2 .tvI-\ b /¿ t. å,Bz (
r,.*T (xX-yfË#¡¡ å'Ør,. ô\.4Ì¡t-)tv0)it'ù, å. mÉ4 it¡ø?ìE¿tl¡¡
ð !.)o ò i -^¿l- 4 Ø+T- 2 tvØffi; (older member) ¿: /J b *-1, B+4.ti. frË

t:7c 0)+T- 2 )vtt:ti.{Ef, È. ù'7.-ù /¡ ¡.¿. ?lFÐ * T"

^å

lF*:/¿ à. H++.þf :/:,,\ÐsftË¿:t¡ b. ft#þf :/¡ÀàsB#ä¿:ÌÃc'c., Ù i

-Æñ-FBL/Jðt.o

98

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Q,,,,7V->7 þ-172t

e EA^fTc{. 7 ) t) lt îtX t:2t,.LAnBÅUt¡trld'utx'z¡ 6Ì¡ìt ->l¿ t. ¿.t Ì¡ : L þ
Ê-cÌc 6 !.!.-c'L I i ù'" d¡ã\.^lù-7'þ(F-c1T 4 î¡ 7 3HL-âr.. y Z lþlF
b /Jèr,.o yz þål{"È/¿6. ,7 ;.o)l :I¿t"Ù-'##L/Jð!.o

5 -'fFT

-A Êrrl7))\+t:rr,.tãHEÆT âlFXþãå ä ð l... Fð Ì*tr^E++ (. 6 t."

e E+ftØfr+î. t ¡.41vùr*++.fÅ (onein chargeof foreignstudents) Ø/'L#L
{ t. * T. cD àHL.{. iË L t.É*3^d'ra ð r,.o

a) ì-4rvttt, ¡F7l7r ì r-¿ !': ( t'* T,

b) ÉElð À,Øxffitt.- g,À,t¡ t- lùÈ2

ffi+ilcî.

c) ÉHð À,Øæo)ÈHtt, BAË[æ{.T"

d) HEÈ lùØæ"etÅ, ffiEàìru * T"

e) ) - 4 f Y ¿i. mE¿ìê-ì à {Lâ tI {L E* t) 4får'òób*ìi¿,.

99

s.l #,>,,, (+#ñlåõ þ tutu. fl SldtìHñ¡5rõ : ztr. Ëuì

fcu\ËHðtââ\õltÉe?-D 5. ffi/võA< < fËütl. )

lFõt¿få wð t,läl
y y¿sElaù:Ër.r¿8.0)8. r'Jrx l. 7
¡,øX^- þ ç. ð ¿:iÉù¿{ r,. -r
( þ,1¿"
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fffi¿
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ffiø ¿.È,,\¿*Zq+ffi

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årt€ffi("- ì -4 y v¿¡BAffirfff å u. I *aÈ" L/¡âffi¿: TÃ.->I¿o ) -4 /

v¿s{Ëffið À,ø##¿'Å,'úur lù>'at¿Øt€ffi¿å-b.+r"îdeå.1 ¿Ë, L- lÊ

- tffi ¡ ¿ ¿* L ¡ -> L \,, p rÃffiþ "t- l¿ th'A'h - /^ 7 7 4 ftøX'x,R -: 1 ù" t
-4 / vültá&ð14,ù:. IElIø,,\¿: [ó¡¡/¿J /¡À'1¡ÉoË+/¿-Ð] å*a¿
bþ,r¿" 7cØîþ., -4 / vl*- Ba^Øâffiþ !. ( Ëf, ( j ) t:l,/;È¡. a5ù:
lô¡¡/¿l li,El-tt:f,f U'clfr.blnulju.Èùt{"r¡ (. ËrË¿ËÉTffi"c"ö ö* b{Ë

b{tt¡1. t ir,. a LÈì. ÈÅ,Èfui}ù;o{Èl¿. Là.L. I -4 y v¡ts lù>r¡

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e;Ro$ãffi,tue. jE U |tn HO. F5Ë p Ettftlt x ä^ftl+Ë Ur"

n a) ì -4 / vI*, 7 ), )l("{Ëffið À,cà'>l¿r. å trtbâ 6 L!'o
n b) ¿ø{äffiðÀ,t*_ÆI+.îb6"
u c) I t4 y vtt: lù>t¡T¿øF;ffiIt-b'+{.'TdeÀl tÉ, ¿. 'fäffi¡ ¡õ:

À,åÊlú

È (was glad).

n d) BA^¿r [ó¡¡t:.1 Lt. )ÉHþ{F.i : å ùl¡}./¡r,."
n e) ) ¡-4 f vÌt. â-("¿* lótr¿) þffi.b11:f6¿sa'-¡ 6.

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LT IJRE No
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Restaurants

D eople in Japan love to eat out. Basically, there are three types of food: Japanese,
I Chinese, and Western. ln big cities like Tokyo, howevel there are all kinds of ethnic

restaurants, such as Thai, Korean, and lndian. ln Japan, there are probably more specialized

restaurants than in the United States. For example, sushi restaurants serve only sushi,
tempura restaurants only tempura, eel restaurants only eel, etc. Although there are lots of
restaurants that serve all these items, such restaurants are usually not considered first-rate.
This is perhaps due to the faith in specialized professionalism that is shared by most Japa-
nese, r.e., they believe that no one can surpass the quality of food prepared by specialists,
e.g., sushi made by chefs who have prepared nothing but sushi alltheir lives.

At inexpensive restaurants such as noodle shops, whenever it gets crowded,rYou will be

asked to share the table with strangers. The waitress will say something like, fEffiäiffitl t t
d (Please let another party sit with you), and there is nothing you can do but nod in

agreement.

Besides eating out, Japanese often have food delivered, too. ln America, very few places
other than pizzerias and Chinese restaurants deliver food to homes, but in Japan, in
addition to those, sushi restaurants and noodle restaurants regularly offer delivery service,
and you don't even have to tip the delivery person!

o
o

O

e
o

>>>>> v7tsate

e Eäo)â+ll-ÐÐ<tlõ î < yt 2 . tr / t'- y. IBHo)Êffi tO ã* ëVltB"';fi ( "
H ffi : : : ¿t. É-+DJ,t'ÈÍå. òPo'C.t- â *alË/¡ À,íc-T p_l_"

11.rì-y *aL.Ll.-c.L¡.ilt" 1

H ffi: L ¡ o ¿Ét.ùl å'. tau. Lt._¿__¿_l_+_*ál.ì Lì.\ å Lt.{"î1.

Ezì-Y (./ = t_ - k F,t¡ns 6 ) ft. |Jì¿, ¡ r ! r ô t¡ ë¡ 0) lr; b â À,1 T h"

É ffi: LL. r-v¿¿å-l¿'ùlD+/¡ ( i E^À,rrbâ L. +öØòô þ *Tdâ.

rl,2ì-y l#ò ØJ c:clnJ:cîù'.

É ffi: :ÉEØ-h¿:{4ù.Øc-ct', â Øàl#î1J. XJ{ ùùrØ:{ ì..þü*' l-XÐ,.f,.]

retf-Y .cr.i L. LÀ,rtyùrØ:{r.frtj'lhyÐA,) lr.i À,'e-r" È¿ùl'çi

É ffi: ¿¿,} b. +l)ØØfrùtg6l¡¿r¿i¡.:ùf[.û:/J b *T].

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l#f+l o'c. ?
t5 rr.rì-y FW¡:XÌ¿ 6T f âå. þ *TÌ. a aØùå. *á!. Lt..:{t.. i#.C"T}.

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/à 6 tå t" ,êÈìtF34.{.f å. 6. Ér)ì#,(". tFÈìÍtrr { t,. I btTic lù'" ffi
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103

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E# (Wþt¡Il /¡à¡-6) otrT Z i rLÀ,î* Tdâ"

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s ffi ffi 4 iîTtr." *n, *ìlÂ,"C L/¿.

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trffi 4 i 1 I tJ" fÅ ò Jáî l' þ ffi='C â Ø þ R'Ì¡ ¡; 6 ê'ì å Ø ÈìfF È Í" de"

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+# þffi.rlW\*? f UÊØh¿Jv9-

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+# 4 ifTtr. Dr. 4ô7cô^b * Lr )ù'" frLò-ffiå'È,t9.XùtbâØ1.

ftffi fl,¿:fÁbt{ ( l;"ð r..
+++ !.!. å. L.: ð ftÆ.t:*;l:{ ì..Ì¿/a'( ¿ t. , b ùt Ù: ù*t. È * ÈÀ,1t.6, +

B ¿ifÅ¿s.

ffiffi 7ciîTù." D+. ctr4)ù:r¡ b*1.

104

>>>>>v7n=r.l

o I t 1 y !. Ë^ú)ttlJfiÊ-¿t+ú)ì7r D äÐutcu\õ.

Ì -4 y v : *á/JårrìTu./¿ /J ó"

Æ -: 4)IìtJ" ËòF^:(Èl;Ì"
ì-4/v: <y2t¿xô)ù."

æ - : !'L'Jo ffi¿:/Jðt..*Tà.. (5.Êffii9*vtFtll,l.(#))
e rËlr^õ"

Ë þ: !.å:Lçtn.*¡ù"

9-4yv: À.-L- Cy ì<y, L,Ë1 l. M+¡4
l. M+T4 ^L7y7'tvù..,,ss44'-'t'>î'tî":(.'Tda.
Ë þ: ùÌ!.. èvì-<v2 L 'li/ ^L7yf

i;ffi.afut*?

Ð14/v: =ha-7Ø^*t,0)þ ( /:"ðr,."

Ë fl : ùÌr.. âËFr.'880 Flù: /¡ b * T.

æ -: 1ffiåf b{c È <y 2.;-rt"-L74 7=-B-ØS +14
,Ë ff : { þ{c È=y 2,r-ù'-L74 Zr-v.-Ø S+t41î^'T"*J" gT0 FIu.t

15 t"È*T"

E =AH¿JâäÍÅ:CHI¿Ë(.

ù14 Yv EÆØ-"2l"f tv i."l*z r, ùotLL J.-c LÊ) o"cËf,r.{ÈùT à'. tlÀ,L

ú-t&) {J"

æ -: ¿: Èì.

9-4 Yv 7 / rtØ</ l'T¡v l'""c"Ë:(6 ö Øàì. Eläø,Ë¿: ö ð6 ¿l*Eå/+ll
' 4
æ -: ?, l" I tv r^ü: Lå./Jì.. ò Ø iò b â tJ"
L_ 4 {t"t:HAø
Ð-4 Yv
fiJà¿Ì. ( bçåwv 2Å-rt"-L7r,?
æ -:
i Ìr"
Ð-4 Yv
7c iI¿tJ" üiå.ù:. LelZ 4 vÌ:(!. ) 0)$bâ J."
æ --:
NEØ+,J.CL, BA¿:Aå LÃäíALÈ+ i À,TìTJ"
i.t. f ò. 4 iu- i: ¿ ùå. EA/a'tl0)a å D+/Jì,. t E,it¡ã>"

.16#>>>>>

+fEæWç{I11!/LLù7L7Uùt(vvfr¡'-",ì"ri\"\ùb,,*,*t1'lÌ¿¡tÌ77vò.à:vyI2cLr¡"å¡¿""E*,.MEEËåÈ{T7a//þ4âiyvÐtÈlL¡¡'-_-)E-ì,47òF#)çH+{7lù[ÌÀvvc7DillØIÉ"^rño".T:t+.c.CHf=Éhâ"{*{l/tÉùL)*âuò(.cfJrL.\-i.\:'t. fl.++it{"È{rØ/ütrù*eYâl¿IffÉC¿u.;LL.tiì"*\:F^{r. Ênmfi){++{7+¿tþ1ùf*6¿ÈÈå+rÉvfLLr:Ë*Ì/SHi:Ð'ii,(ârtf^,Hà{ØØ0Iùùb/"7'HYf[f"r.)Hiìr:.rcr{âLo fI{ù41UvfL:r^fþH{7lâ,f:JIiiisêAË{1'þ(L+" È, EìËf+l(({À4/þ¿¿È/Ltð*ÈHIEf¡ù¡o""rLKi\J[:ìf''/Èìf+Ë)^Iù7þ¿üv6FLb<Y|EfVi::'i',i:ilt'H'ËJÆ-HùøI1ù¿by,z7âevIcl$U.Þf'''..cff/+A^ÆåoÌik7B6¿lDf¿Y¿¡.1)l"iì

H{Ë1ù[þ77j)Èiò¿vúr"-"li:Xi,þ'Ér{{ÈtÐ^rvev(|ùLyL,rlrì{liff7iI¿LùvLYllIIL.{: L ò þ,1r -)

I¿yS

7"

ffi

{fûþrú
(
t4â

It/ö}Y:."

ËE{å-trØfiL/Lôð6ò)¿i¿ntc¡"Li..\Èi"t*'irii{iiitùØnLLH,,Ëràl01/tf¿Lf¿etvËrl¡.,¡:"rHri)rl.Ëti\vtrL"iHAØt-(1,/Tf+ñãråfr7!¿Z,6ìò¿"!åf0\fl+*zr\¡Ef'ìniJ;t{Ci//f[)Ly¡¡fr7Ø7¡{rà7ô.vclìlIt+þ.-tu-il.C¡rtþi.þiØffLie^,É{-þØ/{7ü¿bââðtùÃcBL-\f*itÉ'":l8'1\L7:ici'7bAHf({åbIØtlBâ)åL(iv'Á"¡'"fyl¿ì¿ìfû{^E7ù{/oi7vvIlÌfvl:H,'.i:/')ùüi¡t,nHv'"Ào¿ìù[!iUп(¿{.\c-"r.*:),.t{+ã++å+¿ùjlLiLitIil.i:..¡iiiiI7

116t' g-i l, lu to order (something) a I B/, like fried pork cutlet or
to quote fried shrimp, etc.l
lÈ colleague; co-worker ðâE
lfamily namef cooked rice
f-_ lfemale given namel s L'À,rty pork cutlet
noodle shop u vtc¡:c actual thing
9lBj- 6 shop; store
menu æqÐ clerk; shop-employee
Eribri [type of noodle] patent
lname of dish;bowl of ÍrÀ,t, ¿u
IEI ffi rice topped with things egg
16 IEE
t''h u I see.
¡"ts chicken llit.,birdl
Ëffi to lay (egg); to givebirth
22 #, to lu.t.l
da
rr t *F¡l-.

ä t$E ã ä'F6I ¿t¿

Ëat+. ¿tt

l .Ëõ9.

)=z' äi' tf

EÀ.

òØ

, EêüÞt, Lr ( lunch l:E.ÊEl t5 EÐrl-Lblrtâ sushi rice covered with
small slices of fishl
+#r.? r. tfamiþ namef
l1+ft; tu p.i È1. in one's fifties [honorific form of ê,r
[polite form of ð Å,] â /ffiril
zffi- F.f
:.L ì : t,.1i-Æ 6 16 +-ø a to refrain from -ing [u.f.]

a Mþlt,trJ â to be crowded sÐtrt ¿È*.f lcontraction ofSÐ(*;
È*11
ì¿tf î counter
6 ù'ùvr- *a*1. [humble formof 'n (/X
to make sushí by hand
? T 'I1,þEl:-Èâ (green) tea 19 â)
tÈ+ (sushi serving oÐ
medium quaTity/price tf[f'¡ir*yiÉu¡ bill; invoice
a *aÆ [a kind of sushí; a box of
a to treat (someone) to
ì¡t¡^ (something [usualþ
+ag€ food or drinkl )
10ffi
aì
tl t2'61¡
z¿ CLQ)tt:t¡,6 to be treated by someone

.lo#,>,,,

108

h

r.lÈx 2.wÐ â s. *r,É 4. ..ßE s.H+
6.*w IO.Eê
7.JËtr ooÊ. /ñ q.HÉ Ì,.
L+# -I-5.TÈ É6o
12.ffi 13. sá# 14.ffi 20.ÆlÆ
16. FE 6 le.Æ D 6
17. H,lH LB.Mfr 24.ffiÌÉff+ 25.ffifrh,
21. iHT 29JH{Lâ
zz.WdILÐ 6 ß.ffiffi 30. tL^ì å
26. ËlÊflE
zl.tilrF- 28. /ù\EÉ
3L.qrJlffi

1. ãIÆ 2.lEtffi 3.Éffi 4.#6 o) s.yF
B. lû e.El- Llrt 6 ro.+â
6.Æ 7.ffiâ
12.æ- ß.ìub 14.W. 15.ffiêJ
r1.ffi*Ë 17.ìEffi+
IB.ffiW le.ìÏEJì zo.frlr|tT â
16.w b â 22.ffiilF
æ.âû 24.=â+H 2s.ffiÊ
2r.êË 27.Éß

26.+æw

This radical comes from the left half of lT and is often used for characters
representing kinds of roads or types of walking.

l'rjll'till'É)te¿

109

rt,tu¡ i :. (t[r*bl" rot'n)

ffiæffi

I

â) *a->l,+â + L-hÙIå FT Éir.*T
F L-hùr'* T fÍÈ *-r-
ft< $aa L+t-*T H L*f
(H-LØX.*7 't 7.\) 8a*!. x*i"
*a t.à:L+6
l.àoL+t.*f {Eti.1Eh-*T +b *T r.*T
r.å
t.à?L+å ñ) .2>.ò ìlr8.¿9+
îâ !.6:L{"t.*T
ê':a fÉr. * T âb *,-r ê^ì*T
*6E,ì-l:tÌ,6
Êßü t.l¡f +o .J ffi,r)*.f
*aEåù:r¡ b *T t,-l¿ L * T
F,a !.6pLsó ló0 *T F,*r
r,-È/ì ( HÈ *T
ffi( t-Ùol,{'!.*T t./¡î
t,./¿/i'È * I âr,. * T
*) 4.C.ã t,.È L*T
/ÐJðõt.*T r./¿È ( Ë*T
É,a AU_Eùì â*î t'/¿lì ( filrf L-*T
r./¿/¿'È *T t./¿/ìÈ * T
Æc1,\'â ãLt.åsb Nf.T
#Eît*h ttÀ t.lc/¡'(
Nta- AU-Ltr:7a â Ió ¿1.'*
r.ÈtìÈ * f
(N is usually äL-hàrb *-l- trF,L*T ò å t.*1
a name.) EDtu- â ( I'r*T
t6ffi.a"1:TÌ.â IÃJ )
btTâ ËD(*d b *T
üà? þffi.aYr¡ b *f fflr. * T Nt'äå"t'* T

< ÌL6 ðHI:/J å TáEãÈTå

:Ht:ä b *T bffiÈ L*T

iáEf, È l: /Â 6 *ó El ¿: à'à.6
*á El ù: à.à. b * -l-
tdFf,Èt:¡¡b*i-
*rât.T å
fdâì,. ù: /¡ å
#âr.L*T
táf r,.l:r¡ b *T
FD-hüt'( t'6
i6i+rlLte.â FU.hùl"f *a t å¡-

*61*^.;r¡ b *-¡ ã LóÙI'6

ðæDr¿ Ë Lóùl'*f

ðFD("7 lìr,. t¿ (
N-f t. à ol,+ â
N-C"t.àcLçt.*T r.tc/iå *T

ftdó¿t'ù:ä 6

+óó ùt'û: r¡ b *
*áö 6t.ù:/J6

*áùàr-¿:r¡b*'1
(r¿ð6

( /dðr.*i-

'I 10

>>>>> vTntr.l

#ffi# (respect form) is used when you are talking about an action or state of someone to

whom you have to show respect. So, when you talk about the action of your teacher, for
example, you use ëötffi.

IJ LYI1 T

ffiæffi (humble form) is used when you are talking about your own or your family member's

action. There are two types of ffi#ffi-l and fI. Type I is used when you (or your family

member's) action directly involves the other to whom you want to show respect (e.g., visiting

a superior's house or helping your superior with his/trer luggage, etc.) By humbling your own

action, you are in effect showing respect to your superior. Type II, which is called iH#

(courteous form) is generally used when you want to talk about your own action or state in a

humble manner just to be polite to the addressee. TEÉffi is used when your action does not

directþ involve your superior, but most likely the person you are talking to is your superior or

someone to whom you want to be very polite. So, if you are going to your superior's house

(or officeJ,, you use ñ i . If you ¿ue reporting to your superior that you went somewhere, then

you use * â (see illustrations in (1)). Similarly, if you are asking your superior to let you

look at his/her 941EgF?, 8Vo,o* or" HHf å. If you are telling you superior that you went to see a
movie, you say
Ll¿ (see illustrations in (2)).

(1)

(2)

.16#>>>>>

One can use T€ffi (polite form) instead of TÉffi (courteous form), but use of f !Éffi is

much more polite. So, if your superior asks you whether you play tennis or not, you can either

say 7=7þ t.l¿ L*T or î=zþ t*1. TÉffi is very polite, and you probably won't be

using it in your daily conversations, unless a situation calls for very polite language (such as
in job interviews, in business situations, etc.).

ff there are no special respect forms, use [*aV(stem) l: r¡ b * T] . If there are no special hum-

ble forms, use [*a V (stem) ¿ gç /u,lc L * T] .

r:J:.:,:li.:i::itii;î ::IIìr.¡¿' i:j;:::'.f-¡::r,,:1..j:t'
:..¡,,r:.jlr ,..:.,:il,l:

r:li¡,::r,:,.i1':1. :i:il:;.trl:l.:i:.;:. :,::tj:t,i

1* táffLù:/Àå Iôffi\-T6 ffL*T

ÉÉ9 *rffL¿:/J b *T #ffL L*T Ëffi?à.ùl*T
táffiLr.l¿L*'f lF, *.1
Ê,ffiþlr,tl6 ffi#þt6ìr,IJtt¡,6
lFa Êffiþt6ùùTâ
Ê,#þf6ù'tÌt:/¡ b *T trúþt6l¡Iì1,*1

iõlF b ì--tà â Ê,#Zt6ù,1,J\'.1¿L*f

ta(çb¿t¡b *.7 i6(ÊrT â
t6{Ft¡ L*.1

sdfFb r-/¿L*1

112

>>>>> v¡n=r.l

1 ttt -cT (]lâ# "t > t. z >>> ä)ÉetutÉ :

a)

(I hear winter in Tbkyo is not too cold, lis that dght?] )

b) BA^fr ùl tÈ,- #æVffi,ì- â 7 tv,,s 4 l' /¡ 6 /¿ ( Ë'Ló 6 p (Ff, È * L /¿"

(I heard that there are lots of part-time jobs teaching English once you get to Japan.)

/r,, -¿¿lt(-rf) l*#l > t.¿ >>> ôuìt/Lr.¿ttöu utì5 Ltì]

l#uM > ¿. t t >>> rfl 5nã¿ ¿Bn 5nõtil]

I.-adjective : æt-¿¿1*ær,'-07

:Veib ê'¡a ¿¿Ëê'\*'f

a) lfÙilUù ¿ r- i ¿t' ,t ¿ ttÉÉ!-åf. Ë ¡ a åËf å-å.

H*Ett*EÎËr,.¿

(The movie cal7ed"Røn" ls interesting, but ifs a little too long.)

b) EAØÉæäùirudÊT âz ¿ lÍ L * 175f. b (*Tìr.t- âtl'

h tl¿, (opinion) þ{Fâ l¿Ðù:åîË.t:fr-^o+{LÉ'i/lJwuø'lt¿iÐ'Ø6.fTu.tfrttì,tr.

0)Ê.8"

(Japanese high school students do stttdy a lot, but since all they do is study for entrance examina-

tions, it does not seem to contribute to forming their own opinions.)

c ) l1'þæ( ¿ ¿ f*ãr./¿ár. fñËt.Èìå¿'->l¿Tìô i i¿,8. ¿. dbç'¿r l,¡.o
(I didwrlte a composition, but I am sure there were lots of mistakes, and I feel embarrassed.)

J "o N?t,lül?T,/N|'"Ii?¿ÖTT='N will do; N wilt suffice'
lã#z > t. t s >>> ätñt¿ttttìtìe3-D ¿]

a) É*ãl*- -{mTtttrT'1, ¡ )lt'"
(would one dictionary do?)

¿+

lGreen]
i;#Tllb)
cZ( aTT "
tea fine.)
wouidbe

.16ËR,>>,>

Qrrr, ^" ëUffiå/¡lr='¡1 is not necessarily the case that -';
'it does not mean that -'
lÈF3 > t.zo >>> Eäo)Êt-Èôã ¿mF SeUr]

a)

(Ifs not necessarily the case that all Japanese high school students do nothing but study.)

b) Hä¡ffiþMffi L -C t,. 6++.ùt aÀ,¡¡ BA,..ã ( ¿ rf E å /J ür.

(It's not necessarily the case that students who are studying Japanese will ail be going to Japan.)

t: :;ì; :. :ì l'l::i.ii.t.
:.:.i- ::: : -,1 ::ìi:.:.
'.1',.,,1¡¡!iexpi$iq.q.istgft enusedrwith.;an¡adv.e4b-'d_'.f.:L.t,,

c ) Ér.. {> ØlJt,Z.l l, $ Z¡À,t¡ I r,. L l*F å /¡ t,\.

(Expensive things are not necessarily good.)

5 -' -ÈtJi,/-ö¿rc),/-Ê(E¡ =,5.tore -,/atter n/when n,
lffia¡M > t. s >>> g t y -ãwD ãffit¿ !. 7 >>>Hi:'uaËtc]

a) BA^lï (ffit=&frtlvfF->î tá ( ËÈri.r.f..L ¡ l.
(It is a good idea to have your cards made before you go to Japan.)

î't ¡b) ilffiàrff&þ ct¿ü>å (('),s- -þlr*,1- )"
(Let's have apar!5- aÍter the exam is over.)

c) BA^ll< E+(E)zsZ;ti- þ årr. b * T.

(You need a passport when you go to Japan.)

d) : øriä¿x. BA^tîcÉH(i:)Hr- * L/¡"

(I bought this dictionary when I went to Japan li.e., while I was in Japanl .)

e) ¿ ØÉ+É¿*. BA^ll< E+ft;)Hr.* L/¡"

(I bought this dictionary when I went to Japan [before or on the way to JapanJ.)

f) ñ*Él*. BA^lîe /:E+ (E)Hì,. * T.

(¿s for a dictionary, I will buy it when I get to Japan lafLet I get to JapanJ.)

6 -t lEü*COunter Ë='mâ¡1y æ' >>>>> vTntr.l

lffiañt>t.s >>>f,íJE€]

a ) EA^lllif Ë l¿ft-> l¿ i. å Èìó b * î.
(I have been to Japan many times.)

b) t+e)#ùF, +4E¿åflliLrff€'ôb*î"

(There are many Chinese restaurants.)

ò:l ãt 'dozens of volumes (lit.,tens of volumes)'

cf. 'lE[t{ü
-* counter {¡ * negative 'not even one'

c) ftff¿i1i,lt(?T6^li. u LÌ Íl'6 4 iÍcî"

ñ+É¿fir+ffiúffiu

(I hear people who translate have dozens ofdictionaries.)

d) H#nTt-z È r, È ¿t. -Eú ð b *ÈrT.
(I have notbeen to Japarl, even once.)

a) 1vz"þ-|fr^.,{-tv t EUe,2zJr-i*ut-tv l.l;Ueah'L,ù'ÉÉL/J ( f !.!..

(One does not have to worr5r whether to Teave a l5o/o tip or a 20o/o tip.)

b) i6T Lf; L J i á'XJi È) Et, e a fr,L #. /c.
(I had trouble making up my mind whether to have sushi or tempura.)

$',',-Ooz@cJ!Í**tt¿¡[(r,lt¿t âl,Ö*ltörlI 1 ='l think it might be the case that-, lffiarø>t.zz, zef

'"'@!tfl¿t't7)t ) I

jË-,ð...t¡,ü,,,1.r,,..\.t',@1.i1,e,Ìå,:].å.!$è

¡1,,

¿lz'"¿il¡1.'Èå å l¡¡ ìc rrcaÁ hcra lrc¡

(I wonder if ifs all right [I think it's all right] not to leave a tip when service is bad.)

b) ff;Í (reservation) 3 ¿1 ¡rf:/J t' -È, Ãi¿l¡ t.ø)Í.1ÍlJ t\li ô ) ñ,"
(I fear we won't be able to get in unless we make a reservation in advance.)

115

.16#,,,o,

c) 7.' y rtLt +Ê.E;F^tl ( Â,f'Tàr. fiîtv ¿ffrÊHå ÐaËØËÈìr.r,.f"LJ )z)..
(I'm going to Japan. Which do you think would be better, to stay at hotels or at
Japanese inns?)

Bä^ )r|
ffiffiØfr ùìffi É t./ù U /¡ rr(. L ¿ tt' "

(I think Japanese inns would be more fun.)

d) 1v/þil;i>/Jr. å t_e-z¿¡ffi( r¡ âoT l*/Jt,r7r, å,ù,EtLÍ!.å.

( [He] is worried service might becomebad tf [he] does not leave tips.)

e) ñì8. H4ffiØt. å âU-EI,LötËà"cÈf t,âc)T|*t¿t\lr¡ ¿,8'!.*T"

(I think the number offoreigners who can speak Japanese has increased recently.)

$ ttt tì[¿ã='rather' lffiaw > n s >>> ö LãururèEzã]

a) b. 7 ) y rr-6nßffiþffiúfrlt¿7 ) y ù Ll)frtrì, t; t, ôWffiØæ

!.Ë^ä Ð?i ( N->L t.6Øf.-llät-liå i ¿ro

(I wonder if it might be the case that Americans who study Japanese in America, rather than the

Japanese youth, are better able to use honorifics.)

b) Eà.rì'¿*+ØÈ.ül b t;l,a'#u tl ( l.f: t- Rþcùt( ( /a'Ë r-.

(A summer cold is even harder to get rid of than a winter cold, so take care.)

c) âffi¿x,. H#æØfrtrìt€ffi1 b t'tåçÈ L!-Ð"ö Ll¿ljr,-"

(As far as conversation goes, actually Japanese may be easier than English.)

ÍO -t Ëfl.E='more/less - than expected; contrary to one's expectation'
lffia*¡ > t.zs >>> Ëtttrfit 5n<rìarì]

a) +Ê,Ø#,WlrËflE+ ð Lå.a /c"

(The exam this time was easier than I expected.)

b) EÆnTr < ffifttffiØi/lå¡*anrä ù,2tco

(The air ticket to Japan was cheaper than I expected.)

116

>>>>> vTntr.l

a) *'ZIfiEl" >>>>>[â#r.âeÉz]

låtr : f4¿: z¡'ð !. * 1à.o When you place an order at a
ft$.t: trLI*7, Y ¿¿,+JFt,r L:f f r.
ft4.2 : fÅll1Ji ù i E'4,ù: L * T. restaurant, you say -ÌdÆt. L *
IåF : rt y t* Â, ¿ XJi È, Ð À,1-l *J" Þ4 ØL1trle)
9.
t61+t' ( /¿"ð t."
2: When you offer to treat the other
(ê+'/)ìf*i? 'c1ù't)
person, you can say f/¡¿:flrb¡¡
ft+.t: +E|ttl\o)åÐrJ Tïìr. à. fÅEüAþü( < Ë "C ( Èè t., fÁØ*rð b "f T, etc.
However, it is better not to use
ðLr2" the word ì6 c â,/ tô c b to your

tE*.2: !.!.à- !.?{¡ft4.1:*al':f !./¡È( ¿t.i superior.

t>Il I: l* t. å * ìi¿,¿. ì' - +E ùlfy''¿s. 3: This expression is used to accept
tÊÆ.t: 4 i 1Tù," t; p, ÐË ? ) t=/¿U *t 3" an offer.

1 "" E-JlrJVl

e =Å1: .¿: /J b -^ürg+4. -^¿r/ÉE t:/¡. b /J ð !.o EA'cg+4'rÅàsv 2 1."

I ¡v F- ^11å. ê^ì+Z Lffi.e+rJ L SllxLtqi $ Á, * T" lÈxf â+rJr!, *.Øy à t å. àìs¿Nr¡

ð t."

È..:4/l ffi.r)+rJ

tt/tì-/j-- --V-

1- d^- ù"- 1¡v2
èvl<v2 àvyì)z-Z

74v.ù.74Y/t-

117

-l6sF,>>>>

f ,,,iii¡tv-Jz-,

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b) : Ø;'ô7./ y h1ðTL3ê-ì aLt¡& ( r¡ b * L/:às. 4{Ltt/Jù'È.&ffLâr,./¡
ð t - o I ù- ¡øìàlÉ, (opinion) þ, rth.t, 7 7 ø )vr¿t, t:##.L /J Ë !."

3 ,r,4V2-,

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IfiIl] A lI trt

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A : È o) i 3 I ¡ t v øffiilr¿å¿i i ù;),,-ct¿ À,Ii c1 "

B : ì--c I u'f /ì/¡ó"

5',, **.

e âtìØtr* ÌÃv 7 | 7 vt:r!.(- =H+(. 6 r,.ØffXþE*/Jð !.o

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-c l'i'tlÌ'x þal'l /J ð !'o

tr a) TUÊo)&ffiå, l^.t,îLl f.T"
tr b) :- Øf(Øl\o)åÈi¿*. ftÁ+È ¿ ù. r,. * T"
tr c ) .0)f.0)¡*t*- Êiù: ò ¿ ØT uÉØ-t LzïiiL/¡: å àìð b *'t-.

n d) aØRØL0) i È{"¿i. aØt6Tl-þtfr,:.ÊEù:ê-: âØî1, ¡ 1"
n e) ffirÊEÌl^ffiîl-ti"

119

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fcLìffi ffi ¡t6¡t6lå3'eÉD õ. ffi tutAt< < l¿ðtì. )

I liì Y?J
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iEt

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n b) að-1ØEi*. usy 6+Tr r' Ì¡ê-lz¡ù,-tI¿o

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n e) EA-(.'¿t. ó* b t'"{-rìv lþffi.*>/Jt' à Lù'o

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.{1 :

IJRB No
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o

How to Decline an lnvitation

T apanese people are known for being indirect and vague about declining invitations.
J Wh"n they cannot accept an invitation, they, as a rule, do not say LìUìU, because they

feel that it would be too curt. They prefer expressions such as Z1)EIi5à,2¿""", meaning

"That day is a bit. . . ." Since the word lor inconveníentis often left out, one is expected to

guess what is implied. Guessing, howevel is not as difficult as it might sound, fo1 after all,

Xlt5* 2X......is not only a standard expression, but is always accompanied by a reluctant

tone of voice as well as a facial and bodily expression of regret.

Respect for the Aged

>>>>>

1I n â=É 1, there is a brief mention of a special occasion bciartlhleddayås#s, in"gcleedleboruattiofonrhsepledcoianl
someone's 70th
birthday. ln addition to É"ffi, other

celebration are: 60th, 77th, 80th, 88th, 90th and 99th. Currently, Japan enjoys the top
longevity rate in the world; one therefore often hears about these birthdays being

celebrated in Japan.

Akihabara

kihabara (sometimes shortened to Akiba) is located less than 5 minutes by train from

Tokyo Station. lt is well-known for its hundreds of electronic shops, and you can get
good deals on anything from a TV, camera, computeç to electronic parts and software. In

recent years, moreover, it has become famous worldwide as a mecca of pop culture,

including games, manga and anime. Akihabara has also become strongly associated with

the so-called otaku culture. Otaku refers to people who have obsessive ¡nterest in one

particular thing, notably manga and anime.ln Akihabara, you can see new types of cafés

which cater to Otaku, such as ll NRä, where waitresses dressed in western-style maid

uniforms serve food. There are also v>fiW#., where customers can read manga and watch

DVD's, etc., but this does not seem to be limited only to Akihabara anymore.

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, e E6#ørJ tfôftfr r)T,, 70)#Ëlc5 ãSffiØãfiÊlcËñ: <U\ õ.
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drf ät.Æ/¡ er4À,Ì¡¿:H( ð b *ÈA,t" ¿l.¿ b 1,500Hf Èu.Èå,8r,.*T

ùvl ) ùl ¿"

zJr f 7c {LD s :-ffið È-( ( Èð t,."
C)v
liv l.ðÂ,ð ¿i'CTà..
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ffi,ø*aþfr,t-ùtb â Ø'e "

b b. ÉffiØ iô+n\-'ct *J" 4 {LD + ltfr t¡1.'cïde.

L L- lffiÃ,'e tl ¿"- * /¿ l..:¿.taffir,. L * T.

D+ó. *tâËd'a.

123

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zl.^74l LL- Þl-/ùù. b ù: ( t.{"1}de. å ZL-' Dç- F*ÉftfLElù:L* Lt rå'.

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124

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126 A)J!röiL\l

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)4v+0) rty: "m

À"

127

wl t)aI-!aY recreation tl* seat
together
#i¡? 5 ffi
to invite (someone to do gladly; with pleasure
l't" U ¡ team
something with the pitcher
7 -ffi Greatl
: [*+u speaker) ¡l;r
',Jr fA - years old
lfamily name) 9 ÊÀ,c
ftå"i celebration
baseball ì'a rcgrettable
ÐÞ* game dyl*-

ilâL tó,' n T':1r..

¡J7:--v1 Dragons [name of a èl'

baseball teaml 14 -ffi
rr'lt
vì¿Tvy Giants lname of a
15 saðflr,-
baseball teaml
n f{¿f"iÃf¡t,(r¡)

#F¡'Í' t > section chief ,t-t t¡.5ih' u the past; the old days
sound El electronic store district
1
¡t¿, È- ¿r¡ as-
Ë*'1.
æÃ,ffi lname of a train linel
3 EI
second
)'-ù - manufacturer; maker - L 1.1,
lname of a train linel
tLl¿t1' ¿ å /J !. not too good; not great çt* øtr¡,t rapidftaín orbus
ercand; things to do
6 20 tlt+ffi
Japan Railways
ttl ¡tt Ð to arcange to meet
exit
trñ-g, Á, parts =rt['Co¿¿Hiu<+¿ afew
central ticket gate
I HiF¡FJLffi

ìÍ È f to assemble; to put ,,

ffiaa]l^'c. â

lr t' together FE¿'[' ¿ <
to want
s &l-lr- Lti t:

11 +f.[ìl:x{L6 to obtain Æs
[place name]
ôt* ¡I ¡rg JRt --¿ it-r,

1' f,k#lR f*ftiÈât) irrl

t¿ -ì-- L cA f61 _; fs _ ct( B
t,|¡, Lì
undeniably; no doubt; ffin
ls rúLÊ->A by any account llit., no
matter what others may r,J ( :¿.
savl [>>>*,Ë/-t.t]
È+p'i**iü¿.f¡fãLzrE(È

128

**, vtua-y=yl

f to try to -; to make an za (-zg¡'rl¿yro¿1 flttal-(t. * T to be looking
-effort to [>>>Ètå,/- t.3] forward (to -)
26 -J.)l:-lâ

.r .. - ¿ ùl ÌÌ'
Ërt.( li= (
? H4E movle -{lcontraction of *¿ ùl
tomorrow
t tl,ì, ¿tl

2 EÃE I, also [:Ë ö ]

<ta¡¡ lfamily name]

4 RIR

5f¡!f¡i,Ët < movie director -/JÈç/¡fl¡¡. haveto-
lcontraction of -Ì¡ Il lt,
ü^Øl#, äEn ¿l-rt t¡ uo E1,l¡t,¡, fÈ'r:¿ ¡[Eo
frL- Wfr,#. ffi F5- ¿r, rr rt *i ¿f-'ä È ä r.l

[movie names:E4EØåÈi] -,r 13 h repo rt; paper
staying up all night
affi¡ttr E l. samurai <7+
'fffiw.

N/JÂ,È' :N/J å ù)ol¿flæl¡¡r rarely

10 tt)tvÆ [name of a movie 26 *'. ¿ for sure; surely
theaterl
lûSt¡'¡t to stand in line [u.1.]
ß )-aùl yl uncut

t ¿5' thriving tl¿uç player selected for a
popular team [usually athleticJ
Æ.À,(t¡) 76 ìE+
I
2 r:ãÈ #ttt ø-a
â
/.';Rùtb

t ¡it¡ b fairly to gather lu.t.l

g rtu . â tobeginV-ing n tl¿, t no matter how many
V(stem)rãþ)
fnJffi-15

[>>>EÈl- t'4] -times [>>>*;Ez- ¡o]
and others
tz 4 ørì lÈú ttt¿' to flght; to compete

ß ¿ã+¡ â to visit a far-away place 18 w,) to lose (a game) lu.i.)

tãîÉl ÊTT 6

to compete in sports ¡t¡tr E lfamily namel

o +fr¡t¿up i ¿¡tt,¡.'u' the thirties IRf'J to pitch
first half
-- professional baseball tJ'- starting with -;

{¡,¿¿, ls w.tr16 including-
[>>>E*z- ¡z]
Èi+ r¡t

zt'uw+.årç*i zo -þfrãul.

ttti r, L to visit ,lvì- balter

t5 #IãT â

-û#>>>>'

î3 r¡u several people ¿_)r- .Lt-.Lfu lname of abaseball
strike-out st¿diuml
w.L 33 EF+EI
baseball stadium
p-.-ru-tf-frui 34 W+-åtñpiuã¡i to gather [u.i.J
tt, -
21 f;'¿ * ¿ instantly #*. a tournament
e'-o- hero (big) tournament

*'{r'r¡ ( not much later; soon l.'-ll v Ì. to televise

,3 È[.^L't ir¡].Tå i Pacific War t['¿'r. to cheer for
almost to participate in (an
^¿1+,'li+¿,H¿l+" 35 tâ event); to compete in
wwt{àa?--iL.
6 honorable

aÈt/u L to die inbattle .a- - West [i¿., Europe and
Americal
24 W,ffit 3' IñæI6
38 Lf{f-ivEr it â
I)7 ,-- league

þ'v | 7 t. ti-¡ central League ñÐtuë'l (t¡)

.,s'Y7 4 y2. rÌ-Z- Pacifr,cLeagae 40 ¿VriR^Xl'

ffi-,.a¡-1 both -

za

fr+Þ-¡'n¡' in recent years 42 -Hr50')*iI6,1ù, -besides
¡,t¡,vÌu t>c 1
2s to increase lu.i.l
so lt¡r'; ro 43 ffi,ù,þRa) â to gain interest
to rise [u.1.] traditional [>>>*;tz- ¡'g]
tt/u¿itâ the professional sumo
ffiWâ¿.ã+ < to play anactivepaftin sumo wrestler
45 6fñÉ!(r¡)
31
¡ot*o f.t, i
r¡ti, ¿ ( the entire nation
46 A{Hæ
33 âEl
fi*ru+
d¿" prefecture
region -ùllpf by
R championship Mongolia
Hyogo Prefecture iv ì¡v one's home
Èr¡å
ffuÞj frHLvr.LL

w'iL¡i

æW

FFtrri¡¿,* :f lt ¿,

130

>>>>> ViUa-!=!

þ

r.drff 2.il-â 3. tó?flt.' +.#Ë Ð-ù. EÎ

o- . f;f¿ ll 7.frHr:,fr.'C, â B.âft L t. g.#t:]\{La ro. Ël...
EPHE

11.Ë 12.Ifl=F 13. Htr r¿. F4 tl#L ô,

16.&E 17. EA B tB.É lq.lûÀ 20.ffi.À,(t¡)

2T.MÐ â 22.4 Ølú Æ. ñåFü zq.Rø a zs.Wi

26.ATT â 22.^+lF za.W# zg.W,ffi ¡0. df$

ïL.IÉì-â 32. R ss. ËftW ¡¿. EftzK ss. H,ù'
37. Ëdf
36.6ffñFT se. Hå

r.-ffi ) z.WF* s.-ffi +.ÊÀ,1 s.l:*ffi
2.fr)<#lH
o.w,þ, s. ËÉñfrf q. ilr$fñ ro.ËlFHJh
11.'RË rz.Éffltr
16.'ffiæ rs. Rll r+.ffiË ts.tt) ùvÆ
2r.ffi,Ð, rz.ìËS
re.fqüt'å rq. =ffi zo.lÉffi
26.&ë zz.@W zs.frrrã
zz.Wrf¡ã z+.!frffi.
zz.JrffiW
zeil+.

This radical comes from E and is used for characters representing times of
day, degrees of lightness, etc.

l-E+l lEEl fFfl rd¿

131

-llËF>>'>>

I tot lctåEa?t='undeniably; no doubt by any account' l+#z>t.tsf lxaø>t.tsl
¿r. ¿r à.,1,¿ ( ûr¿
( åãltôèt

litr EÉc ÚRÌrRHÆ/¿"ô ) .
) lÌ. (a EÄØßEffiËø+-e ñ È>ãñt¡Ø
('Ihe most famous movie director in Japan by any account must be Akira Kurosawa.)

b) È!.a ( /¡l¿/¿Ølr. fi[¿ ÊcT $r t y rt ØiltÌIlrìô ) "

BÄ¿rffiffi^Elù:

(No doubt it was thanks to America that Japan become an economic power.)

/r", -l¿clt,Ztå,cl| lãffi2 > t. z t >>> - 2Eîc úIc c ll ? f

,nl,.;r,ll¡, ,iËfi.Ìn'ìÈ A¡Èâ:ii:¡þ:ìlïj,:i,:Í ffifi, "'Lit¡:r..ùl
.,j'l
.: .L' :',"ffifi lJ;.Ìi.e',Ii ,::,,',-,4i *.,þÈ.a..,ù¡,t
lr.,.,..r.',t .;.¿:iÈ l
i,lr,,¡r,,,, r,... .,iEi¿;';::,ü -:À,:,Ê l¿e:trj '.
::al::l:a
*,'fftoi:,,,|.¡cj,aj,-.,tjrI|,¡j,

a) *+ØH-ðEä'ct¿ctt't"

(I seem to remember that it was also hot last summer. Am I right?)

b) ffiffiflrFiflË ct¿clt" (*ìEfì: ül is acceptable.)

(I seem to remember that the exam is next week. Am I right?)

ì *c)
ffiffiøÈi¿:¿' y y v 7 v F' ù¡ ' q L t¿ c tr'l "
recall [seeing it].)
(Is there a service station in front of the hospital? I don't

d) ilffi¿*t,tP T I't¿clt "
(I don't remember when the exam is- \Mould you tel1 me?)

>>>>> lt2t)l-!=!

a) HA#ltæHffiffit áe)t=1,,< ( liå r.."

(Please try to study Japanese every day.)

b) ËÀ+râù1. 7 tv¡s4 l. Í..á¡tf C j ä l=l,T r'* T.
(I make a point of earning my spending moneyby working part time.)

Qr,,, V (stem) ff A)ã =.Oeg¡n v-¡ns, l#æpt > t.g >>>ËlrnËÞrcl

ä# -+Èif.tØa)
fÁ Èr B ¿ rün v'Hu> ùr T"
(It was
ayeat ago that I started studying Japanese.)

^7 -Ìt.b) : y ffi,rr#bã ¿ çe) t,lL*.ÈÀ""

(You can't stop reading a mystery novel once you start reading [itJ.)

[V(stem) Wb â] indicates 'finish V-ing.'
:I .
,'.: .:;:..;
. i +m=m,-;; ¿?åi.và,*,wii,,i ,r."
(i finalþ finished writing apaper at 3 a.m.)

$ ''' 51 V (stem), S, l#aw¿>¿.n >>>la1 !-17 >>>lFD r.34>>>#tD l.j5>>>&HÈn]

(They formed aleam by gathering good players andplayedgames with the American team.)
¿i L itú
b) &I øt fJ. :ìEHØ F -)- t y | þT â"
-ÀÈìF+Etr:*Ë
(A number of teams gather together at Koshien for a two-week tournament.)

$ "' Question word * -?ú f#a#t > t. t s >>> friJËH: <b]

r:-Qüéstion.w@s:<I ¡;;aZ;i.t:f.u:1.ì;t N: ./;æ.ie¡¡;fAj üi-forms tollowett by r
indicate 'no matter whaflwhen/wholwhere/how often,' etc.

a) ËÀtuilãJál*. l,t?E( û *i?,Ì,.Í'T.

(Mt. Fuji is beautiful no matter when we look at it.)

b) fif ãÊ¡t( úlÁt¿ 6 /¡ ¡.[7)ì i È,+ * L r'f"3-"
(I envy people who never get fat no matter what they eat.)

c ) HÉøry¿*- I 2,16, ? €' l,f.. L- * T"
^f--ì(fOkyo is crowded with people no matter where you go.)

133

-û#>>o"

| ,r, -ãW6¡+starting with -; including -' l#at>no>>>^-7',1,-zäÉÞl

'...æ,.'..S:OhraSè..inÈ,ó. ,ótliouÈ "¡mÞtê,;ãs'io,,tlt ,.',,.'--i':r ,

a) T ) y r("¿1, 7 v l rÈ-tv¿'ffi¡f,- .,ìz I v I - 7 4 7+'v I- t¡ ¿^øz;r:-y Uffi¿

(..T.

(In America, sports such as basketball andice hockey, not to mention football, are popular.)

b) ( åäi2ôåå 6 LriL¿ù ãffid¡, l-h^Øðfftiit1r t,tù bâ"

#{iNnjiu. tffiäF5j lÉLt z¡ ¿^_ &<Ø&ffi7)ffiÊ-e

(Akira Kurosawa is the director of many famous movies such as Seuen Samurai and Ran, not to

mention Rashomon.)

$ rtt NE¿ ?T='Íor -; fo -' l#ary¡>t.sz>>>ÉfÍ!È1.¿2zl

a) ElAz\r tcT¿lËìÉø: ¿ f..ò. tf-E^riëcTItÆ.t:F'ì-6 ¿ ¿ Ù &t'tÌô ).
(There are probably lots of things which seem normal to a Japanese but strange to a foreigner.)

b) & I ø7 t y ù Øx++.\ítc7. ÞÌffiùr-ÉÉ4/¡ : å 6 Lt'.
(It seems that grades are most important for many American college students.)

$ t"r ,r,f,!='-{ype; -ic; -ical' lffia¡Vt>t.¿s>>>1ffiÉlrd]

a) HËÉtr¿ *6rlpùt'.¿Ë i L. *iü¿¿.Hår¡ €^rìô)"

(A typical Japanese souvenir might be a kimono or a fan.)

b) lTt ( 4-) ¿ ,)' lõ ( ü'l LÉ t L. FËÉ!i:H . i-â "
(It sounds masculine if you say iku zo or iku ze.)

)c ( åãù .tt ,lrr |;ãñäm,'¿Ë¿((.. ó 6.

RA¿*ËtFÉf

(Kurosawa is a world-famous movie director.)

d) ËìE-el*. ¿ØEil(. {¡ -i.zvS- þ#ÊiÊfrt.Jlzæ.t6 ) ¿ l-t t'- 6 "
(In recent years, every country is making an atlempt to use energy efficientþ leconomically.l )

,rr>vtrJ--y=yl

a) "'7ñö,/7ßþ,nþ >>>>>[âffi2]

rl¡H : ìry 4 |ftE., âÊ_ø*.8Bll*áftLt.f.'j- 1 : When you want to invite some-
one to do something, you use
Èto
expressions such as -*ÈÂ,å.,
zf V,l !. L. À. EIJ ùt. -rill Ð. -ð lu ü ¿ t îT¿.
(formally), and V t¡t. ? (infor-
úBt: D ç. j B ^.ütlf;ür å -2 L r¡ ¡,r *,Ël.'ù'1"
mally).
*,/ 4 ó. ób¿så ,¡Èr,'*T. Ìôt-u,À,tT
2:This expression is used to ac-
Èto cept an invitation to someone's

úBl: L ì-, ,.,Jr, t) -Êlô,+.t: *dât. L /: lvlt,. TÃ home. ËÆt¡ ( means "without
hesitation" and taD+*Tð lir-
*v'l l- Xfr
erally means "to intrude on some-
Ê ->"c t. 6 rt-cf I Ë"ZtùËq ¿r¿<{5uP*ðrf ( one's time." When you accept
an invitation to some event, you
4 ilTtt " D+.
rrÊËã:fT2. can say Ès ¿r. c*ffi ð $'C ( fj
ð t. (formally), È'(Iõ ( (infor-
(â, ËFñ LEffiz*.Ð-c.þ, ù)
mally), etc.
,fV4 | l,.tt. * l,at\= L(t,r¡tf 3"
3:This expression is used to close
illE: D+. */¿" an invitation sequence, saying
that you are looking forward to

ir.

b) ,,, #ËZö/ff¿¿it)â >>>>>[âfft]

wa: Íffi B 0)tfr,- ,s - I ¿ -ùs ù> â l"rì tù Ð. lr 4:Ìt * -> å implies that you can't

*+utv ll't¿vt 1 ? comply with an invitation.

@ai ÍreHùÌËJ cEao 5:Oftentimes, it is polite to ask
/f-11-I*äålr?5 this type of question, which
*rvtv
wa: ÈÈi.D+/¡t.¿r¿" would make it easier for the ad-
*+utv
rga: ffitf;årlt Lt,t ? 5 dressee to refuse your invitation.

*+vtv iÀ,- t' J:ådâ, 6:When you can't accept an in-
D ç ó, ftËl¡ r,.da" vitation, make sure you give
i 1", cÐlùtr" ltclt,<#.( (ttt¿tï)E" thanks for the invitation and ask
to be considered for another op-
âE*/¡¡îËEurtå 6"
pornrnity.

135

-û#"o"

1 ,r, Êl-lbJvl

Ã- "<7 t,- r¡ b - -,,\¿ÌB+ä. ö i *^ùÌ E##øfeE-tt-t¡., /J ð L'o B#äl*. ãilø
Ø:c- ft+.þiä?$ tr" invite) L * T. 'ËÉ¿*åH
7,3- l. r',{- I ¡ -þ-l â {u, uoo

like)" ¿ØÌ i/Ã)f-1 ¿ -ù.t¿- Éâfl*Ð/Jð!.o g+ä¿*ätrþffi.) ¿L" ftä-
i.¿.?tfT-¿D ¿:#,H l-r¡u trLùl't. ùt * ì¡.t"

tJ.+gÂ+VWfr b *
(to decline) å¡. /¡ìù'l-rùl /J

f ,,, n-lVJVl

e ,{7ù:/J b. -^ilH++^ ò i-^ùlEAø'hz l'7 7:.1) -Ø*áËj A,t:/Ì. b /Jðt'"
*áËð /,"å. +WX'ÍR-cz zì l-vzl1v"-Tr(Øt..
H++.ò#t.*T" g++

¿t¿iæZ<òÌr,."

J,', trt-wJVl

e 47 t:z¡ b. -Äùtg+ä. ò i -^ùi 4 ØË&ØEA^+ä¿: ä' ä ð l'" BA^+

4üt. H++-þHtlo)æffit:e,rÊlf L /¡ t,. Øf.-. ãtll)X.'rê¿:fäl$ L * i-" EYä¿*

HÆLØX.t:fr->T¿¿ ¿ ¿ì/¡!.Ør'H¿t*T" åÈi. Hffi¿*Ét""=Ä¿ Ü ( Èlll¿É

#îff L /¡ ð r.. (ftäÌl- ERà. È, E^L++.øX.* {" ØffiHäi&Wþ ff b . Yä/; È à¡

4 {t þtfr.-t 1f,ffiÈrîÈ 6 J i t:L-c ( ÈË !.o)

{,,,A-lVJVl

e,{ 7 i: z¡ b . -Å¿*t+ä. ò i -^lt 4 øEÊt,-/¡ b Ì¡ð ì,'" t++.ùå. Ë,€àìË¿}ì

ü:*l: Ø'c. A¡r'øWtHh^ t,o show himlher around) L l¡ t' È ,H: { t,' * T. å ¿
7).lTå /¿ r,. å :- ôþ:R.Ð1, ÊÉþ#ì.. /J ð t.o Ð ¿ 1â i ¿. ù Ë,ÍL.ât. /J ð 1..

$ "' dV2-,

a) 47t:tìù,{L. Ðôt¡2,f,-)ÈsffÈà.- ¿t L{ffiÈ7)r. !r'tlt bF'c'C. ['åà.. t

+¿.¿ ilt,/t å. /¡å-r ( /¿ ( ð¿,HFñl--c.æZ?Ff,È - ,rþ'e 2,r¿##L/Jðù'o

b) ÀL'ùt !. { *dEr.l:HFñ L. Ëf,1. ïcÆÀ:þ'É.12 ' 7I:##L r¡'ð \'" n0)

ËìEE,/¿WEù:,

H#*ØHffiþ{F.'c({¡Å!'"

>>>>> ltit)Í-!=2

EÊær*[.,p ¡ actor,/actress ñr{¿tif\¡,t,+ø rJ contemporary drarna
cartoon flit., anima(tion)J period drama
ì= S comedy Wu *rß.t ,øW

ì.* t,t - horror film ,'.lz e'-Jy r^ happy end(ing)
a r-tìr t.j- science fiction
du plot of a fitm
'h 7 -[4É

F-t7 -7

S

6'o fF*

e lft^L vÐ r--/ a y) ¿ t. iË{"- =E+øffX?ËÈ/Jðù.o

e I -,) -¿ìËìgØå*øK.t,,Éffiþtr,t|{!.*T. CD AHr.'(- !.o

^ØHpãt:Æì-/Jð

ffif¡b'
to make a lot of noise

a) Htø&6¡ )?L (family name) ttfi ¿ t. !. * Tà..
b) ì _ r) _ùìÉ#þ å.ül/¿ffi. Flløt:/¿fråìH* Lt¿Ð," E ) t_,C.tltÎ b * Tà..
c) ù-') -üÌ. E+?'fEl¿:ffi.*L/¿à..
d) ,1-1¿ -ùl'fElffiróftSbâ'c'Ui iå.o

e) Eft¿*)-') -Ø7ts-lr¿fa-7l¿¿ å ìrtbâ{" LJ i¿." t ) l-'C./ÈzJ' b *îà."

-û#>""

l¿¿ ã,lrrJ i
w
iJ-
i"

i

L

I

If.

jL ì y -ü*. 7 'Hy#lIriØl*RN+HØØx+Kffit-+c.'#Cãt.frHþH&-tW¡ Y.L#(uff.i.Øâtërtì, ++¿xElA
L ù:^d'rr ö
ù:g+ -C r,. a "

bor¿" -r"ì ¿t 10^('àu.Øl¡v-/î, 7, y rtP4 4,) zø;ÊX?Êffi

t'ffi¿,-c'. 4{vt:--tt-'c14 z)t v ! ayþîâ" -ffiIstUl*F#Èà.6FñËr¡

!.år. 1¿ z)ty!=vlJBA#r¡Ø{". sì r-¿Ì. EÄffiØHffiäl¿ ( ð

I/H,Lä ùlfrr¿å-'ä È,Ì¡ ('CX:ÆIì"

¿ : ¿¡ffi *. o'C - n E'tþ.t:- t" : ø#4È È às Y &ffi.þ+81+l--CÈRbàþ

î a ¿ å i: /¡ oÌ¿ " ffi.ô.âf"¿*,. #Ef¿t,n:-l#ù:ffi.À,È rê-r/; b l-Ì¡¡: È,

ffitg.t:¡.!¡. ô#þffi< zc i ("_ --. ì y -t:tt+lJÐîØffiWîbâ" äFfrtiS
å u. I 1È ç åE¿:lF* ->T¿o r-: I -ÌÌ't" ì ønX:È¡d¡e¿fu,üvÈ.r,.{ {¡

it ->I¿¿¡. ËÌ:rf t E â LF"crF ( HÈ.ùt'c.ft-c /¿Ø{'. r¿-þJ b ò+ (

Ëu.{L*:l¿.

ffi.1}ãØffi,81:56 ð fi.6 å . ftlãÈ: l¿" /\80)#E¿: ùl- fÉr,. I - 1 ¡v

åì!. ( .rl.Èn.fu. Æs L À,ù¡I¿ < ã À,ffiù'tl{[.]:o - ì ¡/ -ìJffi,þtrJì..{"

_¡àì: ¡ås_ Ð J. ù:Æ-¡ /¿ à r,. t-Øù,fllt'ùt¡,ù.oI¿" Là. L. &lì-#Wt:

i (. t.Æa ø 7)ì¡. ¡. r¿ ô È E,: ffiøFñøÈiùtÆ: frh''¡At:frffiËùtY ffi.

tYLH,{vI¿"Y#W.tt if-i t)-ùìÆo'c.t-âØþHâL- L¡c åô': ( b

Ll¿Ì ir¡ffiþ L(. ËffiË¿:f4¿.=ol¿" TâLfrffiËüÌjLì'/-¿:. [jL

ì y-. T*r¡u.ùÌÐ. ò: å iÈøfr,,-¡Æ-'-c) åË:/¿. ?l-r. ,'ì I-

ØÆ->( r.t¿- ffiøFåøÈiØffiù:- Y wt?.þÆà-rÌl¿"

ffi.^àåF-|,ù.->l¿åì- r ì y -ùt,/Jìi'ÉâùtgJ7r.ð d',¿tøà.- Ð i L{ ð

r38

>>>>> lt)t)I-!=!

â,,jù. È, /Ã. tt. -> /¿. H El X+-cËffiãû: {È ffi Ëf, r,. a â L. ËffiË ¿* n0) }.

i t:S i¡' "

Itr[ä(" Ì1. ffØFåØÈiù:. -ÉHIø l¡ùtÆâ : ¿ ¿:]F* : { r. 6 À,rì"
'tË ò ËÈ¿-c t Â,È ùt ¿". Y ftä¿:lÈËð d'tË + : /¿ I .l

È¡riuç professor r¡1. low LêËt.J
ffi.æ.
a grovp of students that {Et'- a smal1 cushion for
ì meets regularly with a
designated professor to ÆJì ¿ ,T sjizttJinrgt/o¡n!ll/:"Æ1âffi¿:E
6tl,¡,L study specific topics
tLr' ( to 1ay flat (to sit on)
=ilüÀÅ+ afüc)e; essay; thesis 4tot (
uJir.u' the back t:^ b U¿. 6 )Ë
to invite ,I
tE'r#-T a r,.Ffl
to get lost [:ËÈìâr). È trØrÆ
iaE *1. alcove
/4 \ /Á ôl ,(, f
Ë¿:ìt appear; arrive [:çr1
to show (someone) the E rLâ
at¿r¡-1. way to aplace < 7a)
g2!r<
F'frT A t¡ t¡A to move [u.1.]
g¡l Bu.
*r tl,a atatami room [:ËØËß ÈlÈoìiÉn T6 the next day l:4.øH)
Ël
fflä to caution
eight-mat room ll2'x72'f
.¡1¡/E1\EuEJri

e. o.e ìRØ9l;E#,¿-,, FåË : ( tr õ Ð 0) l- x ä ? It rd Ë u t.
ff u u I € 0) l-

tr a) ¿ ì I -¿tô L, 1TÈtå Êr,:ça.¡-"

nü b) ¿ì I -ttÈiù: È>ffi.e.àrH¡¿¿ Èàìó:/¿,
c) Y&wùt++,þ.0),s-1 ¿ -ù:fËlsLt:"

tr d) :¡. ì I -àìËr,./:Ëû:¿Ì. *È/a-i.r{,*tù./J¿.r/¿o
tr e ) ::t ì I -ttJ._ ft+,ìrìÆå ÌÌ1Ø L :_ ôt:Æ-c( !./¿o

6

trees.)