Green Sungava Nepali 5

gk] fn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfno kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| eQmk/' af6 :jLs[t

;'gufef

gk] fnL zª[ \vnf %

;Dkfbs af]nfO ;Lk
;'gfO ;Lk
k|eftL ls/0f k9fO ;Lk
n]vfO ;Lk
nv] s zAb1fg
afnsG] b|L lzIf0f
gf/fo0f lg/f;L Jofjxfl/s 1fg
bLks zdf{ k|ofu] k/s cEof;

gfd : .................................................................
sIff : .......................... ;S] ;g : ......................
ljBfno : ..........................................................
cleefjssf] kmf]g g+= : .........................................

;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff % 1

;'gufef

gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf %

;Dkfbs M k|eftL ls/0f
[email protected]
nv] s M gf/fo0f lg/f;L
[email protected]
bLks zdf{
[email protected]
k|sfzs M lu|g aS' ;
nlntk'/, gk] fn
;jf{lwsf/ M ;Dkfbs tyf nv] sx¿df
;+:s/0f M klxnf] -@)&$_
bf;] |f] -@)&%_
lrqfªs\ g M ks| fz ;dL/
u|flkmS; M kmf]s; sDKo'6/,
cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}“

[email protected]

d'b0| f M g]kfndf

/fi6« ufg

;of“} y“u' f km" nsf xfdL Pp6} dfnf g]kfnL
;fje{ fd} eO{ kml} nPsf dr] L dxfsfnL .

ks| [ltsf sfl] 6sfl] 6 ;Dkbfsf] cf“rn
jL/x¿sf /utn] :jtGq / c6n .

1fg el" d zflGtel" d t/fO{ kxf8 lxdfn
cv08 of] Kof/f] xfdf| ] dft[el" d g]kfn .

ax'n hflt efiff wd{ ;+:sl[ t 5g\ ljzfn
cuu| fdL /fi6« xfd|f] ho ho g]kfn .

xfdf| ] s'/f

efiff l;sfO cToGt hl6n ljifo xf] . o;nfO{ ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] ?lr, Ifdtf tyf ko| f]u Ifq] sf] cfwf/df kf7o\ jm| dn]
lgb]{zg u/]sf] p2]Zosf] lgs6 /x]/ ko| fu] ug{] dfWodsf] ¿kdf k|:tt' ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf tof/ kfl/Psf]
5 . efiff l;sfOsf j|mddf kf7\ok':tssf] e"ldsf cxd\ x'G5 . kf7\ojm| dn] lgb]{zg u/s] f] kf7\o;fdu|LnfO{
kf7o\ k':tsn] Jojl:yt u5{ . o; zª[ v\ nfnfO{ efiff l;sfOsf ;Lkx¿ afn] fO, ;g' fO, k9fO tyf n]vfOnfO{
ke| fjsf/L ¿kdf Jojl:yt ug{ pkofu] L kf7o\ k':tssf] ¿kdf tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . efiff l;sfOsf j|mddf syf,
sljtf, uLt, lgaGw, Psfªs\ L, hLjgL tyf ¿ks h:tf ljwfx¿nfO{ ke| fjsf/L dfWodsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . o;
z[ª\vnfdf klg sIffut Ifdtf / :t/sf] cfwf/df ;flxTosf ljljw ljwfx¿sf] oyf]lrt ko| f]u ul/Psf] 5 .
;g' ufef gk] fnLsf] o; zª[ \vnfdf kf7 5gf]6 tyf ltgsf] cEof; ljGof; ubf{ cToGt ;hutf ckgfOPsf] 5 .

kT| os] kf7sf] cf/De kj" s{ foa{ f6 ul/Psf] 5 . of] ljBfyLs{ f] afn] fO ;Lk;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . zAbaf6 cf/De
eP/ jfSosf] tx;Dd k'u]sf] k"j{sfo{df kf7;Fu ;DalGwt df}lvs k|Zgx¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . kf7 k9\g'eGbf cl3
ki[ 7el" d lgdf0{ fsf] ¿kdf /flvPsf o:tf kZ| gx¿sf] dfl} vs pQ/ ljBfyL{x¿af6 vfh] ]/ pgLx¿sf] Wofg
kf7tkm{ cfslif{t ug{' o;sf] dn" p2]Zo xf] . o; v08df lbOPsf zAb tyf jfSox¿af6 ljBfyL{sf] zAbf]Rrf/0f
tyf jfSo jfrgsf] Ifdtfdf ljsf;sf] ckI] ff ul/Psf] 5 .

kj" {k7gs} jm| ddf dn" kf7sf] cf/Ed ug'e{ Gbf klxnf efOalxgLx¿ † eGg] v08 /flvPsf] 5 . of] ljBfyLx{ ¿sf]
Wofg kf7lt/ tfGg] tyf kf7kl| t pgLx¿sf] ?lr hufpg] p2]Zon] /flvPsf] xf] . o;df kf7df ;ldl6Psf]
/rgfsf ;h{ssf] ;ªl\ IfKt lrgf/L / t:jL/ lbOPsf] 5 . of] ljBfyL{nfO{ sG] b|df /fv]/ tof/ kfl/Psf] eP klg
cWofkgsf j|mddf lzIfs ldqx¿nfO{ ;dt] pTk|]/ssf] ¿kdf /xf];\ eGg] s/' fdf ljz]if Wofg lbOPsf] 5 . o;
v08df ;DalGwt kf7sf n]vssf] af/df kl/ro lbP/ ljBfyL{df ;i| 6fx¿sf] kl/ro / pgLx¿kl| t ;Ddfgsf]
efj hufpg vfl] hPsf] 5 .

d"n kf7sf] k:| t'ltsf j|mddf k|Tos] ki[ 7df cK7\of/f zAbx¿nfO{ km/s /ªdf k:| t't u//] ;DalGwt k[i7df g}
zAbfy{ /flvPsf] 5 . kf7 cgs' "nsf cfsif{s lrqx¿åf/f kf7sf] k:| tl' t ul/Psf] 5 .

cEof;nfO{ k9fO, n]vfO tyf ;'gfO ;Lk ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffdf cfwfl/t eP/ tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . cEof;sf]
cf/Dedf zAb1fg /flvPsf] 5 . o;df ;DalGwt kf7df /x]sf zAbx¿sf] z'4 pRrf/0f, ltgsf] cy{, jfSodf
k|of]u, zAb e08f/ cGut{sf kofo{ jfrL zAb, ljk/LtfyL{ zAb, cg's/0ffTds zAb cflbsf] k|ofu] ;Fu ;DalGwt
cfEofl;s k|Zgx¿ /fv/] ljBfyLs{ f] zAb1fgsf] clejl[ 4 ug{] p2Z] o /flvPsf] 5 .

k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk cGtut{ kf7df k9sf] s'/f l;sf?n] a'¹] ga¹' ]sf] k/LIf0f ug{] p2Z] on] Ps jfSodf pQ/,
7Ls a7] Ls, vfnL 7fpF eg]{ tyf hf8] f ldnfpg] cEof;sf ;fy} k7gaf]wsf nflu kZ| gfx¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . o;df
;fdfGoaf6 hl6ntkm{sf] cjwf/0ffsf] cg;' /0f ul/Psf] 5 .

o;} v08df n]vfO ;Lk;Fu ;DalGwt /x/] x/]s kf7df Pp6f ;xfos kf7 /flvPsf] 5 . of] kf7 dn" kf7 h;/L
lzIf0f ug]{ p2Z] on] /flvPsf] xf]Og . ;xfos kf7df cgR' 5b] , sljtf, syf tyf ;+jfb /flvPsf 5g\ . o:tf] kf7
ljBfyL{ :jod\nfO{ ;:j/ jfrg ug{ nfpg] ga'¹s] f zAbx¿sf] cy{ atfOlbg] / pgLx¿n] cfk"mn] k9s] f] cfwf/df
lbOPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg nufpg] ugk{' 5{ . o;sf] lzIf0fsf j|mddf lzIfseGbf ljBfyL{nfO{ lj|mofzLn
agfpg vfl] hPsf] 5 . ljBfyLx{ ¿n] cfkmF} k9\g] / cfkmn}F ] cEof; ug{] u/L o;sf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 .

ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] ;'gfO ;Lksf] ljsf;sf nflu cEof;df Pp6f ;g' fO ;Lk v08 g} /flvPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu
klg syf, sljtf, cgR' 5b] nufotsf 5f]6f ;fduL| x¿sf] 5gf6] ul/Psf] 5 . ;g' fO ;Lksf nflu k:' tssf]
cGTodf kf7x¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . oL kf7x¿nfO{ /]s8{ u/]/ l;8Ldf ;dfjz] ul/Psf] 5 . pQm l;8Ldf kf7df
ePsf sljtfx¿sf] ;:j/ jfrg klg /x]sf] 5 . lzIfsnfO{ l;8L k|fKt ePkl5 l;8L ahfP/ sIffdf ;'gfpg]
/ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ kf7df lbOPsf cEof; u/fpg] p2]Zon] of] v08 /flvPsf] xf] l;8L k|Kt x'g g;s]sf] jf
ljBfnodf ahfpg] Joj:yf gePsf] cj:yfdf lzIfsn] ;DalGwt kf7 sIffdf ;g' fpg] / cEof; u/fpg] ug'{
/fdf| ] xG' 5 . ;g' fO ;Lkdf ePsf] cEof; sIff sfo{sf] k|ofh] gsf nflu xf] .

afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ l;hg{ zLn agfpg], pgLx¿sf] /rgfTds Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zon] cEof;df l;h{gfTds
;Lk ljz]if v08sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o;df ljBfyL{sf] l;hg{ fTds Ifdtfsf] clejl[ 4sf nflu sljtf, lgaGw,
hLjgL, syf cflb n]vgsf] kl/ro / cEof; lbP/ To;df ?lrk"0f{ ;xeflutfsf nflu clek|]l/t ul/Psf] 5 .
of] v08sf] cEof;kl5 ljBfyL{x¿ ljBfnodf x'g] tyf cGo kl| tof]lutfTds lj|mofsnfkdf vn' /] ;xefuL x'g
;Sg] 5g\ .

efiff l;sfOsf j|mddf Jofs/0fsf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 . kf7df cEof; cGtut{ Jofs/0f ;Lk eGg] v08
/flvPsf] 5 . o;df kf7\jm| dn] lgwf/{ 0f u/]cg;' f/sf Jofs/0fsf zLif{sx¿nfO{ ko| f]uk/s cEof; u/fpg] p2]Zo
/flvPsf] 5 . Jofs/0fsf] yk cEof;sf nflu xfdLn] g} tof/ kf/]sf] ;'gufef gk] fnL Jofs/0fsf] cEof;
u/fpg ;lsg] 5 .

cEof; ljGof;sf j|mddf clGtd v08sf] ¿kdf ;fdfGo 1fg /flvPsf] 5 . o;df ljleGg efu} fl] ns, ;f+:s[lts,
k|fsl[ ts, j}1flgs tyf wflds{ ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt 1fgsf s/' fx¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . of] ljBfyL{x¿sf] :jfWoogsf
nflu xf] .

lzIfs ;fyL ¤ ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ cEof;df ePsf ;a} v08x¿ Psk} 6s cEof; u/fpg'xb'F }g . sIffsfo{sf] ¿kdf
jf u[xsfo{sf] ¿kdf Ps lbgdf Pp6f v08sf] dfq cEof; u/fpg' /fd|f] xG' 5 . c? v08df ePsf cEof;x¿nfO{
Ps lbgsf] nflu Pp6f v08 5gf6] u/] klg k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk eg] km/skm/s lbgdf g} cEof; u/fpg' pkoQ' m
xG' 5 .

k':tsdf kf7sf] ¿kdf hf]hf] ;i| 6fx¿sf] l;hg{ f /flvPsf] 5 pxfFx¿kl| t xfdL xflbs{ st[ 1 5fF} . kf7sf]

ddc{ g;' f/sf] lrq agfOlbg] k|sfz ;dL/, cfsif{s k[i7 ;+ofh] g ug{] kmfs] ; sDKo6' /sf /dz] dxh{g

tyf k:' tsnfO{ cfsifs{ :j¿kdf k|sfzg ug{] lug| a'S;kl| t ljzi] f cfef/ JoQm ub5{ fF} . k|:tt' k:' tsnfO{

efiff lzIf0fsf] nflu pkof]uL ;fdu|Lsf] ¿kdf tof/ kfg]{ xfd|f] k|of;df lj1 kf7s, lzIfs, ljBfyL{ tyf

cleefjsx¿af6 cfpg] ;¹' fj tyf ;Nnfx xfdf| nflu dfu{bzs{ aGg] 5g\ . cfufdL lbgdf k':tsnfO{ c¹

k|efjsf/L agfpg kl/isf/ / kl/dfh{g ub{} hfg] jfrf ub{5f}F . n]vs tyf ;Dkfbs

;g' ufef

gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf %

ljifo ;"rL

kf7 ! psfnLdf r9] klg uLt lbgz] clwsf/L 7
kf7 @ :jfb syf >i] 7 lko| f ‘kTy/’ 16
kf7 # st{Jo lgaGw – 30
kf7 $ l;kmfl/; kfp“m lgjb] g – 43
kf7 % lrQw/ xb[ o hLjgL ljdn ef}sfhL 54
kf7 ^ cfdf sljtf ;f]d lg/f}nf 68
kf7 & ef;' eL/sf] e"t syf dl0f nfx] gL 79
kf7 * afN] g] leQ]38L gf6s si[ 0f zfx ofqL 93
kf7 ( sDKo'6/ cfTdsyf – 108
kf7 !) eljio b[li6 sljtf /d]z ze' ]R5' 123
kf7 !! efn] af:of] syf cgdfn] dl0f 134
kf7 !@ dnfnf o;' 'kmhO{ hLjgL – 147
kf7 !# bª' g\ fu9L ofqf;+:d/0f oj' /fh gof3F / ] 160
kf7 !$ d/] f] bz] sljtf bLkG] b| clwsf/L 173
kf7 !% lzIffladf syf uLtf lqkf7L 184
kf7 !^ kfgL3§ lgaGw – 197

kf7 ! psfnLdf r9] klg

uLt lbg]z clwsf/L

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ ;an} ] k9 M

dflg; ;fdflhs k|f0fL xf] . dflg;nfO{ Pscsfs{ f] ;xf/f rflxG5 .

dflg; PSn} afRF g ;Sb}g . dflg; ;a} Ps xf}F .

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 7

tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ eg M

d s] ltdLn] dflg;sf] dxŒjnfO{ a'¹]sf 5f} <
d xfdL dflg;x¿ gePsf] 7fpdF f uP/ PSn} a:g ;S5fF} t <
d dflg;nfO{ lsg ;fdflhs kf| 0fL elgPsf] xf] <
d cfk"mnfO{ k/s] f] jn] fdf c¿ s;}n] ;xofu] u¥of] eg] s:tf] nfU5 <
d dflg;n] dflg;nfO{ g} lsg bM' v lbG5 xf]nf <
d dflg;n] cfÇgf] gfd sf]af6 ;'Gg ;S5 <

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M

d dfG5n] ] psfnL cf/] fnL ;a}lt/ dfG5n] fO{ g} e]6\g rfxG5 .
d dfG5l] jgf dflg;sf] lhGbuL k"/f x'bF }g .
d dfG5]nfO{ dfG5s] f] dxŒj b]jtfsf] eGbf klg w/] } xG' 5 .
d dflg; g} dflg;sf] zq' / ldq b'j} xG' 5 .
d dfG5s] f] ;xfotfljgf dfG5] PSn} afFRg ;Sb}g .
d cfÇgf] gfpF ;G' gsf nflu dfG5]nfO{ csf]{ dfG5] rflxG5 .
d dfG5n] fO{ 5f]8]/ hfg] 7fpF sxLF klg 5}g .

8 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff %

psfnLdf r9] klg uLtsf /rgfsf/ lbg]z clwsf/L xg' \ . logL g]kfnL ;flxTodf
slj tyf uLtsf/sf ¿kdf ;k' l/lrt 5g\ . cflbd cfjfh, wtL{sf] uLt, clj/fd
ofqf, OGbh| fqf, dg / df]8x¿, cltl/Qm clen]v, cfÇg} dg cfÇg} cfuF g cflb
sl[ tsf /rgfsf/ clwsf/Ln] ;f¹f k'/:sf/ tyf dbg k'/:sf/ kfPsf 5g\ .
bz] nfO{ dfof u/]/ b]zs} dlxdf ufpg ?rfpg] clwsf/Lsf uLt tyf sljtfdf
dfG5]nfO{ w]/} dfof ul/Psf] x'G5 . cfkm" psfnL, cf/] fnL, bp] /fnL eGHofª hxfF uP klg dflg;nfO{
bV] g rfxg] sljsf] ljrf/ ‘psfnLdf r9] klg’ uLtdf k:| t't ePsf] 5 . dfG5s] f] j/k/ dfG5s] }
jf; xG' 5 . dfG5]sf] cfjZostf dfG5a] f6} k"/f x'G5 To;}n] klg dfG5n] fO{ dfof ug]{ Ifdtf
dfG5]df xg' 'k5{ . dfG5l] eq OZ{ j/ xG' 5 . h;n] dfG5]sf] ;]jf u5{ p;n] O{Zj/sf] ;]jf u/s] f] x'G5
eGg] s'/f of] uLtdf JoQm ePsf] 5 .

psfnLdf r9] klg dfG5]nfO{ b]vF"
¹bf{ kml] / cf]/fnLdf dfG5n] fO{ e6] F" .

x;F fP lg ?jfP lg, nufP lg 3fp
dfG5]eGbf 6f9f xh/' ¤ 5g} hfg] 7fpF .

yfk] fyfk] f cfF;';Fu} v;]sf] 5 dfG5]
b]ptfeGbf glhs e} a;s] f] 5 dfG5] .

yfk] klg ¹S' ofP/ n8fpg] bfp
dfG5]eGbf 6f9f xh'/ ¤ 5g} hfg] 7fpF .

afRF g'k¥of] PSn} eg] eL/ xg' ] ls vfn] f < zAbf {y psfnL M xf]rf] efuaf6 dfly nfus] f] ;fgf] 7fpF
;D¹bF f lg 5ftL kfN] 5 s] kf] ug{] xfn] f < cf/] fnL M cUnf] 7fpaF f6 tn ¹/s] f] ;fgf] 7fpF
3fp M rf]6k6s
csf]{ dfG5] rflxFbf] /}’5 ;'Gg cfÇg} gfpF bfp M sg' } sfdsf nflu cgs' "n xg' ] cj;/,
dfG5]eGbf 6f9f xh/' ¤ 5g} hfg] 7fpF .
dfs} f
eL/ M Psbd 7f8f] k/]sf] kx/f]

;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff % 9

! tnsf zAbx¿sf] z4' pRrf/0f u/ M

yf]kfyfk] f, b]ptf, ¹'SofP/, ;D¹Fbf, bfp, 6f9f, dfG5]eGbf

@= tnsf dWo] z'4 zAbdf /h] f -µ_ nufpm M

!= c_ pmsfnL cf_ psfln O_ psfnL O_{ pmsfln

@= c_ b]pm6f cf_ b]ptf O_ b]pmtf O{_ w]ptf

#= c_ afRgk' ¥of] cf_ afRgk" ¥of] O_ afFRg'k/\of ] O{_ afFRgk' ¥of]

$= c_ cfF;';Fu} cf_ cf;';u } O_ cfF;;' u } O_{ cfFz;' Fu}

#= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M

psfnL, vfn] f, dfG5], yf]kf, 7fp,F csf{]

$= dflysf] uLtaf6 rGbl| jGb'sf] k|ofu] ul/Psf zAbx¿ vfh] /] n]v .

%= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M

;dx" ‘s’ ;d"x ‘v’

dgi' o 7n" f]

b"/ 7fpF

;dLk ;D¹gf

:yfg 6f9f

:d/0f dfG5]

b]jtf afRF g'

lhpg' b]ptf

ljzfn glhs

10 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff %

^= tnsf ljk/LtfyL{ zAbl;t hf]8f ldnfpm M

psfnL /fIf;

xf:F g ' dg{'

cfF;' glhs

bp] tf ?g'

6f9f la;{g'

afFRg' xfF;f]

;D¹g ' cf/] fnL

k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk

!= Ps jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ ‘psfnLdf r9] klg’ uLtsf /rgfsf/ sf] x'g\ <
v_ uLtsf/n] dfG5n] fO{ sxfFsxfF e6] g\ rfx]sf 5g\ <
u_ dfG5]eGbf 6f9f s] 5}g <
3_ cfÇg} gfpF ;G' g s] rflxG5 <
ª_ uLtsf/sf] 5ftL lsg kfn] s] f] 5 <
@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ ‘dfG5e] Gbf 6f9f xh'/ ¤ 5}g hfg] 7fpF’ eGgs' f] cy{ s] xf] <
v_ dfG5s] f] :jefj s:tf] xG' 5 <
u_ dfG5]nfO{ lsg dfG5s] f] ;fy rflxG5 <
#= efj :ki6 kf/ M
afRF g'k¥of] PSn} eg] eL/ xg' ] ls vf]nf <
;D¹Fbf lg 5ftL kf]N5 s] kf] ug]{ xf]nf <
$= ‘psfnLdf r9] klg’ uLtdf uLtsf/n] dfG5]sf] dxŒjnfO{ s;/L k:| t't u/]sf 5g\ <

;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff % 11

tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M

dfG5n] fO{ ‘dgi' o’, ‘dfgj’, ‘dflg;’ jf ‘g/’ eg]/
klg lrlgG5 . klxnk] lxn] dfG5] hª\unL hgfj/;uF
hªu\ nsf] cfN] nfk] Nnf] cf8] f/df a:Yof] . kl5kl5
dfG5]sf] a'l4n] ubf{ pm sk8f nufpg,] cfufd] f
ksfP/ vfg] ug{ yfNof] . dfG5]n] hªu\ n 5f8/]
cfÇgf] 5§' } a:tL agfP/ a:g yfNof] . dfG5n] ] dfG5]s}
;fy /fH] of] . dfG5] ;fdflhs k|f0fLsf] ¿kdf lrlgg
yfNof] . dfG5]n] dfG5l] jgfsf] hLjgsf] sNkgf klg ug{ ;Sbg} . dfG5] gePsf] PsfGt 7fpFdf
dfG5] a:g ;Sb}g . dfG5n] fO{ dfG5]n] ;weF} l/ /fd|f] ug{ ;Sbg} . dfG5]dfG5]sf aLrdf n8fOF,
¹u8f xG' 5 . t/ klg dfG5]n] dfG5]nfO{ 5f]8]/ hfg ;Sbg} . Pp6f dfG5n] ] csf]{ dfG5n] fO{ lht/]
dfq xf]Og, n8fP/ cufl8 a9\g vfH] 5 . o;/L dfG5]n] dfG5n] fO{ hlt wfs] f lbP klg p;nfO{
dfG5s] f] ;fy geO{ xb'F }g . Pp6f dfG5n] ] csf{] dfG5n] fO{ ;xof]u dfq xfO] g† c;xofu] klg
ub5{ . dfG5n] ] dfG5n] fO{ xF;fpg] dfq xf]Og ?jfpF5 klg . t/ klg dfG5]n] dfG5s] f] ;fy 5f]8\g
;s]sf] 5g} . dfG5n] ] dfG5n] fO{ g} e6] /] pm;uF xf:F g v]Ng / /dfpg rfxG5 .

s= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s n]v M

dgi' o, al' 4, hªu\ n, cfN] nf]kNnf,] n8fOF, ;weF} l/

v= 7Ls eP 7Ls / a7] Ls eP a7] Ls nv] M

s_ dfG5] ;fdflhs kf| 0fL xfO] g .

v_ klxn] dfG5]n] sk8f nufpFb}gYof] .

u_ hªu\ nL hgfj/n] eufpgfn] dfG5] a:tLdf a:g yfNof] .

3_ dfG5] dfG5]ljgf hLjgdf /dfpg ;Sbg} .

ª_ dfG5] kzn' fO{ e6] ]/ /dfpg rfxG5 .

u= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M

!_ dfG5n] fO{ sg' s'g zAbaf6 klg lrGg ;lsG5 <
===========================================================================================

12 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff %

@_ dfG5] s:tf] k|f0fLsf] ¿kdf lrlgg yfns] f] 5 <
===========================================================================================

#_ dfG5n] ] s:tf] cj:yfdf klg dfG5]sf] ;fy 5f8] g\ ;Sbg} <
===========================================================================================

$_ dfG5n] ] dfG5n] fO{ ug{] /fd|f Jojxf/x¿ ss] ] xg' \ <
===========================================================================================

%_ dfG5n] ] dfG5]nfO{ ug{] g/fdf| Jojxf/x¿ ss] ] xg' \ <
===========================================================================================

;g' fO ;Lk

-k[i7 @!) df lbOPsf] sljtf_
lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;g' / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M
s_ s] ubf{ hftL x'G5 <
v_ xfdLn] s'gs'g s'/fnfO{ TofUg'k5{ <
u_ s] s'/f km/flsnf] aGb} hfgk' 5{ <
3_ ;f/ªu\ Lsf] efsf s:tf] x'G5 <
ª_ ;;+ f/df 7"nf] sf] xG' 5 <
@= afs;af6 vfnL 7fpdF f 7Ls pQ/ e/ M
d}nf,] dfG5], xflg, dL7f,] lgEgx' G' g
s_ ======================== h:tf] b'lgofdF f sf]xL ;fyL x'Gg .
v_ csfn{ fO{ vfN8f] vGbf cfkmFn} fO{ ======================== x'G5 .
u_ ======================== jrg af]Nbfvl] / sf]xL ;fgf] xG' g .

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 13

3_ dgdf ======================== /fVg'x'Gg cfha} f6 kmfn .
ª_ cefjn] sfx] L s;s} f] r'nf] ======================== .

Jofs/0f ;Lk

km/s–km/s zAbn] Pp6} cy{ lbP eg] To:tf zAb kofo{ jfrL zAb x'g\ . p:t}p:t} cy{ lbg]
zAbnfO{ kofo{ jfrL zAb elgG5 .

!= tnsf kofo{ jfrL zAb k9 M

dflg; M g/, dfgj aa' f M af, lktf

;x/ M gu/, k'/ kxf8 M lul/, kjt{

ul/a M lgw{g, sª\ufn u'? M lzIfs, cWofks

5x/f] M ¹gf{, 5fFuf] ;+;f/ M ljZj, nf]s

gbL M ;l/tf, vfn] f] ;"o{ M 3fd, efg'

b]z M /fi6,« dn' s' gfs] / M ;]js, bf;

sz] M /f,F} skfn af6f] M dfu{, ky

@= ldNg] kof{ojfrL zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fpFdf e/ M

s= ‘gbL’ sf] kofo{ jfrL zAb ===================== xf] . -;l/tf, cl:dtf, ;'lgtf_

v= ‘;x/’ sf] kofo{ jfrL zAb ===================== xf] . -yg' , k'/, ufp_F

u= ‘af6f]’ sf] kof{ojfrL zAb ===================== xf] . -ky, 8f/] L,au/_

3= ‘;+;f/’ sf] kof{ojfrL zAb ===================== xf] . -ljZj, kb| z] , :jb]z_

ª= ‘5x/f’ sf] kof{ojfrL zAb ===================== xf] . -vfn] f, xfuF f, 5fuF f_

r= ‘u'?’ sf] kofo{ jfrL zAb ===================== xf] . -lzIfs, bLIfs, kqsf/_

5= ‘dfG5]’ sf] kof{ojfrL zAb ===================== xf] . -b}To, dfgj, bj] tf_

14 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff %

#= hf]8f ldnfpm M lktf
ul/a ;]js
b]z lul/
sz] lgw{g
aa' f /f}F
kxf8 /fi6«
gfs] /

l;hg{ fTds ;Lk

!= kf7df k9]sf] uLtsf] nodf Pp6f uLt n]v .
@= ltdLnfO{ dg k/]sf] sg' } Pp6f ljifodf sljtf n]v clg sIffdf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm .

s'g vn] sf] Ps ;dx" df slt vn] f8L x'G5g\ <

elnan ^

km'6an !!

af:s6] an %

a;] an (

vfv] f] (

ljm| s]6 !!

sa88\ L &

xsL !!

kf]nf] $

Aof8ldG6g ! cyjf @

r;] !

;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff % 15

kf7 @ :jfb

syf

>i] 7 lko| f ‘kTy/’

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ ;an} ] k9 M

cfxf ¤ cfdfn] agfpge' Psf] wt\ ¤ af6f]df aR] g /fvs] f]
vfhf slt dL7f] /x5] . vfgs] '/f klg vfG5g\ t .

nfg} lg ¤ h] kfof] ToxL 8fS6/ cªs\ n aflx/sf] vfgf
vfP/ d]/f] k]6 b'Vof] . gvfg ;Nnfx lbgx' G' 5 .

16 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff %

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eg M

d s] ltdLnfO{ slxn]sfxLF k6] bV' 5 <
d s] ltdL aflx/sf] vfgs] /' f vfG5f} <
d aflx/sf] vfg]s/' fn] xfdLnfO{ xflg k'¥ofp5F eGg] s'/f ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 <
d ltdL la/fdL eof} eg] cfdfafafnfO{ eG5f} <
d cfdfafaf;Fu ¹'6f] afN] gx' bF' }g eGg] s/' f ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 ls 5}g <

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M

d xfdLn] vfgf vfgc' l3 ;fag' kfgLn] xft wg' 'k5{ .
d aflx/sf] vfgf vfPdf k]6 b'V5 .
d hxfF kfof] ToxLsF f] vfg]s'/f vfPdf xfd|f] k6] df ljleGg /fu] x¿ kb} f u5{ .
d :j:y /xgsf nflu tfhf, ;kmf / ;fhL vfg]s'/f vfgk' 5{ .
d cfdfafaf;uF ¹6' f] afN] bf cfkm}FnfO{ xflg x'G5 .
d cfhef]ln d cfdfn] lbg'ePsf] vfhf dfq vfg] u5'{ .

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 17

;Fu}sf] t:jL/ >i] 7 lk|of kTy/sf] xf] . logL g]kfnL ;flxTosf nf]slk|o uhnsf/
tyf syfsf/ xg' \ . logsf uhn, syf, sljtf cflbsf w/] } k:' tsx¿ k|sfzg
ePsf 5g\ . logn] afnaflnsfx¿sf nflu klg syf, sljtfx¿ nv] ]sL
5g\ . afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ c;n af6f] b]vfpg, pgLx¿nfO{ /dfOnf] nfUg] zn} Ldf
pgLx¿s} ljifonfO{ logsf syfdf k:| tt' ul/Psf] xG' 5 . xfdLn] dL7f] :jfbsf
nflu aflx/sf] vfgs] /' f vfgx' 'Gg . 3/df cfkm" n] agfPsf] h:tf] :j:y vfgf aflx/ kfOGg .
syfdf Pp6f afns aflx/sf] vfgf vfP/ s;/L ;d:ofdf k/]sf] 5 eGg] s/' f b]vfOPsf] 5 .
xfdL vfg]s'/fdf dL7f] :jfb vfH] 5f}F . :jfbsf nflu vfgfdf cg]s ks| f/sf /;fogx¿ /flvPsf
x'G5g\ . To:tf /;fogx¿n] z/L/nfO{ xflg u5g{ \ . :jfbsf] kl5 nfUbf syfsf] kfqnfO{ s:tf] xflg
ePsf] /x]5† kf7 k9/] a'¹ M

afaf sltv/] aflx/ lg:sgx' f]nf eg]/ d cfu“ gdf
pleP/ s'b{} lyP“ lsgeg] cfh klg afafl;t dn} ] k;} f
km'Tsfpgk' g{] lyof] . Tof] s'/fsf] cfdfnfO{ kQf] klg
lbg'x'“bg} Yof] . To;}n] an v]Ng] lgx'“df cfwf 306fbl] v
d aflx/ g} lyP“ . ahf/df afafsf] k;n lyof] . afaf
laxfgsf] lrof–vfhf vfP/ cf7 ahl] t/ sfddf
lg:sgx' 'GYof] . Toltv/] cfdf 3/sf] sfddf Jo:t
xg' x' 'GYof] . afafl;t k;} f dfUg] oxL g} plrt ;do
lyof] .

d]/f] v§' f anlt/ lyof] eg,] cf“vf 3/sf] 9fs] flt/ . afaf aflx/ lg:sge' of] . clg cfu“ gdf
78\ofP/ /flvPsf] df]6/;fOsndf r9]/ xn] d6] nufpg'eof] . ToxL ;dodf d afaf glhs k'u]“ .

‘s] xf] <’ afafn] ;f]Wge' of] .

‘afaf ;/n] v]nsb' sf] nflu lkm; dfUg'ePsf] 5 .’ d}n] egF] .

‘slt <’ afafn] df]6/;fOsndf lss xfGgx' '“b} ;f]Wge' of] .

zAbfy{ plrt M pkoQ' m lss M nfQLn] xfGg] sfd

18 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff %

‘kf“r ;o .’ dn} ] w'srs' x“'b} ¹6' f] af]n“] .

‘t]/f ;/x¿ klg slt lkm; dfq dfU5g\ <’ eGb}
afafn] vNtLaf6 kfr“ ;osf] gf]6 lgsfn]/ d/] f]
xftdf /flvlbge' of] / xtktfpb“ } lg:sge' of] .

d/] f] xftdf kf“r ;osf] gf6] lyof] .

‘x/' ]{ .’ o'4 lht]¹}“ d v';Ln] lrRofP“ .

;f9] gf} ah] :sn' hfg' lyof] . cfdfn] vfgf tof/
u//] dnfO{ dfof ub{} vj' fpg'eof] . d :s'nsf]
8;]« nufP/, lstfasf] ¹fn] f le//] tof/ eP“ . cfdfn] d/] f] xftdf l6lkmg aS; lbge' of] .
:s'nsf] a; cfPkl5 a;df r9]/ ;fyLx¿;u“ ukm ub{} d :s'n uP“ .

l6lkmg 6foddf ;a} ;fyLx¿n] l6lkmg aS; vfn] ] . dnfO{ yfxf lyof] . cfh klg cfdfn] l6lkmg
aS;df /f]6L, t/sf/L / Pp6f s]/f /flvlbg'ePsf] xfn] f . of eh' f,Ro/' f of e'6s] f] ds} / rgf
/flvlbg'ePsf] xfn] f .

‘5o\ f o:tf] vfhf klg sf]xL vfG5g\ < cfh t kf“r;osf] gf6] 5, dL7f] vfhf vfg'k5{ .’

d}n] cfÇgf] l6lkmg aS; sIffsf] ;fyLnfO{ lbP“ . pm v';L eof] . d o:t} u/]/ 3/sf] vfhf x/]s
lbg sg' } g s'g} ;fyLnfO{ lbg] uy{“] .

d :sn' sf] u6] aflx/ uP“ . u]6aflx/ rfprfp, rfpldg, dMd aR] g] /fh' bfbfsf] 7n] f lyof] . y'k|}
ljBfyLx{ ¿ pgn] agfPsf] vfhf vfbF } lyP . dn} ] /fh' bfbfnfO{ cfwf Kn]6 rfpldg agfpg eg]“ .
/fh' bfbfn] agfPsf] rfpldg lgs} dL7f] xG' Yof] . d/] f y'k|} ;fyLx¿ pgsf] 7]nf jl/kl/ ¹'lDdGy] .

/fh' bfbfn] rfpldgsf nx/fx¿ km| fOkg] df /fv] / tfg{ yfn] . pgn] rfpldgdf v} s]s] d;nf
xfn] . af]tnaf6 cldnf] kfgL vGofP . /ftf] /ªh:tf] j:t' xfn] . rfpldg x]bd{} f vfpm“–vfpm“
h:tf] nfe] nfUbf] lyof] . rfpldg tof/ u/]/ pgn] Kn]6df lbP . tftf]–tftf] rfpldgsf] :jfb
uhasf] dL7f] lyof] .

zAbf {y ws' r's M zªs\ f dfg/] ul/g] sfd 7n] f M 7]n]/ u'8fOg] ;jf/L ;fwg
xtktfp“b} M cflQFb} uha M cgf}7f]
o'4 M n8fOF

;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff % 19

o;/L g} d sg' } g sg' } axfgf u//] afafl;t k;} f dfUy“] clg /fh' bfbfsf] 7n] fdf cfP/ slxn]
rfpldg, slxn] rfprfp t slxn] ;df];f / dMd vfGy“] . 3/sf] vfhf dnfO{ lkmSsf :jfbsf]
nfUYof] / ;w“} ;fyLx¿nfO{ afl“ 8lbGy“] .

Ps lbg crfgs vfhf vfO;sk] l5 d]/f]
k6] kf]Nof] . cfdfn] lbg'ePsf] tD' n6] sf] kfgL
3'6\SofP“ . Psl5gkl5 k6] kfN] g zfGt eof] .
t/ kl5 x/]s lbgh;f] /fh' bfbfsf] 7]nfsf]
vfhf vfO;s]kl5 k]6 kfN] g] ug{ yfNof] . kfgL
lkP/ klg k]6sf] hng zfGt x'g ;s]g . k6]
kf]n]sf] s/' f d cfdfl;t ns' fpy“ “] . t/ Ps
lbg t ;fx|} kf]Nof] . la5\ofg} fdf kN6]/ d 56k6fpg yfn]sf] cfdfn] b]Vg'eP5 / dnfO{ ‘s]
eof] afa' <’ eg/] ;fW] ge' of] . d}n] k]6 kfn] ]sf] s/' f geg/] ;V' v} kfOgF . cfdfn] dnfO{ t?' Gt}
8fS6/sxfF lnP/ hfge' of] . 8fS6/n] k]6 5fd5d' ul/;sk] l5 OG8f]:skL ug'k{ 5{ eg/] eGg'eof] .

OG8f:] skL vfgf gvfbF } vfnL k6] df ug'{kg{] /x5] . cfdfn] ef]ln ef]sf] k6] df ug{] egL dnfO{
3/df k¥' ofpge' of] . pxfn“ ] /flt afafl;t d]/f] ladf/sf] s/' f eGg'eof] . ef]lnkN6 efs] f] k]6df
dnfO{ lnP/ afaf / cfdf 8fS6/sxfF hfge' of] . 8fS6/n] OG8f]:skL ug{ d]/f] d'vleq dl] ;g
hfl] 8Psf] nfdf] kfOk l5/fOlbge' of] . dnfO{ jfsjfsL x'g yfNof] . ;fx|} ufx|f] kf] xg' ] /x5] of]
OG8f:] skL eg]sf] t .

OG8f]:skL ul/;s]kl5 8fS6/n] d/] f] k]6sf] cfdfzodf yk' }| lald/f ePsf] s/' f eGg'eof] .
/ dnfO{ –‘aflx/sf] vfhf vfG5f} <’ egL ;fW] g'eof] .

‘xfO] g 8fS6/;fa vfhf t ;w}“ dn} ] g} agfP/ lbG5' .’ d}n] af]Nge' Gbf cufl8 g} cfdfn] hjfkm
lbge' of] .

‘tkfO“n{ ] To;f] eg/] x'G5 / < xg] f{;] \ aRrfx¿ h] kfof] ToxL kmf:6km8' vfG5g\ clg o:tf] vfnsf]
ladf/L x'g] u5g{ \ .’ 8fS6/n] b[9tfkj" {s eGg'eof] .

zAbf {y axfgf M lgx'F cfdfzo M vfPsf] kbfy{ /xg] k]6leqsf] yn} L
lkmSsf M :jfb gePsf] lald/f M ;fgf;fgf vl6/f
tD' n]6 M kfgL /fVg] ef8F f] kmf:6km8' M l56f] tof/ x'g,] vfbF f dL7f] xg' ]
hng x'g' M kf]Ng'
OG8f]:skL M dv' af6 kfOk l5/fP/ cfGb|fsf] vfg] s/' f
b9[ tfkj" s{ M 9'Ss eP/
kmf6] f] lvRg] ;fwg

20 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff %

cfdf / afaf b'j} hgf 5Ss kge'{ of] .

‘tF}n] slxn] aflx/sf] kmf:6km'8 vfO;\ afa' <’ cfdfn] ;f]Wge' of] .

ca eg] dn} ] 9f6“ \g ;lsgF . d}n] kmf:6km8' vfg] u/s] f] s'/f :jLsf/ u/“] .

‘k;} f sfa“ f6 kfpg] uly;{ \ <’

‘cgs] axfgf u/]/ afafl;t dfUg] uy]F{ .’ dn} ] 6fpsf] lgx/' fpb“ } egF] .

‘t“ dl;t 9f6“ /] k};f lnlGy;\ <’ afaf pbs] xg' e' of] .

‘dnfO{ /fh' bfbfsf] 7n] fsf] rfpldg, rfprfp, ;df;] f, dMd dg kYof{] .’ d}n] nlHht x“'b} egF] .

‘b]Vg'eof] :s'nn] k};f lsg dfUof] < slt dfUof] eGg] s'/f tkfO{n+ ] :sn' sf ;/x¿l;t g;fw] ]sf]
glthf <’ cfdf lbSs x'ge' of] .

‘x]gf{];\, ca cfk;df ¹u8f u/]/ s]xL kmfObf 5g} . a? eljiodf ;rt] x'g] s/' f tkfOx{“ ¿
tLg} hgfn] ;fR] gk' 5{ .’ 8fS6/n] xfdLlt/ xb] }{ cufl8 eGg'eof,] – ‘x]/ afa', aflx/ vn' f 7fpd“ f
a]Rg /flvPsf] vfgs] /' f vfgx' “b' }g . rfpldg, rfprfp ltdLnfO{ lsg dL7f] nfU5 yfxf 5 <
lsgeg] To;df e]gu] / h:tf] cldnf] Pl;8 /flvPsf] x'G5 . clg To;df clhgfd] f]6fh] :tf]
ckfRo / z/L/sf] nflu xflgsf/s j:t' xflnG5 . h;n] vfgs] '/fsf] :jfbnfO{ ltVv/ agfp“5
clg To;df cfjZostfeGbf a9L gg' , v;' f{gL / u/d d;nfx¿ xflnG5g\ . af/Daf/ vfg]s'/f
tf/]sf] k/' fgf] tn] df tL vfgs] '/fx¿ tfl/G5g\ . To:tf vfg]s/' f vfPdf xfd|f] kfrgy}nLdf
k5{ . xfdf| ] kfrgy}nLsf leQfx¿ sdhf]/ xG' 5g\ / Toxf“ lald/f, vl6/fx¿ cfpg yfN5g\ .
;dod} pkrf/ gePdf Toxf“ cN;/h:tf] vt/gfs /f]u nfU5 . cN;/sf] klg /fd|f] pkrf/
xg' g;s]df SofG;/ x'g ;S5 . To;n} ] ltdLn] cfdfn] agfP/ lbPsf] vfhf dfq vfgk' 5{ . Tof]
vfhf kmf:6km8' h:tf] :jflbnf] geP klg z/L/nfO{ cfjZos kg{] kfl} i6s tŒjn] el/Psf] x'G5 .
aˆ' of} <’

zAbf {y pbs] M crDd ckfRo M gkRg]
;rt] M ;fjwfg ltVv/ M t]lhnf]
Pl;8 M Ps k|sf/sf] xflgsf/s cldnf] kfrgy}nL M cGg kRg] y}nL
cN;/ M cfGb|fdf 3fp xg' ] Ps k|sf/sf]
j:t'
clhgf]df]6f ] M vfgfnfO{ :jflbnf] agfpg] /f]u
kfl} i6s tŒj M z/L/nfO{ kmfObf x'g] tŒj
xflgsf/s j:t'
;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff % 21

‘a'¹]“ 8fS6/;fa . ca To:tf] vfgs] '/f vfGgF .’ d}n] eg“] . jf:tjdf 8fS6/n] eGge' Ph:tf] /fu]
nfU5 ls eg/] d 8/fO;ss] f] lyP“ .

To;kl5 8fS6/;fan] !% lbgsf] cfi} fwL nv] /] lbg'eof] . cfdfn] !% lbg;Dd cfÇg} /]vb]vdf
dnfO{ cf}ifwL v'jfpge' of] . d]/f] k6] kf]Ng 5f]8o\ f] .

cfhefl] n d cfdfn] lbge' Psf] vfhf dfq vfg] u5'{ . ;w}“ d/] f] vfhf vfOlbg] ;fyLx¿ vfhf
gkfP/ bM' vL eP klg d eg] v;' L 5' .

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M

bi' k|efj, kf}li6s, b[9tfk"j{s, o4' , ckfRo, ltVv/, tD' n6] , 3'6S\ ofP,F cN;/

@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M

w'srs' , o4' , axfgf, OG8f:] skL, kmf:6km8' , Pl;8, clhgfd] f]6f,] b'ik|efj, cN;/

#= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M

xtktfpg', 7n] f, lkmSsf, hng, cfdfzo, b9[ tfkj" s{ , ckfRo, kfrgyn} L, kf}li6s tŒj

$= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z4' kf/]/ ;f/ M

8S6/n] xfldlt/ xb] }{ cuf8L eGg' eof] x]/ afa' aflx/ v'nf 7fpdf a]Rg /flvPsf]
vfg]s'/f vfg'x'bg}

v_ tnsf dWo] z'4 zAbdf /h] f -µ_ nufpm M O{_ b"ike| fj
!= c_ b':ke| fj cf_ bi' k|efj O_ bZ' ke| fj

@= c_ kf}l:6s cf_ kf}i6Ls O_ kfl} i6s O{_ kfl} Z6s
#= c_ la5fg} f cf_ la5\of}gf O_ aL5o\ f}gf O_{ lj5fg} f

$= c_ :jLsf/ cf_ l:jsf/ O_ ;O' sf/ O{_ :aLsf/

22 ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff %

%= tnsf zAbnfO{ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb;Fu hf]8f ldnfpm M

plrt vNnf]

o4' c:j:y

v';L gdL7f]

¹'6f ] lg/fu] L

dL7f] a]v';L

:jflbnf ] cg'lrt

/fu] L ;To

:j:y zflGt

^= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M

plrt crDd

vNnf ] kfgLsf] aft] n

;rt] pkoQ' m

ltVv/ vl6/f

lald/f :jfb gePsf]

pbs] ;fjwfg

tD' n]6 tl] hnf]

k9fO÷nv] fO ;Lk

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M
s_ ] afafn] k;} f lbg] j]nfdf s] eGg'eof] <
===========================================================================================

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 23

v_ afaf slt ah] sfddf lg:sgx' 'GYof] <
===========================================================================================

u_ d kfqsf ;fyLx¿ lsg 7]nf jl/kl/ ¹'lDdGy] <
===========================================================================================

3_ OG8f:] sfk] L u/k] l5 s] s/' f yfxf eof] <
===========================================================================================

ª_ rfprfp, rfpldg lsg dL7f] nfU5 <
===========================================================================================

@= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls jf a7] Ls s] xg' \, lrg]/ n]v M

s_ cfdf 3/df gePsf] j]nfdf d kfqn] afaf;Fu k;} f dfUof] .

v_ /fh' bfOsf] 7n] f :s'nleq} lyof] .

u_ kfgL vfPkl5 k]6sf] hng zfGt eof] .

3_ t]ndf tf/s] f] vfgf /fdf| ] xG' 5 .

ª_ :jflbnf] xfO] g kmfObf ug]{ vfgf vfg'k5{ .
#= ldNg] zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fpF e/ M

axfgf, la5\ofg} fdf, rfpldg, jl/kl/, lkm;
s_ afaf, ;/n] v]ns'bsf nflu ====================== dfUge' Psf] 5 .
v_ yk' |} ;fyLx¿ 7n] f ====================== ¹l' DdGy] .
u_ ====================== tof/ u/]/ /fh' bfOn] Kn]6df lbP .
3_ ====================== kN6/] 56k6fPsf] cfdfn] bV] ge' of] .
ª_ cg]s ====================== u/]/ afafl;t k};f dfUy]F .
$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] Ps zAbdf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ d kfqn] afafl;t slt ?lkofF dfUof] <
v_ :s'n hfg] j]nfdf cfdfn] xftdf s] lbge' of] <

24 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff %

u_ rfpldg dMd a]Rg] 7]nf s;sf] lyof] <
3_ rfpldgsf] :jfb s:tf] lyof] <
ª_ k6] kfN] g] /fu] nfO{ ;dod} pkrf/ gu/fP s'g /fu] nfUg ;S5 <
%= s;n] egs] f] xf] <
s_ ‘t]/f ;/x¿ klg slt lkm; dfq} dfU5g\ .’
v_ ‘x]gf;{] \, ca cfk;df ¹u8f u//] sx] L kmfObf 5}g .’
u_ ‘vfhf t ;w}F dn} ] g} agfP/ lbG5' .’
3_ ‘tF dl;t 9f6F /] k};f lnlGy;\ <’
ª_ ‘eljiodf ;r]t xg' ] s'/f tkfO+x{ ¿ tLg} hgfn] ;fR] g'k5{ .’
^= syfsf] cfwf/df 36gfj|md ldnfpm M
s_ c¿sf] l6lkmg vfg kfpbF f ;fyLx¿ v';L x'g,'
v_ afafn] df]6/;fOsndf lss xfGg,'
u_ d kfqn] cfdfn] lbg'ePsf] vfhf dfq vfg] ug,'{
3_ 8fS6/n] k]6df lald/f cfPsf] s/' f atfpg,'
ª_ 8fS6/n] OG8f]:skL ug{,'
r_ rfpgldg vfPkl5 d kfqsf] k6] kf]Ng,'
5_ 8fS6/n] d kfqnfO{ cfdfn] lbPsf] vfhf dfq vfg'k5{ eGg,'
h_ d kfqn] cfÇgf] l6lkmg ;fyLx¿nfO{ lbg' .
&= 5f6] s/Ldf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ d kfqn] afaf;uF s;/L k};f dfUYof] <
v_ d kfqn] k;} f ss] d] f vr{ uYof]{ <
u_ ¹6' f] af]n]/ k;} f dfUbf s] s:tf xflg xG' 5g\ < kf7sf] cfwf/df nv] .
3_ 8fS6/n] s:tf] ;Nnfx lbge' of] <

;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff % 25

*= ‘:jfb’ syf k9/] ltdLn] ss] ] lzIff kfof} < 8fS6/;fasf egfOx¿nfO{ ;dt] cfwf/
agfP/ cfÇg} zn} Ldf pQ/ bp] m .

tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M

:s'n hfg] j]nfdf vfhfsf] af/d] f kf| oM ;a}sf] 3/df 5nkmn xG' 5 . sltko s]6fs6] Lx¿
dL7f] vfhfsf lglDt cfdfafaf;Fu ¹u8f u5{g\ . pgLx¿ 3/af6 agfP/ k7fPsf] vfhfeGbf
ahf/df kfOg] rfprfp, s/' s/' ], la:s6' , rfpldg, kfgLk/' L cflb dg k/fp5F g\ . sltko
cleefjsn] 3/df agfpg ¹G¹6 dfg/] s]6fs6] LnfO{ k};f lbP/ k7fpg] u/]sf] klg
kfOG5 . sltko :s'ndf aflx/sf vfg]s'/fx¿ vfg k/" } lgif]w ul/P klg w]/h} ;f] :sn' df Tof]
s'/fnfO{ aj] f:tf ul/Psf] kfOG5 . jf:tjdf aflx/sf vfgs] /' fx¿ vfpGhn] :jflbnf eP klg
afnaflnsfsf] :jf:Yosf b[li6sf0] fn] tL Psbd} xflgsf/s xG' 5g\ . To;n} ] 3/df agfOPsf
ds}, e6df;, /f6] L, lrp/f, t/sf/L, e'6]sf] eft cflb vfg]s'/fx¿ vfhfsf] ¿kdf vfg'
pko'Qm xG' 5 . To;u} /L df;} dcg;' f/sf ;'Gtnf, s]/f, :ofp, cfFk, eO' Fs6x/, sfFjm| f], ufh/
h:tf kmnk"mnx¿ vfhfdf vfbF f klg z/L/ :j:y / lg/fu] L aG5 . To;u} /L ahf/df kfOg] sf]s,
kmfG6f, kK] ;L, l8p, k|m6' L h:tf k]okbfys{ f] ;§fdf ;kmf kfgL, kmnk"mnsf] h;' / b"w lkpg]
dflg; ;w}F :j:y /xG5 .
s= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s nv] M
cleefjs, s]6fs]6L, lgif]w, :jf:Yo, bl[ i6sf0] f, :j:y, ko] kbfy{
v= 7Ls pQ/df /h] f -µ_ nufpm M
s_ w/] } s6] fs6] Lx¿ 3/sf] vfhf n}hfg kfpbF f v;' L x'G5g\ .
v_ ;a} cleefjsn] aRrfnfO{ 3/s} vfhf lbP/ k7fpgx' 'G5 .
u_ aflx/sf] vfhf :j:ys/ xb'F g} .
3_ vfhfsf] ¿kdf ds} e'6/] nu] klg x'G5 .
ª_ sfFj|mf] / ufh/ klg vfhf;Fu} nh} fg ;lsG5 .
u_ tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
!_ s]6fs6] Lx¿ s:tf] vfhfnfO{ dL7f] vfhf eGg] u5{g\ <

26 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff %

@_ xflgsf/s vfg]s/' fx¿ s]s] x'g\ <
#_ kmfObfhgs vfgs] /' fx¿ s]s] x'g\ <
$_ s'gs'g k]okbfy{n] :jf:YonfO{ xflg u5{g\ <
%_ z/L/nfO{ :j:y /fVg] ko] kbfy{ s'gs'g xg' \ <

;g' fO ;Lk

-k[i7 @!) df lbOPsf] cg'R5]b_
lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;'g / tnsf sfo{x¿ u/ M

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M

s_ dflg;sf ;d:ofx¿ s]sd] f b]lvG5g\ <

v_ dflg;df /x]sf] dfgl;s ;d:of s]s;/L yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 <

u_ dflg;nfO{ s'gs'g s'/fn] xflg ul//xs] f] x'G5 <

3_ dflg;sf] zq' s] xf] <

ª_ l/; p7d] f s] ug{'k5{ <

@= sfi] 7saf6 vfnL 7fpdF f 7Ls pQ/ e/ M

s_ z/L/df dfq xf]Og ======================== df klg ;d:of b]lvG5g\ . -dfgl;stf,

gl} tstf_

v_ ======================== afN] g] dflg; v/fa dflg; xf] . -¹'6f,] dL7f]_

u_ c¿sf] /fdf| ] bv] ]/ =============== ug{] afgL dfgl;s ;d:of xf] . -Oi{ of,{ ;Ddfg_

3_ dgdf ================== ljrf/ lng ;s]df l/;sf] efjgf x65\ . -v/fa, c;n_

ª_ l/; pl7xfNof] eg] ======================== /xg'k5{ . -7f8f,] dfg} _

;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff % 27

Jofs/0f ;Lk

Wofg lbP/ k9 M

k'lnªu\ M efn] gfd jf k'?if hfltnfO{ a¹' fpg] zAbnfO{ k'lnª\u elgG5 . 5f]/f], efO, bfO, a'af,
uf?] , efn,] ax] 'nf], sfsf, /fu“ f,] xh'/af cflb k'lnª\u a'¹fpg] zAb xg' \ .

:qLlnª\u M kf]yL gfd jf :qL hfltnfO{ a¹' fpg] zAbnfO{ :qLlnª\u elgG5 . 5f/] L, alxgL,efph,"
lbbL, cfdf, ufO,{ kf]yL, a]xn' L, sfsL, xh'/cfdf, cflb :qLlnª\u a'¹fpg] zAb x'g\ .

!= tnsf jfSox¿ kl' nªu\ eP :qLlnªu\ / :qLlnª\u eP k'lnªu\ agfpm M

s_ alxgL u[xsfo{ ul5{g\ . v_ bfh'n] sDKo6' / rnfpg'eof] .

u_ cfdfn] vfhf agfpg'xg' ] 5 . 3_ efO 3/af6} vfhf n}hfG5 .

ª_ ;fgf] a'afn] v]nfg} f NofOlbg'eof] . r_ eF;} L af/Ldf k:of] .

5_ uf]?n] 3f;F vfbF } 5 . h_ ;G' tnL /ª nufpF5] .

l;hg{ fTds ;Lk

!= ltdLn] hfgs] f] sg' } Pp6f syf sIffdf ;a} ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm .

@= tnsf aF'bfsf cfwf/df Pp6f syf nv] M
s'g} 7fpFdf s]xL sldnfx¿ =============== sldnfx¿n] vfg]s'/f hDdf ug{' ===============

glhs} Pp6f ˆofplF s/L a:g' =============== ˆofplF s/Ln] sfd gu/L uLt ufpg' ===============
sldnfx¿ ˆofpFls/Lsf s/' f g;'gL sfd ul//xg' =============== pgLx¿n] w]/} vfg]s'/f
hDdf ug{' =============== s]xL ;dokl5 hf8f] ;'? xg' ' =============== sldnfx¿n] al;a;L
vfg' =============== ˆofplF s/L efs] } x'g' =============== sldnfn] ˆofpFls/LnfO{ ;dodf
ldlxgt] gubfs{ f] kmn o:t} xG' 5 egL ;D¹fpg' =============== ;dod} kl/>d u/k] l5 ;v'
kfOG5 eGg] ;Gb]z .

28 ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff %

ljleGg vfBfGgsf af]6la?jfx¿ uxF' kmfk/
wfg ds}

sfb] f] hg' ]nf] hf} tf]/L

;l;p{ F rgf d;' '/f] l;dL

af8] L s/] fp /x/ df;

e6df; /fhdf l;nfd ltn

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 29

kf7 # stJ{ o

lgaGw

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ ;an} ] k9 M

d efOnfO{ k9g\ ;3fpF5' . pgLx¿ af6f] vGb} 5g\ .

;'lgtf cfÇgf] sf]7f ;kmf u5{] . kfx'gfnfO{ :jfut u/ .

30 ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff %

tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ eg M

d st{Jo egs] f] s] xf] < ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 <
d s] ltdL cfÇgf] stJ{ o k"/f ug{ rfxG5f} <
d xfdf| stJ{ ox¿ ss] ] xg' \,< ltdL eGg ;S5f} <
d stJ{ o k"/f ug{ g;s] s] x'G5 <
d bz] kl| tsf] xfdf| ] st{Jo s] xf] <

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] k9 M

d d cfÇgf] stJ{ o k/" f ug{ rfxG5' .
d 7n" fnfO{ dfg / ;fgfnfO{ dfof ug{' d]/f] stJ{ o xf] .
d xfdLn] ;fdflhs st{Jo k"/f ugk{' 5{ .
d ljBfnodf cg'zfl;t /xg' xfd|f] stJ{ o xf] .
d xfdf| w]/} stJ{ ox¿ 5g\ .
d xfdLn] cfÇgf] stJ{ onfO{ slxNo} la;g{ x' 'Gg .
d stJ{ o k/" f ug]{ dflg;nfO{ st{Jolgi7 elgG5 .

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff % 31

s'g} JolQm, j:t' tyf ljifosf] af/d] f lgaGw nl] vG5 . lgaGw n]Vg o:t} ljifo rflxG5 eGg] 5g} .
lgaGw hg' ;'s} ljifodf n]Vg ;lsG5 . vf; j:tx' ¿, hLjhGt', ¿vla?jf cflbsf af/]df dfq
xf]Og dgn] cg'ej dfq ug{ ;lsg] efjx¿nfO{ ;d6] /] klg lgaGw n]Vg] ul/G5 . kf7df ‘stJ{ o’
zLifs{ df lgaGw lbOPsf] 5 . stJ{ o eg]sf] s] xf] < o;sf] kfngf sxfF / s;/L xg' k' 5{ < st{Jo
kfngfn] dflg;nfO{ s] s:tf] ;kmntf lbG5 < h:tf lh1f;fsf] pQ/ of] kf7 k9]kl5 kfOg] 5 .

kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 . st{Josf] af/]df elgPsf s/' fx¿ /fd|/L a'ˆg] ko| f; u/ . cfÇgf] stJ{ osf]
af/]df klg w]/} s'/f l;s / To;nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{] k|of; u/ .

stJ{ o eGgfn] cfkm" n] ug{k' g]{ sfd eGg] al' ¹G5 . k/" f ug'k{ g{] bfloTj cfÇgf] lhDdj] f/L klg
st{Jodf kb{5 . dflg;sf cgs] k|sf/sf stJ{ ox¿ xG' 5g\ . tL ;an} fO{ ;kmntfk"j{s k"/f ug{'
st{Jokfng ug'{ xf] . 3/kl/jf/df, ;dfhdf, ;fyLx¿sf] aLrdf, ljBfnodf xfdLn] k"/f ugk{' g{]
w/] } st{Jox¿ xG' 5g\ . ltgnfO{ k/" f ug{ ;SofF} eg] xfdL hLjgdf ;kmn xG' 5f,}F To;f] ug{ ;sg] fF}
eg] slxNo} ;kmn x'bF }gf}F .

ax[ t\ gk] fnL zAbsf]zn] ‘st{Jo’ nfO{
s'nk/Dk/f, gLltlgod tyf ;fdflhs
cfjZostfcg;' f/ ug{k' g{] jf cuF flng]
sfd† ug{ nfos /fdf| ] cfr/0f jf
ljm| ofsnfk eg/] lrgfPsf] 5 . stJ{ osf]
of] cy{nfO{ xb] f{ s] eGg ;lsG5 eg]
cfÇgf] sn' k/Dk/fnfO{ /fd|/L kfngf ug'{
st{Jokfng ug'{ xf] . gLltlgodsf] /fd|/L
kfngf u/]/ ;dfhsf] cfjZostfcg';f/
cfkm" nfO{ rnfpg' g} vf;df st{Jokfng

zAbf {ystJ{ o M bfloTj, lhDdj] f/L cFuflng] M cfkm" n] lng,] wf/0f ug]{
ax[ t\ M Hofb} 7"nf] cfr/0f M afgLa]xf/] f
sn' k/Dk/f M klxnb] l] v rnL cfPsf]

32 ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff %

ug{' xf] . dflg;n] ;dfhn] kz| +;f
ug]{ vfnsf] sfd ug'k{ 5{ . /fdf| ]
afgLax] f]/f cuF fNgk' 5{ . o;f] eof]
eg] st{Jokfng ePsf] dflgG5 .

xfdLn] cfdfa'afn] eg]sf] dfGg'k5{ .
cfdfa'afn] cfÇgf] ;Gtfgsf] lxtsf
nflu slxns] fxLF ufnL u5g{ ,\ slxn]
;D¹fp5F g\ . o;nfO{ ;Gtfgn]
cfÇg} nflu xf] eGg] aˆ' gk' 5{ .
cfdfaa' fnfO{ cfb/ ug{' pgLx¿n]
eg]sf] dfGg' ;Gtfgsf] st{Jo xf] . 3/sf] sfddf cfdfa'afnfO{ ;3fpgk' 5{ . To;f] t ;fgf
gfgLx¿n] w]/} sfd ug{ ;Sbg} g\ / cfdfa'afn] klg ug{ g;Sg] sfd nufpbF }gg\ . ;s;] Dd cfÇgf]
sfd cfkmF} ug'k{ 5{ . cfÇgf nu' f tyf lstfax¿ ldnfP/ /fVg], 3/df ;/;kmfO ug]{, kmfx] f]/
gug]{, 3/df cfPsf kfx'gfx¿;uF /fd|/L af]Ng,] cfb/;Tsf/ ug]{ h:tf ;fdfGo s'/fx¿ klg
st{Joleq kb5{ g\ . ;fgf efOalxgLx¿nfO{ dfof ug{,] bfOlbbLx¿;uF ldn]/ a:g], ;uF } /dfOnf]
ug{,] ¹'6f] gafN] g] h:tf s/' fdf klg dflg;sf] stJ{ o ¹NsG5 . cfdfa'af;uF cgfjZos lh2L
ug{'xG' g . csf{sf] b]vfl;vL u//] cfk"mnfO{ klg o:t} rflxof] eg/] ¹u8f ug'{ g/fdf| ] afgL xf] .
o;f] ugx{' 'Gg .

dflg; k|f0fLx¿df >i] 7 dflgG5 . To;}n] p;n] cGo k|f0fLx¿nfO{ k|d] ugk{' 5{ . 3/df kflnPsf
hgfj/ tyf r/fr'?ªu\ Lx¿nfO{ dfof ug{' klg dflg;sf] st{Jo xf] . dflg; ;fdflhs kf| 0fL
xf] . pm ;dfhdf a:5, ;dfhd} p;sf cfjZostfx¿ hGdG5g\ / ltgn] ToxLF uGtJo kfpF5g\ .
cfÇgf] 6fn] l5d]sdf /x]sf dflg;x¿;Fu /fd/| L af]Ng], ljleGg ks| f/sf ;fdflhs ultljlwx¿df
;xefuL xg' ] h:tf lj|mofsnfkx¿n] dflg;sf] stJ{ o ;D¹fp5F g\ . 6fn] sf] ;/;kmfOdf Wofg
lbg,] cgfjZos xf]xNnf gug{,] s;n} fO{ cfjZos kbf{ ;xofu] ug{] h:tf s/' fx¿ dflg;sf
;fdflhs stJ{ oleq kb{5g\ . ;dfhsf dflg;x¿ ldn]/ dgfOg] ;fd"lxs kj,{ k"hf cflbdf
;xefuL x'g' klg dflg;sf] st{Jo xf] .

zAbf {y cfb/;Tsf/ M dfg;Ddfg ;fdl" xs M ;a} ldn]/ ul/g] sfd
b]vfl;vL M c¿sf] bv] /] clwsf/ M xs, kfpgk' g]{ s/' f
uGtJo M kU' gk' g]{ 7fpF
;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff % 33

ljBfno hfg kfpg' afnafaflnsfx¿sf] clwsf/ xf] eg] ljBfnodf uP/ /fd/| L k9g\ '
pgLx¿sf] st{Jo xf] . ljBfyLn{ ] lzIfslzlIfsfx¿n] k9fpFbf Wofg lbP/ ;G' gk' 5{ . ga'¹s] f]
s/' f ;f]Wgk' 5{ . sIffdf ;fyLx¿;Fu ldn]/ a:gk' 5{ . ;fyLx¿nfO{ k/]sf] jn] f ;3fpgk' 5{ .
lbOPsf] ux[ sfo{ ;dod} k/" f ug'{k5{ . cfk"mn] k"/f ug{ g;ss] f s'/f lzIfs tyf ;fyLx¿;uF
;xof]u lnP/ k"/f ugk{' 5{ . w/] } ldlxg]t u/]/ k/LIffdf /fd|f] cª\s Nofpgk' 5{ . ;Gtfgsf]
k9fOsf nflu cfdfa'afx¿n] w]/} ldlxg]t u/]sf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿n] cfÇgf ;Gtfgn] /fd|f] cª\s
Nofpmg\ eGg] cfzf u/]sf xG' 5g\ . To;}n] x/s] ;Gtfgn] cfdfa'afsf] OR5f k/" f ugk{' 5{ . of]
pgLx¿sf] stJ{ o xf] .

dflg;nfO{ dflg;x¿sf] ;fy / ;xof]u rflxG5 . dflg;n] dflg;af6} cfÇgf cfjZostfx¿
k/" f u5{ . pm dflg;x¿s} ;/;ªu\ tdf /dfp5F . To;}n] ;fyL agfpbF f ljrf/ ug{k' 5{ . s:tf]
dflg;nfO{ ;fyL agfpg] eGg] s'/fdf Wofg lbg'k5{ . ;fyLx¿ ;a} /fd|f] :jefjsf xbF' g} g\ . sfx] L
cfÇgf] kmfObfsf nflu dfq ;fyL x'G5g\ . To:tf ;fyLx¿af6 6f9} /xgk' 5{ . 3/af6 aflx/
lgl:sg'k¥of] eg] cfÇgf cleefjsx¿nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'k5{ . cleefjssf] cgd' lt lnP/
dfq aflx/ hfg'k5{ . aflx/ uPkl5 ;dodf kmsg{ k' 5{ . vN] g] ;do, k9\g] ;do, dgf]/~hgsf]
;do, cf/fd ug]{ ;do, ;'Tg] / p7g\ ] ;do lglZrt x'gk' 5{ . laxfg rfF8} p7g\ ], ;f¹F ;dod}
;T' g] h:tf lj|mofsnfkx¿ dflg;sf] st{Joleq kb5{ g\ . olt dfq xfO] g dL7f] af]nL / ;Eo efiff
afN] g] dflg;nfO{ ;an} ] dg k/fpF5g\ . sfu ?vf] afN] 5 To;}n] p;sf] :j/ s;n} fO{ dg kb{}g .
sfO] nL dL7f] af]N5 To;n} ] p;nfO{ ;an} ] dg k/fpF5g\ . dflg;sf] afn] Ln] g} p;nfO{ c¿sf]
glhs jf 6f9f agfp5F .

bz] dflg;sf] 3/ xf] . bz] ePg eg] dflg;sf] kl/ro /xFbg} . JolQmnfO{ kl/ro lbg] p;sf]
efiff, ;:+ s[lt / b]z xf] . To;n} ] cfÇgf] efiff tyf ;+:s[ltnfO{ dfof ug'{ dflg;sf] st{Jo xf] .
bz] nfO{ k]|d ug,{' b]z ljsf;df ;xefuL x'g' dflg;sf] 7"nf] stJ{ o xf] . stJ{ o s;n} ] ;D¹fP/
kfng ul/g] s/' f xfO] g . cfÇgf] st{Jo cfkm}nF ] a'ˆgk' 5{ . ug{ x'g] / gxg' ] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L
x'gk' 5{ . To;f] eof] eg] dflg; slxNo} kl5 kb}{g .

zAbf {ydgf/] ~hg M /dfOnf] kl/ro M lrghfg
lglZrt M kSsf ;:+ s[lt M rfnrng, /Lltl/jfh, k/Dk/f

34 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff %

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M

bfloTj, cuF flng,] kz| ;+ f, lj|mofsnfk, cª\s, ;/;ªu\ t, cleefjs,;:+ sl[ t

@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M

s'nk/Dk/f, cfr/0f, b]vfl;vL, ;fdl" xs, clwsf/, lglZrt

#= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

a[xt,\ cuF flng], cfb/;Tsf/, uGtJo, kl/ro, ;:+ sl[ t, dgf/] ~hg

$= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z4' kf//] ;f/ M

;fgf efO{alxlgx¿nfO{ dfof ug{,] bfOlblbx¿ ;uF ldn]/ a:g] cfbL s'/fdf klg dflg;sf]
st{Ao ¹NsG5 .

v_ tnsf dWo] z4' zAbdf /h] f -µ_ nufpm M

!= c_ lgltlgod cf_ lgtLlgod O_ gLltgLod O_{ gLltlgod

@= c_ cleefas cf_ cljefjs O_ cleefas O{_ ceLefjs

#= c_ ultljwL cf_ ultljlw O_ ultlalw O_{ utLjLlw

$= c_ ;+:s[lt cf_ ;D:sl[ t O_ ;;+ s\ [lt O{_ ;i+ sl[ t

%= tnsf zAbnfO{ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb;Fu hf8] f ldnfpm M

;kmn 30[ ff

cfb/ dL7f]
;fdflhs c;kmn

lglZrt c;fdflhs
k]|d clglZrt

?vf] cgfb/

;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff % 35

^= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M

cfr/0f bfloTj

b]vfl;vL lrghfg

stJ{ o c¿sf] b]v]/

kl/ro xs

clwsf/ afgLax] f/] f

k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk

!= tnsf jfSox¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M
s_ st{Jo eg]sf] s] xf] <
==========================================================================================
v_ cfdfaa' fsf] ufnLnfO{ xfdLn] s;/L a'ˆgk' 5{ <
==========================================================================================
u_ xfdLn] 3/df cfPsf kfx'gfx¿;uF s:tf] Jojxf/ ug{k' 5{ <
==========================================================================================
3_ k/LIffdf s;/L /fdf| ] cªs\ Nofpg ;lsG5 <
==========================================================================================
ª_ xfdLn] s]s] ug]{ lgod lglZrt x'g'k5{ <
==========================================================================================
@= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls jf a7] Ls s] x'g\, lrg]/ n]v M
s_ ;s];Dd w]/} v]Ng' xfdf| ] stJ{ o xf] .
v_ sn' k/Dk/fsf] kfng ug{' xfd|f] stJ{ o xf] .

36 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff %

u_ dflg; c;fdflhs k|f0fL xf] .
3_ cfk"mn] k/" f ug{ g;s]sf] s'/f lzIfs / ;fyLnfO{ ;f]Wg'k5{ .
ª_ bz] dflg;sf] 3/ xf] .
#= ldNg] zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fpF e/ M
s_ dflg;n] ;dfhn] ========================== ug]{ vfnsf] sfd ug'{k5{ .
v_ cfdfafa;' uF cgfjZos ========================== ugx'{ 'bF g} .
u_ dflg; ;j>{ ]i7 k|f0fL ePsfn] kf| 0fLx¿nfO{ ========================== ugk{' 5{ .
3_ dflg;nfO{ dflg;x¿sf] ;fy / ========================== rflxG5 .
ª_ ========================== s;n} ] ;D¹fP/ kfng ul/g] s'/f xf]Og .
$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] Ps zAbdf pQ/ b]pm M

s_ xfdLn] ;fgf efOalxgLx¿nfO{ s] ug'{k5{ <

v_ ljBfno hfg kfpg' s;sf] clwsf/ xf] <

u_ dflg; s;sf] ;/;ª\utdf /dfpF5 <

3_ 3/af6 aflx/ hfbF f s;sf] cg'dlt lng'k5{ <

ª_ b]z geP dflg;sf] s] /xFbg} <
%= bz jfSodf a9fP/ nv] M
ljBfno hfg kfpg' afnafaflnsfx¿sf] clwsf/ xf] eg] ljBfnodf uP/ /fd/| L k9g\ '

pgLx¿sf] stJ{ o xf] .
^= tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ xfd|f kfl/jfl/s stJ{ ox¿ s]s] x'g\ <
v_ xfdLn] kfng ugk'{ g{] ;fdflhs stJ{ ox¿sf] af/]df nv] .
u_ xfdLn] ljBfnodf s] s:tf st{Jox¿ k/" f ug{k' 5{ <
3_ xfdf| ] b]zkl| tsf] stJ{ o s] xf] <

;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff % 37

&= xfdLn] lgjfx{ ugk{' g{] st{Jox¿ ss] ] /x]5g\ < kf7nfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ cfÇgf] zn} Ldf nv] .

tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M

cfÇgf] 3/ / bz] 5f8L cGoq hfg afWo
kfl/Psf dflg;x¿nfO{ z/0ffyL{ elgG5,
z/0ffyL{x¿ ;+;f/el/ g} 5g\ . n8fOFsf]
sf/0faf6 tyf cGo wflds{ , hftLo,
/fhgLlts cflb sf/0fn] dflg;x¿ cfÇgf]
3/ 5f]8\g afWo x'G5g\ . slxns] fxLF b'O{rf/
hgf JolQmx¿ dfq 3/ 5f8] /] cGoq hfG5g\ eg] slxns] fxLF xhf/fFs} f] ;ª\Vofdf dflg;x¿ 3/
5f]8L cGoq hfG5g\ . To:tf z/0ffyLn{ ] cfk"m dg]{ 8/n] cfÇgf wg–;DklQ, Oi6ldq, gftfs6' 'Da
;a} TolQs} r6Ss 5f8L lxF8\g'kg{] afWotf x'G5 . ;g\ !(%! df bf];|f] ljZj o'4sf sf/0fn]
z/0ffyL{ cfof]u :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . clxn] of] cfof]usf] sfo{ !!% cf6] f bz] df lj:tfl/t ePsf]
5 . cfofu] n] z/0ffyLn{ fO{ vfg], a:g]bl] v :jf:Yo cflbsf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fp5F . pgLx¿nfO{
qf;, cftª\s / zfi] f0faf6 d'lQm lbnfpg] k|of; u5{ . cfofu] n] 3/ kmsf{pg ljzi] f ko| Tg ub{5 .
o;n] ;DalGwt ;/sf/;Fu ;Dks{ /fvL 5nkmn u/]/ tL z/0ffyL{sf] hLjgnfO{ ;v' L agfpg]
k|of; ub5{ . 3/ kms{g grfx]df z/0f lbPs} bz] jf cGo bz] df pgLx¿nfO{ a;fj] f; u/fpg]
k|aGw ldnfpg] sfo;{ dt] cfof]un] ub{5 .

s= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s n]v M

z/0ffyL,{ wfld{s, /fhgLlts, Oi6ldq, lj:tfl/t, cftª\s, zfi] f0f, :jf:Yo

v= ldNg] zAb;uF hf8] f ldnfpm M

3/ 5'6sf/f

b]z qf;

8/ cfkmGt

Oi6ldq u[x

d'lQm Joj:yf

ka| Gw /fi6«

38 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff %

u= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
c= s:tf dflg;x¿nfO{ z/0ffyL{ elgG5 <
==========================================================================================
cf= dflg;x¿ lsg 3/ 5f]8\g afWo x'G5g\<
==========================================================================================
O= z/0ffyL{ cfofu] sf] :yfkgf slxn] ePsf] xf] <
==========================================================================================
O={ cfofu] n] z/0ffyLs{ f nflu s] sfd u5{ <
==========================================================================================
p= z/0ffyL{ cfof]un] s;/L z/0ffyL{sf] hLjg ;'vL agfpg] k|of; u5{<
==========================================================================================

;g' fO ;Lk

-ki[ 7 @!! df lbOPsf] cg'R5]b_
lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;g' / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M
s_ s;/L dflg; b]jtfhlQs} aGg ;S5 <

v_ s:tf dflg;n] dfgj ;db' fonfO{ sfnf] wAaf nufPsf 5g\ <


u_ v/fa ljrf/sf dflg;x¿ s;/L :jtM sdhf]/ xg' k'U5g\ <




;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff % 39

3_ s] s'/f cTofjZos dflgG5 <


ª_ sg' s'/fsf nflu ;fdflhs jftfj/0f 7Ls xg' 'k5{ <



@= sfi] 7saf6 vfnL 7fpFdf 7Ls pQ/ e/ M

s_ ;dfhdf ===================== cfr/0fsf dflg;x¿ klg k|z:t e]l6G5g\ . -v/fa,

;xL_

v_ ;dfhdf unt / ;xL s'/f 5'6\ofP/ ===================== sfod ug{ ;Sg'k5{ .

-¹u8f, Pstf_

u_ dflg; ===================== n] ;w' |g] kf| 0fL xf] . -v/fa ;ª\ut,;/;ªu\ t_

3_ xfdLn] 8fs' /Tgfs/ dxlif{ ===================== ag]sf] syf klg ;'g]sf 5f}F .

-jfNdLls,j]bJof;_

ª_ dflg;sf nflu ===================== afgLa]xf]/f x'g' cTofjZos dflgG5 .

-dofl{ bt, cdof{lbt_

Jofs/0f ;Lk

ljk/LtfyL{ zAb M Pp6f zAbn] lbg] cy{sf] 7Ls pN6f] cy{ lbg] csf{] zAbnfO{ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb
elgG5 .

sfnf] M uf/] f ] cfl:ts M gfl:ts

o'4 M zflGt /fu] L M lg/fu] L

1fgL M c1fgL j/ M k/

u'g M a}ug' OHht M aO] Hht

db{ M gfdb{ 6f9f M glhs

40 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff %

sfF8f M k"mn k"j{ M klZrd

:jbz] M ljbz] psfnf] M cf]/fnf]
u0' f M bf]if :ju{ M gs{

;lj|mo M lglijm| o ;DkGg M ljkGg
hLjg M d/0f xif{ M la:dft

!= sfi] 7saf6 ldNg] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb lrg/] vfnL 7fpdF f nv] M -ljxif,{ la:dft_
s= ‘xif’{ sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb ======================= xf] . -gfl:ts, bj] tf_
v= ‘cfl:ts’ sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb ======================= xf] .
u= ‘sfF8f’ sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb ======================= xf] . -cG8f, km" n_
3= ‘6f9f’ sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb ======================= xf] . -b/" , glhs_
ª= ‘kj" {’ sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb ======================= xf] . -pQ/, klZrd_
r= ‘:ju’{ sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb ======================= xf] . -cfgGb, gs{_
5= ‘db{’ sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb ======================= xf] . -xf/, gfdb_{
h= ‘OHht’ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb ======================= xf] . -;Ddfg, aO] Hht_

@= hf8] f ldnfpm M

sfnf] a}u'g

o'4 c1fgL

1fgL zflGt

ug' d/0f

/fu] L ljbz]

:jb]z lg/f]uL

u0' f cf]/fnf]

hLjg bfi] f

psfnf] uf/] f]

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff % 41

l;hg{ fTds ;Lk

!= tnsf] lrq x]/L xfdf| ] ‘;fdflhs st{Jo’ zLifs{ df Pp6f cg'R5b] nv] M

@= ‘kl/>dsf] dxŒj’ zLifs{ df Pp6f cg'R5]b n]v .

ljleGg hgfj/sf] cf};t cfo' M pmF 6 M %) jif{
;fF9] M @* jif{ lu4 M %% jif{
du[ M #% jif{ lrtj' f M !& jif{
hnuF}8f M $% jif { af3 M @@ jif{
k/j] f M !! jif{
Ajf;F f] M !* jif{

42 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff %

kf7 $ l;kmfl/; kfp“m

lgj]bg

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] ;an} ] k9 M

d jStt[ f kl| tof]lutfdf xfdLn] ;fdl" xs gT[ o u¥ofF} .
;xefuL ePF .

;fd'bflos k|x/Ln] ljBfnosf] d}n] k|yd k/' :sf/ kfPF .
lg/LIf0f u¥of] .
;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff % 43

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eg M

d s] ltdL ljBfnosf] cltl/Qm ljm| ofsnfkdf ;xefuL x'G5f<}
d ltdL ljBfnosf] tkm{af6 c¿ ljBfnodf ;xefuL xg' uPsf 5f}<
d ltdL s'g rflxF cltl/Qm lj|mofsnfkdf ;xefuL x'g rfxG5f} <
d ;fdb' flos k|x/L egs] f] s] xf], ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 <
d ltdf| ] ljBfnodf efgh' oGtLsf] cj;/df sfo{jm| d x'g] u/s] f] 5 t <

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M

d cfxf ¤ cfh t xfdLn] cltl/Qm lj|mofsnfkdf ;xefuL eof}F .
d ;fd'bflos kx| /Ln] xfdf| ] 6fn] df ;'wf/sf sfdx¿ u¥of] .
d d}n] kw| fgfWofksnfO{ lgj]bg n]vF] .
d xfdL c;f/ @( ut] efgh' oGtL dgfp5F f}F .
d efg'hoGtLsf] cj;/df xfdLn] sljtfjfrg u¥ofF} .
d d}n] cltl/Qm ljm| ofsnfkdf ;xefuL eP/ k/' :sf/ kfPF .
d t?' Gt} sljtf nV] g ;Sg] dfG5n] fO{ cfzs' lj elgG5 .

44 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff %

xfdLx¿n] s;n} fO{ sx] L s/' fsf] cg/' f]w ugk{' ¥of] eg] lgjb] g n]Vg'k5{ . lgj]bg Pp6f cfk} rfl/s
lr7L xf] . o;nfO{ sfof{noLo lr7L klg elgG5 . ljBfnodf labf rflxPdf / 5fqj[lQ kfpgsf
nflu klg lgj]bg n]Vg'kg{] x'G5 . lgj]bg nV] bf ;'?df b]ak|] l§ ldlt n]Vg'k5{ . ldlt n]vk] l5 Ps
x/km 5f8] ]/ bflxg]kl§ hf];Fu lgjb] g ug{] xf] p;nfO{ ;Dafw] g ug'{k5{ . To;sf] 7Ls dl' g ;Daf]wg
ul/Psf] JolQmsf] sfof{no / 7]ufgf nV] g'k5{ . To;kl5 ljifo / To;sf] tn dxf]bo n]Vg'k5{ .
To;kl5 Ps jf a9Ldf bO' { cgR' 5]bdf cfk"mn] eGg rfx]sf] s'/f 5f]6f] dL7f] efiffdf nv] /] cGTodf
lgjb] s n]vL cfÇgf] gfd n]Vgk' 5{ . tnsf] kf7df ;rL ltjf/Ln] sljtf jfrg kl| tofl] utfdf
;xefuL x'g kw| fgfWofks;Fu l;kmfl/; dfus] L l5g\ . k9 / kf7af6 yk s/' f yfxf kfO/fv .

ldlt M @)&$÷ )#÷ @%

>Ldfg\ kw| fgfWofks,
cfbz{ sGof p=df=lj=,
kf6g, nlntk'/ .

ljifo M l;kmfl/; ul/lbg] af/] .

dxf]bo,

pko'Q{ m ;DaGwdf d o; ljBfnosf] sIff % df k9\g] lgoldt ljBfyL{ x'F . dn} ]
k9fOafxs] ljBfnosf cltl/Qm ljm| ofsnfkdf ;xefuL xb'F } cfPsf] Joxf/] f dxf]bonfO{ cjut}
5 . ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ efiff tyf cleJolQm snfdf ;Ifd agfpgsf nflu ;~rfng ug]{ jfbljjfb,
jSt[tf, cGtfIf/L nufotsf ljm| ofsnfkdf efu lnP/ d ;wF} pTsi[ 6 x'Fb} cfPsL 5' .

zAbf {y l;kmfl/; M s;s} f] sfd ;kmn ugs{ f nflu cltl/Qm ljm| ofsnfk M k9fOafx]ssf cGo
ul/g] k|z;+ f ÷ cg'/f]w kq yk ljm| ofsnfk

lgoldt M ;wF}, lg/Gt/, Ps}¿kn] rln/xg] cleJolQm snf M af]Ng] snf
cjut} M yfx}, hfgsf/L ePs} pTsi[ 6 M w]/} /fdf| ]

;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 45

ut jif{ /l] 8of] g]kfnn] cfofh] gf u/s] f] sljtf
k|ltof]lutfdf d]/f] sljtf ;jf{T] si[ 6 sljtfsf]
¿kdf 5flgPsf] lyof] . To; ;kmntfdf ljBfno
kl/jf/, 3/kl/jf/, ;fyLefO tyf cfkmGtx¿n]
xf};nf lbPkl5 dnfO{ o; Ifq] df nfUg c¹}
k|f]T;fxg ldns] f] 5 . u'?u?' cfdfsf] ;xofu] n] dn} ]
c¹} /fdf| /fd|f sljtfx¿ klg nV] b} cfPsL 5' .
ljBfnodf 5flkg] ljBfnosf] :dfl/sfdf klg
d/] f] sljtf 5flkPsf] s/' f dxfb] onfO{ hfgsf/L
g} 5 .

oxL c;f/ @( ut] cflbslj efge' Qm cfrfos{ f] @)# cf}F hGdhoGtLsf] cj;/df ;fdb' flos
k|x/L nlntk'/n] sljtf kl| tof]lutfsf] cfofh] gf u/]sf] /x]5 . ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] l;hg{ zLntf dfkg
ug]{ p2Z] on] pQm kl| tofl] utfsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] /x5] . ljBfyL{x¿n] sfoj{ m| d:ynd} sljtf
n]v/] cfkmnF} ] jfrg ug'k{ g{] pQm k|ltof]lutfdf d klg ;xefuL xg' rfxG5' . ;f] kl| tofl] utfdf
;xefuL xg' sf nflu ljBfnosf] l;kmfl/; cfjZos kg]{ ePsfn] d]/f] gfd l;kmfl/; u/L
k7fOlbgx' 'g dxfb] o ;dIf of] lgjb] g k]; u/s] L 5' . d pQm k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL x'g] cj;/
kfPF eg] cfÇgf] tkm{af6 pTs[i6 k:| tl' t lbgsf nflu ;Sbf] k|of; ug]{ Joxf]/f dxf]bonfO{ ljZjf;
lbnfpg rfxG5' . wGojfb .

cf1fsf/L 5fqf

;rL ltjf/L

sIff %

zAbf {y;jfT{] si[ 6 M ;a}eGbf /fdf| ] ;fd'bflos M ;d'bfo jf ;dfhsf nflu
k|fT] ;fxg M xf};nf, k/]| 0ff agfOPsf]
:dfl/sf M sg' } j:t' jf JolQmsf] ;D¹gfdf
l;h{gzLntf M l;hg{ f jf /rgf ug{] :jefj
tof/ kfl/Psf] k:' ts k|:tl' t M k|:t't ug{] jf k]; ug]{ sfd
cj;/ M df}sf

46 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff %

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M

lj|mofsnfk, ;jfT{] si[ 6, kf| ]T;fxg, jSt[tf, cGtfIf/L, jfbljjfb, :dfl/sf

@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ nv] M

cleJolQm, k|f]T;fxg, :dfl/sfdf, l;hg{ zLntf

#= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

cltl/Qm lj|mofsnfk, cjut, ;jfT{] si[ 6, ;fdb' flos, cj;/

$= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z'4 kf/]/ ;f/ M

ljBfnosf cltl/Qm lj|mofsnfkdf ;xefuL x'b} cfPsf] Joxf/] f dxf]bonfO{ caut} 5 .

v_ tnsf dWo] z'4 zAbdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M

!= c_ ;fd'bfOs cf_ ;fd'bfoLs O_ zfdb' flos O_{ ;fd'bflos

@= c_ jSt[tf cf_ jSqLtf O_ jlSqtf O{_ jaStt[ f

#= c_ ca;/ cf_ cjz/ O_ cj;/ O{_ cj;/\

$= c_ ;jf{T] s[:6 cf_ ;afT]{ s[i6 O_ ;jf]{TsZ[ 6 O_{ ;jf]T{ s[i6

%= tnsf zAbsf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb;uF hf8] f ldnfpm M

cg'sn" gfl:ts

cfl:ts c1fgL

lzlIft klZrd

1fgL k|ltsn"

kj" { clzlIft

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 47

^= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M

l;kmfl/; xf};nf

pTsi[ 6 dfs} f

k|fT] ;fxg cg'/f]w kq

lgoldt w]/} /fd|f]

cj;/ ;w}F

&= dflysf] lgjb] gaf6 ‘z’, ‘if’ nfus] f zAbx¿ l6k .

k9fO÷nv] fO ;Lk

!= tnsf jfSox¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M

s_ dflysf] lgjb] g s;n] nv] s] f] xf] <
==========================================================================================

v_ lgj]bsn] k|wfgfWofksnfO{ lsg lgj]bg n]v]sL x'g\ <
==========================================================================================

u_ sljtf kl| tofl] utf sxfF cfofh] gf ul/Psf] /x]5 <
==========================================================================================

3_ k|ltofl] utfsf] cfofh] gf lsg ul/Psf] /x5] <
==========================================================================================

ª_ kl| tofl] utfdf ;xefuL xg' kfP lgj]bsn] s] ug]{ egs] L l5g<\
==========================================================================================

48 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff %

@= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls jf a]7Ls s] x'g\ < lrg/] n]v M
s_ lgj]bs sIff % df k9\g] lgoldt ljBfyL{ xg' \ .
v_ /l] 8of] gk] fnn] sljtf kl| tofl] utfsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] .
u_ 3/kl/jf/n] lgj]bsnfO{ lg?T;flxt u/]sf lyP .
3_ jStt[ fdf lgjb] s k|yd ePsL lyOg\ .
ª_ df]tL hoGtLsf cj;/df sfoj{ |mdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] /x5] .

#= ldNg] zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ M

s_ d]/f] sljtf ================= sljtfsf] ¿kdf 5flgPsf] lyof] . -;jf{T] s[i6, ljzi] f_

v_ ljBfnosf] =============== df klg d/] f] sljtf 5flkPsf] lyof] . -:dfl/sf, klqsf_

u_ ===================== cf}F efgh' oGtLsf] cj;/df ;f] sfo{j|md cfofh] gf ul/Psf]

lyof] . -@)# ,@)$_

3_ sljtf ===================== nv] ]/ jfrg ugk'{ g]{ /x]5 . -c¿n,] cfkmnF} ]_

ª_ ===================== l;kmfl/; cfjZos kg{] /x5] . -sfofn{ osf,] ljBfnosf_]

$= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ sljtf k|ltofl] utfsf] cfof]hgf s;n] u/s] f] xf] <
v_ lgj]bsn] sljtf kl| tof]lutfdf efu lng rfxg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] <
u_ kl| tof]lutfsf] cfof]hgf sg' p2Z] on] ul/Psf] /x5] <

%= sljtf n]vg k|ltofl] utfdf efu lng rfxg] lgjb] ssf] Ifdtfsf] af/]df cfÇg} zAbdf
j0fg{ u/ .



;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff % 49

tnsf] z'esfdgf Wofg lbP/ k9 M

xflbs{ ze' sfdgf

@)&% sf] ljhof bzdL, bLkfjnL, 57, Ob tyf gk] fn ;+jt\ !!#* sf]
kfjg cj;/df bz] ljb]zdf a:g'xg' ] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL bfhe' fO, lbbLalxgLx¿,
xfd|f kf7\ok':tssf lajm| t] f, kf7sx¿, lzIfs, ljBfyL{ ;a}df ;'v, zflGt,
;d[l4 / pQ/f]Q/ ku| ltsf] sfdgf;lxt xflbs{ dªu\ ndo ze' sfdgf JoQm

ub{5f}F .
lug| a'S; kl/jf/,nlntk/'

s= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s n]v M
kfjg, zflGt, ;d[l4, dª\undo, pQ/f]Q/, klAns;] g
v= 7Ls pQ/df /]hf -µ_ nufpm M
c= ze' sfdgf Pp6f wd{ dfGg]nfO{ dfq lbOPsf] 5 .
cf= g]kfn ;j+ ts\ f] klg ze' sfdgf lbOPsf] 5 .
O= cfÇgf lstfa k9\g]nfO{ klg ze' sfdgf lbOPsf] 5 .
O={ z'esfdgfdf ;as} f] enfOsf] sfdgf ul/Psf] 5 .
p= klAns];g sf7df8fFd} f cjl:yt 5 .
u= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
c= z'esfdgf sg' s'g cj;/df lbOPsf] 5 <
====================================================================================
cf= ze' sfdgf ss;nfO{ lbOPsf] 5<
====================================================================================
O= ze' sfdgfdf s:tf] sfdgf ul/Psf] 5 <
====================================================================================

50 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff %