Green Sungava Nepali 5

dflysf] 9ª' \ufnfO{ To;sf] dfly xftn] rnfpgk' 5{ . 3§df rflxF tnsf] dbfgL;uF dflysf] 9ª' u\ f
hfl] 8Psf] x'G5 .

xfdf| ] kfnf] cfpg nfu]sf lyof] . xfdL leq l5¥ofF} . 3§df 3l' d/xs] f] 9'ªu\ fsf] aLrdf Kjfn
xFb' f] /x5] . Tof] Kjfndf cGg v:g] u/L af;F n] ag' s] f] ;f]nLnfO{ 8f]/Lsf] ;xfotfn] ¹G' 8\ofP/
/flvbF f] /x]5 . cGg lg/Gt/ v:gsf nflu ¹'G8\ofOPsf] ;fn] Lsf] d'vdf sf7sf] wf/f hf]l8bF f]
/x5] . ToxL wf/faf6 7Ls dfqfdf cGg 3§sf] Kjfndf v;]kl5 lklgbF f] /x]5 . ;f]nL Pp6} ultdf
xlNnPkl5 dfq cGg ¹bf{] /x5] . o;sf nflu 3'ld/xs] f] 3§df 6o\ fs6\ofs u/L 7f]lsg] u/]/
Pp6f sf7sf] r/fnfO{ ;f]nLdf hfl] 8Psf] /x]5 . 3§dfly Pp6} tfndf 6\jfs6\jfs u/L plkm| g]
snfTds r/fs] f] pkm| fOn] dnfO{ va' /dfOnf] nfUof] . d}n] of] r/fn] fO{ 3§df g7f]sfP s] xG' 5
eg/] ;f]w]kl5 xh'/afn] To;nfO{ prfn/] bv] fpge' of] . s:tf] crDd r/f]nfO{ prfnk] l5 t
;f]nLaf6 cGg ¹b}{ ¹/]g .

kmggg 3'ld/xs] f] 3§sf] aLrdf /x]sf] Kjfnaf6 k;s] f] cGg ldlxg eP/ 3§sf] jl/kl/ 3/] f
nfUg yfns] f] bv] k] l5 d 5Ss k/]F . cfdf kL7f] p7fpbF } af]/fdf /fVb} ug{ yfNg'eof] . 3§ rnfpg]
dflg;nfO{ 36]/f] eGbf /x]5g\ . ToxfF klg xfd|} ufpFsf Ps hgf sfsf kg{] JolQm 36/] f] xg' x' 'bF f]
/x5] . kfgLaf6 rNg] ePsfn] 3§ vf]nfsf] 5]pdf xG' 5 . To;}n] dflg;sf] a:tLeGbf 6f9f xG' 5
eGg] s'/f xh'/afn] ;'gfpg'eof] . 3§df cGg lk:g w/] a} /] nfUbf] /x5] . lbgdf dfq xfO] g /ftdf
klg 3§ o;/L g} rln/xbF f] /x]5 . To;}n] 5fk|fs] f] 5]pdf 36/] fn] ] vfgf ksfpg] cu]gf] klg
agfOPsf] /x]5 . lbp;F f] gEofPsf dflg;x¿ /ft a:g] u/L klg 3§ hfbF f /x5] g\ .

;x/ahf/df cfw'lgs Çnf]/ ldndf lkFw]sf] kL7f]eGbf 3§df lkwF ]sf] kL7f]sf] :jfb w/] } dL7f]
xG' 5 . cGgdf /xs] f] kfl} i6s tŒj klg gi6 gx'g] :jfb klg /fd|f] x'g] ePsfn] 3§sf] nfs] lk|otf
36s] f] 5g} eg/] xh'/afn] ;g' fpge' of] . kL7f] tof/ ePkl5 36]/fn] fO{ k};f jf kL7f] Hofnf lbg]
rng /x5] . 3/ kmlsb+{ f af6fd] f xh'/afn] cfwl' gs k|ljlwx¿sf] ko| f]un] k/Dk/fut dfl} ns
kl| jlwx¿ x/fpg yfns] f] s'/f ;'gfpg'eof] . klxnf Tof] vfn] fsf] lsgf/df w]/} j6f 3§x¿ lyP
/] . ‘cr]n dflg;x¿ wg sdfpg ljb]z hfg yfn] . 3§ rnfpg] dflg; ePgg\ . dflg;x¿

zAbf {y ;fn] L M dv' 7"nf] lkwF ;fgf] ePsf], Ps snfTds M lgs} /fd|f], l;Fufl/Psf] jf a§' f el/Psf]
ef8F faf6 csf{ ef8F fdf t]n cflb nfs] lko| tf M ;a}n] dg k/fpg] efj
kbfy{ vGofpg] sfddf cfjZos kg{]
;fwg

;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff % 201

cGg aR] g] clg cfwl' gs ldndf lkFw]sf] kL7f] lsGg yfn] . o;f] ubf{ 3§ rnfpg]sf] Joj;fo klg
;ª\s6df kg{ yfNof] .’ xh'/af ;g' fpgx' 'Fb} lyof] .

3/ cfPkl5 cfdfn] /f6] L ksfpg'eof] . 3§df lkwF ]sf] kL7f]af6 cu]gf]df ksfPsf] /f6] L bxL;uF
vfbF f ;fx|} /dfOnf] eof] . 3§ s] xf], o;n] s;/L sfd u5{ eGg] s'/f /fd|/L l;Sg kfP/ d cfw} L
v';L ePF .

zAbf {y kl| jlw M j1} flgs 9ªu\ n] sfd ug]{ ;Lk ;ª\s6 M afwf, cK7\of/f]
Joj;fo M k];f

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M
kfgL3§, kf| rLg, pknlAwk"0f{, nfs] lko| tf, 5fk|f,] 9ª' \uf, 8F8'
@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ nv] M
;kl/jf/, pknlAwk0" f{, ef/L, bl} gs, d9' f], ;f]nL, snfTds
#= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
k|ToIf, gfDnf,] 8'F8, dbfgL, cfjZos, nfs] lko| tf

202 ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff %

$= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z4' kf//] ;f/ M

cgg\ df /xs] f] kfl} :6s tTj klg gi6 gxg' ] :jfb kgL /fdf| ] x'g] ePsfn] 36\6sf]
nfs] lko| tf 36]sf] 5g} \

v_ tnsf dWo] z'4 zAbdf /h] f -µ_ nufpm M

!= c_ kflg36\6 cf_ kfgL 3§ O_ kflg3§ O{_ kfgL3§
O_{ kj| LwL
@= c_ kl| alw cf_ kj| Llw O_ k|ljlw O_{ dplns
O{_ laz]if u/L
#= c_ df}nLs cf_ dfl} ns O_ df}nLs \

$= c_ ljz]ifu/L cf_ ljz;] u/L O_ lj;;] u/L

%= tnsf ljk/LtfyL{ zAb;Fu hf8] f ldnfpm M

kT| oIf c;'ljwf

cfw'lgs ;kmf

cfkmGt cvfB

hf8f] xns' f

ux|f F} kf| rLg

vfB ck|ToIf

;'ljwf udL{

kmfx] f]/ cgfjZos

cfjZos k/fO{

^= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M

k|frLg hfGg] rfxgf

;Dkbf ;fgf] vf]nf]

5fkf| ] ;DklQ

lh1f;f k/' fgf]

s'nf] /dfOnf]

/d¹d ¹k' |f]

&= dflysf] kf7af6 bL3{ Os{ f/ xg' ] zAb vfh] ]/ n]v .

;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff % 203

k9fO÷nv] fO ;Lk

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M

s_ ;x/sf] /d¹ddf dfq} cNdlnbF f xfdLnfO{ s] 3f6f ePsf] 5 <
===========================================================================================

v_ dbfgL s;/L 3D' bf] /x5] <
===========================================================================================

u_ 9ª' \ufsf] aLrsf] Kjfndf cGg s;/L v:bf] /x]5 <
===========================================================================================

3_ ;fn] LnfO{ Pp6} ultdf xNnfpgsf] nflu s] pkfo ul/bF f] /x]5 <
===========================================================================================

ª_ s] ubf{ ;fx}| /dfOnf] eof] <
===========================================================================================

@= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls jf a7] Ls s] x'g\, lrg]/ nv] M

s_ kfgLaf6 rNg] ePsfn] kfgL3§ elgPsf] xf] .

v_ kfgL3§ kf| oM vfn] f jf gbLsf] 5]p5fp x'g] u5{g\ .

u_ kfgL3§af6 d}bf tof/ kfl/G5 .

3_ kfgL3§ rnfpgn] fO{ 3§] elgFbf] /x]5 .

ª_ cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] k|ofu] n] df}lns k|ljlwx¿ x/fpFb} uO/x]sf 5g\ .

#= ldNg] zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ M

36]/f,] kmf]xf]/f, 9ª' u\ f, pknlAwk0" f{, d'9fd] f
s_ o;kflnsf] hf8f] labf d/] f nflu ========================= /Åof] .
v_ 3§sf] dl' gkl§ 5o\ f/{ ¹/s] f] kfgLsf] ========================= /x]5 .
u_ ========================= vf]k]/ sf7sf kmns] x¿ 7f]lsPsf /x]5g\ .

204 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff %

3_ 3§df tnsf] dbfgL;Fu dflysf] ========================= hf]l8Psf] xG' 5 .
ª_ 3§ rnfpg] dflg;nfO{ ========================= elgG5 .

$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] Ps zAbdf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ xh'/afn] ¹f]nfdf s] af]Sge' Psf] lyof] <
v_ 5fk|fd] f s] 3l' d/x]sf] lyof] <
u_ s'nfsf] kfgL sa] f6 3§;Dd k'Ubf] /x]5 <
3_ dbfgLdf s] sl;Psf] x'G5 <
ª_ vfgf ksfpgsf nflu cug] f] s;n] agfPsf] /x5] <

%= tnsf] cg'R5]bsf] cfwf/df ;fl] wPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M

kmggg 3l' d/x]sf] 3§sf] aLrdf /xs] f] Kjfnaf6 k;]sf] cGg ldxLg eP/ 3§sf] jl/kl/
3]/f nfUg yfn]sf] b]vk] l5 d 5Ss k/]F . cfdf kL7f] p7fpbF } af/] fdf /fVb} ug{ yfNg'eof] .
3§ rnfpg] dflg;nfO{ 36]/f] eGbf /x]5g\ . ToxfF klg xfd}| ufpFsf Ps hgf sfsf kg]{
JolQm 36/] f] xg' x' 'Fbf] /x]5 . kfgLaf6 rNg] ePsfn] 3§ vfn] fsf] 5]pdf x'G5 . To;}n]
dflg;sf] a:tLeGbf 6f9f x'G5 eGg] s'/f xh'/afn] ;'gfpge' of] . 3§df cGg lk:g w/] }a]/
nfUbf] /x]5 . lbgdf dfq xfO] g /ftdf klg 3§ o;/L g} rln/xFbf] /x]5 . To;n} ] 5fkf| ]sf]
5]pdf 36/] fn] ] vfgf ksfpg] cu]gf] klg agfOPsf] /x]5 . lbp;F f] gEofPsf dflg;x¿
/ft a:g] u/L klg 3§ hfFbf /x5] g\ .

s= d kfqnfO{ lsg cfZro{ nfUof] <

v= kfgL3§ lbg/ft rln/xg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] <

^= bz jfSodf efj lj:tf/ u/ M

cfwl' gs k|ljlwsf] k|of]un] k/Dk/fut df}lns k|ljlwx¿ x/fpFb} uPsf 5g\ .

&= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M

s= kfgL3§af6 ss] ] sfd lng ;lsG5 <

v= kfgL3§af6 s;/L cGg lklgg] /x5] < j0fg{ u/ .

u= kfgL3§ clxn] klg nf]slk|o xg' 'sf] sf/0f s] xf] <

*= kfgL3§ lgaGwnfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ agfP/ kfgL3§sf] j0f{g cfÇg} zAbdf u/ .

;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff % 205

tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M

/fhg kfrF sIffdf k9Y\ of] . pm k9\gdf tl] hnf] lyof] . t/ :s'naf6 kms{]kl5 pm cfÇgf] lstfasf]
¹f]nf hxfF dg nfUof] ToxLF kmfNYof] / aflx/ v]Ng hfGYof] . ux[ sfo{ ug{] jn] f aNn pm ¹fn] f
vfh] ]/ /GylgGYof] . cfdfn] p;sf] ¹fn] f vf]lhlbg'kYof]{ . /fhgsf] o:tf] afgL bv] ]/ cfdf lbSs
xl' Gyg\ . cfdfn] ;D¹fpFbf ‘x;’\ eg] klg csf]{ lbg pm cfdfsf] s/' f lal;{GYof] . p;sf] of] ¹fn] f
g;DxfNg] afgL slxNo} x6g] . Ps lbg :sn' af6 cfPkl5 /fhg ¹fn] f a/G8fdf kmfn]/ aflx/
v]Ng uof] . ToxL jn] f d';nwf/] kfgL k¥of] . aflx/ v]n]/ kms]{kl5 /fhgn] u[xsfo{ ug{ vfH] of] .
t/ ¹fn] f el] 6Pg . cfdfn] klg va' vf]Hg'eof] t/ ¹fn] f el] 6Pg . /fhgn] aNn cfk"mn] ¹f]nf
a/G8fdf kmfn]sf] s/' f ;Dˆof] . pm bu'b}{ a/G8fdf uof] . ¹fn] f dfq xfO] g lstfasfkL;d]t
sfd gnfUg] u/L leh]sf lyP . /fhg cfÇgf] lstfa / sfkLsf] xfnt bv] /] 8fFsf] 5f]8]/ /f]of] .
cfdfn] va' ;D¹fOg\ . t/ /fhg /fO] /Åof] . cfdfn] gofF lstfa sfkL lslglbg] egk] l5 /fhg
?g t 5f8\of] t/ p;nfO{ cfÇgf] x]nrs|ofOF ug{] afgLkl| t va' k5t' f] eof] . To; lbgb]lv /fhgn]
cfÇgf] ¹f]nf dfq} xfO] g, cfÇgf x/]s ;fdfgnfO{ ;xL 7fpFdf /fVg] afgL a;fNof] .

s= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s n]v M

a/G8f, ux[ sfo{, 8fsF f,] x]nrso| fOF, ;D¹fpbF f, kfFr, d';nwf/]

v= 7Ls pQ/df /]hf -µ_ nufpm M

s= /fhgn] slxn]sfxLF cfÇgf] ¹f]nfsf] aj] f:tf uYof{] .

v= /fhg k9\gdf sdhf/] lyof] .

u= /fhgsf] afgL cfdfnfO{ dg kYof]{ .

3= lstfasfkL kfgLdf leh]/ sfd gnfUg] ePsf lyP .

ª= /fhgnfO{ cfÇgf] afgLk|lt sg' } k5t' f] ePg .

u= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M

!= /fhgsf] :jefj s:tf] lyof] <
== =========================================================================================

@= d;' nwf/] kfgL sltv/] k¥of] <
== =========================================================================================

206 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff %

#= /fhgn] s] s/' f ;Dˆof] <
== =========================================================================================

$= /fhgnfO{ s] u/]kl5 ?g 5f8\of] <
== =========================================================================================

%= syfn] lbg] ;Gbz] s] xf] <
===========================================================================================

;g' fO ;Lk

-k[i7 @!^ df lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b_
lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;'g / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M

s= gk] fndf /xs] f kfgLsf ;|ft] x¿ s]s] xg' \ <

v= gbLx¿df gx/ agfP/ s] ul/Psf] 5 <

u= g]kfndf /x]sf] pj/{ hldgaf6 s] kmfObf p7fpg ;lsG5 <

3= w]/} dflg;n] gk] fndf g} /f]huf/L kfpg] pkfo s] xf] <

ª= clxn]sf] ;dosf] dfu s] xf] <

@= sfi] 7saf6 vfnL 7fpFdf 7Ls pQ/ e/ M

s_ g]kfnsf gbLx¿ ================== af6 lg:s]/ t/fO{lt/ aU5g\ . -kxf8, lxdfn_

v_ gbLx¿df ==================== afwF ]/ lah'nL lgsflnPsf] 5 . -8f]/L, afFw_

u_ lahn' L pTkfbg ug{ ;s] ============ ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 . -pBfu] , aGhL hDk_

3_ vfn] fdf aUg] kfgLaf6 ==================== rnfpg ;lsG5 . -kfgL3§, ldn_

ª_ ==================== vN] g ko6{ sx¿ cfp5F g\ . -elnan, ¥oflÇ6ª_

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 207

Jofs/0f ;Lk

kbju{ M kbju{nfO{ zAbju{ klg klg elgG5 . kbju{ jf zAbju{ lgDg 5g\ M

!= gfd @= ;jg{ fd

#= ljz]if0f $= lj|mof

%= gfdofu] L ^= lj|mofof]uL

&= ;o+ f]hs *= lj:doflbaf]ws

(= lgkft

gLnf] /ªdf n]lvPsf zAbx¿sf] zAbsf] kbju{ 56' o\ fpm M

h:t} M d /fdf| ] lrq agfpF5' .

d M ;jg{ fd /fd|f] M ljzi] f0f lrq M gfd agfpF5' M ljm| of

s= xfdL dL7f] uLt ufp5F f}F .

v= afafn] dnfO{ k9fpge' of] .

u= /f]xg / ldng ldNg] ;fyL x'g\ .

3= ;fyLx¿n] dnfO{ ;xof]u u/] .

ª= ldlxg]tL ls;fgn] ldlxgt] u5g{ \ .

r= d}n] lxdfnosf] ;'Gb/ bZ[ o bv] ]F .

5= lbbLn] alxgLnfO{ ;G' b/ v]nfg} f NofOlbg'eP5 .

h= ljBfyLx{ ¿ rf/} df plkm| bF } 5g\ .

¹= ;fyL t sIff sf7] fleq} a;]sf] /x5] .

`= lar/f ¤ dfUg] dfG5] t kfgLdf leh]5 .

208 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff %

l;hg{ fTds ;Lk

!= tnsf a'bF fx¿sf] cfwf/df l9FsL hftF f] zLif{sdf lgaGw n]v .

l9sL s6' g\ ] ;fwg =b=f=Ft===k==l=g===/=fVogf'k] sg]{ f7==n==]==a==g=s]===f]= xg' ] ============= l9sLsf] d'vkl§sf]
cfv] ndf kmnfdsf l9sLsf] Psfkl§sf] efunfO{ v'§fn]

=xh7=Fb']N=ftF=g} =uf]=] =P/x=s=f=5df==f|f==8] =k=xg\ =/f=]tD=uk=n=//=] k]=3f=ul=d'5t=flPoo;kg;flw5nagffOh6x{ ¿fatF wrffn]=gf=P]=r=/s=f=d/=6' =fn]/=V=g,=r=u] =xfxdfc,F'dnfs|fw] bf'lagb] fglfso],fTpdjkgs|lj.n} ;lfwOlsn{ l]gku]FWbg. f] h{=o=f=FtL==f;=] =9f=w='ª=g=\u=x=f¿s. fl]9nxsfg'k] L]

@= cfk"mn] b]v]sf] s'g} k/Dk/fut ;fdfgsf] af/d] f lgaGw n]v .

ufp3“ /df xg' ] j:t'x¿

l9sL hftF f] 6'sL 7s] L

gfDnf] cf]bfg 8f]sf] gfª\nf]
esf/L y'Gr]
cfv] n xnf]

;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff % 209

;g' fO ;Lk

kf7 !

dfG5]h:tf] b'lgofFdf sfx] L xG' g ;fyL
dfG5d] fG5] Pscfk;df ldNbf x'G5 hftL .

l/;/fu Tofu] dfq} dfG5] aG5 1fgL
csfn{ fO{ vfN8f] vGbf cfkm}nF fO{ xflg .

aGb} hfcf];\ km/flsnf] ddtfsf] 5fgf]
dL7f] jrg af]Nbfvl] / sf]xL x'Gg ;fgf] .

efsf dL7f] ;f/ª\uLsf] dfbns' f] tfn
/fVg'x'Gg s}No} klg dgsf] dn} f] kmfn .

lng] eGbf lbg] xG' 5 ;+;f/df 7n" f]
cefjn] sf]xL s;}sf] lgEgx' G' g rn' f] .

kf7 @

dflg;sf] z/L/df dfq xf]Og dfgl;stfdf klg ljleGg ;d:ofx¿ bl] vG5g\ . dflg;n] dflg;;Fu
ug{] Jojxf/af6 p;df dfgl;s ;d:of 5 ls 5g} eg]/ yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . dflg;sf] hLjgnfO{
v/fa vfgkfgn] dfq} xf]Og v/fa afgLJoxf]/fn] klg xflg ul//xs] f] x'G5 . ¹6' f] af]Ng] / c¿sf] b]v/]
Oi{ of{ ug]{ dflg; v/fa dflg; xf] . c¿sf] g/fdf| ] ePsf] b]v/] v;' L x'g] / c¿sf] /fdf| ] bv] ]/ O{iof{
ug{] afgL dfgl;s ;d:of xf] . o:tf dflg;nfO{ s;}n] klg dg k/fpbF g} g\ . l/; klg Pp6f dfgl;s
;d:of xf] . l/; dflg;sf] zq' xf] . l/;n] s;}nfO{ klg kmfObf ub{}g . dgdf c;n ljrf/ lng ;sd] f
l/;sf] efjgf x6\5 . l/; pl7xfNof] eg] dfg} /xgk' 5{ .

210 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff %

kf7 #

dflg; b]jtf xfO] g t/ c;n ljrf/ / /fd|f sfdn] pm bj] tf hlQs} dfGg nfos klg x'g ;S5 . ;dfhdf
v/fa cfr/0f / ljrf/ ePsf dflg;x¿ klg kz| :t dfqfdf el] 6G5g\ . cfk;L snx df/sf6 / czflGt
dRrfP/ cfkm" cfgGb dfGg] :jefjsf dflg;n] dfgj ;db' fonfO{ sfnf] wAaf nufPsf 5g\ . ;dfhdf unt
/ ;xL s/' f 56' \ofP/ Pstf sfod ug{ ;lsof] eg] v/fa ljrf/sf dflg;x¿ :jtM sdhf/] xg' kU' 5g\ .
dflg; ;/;ªu\ tn] ;w' |g] kf| 0fL xf] . xfdLn] 8fs' /Tgfs/ dxlif{ jfNdLls ag]sf] syf klg ;g' s] f 5f†F} To;sf
nflu ;fdflhs jftfj/0f 7Ls x'gk' 5{ . ;fdflhs jftfj/0f 7Ls xg' ' ;dfhsf ;b:osf aLr cfk;L kd]|
cfb/sf] efjgf, st{Josf] Vofn / dof{lbt afgLax] f]/f x'g' cTofjZos dflgG5 . oL s'/fx¿tkm{ dflg;n]
v'a} ljrf/ k¥' ofpgk' 5{ .

kf7 $

xflb{s cg/' f]w

jghªu\ nsf] jftfj/0f;u“ kT| oIf ;fOgf] uf“l;Psf] xG' 5 . jghªu\ n ;+/If0f ug{ g;s]sf] v08df
efjL k':tfn] kY[ jLnfO{ a:g ofU] o 7fp“ dx;;' ug]{ 5g} / dfgj cl:tTj g} ;ª\s6df kg{] 5 .
o;y{ jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0fdf d/] f] klg bfloTj 5 eGg] s/' fnfO{ dgg ub}{ ;Dk"0f{ gful/snfO{
jghª\unsf] ;/+ If0f / ljsf;df :jod\ hfu?s xg' cg'/f]w ul/G5 . cfpgx' f];\ ;a} ldn]/ vfnL
7fpFdf j[If/fk] 0f u/f}F . jgnfO{ 89]nf] nfUgaf6 hf]ufcfF} . jg hLjg xf] To;n} ] o;sf] /Iff u/f“} .

g]kfn ;/sf/

jg ljefu

kf7 %

g]kfn efiff cyf{t\ gj] f/L efiff gk] fndf afl] ng] efiffdWo] ;DkGg efiff xf] . o; efiffdf ;flxTosf] /fd|f]
ljsf; ePsf] 5 . g]kfn efiffdf sljtf sfJo, syf, lgaGw nufotsf ;flxTosf w]/} ljwfx¿ ljsl;t 5g\ .
g]kfn efiffdf /]l8of] tyf l6eLdf ;dfrf/ k;| f/0f x'G5 . gk] fn efiffsf sfoj{ m| dx¿ cfpg] 6l] nlehg klg
;~rfngdf 5g\ . o; efiffdf yk' }| kqklqsfx¿ ks| fzg ePsf 5g\ eg] k':tsx¿ klg k|sfzg ePsf 5g\ .
g]kfn efiffsf y'k|} uLt tyf ehgx¿ /s] 8{ ePsf 5g\ . o; efiffdf rnlrqx¿ klg lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ .
efiffsf] ljsf; dflg;x¿n] af]n]/ dfq xFb' g} . sg' } klg efiffsf] ljsf; Tof] efiffdf n]lvPsf ;fdu|Lx¿sf]
cj:yf s:tf] 5, To;sf] ks| fzg tyf k|;f/0f slQsf] ljsl;t 5 eGg] s/' fn] lgwf/{ 0f u5{ . o;/L x]bf{ g]kfn
efiff ljsl;t efiffdf kb{5 .

;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff % 211

kf7 ^

dflg;n] h:t} ;a} k|f0fLn] cfcfÇgf ;GtfgnfO{ dfof u5{g\ . ufO{n] cfÇgf afR5fnfO{ dfof u/]/ rf65\ .
e;F} Ln] cfÇgf kf8fkf8LnfO{ To;/L g} dfof u5{ . afFb/n] cfÇgf] aRrfnfO{ 5ftLdf afs] /] lx8F \5 . ss' '/n]
cfÇgf 5fp/fx¿nfO{ bw" r;' fp5F . sv' /' fn] cfÇgf rNnfx¿nfO{ ;Fu;uF } lnP/ lxF85\ , rf/f l6Kg l;sfpF5
/ 5fk] /] a:5 . cGo r/fr'?ªu\ Ln] klg cfÇgf aRrfsf nflu 6f9f6f9faf6 rf/f] vfh] ]/ NofO{ v'jfP/ uF'8df
xs' fp{ F5g\ . hªu\ nL hgfj/x¿n] klg cfÇgf aRrfaRrLnfO{ v'a dfof ub}{ b"w vj' fP/ xs' fp{ 5F g\ . cfÇgf
aRrfaRrLnfO{ s;n} ] rnfof] jf cfkm" af6 5'6fP/ n}hfg vf]Hof] eg] pgLx¿n] cfj|md0f u5g{ \ . To;n} ]
cfdfsf] dfof ;as} f nflu cd"No xG' 5 . oL ;a} k|f0fLsf aRrfn] klg cfÇgL cfdfnfO{ plQs} dfof u5{g\ .

kf7 &

dfgj z/L/ :j:y eP dfq dflg; cfÇgf] sfo{ /fd/| L ug{ ;S5 . dflg;n] :j:y /xg ;bj} cfÇgf] :jf:Yosf]
Vofn ug{'k5{ . dflg;sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] wg egs] } :jf:Yo xf] . dflg;sf nflu :j:y z/L/ cTofjZos xG' 5 .
ljZjk|l;4 bfz{lgs Kn6] f]n] æ:j:y z/L/df g} :j:y dl:tis /xG5Æ eg]/ :jf:Yosf] dxŒjdfly cfÇgf]
wf/0ff k:| tt' u/s] f 5g\ . ;dodf vfglkg u/], lgoldt Jofofd u/] tyf lgwfl{ /t ;dodf ;T' g] / p7g\ ] u/]
dflg; :j:y /xg ;S5 . vfglkgdf klg dflg;n] ljzi] f Wofg lbg'k5{ . z/L/nfO{ c;/ kg]{ vfnsf vfg]s/' f
vfgx' F'b}g . lha|f]nfO{ :jfb cfof] eGbd} f :jf:YonfO{ c;/ kg]{ vfg]s'/f vfgfn] g} cfhsf dflg;x¿nfO{ /fu]
nfUg] u/s] f] 5 . cfh bl] vPsf clwsf+z /f]ux¿ vfgf tyf kfgLsf sf/0f nfUg] u/s] f 5g\ . To;}n] dflg;n]
;kmf / :jR5 kfgL lkpgk' 5{ . cfÇgf] z/L/sf] IfdtfeGbf a9L c;/ kg{] vfnsf sfd ugfn{ ] klg z/L/df
/fu] nfU5 . dflg;n] Pp6f s'/f ;wF} ;D¹gk' 5{ ls /fu] nfuk] l5 pkrf/ uge'{ Gbf /fu] nfUg} glbg' a'l4dfgL
xf] .

kf7 *

38L dflg;sf nflu geO{ gxg' ] ;fwg xf] . klxn] klxn] 38L lyPg . dflg;x¿n] 3fdsf] 5fofnfO{ x]/]/ ;do
kQf nufpFy] . pgLx¿n] laxfgLdf efn] af;s] f] ;'g/] pHofnf] ePsf] yfxf kfpyF ] . afbn nfu]sf] j]nfdf
abdsf] kft Pscfk;df hfl] 8Pdf jf ˆofpFls/L s/fPdf ;fF¹ k/s] f] yfxf kfpg] ul/GYof] . kl5 38Lsf]
cfljisf/ eof] / dflg;nfO{ ;do yfxf kfpg ;lhnf] eof] . hdg{ Lsf lk6/ x]glngn] klxnfk] 6s 38L
agfP . pgn] agfPsf] 38L lgs} 7n" f] lyof] . cfhef]ln 38LnfO{ ljleGg :j¿kdf bV] g kfOG5 . xftdf afFWg]
38LnfO{ xft]38L elgG5, 6a] ndf /fVg] 38LnfO{ 6]an38L / leQfdf ¹G' 8o\ fOg] 38LnfO{ leQ3] 8L elgG5 .
306f3/df /fvs] f] 38Ln] j]nfjn] fdf 306L ahfP/ ;an} fO{ ;dosf] hfgsf/L lbg] u5{ . sf7df8fFs} f] lqrGb|

snh] /fgLkfv] /Ldf /x]sf] 306f3/ >L # jL/dz]/n] agfpg nufPsf xg' \ .

212 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff %

kf7 (

sDKo'6/ ljleGg If]qdf ko| f]u xbF' } cfPsf] 5 . 3/, sfof{no, a}ª\s, ljBfno cflb :yfgdf sDKo'6/sf] k|ofu]
clgjfo{h:t} ePsf] 5 . 3/df Odn] , OG6/g]6sf] ko| fu] sf nflu sDKo6' /sf] cfjZostf x'G5 . ljBfyLx{ ¿n]
cfÇgf] ux[ sfo{ ug{ klg sDKo'6/sf] ko| fu] ug{ ;S5g\ . ljBfnodf lbOPsf kl/ofh] gf tof/ kfg{ klg
sDKo'6/ geO{ xF'b}g . cfhef]ln ;/sf/L jf u/} ;/sf/L ;a} sfofn{ ox¿df sDKo6' / clgjfoh{ :t} ePsf] 5 .
sfof{nosf kmfOnx¿ /fVgsf nflu, sg' } kmfOn t?' Gt} vf]h/] kfpgsf nflu, kqfrf/sf nflu sfof{nox¿df
sDKo6' /sf] ko| fu] xFb' } cfPsf] 5 . a}ªs\ df lx;falstfa /fVgsf nflu / uf| xsnfO{ l56fe] Gbf l56f] ;'ljwf
lbgsf nflu sDKo6' /sf] k|of]u ul/bF } cfPsf] 5 . oftfoft sfof{nodf /flvPsf sDKo6' /x¿n] ;8sdf
eO/x]sf ultljlwsf] hfgsf/L lbg] u5{g\ . c:ktfndf /flvPsf sDKo'6/x¿n] ubf{ la/fdLsf] hfFr ug{ w]/}
;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . o;/L sDKo6' / cfhsf] o'usf] cTofjZos ;fwgsf] ¿kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 .

kf7 !)

n;'g

– ke| f e§/fO{

wtL{dfly vftv} ft nfdfnfdf kft

df6f]leq 8Nnf] kmNg] xG' 5 d/] f] hft

;fgf;fgf lah'nfn] ags] f] 5 8Nnf]

dnfO{ la;]{ ltd|f] efG5f xg' hfnf vNnf] .

;s] vfpm xl/ofd] } s]nfP/ kft

sfd nfU5 kl5;Dd ;'sfP/ /fv

d;nf g} eG5g\ dnfO{ 7Ls} t xf] s'/f .

hfgb] ]lv ltdf| ] nflu cf}ifwL x'F k"/f

n;g' xF' ;g' h:t} ltdL klg ;'g

w/] n} fO{ v;' L kf/F] nufP/ ug'

pvfg of] ;'gL ;a} efG5flt/ k;g" \

lbgsf] Ps kf6] L n;g' , 8fS6/ aflx/} a;g" \ .

;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff % 213

kf7 !!
dflg; cfÇgf]kg jf cfÇgf] Ifdtfdf /dfpg'k5{ . cfk"m;Fu ePsf] s'/fdf cfgGb dfGg ;Sg] dflg;
;'vL dflg; xf] . s;d} f gfRg] Ifdtf x'G5 eg] s;d} f ufpg] Ifdtf xG' 5 . sfx] L k9\gn]Vg l;kfn'
x'G5g\ eg] sfx] L v]ns'b / cltl/Qm lj|mofsnfkdf cAan x'G5g\ . ‘c¿ 3f]8f r9] eGbd} f cfkm" w'/L
r9\g'xF'b}g’ eGg] egfO klg 5 . kT| o]s dflg;df cfÇgf] 5'§} ljz]iftf x'G5 . cfk"mdf /x]sf] Ifdtf jf
ljzi] ftf lrGg ;Sg] dfG5] ;kmn aGg ;S5 . ‘sfun] sfg nUof] eg]/ sfusf] kl5 bf}8ge' Gbf klxn]
cfÇgf] sfg 5fDgk' 5{’ . a"9fkfsf / cg'ejL dflg;sf s/' f ;'Gg] afgL a;fNg'k5{ . egfO klg 5 ‘s'/f
;'Gg" a"9fsf] cfuf] tfKg" d9' fsf] .’ cfk"mn] ghfg]sf] s'/f c¿nfO{ ;f]Wg] / cfk"mn] hfg]sf] s/' f c¿nfO{
l;sfOlbg] dflg; c;n dflg; xf] .

kf7 !@
;;+ f/df dfG5s] } sf/0fn] dfG5x] ¿ b'MvL / kLl8t lyP / sts} t} clxn] klg 5g\ . klxnk] lxn] uf/] f
hfltn] sfnf hfltnfO{ g/fd|f] Jojxf/ uy{] . clxn] klg st} tNnf] hft eg/] dflg;n] dflg;nfO{
xK] g] / st} ul/a eg]/ xf]Rofpg] u/]sf] ;G' gdf cfpg' lrGtfsf] s/' f xf] . sltko bz] df o'4sf
sf/0f ;j;{ fwf/0f dflg;n] Hofg ud' fpg'k/s] f] / st} 3fOt] eO{ b'Mv kfPsf 36gf klg ;'lgG5g\ .
o:tf 36gfn] ubf{ dflg;af6 g} dflg;nfO{ ;d:of k/]sf] 5 . dflg;n] of] ;+;f/df :jtGqtfkj" s{
lxF8\g 8'Ng, sfd ug{ / k9g\ n]Vg kfpg'k5{ eGg] sfgg' x¿ ag]sf 5g\ . t/ ;a} bz] df / ;a} 7fpFdf
dflg;n] ljgf 8/ qf; lx8F 8n' ug{] cj:yf 5}g . slxn] ad k8\s]/ dflg;x¿ 3fOt] ePsf] jf d[To'sf]
d'vdf k/]sf] 36gf ;l' gG5 eg] st} cfTd3ftL xdnfsf ;dfrf/x¿ klg cfp5F g\ . c¹ st}st} o:tf
36gfx¿sf] l;sf/ lgbf{i] f afnaflnsf, dlxnf / a9" fa"9L xg' ] u/s] f ;l' gg' lgs} bM' vnfUbf] s'/f xf] .

kf7 !#

bfn] vf lhNnf /x]sf] lh/L sf7df8fF}af6 6f9f eP klg o;sf] ljsf; nfe] nfUbf] 5 . l:j6h\ /NofG8
;/sf/n] lh/Lsf] e–" agf6] cfÇgf] h:t} nfu]/ o;sf] ljsf;df nfdf] ;dob]lv ;xofu] ub}{ cfPsf]
5 . l:j; ;/sf/n] s[lif ;8s, lzIff tyf u|fdL0f ljsf;df ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 . l:j; ;/sf/s}
;xof]udf lh/Ldf :t/Lo c:ktfn, efl} ts ;l' jwf;DkGg ljBfno, ;a}sf 3/df uf7] tyf rkL{ ag]sf
5g\ . oxfFsf 8f8F fx¿ xl/of ;Nnfsf ¿vsf sf/0f cfsifs{ ags] f 5g\ . w/] } 8f8F fsf8F fdf lrofv]tL
ul/Psf] 5 . lrofaufgsf sf/0f lh/Lsf] ;f}Gbo{ a9]sf] 5 . oxfF pTkflbt cyf]{8S; lrof ljZjk|l;4
5 . :yfgLo rLh sf/vfgfdf pTkflbt rLhn] /fdf| ] ahf/ kfPsf] 5 . of] sl[ if ko6{ gsf nflu klg /fdf| ]
If]q xf] . zk] f{ hfltsf] a;fj] f; /x]sf] lh/Ldf /fd|f xf6] n tyf nh 5g\ . rt} j}zfvdf u'/f;F n] /ftfDo
xg' ] af6f] k';df3df lxpFn] k'l/G5 . z/b\ C[t'sf] df;} d eg] lh/L 3D' g] pko'Qm ;do xf] .

214 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff %

uLt kf7 !$
– b'uf{nfn >]i7

k"mnsf] cfvF fdf k"mn} ;+;f/
sf8F fsf] cfFvfdf sf8F } ;+;f/
¹l' NsG5 x} 5fof j:t'cg';f/
sf8F fsf] cfvF fdf sf8F } ;+;f/ .

lrQ z'4 xf];\ d/] f] af]nL a'4 xf;] \
d]/f] kfOtfnfn] ls/} gd/f;] \
/fd|f] cfvF fdf vN' 5 /fd|} ;+;f/
sf8F fsf] cfvF fdf sfF8} ;;+ f/ .

6x6x h'g bv] "F sfnf] /ft}df
hLjg;ª\uLt ;g' F" d ;V' vf kft}df
;ªn\ f] dgdf vN' 5 x} ;ª\n} ;;+ f/
sf8F fsf] cfFvfdf sfF8} ;;+ f/ .

kf7 !%
b3' {6gf slxNo} klg eg]/ cfpbF g} . To;n} ] b3' {6gfnfO{ eljtJo klg elgG5 . ufpFdf eGbf a9L
b3' 6{ gf ;x/df x'g] u5{g\ . ;8ssf aLrdf df]6/x¿ Pscfk;df hw' ]/ b3' 6{ gf x'G5 . lxF8s] f
dfG5]nfO{ uf8Ln] 7Ss/ lbP/ klg b3' {6gf x'g] u5{ . slxn]sfxLF kxf8L dfud{ f uf8Lx¿ eL/af6
n8/] 7n" f7n" f b'36{ gfx¿ x'g] u/]sf ;dfrf/x¿ klg ;G' g] ul/G5 . o;/L b'3{6gf xbF' f hgwgsf]
Iflt ePsf va/x¿ ;'Gg] ul/G5 . b3' 6{ gfaf6 aRgsf] nflu xfdL cfkm}F ;ts{ / ;fjwfg x'g'k5{ . a;,
6]Dkf] jf 6o\ fS;L cflbaf6 cf]lnF{bf xf]l;of/ eP/ cf]ln{g'k5{ . ;fOlsn l;Sbf 7n" f7"nf uf8Lx¿ rNg]
If]qdf jf uf8Lx¿ w]/} cfx] f/] bfx] f/] ug{] ;8sdf l;Sg'xbF' }g . af6fd] f lx8F \bf kb} n k6] Laf6 lx8F \g'k5{ .
af6f] jf/kf/ ubf{ h]af| j|ml;ªaf6 ug{] u/d] f klg b3' {6gfaf6 aRg ;lsG5 . uf8L rnfpFbf la:tf/}
rnfpgk' 5{ . egfO klg 5, l9nf] uP cjZo k'luG5, l56f] uP eGg ;lsGg .

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff % 215

kf7 !^
g]kfn hn;f| t] df wgL bz] xf] . oxfF w]/} gbLgfnf, ¹/gf, bx, tfn / s'08x¿ 5g\ . oxfsF f
aUg] gbLx¿dWo] w/] } gbLx¿ lxdfnaf6 lg:s]/ kxf8 x'bF } t/fOl{ t/ k'U5g\ . tL gbLx¿af6
st} gx/ agfP/ l;FrfO ul/Psf] 5 eg] st} afwF afFw/] lah'nL lgsflnPsf] 5 . gk] fndf pj/{
hldg w/] } 5 . pj{/ hldg eGgfn] cGg pTkfbg xg' ] hldg eGg] al' ¹G5 . Tof] hldgdf gbLsf
kfgLaf6 l;rF fO u//] w/] } cGg pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 . afwF afwF ]/ lahn' L pTkfbg ug{] sfdn] t
¹g\ w]/} g} kmfObf xG' 5 . w]/} lahn' L pTkfbg ug{ ;sd] f To;af6 snsf/vfgfx¿ ;~rfng ug{
;lsG5 . To;f] u/s] f] v08df w/] } dflg;n] gk] fndf g} /f]huf/L kfp5F g\ . gbL jf vfn] fx¿df
aUg] kfgLaf6 kfgL3§ klg rnfpg ;lsG5 . ltg} gbLdf ¥oflÇ6ª vN] g cfpg] ko{6sx¿af6
w]/} ljb]zL db' f| leœofpg ;lsG5 . o;/L g]kfndf /xs] f] hn;f| ]t xfdLx¿sf nflu k|fsl[ ts
pkxf/ g} ag]sf] 5 . o;sf] k0" f{ ;bk' ofu] ug{ ;Sg' ;dosf] dfu xf] .

216 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff %