Green Sungava Nepali 5

O={ z'esfdgf s;n] lbPsf] xf] <
====================================================================================

p= klAns];gsf] gfd s] xf] <
====================================================================================

;g' fO ;Lk

-k[i7 @!! df lbOPsf] ;r" gf_
lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;'g / tnsf sfo{x¿ u/ M
!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M
s= jghª\unsf] jftfj/0f;u“ s:tf] ;fOgf] ufl“ ;Psf] xG' 5 <


v= lsg dfgj cl:tTj g} ;ª\s6df kg]{ 5 <


u= s;nfO{ lsg hfu?s x'g cg'/fw] ul/Psf] 5 <


3= jgdf nfUg] cfuf]nfO{ s] elgG5 <


ª= cg/' f]w s;n] s]sf nflu u/s] f] 5 <



;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff % 51

@= sfi] 7saf6 vfnL 7fpFdf 7Ls pQ/ e/ M

s_ jghªu\ n ;/+ If0f ug{ g;s]sf] v08df ======================= n] kY[ jLnfO{ a:g

of]Uo 7fp“ dx;'; ug{] 5g} . -efjL k':tf, xfdf| k"jh{ _

v_ jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0fdf ======================= klg bfloTj 5 . -d/] f,] s;}sf]_

u_ ======================= ldn/] vfnL 7fpdF f jI[ f/fk] 0f ug'{k5{ . -;a} hgf, Ps hgf_

3_ jg ======================= xf] . -d/0f, hLjg_

ª_ jgsf] ======================= u/f“} . -ljgfz, /Iff_

Jofs/0f ;Lk

>l' t;dleGgfys{ zAb M ;G' bf p:t} ;'lgg] t/ nV] bf sx] L km/s x'g] / cyd{ f k/" } leGgtf xg' ]
zAbnfO{ >'lt;dleGgfy{s zAb elgG5 .

tn jfSodf k|of]u u/]/ lbOPsf >'lt;dleGgfy{s zAbnfO{ Wofg lbP/ k9 M

k§L → afWF g] sk8f → xftdf rf6] nfu]kl5 dn} ] k§L afwF ]F .

kl§ → lt/ → uf8Ldf ofqf ubf{ lbbL ˆofnkl§ kms/{] a:gx' 'G5 .

ljgf → afx]s → d ;fyLljgf PSn} v]lNbgF .

jL0ff → afhf → ;/:jtLsf] xftdf jL0ff x'G5 .

ef8F f → efF8fs8F' f → cfdfn] ltxf/df gofF efF8f lsGg'eof] .

ef8f → z'Ns → xfdL ef8f lt/]/ dfq uf8Laf6 ¹¥ofF} .

np] m → Nofpg] sfd → ltd|f] ;fdfg dnfO{ n]pm g ¤

n]p → kfgLdf nfUg] ˆofp → np] df lrlKnP/ bfh' n8\g'eof] .

ljif → hx/ → afafn] d;' fsf] ljif aRrfn] ge]6g\ ] 7fpdF f /fVge' of] .

aL; → ;ªV\ of → ;fyLn] sIff k/LIffdf aL;df aL; g} NofP5 .

zLt → kfgLsf] yfk] f → laxfg} kftdf zLtsf] yf]kf bl] vG5 .

l;t → ;uF → d s;l} ;t klg g/fdf| ] Jojxf/ ulb{gF .

52 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff %

!= tnsf >l' t;dleGgfyL{ zAbsf] cy{ nv] L jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
ljgf, lj0ff, np] , np] m, zLt, l;t
@= tnsf zAbx¿af6 >l' t;dleGgfyL{ hf8] L zAb vfh] /] n]v M

k§L, ;fyL, kl§, km" n, efF8f, ;f7L, hftL, k'mn, ef8f, hflt,xf6, aL;, vt, ljif, v6, xft

l;h{gfTds ;Lk

!= cfÇgf] k9fOsf] af/d] f j0f{g ub}{ ufpdF f a:g] cfÇgf sg' } cfkmGtnfO{ lr7L nv] .
@= cfkm" la/fdL eO{ ljBfno cfpg g;s]sf] s/' f pNnv] ub}{ # lbgsf] labf ldnfOlbg

cg/' f]w ub{} ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofksnfO{ lgjb] g n]v .

s;n] s] kQf nufP < s;n] <
dfOsn km/f8]
s] < l/rf8{ hf]8g{ Uof6\lnª
8fOgfdf] jf6/ d]g
dl] ;g ug yf]d; cNaf Pl8;g
kmfpG6g] kg] Pn]ShG] 8/ uf| Åda]n
kmf]6f]uf| km af6\h/efg] Knf6]g
6]lnkmfg] 8pDn; Oª\lhlnaf6{
/]lk|mh/] 6] /
sDKo'6/sf] dfp;

;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff % 53

kf7 % lrQw/ x[bo

hLjgL

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ ;an} ] k9 M

g]kfndf w]/} efiffx¿ ;flxTosf/x¿n] ;flxTo
af]lnG5g\ . n]vs] f 5g\ .

pxfF g]kfn efiffsf] k:' tsfnodf k':ts
klqsf k9\gx' 'G5 . / klqsfx¿ 5g\ .

54 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff %

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eg M

d g]kfn efiff sg' efiffnfO{ elgG5, ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 <
d ltdLn] gk] fn efiffdf lstfax¿ n]Vg] dflg;nfO{ lrg]sf 5f} <
d ltdLn] lrQw/ xb[ osf] gfd ;g' s] f 5f} <
d xfdLn] /fd|f] sfd ug]{ dflg;nfO{ lsg ;lD¹g'k5{ <
d xfdLn] cfÇgf] efiff / ;+:s[ltnfO{ lsg arfpgk' 5{ <

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M

d cfxf ¤ lrQw/sf] hLjgL t slt /fd|f] k]/| 0ff lbg] vfnsf] /x]5 .
d xfdLn] klg cfÇgf] dfte[ fiffdf nV] gk9\g hfGgk' 5{ .
d lrQw/n] slt w]/} sfd u/]sf /x]5g\ .
d /fdf| ] sfd u/]kl5 slt w/] } k/' :sf/ kfObF f] /x]5 .
d c;n sfd ug{] dflg;nfO{ ;a}n] kl5;Dd ;lD¹G5g\ .
d dxfg\ dflg;n] cK7o\ f/f] cj:yfdf klg cfÇgf] sfd ug{ ;S5g\ .
d xfdLn] lrQw/af6 w/] } k/]| 0ff kfpg ;S5f}F .

;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 55

;Fus} f] t:jL/ ljdn efs} fhLsf] xf] . logL gk] fnL ;flxTodf w]/} ;ljm| o 5g\ .
kf7df lbOPsf] lrQw/ Xbosf] hLjgL logn] g} n]vs] f xg' \ . gk] fnL ;flxTodf
w]/} rlrt{ ef}sfhLn] gj] f/L ;flxTosf sljs]z/Lsf] hLjgL ;'Gb/ zn} Ldf nv] s] f
5g\ .

dft[efiff eg]sf] cfdfn] afN] g] efiff xf] . cfÇgf] hflt, ;+:s[lt If]q cflbsf cfwf/df efiff klg
km/s xG' 5 . ToxL efiffnfO{ dft[efiff elgG5 . cfÇgf] dfte[ fiff afN] g, nV] g tyf k9g\ hfGg'k5{ .
cfÇgf] dft[efiffnfO{ dfof ug{' ;as} f] stJ{ o xf] . kf7df lrQw/ Xbosf] hLjgL lbOPsf] 5 . pgL
g]kfn efiff jf gj] f/L efiffsf] ljsf;sf nflu w]/} sfd ug{] JolQm x'g\ . logn] g]jf/L efiffdf yk' |}
k:' tsx¿ n]vs] f 5g\ . lognfO{ gj] f/L efiffsf sljs]z/Lsf ¿kdf lrlgG5 .

ædft[efiffh:tf] cfgGbbfoL c¿ s'g} efiff xbF' }g . t;y{ cfÇgf]
efiffnfO{ g} ;jf{]kl/ 7fGgk' b5{ . xfd|f] cfÇg} efiffn] g} xfdLnfO{
cfÇgL cfdfsf] kh" f ug{ of]Uo agfp5F . s] cfÇgL ddtfdoL
dftfnfO{ la;/]{ s;n} ] ;'v kf| Kt ug{ ;Sb5 <Æ olt uxg cleJolQm
lbg] lrQw/ ‘Xbo’ gk] fn efiff ;flxTodf ‘sljs]z/L’ sf] pkflwn]
ljel" ift k|ltef x'g\ . lktf bJ| ow/ / dftf 1fgnIdL t'nfw/sf
;k' q' sf ¿kdf pgsf] hGd lj=;=+ !(^# h7] % ut] sf7df8f}sF f]
/QmsfnL 6fn] df ePsf] lyof] .

lrQw/ Xbo afNosfnbl] v g} nugzLn / ldlxg]tL lyP . ;fg}bl] v
k9fOn]vfOk|lt cToGt cle?lr /fVg] eP klg lrQw/n] tTsfnLg /f0ffzf;gsf jn] f k9\g]
jftfj/0f kfPgg\ . Toltv/] ;fdfGo gful/snfO{ 3/aflx/ kf7zfnfdf uP/ lzIff cfhg{
ug{] Joj:yf gePsf sf/0f pgn] 3/d} j0fd{ fnf l;s] . kfrF jifs{ } pd]/df pgn] sv/f
lrlg;s]sf lyP . Toltjn] f pgL ‘al' 4rfgs’ gfds k:' ts k9g\ ;Sg] eO;s]sf lyP . xg' ]

zAbf {y dfte[ fiff M cfdfn] afN] g] efiff cleJolQm M egfO
cfgGbbfoL M cfgGb lbg] ljel" ift M ;Ddflgt
;jfk]{ l/ M ;a}eGbf dflysf] nugzLn M ldlxgt] ;fy sfd ug]{
ddtfdoL M d/] f] eGg] efj ePsL ÷ dfof ug{] tTsfnLg M ToxL ;dosf]
uxg M ulx/f] j0fd{ fnf M sv/f k9fpg] k:' ts

56 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff %

la?jfsf] lrNnf] kft ege] F}m ;fgb} ]lv pgL k|ltefjfg\ lyP . cf7 jif{s} pd/] df pgL cd/sf]z
h:tf] uxg s[lt;dt] ;lhn} k9g\ ;Sy] . pgsf] kl| tefsf] sb/ ub}{ pgnfO{ t'nfw/ ;dfhn]
afNosfnd} ;Ddfg u/s] f] lyof] .

lj=;+=!(&^ df lrQw/n] 1fgk|ef gfd u/]sL s]6L;uF ljjfx u/] . lj=;+= !(&& df pgsf
lktf Jofkf/sf] l;nl;nfdf ltAat uP . tTsfnLg ;dodf 6]lnkmfg] , df]afOn cflbsf] ;'ljwf
gePsfn] pgL cfÇgf lktfnfO{ lr7L nV] g] uy]{ . o;}jm| ddf aflx/ vfddf cªu\ h]| Ldf gfd,7]ufgf
nV] gk' g{] ePsfn] pgn] ;fdfGo cªu\ |]hL cIf/ klg l;Sg] cj;/ kfP . 3/sf] lghL cWoogn]
pgLleq /xs] f] 1fgcfh{g ug{] ti[ 0ff dl] 6Pg . To;}n] 3/aflx/ uP/ klg pgn] w]/} ljBfcfhg{
ug{] sfl] ;; u/] . t/ To;af6 klg ;Gt'li6 kf| Kt gePsfn] cfk} rfl/s ¿kdf 3/d} Ps kl08t
/fvL lj=;+= !(*# b]lv cWoog ;?' u/] .

cWoogsf] jm| ddf s]xL ;dokl5 pgL la/fdL k/] . To;}n] pgsf] Tof] cWoog klg ck"/f]
/Åof] . To;}j]nf pgn] a4' wd;{ DaGwL ‘a4' f]kf;sof kfkb]zgf’ zLifs{ sf] sljtf
nv] ]sf lyP . snsQfaf6 ks| flzt x'g] u/s] f] ‘a'4wDd’{ klqsfdf of] sljtf 5flkof] . oxL
sljtf g} pgsf] klxnf] l;h{gf xf] .

dn" t M sljtf ljwfdf pgn] snd rnfPsf lyP . lj=;=+ !(*( df pgsf] ‘kB—lgs'~h’ gfds
sljtf;ªu\ |x ks| flzt eof] . o;} ;ªu\ |xcGtu{t ‘dfF’ sljtfdf ‘dftl[ jxLg afns’ zAb n]v]sf]
sf/0f bv] fO{ tTsfnLg /f0ff ;/sf/n] lj=;+=!((& df pgnfO{ sf/fjf;sf] ;hfo lbof] . lj=
;+= @))@ ;Dd pgn] ;hfo efU] gk' ¥of] . hn] leq klg pgL rk' nfu]/ a;]gg\ . pgn] ToxfF a4'
wd{;DaGwL uG| yx¿ cWoog u/] . oxL cWoogsf] kmn:j¿k pgn] ‘;'ut—;f/} e’ gfdsf] dxfsfJo
n]v] . ;flxlTos Ifq] df of] k':tsnfO{ Ps dxŒjk0" f{ pknlJwsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . pgsf xfn;Dd
g]kfn efiffdf k|sflzt sljtf;ª\ux| x¿df kB—lgs'~h, Xbo— s';'d uft} d a'4, Gx"u' :jf+,
cGtWj{lg nufotsf kb5{ g\ .

pgsf] snd sljtf ljwfdf dfq geO{ ;flxTosf ;ah} ;f] ljwfdf rns] f] kfOG5 . pgsf
cGo k|sflzt s[ltx¿df — je|'jfxg -v08sfJo_, Xbosyf, ofsMldof rf, vk' ' afv+rf,

zAbf {y cd/sf]z M cd/l;+x gfpsF f JolQmn] agfPsf] cfk} rfl/s M lgodcg';f/ ePsf]
;:+ s[tsf] kof{ojfrL zAbsfz] l;h{gf M /rgf
ljwf M Ifq]
ti[ 0ff M ltvf{ ÷ sg' } j:t' kfpg] OR5f
cfhg{ M sdfpg] sfd

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 57

8fo/L -syf;ªu\ |x_, a'4 jrgfd[t, gk] fn — ;:+ sl[ t -ka| Gw_, ld+ dg M kf} -n3' pkGof;_ cflb
bl] vG5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm pgn] ljleGg k':tsx¿sf] ;Dkfbg;dt] u/]sf 5g\ . Jofs/0fsf
k:' ts n]Vg'sf ;fy} pgn] ljleGg sl[ tx¿nfO{ cª\u|h] L efiffdf cg'jfb u/s] f 5g\ . pgsf]
rlrt{ dxfsfJo ‘;u' t;f}/e’ nfO{ gk] fnL / cª\u|h] L efiffdf cgj' fb ul/Psf] 5 . pgn] cfÇgf]
n]vgsf] k|/] s JolQmsf ¿kdf ofu] jL/ l;+xnfO{ dfgs] f 5g\ . ;fbf hLjg / pRr ljrf/nfO{
k|fyldstf lbg] lrQw/n] ;fwf/0f hLjgofkg u/] . pgsf] bfDkTo—hLjg Tolt ;v' do /xg] .
h;sf] ke| fj klg pgsf /rgfdf kfOG5 .

lrQw/ x[bosf] ;flxTo l;hg{ fdf pgsL alxgL df]tLnIdLn] klg ;3fPsL lyOg\ . lj=;=+ @))&
df g]kfn efiff / ;flxTo ;+jw{gsf nflu ‘gk] fn efiff kl/ifb\’ sf] u7g eof] . To; kl/ifbd\ f
;n+ Ug eP/ klg pgn] gk] fn efiffsf] ljsf;df dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbP . lj=;+= @)!# c;f/
!# ut] tTsfnLg /fhf dx]Gb|n] pgnfO{ /fHosf] tkma{ f6 sljs]z/L ljei" f0f k|bfg u/] . g]kfn
efiffdf clj:d/0fLo of]ubfg lbPafkt pgnfO{ ;flxTo lz/f]dl0fsf] pkflw;d]t lbOPsf] lyof] .

@)#* ;fnbl] v kIff3ft /f]un] kLl8t ags] f slj lrQw/sf] lj=;+= @)#( h]7 @^ ut] lgwg
eof] . pgn] efiff;flxTodf k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ ub}{ lrQw/ l;/kfM k'/:sf/ u7' Lsf]
:yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . pgsf] hGdhoGtLsf] cj;/ kf/]/ pQm k/' :sf/ g]kfn efiff ;flxTodf
ofu] bfg lbg] JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ lbObF } cfPsf] kfOG5 . o;}u/L pgsf] ;Ddfgdf lrQw/ xb[ o
/fli6«o k|ltef k'/:sf/sf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . sf7df8fF}df pgsf] kl| tdf;dt] lgdf{0f ul/Psf]
5 . pgsf] ;Ddfgdf xn' fs l6s6 klg ks| fzgdf cfPsf] 5 . cfh pgL o; ;;+ f/df 5g} g\ t/
klg ;flxlTos ofu] bfgsf sf/0f gk] fn efiff ;flxTodf pgL hLljt /lx/xg] 5g\ .

zAbf {y cltl/Qm M afxs] ;n+ Ug M ;xefuL
;Dkfbg M n]v/rgf sf6F 5fF6 u//] ldnfpg] ljei" f0f M uxgf
clj:d/0fLo M la;g{ g;lsg]
sfd kIff3ft M z/L/sf] sg' } cªu\ jf kfvf]
k/|] s M k|]/0ff jf xf};nf lbg] vfnsf]
;fbf M ;fdfGo lsl;dsf] grNg] /f]u
lgwg M dT[ o'

58 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff %

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M

dfte[ fiff, clj:d/0fLo, kIf3ft, cleJolQm, ti[ 0ff, ;+nUg, lje"if0f

@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M

dft[efiff, tTsfnLg, cd/sfz] , cfk} rfl/s, ;Dkfbg, clj:d/0fLo, kIff3ft

#= jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M

xg' ] la?jfsf] lrNnf] kft, cfgGbbfoL, ddtfdoL, cleJolQm, nugzLn, t[i0ff, ;fbf,

$= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z4' kf//] ;f/ M

pmgsf] snd sjLtf ljwfdf dfq geO{ ;flxTosf ;jh} ;f] ljbfdf rn]sf] kfOGr .

v_ tnsf dWo] z'4 zAbdf /h] f -µ_ nufpm M

!= c_ lje'lift cf_ lje"lift O_ lael" ift O_{ lje"l;t

@= c_ dfqLefiff cf_ dflqefiff O_ dfte[ fiff O{_ dfte[ f;f

#= c_ sljtf;ªu\ |x cf_ slatf;ª\ux| O_ sljtf;+u|x O{_ sjLtf;ªu\ |x

$= c_ kl/;b cf_ kl/ifb O_ k/Lifb O_{ kl/ifb\

%= tnsf ljk/LtfyL{ zAb;uF hf]8f ldnfpm M

;Ddfg d[To'

of]Uo c;fwf/0f

lrNnf] ckdfg

cf}krfl/s gLr

pRr cgfk} rfl/s

;fwf/0f cofU] o

hGd v;|f]

;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff % 59

^= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M

uxg ;xefuL

ljel" ift afxs]

;n+ Ug Ifq]

lgwg sdfO

ljwf ulx/f]

cltl/Qm ;Ddflgt

cfh{g d[To'

&= tn lbOPsf] kf7sf] cgR' 5]b k9 / lbOPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]v M

lrQw/ xb[ osf] ;flxTo l;hg{ fdf pgsL alxgL df]tLnIdLn] klg ;3fPsL lyOg\ . lj=;+=
@))& df g]kfn efiff / ;flxTo ;+jwg{ sf nflu ‘gk] fn efiff kl/ifb’\ sf] u7g eof] . To;
kl/ifb\df ;+nUg eP/ klg pgn] g]kfn efiffsf] ljsf;df dxŒjk0" f{ of]ubfg lbP . lj=;+=
@)!# c;f/ !# ut] tTsfnLg /fhf dxG] b|n] pgnfO{ /fHosf] tkma{ f6 sljs]z/L ljei" f0f
kb| fg u/] . gk] fn efiffdf clj:d/0fLo ofu] bfg lbPafkt pgnfO{ ;flxTo lz/f]dl0fsf]
pkflw;d]t lbOPsf] lyof] .

s= dflysf] cgR' 5b] af6 kfrF j6f gfd zAb l6k M
=========================, =========================, =========================,

=========================, =========================

v= dflysf] cg'R5]baf6 tLg j6f -if_ nfus] f zAb l6k M
=========================, =========================, =========================

u= lrQw/ XbonfO{ s'gsg' lje"if0f / pkflw lbOPsf] lyof] <
=========================, =========================



60 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff %

k9fO÷nv] fO ;Lk

!= tnsf jfSox¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M

s_ s'g s'/fn] xfdLnfO{ cfÇgL cfdfsf] kh" f ug{ of]Uo agfp5F <
===========================================================================================

v_ lrQw/ Xbon] lsg k9g\ ] jftfj/0f kfPgg\ <
===========================================================================================

u_ lrQw/n] cª\u]hL efiff lsg l;s]sf lyP <
===========================================================================================

3_ lrQw/nfO{ lsg sf/fjf;sf] ;hfo lbOPsf] lyof] <
===========================================================================================

ª_ lrQw/n] s:tf] hLjgnfO{ k|fyldstf lbGy] <
===========================================================================================

@= hf]8f ldnfpm M

a'l4rfgs sljtf;ª\u|x

a4' fk] f;sof kfkbz] gf pkGof;

kB lgs'~h kfFr jif{leqd} kl9;ss] f] lstfa

je'j| fxg dxfsfJo

;u' t;f/} e v08sfJo

ld+ dgM kf} a4' wd;{ DaGwL sljtf

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 61

#= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls jf a7] Ls s] xg' ,\ lrg]/ n]v M

s_ lrQw/n] ljBfno uPkl5 j0fd{ fnf l;s] .

v_ lrQw/n] Jofs/0fsf] lstfa klg n]v] .

u_ /fhf dx]Gb|n] lrQw/nfO{ sljs]z/L ljei" f0f k|bfg u/] .

3_ lrQw/ g]kfndf /fhgLlt uy{] .

ª_ xn' fs l6s6df lrQw/sf] kmf6] f] 5flkPsf] lyof] .
$= ldNg] zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fpF e/ M

;flxTo lz/fd] l0f, ;Dkfbg, cd/sf]z, sljs]z/L, of]ujL/ l;+x
s_ lrQw/ ======================= pkflwn] ljel" ift k|ltef xg' \ .
v_ cf7 jifs{ f] pd/] df pgL ======================= k9\g ;Sy] .
u_ lrQw/n] ljleGg k:' tsx¿sf] ======================= u/s] f lyP .
3_ ======================= lrQw/nfO{ k|]/0ff lbg] JolQm x'g\ .
ª_ lrQw/nfO{ ======================= pkflw lbOPsf] 5 .
%= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] Ps zAbdf pQ/ bp] m M

s_ lrQw/n] sf];uF ljjfx u/s] f lyP <

v_ lrQw/n] d'Vo s'g ljwfdf snd rnfPsf lyP <

u_ ‘;'ut;f}/e’ sg' efiffdf cg'jfb ul/Psf] 5 <

3_ lrQw/n] w/] } s'g wd{sf k:' tsx¿ k9]sf lyP <

ª_ lrQw/sf] kl| tdf sxfF agfOPsf] 5 <
^= tnsf] cgR' 5b] k9/] ;f]lwPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ nv] M
ædfte[ fiff h:tf] cfgGbbfoL c¿ s'g} efiff x'Fb}g . t;y{ cfÇgf] efiffnfO{ g} ;jfk{] l/

7fGg'kb{5 . xfd|f] cfÇg} efiffn] g} xfdLnfO{ cfÇgL cfdfsf] kh" f ug{ ofU] o agfp5F . s]
cfÇgL ddtfdoL dftfnfO{ la;{/] s;n} ] ;'v k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5 <Æ olt uxg cleJolQm lbg]
lrQw/ ‘Xbo’ gk] fnefiff ;flxTodf ‘sljs]z/L’ sf] pkflwn] ljel" ift kl| tef xg' \ . lktf

62 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff %

bJ| ow/ / dftf 1fgnIdL tn' fw/sf ;'kq' sf ¿kdf pgsf] hGd lj=;+= !(^# h7] % ut]
sf7df8f}sF f] /QmsfnL 6fn] df ePsf] lyof] .

s= lrQw/n] s:tf] cleJolQm lbPsf lyP <

v= dflysf] cgR' 5b] sf] cfwf/df lrQw/sf] kl/ro b]pm .

&= efj lj:tf/ u/ M

cfh pgL o; ;+;f/df 5g} g\ t/ klg ;flxlTos of]ubfgsf sf/0f g]kfn efiff ;flxTodf
pgL hLljt /lx/xg] 5g\ .

*= tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ b]pm M <

s_ lrQw/ Xbon] s;/L lzIff k|fKt u/] <

v_ lrQw/n] u/s] f d'Vo sfdx¿ ss] ] xg' \ <

u_ lrQw/sf /rgfdf dV' o sg' s'/fsf] k|efj k/s] f] kfOG5 <

(= ‘lrQw/ Xbo’ gfds hLjgL k9]kl5 ltdLn] s] k|/] 0ff kfof} < nv] .

tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M

/fi6«slj dfwj l3ld/s] f] hGd lj=;+= !(&^ c;fh] & ut] ndh'ª
lhNnfsf] k:' t'g eGg] 7fpFdf ePsf] lyof] . logsf lktfsf] gfd
uf/} Lzªs\ / l3ld/] / dftfsf] gfd bf| k} bLbj] L l3ld/] xf] . 8]9 jif{s}
pd]/df dft:[ gx] af6 jl~rt x'g ku' s] f l3ld/]sf] nfngkfng
xh/' cfdf / lktfaf6 eof] . rf/kfFr jifs{ } pd]/df ?bL| r08L
cWoog ug{ yfns] f l3ld/]sf] k|f/lDes lzIff ndh'ªs} :yfgLo
efiff kf7zfnfaf6 cf/De eof] . dfWolds lzIff cfh{gsf nflu lj=;+= !((# df sf7df8f}F
cfPsf l3ld/] /fgLkf]v/Ll:yt ;+:s[t kf7zfnfdf egf{ eP . tLgwf/f ;+:st[ 5fqfjf;df a;/]
ljBfno txsf] cWoog k/" f u/]sf l3ld/] pRr lzIffsf nflu agf/; ku' ] . agf/;sf] lSjG;
sn]haf6 ;j{bz{g ljifodf zf:qL pQL0f{ u/] . afNosfnb]lv g} nfs] uLt ;'Gg ?rfpg] l3ld/]
r'6s\ fsf] tfndf hfgL ghfgL gfRg] uy]{ . ;fg} pd/] df pgn] w/] } sljtf ;h[ gf u/] . tL
sljtfdWo] slt x/fP† slt rflxF lrQ ga'¹/] Roft]/ ÇofsF ] . lj=;+= !((@ df ‘1fgki' k’
zLif{ssf] sljtf uf/] vfkqdf k|sfzg u/]kl5 pgsf] ;fj{hlgs sljtfofqf kf| /De eof] .

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 63

s= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s nv] M

/fi6s« lj, uf}/Lzªs\ /, bf| k} bLb]jL, ?b|Lr08L, cWoog, ;:+ st[ , 1fgki' k, zf:qL, pQL0f{,
;fj{hlgs

v= hf]8f ldnfpm M

hGd uf}/Lzªs\ / l3ld/]

dftf lj=;=+ !((@

lktf lj=;+=!((#

sf7df8f}F cfudg lj=;+= !(&^

‘1fgki' k’ k|sfzg b|fk} bLb]jL l3ld/]
u= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M

!= /fi6s« lj dfwj l3ld/s] f] hGd sxfF ePsf] xf] <
== =========================================================================================

@= dfwj l3ld/n] fO{ s;n] nfngkfng u/]/ x'sfP{ sf lyP <
== =========================================================================================

#= l3ld/n] ] ljBfno txsf] cWoog sxfF a;/] u/]sf lyP <
== =========================================================================================

$= slj l3ld/]sf] afNosfnLg :jefj s:tf] lyof] <
== =========================================================================================

%= slj l3ld/]sf] ;fjh{ lgs sljtfofqf slxna] f6 s;/L ;'? eof] <
== =========================================================================================

64 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff %

;g' fO ;Lk

-ki[ 7 @!! df lbOPsf] cgR' 5b] _
lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;'g / tnsf sfo{x¿ u/ M

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M

s= gj] f/L efiffsf] csf{] gfd s] xf] <

v= gk] fn efiffdf ;flxTosf sg' sg' ljwfx¿ ks| flzt ePsf 5g\ <

u= ;~rf/sf s'gsg' Ifq] df gk] fn efiffsf] kxr'F ku' s] f] 5<

3= sg' } klg efiffsf] ljsf; ePgePsf] s;/L yfxf xG' 5 <

ª gk] fn efiffdf ss] ] /]s8{ ePsf 5g\ <

@= sf]i7saf6 vfnL 7fpFdf 7Ls pQ/ e/ M

;flxTo lz/fd] l0f, ;Dkfbg, cd/sfz] , sljsz] /L, of]ujL/ l;x+
s_ gk] fndf af]lng] efiffdWo] g]kfn efiff ============================== xf] .
v_ g]kfn efiffsf y'k|} uLt tyf ehgx¿ ============================== ePsf 5g\ .
u_ o; efiffdf rnlrqx¿ klg ==============================ePsf 5g\ .
3_ g]kfn efiff ============================== efiffdf kb{5 .
ª_ g]kfn efiffdf ;flxTosf w/] } ============================== ljsl;t 5g\ .

Jofs/0f ;Lk

sg' } JolQm, j:t' jf hLjhGt'sf] w/] } jf yf]/} eGg] dfqf a¹' fpg cfpg] zAbnfO{ dfqfaf]ws zAb
elgG5 . dfqfaf]ws zAb bO' { k|sf/sf 5g\ M != ;dx" jfrL @= n3'tfjfrL

;dx" jfrL M s'g} j:ts' f] w]/} dfqf jf ;dx" a'¹fpg cfpg] zAbnfO{ ;dx" jfrL zAb elgG5 .
h:t} M

gf6] – la6f] cfuf] – /fFsf]

;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff % 65

s]/f – 3/L lgufnf] – ¹fª

sldnf – tftF L ufOj{ :t' – ayfg

pGo'F – 3f/L km" n – uR' 5f

e]8f – aufn bfp/f – vlnof]

df}/L – uf]nf] ¿v – nx/

n3'tfjfrL M s'g} j:t'sf] yf/] } jf sd dfqf a¹' fpg cfpg] zAbnfO{ n3t' fjfrL zAb elgG5 .
h:t} M

;'Gtnf – s;] f| ] skfn – /f}F

lrof – ;'sf]{ lk8F fn' – ;]nf]

3f;F – TofGbf| ] Njfª – km" n

df;' – rfS] 6f ] sfuh – kfgf]

eft – l;tf] cf;F ' – yfk] f]

s]/f – sf];f ] P]F;n] ' – 6fk] |f]

r/' f]6 – lvNnL vs' '/L – sb{

!= sfi] 7saf6 ldNg] zAb 5fg/] tnsf vfnL 7fpF e/ M -s;] |f], lkTsf]_
s= ‘;'Gtnf’sf] n3'tfjfrL zAb ============================== xf] . -Sof6F , la6f_]
v= ‘gf6] ’sf] ;d"xjfrL zAb ============================== xf] . -d7' f], TofGbf| _]
u= ‘3fF;’sf] n3'tfjfrL zAb ============================== xf] .
3= ‘sldnf’sf] ;dx" jfrL zAb ============================== xf] . -tfFtL, xn' _
ª= ‘eft’sf] n3t' fjfrL zAb ============================== xf] . -rf]Onf], l;tf]_
r= ‘df}/L’sf] ;dx" jfrL zAb ============================== xf] .
5= ‘r'/f]6’sf] n3'tfjfrL zAb ============================== xf] . -ufn] f], xn' _
h= ‘e]8f’sf] ;dx" jfrL zAb ============================== xf] . -wj' f,F lvNnL_
¹= ‘lkF8fn'’sf] n3t' fjfrL zAb ============================== xf] .
-dn" , xn' _
-;n] f,] 8Nnf]_

66 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff %

`= ‘bfp/f’sf] ;d"xjfrL zAb ============================== xf] . -vlnof,] rfª_

6= ‘cfF;’' sf] n3t' fjfrL zAb ============================== xf] . -wf/f, yfk] f_]

7= ‘km" n’sf] ;d"xjfrL zAb ============================== xf] . -ki' k, uR' 5f_

8= ‘v's'/L’sf] n3'tfjfrL zAb ============================== xf] . -wf/, sb{_

9= ‘¿v’sf] ;d"xjfrL zAb ============================== xf] . -hª\un, nx/_

l;h{gfTds ;Lk

!= lbOPsf a'bF fx¿sf] cfwf/df ‘afns[i0f ;d’ zLif{sdf Pp6f hLjgL n]v M

gfd M afns[i0f ;d

hGd M lj=;=+ !(%( df3 @$, sf7df8f,F} 1fgZ] j/

lktf M ;d/ ;dz/]

afh] M 8Dd/ ;dz/]

kd| 'v gf6o\ sl[ t M d6' 'sf] Joyf, wj|' , d's'Gb OlGb/f, kÅ| nfb, cGwju] , eQm
efge' Qm, tfg;]gsf] ¹/L, eLd;g] sf] cGTo, :jf:gLdfG5] cflb

dT[ o ' M lj=;+= @)#*

@= ltdLnfO{ dg k/s] f] sg' } dflg;sf] af/]df aL; jfSo n]v .

ljleGg bz] sf ljzi] ftfx¿ M lgMzN' s 6]lnkmfg] ;j] f ePsf] bz] M sj' ]t
nfdv'§] gkfOg] b]z M k|mfG; sk8fdf cvaf/ 5flkg] bz] M :kg]
l;gd] f xn gePsf] bz] M ;fpbL c/a /fli6o« ufg gePsf] b]z M l:j6h\ /NofG8
lnlvt ;l+ jwfg gePsf] bz] M j]nfot dflg;eGbf a9L 3f8] f ePsf] b]z M dª\ufl] nof
dWo/ftdf ;o" { pbfpg] bz] M gj]{
;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 67

kf7 ^ cfdf

sljtf ;f]d lg/f}nf

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ ;an} ] k9 M

d cfdfsf] xft d cfdfnfO{ ;Ddfg u5'{ .
;dft]/ lx8F \5' .

cfdfn] ksfPsf] j4[ f>ddf a"9L
vfgf dL7f] xG' 5 . cfdf ?bF } l5g\ .

68 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff %

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eg M

d s] ltdLnfO{ cfdfsf] dlxdf jf dxŒj yfxf 5 <
d cfdfn] cfÇgf ;GtfgnfO{ s;/L x'sf{pg'xG' 5 <
d ltdL cfdfnfO{ s;/L ;Ddfg u5f{} <
d ltdLnfO{ s;n] ksfPsf] vfgf dL7f] nfU5 <
d la/fdL xF'bf ltdLnfO{ s;n] Vofn u5{ <

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] k9 M

d cfdfnfO{ xfdLn] dfg;Ddfg / cfb/ ug{'k5{ .
d cfdfn] xfdLnfO{ nfngkfng ub}{ x'sfp{ g'xG' 5 .
d cfdfsf] dxŒj w]/} 5 .
d cfdfn] xfdLnfO{ gf} dlxgf ued{ f /fv]/ hGd lbgx' G' 5 .
d xfdL cfk"mnfO{ ;d:of kbf{ cfdfnfO{ ;D¹G5fF} .
d cfdfljgfsf] hLjg g/dfOnf] xG' 5 .
d xfdLn] cfdfnfO{ slxNo} x]nf ugx'{ 'Fbg} .

;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 69

;Fu}sf] t:jL/ ;f]d lg/fn} fsf] xf] . logL g]kfnL 5Gb sljtfdf w/] } nfs] lk|o
5g\ . 5Gbdf ;G' b/ sljtf n]Vg] lg/fn} f kj" L{ gk] fnsf] Onfddf a;]/ gk] fnL
;flxTosf] ;]jf ul//xs] f 5g\ . kf7df /flvPsf] cfdf zLifs{ sf] sljtfdf
logn] cfdfsf] dlxdfufg u/]sf 5g\ . dflg;sf] hLjgdf cfdfsf] 7n" f]
e"ldsf x'G5 . cfdfn] xfdLnfO{ hGd lblG5g\ . cgs] b'Mv vk/] :ofxf/
ul5{g\ . ;Gtfgsf] ;'vsf nflu w/] } b'Mv vlK5g\ . ;Gtfg la/fdL x'Fbf cfdf /f]ufpFl5g\ .
;GtfgnfO{ ;'tfpg nf]/L ;g' fpFl5g\ t slxn] pgLx¿sf] ;fyL alG5g\ . cfdfsf] o:t} dlxdfufg
ul/Psf] tnsf] sljtf no xfn]/ jfrg u/ . ga¹' ]sf s'/f lzIfsn] l;sfpgx' 'g] 5 .

kH" o bj] L dd' f Kof/sL dlGb/
tf8] b\ l5g\ b'Mvsf af]l¹nf hlGh/ .
sfv] df ef/ afs] ]/ xfFl:5g\ pgL
dfq ;Gtfgsf lglDt aflF R5g\ pgL .

1fgsL Hofl] t xg' \ rlDsnL tfl/sf
zAbdf :jfb 3fN] g] pgL ;fl/sf .
;Eotf k|]d ;:+ sf/sL d"n xg' \
zflGt ;f}xfb{ ;b\efjsL km"n xg' \ .

zAbf {y k"Ho M k"hf ug{ ofU] o ;fl/sf M d}gf r/L
afl] ¹nf M uxf| F,} cK7\of/f 3f]Ng] M ldnfpg]
hlGh/ M ;fª\nf], aGwg ;+:sf/ M rfnrng /Lltl/jfh
ef/ M af¹] ;fx} fb{ M cfTdLo efj ePsf]
tfl/sf M tf/f ;b\efj M /fd|f] efjgf

70 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff %

Kof/ uª\uf 5rlNsG5 tL aftdf
aU5 nf/] L dL7f] ;f¹F df /ftdf .
ef]hg} :jflbnf] xG' 5 tL xftdf
x'G5 ofqf dhf x'g\ d'df ;fydf .

xft uf]8f ung" \ kd]| uNbg} Tof]
clUgsf /fkn] kd|] hNb}g Tof] .
cfi} fwL aG5 Tof] :kz{ dfq} klg
sNkgf xG' g cfdfljgf hLjgL .

kms{ ;D¹L dd' f b"/ hfgx] ¿
zlQm ;fdYos{ f /lZd nfg]x¿ .
e"n ;;+ f/ cfdf geN' g" ltdL
cGoyf b"wsf] ef/n] kfN] 5 lg ¤

zAbf {y 5rlNsg' M xlNng' jf ldNg' :kz{ M 5'g] sfd
aft M s'/fsfgL b/" M 6f9f
nf]/L M afnaflnsfnfO{ ;'tfpg] j]nfdf ;fdYo{ M zlQm
/lZd M ls/0f, ks| fz
ufOg] uLt ef/ M af]¹
/fk M tftfk] g

;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff % 71

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M

b]jL, ;:+ sf/, ;b\efj, ;f}xfb,{ 5rlNsG5, zlQm, ;fdYo{

@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M

kH" o, ;fl/sf, ;be\ fj, :kz{, ef/, b/"

#= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M

afl] ¹nf, 3f]Ng], ;+:sf/, nf/] L, 5rlNsg',/fk

$= tnsf dWo] z'4 zAbdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M

!= c_ af]l¹nf cf_ jf]l¹nf O_ af¹] Lnf O{_ afl] hnf
O_{ ;fGtL
@= c_ ;flGt cf_ zfGtL O_ zflGt O{_ cf}ifbL
O{_ /lZd
#= c_ cf;} wL cf_ cf}zlw O_ cf}ifwL

$= c_ /:dL cf_ /idL O_ /lid

%= tnsf ljk/LtfyL{ zAbl;t hf8] f ldnfpm M

pHofnf] lr;f]kg

;Eo kfgL

:jfb laxfg

cfuf] kftfn

;f¹F c;Eo

cfsfz a]:jfb

tftf]kg cFWof/f]

72 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff %

^= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M

hlGh/ 6f9f

;f}xfb{ tf/f

aft zlQm

;fdYo{ s/' fsfgL

b"/ ;fª\nf]

tfl/sf cfTdLo efj ePsf]

&= dlGb/ – hlGh/, tfl/sf – ;fl/sf, aftdf – /ftdf h:t} no ldn]sf zAbx¿ vf]h/] nv] M
=====================– =====================, =====================– =====================,
=====================– =====================, =====================– =====================,

*= dflysf] sljtfaf6 cfwf cIf/sf] ko| f]u ul/Psf sg' } bz j6f zAb l6k .

k9fO÷nv] fO ;Lk

!= dflysf] sljtf no xfn]/ k9 .
@= tnsf jfSox¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M
s_ Kof/sL dlGb/ sf] xg' \ <
===========================================================================================

v_ cfdfn] sfv] df ef/ af]s]/ klg s] ul5{g\ <
===========================================================================================

u_ cfdfsf] zAbdf s] 3fl] nPsf] x'G5 <
===========================================================================================

;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff % 73

3_ cfdfsf] d'vaf6 nf]/L sltv]/ ;'Gg kfOG5 <
===========================================================================================

ª_ cfdfnfO{ lsg eN' gx' G' g <
===========================================================================================

#= sljtfsf] kªl\ Qm k"/f u/ M
Kof/ uª\uf ========================= tL aftdf
aU5 nf]/L dL7f] ========================= /ftdf .
========================= :jflbnf] x'G5 tL xftdf
xG' 5 ofqf dhf x'g\ d'df =========================.
$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] Ps zAbdf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ cfdf s;sf lglDt afFlR5g\ <
v_ cfdfn] nf/] L sltv/] ;g' fpFl5g\ <
u_ sf] ;fydf x'Fbf ofqf dhfsf] x'G5 <
3_ ss] f /fkn] klg cfdfsf] k]|d hNb}g <
ª_ xfdLnfO{ ss] f] ef/n] kf]N5 <
%= tnsf] sljtf+zsf] cy{ nv] M
e"n ;+;f/ cfdf ge'Ng" ltdL
cGoyf b"wsf] ef/n] kfN] 5 lg ¤
^= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M
s_ cfdf lsg ;be\ fjsL k"mn xg' \ <
v_ cfdf ;fydf xFb' f s'gsg' s'/fsf] ;'ljwf x'G5 <
u_ cfdfljgfsf] hLjg s:tf] x'G5 <
&= cfdf sljtfdf sljn] cfdfsf] dlxdfnfO{ s;/L j0fg{ u/s] f 5g\ <

74 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff %

tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M

xfdLnfO{ hGdfpg], x'sf{pg,] a9fpg] / k9fpg]
sfddf cfdfsf] dfq} xf]Og afafsf] klg plQs}
e"ldsf x'G5 . afafn] xfdLnfO{ cIf/ lrGg / cIf/
nV] g l;sfpgx' G' 5 . afafn] xfdLnfO{ xft ;dft/]
ljBfno n}hfg'x'G5 . pxfnF ] xfdLnfO{ ;xL af6f]df
lxF8\g] k|/] 0ff lbg'x'G5 . xfdLn] ;fyLefO, Oi6ldq
/ ;dfh;uF s:tf] Jojxf/ ug]{ eg/] klg afafn]
l;sfpgx' G' 5 . s] ug{ x'G5 s] ug{ xb'F }g, s] u/]df
;kmntf kfOG5 eGg] s'/f afafn] xfdLnfO{ l;sfpFb} dfu{lgbz{] g ug{x' G' 5 . hLjgdf lxDdt /
;fx; u//] cufl8 a9g\ afafn] g} xf;} fpg'xG' 5 . xfdLnfO{ k9fP/ 7"nf] dfG5] agfpgsf nflu
s;/L vr{ h'6fpg] eg]/ afaf x/]s ;do ;ª\3if{ ugx{' 'G5 . o;/L xfd|f] hLjgdf afafsf] el" dsf
klg plQs} dxŒjk0" f{ /x]sf] 5 . To;sf/0f cfdfafafnfO{ OZ{ j/sf] ¿k dflgG5 . pxfFx¿nfO{
xfdLn] slxNo} ckdfg ug'{xG' g . pxfxF ¿n] eg]sf] dfGg'k5{ . sg' } klg sfd ubf{ cfdfafafnfO{
g;f]wL ugx{'[ bF' }g . cfdfafafsf] ckdfg ubf{ kfk nfU5 .

s= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s n]v M

Oi6ldq, dful{ gbz{] g, ;ª\3if{, OZ{ j/, kf7zfnf, dxŒjk"0f,{ ckdfg

v= 7Ls pQ/df /]hf -µ_ nufpm M

s= xfdLnfO{ cfdfn] dfq} dfof ugx{' G' 5 .

v= afafn] xfdLnfO{ n]Vg k9g\ l;sfpgx' 'G5 .

u= hg' af6fd] f lxF8] klg afafnfO{ dtna xF'b}g .

3= ;fxl;s sfd ug{ xfdLnfO{ afafn] xf;} fpg'x'G5 .

ª= cfdfafafnfO{ O{Zj/sf] ¿k dflgFb}g .

u= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M

!= sg' sg' s/' fdf afafcfdf b'js} f] el" dsf x'G5 <
===========================================================================================

;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff % 75

@= afafn] xfdLnfO{ s;/L ljBfno n}hfgx' 'G5 <
===========================================================================================
#= afafn] xfdLnfO{ sg' s'g s/' fdf dful{ gb]{zg ugx{' G' 5 <
===========================================================================================
$= afaf lsg ;ª\3if{ ug{'xG' 5 <
===========================================================================================
%= s] s/' f cfdfafafnfO{ g;fw] L ug'{x'Fbg} <
===========================================================================================

;'gfO ;Lk

-k[i7 @!@ df lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b_
lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;g' / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M
s= ufOn{ ] cfÇgf] afR5fnfO{ s;/L dfof u5{ <
v= s'gsg' hgfj/n] cfÇgf aRrfnfO{ b"w r';fp5F g\ <
u= s'v'/fn] cfÇgf rNnfsf] Vofn s;/L u5{ <
3= hgfj/x¿sf aRrfaRrLnfO{ s;n} ] rnfPdf pgLx¿n] s] u5g{ \ <
ª= dflg;sf] / hgfj/sf] aRrfaRrLkl| tsf] dfofdf s] km/s 5 <
@= sf]i7saf6 vfnL 7fpFdf 7Ls pQ/ e/ M
s_ dflg;n] h:t} ;a} ========================== n] cfcfÇgf ;GtfgnfO{ dfof u5{g\ .
-¿v, k|f0fL_
v_ afbF /n] cfÇgf] aRrfnfO{ ========================== af]s]/ lx8F 5\ . -kL7df, 5ftLdf_
u_ r/fr'?ª\uLx¿n] ========================== af6 rf/f] vf]h/] NofpF5g\ . -glhs},
6f9f_

76 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff %

3_ cfdfsf] dfof ;as} f nflu ========================== x'G5 . -d"NoxLg, cd"No_
ª_ cGo k|f0fLsf aRrfn] cfÇgL cfdfnfO{ ========================== dfof u5{g\ .

-plQs,} sx] L km/s_

Jofs/0f ;Lk

pvfg M nfdf] ;dob]lv ;dfhdf kr| lnt egfOnfO{ pvfg elgG5 . pvfgn] ;f¹] f] cy{
glbP/ 3d' fp/f] cy{ lbG5 . jfSoh:t} nfUg] t/ jfSo gags] f zAbx¿sf] ;dx" af6
pvfg aG5g\ .

tnsf pvfg, ltgsf] cy{ / jfSodf ko| f]unfO{ Wofg lbP/ k9

!= Ps xftn] tfnL aHb}g -;xof]u PstkmL{ eP/ x'bF }g_

pd]z ;w}F d;Fu dfq} ;xof]u rfxG5 t/ dnfO{ slxNo} ;xof]u ubg{} . p;nfO{ t Ps
xftn] tfnL aHb}g eGg] klg yfxf /xg] 5 Sof/] .

@= 9'ª\uf] vf]Hbf b]ptf ldNg' -;fdfGo s'/f vf]Hbf dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f km]nf kfg{'_

la/fdL k//] cfi} fwL k;ndf eP klg ;f]w/] cf}ifwL lng'k¥of] egL ;fR] b} lyPF 3/d} 8fS6/
;fa cfOlbbF f t 9'ª\uf vf]Hbf b]ptf ldnh] :t} eof] .

#= gkTofpg] vf]nfn] aufp5F -;fdfGo 7flgPsf] dfG5n] ] klg 7"nf] sfd ug{ ;S5_

gkTofpg] vfn] fn] aufp5F eg]¹F} k9g\ df vf;} rnfv gb]lvg] ;b' Lkn] k/LIffdf k|yd
:yfg xft kf/5] .

$= dv' df /fd/fd aunLdf 5'/f -aflx/ Pp6f leq cs}{ :jefj x'g'_

‘x]/ ;fyL, d]/f] cufl8 t ltdL /fd}| s/' f u5f{} t/ c¿;uF uP/ d]/f] af/d] f rflxg] grflxg]
s/' f u5f{} /] . dnfO{ o;/L dv' df /fd/fd aunLdf 5'/f ug{] dfG5] dg kb{}g x} .

tnsf pvfgnfO{ jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M @= gfRg ghfGg] cfuF g 69] f]
$= gkTofpg] vf]nfn] aufpF5
!= x'g] la?jfsf] lrNnf] kft
#= Ps xftn] tfnL aHbg}
%= dv' df /fd/fd aunLdf 5/' f

;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff % 77

l;hg{ fTds ;Lk

!= c¿ x/kmx¿ yk/] tnsf] sljtf k"/f u/ / zLif{s klg b]pm M
¹/gfsf] dn" af6 aU5 :jR5 kfgL
7n" f] dfG5] aGg'eGbf ag c;n 1fgL .
/fd|f] sfd ug{]x¿ ;S5g\ gfd /fVg
cfdfh:t} ;ª\3if{n] hfGg'k5{ afRF g .
=====================================================
=====================================================
=====================================================
=====================================================
@= ‘d/] L u'?cfdf’ zLifs{ df Pp6f sljtf nv] clg sIffdf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;'gfpm .

ljleGg bz] sf /fli6o« v]n M gk] fn M 8G8Llaof]
aª\unfb]z M sa88\ L hfkfg M h'8f]
ef/t M xsL Oª\UNofG8 M lj|ms6]
>Lnªs\ f M elnan hfkfg M h8' f] ÷ ;'df]
cd]l/sf M a;] an rLg M 6a] n 6]lg;
hdg{ L M km' 6an e6' fg M cfr{/L
:k]g M a'n kmfOl6ª Sofg8f M cfO; xsL
OG8f]gl] ;of M Aof8ldG6g :s6NofG8 M uNkm
sf]l/of M t]SjfG8f ]

78 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff %

kf7 & ef;' eL/sf] et"

syf dl0f nfx] gL

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ ;a}n] k9 M

k'ln;n] 7unfO{ ;dfTof] . wfdLn] 9o\ fª\uf| ] ahfof] .

xfdLn] uf8Lsf] 5tdf d dfdfdfOhn" fO{
a;]/ ofqf ug'{xF'bg} . e]6\g dfdf3/ uPF .

;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 79

tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ eg M

d s:tf dflg;nfO{ 7u elgG5, ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 <
d ltdLn] 7u dflg;nfO{ bv] ]sf 5f} <
d ltdLn] e"tsf] af/]df s'/f u/s] f] ;'g]sf 5f} <
d ¿l9jfbL ;:+ sf/n] s] xflg x'G5, ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 <

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] k9 M

d d a;df r9]/ dfdf3/ uPF .
d xfdLn] e"tk]t| df ljZjf; ug{x' 'bF }g .
d 7u dflg;af6 xfdL ;a} ;fjwfg xg' 'k5{ .
d k9]n]v]sf dflg;x¿n] ¿l9jfbL s/' fsf] lj/fw] ug'{k5{ .
d uf8Lsf] 5tdf r9]/ ofqf ubf{ b'36{ gf xg' ;S5 .
d ;dfhdf r]tgfsf] nx/ kmn} fpg xfdL ;a} afnaflnsf nfUg'k5{ .

80 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff %

;uF s} f] t:jL/ dl0f nf]xgLsf] xf] . logL jtd{ fg k:' tfsf ;ljm| o ;|i6f xg' \ . k];fn]
kqsf/ nf]xgL sljtf, syf tyf lgaGw n]V5g\ . logsf k/f:t k|]d, c;xdltsf
kfOnfx¿, dnfdL ;fF¹ / lgj:{ q dg ks| flzt s[ltx¿ x'g\ . ks| [lt, ;dfh,
kd]| h:tf s'/fnfO{ cfÇgf] n]vgsf] ljifo agfpg] nfx] gL cfkm" afrF ]sf] ;donfO{
cfÇgf /rgfx¿df ;hLj ¿kdf k:| tt' ub{5g\ . kf7df /flvPsf] ‘ef;' eL/sf]
e"t’ zLif{ssf] syfdf ;dfhdf /fdf| dflg;x¿ dfq 5g} g,\ v/fa dflg;x¿ klg 5g\ eGg] s/' f
:ki6 kfl/Psf] 5 . ;f]¹f dflg;x¿nfO{ e"tsf] 8/ b]vfP/ 7Ug kNss] f dflg;x¿ ;dfhdf w]/}
xG' 5g\ . To:tf dflg;x¿af6 hf]lugk' 5{ . al' 4 nufP/ sfd ug'{k5{ . To;f] eof] eg] 7ux¿af6
hfl] ug ;lsG5 . vf;df ef;' eL/sf] et" s] /x]5 < To;n] s;/L dflg;x¿nfO{ b'Mv lbPsf] /x5]
a'ˆg kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M

b]ptLahf/eGbf k/ Pp6f 5fk|fh] :tf]
lrofk;ndf ku' ]/ uf8L /fl] sof] .

ev/{ } b]ptLahf/df lrof / vfhfsf
nflu /f]s]sf] uf8L kml] / oxfF lsg /fs] ]sf]
xf]nf eg]/ ;f]Rb} lYfPF . dflg;x¿ ;a}
x?' ?? cf]lnP{ . kml] / nuQ} 5tdf plSnP .
d/] f cfdfafaf klg cf]lng{ 'eof] / 5tdf
r9\ge' of] . cfl] n{g'cl3 pxfxF ¿n] dnfO{
klg 5tdf hfpFm eGge' PYof] . t/ d}n] dflggF . uf8Lleqsf vnf;Ln] dnfO{ ;fw] ,] ‘ltdLnfO{ rflxF
cfÇgf] Hofgsf] dfof nfUb}g <’

‘lsg <’

‘lsg 5tdf guPsf] t <’ pgn] kml] / ;f]w] . dnfO{ cfZro{ nfUof] . dn} ] s]xL a'l¹gF / 8«fOe/lt/
x/] ]F .

zAbf {y 5fkf| ] M v/, k/fn cflbn] 5fPsf] ¹k' 8L, vnf;L M uf8Lsf] ;xrfns
¹k' f| ]

;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 81

‘of] efO gofF /x5] . atfOb] ufk] fn, p;nfO{ ;a} s'/f .’ 8«fOe/n] eGof] .

uf]kfn gfd u/]sf] vnf;L d]/f] glhs} cfof] / eGof,] ‘efO, ef;' eL/df e"t cfp5F / uf8Lleq
a;]sf ;an} fO{ df5{ .’

‘clg tkfOx{+ ¿nfO{ rflx“ dfb}{g <’ d}n] ;fw] F] .

‘xfdLnfO{ klg df/] t uf8L s;n] rnfpg] lg <’ pm xf:F of] .

‘To;f] eP dnfO{ klg dfbg}{ ’, dn} ] egF] .

tLgrf/ hgf a"9fa"9L, bO' 6L dlxnf / d dfq} uf8Lleq lyof}F . ;a} ;lsg;sL uf8Lsf] 5tdf
plSnPsf lyP .

‘rf}sL of ;g] fsf] rs] kf]:6df k'uk] l5 uf8Lsf 5tdf a;s] fx¿ ;a} uf8Lleq r9]sf] bv] s] f]
lyPF . t/ leq a;]sf ;a} 5tdf r9s] f] klxnfk] N6 b]lvof] .’ d}n] ;Fu} a;]sf a9" ftkm{ xb] }{ egF] .

‘s] eGffF} gfgL, ef;' eL/df e"tn] uf8L kN6fO/xG5 . clg dfG5]x¿ cflQg' klg :jfefljs xf] .’

‘tkfO{+ rflxF lsg gcflQPsf] lg .’

‘pd]/n] g]6f] sfl6;Sof,] ca dg{nfO{ s] 8/fpg' < afRF gk} g{] sg' } afWotf g} 5}g . kml] / et" nfO{
klg x§fs§f hjfg g} dg k5{ ls Sof xf] < xfdLnfO{ t nfbF g} t .’

ef;' eL/ s6]kl5 eg] ;a} hgf tn cfl] nP{ .

‘nug] x} cfh et" n] .’ ;a} bª\u x'Fb} a;leq r9] . d]/f cfdfafaf klg d;Fu} l;6df cfP/
a:ge' of] .

:yfgLo a;kfs{df ku' /] a; /fl] sO;sk] l5 ;a} cfcfÇgf uGtJolt/ nfu] . d klg ¹fn] f
af]s/] cfdfafaf;Fu} cfl] nP{ F . t/ dnfO{ ef;' eL/sf] ¹Nsf] cfO/Åof] .

‘lsg o:tf] cGwljZjf; <’

‘of] cGwljZjf; xf]Og . ;To xf] . ef;' eL/ k'u]sf] jn] f d klg 5tdf g} r95\ ' .’ k|fylds
ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks /x]sf d/] f dfdfn] eGg'eof] .

zAbf {y rs] kf:] 6 M ;/' IffsdL{n] rs] hfFr ug]{ 7fpF uGtJo M kU' gk' g{] 7fpF
x§fs§f M alnof] cGwljZjf; M cfkm" n] gbv] ]sf] s/' fdf ljZjf; ug,{]
hjfg M oj' f
bªu\ M v';L, 5Ss, crDd ¿l9jfbL ;f]r
k|fylds M kf| /lDes txsf]

82 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff %

‘s:tf] ;To xf] of] < dnfO{ eGg;' \ g .’ dn} ] ;f]w]F .

‘ltdL aRrfnfO{ lsg rflxof] ef;' eL/sf] et" sf] s'/f <’ dfdfn] cfZro{ JoQm ug'{eof] .

‘aRrf eP klg hfGg kfpg' d]/f] clwsf/ xf] lg <’

‘of] s6] f] t 6f7f] kf] /x5] .’ eGb} dfdf xf:F g'eof] .

‘gxfF:g;' \ . aRrfx¿ :jefjn} ] lh1f;' x'G5g\ . To;df klg ca aRrfx¿nfO{ e"tsf] sxfgL
;g' fP/ t;fp{ g ;lsg] j]nf uof] . e"t;t' sx] L klg xF'bg} dnfO{ ;a} yfxf 5,’ dn} ] eg]F .

ef;' eL/ kf/ u/]/ cfOkU' gk' g{] o; :yfgdf d vf;df dfdf3/ cfPsf] x'F .

dfdf3/sf] xh/' aa' fnfO{ d}n] ef;' eL/sf] et" sf] k|;ª\u ;fw] F] . xh'/a'af / dfdfx¿ d'vfd'v
ug{ yfn] .

‘xh/' aa' f, s] ubf{] /x]5 et" n] <’

‘ef;' eL/df k'uk] l5 uf8Lsf] 5tdf a;] sx] L gx'g,] leq a;] 6fpsf] km6' \g], /ut afGtf ug]{ /
cfvF fdf s] s] k/]/ cfF;' cfpg] x'G5 .’ xh'/a'afn] eGge' of] .

d kfFr sIffsf] ljBfyL{ . :jefj}n] d lh1f;' 5' . dnfO{ d/] f cfdfafafn] x/s] k|Zgsf] ;xL
hfgsf/L lbg] ug'e{ Psf] 5 . ToxL eP/ klg d yk lh1f;' ag]sf] x'F .

ef]lnkN6 ef;' eL/;Dd dnfO{ hfg dg nfUof] .

b]ptL ahf/;Dd hfg] u/L d sf7df8f}F hfg] uf8Ldf r9]F . ef;' eL/df k'Ug] jn] f klxn]¹}F
clwsf+z ofq' 5tdf plSnP . d k5fl8 l:f6df s;}n] gbV] g] u/L n's/] a;F] . Ps hgf j[4 /
Ps hgf dlxnf klg leq} lyP . bO' { oj' fx¿ 8«fOe/;uF } lyP .

ha ;a} ofq' dfly 5tdf r9] . ta tL b'O{ s]6fx¿n] k5fl8af6 ¹S' ofP/ uf8Lleq /xs] f dlxnf
/ j[4sf] cfvF fdf s] xf] s'lGg blnlbP . pgLx¿ cfvF f ldRb} s/fpg yfn] . ‘nfg} ¤ ef;' eL/sf]
e"tn] d]/f] cfvF fdf s] blnlbof] <’

‘dn} ] t cl3 g} dfly hfg' egs] f] tkfO+{x¿nfO{ dfGg'ePg . ca b]ptLahf/ ku' /] cfFvf w'g'xfn] f,
g?g," ’ vnf;Ln] eGof] . d n'lsn'sL pgLx¿nfO{ x]l//x]5' / pgLx¿sf] s/' f klg ;l' g/xs] f] 5' .

zAbf {y cfZro{ M crDd lh1f;' M gofFgofF s/' fx¿ hfGg] rfxgf /fVg]
JoQm ug'{ M cfÇgf] s/' f eGg' :jefj ePsf]
k|;ªu\ M ;Gbe{

;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff % 83

tL bO' { oj' fn] xtf/xtf/ ;as} f] Aofu / ;6' s;] x¿ vf]Ng yfn] / /fd|f / dxuF f ;fdfgx¿
lgsfNb} Pp6f af/] fdf xfNg yfn] . ha a; bp] tLahf/ glhs kU' of] . tL bO' { oj' fn] clwsf+z
dxFuf ;fdfg rf]l/;s]sf lyP .

o:tf] kf] /x]5 et" sf] syf . rf]/x¿;Fu 8«fOe/ / vnf;L klg ldn]sf xbF' f/x]5g\ . lar/f ;f]¹f
ufpnF x] ¿nfO{ et" sf] sxfgL agfP/ pgLx¿n] jiffb}{+ ]lv n'l6/xs] f /x5] g\ .

bp] tLahf/df ku' /] uf8L km]l/ /f]lsof] / ;a} uf8Lleq l5/] . tL cfFvf ldRb} s/fO/xs] f dlxnf
/ j[4 vnf;Lsf] ;xf/fdf tn cfl] n{P / cfFvf w'g yfn] .

‘cf]xf] ¤ cfh e"t cfP5 . wGg dfly 5tdf plSnP5 .’ Ps ofq'n] eg] .

‘xf] xf] .’ eGb} ;an} ] xNnf ug{ yfn,]
‘s;f] et" n] xfdLnfO{ cfj|md0f
u/]g <’

pgLx¿ e"ts} rrf{df Jo:t
lyP . s;}n] klg cfcfÇgf] ;fdfg
x/fPsf] ;'OFsf;] Dd kfPgg\ . d
xtf/xtf/ s;}n] ofb gug{] u/L
uf8Laf6 cf]lnP{ F / dfdf3/ hfg
km]l/ cl3 cfPs} af6f] csf]{
uf8Ldf kmlsP{ F .

dfdf3/ k'u]kl5 d}n] dfdfx¿nfO{
ef;' eL/sf] e"tsf] /x:o atfPF .
pxfFx¿sf] ;xof]udf of] s/' f kx| /L;Dd k'Uof] / jiff{}b+ ]lv rf]/Ldf ;n+ Ug 8f« Oe/ vnf;L;lxt
tL rf/] x¿ klg ;dfltP .

zAbf {ydxFuf] M w/] } dN" o kg],{ d"Nojfg\ Jo:t M s'g} sfddf nflu/xs] f] cj:yf
clwsfz+ M w]/} dfqfdf, 7"nf] lx:;f ;O' Fsf] M yfxf, kQf,] hfgsf/L
wGg M ¹G8}n] /x:o M ufK] o s/' f, n'ss] f] j:t'
cfj|md0f ug '{ M xdnf ug,'{ cfOnfUg' ;n+ Ug M ;xefuL

84 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff %

!= tnsf zAbx¿ pRrf/0f u//] ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M

r]skf:] 6, x§fs§f, bªu\ , cGwljZjf;, lh1f;,' clwsfz+

@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M

5fk|f, hjfg, uGtJo, Jo:t, ;+nUg

#= jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M

kf| ylds, JoQm ug,{' d'vfd'v ug{,' cfj|md0f ug'{, ;'OsF f] kfpg', pd]/n] g6] f] sf6\g'

$= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z'4 kf/]/ ;f/ M

‘ltld aRrfnfO{ lsg rflxof] ef;'eL/sf] e'tsf] s/' f <’ dfdfn] cfZro{ JoQm
ug{e' of] .

v_ tnsf dWo] z'4 zAbdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M

!= c_ cGbljZjf; cf_ cGwljZjf; O_ cGwljZjfz O{_ cGwla:jf;

@= c_ kf| ylds cf_ kf| ydLs O_ kf| ylds\ O{_ kf| y{lds

#= c_ clwsfG; cf_ clwsfz+ O_ clwsfD; O_{ clwsfzF

$= c_ dxª\uf cf_ dxu+ f O_ dxGuf O_{ dxuF f

%= ljk/LtfyL{ zAb;Fu hf]8f ldnfpm M

k/ 3[0ff

r9g\ ' j/

dfof pQ/

kZ| g c;xofu]

k5fl8 cfn] g{ '

;xofu] cufl8

;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff % 85

^= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M

vnf;L crDd

cfZro { dN" ojfg\

k|;ªu\ ¹G8n} ]

dxuF f] ;xrfns

wGg ;Gbe{

&= tn lbOPsf] kf7sf] cg'R5]b k9 / lbOPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ nv] M

‘dn} ] t cl3 g} dfly hfg' eg]sf] tkfO+x{ ¿nfO,{ dfGg'ePg . ca b]ptLahf/ ku' /] cfvF f
wg' x' fn] f, g?g",’ vnf;Ln] eGof] . d n'lsn'sL pgLx¿nfO{ x]l//x]5' / pgLx¿sf] s/' f klg
;'lg/x]sf] 5' .

s= dflysf] cgR' 5b] af6 tLg j6f gfd zAb / tLg j6f ;j{gfd zAb l6k M
gfd M =========================, =========================, =========================
;jg{ fd M =========================, =========================, =========================

v= cg'R5]bsf] clGtd jfSo sg' sfnsf] xf] < klxrfg u/L n]v .
===========================================================================================

k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk

!= tnsf jfSox¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M

s_ b]ptLahf/df uf8L lsg /f]lsPsf] lyof] <
===========================================================================================

v_ w]/} dflg;x¿ 5tdf uO;sk] l5 uf8Lleq afFsL sf]sf] lyP <
===========================================================================================

u_ dfdf sg' ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks x'g'xbF' f] /x]5 <
===========================================================================================

86 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff %

3_ d kfq slt sIffsf] ljBfyL{ xf] <
===========================================================================================

ª_ oj' fx¿n] Aofuaf6 s] s/' f lgsfNg yfn] <
===========================================================================================

@= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls jf a7] Ls s] x'g,\ lrg/] n]v M

s_ ef;' eL/df /x]sf] et" nfO{ d kfqn] cfÇg} cfvF fn] bV] of] .

v_ xh'/aa' fn] e"tnfO{ Psk6s e6] g\ 'ePsf] lyof] .

u_ ;a} 5tdf r9]kl5 uf8Lleq Ps hgf dflg; klg xF'bg} Yof] .

3_ d kfq uf8Lsf] l;6d'lg n'ss] f] s'/f vnf;Ln] yfxf kfPg .

ª_ ;a} hgf ldn/] 7unfO{ s'6] .

#= ldNg] zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fpF e/ M

s_ aRrfx¿sf] :jefj ======================== xG' 5 . -kl/kSj, lh1f;'_

v_ dfG5x] ¿ cflTtg' ======================== xf] . -:jfefljs, c:jfefljs_

u_ afafn] dnfO{ ======================== hfgsf/L lbgx' G' Yof] . -;xL, unt_

3_ rf]/x¿n] ufpnF ]x¿nfO{ =================== n'l6/xs] f /x5] g\ . -kfx] f/] bl] v,jiff{b}F l] v_

ª_ ======================== rf]/nfO{ ;dft] . -l;kfxLn], kx| /Ln_]

$= s;n] egs] f] xf] < nv] .

s_ ‘ltdLnfO{ rflxF cfÇgf] Hofgsf] dfof nfUb}g <’

v_ ‘s] eGffF} gfgL, ef;' eL/df et" n] uf8L kN6fO/xG5 .

u_ ‘of] s]6f] t 6f7f] kf] /x5] .’

3_ ca bp] tLahf/ k'u/] cfFvf wg' 'xf]nf, g?g" .

ª_ ‘cfx] f], cfh e"t cfP5 .

;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff % 87

%= ef;' eL/sf] et" syf k9L 36gfsf] jm| d ldnfpm M
• :yfgLo a;kfsd{ f a; /f]lsg',
• b'O{ hgf o'jfn] k5fl8af6 dlxnf / j4[ sf] cfFvfdf sx] L blnlbg',
• d kfq k5fl8 l;6df s;n} ] gbV] g] u/L a:g',
• k|x/Ln] 8f« Oe/ / vnf;L;lxt rf]/x¿nfO{ ;dfTg,'
• vnf;Ln] d kfqnfO{ uf8Lleq et" cfpg] s'/f atfpg',
• xh'/af;Fu d kfqn] e"tsf] af/d] f ;f]Wg' .
^= tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f6] f] pQ/ b]pm M
s= dfdf3/ hfFbf d kfqn] uf8Ldf s] s'/f b]Vof] <
v= d kfq Tolt w]/} lh1f;' aGgs' f] sf/0f s] lyof] <
u= d kfqn] e"t kQf nufpg s] u¥of] <
3= k5fl8 l;6df n's]/ a;s] f] d kfqn] s:tf] 36gf b]Vof] <
&= dflg;x¿ s;/L 7luFbf /x]5g\ < ef;' eL/sf] e"t syfsf] cfwf/df cfÇgf] ljrf/ nv] .

tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M

dflg;x¿ et" k]t| , afS] ;L OToflbdf c¹} klg ljZjf; u5{g\ . jf:tjdf o:tf] sg' } klg rLh of]
;;+ f/df x'Fb}g . klxn]klxns] f clzlIft dflg;x¿n] o:tf s'/fdf ljZjf; uy]{ . pgLx¿ la/fdL
x'bF f klg 8fS6/nfO{ hrfpg guO{ e"tkt]| nfUof] ls eg]/ To;sf] vfh] Ltkm{ nfUy] . h;n] ubf{
w/] } dflg;x¿n] csfndf Hofg u'dfpg'kYof]{ . sltko dlxnfx¿sf] aflx/L ¿k g/fdf| ] b]v/]
pgLx¿nfO{ af]S;L eg]/ cf/f]k nufpg] klg ul/GYof] . pgLx¿nfO{ g/fd|f] / c;Eo Jojxf/
klg ul/GYof] . ljleGg /fu] nfu/] dflg;x¿ 56k6fpbF f klg p;nfO{ ;dod} cf]vtLd"nf] ug{s' f]
;§f b]jL nfu]sf] eGb} kz' aln lbg] k|rng clxn];Dd st}st} sfod /xg' b'MvnfUbf] s/' f
xf] . ;do;uF } dflg;x¿ lzlIft, rt] gzLn / hfu?s xF'b} uP . dflg;x¿n] ca s'/f a'ˆb}
uP . of] ;;+ f/df e"t, kt|] , afS] ;L h:tf s'/fx¿ sx] L klg xF'bg} g\ . dflg;n] dflg;nfO{ 7Ugsf
nflu klg o:tf ¿l9jfbL / cGwljZjf;sf s'/f u5{g\ . ufp7F fpdF f c¹} klg sltko dflg;x¿
wfdL¹fjF m| L ug{], ¹f/k'msdf ljZjf; nfUg] u/]sf] klg kfOG5 . sg' } dflg; la/fdL xFb' f tL

88 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff %

cGwljZjf;sf s'/fx¿kl§ gnfuL ;dodf g} c:ktfn lnP/ hfg'k5{ . geP la/fdLsf] csfndf
Hofg klg hfg ;S5 .
s= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s nv] M
clzlIft, lzlIft, r]tgzLn, ¹fFj|mL, ufpF7fpF
v= 7Ls pQ/df /]hf -µ_ nufpm M
s= dflg;n] et" k|t] df ljZjf; ug'{k5{ .
v= klxnk] lxns] f dflg;x¿ k9]n]vs] f lyPgg\ .
u= et" k|]tdf ljZjf; ubf{ dflg;n] csfndf Hofg ud' fpgk' Yof{] .
3= k'?ifx¿nfO{ afS] ;Lsf] cf/f]k nufpg] ul/GYof] .
ª= la/fdLnfO{ Psk6s wfdL¹fFj|mLnfO{ bv] fpgk' 5{ .
u= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
!= dflg;x¿ s] s/' fdf ljZjf; u5g{ \ <
===========================================================================================

@= klxnk] lxn]sf dflg;x¿ la/fdL xFb' f s] s'/fsf] vf]hLdf nfUy<]
===========================================================================================

#= dflg;x¿n] lsg csfndf Hofg u'dfpgk' Yof<{]
===========================================================================================

$= s'g s/' f b'MvnfUbf] s/' f xf] <
===========================================================================================

%= dflg;x¿n] ¿l9jfbL / cGwljZjf;sf s/' f ug{s' f] sf/0f s] xf] <
===========================================================================================

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff % 89

;g' fO ;Lk

-ki[ 7 @!@ df lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b_
lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;g' / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M

s= s:tf] cj:yfdf dfq dflg; cfÇgf] sfo{ /fd|/L ug{ ;S5 <

v= dflg;sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] wg s] xf] <

u= dflg; s;/L :j:y /xg ;S5 <

3= dflg;n] lsg ;kmf / :jR5 kfgL lkpg'k5{ <

ª= s] s'/f al' 4dfgL xf] <

@= sf]i7saf6 vfnL 7fpdF f 7Ls pQ/ e/ M

kfgLsf,] /f]u}, :jR5, dl:tis, :jf:Yosf]
s_ dflg;n] :j:y /xg ;b}j cfÇgf] ====================== Vofn ugk{' 5{ .
v_ :j:y z/L/df g} :j:y ====================== /xG5 .
u_ clwsf+z /f]ux¿ vfgf tyf ====================== sf/0f nfUg] u/]sf 5g\ .
3_ dflg;n] ;w}F ====================== kfgL lkpg'k5{ .
ª_ ====================== nfUg glbg' al' 4dfgL xf] .

Jofs/0f ;Lk

jtd{ fg sfn / To;sf kIfx¿

;fdfGo jtd{ fg M clxns] f] ;dodf sfd x'G5 eGg] a¹' fpg] lj|mofsf] cj:yf ;fdfGo jtd{ fg

sfn xf] . ;fdfGo jtd{ fg sfnsf ljm| ofsf] cGTodf 5', 5f,}“ 5;\, 5f,} gx' G' 5, 5, 5], l5g,\ 5g\

cflb hfl] 8G5g\ . h:t} M

afn] \ ± 5' ˜af]N5' afn] \ ± 5f“} ˜ afN] 5f }“ afn] \ ± 5;\ ˜ af]N5;\

afn] \ ± gx' 'G5 ˜ v]Ngx' 'G5 afn] \ ± 5f} ˜ afN] 5f} afn] \ ± 5 ˜ afN] 5

90 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff %

ck0" f{ jt{dfg M clxns] f] ;dodf sfd ;'? ePsf] t/ k/" f gePsf] a'¹fpg] lj|mofsf] cj:yfnfO{
ck"0f{ jtd{ fg elgG5 . ck0" f{ jtd{ fg sfnsf lj|mofdf t÷} b} hfl] 8P/ ;fdfGo jt{dfgdf cfPsf
5,' 5f,}“ 5;\ cflb cfp“5g\ . h:t} M

hf± b} 5' ˜ hfb“ } 5' hf ±b} 5f}“ ˜ hfb“ } 5f} “ hf ±b} 5;\ ˜ hfb“ } 5;\

hf ± b} 5];\ ˜ hfb“ } 5];\ hf ±b} 5f} ˜ hfb“ } 5f } hf ±g'xb'“ } 5 ˜ hfg'x'b“ } 5

hf ±b} 5 ˜ hf“b} 5 hf ±b} 5] ˜ hfb“ } 5]

k0" f{ jt{dfg M clxns] f] ;dodf sfd ;'? eP/ k/" f klg ePsf] a'¹fpg cfpg] ljm| ofsf] ¿k k0" f{
jt{dfg sfn xf] . k"0f{ jtd{ fg sfnsf lj|mofdf Psf÷Psf÷] PsL hfl] 8P/ To;sf] kl5 jtD{ ffg
sfn a'¹fpg] 5', 5f“,} 5;\ cflb cfp“5g\ . h:t} M

v]n\± Psf] 5' ˜ vn] s] f] 5' ;'gfp ± Psf 5f}“ ˜ ;'gfPsf 5f}“

x/] \ ± Psf] 5;\ ˜ x/] s] f] 5;\ ;g' \ ± Psf 5f} ˜ ;g' ]sf 5f}

k9\ ± g'ePsf] 5 ˜ k9g\ 'ePsf] 5 n]v\ ± Psf] 5 ˜ n]vs] f] 5

lb ± PsL 5] ˜ lbPsL 5] b]v\ ± Psf 5g\ ˜ b]v]sf 5g\

;ªs\ ]tsf] ;xfotfn] vfnL 7fpF e/ M

s= d sljtf ================================== . -n]v,\ ck"0f{ jt{dfg_

v= xfdLx¿n] lxdfn ================================== . -b]v\, k0" f{ jtd{ fg_

u= ltdLx¿ lxhf] otl} t/ ================================== . -cfp, ck0" f{ jtd{ fg_

3= ltdL ToxfF klg ================================== < -hf, k"0f{ jtd{ fg_

ª= d hf8f] labfdf dfdf3/df g} =============================== . -a;\, ;fdfGo jtd{ fg_

r= g]kfndf w]/} af6f3f6f ================================== . -ag,\ k"0f{ jtd{ fg_

5= xfdL gk] fnL Jofs/0f ================================== . -k9,\ ck"0f{ jt{dfg_

h= tF w/] } rsrs ================================== . -u/,\ ;fdfGo jt{dfg_

¹= tkfO{+ cfhef]ln s] ==================================< -u/\, ck0" f{ jt{dfg_

`= lxdfndf lxpF ================================== . -k/\, k"0f{ jt{dfg_

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff % 91

l;hg{ fTds ;Lk

!= tnsf abF' fx¿sf] cfwf/df syf n]v M
Ps dxfTdfsf] s6' L glhs} Pp6f d';f] a:g' ==================== d;' fn] cfk"mnfO{ la/fnf]

agfOlbg cg'/fw] ug'{ ==================== dxfTdfn] la/fnf] agfOlbg' ==================== km]l/
s's/' agfOlbg cg'/f]w ug{' ==================== dxfTdfn] :jLsf/ ug'{ ====================
sx] L ;dokl5 s's'/af6 lrt'jf agfOlbg cg'/f]w ug{' =================== dxfTdfn]
agfOlbg' ==================== kml] / l;x+ agfOlbg eg]kl5 dxfTdfn] l;x+ agfOlbg'
==================== l;+x ag]kl5 dxfTdfnfO{ g} cfjm| d0f ug{ vf]Hg' ====================
dxfTdf l/;fpg' ==================== kml] / d;' f] g} agfOlbg' d;' f] agfOlbPkl5 s'bb\ } b'nfl] eq
k:g' ==================== cfkm" nfO{ /fd|f] ug{n] fO{ cfkm" n] g/fdf| ] ug{ gx'g] ;Gb]z .
@= cfkm" nfO{ dg kg]{ s'g} syf nv] /] lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .

ljZjsf] ;ae} Gbf k'/fgf] k/' fgf] efiff M ;+:s[t
k'/fgf] wd{ M lxGb ' k/' fgf] vn] M kfn] f]
k/' fgf] cIf/ M -)_ z"Go k/' fgf] wft' M tfdf
k/' fgf] cGg M e6df;
k/' fgf] ;x/ M bdf:s; -l;l/of_

92 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff %

kf7 * afN] g] leQ3] 8L

gf6s si[ 0f zfx ofqL

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ ;a}n] k9 M

xfdf| ] leQfdf 7n" f] d ;dod} ux[ sfo{ u5'{ .
38L 5 .

alxgL / d ;Fu} xfdL gf6s xg] { uof}F .
a;/] k9\5f}F .
;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff % 93

tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ eg M

ltdLn] slxNo} gf6s x]/s] f 5f} <
s] ltdL cfÇgf] u[xsfo{ ;dod} u5f}{ <
;dodf sfd gubf{ s] xG' 5, ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 <
s] ltdL slxNo} cfdfafaf;uF l;g]df xg] { uPsf 5f} <
xfdLn] s;s;sf] k]|/0ff lng'k5{ <

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M

xfdL lbbLefO ldn/] u[xsfo{ u5fF{} .
38Laf6 xfdLn] ;dosf] dxŒjnfO{ a'ˆgk' 5{ .
cfÇgf] ux[ sfo{ ;dodf g} ;s]df cfkm}nF fO{ ;lhnf] x'G5 .
cN5L ug{] dflg;n] ;wF} b'Mv kfp5F .
xfdL cfdfafaf;uF l;gd] f xg] { uof}F .
xfjf, 38L, gbL cflbaf6 xfdLn] gyfsL sfd ug]{ afgL a;fNg'k5{ .

94 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff %

;uF }sf] t:jL/ s[i0f zfx ofqLsf] xf] . logL gk] fnL gf6s tyf afn;flxTodf
ljz]if ¿kn] ;lj|mo 5g\ . logL gf6s nV] 5g\ . gf6sdf clego tyf lgbz{] g
klg u5g{ \ . afn ;flxTodf logsf lxªdfªsf] rf“/} L, kmR' r] /fa] f6] , hnk/L h:tf
Psfªs\ L;ªu\ |x, ltvs] f] l;ª, dl;g] d;' f] / c¿ syfx¿, e"tsf] af“;'/L, ;x/df
8d?, u'G6] uF8} f h:tf syf;ª\u|xx¿ ks| fzg ePsf 5g\ . ;ªu\ Lt tyf gf6o\
k|1f k|lti7fgsf k|f1 ;b:o ofqLn] ;flxTodf lbPsf] ofu] bfgsf sf/0f ljleGg k/' :sf/x¿ k|fKt
u/s] f 5g\ . kf7df lbOPsf] ‘afN] g] leQ]38L’ zLifs{ sf] gf6sdf ;dosf] dxŒj a¹' fOPsf] 5 .
;dosf] ;xL kfngf ug{'k5{ . ;do v/] kmfNg'x'Gg . ;dosf] Vofn gug]{ dflg;n] w]/} bM' v kfpF5
eGg] s'/f kf7df 5 . yk s/' f kf7 k9]/ a'¹ M

;do M ;f¹F

:yfg M >o] fsf] 3/sf] a}7s
sf]7f

kfqx¿ M >]of, >Jo, cfdf, afaf
/ leQ]38L

-d~rsf] aQL

aN5 . sf7] fsf] bZ[ o

b]lvG5 . sf]7fdf

b/fh, 6l] nlehg / ;f]kmf ;hfP/ /flvPsf] xG' 5 . leQfdf 7n" f] leQ]38L b]lvG5 .

38Lsf] ;'O{ 3'ld/xs] f] x'G5 . >o] f ;f]kmfdf a;]/ xfd] js{ ul//xs] L x'lG5g\ . pgsf]

efO >Jo lel8of] u]d v]ln/x]sf] xG' 5 . leQ3] 8Ldf kfFr ahs] f] 306L aH5 ._

>o] f M >Jo ¤ lel8of] ud] vn] L dfq ga; . ca xfd] js{ u/ . /ft k/k] l5 ltdL l5§}

lgbfOxfN5f} . kml] / ef]ln xtf/df xfd] js{ ubf{ w/] } s/' f lauf5f{} .

zAbf {y leQ]38L M leQfdf ¹'G8o\ fOg] 38L d~r M gf6s jf gfrufgsf nflu
38Lsf] ;O' { M 38Lleq 3'Dg] ;'O/fx¿ agfOPsf] cUnf] 7fpF

;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff % 95

>Jo M Psl5g c¹} v]N5' lbbL ¤ cfdfafaf klg clkm;af6 cfOkU' g'ePsf] 5g} .

>o] f M -leQ]38L b]vfpbF _} pm leQ3] 8LnfO{ x]/ t . kfrF alh;Sof] . ltdLn] lel8of] ud]
vN] g yfns] f] klg Ps 306f eO;Sof] .

>Jo M lbbL ¤ Pp6f s'/f ;f]w"F <

>]of M s] s'/f >Jo < ;f]w g .

>Jo M of] leQ]38LnfO{ lsg cN5L gnfus] f]
xfn] f < ;w}F cfÇgf] ;O' { l6sl6s u/]/
3d' fO/xG5 .

306l} kR5] 306L klg ahfO/xG5 .

>]of M s:tf] s/' f u/s] f] ltdLn] < 38L cN5L
eof] eg] xfdL ;a}sf] ;do–tflnsf lalu|xfN5 lg . slt j]nf p7\g] < slt j]nf
:sn' hfg] < slt jn] f xfd] js{ ug]{ < clg slt jn] f ;'Tg] < oL ;a} sfd xfdLn]
oxL 38L x]//] ug'k{ 5{ .

>Jo M xg' t of] 38Lsf] sfd vf;} ufxf| ] klg 5g} . slt aHof] eg]/ ;r" gf lbg] dfq} t
xf] lg . xfdL ljBfyLx{ ¿n] t slt w/] } sfd ug{k' 5{ . xfO] g t lbbL < k9g\ :s'n
hfgk' 5{ . ;/ld;x¿n] lbg'ePsf] xfd] js{ ugk'{ 5{ . cfk"mnfO{ dg nfus] f] vn]
vN] gk} ¥of] . ;/;kmfOdf klg Wofg lbgk} ¥of] . of] 38LnfO{ t slt cfgGb ¤ ;do
atfpg] dfq sfd ugk{' g]{ . d klg 38L eOlbPsf] eP s:tf] /dfOnf] xG' Yof] .

-To;} j]nf leQ] 38L rndnfpF5 . leQ3] 8Lsf] xft / v'§f xG' 5 . leQ3] 8L 6's6' s' '
lx8F ]/ pgLx¿ eP 7fpFdf cfOk'U5 ._

leQ]38L M xfO{ >]of ¤ xn] f] >Jo ¤

>Jo M x]nf] let]38L ¤ xfdL ltd|} af/]df s'/f ul//x]sf lyofF} .

leQ]38L M -l6sl6s cfjfh lgsfNb_} d]/f] af/d] f s/' f u/s] f] ;g' /] } d leQfaf6 cf]ln{Psf] xF' .

>o] f M leQ3] 8L ¤ ltdL lgs} ldlxgt] L / nugzLn 5f} . cfÇgf] sfd /fdf| ;] Fu u5f{} . a?

>JonfO{ ;D¹fOb]pm g . pm slxNo} xf]djs{ /fdf| ];uF ub{}g .

zAbfy{ tflnsf M sfd ug{] ;dosf] ;r" L nugzLn M nuftf/ sfd ug,]{ Wofg lbP/
sfd ug]{

96 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff %

>Jo M leQ]38Lsf] sfd d]/f]eGbf ;lhnf] 5 lg t .
leQ3] 8L M >Jo ¤ To;f] eP Psl5g ltdL leQ]38L ag . clg d >Jo aG5' . ltdL d]/f] sfd

u/ . d ltd|f] sfd u5{' . x'G5 <
>Jo M cfxf ¤ ;fRF r} xf] . d tof/ 5' .
leQ]38L M leQ3] 8L agk] l5 xftn] 38Lsf] ;'O{ rnfO/xgk' 5{ .
>Jo M yfxf 5 . yfxf 5 . x/s] 306fdf 306L klg ahfO/xg'k5{ .
leQ3] 8L M c¿sf] s'/f ;'Gg kfOG5 . afN] g kfOFb}g lg . xG' 5 <
>Jo M x'G5 . x'G5 .
>]of M >Jo ¤ grflxFbf] s/' fdf lh2L gu/ t . ltdL leQ]38Lsf] sfd ug{ ;Sbg} f} .
>Jo M Tolt ;lhnf] sfd t h;n] klg ug{ ;S5 . d leQ3] 8L aG5' .
-d~rsf] aQL lgEb} aNg yfN5 . >Jon] leQ]38Lsf] nu' f nufp5F . leQ]38Ln] >Josf]

n'uf nufp5F . >Jo leQfdf uP/ pleG5 . p;sf] xftdf 38Lsf] nfdf] ;O' { x'G5 . pm
Tof] 3'dfpg yfN5 . leQ]38L xf]djs{ ug{ yfN5 . >]of eg] d';d' ;' ' xfFl;/xlG5g\ ._
leQ3] 8L M -xfd] js{ ub}_{ n >o] f lbbL ¤ dnfO{ klg xfd] js{ ug{ l;sfOlbg;' \ t .
>o] f M -xf:F b_} xG' 5, d]/f] leQ3] 8L efO ¤
leQ3] 8L M dnfO{ leQ]38L efO eGg kfOFbg} . clg of] /x:osf] s/' f s;n} fO{ klg eGg
kfOGg . a? dnfO{ >Jo eg/] af]nfpg';\ x} .
>]of M -xf:F b_} x'G5 d]/f] efO ¤ -lh:sfpbF }_ >Jo ¤
leQ]38L M wGojfb >o] f lbbL ¤
-;'O{ 3'dfO/xs] f] >Jo af]Ng vfH] 5 . p;sf] afn] L lg:sFbg} . leQ]38Ln] >]of;uF
/dfpbF } ux[ sfo{ l;ls/xs] f] x'G5 . To;}j]nf 9fs] fsf] 306L aH5 ._
>o] f M kv{ x} ¤ cfdfafaf cfpg'ePh:tf] 5 . d 9f]sf vfN] 5' .
->o] fn] 9f]sf vf]lN5g\ . >]ofsf] cfdf / afafsf] k|j]z x'G5 ._

zAbfy{ /x:o M leqL uf]Ko s'/f

;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff % 97

afaf M ->Jo ag]sf] leQ]38LnfO{ x]//] _ cf]xf] ¤ cfh >Jon] ;dodf g} xfd] js{ ug{
nfu]5f} ¤ of] w/] } /fd|f] s/' f xf] .

>o] f M xf] afaf ¤ cab]lv efOn] klg d;uF } xf]djs{ ug]{ /] ¤ x}g t efO <

leQ]38L M xf] lbbL ¤

cfdf M :ofaf; ¤ ltdLx¿nfO{ ef]s nfu]sf] xf]nf . cfh ltdLx¿nfO{ dg kg{] lkHhf
NofOlbPsf] 5' . klxnf af8F /] lkHhf vfpm . To;kl5 xf]djs{ u/] xG' 5 .

leQ]38L M xj;\ cfdf ¤

cfdf M e/] xfdL ;a} l;l6;G] 6/sf] xndf rnlrq xg] { hfg'k5{ . afafn] rf/ j6f l6s6
lsGg'ePsf] 5 . afnaflnsfx¿sf nflu pkofu] L x'g] rnlrq nfus] f] /x5] .

>o] f M cfxf ¤ x'/]{ ¤ rnlrq klg x]g{ hfg] ;a} hgf ¤

afaf M xf] 5f/] L ¤ klxnf xfd] js{ rflxF ;Sgk' 5{ lg .

>]of M xj;\ afaf ¤

leQ3] 8L M rnlrq xg] { kfOg] eOof] . cfxf ¤ s:tf] /dfOnf] xg' ] eof] .

-afafddL cfÇgf] sf]7fdf hfgx' 'G5 . >]of lkHhf lgsflN5g\ . >Jo ags] f]
leQ]38Ln] klg lkHhf vfg yfN5 . 38Lsf] ;O' { 3'dfO/x]sf] >Jo ;fR] g yfN5 ._

>Jo M -dgdg_} cfx] f] ¤ 38Lsf] ;'O{ 3'dfpFbf–3'dfpFbf d]/f] xft klg uln;Sof] . s:tf]
ufx|f] sfd /x5] . d yfls;s]F . ca t efs] klg nflu;Sof] . cfh lkHhf vfg
gkfOg] eof] . d/] f] lkHhf leQ]38Ln] vfOlbg] eof] . e/] rnlrq klg xg] { hfg]
/] ¤ d s] u/f}F < as] f/df leQ3] 8L aG5' eg/] km'tL{ nufPF . a? v?' v?' xf]djs{
u/s] f] eP x'g] lg . -lbSs dfGb}_ pÇm\ ¤ d]/f] s'/f ca s;n] ;'G5 < o;/L slt lbg
leQ]38L ag/] a:gk' g]{ xf] < d >Jo ag]kl5 ;dodf g} xfd] js{ u5'{ .

-leQ]38Ln] >Josf] dgsf] s'/f ;'lg/xs] f] xG' 5 . pm >Josf] glhs hfG5 . >Jo
;O' { 3'dfO/x]sf] xG' 5 ._

leQ3] 8L M ->Jo;uF _ ltdLn] /fdf| ] s/' f ;f]Rof} >Jo ¤ ;as} f] sfdsf] dxŒj a/fa/L xG' 5 .

zAbfy{ lkHhf M ljb]zL /f]6L km'tL{ nufpg' M sg' } s/' fsf] wfs nufpg'

98 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff %

;an} ] Wofg lbP/ cf–cfÇgf] sfd ug'{k5{ . ltdLn] cfÇgf] uNtL dx;'; u¥of} . d
ca ltdLnfO{ kml] / klxns] } >Jo agfOlbG5' . clg d kml] / leQ]38L aG5' .

>o] f M ;'Gof} >Jo ¤ leQ3] 8Lsf] s'/f < cfpm ¤ ca ldn]/ lkHhf vfcf}F . To;kl5 xf]djs{
klg ;sf}nF f . e/] cfdfafaf;uF rnlrq klg xg] { hfgk' 5{ .

->Jo cfkm" n] nufO/xs] f] n'uf km'sfN5 . leQ3] 8Ln] klg n'uf km'sfN5 . bj' }n]
cf–cfÇgf] klx/g nufp5F g\ . ca eg] >Jo afN] g ;S5 . _

>Jo M dnfO{ dfkm u/ leQ]38L ¤ ca d x/s] sfd ;dodf u5{' . xfd] js{ klg lbbL;Fu}
u5{' .

>]of M cfh eg] efOn] aNn s'/f a'¹5] .

>Jo M leQ3] 8L ¤ d ca ltdLn] egs] f] s/' f slxNo} la;G{ gF . ltdf| ] l6sl6s cfjfhn]
dnfO{ of] s/' f ;D¹fO/xg] 5 .

-efO ;l' wP| sfd] f >]of bª\u kl5{g\ . leQ]38L 6's'6's' lx8F b\ } leQfdf uO{ a:5 .
>Jo / >o] f ldn]/ vfgf vfg yfN5g\ ._

-kbf{ v:5 ._

zAbfy{ klx/g M sk8f, n'uf

;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff % 99

!= tnsf zAbx¿ pRrf/0f u/ / ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M

leQ3] 8L, >Jo, >o] f, lalu|xfN5, nugzLn, u[xsfo{, ;'lw|Psfd] f, cfcfÇgf]

@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ nv] M

d~r, ;O' {, nugzLn, lkHhf, klx/g, dxŒj

#= jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M

leQ]38L, ;do–tflnsf, km'tL{ nufpg', /x:o, d';d' ;' '

$= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z'4 kf/]/ ;f/ M

s:tf] s'/f u/s] f] ltldn] 38L clN5 eof] eg] xfdL ;a}sf] ;do–tflnsf lalu| xfn\5 lg .

v_ tnsf dWo] z4' zAbdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M

!= c_ nug;Ln cf_ nugzLn O_ nugl;n O{_ nuglzn

@= c_ ldldgt] L cf_ dLlxgt] L O_ dLxLg]tL O_{ ldlxg]tL

#= c_ leQ3] 8L cf_ eLTt]38L O_ eLQ]3l8 O{_ leQ3] l8

$= c_ rnlrt/\ cf_ rnrLq O_ rnlrq O{_ rlNrq

%= tnsf ljk/LtfyL{ zAb;uF hf8] f ldnfpm M

;lhnf] clxn]

kj| ]z ug'{ 6f9f

glhs cK7o\ f/f]

klxn ] lalu|g'

;'lwg| ' aflxl/g'

100 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff %