The words you are searching are inside this book. To get more targeted content, please make full-text search by clicking here.

ธัมมานุวัตต์และศาสนวิถี โดย สามเณรประมัย กาฬเนตร

Discover the best professional documents and content resources in AnyFlip Document Base.
Search
Published by ืทีมงานกรุธรรม, 2022-02-15 21:03:29

ธัมมานุวัตต์และศาสนวิถี โดย สามเณรประมัย กาฬเนตร

ธัมมานุวัตต์และศาสนวิถี โดย สามเณรประมัย กาฬเนตร

Keywords: ธัมมานุวัตต์และศาสนวิถี,สามเณรประมัย กาฬเนตร

ÛzËËÔr¤xz§§t }wÜ ÍÔÊrxӜ¶

›´¤¤µœ»ª´˜˜æ¿©³«µ­œª·™¸

LTC_5E=ERCDS $TN_;7E (LGW TBEV a7) =.

_G%CT7E2T;LT$G=ER+lTM;*S LOY xvw-xvs-uxv-pqt-u
@VC@ 'ES*h 9gW p : 7GZ T'C qttr +Tl ;I; r,ooo _GC
@CV @' ESh*9Wg q : :;S IT'C qtts +lT;I; u,too _GC
@ERCMTIZ4-V SD I-VE_C:W (I.I-VE_C:)W
9Wg=EX$KT

@ERCMTO_Z 9; O'\'_C:W

9@‰.O+S ,ET $GVg;LIZ EE5
>J.;@.C;R@G $GZ =ET5W7
O.E*Z :VIT %G<V _*V;

'Z56I*b+ CW$S*ITG

OO$`<<=$ 'Z5LS;7V 9DT;T;ZBS9E

+S6E[=`<<_;OhY b; 'Z5OEE8;7V V GTBT$E5

+S6E[=_G C 'Z5IZ4@V *K O-S /T$EG$S K5

'Z5_@DW E@E @EMCa-7V

@LV +[ ;O $S KE '5Z B:[ -S _+E‰V _-OYh

'5Z :;V6T 9DT;T;ZB9S E

'Z5O6Z C 9DT;T;BZ 9S E

@CV @9 gW _C6f 9ETD@E;Vh 7*Vh $E*Z _9@Q a9E oq-wwq-tsxq-r

Dhammaintrend รว่ มเผยแพรเ่ ป็ นธรรมทาน

%O CG[ 9T*<EE5T;Z$EC%O*MOLCZ6`M* -T7V
National Library of Thailand Cataloging in Publication Data

LTC_5E=ERCSD $TN_;7E (LWGTBVEa7).

:CS CT;IZ S77` GRJTL;IV8W.-- @CV @' ESh*9gW 2.-- $E*Z _9@Q : _Cf69ETD @Eh;V 7h*V , 2554.
256 M; T.
1. @Z9:JTL;T -- MIS % O:EEC. I. -gYO_EOgY *.

294.315
ISBN 978-974-697-125-6

ÛµµËÎxÔÅ

_ET9 T;9Sh*MGTD.gX*_= ;-TI@Z9: $fbM CW@Z9:OD[ b;b+ @Z9:R$f'YO>[ E [ 'YO
>, [ GT6 bMC 'W ITC,GT6b;7SI%O*7SI_O*`7 GR'; `7 GR@Z9: _ET9Z$';$fCW@Z9:
'YOCW9 T;> [E[ =ER+lT7SIOD [`G I $fMS6bM _%TCW'ITC,GT6b;7SI_O*< T* _@YgO_7EWDC
7SI_6V; _6V;9T*c=% T*M;T

$TEc=% T*M; T _ET+R7 O*c=`; ;O; +RODT$$f7TC cC ODT$$f7TC E [$f
7TC cC E [$f7TC `; ;O;b;$TEc= 8 TcC ODT$_6V;9T*c=% T*M; T $fbM 7S6_LWD
'YO_=6 %O*9'Wg ITlg ODb [ MM *TD _= 69gWCS;_=; MG*S 'T'GCZ OD$[ 'f OY $_V GL OO$c6 $cf C
7 O*c=`GRcC 7 O*CT `7 8 TDS*_= 6OO$cC c6 =1V_L:OD T*cE$f=1V_L:c=_8V6
`; ;O;b;$TEc=

:EECR9;Wg S$=ET-‰ a<ET5c6 _EWD<_EWD*CT-`Wh +*`L6*<O$b;7lTET 9T ;$f
cC c6 c=_OT+T$9gWcM;CT $f_OT+T$MSIb+%O*9 T;9hS*MGTDCT-Wh`+*`L6*<O$bM
9 T;9hS*MGTD bM 9 T;9hS*MGTD9ET<I TMSIb+%O*7SI_O*'YO:EECR :EECR'YOMSIb+
%O*7SI_O* _CYgOE[ I T:EECROD [b;7SI_O* `GRE[ I T7SI_O*_= ;$ O;%O*:EECR `GR_= ;
$ O;JWG $ O;:EEC`G I _ET$f_OT7SI%O*7SI_O*ES$KT$ O;JWG$ O;:EECbM _= ;
=ERaD-;$ S<7SI_O*

bM_ ET'V6@+V TE5T7TC@ER:EEC'Tl LO;%O*@ER@Z9:_+T +R+EV*MEOY cC+ EV*
_ET$f7O *96LO<6 ID7;_O* b;7lTET_ET_-OgY CS;g OD[ `GI `7 I Tb;7SI_O*9gW+R_$V6%hX;
+EV* _ET+R_-gYOMEYOcC _-YgO _ET+R_Mf;MEYOcC _Mf; _ET7 O*96LO<6 ID7;_O* bM EW<
=1V<S7V_LWD7hS*`7 _ETDS*CW_IGTOD[ b;%5R9Wg_ETDS*CWGCMTDb+_% TMTDb+OO$OD [
'IE9g+W R$ER9lT_= ;ODT *D*gV 8T MC6GCMTDb+`GI _ET+RcC CaW O$TL9Tl _GD.

MGI*=[< ‰Z _@*f $=\=a$
I6S = TI_V I$:EEC +.%O;`$ ;

qr L*V MT'C qtts

ÁˆÔ rÓ É Ë

$TE=1V<S7V:EEC7TC`;I@Z9:JTL;T;hS; 7 O*9lTc=7TCGlT6S<%Sh;
+T$* TDc=MTDT$ +T$MDT<c=MTGR_OWD6 +T$LTCS‰:EEC6Tc=L ['ITC
LZ%ZCG ZCGX$ +T$aG$VD:EECc=L [aG$Z7E:EEC $TE=1V<S7V:EEC7TCGlT6S<%Sh;;hW
@ER@Z9:O*' 9E*_=EWD<$TE=1V<S7V:EEC9gW7 O*9lTc=7TCGlT6S<%Sh;;hW$S<
GS$K5R%O*CMTLCZ9E9gWCW'ITCGT6 G ZC GX$ G*c=7TCGlT6S< cC CW$TEGS6
%S;h 7O; cCC W9T*GS6 _ET`7G R';7O *' ODe ? $MS6@4S ;T7;c=7TCGlT6S<

$TEJX$KTc=7TCGlT6<S
$TE=1V<S7Vc=7TCGlT6S<OD T*;hW_O* CW-YgO_EWD$I T “:SCCT;Z:SCCR-
=1<V S7”V
`=GI T “$TE=1V<S7V:EECc=7TCG°T6S<” MEYO “$TE=1V<S7V:EEC
D ODbM 'G OD7 O:EECbM‰ ” `GR/MEYO “$TE=1V<S7V:EECbM LO6ES<$S<
IS78Z=ERL*'9 Wg`9 %O*:EEC% O;;hS e”
M;S*LYO “:CS CT;ZI7S 7 ” $Cf W9 I*9Tl ;O*%O*$TE6lT_;V;_EOgY *_-; ;h;S
'YO ;Tl _L;OMGS$$TE=1V<7S V:EECc=7TCGTl 6S<-;Sh
+T$*T Dc=MTDT$
+T$MDT<c=MTGR_OWD6
+T$@Y;h 2T;LTC‰S c=L M[ G$S $TE9WLg Z%CZ GZ CGX$
+T$aG$VD:EECCZ* La[ G$Z7E:EEC
`C M;S*LYO_G C;hW+R_%WD;cI _CgYO;T;CT$`G I `7 MT$@V+TE5Tb;
`* %O*_;hYOMT`M *:EEC$f;S<I TDS*'*CW'ITCE ICLCSDOD [ LlTMES<>[ `E$JX$KT

M;S*LYO_G C;Wh;S<I TLTCTE8b- _= ;`;I9T*b;$TEJX$KT:EECRc6 LlTMES<>[ 9gW
JX$KTCT@OLC'IE$fLTCTE8b- _= ;'[ CYOb;$TELO<9T;'ITCE ['ITC_% Tb+
c6_ = ;OD T*6W

“:SCCT;ZIS77 ” `=GI T “=1V<S7V7TC:EEC”
b'EO T;M;S*LYO_G C;Wh `G I@S4;T7;_O*6 ID$TE “=1V<S7V7TC
:EEC” +*X +RLC$S<'ITCC *Z MCTDO;S `9+ E*V %O*M;*S LYO
%OOlT;ID@EbM 9Z$';9Wgc6 O T;+*E[ +S$ “:SCCT;ZIS77 ” a6D9SgI
M; T$;S

I.I-VE_C:W

J[;DI =V L L;TcE_ -V‰7RIS;
s 7GZ T'C qttr

ÁԈ rԈ

M;S*LYO:SCCT;ZIS77 `GRJTL;IV8W _= ;M;S*LYO9WgEIC_G CCT+T$
M;S*LYO q _G C 'YO “:SCCT;ZIS77 ” `GR “JTL;IV8W” _EWD<_EWD*a6D9 T;
LTC_5E=ERCSD $TN_;7E .Xg*G I;_= ;M;S*LYO9gW`L6*% O:EECOS;;lTc=L [
'ITC@ ;9Z$% c6 OD T*`9 +EV* 6S*=ET$1b;'lT$G TID$D O*%O*O*' 'E[<T
OT+TED MGTD9 T;9gWc6 _'DOTJSDM;S*LYO:SCCT;ZIS77 _= ;MGS$=1V<S7V+;c6 ES<
>GbM _$6V 'ITCE'[ ITC`7$,T;b;$TE=1V<7S V9gW8$[ 7 O*7TCMGS$@9Z :@+;

'5R> [+S69lTc6 7V67TCLY<' ;+;@<7 ;,<S<M;S*LYO:SCCT;ZIS77 b;
_<hYO*7 ; `GRc6 @DTDTCLY<MT7 Oc=+;@<7 ;,<S<%O*M;S*LYOJTL;IV8W+;
'E<b;9LgW Z6 `GR+T$$TELY<'; % OCG[ 9h*S MC6+T$`MG *7T *e7Sh*`7 _M;YOLZ6
9Wg+S*MIS6_-WD*bMC +;8X*b7 LZ69Wg+S*MIS6= 77T;W `GR+T$IS6c9Db;
7 T*=ER_9J +X*9lTbM 9ET<I TM;S*LYO:SCCT;ZIS77 `GRJTL;IV8Wc6 _'DCW$TE
+S6@VC@ CT`G IMGTD'EhS* OS;_= ;9WgCT%O*$TEEI<EIC% OC[GGlT6S<$TE@VC@
%O*M;S*LOY 9h*S LO*_9 T9gW+RL<Y ' ;c6 6S*9Wg=ET$1OD 9[ g9W TDM;S*LYO,<S<;Wh

LlTMES<b;$TE+S6@VC@ 'EhS*;Wh '5R> [+S69lTc6 _GYO$+S6@VC@ 7TC
E[=`<<%O*M;*S LOY :SCCT;IZ S77, <S<9W_g $T 9WgLZ69LgW TCTE8MT7 ;,<S<CTc6 'YO
,<S<9Wg+S6@VC@ b;= @.J. qswt `GR,<S<9gW+S6@VC@ b;*T;/T=;$V+J@9 T;
LTC_5E=ERCSD $TN_;7E b;= @.J. qswp a6D,<S<9gW+S6@VC@ b;*T;
/T=;$V+J@9 T;LTC_5E=ERCSD $TN_;7E.gX*_= ;M;gX*b;LO*,<S<9Wg'5R
> [+6S 9lTb-_ = ;7 ;`<<;;hS _=; ,<S<9gWc6 ES<$TE@VC@ .lhTb;M;S*LYO “9T*LZ6`M *
9Z$% ” `GR “:EEC9T; p” a6D'5R>[ +S69Tl c6' *E[=`<<`GRBTKT`<<_$T

_@YgO_= ;$TEO;EZ $S K BTKT7TC7; ,<S<cI CcV 6 C$W TE=ES<`$B TKTbM _= ;BTKT
= ++Z<S;`7 OD T*b6 `7 c6 CW$TE7EI+9T;% O'ITC$S<M;S*LYO:SCCT;ZIS77
,<S<OgY;e6 ID_9 T9gW+RLTCTE8LY<MT7 ;,<S<c6 7TCETDGR_OWD69gW=ET$1b;
<EE5T;Z$EC9 TDM;S*LYO 9hS*;hW _@gYObM CgS;b+I T% O'ITC9Wg+S6@VC@ b;M;S*LYO
_GC ;_Wh =; %O 'ITC9Wg'E<8 I;LC<[E59 WgL6Z _9 T9W+g RL<Y '; % OC[Gc6

b;$TE+S69lTM;S*LYO:SCCT;ZIS77 `GRJTL;IV8W;Wh '5R> [+S69lTc6 ES<
'ITC_C77TOD T*L[*+T$9 T;@ER:EECC*'G‰T5 (MGI*@ O IVEVDS*'
LVEV;\:aE) > [_EWD<_EWD*M;S*LYO9T*L [LS;7V `GR9 T;@ER'E[=GS6LZ@G %;\7V@aG
.gX*- ID=ERLT;*T;%OO;Z‰T7;lT% O'ITC<T*L I;b;M;S*LYO9T*L[ LS;7VCT
G*cI b;M;S*LYO,<S<;hW 9 T;@ERCMTIZ4V-SD I-VE_C:W (I.I-VE_C:W) `GR9 T;
@ERCMTOZ_9; O'\'_C:W 9Wgc6 _C77TbM 'ITCE [ - ID7EI+LO<8 OD'lTBTKT
<TGW7 T*e9gWCW$TELR$6'lTcC 7E*$S;b;$TE+S6@VC@ 'EhS*$ O;e 7GO6+;bM
'lT`;R;lT99Wg E*'5Z 'T _@OYg bM$ TE+6S _7EWDC7; ,<S<_=; c=6 ID'ITC_EWD<E OD
`GROT+TED EZ *:VIT %GV<_*V; +T$'5ROS$KEJTL7E CMTIV9DTGSDJVG=T$E
.Xg*c6 - ID7V67TC7 ;,<S<M;S*LYO:SCCT;ZIS77 +T$MOLCZ6@ERET-IS*L;TC
+S;9E `GRc6 bM 'lT`;R;lT`$ '5R>[ +S69lT7Sh*`7 %hS;7O;_EVgC+S69lTM;S*LYO
+;$ER9*Sg M;S*LOY c6L lT_Ef+<E<V E[ 5 b;9WLg 6Z

`GRb;$TE+S6@VC@ 'EhS*9WgLO* '5R> [+S69lTc6 ES<'ITC_C77TOD T*L[*
+T$ MGI*=[ <Z‰_@f* $=\=a$ 9gWc6b M: EECaOIT9`$' 5R>[ +6S 9lTb;$TE

@VC@ 'EhS*9WgLO*;Wh`GRO;Z‰T7bM ;lT:EECaOIT96S*$G TICTG*cI b;M;S*LYO
_@YgO_= ;'7V:EEC `GRc6 ES<'ITCO;Z_'ETRM +T$'Z5OEE8;V7V GTBT$E5
'Z5IZ4V@*K OS-/T$EGS$K5 `GR'Z5_@WDE@E @EMCa-7V 9Wgc6 bM 'lT`;R;lT
b;$TE+S6@VC@ 'EhS*9gWLO*7GO6+;- ID=ES<=EZ*E[=_G CM;S*LYOOD T*=ER5W7
LID*TC

'5R>[ +S69lT+X*%O$ET<%O<@ER'Z5O*' 'E[<TOT+TED `GR9Z$9 T;
9$Wg GT I;TCCT 5 aO$TL;hW

<‰Z $JZ G+T$=‰ ‰T9T;<TECWb;'ES*h ;Wh '5R> [+S69lT%O; OC8ITD
_= ;@Z9:<[-T %O; OC<[-TOT+TEVD'Z5`6 9 T;LTC_5E=ERCSD $TN_;7E
>[_ EDW <_EDW * `GR%OOT;VL*L `M *:EEC9T;;hW +*_= ;@GI= ++DS bM9 Z$9 T;c6 8X*
@E OC6 IDLSCCT9V12V LTCTE8;lT7;bM @ ;+T$9Z$% BSDb;IS11L*LTEc6
a6D_EfI@GS;_9O‰

'5R> [+S69lT
:S;IT'C qtts

ÊÔµ©zu

=ERIS7V LTC_5E=ERCSD $TN_;7E ...................................... r
'E[<TOT+TED LTDMGI*=[ CgS;$G TI8*X LTC_5E=ERCDS $TN_;7E
`GRM;*S LYO:SCCT;ZIS77 ....................................................... x
:SCCT;ZIS77

:CS CT;ZIS77 ................................................................ px
a@:=V $%DV :EEC ............................................................ qr

L7V=1 2T; s ....................................................... qv
LSCCS==:T; s ..................................................... rv
OV9:V<T9 s ......................................................... so
OV;9EDW t ........................................................... ss
@GR t ............................................................... su
a@-/*' v ........................................................ sw
CEE' w ............................................................. tw
=‰ ‰T%;S : ................................................................ ut
'ITC`7$7 T*ERMIT *OB=V ES-‰TaG$WD `GRaG$Z77ER ...... vu
=E-S ‰TCWc6O D T*cE ............................................... xp
JWG%;S : ...................................................................... poq
JGW t LTl 'S‰ODT *cE ............................................. pow

:CS CT;IZ 7S 7 (7O )

JGW %;S : (7 O)
JGW OaZ <L8LlT'‰S ODT *cE ........................................ pqq
JGW po LlT'‰S ODT *cE ........................................... prq
JGW qqv LlT'‰S OD T*cE ......................................... prs

LCT:%V S;: ...................................................................prv
LCT<7S V w ........................................................... ptt
;VIE5 t ............................................................ pvp

b+ +7V 7 I‰V ‰T5 ......................................................... pwo

b'ECW-WI7V _= ;:SCCT;IZ S77 ............................................... pxp
O;S 7CV G%V V7 .................................................................. qot
_@gVC_7VCb;$TE@VC@' E*Sh 9Wg q ............................................. qov

JTL;I8V W

JTL;T ....................................................................... qpv
@ER@Z9:JTL;T ............................................................ qqt
$TE8X*@ERE7S ;7EDS ........................................................ qrp

G°T6S<$TE+6S @CV @M ;*S LYO:SCCT;ZI7S 7 `GRJTL;IV8W ..............qrx
<EE5T;$Z EC .............................................................qsq

­µ¤¾–¦ž¦³¤´¥ ‡µ¯¾œ˜¦ (­©¸ µ£·¦À˜)ž.

À

@.J.qsvt
@ERCMTaPC aLBa5 @ER$ER+ T* $;\7LWaG LTC_5E=ERCSD $TN_;7E OO$:Z6*'
c67 ER_7EWDC<EV%TEb;$TEOO$:Z6*' r _6YO; _- ; <T7E $G6 C Z*$G6 $T;hlT _'EgYO*$EO*;hlT
> T;VLW9;R `GR> T r >Y; OO$+T$IS6=9ZCI;TETCc=G*_EYO % TC`C ;hlT_+ T@ERDT9Wg
9 T@ER+S;9E _6V;c=_EgYODe 'glT7E*cM;= $$G6b;9gW;gS; `GR;gS*LCT:VBTI;T=1V<S7V:EEC
MC[ < T;GR r 'Y;< T* s 'Y;< T* CZ *M; Tc=DS*+S*MIS6=ER+I<'WEW%S;: _@YgOMT9T*L*<+V7b;

ÁL8T;9gIW _V I$7TC8Tlh `GRB_[ %T

±µÜxz§ÓÊÔË~sµ±µÜËÉz ­ÔÑ~r§µ

Â

ž¦³ª˜´ ­· µ¤¾–¦ž¦³¤¥´ ‡µ¯¾œ˜¦

LTC_5E=ERCSD $TN_;7E (LWGTBVEa7) _= ;<Z7E%Z;JVEVLCT;$TE
(7T6lT $TN_;7E) `GR;T*JVEVLCT;$TE (`7*O O;) _$V6_CgYOIS;9Wg p
_CKTD; qstw 7E*$S<IS;JZ$E `EC q 'lgT _6YO; t = _8TR 9Wg< T;OlT_BO
<Z * +*S MI6S O<Z GET-:T;W

C@W W;g O *E IC<6V TCTE6T_6WDI$S; u '; 'YO
p. ;T*O6Z C
q. ;TD-CB[
r. ;TD=ERCIG
s. LTC_5E=ERCSD
t. ;T*O9Z SD
u. _6f$-TDc@<[GD
_COYg _DTI ISDc6 _% TJX$KT_G T_EWD;9gWaE*_EWD;=ER+lTOlT_BO OTDZ pp
= _EWD;+<MGS$L[7E-hS;=ER8C `G I_% TJX$KT9gWaE*_EWD;_<‰+CCMTET- OTDZ
pr = _=; ;S$_EWD;-Sh;CS:DC q `GI _GDGTOO$+T$aE*_EWD;_@ETR-O<JX$KT
b;9T*@ER@Z9:JTL;T _= ;>[ _OTb+bL b;$TE=ER@F7V:EEC c6 _'D7V67TC
9 T;OT+TED LV*M (%;\7DT'aC) _9gWDI+TEV$c=b;9Wg7 T*e _@YgO=1V<S7V:EEC
a6Dc6 ES$KTOZa<L8JWG_= ;OZ<TL$ @OOTDZ pt = c6 CTJX$KT@ER=EVDS7V-
:EECOD[ b;LlT;S$9 T;_+ T'Z5@ER= ‰‰T@VJTG_8E (M;[) IS6=9ZCI;TETC
$EZ*_9@Q _CYgO @.J.qsvq c6 JX$KT<TGWcIDT$E5 `GRLO<cG c6 b;
@.J.qsvr OTDZ pv = c6 <EE@-T_= ;LTC_5Eb;LlT;S$IS6;Sh;_CgYO_6YO;
$E$0T'C @.J.qsvs a6D9T ;_+ T'5Z @ER= ‰‰T@VJTG_8E_= ;O=Z -/TD

Ã

C@W ERDT@@V T$KTLS7DT:=V 7DS `GR'Z5M‰V*_= ;> [OZ=$TER `GRLO<;S$:EEC7EW
c6b ;= 9g<W I-;S;h _O*

b;ERMI T*_6YO;$ZCBT@S;: @.J.qsvt c6 _9WgDI+TEV$c= _@gYO
<lT_@f‰LC5:EEC9gW8lhT`?6 OlT_BO9 TC I* +S*MIS6$T‰+;<ZEW `G I$GS<CT
+lT@EEKT9WgIS6=9ZCI;TETC b; @.J.qsvu c6 JX$KT@ER=EVDS7V:EEC +;
LO<cGc 6; S$:EECa9`GR<TGW=ERaD' r b;= @.J.qsvu ;hS;

LTC_5E=ERCSD_= ;>[ CW;VLSDb'E b;$TE=1V<S7V:EEC c6 _'DJX$KT
LC8$SCCS12T;`GRIV= LL;T$SCCS12T;$S<9 T;_+ T'Z5> [_= ;OZ= -/TD +;CW
'ITCE` [ GR_GYgOCbLb;$TE=1<V 7S :V EECOD T*D*gV +*X c6 7S6LV;b+OD T*_6f6%T6I T
+RcCL O<@ER=EDV S7:V EECOW$7S*h `7; hS;_=; 7; CT +RCZ *M; T7 O$TE=1V<S7V:EEC
OD T*_6WDI +X*_EWD;=1V<S7V'ITC_Mf;;hS;`6 9 T;_+ T'Z5>[ OZ= -/TD 9 T;$f
O;ZaC9;T6I D

_CYgOc6 ES<O;Z‰T7`G I b;_6YO;$ZCBT@S;: @.J.qsvu +X*c6 _9gWDI
+TEV$c=9T*b7 > T;+S*MIS6;'E=2C ET-<ZEW _@-E<ZEW `G I@S$+lT@EEKT9Wg
IS6E T* 7lT<GM;O*'T* +S*MIS6=ER+I<'WEW%S;: b; @.J.qsvu ERMI T*9Wg
@S$+lT@EEKT $f7hS*M; T=1V<S7V:EECOD T*_'E *'ES6`%f*`E* 8X*$S<7Sh*
LS7DT:VK2T;I T+RcC _O;MGS*;O;_GD `7 c6 LCT9T;_;LS--V$:Z6*' OD T*
OZ$FK0 _@gYO=1V<S7V:EECbM _7fC$lTGS*LTCTE8LC'ITC7Sh*b++;7GO6@EEKT
`GR7O CT

;O$+T$;Sh; DS*c6 - ID`;R;lTLSg*LO;-TI< T;bM CW'ITCE [b;:EEC
=1V<S7V7TCLC'IE c6 - ID$S;=1VLS*%E5 IS6E T*;Sh;bM _= ;LlT;S$L*) %Xh; `GR

Ä

c6 +S67hS*aE*_EWD;=ER-T<TG=ER+lT7lT<GM;O*'T*+;LlT_Ef+ OO$@EEKT`G I
c6 +TEV$c=LI;aC$%@GTETC c-DT _@gYO6[$V+$TE_$WgDI6 ID$TE=1V<S7V:EEC
$GS<+T$;hS;`G I_GD+TEV$c=9T*_M;OY +;8X*_-WD*bMC

b;_6YO;@FKBT'C @.J.qsvw $GS<+T$_-WD*bMC +lT@EEKT9gW
IS6@ER`9 ;JVGTOTL; +S*MIS6OZ7E6V78 c6 - IDLCBTEIS6@ER`9 ;Q +S6$TE
=1VLS*%E5 _L;TL;R`GR_EWD<_EWD*M;S*LYO “:SCCT;ZIS77 ” _$WgDI$S<$TE
=1V<S7V:EEC 7 OCTc6 _EWD<_EWD*M;S*LYO “JTL;IV8W” OW$ (ERMI T*OT@T:
G*`GI )

b;ERMI T*9WgOD [- ID_MGYO$V+$TE9WgIS6@ER`9 ;Q ;hS; aE'_6VC.Xg*_'D
_= ;CT`7 OTDZ po-pu = c6 $lT_EV<%hX; _;gYO*6 ID7ET$7ElT*T;CT$_$V;c=
_EgVCOT@T:$ER_LTR$ER`LRCT`7 _6YO;:S;IT'C `7 $f+lT7 O*- ID_MGYO*T;
_9J$TG$GT*_6YO; r = ;Sh;+;LlT_Ef+ `GES$KT7SI_EYgODCT +;IS;9Wg v
@FKBT'C @.J.qsvx c=ES$KT7SI9Wg_-WD*bMC OT$TE%O*aE'$fcC 9Z_GTG*
7 O*$GS<CTES$KT7SI9gW$EZ*_9@Q _CgYOIS;9Wg t CV8Z;TD; `GR+lT@EEKT9WgIS6
=9ZCI;TETC `@9D G*'ITC_Mf;I T_= ;IS5aE' 8X*$ER;hS;$f6W $fDS*@DTDTC
=1V<S7V:EECODC[ cV 69 O8OD

_CYgOOT$TE%O*aE'' OD9Z_GT%hX;`GROO$@EEKT`G I IS;9Wg r
@FJ+V$TD; @.J.qsvx c6 _9WgDI+TEV$c=9T*+S*MIS6-G<ZEW @S$9gWIS6E T*
7lT<G<T*@ER OlT_BOJEWET-T CW>[ _GYgOCbL+;<S6;Wh c6 +S67Sh*_= ;L8T;9gW
=1<V S7:V EEC%hX;

IS;9gW pw :S;IT'C $GS<c=@S$OD[ 9gW_%T8lhT 7lT<GM IDc> OlT_BO
_CYO* +S*MIS6ET-<ZEW OT$TE%O*aE'CS$_= ;c% _LCO CVb'E =$7Vc6 `C _- ;;hS;
$cf CM IT6MIg;S _$E*$GSI7O @DT:V_GD OZ7L TM EW<_E *<lT_@f‰LC5:EEC+;_7fC
'ITCLTCTE8 _@gYOMIS*'ITC@ ;9Z$% OD T*`9 +EV* `GR@DTDTCES$KT

Å

@DT<TG_7fC$lTGS* OT$TE'*9E*OD [_- ;;Sh; <T*'EhS*$fM;S$G* +;8X*IS;9gW
qs _CKTD; @.J.qswo c6 D TD+T$_%T8lhTc=@S$ES$KT7SI9T*_%T- T*
OlT_BO=T$9 O _CgYO_Mf;OT$TEcC 9Z_GT%hX; +X*$GS<CT@S$ES$KT7SI9WgIS6=9ZC-
I;TETC_CgOY 7 ;_6OY ;CV8;Z TD;`GR_GD+Tl @EEKT9WgI6S ;;Sh

b;$TEES$KT7SI'EhS*;hWc6 ES<OZ=$TER+T$9 T;_+ T'Z5@ER= ‰‰T-
@VJTG_8E`GR_+ T+OCCTE6T9S<9VC_= ;OD T*6W 7GO6+;@ERBV$KZLTC_5E
`GR9TD$9TDV$T9gW' Z;_'D $fc6 @E OCb+$S;- ID_MGYO7TC$lTGS*'ITC-
LTCTE8 `7 OT$TE%O*aE'CW`7 9E*$S<9EZ6_EYgODCT MC6'ITCLTCTE8%O*
`@9D 9Wg+R_DWDIDTc6 c6 8X*`$ CE5BT@_LWD _CYgOIS;9gW qp $S;DTD; @.J.
qswo _IGT p ;TN$V T so ;T9W 'Tl ;I5OTDZc6 qq = $<S u _6YO;

$TE9gWLTC_5E=ERCSDc6 6 I;CE5Rc=_LWDb;=2CISD_- ;;hW D OC_= ;
_M7Z;lTCT.Xg*'ITC_JE TLG6`$ <EE6T‰T7VCV7ELMTD_= ;OD T*DgV* `7 $f_= ;
:EEC6T%O*LS*%TEOD T*;hS;_O* LZ6IVLSD9gW> [b6+R? ;bM _= ;c=c6 7TC=ERL*'
MT$`7 I T 8 T> [CE5R;WhDS*CW-WIV7OD[ $f'*+RLTCTE89lT=ERaD-; bM `$
@ER@Z9:JTL;Tc6 >[M ;*gX .

OILT;7

Æ



Áµ×©ÔÎÔ¢ÔµÉtÊÔÉÌwxš±–Ë× z…r
­wÂÔxœ{šÊÔË~sµ±µÜËzÉ ­ÔÑ~r§µ

}wÜÌrzšÊÝÎÛzËËÔr¤x§z §t

È

„¦¼µ°µ‹µ¦¥­æ µ¥®©ªŠž¼¤Ý œÐ´
‡©µâ ª™Š¹ ­µ¤¾–¦ž¦³¤¥´ ‡µ¯¾œ˜¦ ¿©³®œŠ´ ­º°›¤´ ¤µœª» ˜´ ˜æ

“...(7O;MGI*7TM;Z Ce _'DO T;_EgYO*_5E;T'_9WgDI$EEC2T;
cMC'R) 6[I T_= ;MGT;MGI*=[C ;gS MEOY c* _9WgDIOD 9[ T*BT'b7 BTI;T_$ *
9T*BTDIVBT'_$ * 7TD_LWDDS*M;Z C; ODOD [ 6[I TDS*_= ;_5E (OS;;Sh;
LTC_5E=ERCDS _+T ' R) _OO OS;;Wh;T';R _ET$fc6 DV;`7 % TI_MCYO;$S;$S<
_5E=ERCDS ...”

µŠ­âªœ‹µ‡¡¦³›¦¦¤¾š«œµ ¾¦º°Ð Š Ÿ¤˜µ¥¿©ãª¡ª‡šµâ œ‹³°µ«´¥Á„¦?
À—¥ ¡¦³›¦¦¤ª·­»š›¤· Š„© (®©ªŠ˜µ¤®µ´ª 絖­¤ž½ œ½Àœ)
¾¤Ð°º ª´œšÐ¸ ÆÇ ˜©» µ„¤ ÆÉÉÎ

“...LCT:V7 O*E[ LCT:V<T*OD T*OT7CT_'D_= ; CS;MGS< @O;Sg*
OC `7 C;S MG<S cC E _[ GD A
T>T D*S cCc 6 DV; ,S;b6 ;R cC b- LCT:V `G Ic=6[
%O*LTC_5E=ERCSD_'D_%WD;cI _EWD$I TCS;_= ;OLS‰‰W@EMC B@L[‰
_% Tc=OD T*;Sh;; R cC E [_EYgO* _= ;OD[ MGTD_6YO; ...9lT< TDS*c*... _% Tc=
ODT *;h;S MGS<MC6 cCE [_ EYOg * @OOO$CT `G I_=; c* b- cCc 6 `$ OD [7hS*_= ;
_6YO;e ;R $I T+R7$ cC b- %O** TD 8 TG*_% TOD T*;hS; _LEf+ `D 8 TcC
`$_ LEf+;R GlT<T$...

... (';9gW_% TOD [b;BIS*' 9lTDS*c* $fcC E [;RPR) E [LV'Z5 (cC E [PR)
;Sg; OD T*;hS;CS;cC b- LCT:V CS;MGS< CS;_= ;'G TDe LCT:V (+R`$ c%

À¿

OD T*cE) 9W;Wh+R`$ 7E*;Wh 7 O*b- <EV$EECOD[ OD TbM +V7_% Tc=;R 7 O*`$
7E*;hW$ O; `$ cC bM +V7_% Tc=_GD _@ETR,R;Sh; @O_CYgOCS;$f6W$ O;_% T
$TE<EV$EEC$f_<T_% Te = < OD T..OD Tc=MDZ6 7 O*<EV$EECbM CS;7Yg;
7Y;g 7SIOD7[ GO6_IGT OD T*;;hS 8X*+R`$ c6 cC ODT *;Sh;@O_>GO`= <_6WDI
_OTOW$`G I c=OW$`G I P T.._% TOW$`G I _@ETR,R;hS; `$ DT$ 7E*;hW`$
DT$9LgW 6Z 7O *@DTDTC`$ 7E*;Wh @Sh<..._OTOW$`G I CS;c=`G I <T*9W;Sg*
c6 ;T;e ;Wg;R ;T; q-r -SgIaC*$fc6 OD [c6 `7 cC E[ 7SI_GD `C `7 b'E+R
_= 6IV9DZ6S*%;T6cM; _'EYgO*<V;CTDS*c* $fcC E[ 7SI _,D ;gS;CS;_= ;aCMR
LTC_5E=ERCDS IT C;S _= ;OL‰S ‰@W EMC`7 9W;<Wh Z''G;hS;cC_ 'DE [7IS …”

µŠ­âªœ‹µ‡¡¦³›¦¦¤¾š«œµ™µ¤˜°žè®µ›¦¦¤³
À—¥ ®©ªŠžÝ¾¼ ‹¥¸Ò ³ ‹»œÀ½ š

“...c6 O T;M;S*LYO%O*LTC_5E=ERCSD LTC_5E=ERCSDO*' ;hW
CW';E [LX$I T-YgC-C$S;CT$ `G I9 T;<EEDTDcI 9WM;gX*I T ;S$=1V<S7V';b6
8T _=; ;S$=1<V S7V9gW_=; ;$S $TDIVBT'`G I +R_= ;;S$=1<V S79V gWb- c6 ';M;gX*
9 T;<EEDTDb+'ITC9WgMGI*7T+lTCTc6 % OD Oe OS;;Wh `7 CS;$V;b+'ITC
GX$8X*b++EV*e cC E [7V6O$7V6b+DS*c*$fcC E [ CS;8[$;VLSD$S;DS*c*cC E[ ;Wg _= ;
OD T*;Sh; `G I$fa6DCT$> T;CTMEYOc6 DV;$S<M[_O* 'E[<TOT+TED 9Wg9 T;
=ER@F7V=1V<7S V$;S $af 6DCT$CT_; ;b;_EgOY *$TD;ChW T$9gLW Z6...”

µŠ­âªœ‹µ‡¡¦³›¦¦¤¾š«œµ ¾¦ºÐ°Š žèµž¦³‡°Âž—ªã ¥­¤µ›·
À—¥ ®©ªŠž¾Ý¼ ‹¥Ò¸ ³ ‹œ» ½Àš ¾¤º°Ð ªœ´ šÐ¸ Ë ­Š· ®µ„¤ ÆÉÆÊ

ÀÀ

“...OT7CTc=6[M;S*LYO%O*LTC_5E=ERCSD _%WD;cI 7E*;Sh;<O$
I T8W;CV9:R$S<OZ9:S++R$Z$$Z++R `7 8W;CV9:R;Wg7 O*`$ 6 ID= ‰‰T
';9hS*MGTD_;WgD cC LTCTE8+R_-YgOc6 I T 9lTcC% O;hW+RCT`$ 7SI;Whc6
8W;CV9:R7 O*`$ 6 ID'ITC'V6 9 T;I T*hS;;R `$ 6 ID'ITC'V6 'V6`G I
cCM GS<...”

µŠ­âªœ‹µ‡¡¦³›¦¦¤¾š«œµ™µ¤žè®µ›¦¦¤³µã œ„»–­»ªš· ¥æ
À—¥ ®©ªŠžÝ¾¼ ‹¥Ò¸ ³ ‹»œ½Àš

“...c6 _'DO T;M;S*LYO:SCCT;ZIS77 %O*LTC_5E=ERCSD`G I `GR
OT7CT8YOI T_= ;MGS$$TE=1V<S7V b- _= ;MGS$IV-T$TE=1V<S7V9gW9S;LCSD
9LWg Z6 LlTMES<M;*S LOY _G C;hW_=; 9W=g E$X KTc6 _= ;OD T*6.W ..”

µŠ­âªœ‹µ‡¡¦³›¦¦¤¾š«œµ
À—¥ ¡¦³œ· ªŠ«µ‹µ¦¥æ (®©ªŠ¡°â ¡›» صœ·À¥)
°µã Š™Š¹ Áœ ›´¤¤µœª» ´˜˜æ ‡¦»Š¾š¡² :­»š›·­µ¦‡µ¦¡·¤¡æ ,ÆÉÆÊ

“@.J.qsvu
...6S*;Sh; = ;hW CMT9O*LZ$ (DS*cC c6 LC5JS$6Vk) +X*_6V;9T*
(:Z6*' ) E IC$S<@ERET-CZ5W (CMTaPC aLBa5 a@:VJEW9O* =.:.u
DS*cC c6 LC5JS$6Vk) `GRLTC_5E=ERCSDQ ;hW`7$,T;b;9T*=1V<S7VCT$
LTC_5E+R_= ;> ['OD`;R;lT9T*+V7OD[ _LCO `GR@I$_ET$f_-YgO8YO
LTC_5ECT$ c6 @S$+lT@EEKT9Wg< T;M;O*'T* +.=ER+I<'WEW%S;:

ÀÁ

CMT9O*LZ$c6 =ETEB'ITC_@WDE _EVgC$SCCS12T;OD T*+EV*+S* _CgYOL*LSD
ORcE $cf 6L TC_5E=ERCDS Q _= ;9g=W EX$KT...”

µŠ­ªâ œ‹µ‡®œ´Š­º° “šµŠ­¼­â œ´ ˜”·
À—¥ ¡¦³„¦¼çµ–ª¦· ·¥³ (¡¦³°µ‹µ¦¥æª·¦·¥Š´ „æ ­·¦œ· ½›À¦)
¡·¤¡æ¾žœê °œ»­¦–æÁœŠµœ«¡¡¦³„¦¼°»—¤›¦¦¤„–» (š°Š­‡» ­»‹˜· À½ ˜)

– ¾¤¦ª» ´—­»š›µªµ­ °Õµ¾£°¾¤º°Š ‹´Š®ª´—­‡©œ„¦
Å ‡»¤£µ¡œ´ ›æ ¡.«.ÆÉÎÍ

°µã Š™Š¹ Áœ®œŠ´ ­º°šµŠ­—» ¿®Šâ š‡» †æ
(®œ´Š­º°¦ª¤¾©â¤›´¤¤µœ»ª˜´ ˜æ¿©³«µ­œª™· ¸ À—¥ ­.°µ‹µ¦¥¸ )æ ®œµã Ë

ÀÂ



ÛzËËÔr¤xz§§t

ÀÄ



„ÕµœÕµ
(¡.«.ÆÈÌÅ)

b;$TE/T=;$V+J@ LTC_5ELWGTBVEa7 (=ERCSD $TN_;7E) ;hW
% T@_+ T@V+TE5T_Mf;I T cC CWLgV*OgY;+R_= ;=ERaD-; DgV*c=$I TM;S*LYO
“:SCCT;ZIS77 ” _G C;Wh .gX*>[ CE5BT@c6 7hS*b+_EWD<_EWD*6 ID;lhT@S$;lhT`E*
7TC`;I9T*.Xg*c6C WIEV VDBT@O7Z LTM=1V<7S V6 ID7;_O*`G I _@gYOMIS*=ERaD-;
`$ @ER@Z9:JTL;T`GR@Z9:JTL;V$-;a6D`9 CW9hS*$TEL *_LEVC=1V<S7V:EEC
`GR$TE=1V<S7V:EECa6D7E* LC'IE_= ;IV8W=ER$O<$TE=1V<S7V:EEC % T@_+ T
+X*+S6@VC@ %Xh;_@gYO_= ;O;ZLE5 `6 9 T;>[ G I*GS<c= @E OC6 IDM;S*LYO
“JTL;I8V ”W .*Xg >[ CE5BT@c6_ EDW <_EDW *cI _-; _6DW I$;S

%OO9Z VJLI ;$ZJG OS;_$V6`7: EEC9T;+EDV TO;S ;`hW 69 T ;>[ _EWD<_EWD*
.gX*8X*`$ CE5BT@G I*GS<c=`G I 7GO6LEE@LS7I 9Z$8 I;M; T +*_= ;c=_@YgO
=ERaD-;L Z% @; +T$LS*LTEIS119$Z % _9O‰Q

%Z;JEV LV CT;$TE

ÀÆ



:CS CT;IZ 7S 7

riŽ¥}j”oˆh¨‰» }¸”o‚Š¡g”|¸Ž‰‚Š¡­‰rh»Æi«‚½h€ŠŠˆ
p¦op¡¯ˆ·«‘i‰iÆi¯|¸«g¥|ˆ£«‚½hˆh¨‰» ~¸£riŽ¥}‚Š£p£g‚Š¡­‰rh»iÆ
«‚½h€ŠŠˆ rŽi ¥}g¯Å Šl¸ £· «‚h½ “­ˆn¡”¯‚

ˆi¬}·riŽ¥}j”olhqŒ£|«·£h¢ÇhiƯˆ·¯Š¸l·£ lhqŒ£|ˆi€ŠŠˆ
”‰·©®h}¢Ž ¬}·lh…£Œˆi¬}·­Œg€ŠŠˆ¬Œ¡¥wx¥«·£h¢ÇhÆi„¼o”‰©·®h}¢Ž
‘¥ÆoˆÆi i”‰·®© h}Ž¢ «’Œ·£hÇi «‚½h«lŠ”Ƨ o|£Ë «h¥h «‚h½ ˆŠŠl£‘£Ë ’Š¢}¢Žlh
¨g± lh¯‚

’Œ¢gj”oˆŠŠl£”h¢ h¬iÇ ·o””g«‚½h ™ j¸” l”§
—.­Œg£€‚¥ «}‰‰Ò ˆi­Œg€ŠŠˆ«‚½h®’u·
˜.”}Ò}£€‚¥ «}‰‰Ò ˆi w¥ x¥Ægi Œ£· Ž‚Š£Š‡}h«‚h½ ®’u·
™.€ˆÒˆ£€¥‚«}‰Ò‰ ˆi€ŠŠˆ«‚½h®’u·

-IW 7V 9Wg p

riŽ¥}j”oƒ©¸‚Š¡g”|¸Ž‰ “­Œg£€¥‚«}‰Ò‰”h¢Çh‰·”ˆ’ˆ¨h
¯‚}£ˆ­Œg€ŠŠˆÇ¢o ž l§” Œ£‡ ¯ˆ·ˆiŒ£‡ ‰ ¯ˆ·ˆi‰ ‘ŠŠ«‘Š¥u
h¥h£ ‘¨j ¨gj» sƦo‰·hŒo¯|¸«‚½h ˜ l§” ”¥wx£Šˆ{» ”£Šˆ{»Æi

ÀÈ

r”®p iÆh·£‚Š£Š~h£ — ”h¥wx£Šˆ{» ”£Šˆ{»Æi¯ˆ·h·£‚Š£Š~h£
¯ˆ·r”®p —

lŽ£ˆ«‚½h¯‚j”oriŽ¥}iƂŠ¡g”|¸Ž‰€ŠŠˆ«r·hhiÇ «Ši‰gŽ·£
“­Œg£h¨Ž¢}}»” lŽ£ˆ«‚½h¯‚«r·hhiǬ‘|o®’¸«’ÅhŽ·£ ®p¯ˆ·ˆi
’Œ¢g€ŠŠˆ«‚½h«lŠÆ§”orË£Š¡}h ¨g‘Æ¥oiÆË£¯‚«‚½h¬}·‘¢gŽ·£Ë£ «‚½h
”£g£Šj”o£Šg ”£Šˆ{»«‚½h«lŠ§Æ”oŒ·”j”oˆ£Š ~¸£®pŠ©¸«·£
”£Šˆ{g» ¯Å ˆ·’ˆh¨ }£ˆ ¬}~· ¸£®p¯ˆŠ· «©¸ ·£ riŽ¥}oÇ¢ |h¨¸ g}Å ”¸ o~©g’ˆ¨h¯‚
}£ˆ‰~£gŠŠˆ rŽi ¥}«rh· hihÇ ·£‘o‘£Š‰¥oÆ hg¢

-IW 7V 9gW q

«Ši‰gŽ·£ “”}Ò}£€¥‚«}‰Ò‰”ˆi¥wx¥‚Š£Š‡}h«‚½h®’u·
lË£Ž·£ “”}Ò}£” hÇ¢h «‚½hlË£‘Ë£l¢uÆiƒ¸©‚w¥¢}¥…¦o«j¸£®p®’¸~©g«‘i‰
g·”hŽ·£ ”¡¯Šl§””¢}}£ “‘…Ò«… €ˆÒˆ£ ”h}Ò}£” €ŠŠˆÇ¢o’ˆ|
«‚½h”h¢}}£ hiÇ«‚½h’Œ¢g‘Ë£l¢u®h«ŠÆ§”ohÇi lŽ£ˆ¯ˆ·Š©¸pŠ¥o«‚½h«’}¨®’¸
‰|¦ ”}¢ }£ lŽ£ˆŠ©¸pŠ¥oË£Œ£‰lŽ£ˆ«’hÅ ®hg¨ ‘¥oÆ Ž£· «‚½h”¢}}£«‘i‰¯|¸
~¸£Š¸©Ž·£¨g‘Æ¥o¯ˆ·ˆih¥ˆ¥}}»«lŠÆ§”o’ˆ£‰ «‚½hj”o¯ˆ·ˆi¬g·h‘£Š ©h‰»
«‚Œ·£p£g‚Š¡­‰rh» ¯ˆ·ˆiiÆ}Ç¢o |¢ohiÇ gŒˆ|lŽ£ˆ‰¦|Ž·£”¢}}£ ­|‰
«’ÅhŽ£· ¨g‘Æ¥o«‚½h”h¢}}£hh¢Æ «”o

”¢}}£h¨ ¥wx¥ l§” lŽ£ˆ}£ˆ«’ÅhŽ£· }hh¢Çhˆi ˜ l§”
‡Ž¥wx¥ Ž·£ˆi¬h· l§” «’ÅhŽ·£ˆi‡…«‚½h”¢}}£ ”¢}}£«‚½h
‡… ˆi‡… —

Á¿

Ž‡¥ Žw¥ x¥ Ž£· ¯ˆˆ· i‡… l§” }£‰¬Œ¸Ž©h‰»«Œ‰ ¯ˆ·ˆi”¡¯Š”ig
Ž€¥ ihÇ«i j£¸ ¬iƎ£· «Åupj¢h€» «‚h½ ”h¢}}£

~¸£”‰·£ohÇ¢h lŽ£ˆ|ilŽ£ˆr¢ÆŽ¨g‘Æ¥oiÆË£’Š§”«‚½h¯‚|¸Ž‰
«Åupj¢h€»gÅ«‚½h”h¢}}£ lŽ£ˆ|ilŽ£ˆrÆ¢ŽgÅ«Œ‰’ˆ|”Ë£h£p
«Ši‰gŽ·£¯ˆ·}¸”ogŒ¢Žg¢hŒ¡®h«ŠÆ§”og£ŠË£ p¡Ë£|i’Š§”rÆ¢ŽgŔh¢}}£
¢Çoh¢Çh r¡h|¥ h«Çi Ši‰gŽ£· “’Œo”h¢}}£”

riŽ¥}j”oƒ©¸«‚½h¯‚«r·hhiÇ «Ši‰gŽ·£ “”¢}}£h¨Ž¢}}»”~¸£«’Åh
Ž·£ˆi}h gÅp¡Ë£g¥pË£gŠŠˆ«…Ƨ”lŽ£ˆˆi}h ~¸£«’ÅhŽ·£¯ˆ·ˆi}h l§”
©h‰»®’u·«Œ‰ gÅË£®’¸ƒ¸©hÇ¢hË£”¡¯Šgůˆ·«Œ§”gŽ·£|i’Š§”r¢ÆŽ ‚Š£
p£g’Œ¢g€ŠŠˆ®h®p gŒ£‰«‚½hlhŠg­Œg

j¸”ÆilŽŠpË£¯Ž¸¬Œ¡lŽŠ…¥p£Š{£®’¸‚Š¡p¢g»¬g·®p gÅl§”
lË£Ž·£ ”}Ò}£ hÇ¢h ¯|¸¬g·}¢Ž¥wx¥ ‚Š¡…‹}¥}£ˆ¥wx¥«r·hh¢Çh«‚½h
”¢}}£hŽ¨ }¢ }» £Ë Œ£‰w¥ x«¥ ‘i‰¯|¸ «’hÅ ¨g‘¥ÆoŽ·£«‚½h”h¢}}£ ¯ˆ·®r·‘¥Æo
…iÆ o¦ ‰¦|~§”¯Ž¸ ¬}¯· ˆ·¯|¸’ˆ£‰lŽ£ˆŽ·£©h‰»

lŽ£ˆ«’ÅhŽ·£«‚½h”h¢}}£«‚½hlŽ£ˆ«’ÅhiÆr”¬¸ ¨g±
lhp¡¯ˆ·‰¦|ˆÆ¢h¬Œ¡«‚½h¯‚}£ˆ”¢}}£h¨¥wx¥gÅ«…Š£¡«’Åhr”«r·hhiÇ
«”o j”‰ËÇ£”igŽ·£ ”¢}}£ˆi«…Š£¡g£Š¯jŽ·lŽ¸£ ”h¢}}£‚Š¡p¢g»
«…Š£¡’ˆ|lŽ£ˆ¯jŽ·lŽ£¸

-IW 7V 9gW r

«Ši‰gŽ·£ “€ˆÒˆ£€¥‚«}‰Ò‰” ˆi€ŠŠˆ«‚½h®’u· «‚½h
Œ¢g{¡j”oriŽ¥}iƈi‚Š¡­‰rh»¬¸¢Ço¬g·}h¬Œ¡¬g·ƒ¸©”§Æh ¨g‘¥ÆoiÆ

ÁÀ

«‚½h¯‚|¸Ž‰€ŠŠˆ‰·”ˆ‚Š£p£gg£Š«i‰|«i‰“}h«”o¬Œ¡ƒ©¸”Ƨh
«‚½h’Œ¢gg£Š|Ë£«h¥hriŽ¥}rÇ¢h«”g |Ë£«h¥h}Šo«…Ƨ”lŽ£ˆ…¸h¯‚p£g
g¨ j»

riŽ¥}‚Š¡g”|¸Ž‰€ŠŠˆ lŽ£ˆ«‚½h¯‚j”oriŽ¥}gÅ«Ž¸h«‘i‰
p£g­Œg£h¨Ž¢}}»¬Œ¡”¢}}£h¨Ž¢}}» ˆilŽ£ˆ«j¸ˆ¬jÅo«g¥|jǦh®h}h
¯ˆ·¯’Ž}£ˆ”Ë£h£pj”o­Œg€ŠŠˆ ˆilŽ£ˆ«’Åhr”¯ˆ·¯’Ž}£ˆ
”}¢ }£h¨¥wx¥ «Š‰i griŽ}¥ «r·hhÇ¢hŽ·£ “€ˆ¢ ˆ£hŽ¨ ¢}}”»

’h¢o‘§”«Œ·ˆhiLjir§Æ”Ž·£ €¢ˆˆ£h¨Ž¢}}» gÅ«…Š£¡ŠŠ‰£‰
’Œ¢gg£Š|£Ë «hh¥ rŽi }¥ r¡h¥|iÆ«Š‰i gŽ£· €ˆ¢ ˆ£h¨Ž}¢ }» h¢Æh«”o

ÁÁ

a@:V= $%DV :EEC

€ŠŠˆ ™ j¸”iƅŠ¡ŠˆlŠ©«p¸£}Š¢‘¯Ž¸ «‚½h«lŠ§Æ”o
”¨|’h¨hƒ©¸|Ë£«h¥h}£ˆ®’¸~¦o “lŽ£ˆ…¸h¨gj»”¬Œ¡€ŠŠˆhÇi«‚½h¯‚
¬}·«…§Æ” “lŽ£ˆŠ©¸pŠ¥o”«…§Æ”lŽ£ˆ}§Æh}h­|‰‘·Žh«|i‰Ž«·£hÇ¢h
«Ši‰gŽ·£ “­…€¥‚¼gj¥‰€ŠŠˆ” sƦo¬‚ŒŽ·£ “€ŠŠˆiÆ«‚½h„¼g„²£‰¬’·o
lŽ£ˆŠ”©¸

€ŠŠˆ ™ j¸”hh¢Ç ¬·o””g«‚½h’ˆŽ|± |o¢ }”· ¯‚hÇi
—. ‘}¥‚¼wx£h š
˜. ‘ˆ¢ ˆ‚¢ ‚€£h š
™. ”¥€¥£ š
š. ”¥hŠi‰» ›
›. …Œ¡ ›
œ. ­…rtol» 
. ˆŠŠl ž
lo«‚½hlŽ£ˆŒË££g¬h· iÆ«Š£pË£«‚½h}¸”oË£«…Åu€ŠŠˆ}Ç¢o
™ j¸” ®’¸Š¥©Š{»«‘i‰g·”h p¦op¡’Œ¨|…¸hp£glŽ£ˆ¨gj»Æi
®’u·’ŒŽo¯|¸ hiÆloˆiƒ¸©«l‰l¥| ¬}·¬¸pŠ¥o­…€¥‚¼gj¥‰€ŠŠˆgÅl§”

ÁÂ

ˆr¢ tˆ¥ £‚w¥‚£ soƦ …Š¡…¨€«p¸£Šo¬‘|o¯Ž¸Ž·£ˆ”i ol» ž ‚Š¡g£Š
¬Œ¡‘o«lŠ£¡’»Œo®hjh¢ €» ™ l”§ iŒ ‘ˆ£€¥ ‚¼uu£ hhÆ¢ «”o

g£ŠiÆŠoj‰£‰®’¸ˆ£gjǦh gÅ«…Š£¡‚Š¡‘ol»®’¸«j¸£®po·£‰
«j¸£”ig ¯ˆ·¯|¸’ˆ£‰lŽ£ˆŽ·£«Š£}¸”o«iƉŽ«gŁ”¢h­h¸h¸£o”¢hhÇi¸£o
ˆ£phl¥|«’Åh«‚½h‰·¨o‰£g®’u·­} «Š£lo‚w¥¢}¥®h iŒ ‘ˆ£€¥
‚¼uu£ «·£h¢Çh «ˆÆ§”«Š£”Šˆ iŒ ‘ˆ£€¥ ‚¼uu£ ®’¸Š¥©Š{»¬Œ¸Ž
€ŠŠˆo¢Ç ™ ‚Š¡g£ŠgÅ«‚½h”¢hŠ¥ Š© {¯» ‚|Ž¸ ‰

iŒ ‘ˆ£€¥ ‚¼uu£ l·©g¢ g£‰ Ž£p£ ®p r·£o«’ˆ£¡¬¸
g£‰ Ž£p£ ®p ‚Š¡g”|¸Ž‰p¨ Š¥} ‰·”ˆhË£ƒŒl§”lŽ£ˆ¨gj»ˆ£®’¸
¬}·~¸£g£‰ Ž£p£ ®p ‚Š¡g”|Ž¸ ‰‘p¨ Š}¥ gʼn·”ˆhË£ƒŒl§”lŽ£ˆ‘¨j
ˆ£®’¸ ”¢}}‡£…¢Ço’ˆ|«ˆÆ§”Ž·£­|‰Ž¥~ij”o«’}¨¨gj»¬Œ¡«’}¨‘¨jgňi
«…i‰o g£‰ Ž£p£ ®p «·£hÇh¢

…Š¡…¨€«p¸£…Š¡”ol»«‚½h‰”|¬’·o‚Žo‚Š£ru»­|‰¬¸
…Š¡”ol»Šo¬h¡hË£®’¸«”£«’}¨‘¨jŠŠp¨Œo®h g£‰ Ž£p£ ®p ¬Œ¡
…Š¸”ˆg¢hh¢ÇhgÅ«·£g¢g£Š¯Œ·«’}¨¨gj» l§” «’}¨¨gj»¬Œ¡«’}¨‘¨j
‰·”ˆ”‰©·lhŒ¡¬ƒhg «ˆÆ§”«’}¨‘¨j«j¸£ˆ£|¢h «’}¨¨gj»gŅ·£‰¯‚
­|‰Ë£h”ohÇi …¦o«’Åh¯|¸Ž·£ g£‰ Ž£p£ ®p hÆi¬’Œ¡ «‚½h}¢Ž
‚Š¡g”«’}¨‚Š¡g”ƒŒ lŽ£ˆ‘¨jlŽ£ˆ¨gj»®h‘·ŽhiÆ«‚½h«’}¨
¬Œ¡«‚½hƒŒ ¯ˆ·«Œ§”gŽ·£lŽ£ˆ‘¨jlŽ£ˆ¨gj»r¢Çh®|± lŽ£ˆ‘¨jŽ·£
­|‰‘·Žh‘©o‘¨| l§” …Š¡h¥……£h gʼn·”ˆ«‚½h¯‚®h g£‰ Ž£p£ ®p
h«iÆ ”o

ÁÃ

iŒ Ë£’h¸£iÆgË£g¢g£‰g¢Ž£p£ Ë£g£‰g¢Ž£p£®’¸
«‚½h‘¨pŠ}¥ ¨g«ˆ§Æ”

‘ˆ£€¥ Ë£’h£¸ gÆi £Ë g¢®p £Ë ®p®’¸Š‘¥ ¨€”¥Ê ‰©«· ‘ˆ”
‚¼uu£ Ë£’h¸£iÆ}¢|”¨‚‘ŠŠlj”oiŒ¬Œ¡‘ˆ£€¥ ”¨|-
’h¨h®’¸Œi ¬Œ¡‘ˆ£€j¥ ‰£‰}¢Ž¯|¸«}ňÆi
«ˆ§Æ”iŒ¬Œ¡‘ˆ£€¥«}ňiƬŒ¸Ž gŒ¢}¢Ž«‚½h”ol»”¨|’h¨h
‚¼uu£ ‚¼uu£j‰£‰}¢Ž¯|¸«}ňÆi¬Œ¸ŽlŽl¨ˆg¢h«‚½h”ol»€ŠŠˆ
”ol»‘¨pŠ¥} g£‰ Ž£p£ ®p j”oƒ¸©|Ë£«h¥h«r·hhiÇ «‚½h€ŠŠˆ¢Ço}¢Ž
«‚½h‘¨pŠ}¥ ¬Œ¡ƒŒ«Œ£· glÅ ”§ lŽ£ˆ‘¨j”¢h‰Æ¥o
Ž·£­|‰’Œ¢gg£ŠlŠ”ori… ­…€¥‚¼gj¥‰€ŠŠˆ«‚½h’Œ¢g«”g
ˆi£o«|i‰Ž«·£hÇiiƁŠ¥‘¨€¥Ê¬¸ Š¥‘¨€Ê¥¢Ço‘·Žh«’}¨¬Œ¡‘·ŽhƒŒ
¯ˆˆ· ig£Š«‰i |«‰i “}h¬Œ¡ƒ”¸© h§Æ ‚h”‰®©· hj”¸ ‚w¥ }¢ h¥ Çi
¬}·gŒ¢}Šog¢hj¸£ˆ ƒ¸©|Ë£«h¥hriŽ¥}}£ˆ’Œ¢ghiÇ«‚½hƒ©¸¯ˆ·
|©’ˆ¥Æh}h «‚½hƒ¸©Š¢g}h­|‰~©g£o ¬Œ¡«‚½hƒ©¸‘o«lŠ£¡’»}h|¸Ž‰
}h«”o }£ˆ’Œ¢giÆpŠ¥o¬¸‰·”ˆ‚Š£gwŽ·£ ƒ¸©Ë£¬g·}h«r·h¯Š‰·”ˆ
Ë£¬g·ƒ©¸”Ƨh«r·hhÇ¢h «…Š£¡q¡h¢ÇhgŒˆ£‰lŽ£ˆŽ·£ ƒ©¸hÇ¢h¯ˆ·|©’ˆ¥Æh
ƒ”©¸ h§Æ Š¢g«…Ƨ”hŠŽ· ˆ­Œg­|‰~©g£o ¬Œ¡‘o«lŠ£¡’»ƒ”¸© h§Æ ­|‰€ŠŠˆ
g£ŠhË£}hj”o}h®’¸g¸£ŽjǦh‘©·’Œ¢g€ŠŠˆ«‚½h«ˆ}}£”‰·£o
‚Š¡«‘Š¥x ƒ©¸ŠŠŒ¨~¦olŽ£ˆ‘¨j}£ˆji|j”og£Š‚w¥¢}¥‰·”ˆ¯ˆ·h¥Æo
|©|£‰ p¡h¥Æo|©|£‰”‰·£o¯Š¯|¸«Œ·£!®h«ˆÆ§”ˆ”o¯‚£o¯’hgÅ«p”¡¬}·
«…”Ƨ hg¢hgË£Œo¢ Š¸”o¯’¸lŠŽulŠ£o‘¥Çh’Žo¢ ®hriŽ}¥

ÁÄ

¬}·lŠ¢Çh¬Œ¸Ž«j£gŒ¢Ž«Š£¡«‘i‰ogŠ¸£Ž h¢Æhˆ¥®r·”§Æh¯gŒ
«…”Ƨ h«Š£ ­”!«…Æ”§ h«Š£ «j£gË£Œ¢o¸£g¢h”‰·£ojh£h®’u· «j£p¡
qig«h§Ç”g¢hg¥h®h¯ˆ·r¸£ ¯ˆ·ƒ¥|g¢hg¢…Žg«Š§”¬}giƌ·”oŒ”‰¯‚}£ˆ
gŠ¡¬‘Š»hËÇ£«lň Ç¢o’¥Ž Ç¢ogŠ¡’£‰ ¢ÇogŒ¢Ž‡¢‰ ¯ˆ·ˆig£Šr·Ž‰
r¡h¥|®|Æi‚Š¡«‘Š¥x«·£g¢g£ŠriÇ£o¬’·olŽ£ˆ‘¨j s¦Æo‰¢oƒ¸©|Ë£«h¥h
}£ˆ®’‘¸ Ç¥h’¥Ž ‘Ç¥hgŠ¡’£‰ ‘Ç¥h’Ž£|gŒ¢Ž ¨glhˆi}h«‚½hiƅ¦Æo¬g·
}h «Š£p¡Š””£‰¢ ”o¥ gh¢ hhÇ¢ «‚h½ j”oÆih·£’¢Ž«Š£¡

g£Šr·Ž‰}h‚Š¡g”|¸Ž‰«ˆ}}£q¢h®| g£Šr·Ž‰ƒ¸©”ƧhgÅ
‚Š¡g”|¸Ž‰«ˆ}}£q¢hh¢Çh ƒ©¸r·Ž‰Æi«}ň|¸Ž‰€ŠŠˆ«r·hhiÇ ¯ˆ·¯|¸’Ž¢o
lŽ£ˆ}”¬h‚Š¡g£Š®|«Œ‰ «‚½hƒ¸©r·Ž‰Æi¯|¸«‘i‰‘Œ¡…Š¸”ˆ¬Œ¸Ž
¬Œ¡«|Å|j£| ˆ¥¯|¸’ŽÆ¢h’Š§”‰·h‰·”}·”‘¥Æo®|¢Ço‘¥Çh hiÆl§” riŽ¥}j”o
ƒr¸© ¡h¡}h

…Š¡Šˆ£‘|£¯|¸Šor·Ž‰«j£«”o”‰·£o¯Š «j£p¢g|Ë£«h¥h
}£ˆ…Š¡‚w¥‚£”¢hh¢Çh «…§Æ””¡¯Š «…§Æ”lŽ£ˆg}¢ua©!g}¢ua©!
g}¢ua©!…Š¡…¨€«p¸£Šo«‚½h¨……g£Šij”or£Ž­Œgƒ¸©¯ˆ·ˆi®lŠp¡
«‚Ši‰¯|¸ «‚½h…Š’ˆj”o­Œg ƒ©¸¯ˆ·‘h”ol¨{…Š¡”ol»”‰·£ohÇi p¡
‘h”o”‰·£o¯Š«Œ·£?j””¨¥ ’Š§”po”¨¥riŽ¥}¢Ço’ˆ| «…§Æ”}h
«…Ƨ”ƒ”©¸ §hÆ «…Ƨ”…Š¡ŠˆlŠ©«p¸£j”o«Š£«~|¥

ÁÅ

L7=V 12T; s

j¸”gvj”o£o®p¢ol¢”‰·©«}ňiƎ·£ ~¸£lh«Š£«‘i‰‘}¥gÅ
«‚½hlh¸£«·£hÇ¢h«”o «·£Æi‘}¥€ŠŠˆ|£Æiˆig¢h”‰·©Æ¢Ž¯‚hÇi «‚½h‘}¥
…”‚³”og¢hˆ¥®’¸«Š£«‚½h¸£g¢h«·£hÇ¢h «…Š£¡q¡h¢Çh ‘}¥p¦o«‚½h
}¢Ž«”g‘Ë£’Š¢g£Š¬g¸lŽ£ˆ¸£Æi¯ˆ·Š©¸}¢Žj”o…Žg«Š£¯|¸«‚½h”‰·£o|i
­|‰…‰£‰£ˆ‚Œ©g‘}¥hÆ¢h«”o®’¸ˆijǦh®h}¢Ž«Š£®’¸ˆ£giƑ¨|ph‘¨|ji|
iÆ«Š£p¡‘£ˆ£Š~‚Œ©g lŽ£ˆ¸£ lŽ£ˆ’Œo gÅl§” ‘}¥¯ˆ·«}ň ~¸£
‘}«¥ }ň¬Æi ŒŽ¸ lŽ£ˆ£¸ lŽ£ˆ’Œog¨ ‘o¥Æ gŅŒh¢ ’£‰¯‚

…Š¡Šˆ£‘|£Šo¬‘|oŽ·£ “g£Š«pŠ¥u‘}¥®’¸ˆ¢Æhlo”
«‚½h£o«|i‰Ž«·£h¢ÇhÆiË£¨llŒƒ©¸«pŠ¥u®’¸~¦o…Š¡h¥……£h¯|¸ Šo
«Ši‰gŽ¥€ig£Šh¢ÇhŽ·£ “‘}¥‚¼wx£h”l§” g£Š|Ë£Šo‘}¥®’¸ˆ¢ÆhhÆ¢h«”o
g£Š¬‘|o‘}¥‚¼wx£hhiÇ …Š¡”ol»Šo«’Åh”Ë£h£p‚Š¡­‰rh»
h£h£‚Š¡g£Š |¢o}·”¯‚hÇi

—.‘}Ò}£hË Ž¥‘¨Ҁ¥‰£ «…Ƨ”lŽ£ˆŠ¥‘¨€¥Êj”o‘¢}Ž»
o¢Ç ’Œ£‰

˜.­‘g‚Š¥«Ž£hË ‘ˆ}¥gÒgˆ£‰ «…§Æ”g¸£ŽŒ·Žo«‘i‰s¦Æo
lŽ£ˆ­g¬Œ¡lŽ£ˆŠÆ£Ë ¯Š

™.¨gÒj­ˆh‘Ò‘£hË ”}Ò~oÒlˆ£‰ «…Ƨ”lŽ£ˆ”¢‘|ol}
j”olŽ£ˆg¨ j¬» Œ¡­ˆh‘¢

š.a£‰‘Ò‘ ”€l¥ ˆ£‰ «…”§Æ ŠŠŒ¨€ŠŠˆ«lŠ”§Æ oŠ©¸

ÁÆ

›.h¥…Ò…£h‘‘Ò ‘pqÒ ¥gŠ¥ ‰¥ £‰ «…§”Æ £Ë …Š¡h…¥ …£h®’¬¸ p¸o®p

g£Š|Ë£Šo‘}¥iÆ~©g}¸”o …Š¡”ol»Šo}Š¢‘¯Ž¸®hx£h š
‚Š¡g£Š l§”

—.g£‰ l§” Š©‚Š·£o ŠŽˆ¢Ço”Ž¢‰Ž¡‡£‰h”g‡£‰®hj”o
}h¬Œ¡ƒ¸©”hƧ

˜.«Žh£ lŽ£ˆ«‘Ž‰”£Šˆ{»iÆ«‚½h‘¨j«‚½h¨gj» ˆ¥®r·
g¨ j»ˆ®¥ r‘· j¨ iˆÆ i”‰·©®h}h¬Œ¡ƒ¸©”h§Æ

™.p¥}}» l§” lŽ£ˆl¥|h¦gÆiŽÆ¥o¯‚®hlŽ£ˆ|i¬Œ¡lŽ£ˆr¢ÆŽ
j”o}h¬Œ¡ƒ©¸”§hÆ

š.€ŠŠˆ l§” ‘Æ¥oÆig¢Çhp¥}}»ˆ¥®’¸ŠŠŒ¨l¨{lŽ£ˆ|i Ç¢oÆiˆi
®h}h¬Œ¡ƒ©¸”h§Æ

g£ŠgË£’h|®hx£hÇ¢o š ‚Š¡g£ŠhiÇ ˆ¥¯|¸’ˆ£‰lŽ£ˆŽ·£
p¡}¸”oŠŽˆgË£’h|Ç¢o š ¬}·’ˆ£‰lŽ£ˆŽ·£}¸”ogË£’h|¯‚iŒ¡
”£g£Š «r·h g£‰ˆi”£g£Š ™˜ ‚Š¡g£Š ˆiƒˆ«‚½h}¸h «Š£gÅ}¸”o
gË£’h|}£ˆ¯‚®h”£g£Š«’Œ·£h¢Çh}£ˆŒË£|¢¯‚ ¬}·~¦o”‰·£o¯ŠgÅ
}£ˆ «Š£lŽŠŠ£¯Ž¸Ž·£ «§Ç”o}¸hi«|i‰Žj”og£Š«pŠ¥u‘}¥‚¼wx£h
}¸”oˆ¨o· «…§Æ”lŽ£ˆ‘o®p†Æi ³o¨ ‘Š£¸ hi«Æ Š‰i gŽ£· “‘ˆ~¡”«‘‰i g·”h

Œ¢g{¡j”o‘ˆ~¡gÅl§” g£ŠgË£’h|®p®hx£h®|x£h’h¦Æo
®’¸®pƒ©g¬h·h”‰·©®hx£hhÇ¢h± «Ši‰gŽ·£ “«”glÒl}£”l§” ~¦olŽ£ˆ
«‚h½ p¥}}«» Œ¥|Žo«|i‰Ž

‘}¥‚¼wx£h®h‘·Žh‘ˆ~¡iƈƢhlo«‚½h€ŠŠˆ«”g }¸”o
‚Š¡g”|¸Ž‰Œg¢ {¡ ™ ‚Š¡g£Š l§”

ÁÇ

—.”£}£‚c ˆli Ž£ˆ…‰£‰£ˆˆÆh¢ loˆ·¨o«…§Æ”Ë£Œ£‰g«¥ Œ
˜.‘ˆÒ‚r£­h ˆi‘¢ˆ‚r¢uu¡Š¸©Ž·£}¢Ž‚Š¡g”|¸Ž‰‘}¥
¬Œ¡ˆ·¨o£Ë Œ£‰g«¥ Œ
™.‘}ˆ¥ £ «‚½hƒˆ¸© i‘}¥ Š¥‘¨ €¥Ê ‚Š¡g”|Ž¸ ‰”¨«gj£
Œ¢g{¡Ç¢o ™ ‚Š¡g£ŠhÇi «‚½hŒ¢g{¡j”o‘ˆ£€¥r¢Çh«”g
«‚½h‰”|j”o‘ˆ~¡®h‘·Žh«‚½h¯‚«…§Æ”lŽ£ˆŠ©¸¬p¸o «’ÅhpŠ¥o s¦Æo
«Ši‰gŽ·£ “u£{¢‘‘h¡”ŠŽˆl¨{Æi‚Š¡«‘Š¥xj”ogË£Œ¢op¥}}»Æi
‚Š¡g”|Ž¸ ‰€ŠŠˆ«r·hhÇi ˜ ‚Š¡g£Š l§”
—.”‡¥rÒt£ £Ë Œ£‰lŽ£ˆ«…o· «ŒÅo®hƒ©¸”Ƨh¬Œ¡‘ˆ¢}¥j”o
ƒ”¸© Ƨh
˜.­ˆh‘‘Ò Ë £Ë Œ£‰lŽ£ˆˆŽ¢ ’ˆ”oj”o®p«‘i‰¯|¸
‘}¥‚¼wx£h ¬‘|o£o|Ë£«h¥h~¦olŽ£ˆ…¸h¨gj»|¸Ž‰lŽ£ˆ
«‚½hƒ©¸ˆi‘}¥«‚½h®’u· «‚½hƒ©¸Š¥©Š{»|¸Ž‰‘}¥ ®hj¸”lŽ£ˆÆi‚Š£gw
”‰·h© h¢Ç ¬o· ‚Š¡«‡j”og£Š‚w¥ ¢}¥¯|¸«‚h½ ˜ ‚Š¡g£Š l§”
—.‘}¥iÆ|Ë£Šo”‰·©®h”ol»j”o‘}¥‚¼wx£h¬Œ¸ŽË£®p®’¸‘o
«‚h½ “‘ˆ~¡”
˜.‘}¥iƂŠ¡g”g¢®p‘o|i¬Œ¸ŽgË£’h|Š¸©}£ˆx£h
«’Œ£· h¢hÇ }£ˆlŽ£ˆ«‚h½ pŠo¥ «‚½h “Ž¥‚¼‘‘h£”
j¸”lŽ£ˆiƂŠ£gwˆ£¬Œ¸Ž { «Ç§”o}¸hhÇ¢h«Ši‰gŽ·£
“‘ˆ~¡”«…Š£¡«‚½h¬}·«…i‰op¥}}»Æi‘o «}Ši‰ˆ}¢Ž«…§Æ”lŽ£ˆ
gË£’h|Š©¸’Š§”«…§Æ”lŽ£ˆl¸hlŽ¸£«·£h¢Çh }·”¯‚hÇiŽ·£|¸Ž‰g£Š«pŠ¥u

ÁÈ

Ž¥‚¼‘‘h£}·”j”oƒ¸©«pŠ¥u‘}¥‚¼wx£hr¢Çh‘ˆ~¡‘Ë£«ŠÅp|i¬Œ¸Ž «‚½hg£Š
g¸£Ž’h£¸ «|h¥ }·”¯‚”ig

$TE$Tl M;67TC

«ˆ§Æ”ˆip¥}}»‚Š¡g”|¸Ž‰‘}¥¬Œ¡‘¢ˆ‚r¢uu¡Š¥‘¨€¥Ê|i¬Œ¸Ž
h¸”ˆp¥}}»¯‚«…§Æ”g£ŠgË£’h|x£h¢Ço š l§” g£‰ «Žh£ p¥}}»
€ŠŠˆ ®’¸Š¸©lŽ£ˆpŠ¥oÇ¢o’ˆ|j”ox£h«’Œ·£hÇ¢h ¬Œ¡}¸”o«j¸£®pŽ·£
g£ŠgË£’h|}£ˆhÇ¢h}¸”o~§”’Œ¢gÆiŽ·£ gË£’h|}£ˆ”£g£Š”¢h’hƦo
®h”£g£Š¢oÇ ’ˆ|Æiˆi‚Š£gw”‰©·«‘ˆ”¯‚iŒ¡”£g£Š

—.g£Ë ’h|}£ˆx£hÆi«‚h½ ‡£‰®h
˜.gË£’h|}£ˆx£h«iÆ ‚h½ ‡£‰h”g
™.gË£’h|«i‰g¢hoÇ¢ ‡£‰®h¬Œ¡‡£‰h”g
‘gŒg£‰j”o«Š£«”o¯|¸rƧ”Ž·£‡£‰®h ‘gŒg£‰j”oƒ©¸”§Æh¯|¸
rƔ§ Ž·£‡£‰h”g «ˆ§Æ”gË£’h|}£ˆx£hÇ¢o š l§” g£‰ «Žh£ p¥}}»
€ŠŠˆ ¬}·Œ¡”‰·£o± Æiˆi”‰©·®h‘gŒg£‰j”o}h|i¬Œ¸Ž …¦ogË£’h|
}£ˆx£h¢Ço š «’Œ·£h¢hÇ ¬}·Œ¡”‰·£o± ˆiÆ ”i ‰©·®h‘gŒg£‰j”oƒ©¸”§Æh
}·”¯‚ lŠÇ¢hgË£’h|}£ˆ ˜ «oƧ”hhÇiŠ¥‘¨€¥Ê|i¬Œ¸Ž ®’¸h¸”ˆ«”£x£h
«’Œ·£h¢Çh¢ÇoiƂŠ£gw®h}h¬Œ¡ƒ¸©”Ƨhˆ£«i‰«li‰og¢h|©phŠ¸©
‚Š¡pg¢ »r¢|Ž·£ “ˆli Ž£ˆ«‚½h¯‚”‰£· o«|i‰Žgh¢ ”l§” p¡|©j”o«j£gÅ
«’ˆ§”hj”o«Š£ |©j”o«Š£gÅ«’ˆ§”hj”o«j£ ­|‰«o§Æ”h«’Œ·£hiÇ
‚Š¡r¨ˆŒo®hŒ¢g{¡ ™ ‚Š¡g£Š l§” “”h¥pÒpË ¯ˆ·«iƉo ¨gjË

¿

«‚½h¨gj» ”h}Ò}£ ˆ¥®r·}h”rƧ”Ž·£gË£’h|«’ÅhÇ¢o‡£‰®h¬Œ¡
‡£‰h”g

$TE$Tl M;698gW $[ 7O *

—.}¸”oˆi‘}¥gË£’h|Š©¸Ž£· ‘oÆ¥ «’Œ£· hÇ¢hˆi”‰’·© Š”§ ¯ˆ·
˜.lŽ£ˆŠ¸©hÇ¢h«‚½h¬}·‘¢gŽ·£lŽ£ˆŠ¸© ”‰·£®’¸¯’Ž}£ˆ‘¥Æo-
®|± Ç¢o‘Çh¥
™.‘}¥gÅ®’¸«‚½h¬}·‘¢gŽ·£‘}¥ ”‰·£®’¸’Œo†¼¾h«†e”h}£ˆ
”£g£Šj”og¨ ‘oÆ¥
š.Š¡Ž¢o®pˆ¥®’¸”£¢‰”‰·© }|¥ ”‰·®© h‘¥Æo«’Œ·£h¢hÇ
›.¯ˆ·‰|¦ ˆÆh¢ ‘¥Æo¢Ço’ˆ|Ž·£«‚½h«Š£’Š§”«‚½hj”o«Š£
oÇ¢ › j¸”hiÇ h¢ Ž·£«‚½h’Œ¢g®’u·j”oƒ©¸«pŠ¥uŽ¥‚¼‘‘h£}£ˆ
’Œg¢ j”o‘}‚¥ ¼wx£h

'ITC_%T b+b;L7V=1 2T;

‘}¥‚¼wx£h l§” g£Š|Ë£Šo‘}¥®hx£h š ”‰·£o l§” g£‰
«Žh£ p¥}}» €ŠŠˆ ~¸£’£g«Š£|©¬}·«…i‰o«ƒ¥h± gÅp¡«’ÅhŽ·£r·£o
‰£g«‘‰i pŠo¥ ± ˆi}Ç¢o š ”‰·£o Ë£”‰·£o¯Šp¦op¡’ˆ|g¢h‘¢gi ¬}·…¦o
«j¸£®pŽ·£ €ŠŠˆj”o…Š¡…¨€«p¸£iƅŠ¡”ol»Šo¬‘|o¯Ž¸¬Œ¸Žh¢Çh
¬‘|o¯Ž¸®’¸…Žg«Š£…£g¢h|Ë£«h¥h}£ˆ ~¸£«‚½hj”oÆiˆh¨‰»«r·h…Žg
«Š£|Ë£«h¥h}£ˆ¯ˆ·¯|¸¬Œ¸Ž €ŠŠˆj”o…Š¡…¨€«p¸£gÅ«‚½h¬}·‘¢gŽ·£

ÂÀ

€ŠŠˆ«·£hÇ¢h p¡¯ˆ·…¦o®’¸ƒŒ«‚½h “h¥‰‰£h¥g¡”l§” hË£‘¢}Ž»®’¸…¸h
p£glŽ£ˆg¨ j»¯|¸

¬}·ƒ¸©iÆ|Ë£«h¥h}£ˆ£oÆi…Š¡”ol»Šo¬‘|ohÇi ¯|¸~¦olŽ£ˆ
…¸h¨gj»¯‚¬Œ¸Žˆ£gˆ£‰ ‰·”ˆ«‚½h”ol»…¡‰£h‘·”®’¸«’ÅhŽ·£«‚½h
j”o¯ˆ·«’Œ§”Ž¥‘¢‰«‚½h¬h· ¬Œ¡«Š£¨glhgÅ}¸”o|Ë£«h¥h}£ˆ£o”¢hhiÇ
«rh· «|i‰Žg¢h ¯ˆ·…o¦ ”¸ ~”‰¬ˆ¸¬}h· ”¸ ‰

x£h¢Ço š l§” g£‰ «Žh£ p¥}}» €ŠŠˆ «‚½hj”o
}·”«h§Æ”o~¦og¢h«‚½hŒË£|¢ ˆ¥®r·«‚½hj”o}¢Ço”‰·©­||«|iƉŽ sƦolŽ£ˆ
pŠ¥o‚Š£gwŽ£· «ˆÆ§”Š¸©g£‰¬Œ¸ŽgÅp¢gŠ©¸«Žh£ Š¸©«Žh£¬Œ¸ŽgÅp¢gŠ©¸p¥}}»
Š¸©p¥}}»¬Œ¸ŽgŊ©¸€ŠŠˆ x£hÇ¢o š hinj¡«”i‰|‰¥ÆojǦh¯‚«‚½hŒË£|¢ ‘·Žh
g£‰«‚½h‘·Žh’‰£gŽ·£«…Ƨ”h ¬Œ¡«’Åh¯|¸o·£‰p¦op¢|«‚½h}¸h£o
j”og£Š«pŠu¥ ‘}¥‚¼wx£h

O<EC_@OYg LC8R

~¸£«Š£Š©¸p¢ggË£’h|x£h¢Ço š ¯|¸­|‰…Š¸”ˆˆ©Œ®h
j{¡«|‰i Žgh¢ p¡«‚½hj”o‚Š¡«‘Š¥x¯ˆ·h¸”‰ ¬Œ¡«‚½hlŽ£ˆpŠ¥o x£h
o¢Ç š ŠŽˆg¢h«‚½h “«”g£‰hˆŠŠl”l§” «‚½h£o”¢h«|i‰Žˆ¥®r· š
£o ~¸£«Š£Š©¸p¢ggË£’h|¯|¸…Š¸”ˆÇ¢o š ¬Œ¸ŽgË£’h|¬‰giŒ¡
”£g£Š|¢o¯|¸gŒ·£Ž¬Œ¸Ž { «Ç§”o}¸h «‚½hlŽ£ˆ‘Ë£«ŠÅp}£ˆh¢‰iÆ
gŒ·£ŽŽ·£ˆi £o«|‰i Ž

’Ž¢ ®p h¢Ž£· «‚½h’Œ¢g‘Ë£l¢uj”og£Š«pŠ¥u‘}¥‚¼wx£h l§”
’¢Ž®p«‚h½ h© ‰g» Œ£oj”ox£hoÇ¢ š

ÂÁ

—.Ž·£­|‰g£‰ ’Ž¢ ®pgÅp¢|«‚h½ g£‰‘Ž· h’hƦo
˜.Ž·£­|‰«Žh£ ®pgÅ«‚½hƒ©¸gË£’h|Š©¸lŽ£ˆ«‘Ž‰”£Šˆ{»
o¢Ç ’ˆ|
™.Ž·£­|‰p¥}}» ®pg«Å ‚h½ }h¸ «’}j¨ ”olŽ£ˆl|¥ h¦g
š.Ž·£­|‰€ŠŠˆ ®pgÅ«‚h½ }Ž¢ }¢oÇ «‚h½ ‚Š¡€£hj”o€ŠŠˆ

«…Š£¡q¡h¢Çh ’Œ¢g­|‰‰·”j”og£Š«pŠ¥u‘}¥‚¼wx£hp¦oˆi
¬}·«…i‰oŽ·£ “…¦ogË£’h|®p®’¸”‰©·Æi®p”«·£hÇ¢h«”o «ˆ§Æ”®pgË£’h|
”‰·©Æi®p|i¬Œ¸Ž p¢ggË£’h|Š¸© g£‰ «Žh£ p¥}}» €ŠŠˆ ¯|¸­|‰r”
¬Œ¡­|‰o·£‰ «hǔ§ lŽ£ˆiÆgŒ·£Ž¯Ž¸®h}”h}¸hŽ·£ “®’¸gË£’h|¯‚iŒ¡
”£g£Š”hÇ¢h ‰¢o¯ˆ·¬p·ˆ|i j”®’¸«j¸£®pŽ·£ ~¸£‘}¥g¢®p¯ˆ·‚Š¡g”
g¢h«‘i‰g·”h¬Œ¸Ž g£ŠŠ¡Œ¦g®hx£h}·£o± l§” g£‰ «Žh£ p¥}}»
€ŠŠˆ ¬}·Œ¡”‰·£o± iŒ¡”£g£Š gÅp¡…Œ”‰«‚½h”¢h«‘i‰¯‚|¸Ž‰
lŽ£ˆ}¢ÇoˆÆ¢hj”o‘}¥gÅp¡¯ˆ·ˆi ŠŽˆlŽ£ˆŽ·£ ~¸£¯ˆ·Ë£®p®’¸”‰·©Æi®p
«‘‰i g”· h p¡¯‚’‰¥ «”£”‰·£o”hƧ ˆ££Ë g”· h ‚Š¡­‰rh»iÆp¡…¦o¯|¸¯ˆ·
l¨¸ˆg¢«ŽŒ£ŒiÆ Ž· o¯‚

¬}·«…i‰og£Š”Šˆ®p®’¸‘o«‚½h‘ˆ~¡}£ˆ’Œ¢gj”o
‘}¥‚¼wx£hgůˆ·ˆ£gˆ£‰”¡¯Šh¢g j{¡®|«Š£gË£’h| g£‰ «Žh£
p¥}}» €ŠŠˆ ¯|¸®hj{¡«|i‰Žg¢h j{¡h¢Çh®pgÅp¡}Ç¢o‘oˆ¢Æh«‚½h
‘¢ˆˆ£‘ˆ£€¥ l§” «‚½h‘ˆ£€¥Æi~©g}¸”o gË£p¢|”‡¥rt£¬Œ¡­ˆh¢‘¯|¸
­|‰¯ˆ·‰£g ~¸£‰¢o’Œo¯Œ·iŒ¡”£g£Š”‰·© ~¦o®pp¡‘ogʼn¢ogË£p¢|
”‡¥rt£¬Œ¡­ˆh¢‘¯ˆ·¯|¸ g£ŠgË£’h|x£h¢Ço š |¸Ž‰®p®hj{¡
«|‰i Žj”o‘ˆ~¡glÅ §”

ÂÂ

—.Š¸©Ž£· }hg£Ë Œo¢ Ë£«…Åu€ŠŠˆ”‰·©|¸Ž‰”Š¥ ¥‰£~®|
˜.«ŽŒ£«‘Ž‰«Žh£”¡¯ŠgŊ©¸
™.«ŽŒ£h¢hÇ p}¥ }» Š‘¥ ¨€Ê¥ gŠÅ Ž©¸ £· p¥}}» Š‘¥ ¨ €Ê¥
š.Š©¸Ž·£}hˆip¥}}»‚Š£p£g«lŠÆ§”o’¸£ˆ «r·h g£ˆq¢h»
l”§ lŽ£ˆ…”®p®hg£ˆ «‚½h}¸h
‘ˆ~¡Æi«‚½h¯‚«r·hhiÇp¢|«‚½h‘ˆ~¡r¢Çh«”gˆilŽ£ˆ«j¸ˆ¬jÅo
«}Ši‰ˆ…Š¸”ˆ«…Ƨ”«j¸£‘©·‘h£ˆŠË£‘olŠ£ˆg¢g¥«Œ ¬Œ¡l¸hlŽ¸£
’£j¸£¦giƬ”¬„o”‰©·®hŠ¥«Ž{j”o}h …¦o”Šˆ®’¸«g¥|ˆij¦Çh®h
}h«‘i‰g”· h ”‰£· |·Žh “‘¨gg”· h’·£ˆ”p¡Œ£Ë £g®p

O<EC_@OgY I=V L L;T

«ˆÆ§”g£Š”Šˆ«…§Æ”‘ˆ~¡«‚½h¯‚­|‰«Ši‰Š¸”‰¬Œ¸Ž
}·”p£gh¢Çhp¡}¸”o«‚½hŽ£Š¡j”og£Šl¸hlŽ¸£x£h¡¢Ço š ®’¸«j¸£®p
r¢|}£ˆ«’}¨¬Œ¡ƒŒÆi«‚½hpŠ¥o g£ŠŠŽŠŽˆgË£Œ¢o®piÆ«‚½h”ol»
‘ˆ~¡ l§”‘oŠŽˆg¢h«‚½h”ol»”¢h«|i‰Ž®’¸ˆi”‰·©«‘ˆ”}Œ”|«ŽŒ£
j”og£Šl¸hlŽ¸£h¢Çh‰·”ˆ«‚½hj”o‚Š¡«‘Š¥x «…Š£¡«ˆ§Æ”p¥}}»ˆigË£Œ¢o
ˆ£g g£Šl¸hlŽ¸£‰·”ˆ¯ˆ·Š©¸‘¦gŒË££g ¬Œ¡‰·”ˆ«‚½h«’}¨®’¸«Š£
lh¸ lŽ¸£’£«’}¨ƒŒiÆ«‚½hpŠ¥o¯|­¸ |‰¯ˆ·«lŒ”Ƨ hlŒ£|p£glŽ£ˆpŠ¥o

’Œ¢gj”olŽ£ˆpŠ¥oÆip¡}¸”ol¸hlŽ¸£®’¸‚Š¡p¢g»r¢|¬g·®p
ˆi”‰©«· …i‰o ™ ‚Š¡g£Š l”§

—.‘…«Ò … ‘oÒj£Š£ ”hp¥ pÒ £ ‘o¢ j£Š¢Ço’ˆ|¯ˆ·«iƉo
˜.‘…Ò«… ‘ojÒ £Š£ g¨ Òj£ ‘¢oj£Š¢Ço’ˆ|«‚h½ g¨ j»

ÂÃ

™.‘…Ò«… €ˆˆÒ £ ”h}}Ò £ €ŠŠˆ¢Ço’ˆ|«‚½h”h¢}}£

g£Šl¸hlŽ¸£«‚½hg¥p‘Ë£l¢u”‰·£o‰Æ¥o ƒ¸©l¸hlŽ¸£}¸”oˆilŽ£ˆ
«…i‰Š‚Š£Š‡ˆÆ¢hlo p¦op¡‘£ˆ£Š~«j¸£®p®hŒ¢g{¡Ç¢o ™ ‚Š¡g£Š
|¢ogŒ·£Ž¬Œ¸Ž¯|¸r¢|«ph g£‰ «‚½h‘·Žh}¸”o~©gl¸hg·”hx£h¡®|±
¢Ço’ˆ| «…Š£¡«‚½h‘·Žh’‰£Æi‚g‚b|‘·ŽhŒ¡«”i‰|¯Ž¸ …¦o…¥h¥p®’¸
Š©¸r¢|Ž·£ g£‰hiLjilŽ£ˆ«g¥|j¦Çh¬Œ¸Žp¢gˆilŽ£ˆ|¢¯‚«‚½hÆi‘¨| ¬Œ¸Ž
…¦ogË£’h|®p®’«¸ ‚h½ «lŠÆ”§ oo¢ l¢ g£‰hÇ¢hŽ£· “po£Ë Œ£‰¯‚”

«ˆÆ§”‚Š£gwŽ·£g£‰Ë£Œ£‰¯‚}£ˆ”Ë£h£pj”olŽ£ˆ
gË£’h|«r·hhÇ¢h¬Œ¸Ž «Š£gÅp¢g…¥p£Š{£«’Åhx£h”§Æh± Æi«’Œ§””‰·©
l§” «Žh£ p¥}}» €ŠŠˆ }£ˆŒË£|¢ ­|‰h¸”ˆ®p¯‚Ž·£ ¬ˆ¸‘¥Æo}·£o±
iÆ«’Œ§””‰©·«’Œ·£hÇigňilŽ£ˆ|¢¯‚«‚½h€ŠŠˆ|£ ph‚Š¡p¢g»r¢|Ž·£
|¢¯‚pŠ¥o ¯ˆ·ˆi”¡¯Š«’Œ§””‰©· ¬Œ¡«g¥|lŽ£ˆŠ©¸j¦Çh®h€ŠŠˆ«’Œ·£h¢Çh
Ž·£ “‘Æ¥o®|‘Æ¥o’hƦoˆilŽ£ˆ«g¥|j¦Çh«‚½h€ŠŠˆ|£ ‘¥Æoh¢Çh¢Ço’ˆ|ˆi
lŽ£ˆ|¢ ¯‚«‚½h€ŠŠˆ|£” «ˆ§Æ”«‚½h«r·hhÇh¢ lŽ£ˆŠ¸g© Ņ¦oˆiŽ·£ “‘Æ¥o
¢Ço’ˆ|¯ˆ·…¦o‰¦|ˆ¢Æh ¯ˆ·Ž·£p¡«‚½h‘·Žhiƌ·Žo¬Œ¸Ž ’Š§”‚¼pp¨¢h
’Š§”‰o¢ ¯ˆ·ˆ£~o¦ ”

­|‰h¢‰hiÇ ‘£ˆ¢uŒ¢g{¡ l§” Œ¢g{¡Æ¢Ž¯‚j”o€ŠŠˆ¯|¸
‚Š£gw¬g·‚¼uu£p¢g¨j”oƒ©¸l¸hlŽ¸£ s¦ÆoŒ¢g{¡hÇ¢hˆiŽ·£ “‘¥Æo
«’Œ£· hÇi ¢Ço’ˆ|¯ˆ«· ‰iÆ o «‚½h¨gj» «‚½hj”oˆ®¥ r·}h”

x£h¢Ço š «’Œ·£h¢Çh g£‰«‚½h‘·ŽhŠ©‚j¢h€» «Žh£ p¥}}»
«‚½h‘·Žhh£ˆj¢h€» ŠŽˆg£‰ «Žh£ p¥}}» «j¸£|¸Ž‰g¢h«‚½h‘·Žh
€ŠŠˆj¢h€» ®h…Š¡£Œi·£hp¢|«”£h¥ŽŠ{» › Ž·£«‚½h€ŠŠˆ®hhÇi

ÂÄ

¬}·«ˆÆ§”«Š£ˆ£…¥h¥p…¥«lŠ£¡’»|©®’¸¬h·r¢||¸Ž‰®p¬Œ¸Ž gÅp¡…¦o«’Åh¯|¸
|¢ohiÇ l§” h¥ŽŠ{» › hÇ¢h «g¥|ˆijǦhlŠ”oË£p¥}}»gÅ«…Š£¡lŽ£ˆ¯ˆ·
Š¸©«·£x£h¡ ™ l§” g£‰ «Žh£ p¥}}» ~¸£«Š£«…¥g~”h‘¥Æo«’Œ·£hiÇ
””g®’¸‚Š¡p¢g»¬Œ¸ŽŠ¸©«·£}£ˆlŽ£ˆ«‚½hpŠ¥o h¥ŽŠ{»gůˆ·ˆi «…·o
­|‰h¢‰hiÇ g£‰ «Žh£ p¥}}» }£ˆ€ŠŠˆ|£«‚½hiƂŠ¡r¨ˆ«g¥|j”o
h¥ŽŠ{» ¬Œ¡‰¥ÆogŽ·£hÇ¢h p¡«Ši‰gŽ·£h¥ŽŠ{»«‘i‰«Œ‰gÅ|©«’ˆ§”hp¡¯|¸
”‰©·

­|‰«hǧ”lŽ£ˆl§” h¥ŽŠ{» ¬‚ŒŽ·£ «lŠÆ§”o’¸£ˆ ~¸£«Š£¯ˆ·Š¸©
g£‰ «Žh£ p¥}}» ¬h·r¢| gʼn·”ˆ«‚½h«lŠ§Æ”o’¸£ˆ”‰©·|i «…Š£¡«ˆ§Æ”
¯ˆ·Š¸©gŒŒo ’Œo}£ˆg£‰ }£ˆ«Žh£ }£ˆp¥}}» «‚½h·”«g¥|j”o
lŽ£ˆq¥’£‰p£glŽ£ˆ|i lŽ£ˆ«‚½hpŠ¥o «ˆÆ§”«Š£¬‰gg£‰””g
…¥p£Š{£«’Åhr¢|¬Œ¸Ž gÅp¢g«’Åh«Žh£ «ˆÆ§”«’Åh«Žh£¬Œ¸ŽgÅp¢g
«’Åhp¥}}» «ˆ§Æ”lŽ£ˆ«’Åh®hx£hÇ¢o ™ l§” g£‰ «Žh£ p¥}}»
Š¥‘¨€Ê¥|i¬Œ¸Ž g«Å ’Åh€ŠŠˆ«£· h¢Çh«”o

lË£Ž·£ «’Åh€ŠŠˆ hÇ¢h …©|¯|¸ ˜ h¢‰ h¢‰’hƦoŽ·£«’Åhx£h
¢Ço ™ Ž·£«‚½h€ŠŠˆ«lŠÆ§”o’¸£ˆ®h«ˆÆ§”¯ˆ·Š©¸«·£ ”igh¢‰’hƦo lË£Ž·£
€ŠŠˆ ¬o· ””g«‚½h ˜ ‚Š¡«‡ l§”

—.‘o¢ j}€ŠŠˆ l”§ €ŠŠˆÆ«i ‚½h¯‚|Ž¸ ‰lŽ£ˆ‚Šo¨ ¬}·o
˜.”‘o¢ j}€ŠŠˆ l”§ €ŠŠˆƯi ˆ·}¸”og£ŠlŽ£ˆ‚Šo¨ ¬}·o

g£‰ «Žh£ p}¥ }» «‚h½ ‘o¢ j}€ŠŠˆ «…Š£¡«‚½h‘Æ¥oiƂ¼pp¢‰
‚Š¨o¬}·o «ˆ§Æ”«’Åh‘¢oj}€ŠŠˆ¬Œ¸Ž gÅp¢g«’Åh”‘¢oj}€ŠŠˆ ­|‰
€ŠŠˆ¢Ço ˜ hÇi¢og¢h”‰©·®h}¢Ž «ˆ§Æ”Ë£Œ£‰‘¢oj}€ŠŠˆ®’¸‚Š£gw¬g·

ÂÅ

‚u¼ u£p¢g¬¨ Œ¸Ž gÅ«‚½h”¢h«‚b|‚Š¡}j© ”o”‘¢oj}€ŠŠˆ|¸Ž‰ q¡hÇ¢h
l£Ë Ž£· “«’hÅ €ŠŠˆ”l”§ «’hÅ o¢Ç ‘¢oj}€ŠŠˆ ¬Œ¡ ”‘¢oj}€ŠŠˆ

®h‘}¥‚¼wx£hhÇi ˆi‘¥ÆoÆih·£‘o‘¢‰”‰©·gÅl§” lË£Ž·£ p¥}}»
}”hhiDž¦o«j¸£®p¯|¸Ž·£ p¥}}»…¥p£Š{£p¥}}» p¥}}»Š¸©«·£ «ˆ§Æ”p¥}}»Š©¸«·£
‘¢oj}€ŠŠˆ¬Œ¸Ž ¯|¸gŒ¢}¢Ž~¦o”‘¢oj}€ŠŠˆ «‚½hŽ¥‘¢oj£Š ¯ˆ·«‚½h
‘¢oj£Š lŽ£ˆ¬pˆ· ¬po¸ j”o«Š§Æ”op¥}}»­‚Š|Š£®h}”· ±¯‚

LSCC=S =:T; s

‘¢ˆˆ¢‚‚€£h ¬‚ŒŽ·£ lŽ£ˆ«…i‰Šr” l§” «‚½hlŽ£ˆ
«…i‰ŠiÆ|Ë£«h¥h}Šo¯‚«…§Æ”lŽ£ˆ “…¸h¨gj»”«‚½hlŽ£ˆ«…i‰ŠiÆ
«‚½h¯‚®h£op¥}}» ˆip¥}}»«‚½h‘ˆ¨wx£h ¬Œ¡­|‰‚Š¡‘ol»q¡«…£¡
‚€£hpŠ¥‰£ l§” g£ŠË£«…Åu«…i‰ŠhÇi gÅ«…§Æ”lŽ£ˆŠ¥‘¨€Ê¥j”op¥}}»
«‚½hg£Š “|¢|p¥}}»|¸Ž‰p¥}}»”«j¸£…Š¡£ŒiiƎ·£ “”}Ò}h£
­p‰}Ò}£h”Ë s¦oÆ ¬‚Œ«‚h½ ®plŽ£ˆŽ·£ “}¢g«}”§ h}h|Ž¸ ‰}h”

‘ˆ¢ ˆ‚¢ ‚€£h ¬o· ””g«‚½h š l§”
—.…‰£‰£ˆ«…”Ƨ p¡¯ˆ®· ’”¸ g¨ Œ€ŠŠˆl§”£‚«g¥|jhǦ ®h}h
˜.…‰£‰£ˆ«…Ƨ”p¡Œ¡”g¨Œ€ŠŠˆl”§ £‚Æi«g|¥ ¬ŒŽ¸ ®h}h
™.…‰£‰£ˆ«…Æ”§ p¡«pŠ¥ug¨Œ€ŠŠˆl§”u¨ ®’¸ˆi®h}h
š.…‰£‰£ˆ«…Ƨ”p¡Š¢g£g¨Œ€ŠŠˆl§”¨uiÆ«g¥|jǦh¬Œ¸Ž
®h}h®’l¸ o”‰©·

ÂÆ

lŽ£ˆ’ˆ£‰j¸” — q¡«…£¡”g¨Œ€ŠŠˆÆiˆi”‰©·®h}h®h
‚¼pp¨¢hgňiˆ£g…”«…i‰o”‰©·¬Œ¸Ž p¦o…‰£‰£ˆ‚³”og¢h¯ˆ·®’¸”g¨Œ
r¡h¥|®’ˆ·± ˆ£”£¢‰”‰·©®h}h¯|¸”ig «…Š£¡Ž·£«ˆÆ§”…©|­|‰
p¨|ˆ·¨o’ˆ£‰ «Š£‚Š¡‘ol»lŽ£ˆŠ¥‘¨€¥Ê sƦolŽ£ˆŠ¥‘¨€Ê¥hÇ¢hp¡ˆi
¯ˆ·¯|¸®h«ˆÆ§””g¨Œ€ŠŠˆ‰¢oˆi”‰©· «…§Æ”g£Šj¢¯Œ·lŽ£ˆrÆ¢Žiƈi”‰©·®’¸
o·£‰«j¸£”ig p¦opË£«‚½h}¸”op¢|g£Š‚³”og¢hˆ¥®’¸lŽ£ˆr¢ÆŽr¡h¥|”§Æh±
ˆ£”£¢‰”‰·©¯|¸”ig g£Š‚³”og¢h‰·”ˆˆi¯|¸­|‰g£Š‘Ë£ŠŽˆ ’Š§”Š¡Ž¢o
Æi}¸h£oj”olŽ£ˆrÆ¢Žp¡«j¸£ˆ£ sƦo¯|¸¬g·g£ŠŠ¡Ž¢oÆiŽ£Š œ l§”
}£ ’© pˆg© Œ¥hÇ g£‰ ®p

lŽ£ˆ’ˆ£‰j¸” ˜ …Š¸”ˆ± g¢g£ŠŠ¡Ž¢oŽ£Š œ «Š£
}¸”op¢|g£Šj¢¯Œ·¬jg«g·£j”o«Š£””g¯‚«‘i‰|¸Ž‰ g£Šj¢¯Œ·p¡Ë£
«”¡”¡}©ˆ}£ˆ«’ˆ§”h¯Œ·r¸£o¯Œ·ˆ¸£hÇ¢h®r¸¯ˆ·¯|¸ Ž¥€ig£Šj¢¯Œ·gÅl§”
«Š£”‰·£«”£®p®‘¯· ‚¬‰¬‘g¡«j£ ®’¸«Š£Š©¸iÆ«Š£«”oŽ·£«j£‰¢oˆi”‰·© «Š£
}¸”o®r¸g£Šj¢¯Œ·ÆiŒ¡ˆ”· ˆ

‘¢ˆˆ¢‚‚€£hj¸” —-™-š «‚½h€ŠŠˆ«lŠÆ§”oj¢¯Œ·iƌ¡ˆ·”ˆ
lӤ

—.«Š£}”¸ oŠ¡Ž¢oŠ¢g£Ž£ŠoÇ¢ œ ®’¸|i ”‰·£®’¸ˆi¬jg®’ˆ·
ƒ·£h«j¸£¯‚”gi

˜.…Š¸”ˆg¢hhÇ¢h}¸”o«pŠ¥ug¨Œ s¦Æo«‚½hg£Šj¢¯Œ·”g¨Œ
”‰·©®h}¢Ž «…Š£¡g¨Œg¢”g¨Œ‰·”ˆ«gŒi‰|¬Œ¡gŒ¢Žg¢h «ˆÆ§”«Š£
‚³”og¢h£o”g¨Œ ¬}·‚Œ·”‰®’¸g¨Œ«j¸£¯‚ ¬Œ¡«ˆÆ§”«j¸£¯‚¬Œ¸Ž ¯ˆ·

ÂÇ

}”¸ o‘o‘¢‰ loˆig£ŠŠo¢ «g‰i p}·”‘©¸gh¢ j¦Çh‡£‰®hŽoj”o”g¨Œg¢g¨Œ
sÆo¦ «Š£pË£«‚h½ }¸”o‚Š¡g”|¸Ž‰€ŠŠˆj”¸ ™ ”ig}”· ¯‚

™.«ˆ§Æ”‚Œ·”‰g¨Œ«j¸£¯‚¬Œ¸Ž «Š£}¸”o…‰£‰£ˆŠ¢g£¯Ž¸
®’¸lo”‰©· ”‰·£®’¸«‘”§Æ ˆ«‘‰i ¯‚

ƒŒj”og£Š‚Š¡g”€ŠŠˆ ™ j¸”hÇi p¡«ƒŒÅ|””gˆ£
‚Š¡pg¢ «» }ňiÆ l§” ”g¨ ŒgŠ¡«|Åh””ggÅ}·”«ˆÆ§”«Š£‚Œ©gg¨Œ€ŠŠˆ
Œo®h}¢Ž«Š£«}ňÆi phˆgi £Ë Œo¢ ‘£ˆ£Š~|h¢ ”g¨ Œ€ŠŠˆ””g«‘‰i ¯|¸

‘¢ˆˆ¢‚‚€£hhÇi «Ši‰g”ig”‰·£o’h¦ÆoŽ·£ “‚€£h‘¢oj£Š”®h
«ˆÆ§”¯‚‚Š¡g”g¢€ŠŠˆ’ˆŽ|”Ƨh«j¸£ lŽ£ˆˆ·¨o’ˆ£‰Æiˆip¨|}Šo
¯‚«…Ƨ”lŽ£ˆŠ¥‘¨€Ê¥j”op¥}}»ˆi¯|¸|¸Ž‰g£Š‚Š¡g”‘¢ˆˆ¢‚‚€£h
lŽ£ˆˆ·o¨ ’ˆ£‰r¡h¥|h¢Çh«‚½h«lŠÆ§”o‚Š¨og¨Œ€ŠŠˆ‚Š¡«‡”ƧhÆi«Š£
‚Œ©gŒo®h«Š£®’¸|£Ë «hh¥ }Šo£o

“”¥€¥£g¢‘¢ˆˆ¢‚‚€£h«‚½hj”ol©·g¢h”‰·©«‘ˆ”” ­|‰
‘¢ˆˆ¢‚‚€£h«‚½h’Œ¢g®’u·iƯˆ·‰”ˆ«lŒÆ§”hiÆ ”¥€¥£gÅ«‚½h¯‚
}£ˆ‘ˆ¢ ˆ‚¢ ‚€£hh¢hÇ

}£ˆ€ŠŠˆ|£”¥€¥ £ ~¸£}£ˆŒË£…¢o¯ˆ·ˆip¨|’ˆ£‰”£pp¡
«‚½h¯‚®h£o|igů|¸ £orÆ¢Žgů|¸ ¬Œ¡«‚½hl¨{«lŠÆ§”o®’¸‘Ë£«ŠÅp
‘ˆ‚Š¡‘ol»®h‘¥Æo«’Œ·£h¢Çh «…§Æ”‚Š¨o”¥€¥£®’¸}Šo£o ƒ¸©‚w¥¢}¥
ˆ·¨olŽ£ˆ…¸h¨gj»p¦opË£«‚½h}¸”oˆi‘¢ˆˆ¢‚‚€£h l§”lŽ£ˆˆ¨·o’ˆ£‰
«…§Æ”Ž¥‘¨ €¥«‚½h’Œ¢g‘Ë£lu¢ ”gi |Ž¸ ‰

~§”«”£lŽ£ˆ­|‰‰·”j”o‘¢ˆˆ¢‚‚€£h gÅl§” “«…i‰ŠgË£p¢|
£‚”¬Œ¡ “«…i‰Š‚Œ©g¨u”«·£h¢Çh«”o j¸”hilj·”ˆ«‚½h«lŠ§Æ”o

ÂÈ


Click to View FlipBook Version