Social Psychology

Klinger, E. (1987, October). e power of daydreams. Kolata, G. (2003, February 25). Genetic revolution: Kramer, M. S., Aboud, F., Mironova, E., Vanilovich,
Psychology Today. How much, how fast? The New York Times, D7. I., Platt, R. W., Matush, L., Igumnov, S.,
Fombonne, E., Bogdanovich, N., Ducruet, T.,
Klomegah, R. Y. (2007, June). Predictors of academic Kolata, G. (2006, July 11). A tale of two drugs hints at Collet J., Chalmers, B., Hodnett, E., Davidovsky,
performance of university students: An application promise for genetic testing. The New York Times. S., Skugarevsky, O., Trofimovich, O., Kozlova,
of the goal efficacy model. College Student Journal. L., & Shapiro, S. (2008). Breastfeeding and child
Kolata, G. (2007, May 8). Genes take charge, and diets cognitive development. Archives of General
Kluger, J. (2003, January 20). Masters of denial. Time. fall by the wayside. The New York Times. Psychiatry, 65, 578−584.
Kluger, J. (2005, April 4). Secrets of the shy. Time,
Kolb, B., & Taylor, L. (2000). Facial expression, emo- Krause, J., Lalueza-Fox, C., Orlando, L., Enard, W.,
50–52. tion and hemispheric organization. In R. D. Lane Green, R. E., Bubano, H. A., Hublin, J., Hänni, C.,
Kluger, J. (2006a, January 16). e surprising power & L. Nadel (Eds.), Cognitive neuroscience of emo- Fortea, J., de la Rasilla, M., Bertranpetit, Rosas,
tion. New York: Oxford University Press. A., & Pääbo, S. (2007). e derived FOXP2 variant
of the aging brain. Time, 84–87. of modern humans was shared with neandertals.
Kluger, J. (2006b, July 10). e new science of siblings. Kong, J., Gollub, R. L., Rosman, I. S., Webb, J. M., Current Biology, 17, 1908−1912.
Vangel, M. G., Kirsch, I., & Kaptchuk, T. J. (2006).
Time, 46–55. Brain activity associated with expectancy- Kringelbach, M. L., & Aziz, T. Z. (2008). Sparking
Kluger, J. (2007a, June 11). e science of appetite. enhanced placebo analgesia as measured by func- recovery with brain “pacemakers.” Scientific
tional magnetic resonance imaging. The Journal American Mind, 36−43.
Time, 48−58. of Neuroscience, 26, 381–388.
Kluger, J. (2007b, September 10). Rewiring the brain. Kubovy, M., & Wagemans, J. (1995). Grouping by
Koontz, N. A., & Gunderman, R. B. (2008). Gestalt proximity and multistability in dot lattices: A
Time, 46−47. theory: Implications for radiology education. quantitative Gestalt theory. Psychological Science,
Kluger, J. (2009, February 23). e biology of belief. American Journal of Roentgenology, 190, 1156−1160. 6, 225–234.

Time, 62−72. Koopman, J. M. (1995, February 20). Cited in M. Kuriki, I., Ashida, H., Murakami, I., & Kitaoka, A.
Kluger, J., & Masters, C. (2006, August 28). How to Cimons & T. H. Maugh, II, New strategies fuel (2008). Functional brain imaging of the rotating
optimism in AIDS fight. Los Angeles Times. snakes illusion by fMRI. Journal of Vision, 8, 1−10.
spot a liar. Time, 46–48.
Knight, R. A. (1992, July). Cited in N. Youngstrom, Kopp, C. B., & Neufeld, S. J. (2003). Emotional devel- Kurtz, E. (1979). Not-God: A history of Alcoholics
opment during infancy. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Anonymous. Center City, MN: Hazelden.
Rapist studies reveal complex mental map. APA Scherer & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of
Monitor. affective sciences. New York: Oxford University Kurtz, P. (1995, May/June). Is John Beloff an absolute
Knutson, J. R. (1995). Psychological characteristics Press. paranormalist? Skeptical Inquirer.
of maltreated children: Putative risk factors and
consequences. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, Koppelstaetter, K., Siedentopf, C., Poeppel, T., Haala, LaBar, K. S., & Cabeza, R. (2006). Cognitive neuro-
401–431. I., Ischebeck, A., & Mottaghy, F. (2005, December science of emotional memory. Nature Reviews
Knutson, K. L., Spiegal, K., Penev, P., & Van Cauter, 1). Influence of caffeine excess on activation pat- Neuroscience, 7, 54−64.
E. (2007). e metabolic consequences of sleep terns in verbal working memory. Radiological
deprivation. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 11, 163−178. Society of North America, annual meeting, Lacey, M. (2002, January 6). In Kenyan family, ritual
Ko, A. H., Dollinger, M., & Rosenbaum, E. H. (2008). Chicago. for girls still divides. The New York Times, 4.
Everyone’s guide to cancer therapy: How cancer
is diagnosed, treated, and managed day to day Koren, G. (2007). Special aspects of perinatal and Lacey, M. (2003, February 6). African women gather to
(5th ed.). Kansas City, MO: Andrews McMeel pediatric pharmacology. In B. G. Katzung (Ed.), denounce genital cutting. The New York Times, A3.
Publishing. Basic and clinical pharmacology (10th ed.,
Kobasa, S. C. (1982). Commitment and coping pp. 971−982). New York: McGraw-Hill. LaFee, S. (2000, March 29). Sight to behold. San Diego
in stress resistance among lawyers. Journal of Union-Tribune, E12.
Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 707–717. Koriat, A. (2005). Control processes in remember-
Kobasa, S. C., Maddi, S. R., & Kahn, S. (1982a). ing. In E. Tulving & F. M. Craik (Eds.), The LaFrance, M., Hecht, M. A., & Paluck, E. L. (2003).
Hardiness and health: A prospective study. Journal Oxford handbook of memory. New York: Oxford e contingent smile: A meta-analysis of sex dif-
of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 168–177. University Press.
Kobasa, S. C., Maddi, S. R., & Puccetti, M. C. ferences in smiling. Psychological Bulletin, 129,
(1982b). Personality and exercise as buffers in the Kornack, D. R., & Rakic, P. (2001). Cell proliferation 305–334.
stress-illness relationship. Journal of Behavioral without neurogenesis in adult primate neocortex. Lake, D. F., Briggs, A. D., & Akporiaye, E. T. (2007).
Medicine, 5, 391–404. Science, 29, 2127–2130. Immunopharmacology. In B. G. Katzung (Ed.),
Kobayashi, M., Tomioka, N., Ushiyama, Y., & Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (10th ed.,
Ohhashi, T. (2003). Arithmetic calculation, deep Kotulak, R. (2006, June 22). Hormone that may pp. 908−933). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
inspiration or handgrip exercise-mediated pre- launch puberty is discovered. The San Diego Lalwani, A. K., & Snow, J. G., Jr. (2006). Disorders of
operational active palmer sweating responses Union-Tribune, E1. smell, taste, and hearing. In S. L. Hauser (Ed.).,
in humans. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Harrison’s neurology in clinical medicine. New
Clinical, 104, 58–65. Kotz, D. (2007a). How to win the weight battle. U.S. York: McGraw-Hill.
Koch, W. (2000, June 16). Big tobacco tells Florida News & World Report, 60−69. Lamb, N. (1990). Guide to teaching strings (5th ed.).
jury it has reformed. USA Today, 13A. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown.
Koenigs, M., Young, L., Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Kotz, D. (2007b, January 15). Screening for all. U.S. Lamberg, L. (2004). Road to recovery for cocaine
Cushman, F., Hauser, M., & Damasio, A. (2007). News & World Report, 78. users can start in primary care setting. Journal
Damage to the prefrontal cortex increases utili- of the American Medical Association, 292,
tarian moral judgements. Nature, 446, 908−911. Kotz, D. (2007c, October 29). What to do about HPV? 1807–1809.
Koh, M. T., & Bernstein, I. L. (2005). Mapping U.S. News & World Report, 53. Lamberg, L. (2006). Melatonin effective in totally
conditioned taste aversion associations using blind people. Psychiatric News, 41, 26.
c-Fos reveals a dynamic role for insular cortex. Kotz, D. (2008, September 15/September 22). Sex, Lambert, G. W., Reid, C., Kaye, D. M., Jennings, G.
Behavioral Neuroscience, 119, 388–398. health & happiness. U.S. News & World Report, L., & Ester, M. D. (2002). Effect of sunlight and
Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral develop- 50−53. season on serotonin turnover in the brain. The
ment: Essays on moral development (Vol. 11). San Lancet, 360, 1840–1842.
Francisco: Harper & Row. Kovács, Á. M., & Mehler, J. (2009). Cognitive gains in Lambert, M. J., Bergin, A. E., & Garfield, S. L. (2004).
Köhler, W. (1917; reprinted 1925). The mentality of 7-month-old bilingual infants. Proceedings of the Introduction and historical overview. In M. J.
apes (E. Winter, Trans.). New York: Harcourt National Academy of Sciences, 106, 6556. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin and Garfield’s handbook
Brace & World. of psychotherapy and behavior change. New York:
Kohn, D. (2004, July 25). Ecstasy research looks for Kozel, F., Johnson, K., Mu, Q., Grenesko, E., Laken, Wiley.
benefits. Baltimore Sun. S., & George, M. (2005). Detecting deception Lanfranco, F., Kamischke, A., Zitzmann, M., &
Koko’s world. (2006, November 20). [On-line]. using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nieschlag, P. E. (2004). Klinefelter’s syndrome.
Available: http://www.koko.org/world/. Biological Psychiatry, 58, 605−613. Lancet, 364, 273–284.
Kolata, G. (2000a, May 15). Sharing of profits is debated Langdridge, D., & Butt, T. (2004). e fundamental
as the value of tissue rises. The New York Times, A1. Kra , U. (2006, October/November). Detecting attribution error: A phenomenological critique.
Kolata, G. (2000b, October 17). How the body knows autism early. Scientific American Mind, 68−73. British Journal of Social Psychology, 43, 357–369.
when to gain or lose. The New York Times, D1. Langlois, J. (2009, January 17). Cited in E. Quill,
Kra , U. (2007, June/July). Rhythm and blues. It’s written all over your face. Science News,
Scientific American Mind, 62−65. 24−28.

Krakovsky, M. (2009, January/February). National
poker face. Psychology Today, 20.

Kramer, M. (2006a). Biology of dreaming. In T. L. Lee-
Chiong (Ed.), Sleep: A comprehensive handbook
(pp. 31−36). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Kramer, M. (2006b). Psychology of dreaming. In T. L.
Lee-Chiong (Ed.), Sleep: A comprehensive hand-
book (pp. 37–43). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

660 R E F E R E N C E S

Langlois, J. H., Kalakanis, L., Rubenstein, A. J., Lazarus, R. S. (2000). Evolution of a model of stress, Lemonick, M. D. (2007a, January 29). e flavor of
Larson, A., Hallam, M., & Smoot, M. (2000). coping and discrete emotions. In V. R. Rice (Ed.), memories. Time, 100−102.
Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analysis and Handbook of stress, coping and health. ousand
theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 136, Oaks, CA: Sage. Lemonick, M. D. (2007b, July 16). e science of
390–423. addiction. Time, 42−48.
Lazarus, R. S. (2006). Stress and emotion: A new syn-
Langlois, J. H., Roggman, L. A., & Musselman, L. thesis. New York: Springer. Lenox, R. H., & Hahn, C. (2000). Overview of the
(1994). What is average and what is not average mechanism of action of lithium in the brain:
about attractive faces? Psychological Science, 5, Leaper, C. (2000). Gender, affiliation, assertion, Fi y-year update. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,
214–220. and the interactive context of parent-child play. 2000(Suppl. 9), 5–15.
Developmental Psychology, 36, 381–393.
Langman, P. (2009). Why kids kill: Inside the minds of Lenzer, J. (2007, September). Citizen, heal thyself.
school shooters. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. LeDoux, J. (2003). Cited in L. Helmuth, Fear and Discover, 54−61.
trembling in the amygdala. Science, 300, 568–569.
Lanyado, M., & Horne, A. (Eds.). (1999). The hand- Leo, J. (1987, January 12). Exploring the traits of
book of child and adolescent psychotherapy. New Lee, C., Chang, Y., & Huang, S. (2007). Prevalence of twins. Time.
York: Routledge. dental anxiety among 5- to 8-year-old Taiwanese
children. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 67, Leonard, W. (2009, February 16). Cited in Evolution-
Largo-Wight, E., Peterson, P. M., & Chen, W. W. 36−41. ary link to modern-day obesity, other problems.
(2005). Perceived problem solving, stress, and ScienceDaily.
health among college students. American Journal Lee, C. W., Taylor, G., & Drummond, P. D. (2006).
of Health Behavior, 29, 360−370. e active ingredient in EMDR: Is it traditional Lepage, J. F., & éoret, H. (2007). e mirror
neuron: Grasping others’ actions from birth?
Larivee, S., Normandeau, S., & Parent, S. (2000). exposure or dual focus of attention? Clinical Developmental Science, 10(5), 513−523.
e French connection: Some contributions of Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13, 97−107.
Lee, M. R. (2005). Curare: e South American arrow Lepper, M. R., Henderlong, J., & Gingras, I. (1999).
French-language research in the post-Piagetian poison. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians Understanding the effects of extrinsic rewards on
era. Child Development, 71, 823–839. of Edinburgh, 35, 83–92. intrinsic motivation—Uses and abuses of meta-
Larsen, J. T., Bernston, G. G., Poehlmann, K. M., Ito, Lee, R. (2005, April 15). “Boy-code” a factor in fatal analysis: Comment on Deci, Koestner, and Ryan
T. A., & Cacioppo. J. T. (2008). In M. Lewis, J. M. school shootings? Washington Blade. (1999). Psychological Bulletin, 125, 669–676.
Haviland-Jones & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook Lee-Chiong, T. (2008). Sleep medicine: Essentials and
of emotions (3rd ed., pp. 180−195). New York: review. New York: Oxford University Press. Lerner, R. M., & Galambos, N. L. (1998). Adolescent
Guilford Press. Lee-Chiong, T., & Sateia, M. (2006). Pharmacologic development: Challenges and opportunities for
Larson, C. (2008, February 11). Attacking therapy of insomnia. In T. L. Lee-Chiong (Ed.), research, programs, and policies. Annual Review
Alzheimer’s. U.S. News & World Report, 48. Sleep: A comprehensive handbook (pp. 125–132). of Psychology, 49, 413–446.
Larson, E. (2009, March 12). Cited in J. D. Bedrossian, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Intel Science Talent Search crowns 10 promising Leedham, B., Meyerowitz, B. E., Muirhead, J., & Frist, Lesch, K. P. (2005). Alcohol dependence and gene
young scientists. USA Today, 7D. W. H. (1995). Positive expectations predict health × environment interaction in emotion regula-
Larsson, H., Andershed, H., & Lichtenstein, P. (2006). a er heart transplantation. Health Psychology, 14, tion: Is serotonin the link? European Journal of
A genetic factor explains most of the varia- 74–79. Pharmacology, 526, 113–124.
tion in the psychopathic personality. Journal of Legrand, L. N., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2005,
Abnormal Psychology, 115, 221–230. March/April). Predicting addiction. American Leshner, A. I. (2001, June). What does it mean
Latané, B. (1981). e psychology of social impact. Scientist, 93, 140–147. that addiction is a brain disease? Monitor on
American Psychologist, 36, 343–356. Lehrer, J. (2009). How we decide. New York: Psychology, 19.
Latané, B., & Darley, J. M. (1970). The unrespon- Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
sive bystander: Why doesn’t he help? New York: Lehrman, S. (2006, June). e implicit prejudice. Leslie, L., Weckerly, J., Plemmons, D., Landsverk, J., &
Appleton-Century-Cro s. Scientific American, 32–34. Eastman, S. (2004). Implementing the American
Latané, B., & Nida, S. (1981). Ten years of research on Leibel, R. L., Rosenbaum, M., & Hirsch, J. (1995). Academy of Pediatrics attention-deficit/hyperac-
group size and helping. Psychological Bulletin, 89, Changes in energy expenditure resulting from tivity disorder diagnostic guidelines in primary
308–324. altered body weight. New England Journal of care settings. Pediatrics, 114, 129−140.
Laumann, E., Michael, R. T., Gagnon, J. H., & Kolata, Medicine, 332, 621–628.
G. (1994). The social organization of sexuality. Leinwand, D. (2000, May 9). Heroin’s resurgence closes Lessmoellmann, A. (2006, October). Don’t count on
Chicago: University of Chicago Press. drug’s traditional gender gap. USA Today, A1. it. Scientific American Mind.
Laumann, E. O., Nicolosi, A., Glasser, D. B., Paik, Leinwand, D. (2002, February 11). Ecstasy grows as
A., Gingell, C., Moreira, E., & Wang, T. (2005). danger to teens. USA Today, A1. Leventhal, H., & Patrick-Miller, L. (2000). Emotions
Sexual problems among women and men aged Leippe, M. R., & Eisenstadt, D. (1994). Generalization and physical illness: Causes and indicators of
40–80 y: Prevalence and correlates identified of dissonance reduction: Decreasing prejudice vulnerability. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones
in the Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and through induced compliance. Journal of Person- (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (2nd ed.). New
Behaviors. International Journal of Impotence ality and Social Psychology, 67, 395–413. York: Guilford Press.
Research, 17, 39–57. Leitzell, K. (2007, December/2008, January). Under-
Laurence, R. P. (2003, October 15). Now Limbaugh standing baby talk. Scientific American Mind, 10. Levesque, M. F., Neuman, T., & Rezak, M. (2009).
asks for a rush to change judgment of drug use. Leitzell, K. (2008, June/July). e other brain cells. erapeutic microinjection of autologous adult
San Diego Union-Tribune, F7. Scientific American Mind, 7.
Lauriello, J. (2007, March 10). Cited in B. Bower, Leland, J. (1994, February 14). Homophobia, Newsweek. human neural stem cells and differentiated
Schizophrenia plus and minus. Science News, Leland, J. (1998, October 26). Not quite Viagra neurons for Parkinson’s disease: Five-year post-
148−149. nation. Newsweek, 68. operative outcome. The Open Stem Cell Journal,
Law, A. J., & Weinberger, D. R. (2006, April 18). Cited Lemerise, E. A., & Dodge, K. A. (2000). e devel- 1, 20−29.
in N. Wade, Schizophrenia as misstep by giant opment of anger and hostile interactions. In M. Levine, J. M., & Kerr, N. L. (2007). Inclusion and
gene. The New York Times, D4. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of exclusion: Implications for group processes. In
Laws, K. R., & Kokkalis, J. (2007). Ecstasy (MDMA) emotions (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. A. W. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Social
and memory function: A meta-analytic update. Leming, T. (2008, July 7). omg. almost caused fendr psychology: Handbook of basic principles (2nd ed.,
Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and bendr, lol! Time, 53. pp. 759–784). New York: Guilford Press.
Experimental, 22, 381−388. Lemley, B. (1999, December). Do you see what they Levine, S., & Koenig, J. (Eds.). (1980). Why men
Lazar, S. W., Kerr, C. E., Wasserman, R. H., Gray, J. see? Discover. rape: Interviews with convicted rapists. Toronto:
R., Greve, D. N., Treadway, M. T., McGarvey, M., Lemley, B. (2000, February). Isn’t she lovely? Discover, Macmillan.
Quinn, B. T., Dusek, J. A., Benson, H., Rauch, S. 42–49. Levinson, D. F. (2003). Molecular genetics of schizo-
L., Moore, C. I., & Fischi, B. (2005). Meditation Lemley, B. (2006, August). Shiny happy people: phrenia: A review of the recent literature. Current
experience is associated with increased cortical Can you reach nirvana with the aid of science? Opinion in Psychiatry, 16, 157–170.
thickness. Neuroreport, 16, 1893−1897. Discover, 27, 62–77. Levinson, D. F. (2009). Genetics of major depression.
Lazarus, R. S. (1999). Stress and emotion. New York: Lemonick, M. D. (2006, January 16). Measuring IQ In I. H. Gotlib & C. L. Hammen (Eds.), Handbook
Springer. points by the cupful. Time, 94–95. of depression (2nd ed., pp. 165−186). New York:
Guilford Press.
Levitsky, D. (2003, August 11). e “freshman.” U.S.
News & World Report, 54.
Levy, J. (1985, May). Right brain, le brain: Fact and
fiction. Psychology Today.
Levy, J., & Trevarthen, C. (1976). Metacontrol of
hemispheric function in human split-brain
patients. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Human Perception and Performance, 2, 299–312.

R E F E R E N C E S 661

Levy, J., Trevarthen, C., & Sperry, R. W. (1972). Lindsay, J. J., & Anderson, C. A. (2000). From ante- Lo us, E. F. (1993). e reality of repressed memo-
Perception of bilateral chimeric figures following cedent conditions to violent actions: A general ries. American Psychologist, 48, 518–537.
hemispheric deconnection. Brain, 95, 61–68. affective aggression model. Personality and Social
Psychological Bulletin, 26, 533–547. Lo us, E. F. (1997a, September). Creating false mem-
Lewin, T. (2006, September 3). Perfect’s new profile, ories. Scientific American, 70–75.
warts and all. The New York Times. Lindstrom, M. (2005). Brand sense: Build power-
ful brands through touch, taste, smell, sight, and Lo us, E. F. (1997b). Repressed memory accusations:
Lewis, A. (2001, March 26). Snakes scarier than pub- sound. New York: Free Press. Devastated families and devastated patients.
lic speaking. USA Today, A1. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 11, 25–30.
Lindstrom, M. (2008). Buyology: Truth and lies about
Lewis, A. J., Dennerstein, M., & Biggs, P. M. (2008). why we buy. New York: Doubleday. Lo us, E. F. (1999). Repressed memories. Forensic
Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy: Psychiatry, 22, 61–69.
Review of recent process and outcome stud- Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment
ies. Australian and New Zealand Journal of of borderline personality disorder. New York: Lo us, E. F. (2000, April 25). Cited in J. E. Brody,
Psychiatry, 42, 445−455. Guilford Press. Memories of things that never were. The New
York Times, D8.
Lewis, J. W., Brefcynski, J. A., Phinney, R. E., Janik, J. Ling, G., & Ming, W. (2006, April 27). Japanese organ
J., & DeYoe, E. A. (2005). Distinct cortical path- transplant agency: Chinese organ supplies will Lo us, E. F. (2003a, February 17). Cited in J. Gottlieb,
ways for processing tool versus animal sounds. not decrease. The Epoch Times. Memories made to order at UCI. Los Angeles
Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 5148–5158. Times, 81.
Linnenbrink-Garcia, L., & Fredricks, J. A. (2008).
Lewis, M. H., & Lazoritz, M. (2005). Psychopharma- Developmental perspectives on achievement Lo us, E. F. (2003b, November). Make-believe mem-
cology of autism spectrum disorders. Psychiatric motivation. In J. Y. Shah & W. L. Gardner (Eds.), ories. American Psychologist, 867–873.
Times, 22. Handbook of motivation science (pp. 448−464).
New York: Guilford Press. Lo us, E. F. (2005a, August 1). Cited in Today@UCI,
Lewis-Fernandez, R., Das, A. K., Alfonso, C., Power of suggestion may help dieters avoid specific
Weissman, M. M., & Olfson, M. (2005). Lipkin, R. (1995). Additional genes may affect color foods. Available: http://archive.today.uci.edu/
Depression in U.S. Hispanics: Diagnostic and vision. Science News, 147, 100. news/release_detail.asp?key=1360.
management considerations in family practice.
The Journal of the American Board of Family Lipkins, S. (2006). Preventing hazing: How par- Lo us, E. F. (2005b). Planting misinformation in
Practice, 18, 282–296. ents, teachers, and coaches can stop the violence, the human mind: A 30-year investigation of the
harassment, and humiliation. San Francisco: malleability of memory. Learning & Memory, 12,
Li, T. K. (2000). Pharmacogenetics of responses to Jossey-Bass. 361−366.
alcohol and genes that influence alcohol drinking.
Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61, 5–12. Lipton, F. R., Siegel, C., Hannigan, A., Samuels, J., & Lo us, E. F., & Davis, D. (2006). Recovered memo-
Baker, S. (2000). Tenure in supportive housing ries. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2,
Liberman, N., Trope, Y., & Stephan, E. (2007). for homeless persons with severe mental illness. 469−498.
Psychological distance. In A. W. Kruglanski & E. Psychiatric Services, 51, 479–486.
T. Higgins (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of Lo us, E. F., & Hoffman, H. G. (1989). Misinforma-
basic principles (2nd ed., pp. 353–383). New York: Lipton, S. D. (1983). A critique of so-called standard tion and memory: e creation of new memories.
Guilford Press. psychoanalytic technique. Contemporary Psycho- Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118,
analysis, 19, 35–52. 409–420.
Lie, H. (2009, January 17). Cited in E. Quill, It’s writ-
ten all over your face. Science News, 24−28. Liska, K. (1994). Drugs & the human body (4th ed.). Lo us, E. F., & Lo us, G. R. (1980). On the perfor-
New York: Macmillan. mance of stored information in the human brain.
Lieberman, D. A. (2004). Learning and memory. American Psychologist, 35, 409–420.
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/ omson Learning. Lithwick, D. (2009, March 23). When our eyes deceive
use. Newsweek, 17. Lo us, E. F., Miller, D. G., & Burns, H. J. (1978).
Lieberman, J. A. (2005, September 25). Cited in B. Semantic integration of verbal information
Bower, Meds alert. Science News, 168, 195. Litt, M. D., Kalinowski, L., & Shafer, D. (1999). A into a visual memory. Journal of Experimental
dental fears typology of oral surgery patients: Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4,
Liebert, R. M., & Spiegler, M. D. (1994). Personality: Matching patients to anxiety interventions. 19–31.
Strategies and issues (7th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Health Psychology, 18, 614–624.
Brooks/Cole. Lohman, D. F. (2000). Complex information pro-
Liu, Z., Muehlbauer, K. R., Schmeiser, H. H., cessing and intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.),
Liebowitz, M. R., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Hergenhahn, M., Belharazem, D., & Hollstein, Handbook of intelligence. New York: Cambridge
Hope, D. A., Davies, S., Holt, C. S., Goetz, D., M. C. (2005). p53 mutations in a benzo(a)pyrene- University Press.
Juster, H. R., Lin, S. H., Bruch, M. A., Marshall, exposed human p53 knock-in murine fibroblasts
R. D., & Klein, D. F. (1999). Cognitive-behavioral correlate with p53 mutations in human lung Long, J. D., Gaynor, P., Erwin, A., & Williams, R. L.
group therapy versus phenelzine in social phobia: tumors. Cancer Research, 65, 2583–2587. (1994). e relationship of self-management to
Long-term outcome. Depression and Anxiety, 10, academic motivation, study efficiency, academic
89–98. Livneh, H., Lott, S. M., & Antonak, R. F. (2004). satisfaction, and grade point average among pro-
Patterns of psychosocial adaptation to chronic ill- spective education majors. Psychology, A Journal
Lilienfeld, S. O. (1993). Do “honesty” tests really mea- ness and disability: A cluster analytic approach. of Human Behavior, 31, 22–30.
sure honesty? Skeptical Inquirer, 18, 32–41. Psychology, Health, and Medicine, 9, 411–430.
Lonsway, K., Moore, M., Harrington, C. P., Smeal, E.,
Lilienfeld, S. O., & Arkowitz, H. (2006, Lochman, J. E., Powell, N. R., Whidby, J. M., & & Spillar, K. (2003, Spring). Hiring & retaining
December/2007, January). Taking a closer look: Fitzgerald, D. P. (2006). Aggressive children: more women: e advantages to law enforcement
Can moving your eyes back and forth help to ease Cognitive-behavioral assessment and treatment. agencies. National Center for Women & Policing,
anxiety? Scientific American Mind, 80−81. In P. C. Kendall (Ed.), Child and adolescent ther- 1–16.
apy: Cognitive-behavioral procedures (3rd ed.,
Lilienfeld, S. O., & Arkowitz, H. (2007, pp. 33–81). New York: Guilford Press. Lonsway, K. A., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (1994). Rape
December/2008, January). What “psychopath” myths: In review. Psychology of Women Quarterly,
means. Scientific American Mind, 80−81. Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a prac- 18, 133–164.
tically useful theory of goal setting and task moti-
Lilienfeld, S. O., & Arkowitz, H. (2008a, June/July). vation. American Psychologist, 57, 705–717. Lopes, P. N., Salovey, P., & Straus, R. (2003).
Can animals aid therapy? Scientific American Emotional intelligence, personality, and the
Mind, 78−79. Locke, J. L. (2006). Parental selection of vocal behav- perceived quality of social relationships.
ior: Crying, cooking, babbling, and the evolution Personality and Individual Differences, 35,
Lilienfeld, S. O., & Arkowitz, H. (2008b, of language. Human Nature, 17, 155−168. 641−658.
December/2009, January). Altered states.
Scientific American Mind, 80−81. Locke, S. F. (2008, June/July). A novel chemical tar- Lopez, N. (2008, May 12). Lorena Ochoa. Time, 71.
get. Scientific American Mind, 6. Lord, C. (2002, October 22). Cited in L. Tarkan,
Lilienfeld, S. O., Kirsch, I., Sarbin, T. R., Lynn, S.
J., Chaves, J. F., Ganaway, G. K., & Powell, R. A. Loehlin, J. C. (2000). Group differences in intelli- Autism therapy is called effective, but rare. The
(1999). Dissociative identity disorder and the gence. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of intel- New York Times, D2.
sociocognitive model: Recalling the lessons of the ligence. New York: Cambridge University Press. Lorenz, K. (1952). King Solomon’s ring. New York:
past. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 507–523. Crowell.
Loehlin, J. C., Neiderhiser, J. M., & Reiss, D. (2003). Losen, D., & Orfield, G. (Eds.). (2002). Racial inequity
Lilly, J. C. (1972). The center of the cyclone. New York: e behavior genetics of personality and the in special education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
Bantam. Education Publishing Group.
NEAD study. Journal of Research in Personality, Lothane, Z. (2006a). Freud’s legacy—Is it still with
Lincoln, T. M., Hahlweg, K., Frank, M., vonWitzle- 37, 373–387. us? Psychoanalytic Psychology, 23, 285–301.
ben, I., Schroeder, B., & Fiegenbaum, W. (2003). Lo us, E. F. (1975). Leading questions and the eye- Lothane, Z. (2006b). Reciprocal free association.
Effectiveness of an empirically supported treat- witness report. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 560–572. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 23, 711–727.
ment for social phobia in the field. Behaviour Lo us, E. F. (1979). e malleability of memory.
Research and Therapy, 41, 1251–1269. American Scientist, 67, 312–320.

662 R E F E R E N C E S

Lovaas, O. I. (1987). Behavioral treatment and nor- Lynn, S. J. (2007). Hynosis reconsidered. American MacQueen, G., Marshall, J., Perdue, M., Siegel, S., &
mal educational and intellectual functioning in Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 49, 195−197. Biennenstock, J. (1989). Pavlovian conditioning of
young autistic children. Journal of Consulting and rat mucosal mast cells to secrete rat mast cell pro-
Clinical Psychology, 55, 3–9. Lynn, S. J., & Cardena, E. (2007). Hypnosis and the tease II. Science, 243, 83–85.
treatment of posttraumatic stress conditions: An
Lovaas, O. I. (1993). e development of a treatment- evidence-based approach. International Journal of Macrae, C. N., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2000). Social
research project for developmentally disabled Clinical Hypnosis, 55, 167−188. cognition: inking categorically about others.
autistic children. Journal of Applied Behavior Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 93–120.
Analysis, 26, 617–630. Lynn, S. J., & Kirsch, I. (2006). Introduction:
Definitions and early history. In S. J. Lynn & Maddi, S. R. (2002). e story of hardiness: Twenty
Lovaas, O. I. (1999, September). Cited in H. McIntosh, I. Kirsch (Eds.), Essentials of clinical hypnosis: years of theorizing, research, and practice.
Two autism studies fuel hope—and skepticism. An evidence-based approach. Washington, DC: Consulting Psychology Journal, 54, 173–185.
Monitor: American Psychological Association, 28. American Psychological Association.
Maddi, S. R. (2008, September). e courage and
Lovaas, O. I., & Buch, G. (1997). Intensive behavioral Lynn, S. J., Kirsch, I., Barabasz, A., Cardena, E., & strategies of hardiness as helpful in growing
intervention with young children. In N. N. Singh Patterson, D. (2000). Hypnosis as an empirically despite major, disruptive stresses. American
(Ed.), Prevention and treatment of severe behavior supported clinical intervention: e state of the evi- Psychologist, 563.
problems. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. dence and a look to the future. International Journal
of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 48, 239–259. Madeley, G. (2007, October 19). £20,000 payout for
Low, A., Bentin, S., Rockstroh, B., Silberman, Y., woman who falsely accused her father of rape
Gomolla, A., Cohen, R., & Elbert, T. (2003). Lynn, S. J., Kirsch, I., & Hallquist, M. N. (2008). Social a er “recovered memory” therapy. MailOnline
Semantic categorization in the human brain: cognitive theories of hypnosis. In M. Nash & A. [On-line]. Available: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/
Spatiotemporal dynamics revealed by magnetoen- Barnier (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of hypnosis news/article-488623/20-000-payout-woman
cephalography. Psychological Science, 14, 367–372. (pp. 111−139). New York: Oxford University Press. -falsely-accused-father-rape-recovered-memory
-therapy.html.
Loy, I., & Hall, G. (2002). Taste aversion a er inges- Lynn, S. J., Kirsch, I., Knox, J., Fassler, O., & Lilien-
tion of lithium chloride: An associative analy- feld, S. O. (2007a). Hypnosis and neuroscience: Madsen, M. V., Gotzsche, P. C., & Hrobjartsson,
sis. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Implications for the altered state debate. In G. A. (2009). Acupuncture treatment for pain:
Psychology, 55B, 365–380. Jamieson (Ed.), Hypnosis and conscious states: The Systematic review of randomized clinical trials
cognitive neuroscience perspective (pp. 146−166). with acupuncture, placebo acupuncture, and
Luan, P. K., Fitzgerald, D. A., Nathan, P. J., & Tancer, New York: Oxford University Press. no acupuncture groups. British Medical Journal,
M. E. (2006). Association between amygdala 338, 3115.
hyperactivity to harsh faces and severity of social Lynn, S. J., Kirsch, I., Knox, J., Fassler, O., & Lilien-
anxiety in generalized social phobia. Biological feld, S. O. (2007b). Hypnotic regulation of con- Maehr, M. L. (2008). Culture and achievement moti-
Psychiatry, 59, 424–429. sciousness and the pain neuromatrix. In G. A. vation. International Journal of Psychology, 43,
Jamieson (Ed.), Hypnosis and conscious states: The 917−918.
Lubinski, D., Benbow, C. P., Webb, R. M., & Bleske- cognitive neuroscience perspective (pp. 145−166).
Rechek, A. (2006). Tracking exceptional human New York: Oxford University Press. Magidoff, R. (1973). Yehudi Menuhin. London: Robert
capital over two decades. Psychological Science, Hale.
17, 194−199. Lynn, S. J., Lo us, E. F., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Lock, T.
(2003, July/August). Memory recovery techniques Magnusson, A. (2000). An overview of epidemiologi-
Luborsky, E. B., O’Reilly-Landry, M., & Arlow, J. A. in psychotherapy. Skeptical Inquirer, 40–46. cal studies on seasonal affective disorder. Acta
(2008). Psychoanalysis. In R. J. Corsini & Wedding, Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 101, 176–184.
D. (Eds.), Current psychotherapies (8th ed., Lynn, S. J., Matthews, A., & Barnes. S. (2009). Hypnosis
pp. 15−62). Belmont, CA: omson Brooks/Cole. and memory: From Bernheim to the present. In Magnusson, A., & Partonen, T. (2005). e diagnosis,
K. Markman, J. A. Suhr & W. M. P. Klein (Eds.), symptomatology, and epidemiology of seasonal
Luborsky, L., & Barrett, M. S. (2006). e history of Handbook of imagination and mental stimulation affective disorder. CNS Spectrums, 10, 625–634.
empirical status of key psychoanalytic concepts. (pp. 103−118). New York: Psychology Press.
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2, 1−19. Mahoney, M. J. (2005). Suffering, philosophy,
Lyon, L. (2007, December 17). Taking a bite out of and psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy
Luborsky, L., Rosenthal, R., Diguer, L., Andrusyna, anger. U.S. News & World Report, 66. Integration, 15, 337–352.
T. P., Berman, J. S., Levitt, J. T., Seligman, D. A., &
Krause, E. D. (2002). e dodo bird verdict is alive Lyon, L. (2009, February). Helping teens steer clear of Maier, S. R., Watkins, L. R., & Fleshner, M. (1994).
and well—mostly. Clinical Psychology: Science and trouble. U.S. News & World Report, 40−43. Psychoneuroimmunology. American Psychologist,
Practice, 9, 2–12. 49, 1004–1007.
Lyon, L., Voiland, A., & Baldauf, S. (2008, September
Luders, E., Narr, K. L., ompson, P. M., Rex, D. E., 15/September 22). Coping with sexual woes. U.S. Maio, G. R., & Haddock, G. (2007). Attitude change.
Jancke, L., Steinmetz, H., & Toga, A. W. (2004). News & World Report, 54−56. In A. W. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Social
Gender differences in cortical complexity. Nature psychology: Handbook of basic principles (2nd ed.,
Neuroscience, 7, 799–800. Lyon, R. (1999, November 22). Cited in B. Kantrowitz pp. 565–586). New York: Guilford Press.
& A. Underwood, Dyslexia and the new science of
Luna, B. (2006, August/September). Cited in L. reading. Newsweek, 72–78. Maio, G. R., Olson, J. M., Bernard, M. M., & Luke,
Sabbagh, Hard at work no, really. Scientific M. A. (2006). Ideologies, values, attitudes, and
American Mind, 20–25. Maathai, W. (2004, December 10). Wangari Maathai? behavior. In J. Delamater (Ed.), Handbook of
Nobel lecture [On-line]. Available: http:// social psychology (pp. 283–308). New York:
Lupart, J. L., & Pyryt, M. C. (1996). “Hidden gi ed” nobelprize.org/nobel_prozes/peace/laureates/ Springer.
students: Underachiever prevalence and profile. 2004/maathai-lecture-text.html.
Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 20, 36–53. Maisto, S. A., Galizio, M., & Connors, G. J. (2008).
Maathai, W. (2005, January 5). Cited in D. Gilson, Drug use and abuse (5th ed.). Belmont, CA:
Luszczynska, A., & Sutton, S. (2006). Physical activity Root causes: An interview with Wangari Maathai Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.
a er cardiac rehabilitation: Evidence that differ- [On-line]. Available: http://www.motherjones
ent types of self-efficacy are important in main- .com/news/qa/ 2005/01/wangari_maathai.html. Malcolm-Smith, S., Solms, M., Turnbull, O., &
tainers and relapsers. Rehabilitation Psychology, Tredoux, C. (2008). reat in dreams: An adapta-
51, 314–321. Maathai, W. (2006). Unbowed. New York: Alfred A. tion? Consciousness and Cognition, 17, 1281−1291.
Knopf.
Lykken, D. T. (2003). Cited in D. Watson, Happiness Maldonado, P. E., Godecke, I., Gray, C. M., & Bonhof-
is in your jeans. Contemporary Psychology, 48, Maccoby, E. E. (1984). Socialization and developmen- fer, T. (1997). Orientation selectivity in pin-
242–243. tal change. Child Development, 55, 317–328. wheel centers in cat striate cortex. Science, 276,
1551–1555.
Lyle, L. (2003). Child misdiagnosed with ADHD Macfarlane, A. J. (1975). Olfaction in the development
making the grade a er real problem found. of social preferences in the human neonate. CIBA Malle, B. F. (2006). e actor-observer assymme-
Wave3 [On-line]. Available: http://www.wave3 Foundation Symposium, 33, 103–117. try in attribution: A (surprising) meta-analysis.
.com/global/story.asp?s=1253290&ClientType Psychological Bulletin, 132, 895–919.
=Printable. Macht, M. (2007, October/November). Feeding the
psyche. Scientific American Mind, 64−69. Malone, F. G., Canick, J. A., Ball, R. H., Nyberg, D.
Lynam, D. R., Milich, R., Zimmerman, R., Novak, A., Comstock, C. H., Bukowski, R., Berkowitz, R.
S. P., Logan, T. K., Martin, C., Leukefeld, C., & MacInnis, L. (2006, June 2). Genital cutting’s fatal L., Gross, S. J., Dugoff, L., Craigo, S. D., Timor-
Clayton, R. (1999). Project DARE: No effects at results cited. The San Diego Union-Tribune, A16. Tritsch, I. E., Carr, S. R., Wolfe, H. M., Dukes,
10-year follow-up. Journal of Counseling and K., Bianchi, D. W., Rudnicka, A. R., Hacksaw,
Clinical Psychology, 67, 590–593. Maclachlan, M., Desmond, D., & Horgan, O. (2003). A. K., Lambert-Messerlian, G., Wald, N. J., &
Psychological correlates of illusory body expe- D’Alton, M. E. (2005). First-trimester or second-
Lynch, D. J. (2008). Confronting challenges: Motiva- riences. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & trimester screening, or both, for Down’s syn-
tional beliefs and learning strategies in difficult Development, 40, 59–66. drome. The New England Journal of Medicine,
college courses. College Student Journal, 42. 353, 2001–2011.
Macnee, C. L., & McCabe, S. (2000). Microstressors
and health. In V. R. Rice (Ed.), Handbook of stress, R E F E R E N C E S 663
coping and health. ousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Mandavilli, A. (2009, January). New Alzheimer’s Martin, P. D., & Brantley, P. J. (2004). Stress, coping, Matthews, K. A., & Haynes, S. G. (1986). Type A
drugs show promise. Discover, 35. and social support in health and behavior. In J. behavior pattern and coronary disease risk.
M. Raczynsky & L. C. Leviton (Eds.), Handbook American Journal of Epidemiology, 123, 923–960.
Manderscheid, R. W., & Sonnenschein, M. A. (1992). of clinical health psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 233–267).
Mental health, United States, 1992. Washington, Washington, DC: American Psychological Mauss, I. (2005). Control your anger! Scientific
DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Association. American Mind, 16, 64–71.
Services.
Marziali, E., Damianakis, T., & Donahue, P. (2006). Max, D. T. (2006). The family that couldn’t sleep. New
Mann, D. (2005, June 29). Portrait of a psychopath. Internet-based clinical services: Virtual sup- York: Random House.
WebMD [On-line]. Available: http:// port groups for family caregivers. Journal of
www.webmd.com/content/Article/108/ Technology in Human Services, 24, 39−54. May, R. (2005). How do we know what works? Journal
108749.htm?pagenumber=1. of College Student Psychotherapy, 19, 69–73.
Mash, E. J., & Wolfe, D. A. (2007). Abnormal child
Mansvelder, D. D., De Rover, M., McGehee, D. S., psychology (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: omson Mayberg, H. S. (2006, August/September). Cited
& Brussaard, A. B. (2003). Cholinergic modula- Wadsworth. in D. Dobbs, Turning off depression. Scientific
tion of dopaminergic reward areas: Upstream American Mind, 26–31.
and downstream targets of nicotine addiction. Mashour, G. A., Walker, E. E., & Martuza, R. L.
European Journal of Pharmacology, 480, 117–123. (2005). Psychosurgery: Past, present, and future. Mayberg, H. S., Lozano, A. M., Voon, V., McNeely, H.
Brain Research Reviews, 48, 409–419. E., Seminowicz, D., Hamani, C., Schwalb, J. M.,
Maratsos, M., & Matheny, L. (1994). Language & Kennedy, S. H. (2005). Deep brain stimulation
specificity and elasticity: Brain and clinical syn- Maslach, C. (2003). Job burnout: New directions in for treatment-resistant depression. Neuron, 45,
drome studies. Annual Review of Psychology, 45, research and intervention. Current Directions in 651–660.
487–516. Psychological Science, 12, 189–192.
Mayer, J. (2008, November 2). Cited in Does you per-
Marchetti, S., & Bunte, K. (2006). Retailers and banks Maslow, A. H. (1968). Toward a psychology of being sonality influence who you vote for? ScienceDaily
leverage fundraising power, raising more than (2nd ed.). New York: Van Nostrand. [On-line]. Available: http://www.sciencedaily.com/
$139 million for hurricane relief. Press room: releases/2008/10/081031161623.htm.
American Red Cross [On-line]. Available: http:// Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality.
redcross.org/pressrelease/0,1077,0_314_5172,00 New York: Harper & Row. Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. (2000). Models
.htm. of emotional intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.),
Maslow, A. H. (1971). The farther reaches of human Handbook of intelligence. New York: Cambridge
Marcus, D. K., & Miller, R. W. (2003). Sex differ- nature. New York: Viking Press. University Press.
ences in judgments of physical attractiveness: A
social relations analysis. Personality and Social Mass, E., Lapidot, M., & Gadoth, N. (2005). Case Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2008).
Psychology Bulletin, 29, 325–335. report: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B mis- Emotional intelligence: New ability or eclectic
diagnosed as familial dysautonomia. European traits? American Psychologist, 63, 503−517.
Marcus, M. B. (2000, October 2). Don’t let false Journal of Pediatric Dentistry, 6, 48–50.
alarms scare you off prenatal tests, but do get the Mayes, A. R. (2000). Selective memory disorders. In
facts first. U.S. News & World Report, 69–70. Masters, W. H., & Johnson, V. E. (1966). Human sex- E. Tulving & F. M. Craik (Eds.), The Oxford hand-
ual response. Boston: Little, Brown. book of memory. New York: Oxford University
Mareschal, D., & Quinn, P. C. (2001). Categorization Press.
in infancy. Trends in Cognitive Science, 5, Masters, W. H., & Johnson, V. E. (1970). Human sex-
443–450. ual inadequacy. Boston: Little, Brown. Mayford, M., & Korzus, E. (2002). Genetics of mem-
ory in the mouse. In L. R. Squire & D. L. Schacter
“Mariah in hospital with ‘exhaustion.’” (2001, July Masters, W. H., & Johnson, V. E. (1981). Sex and the (Eds.), Neuropsychology of memory (3rd ed.). New
27). BBC News. aging process. Journal of the American Geriatrics York: Guilford Press.
Society, 19, 385–389.
Marsa, L. (2002, March 25). Trauma therapy’s new Mayo Clinic. (2006a). Cited in Eating disorders.
focus. Los Angeles Times, S8. Mastro, J. (1999, July 21). Dialogue with a dolphin. CNN.com [On-line]. Available: http://www.cnn
The San Diego Union-Tribune, E1. .com/HEALTH/library/DS/00194.html.
Marschall, J. (2007, February/March). Seduced by
sleep. Scientific American Mind, 52−57. Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L. (2005). Aging and Mayo Clinic. (2006b). Suicide: Understanding causes,
motivated cognition: e positivity effect in atten- signs, and prevention [On-line]. Available: http://
Marsh, A. A., Elfenbein, A., & Ambady, N. (2003). tion and memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, www.mayoclinic.com/health/suicide/MH00053.
Nonverbal “accents”: Cultural differences in facial 496−502.
expressions of emotion. Psychological Science, 14, Mayr, E. (2000, July). Darwin’s influence on modern
373–376. Maton, K. I., Kohout, J. L., Wicherski, M., Leary, G. thought. Scientific American, 79–83.
E., & Vinokurov, A. (2006). Minority students of
Marshall, G. N., Schell, T. L., Glynn, S. M., & Shetty, color and the psychology of graduate pipeline. Mazure, C. M., Brude, M. L., Maciejewski, P. K., &
V. (2006). e role of hyperarousal in the mani- American Psychologist, 61, 117−131. Jacobs, S. C. (2000). Adverse life events and
festation of posttraumatic psychological distress cognitive-personality characteristics in the pre-
following injury. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Matson, J. L., & Ollendick, T. H. (1977). Issues in toi- diction of major depression and antidepressant
115, 624–628. let training normal children. Behavior Therapy, response. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157,
8, 549–553. 896–903.
Martens, W. H. J. (2002, January). e hidden suffer-
ing of the psychopath. Psychiatric Times, 19. Matsuda, L. A., Lolait, S. J., Brownstein, M. J., Young, Mcallister, H. A., Baker, J. D., Mannes, C., Stewart,
A. C., & Bonner, T. I. (1990). Structure of a can- H., & Sutherland, A. (2002). e optimal margin
Martin, A., Wiggs, C. L., Ungerfelder, L. G., & Haxby, nabinoid receptor and functional expression of of illusion hypothesis: Evidence from self-serving
J. V. (1996). Neural correlates of category-specific the cloned cDNA. Nature, 346, 561–564. bias and personality disorders. Journal of Social
knowledge. Nature, 379, 649–652. and Clinical Psychology, 21, 414–426.
Matsumoto, D., Consolacion, T., Yamada, H., Suzuki,
Martin, C. L. (2000). Cognitive theories of gender R., Franklin, B., Paul, S., Ray, R., & Uchida, H. McAuliffe, K. (2008, September 28). Mental fitness.
development. In T. Eckes & H. M. Trautner (Eds.), (2002). American-Japanese cultural differences Discover, 56−60.
The developmental social psychology of gender. in judgments of emotional expression of different
Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. intensities. Cognition and Emotion, 16, 721–747. McCall, R. B. (1994). Academic underachievers.
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 3,
Martin, C. L., Ruble, D. N., & Szrkrybalo, J. (2002). Matsumoto, D., & Ekman, P. (1989). American- 15–19.
Cognitive theories of early gender development. Japanese cultural differences in intensity ratings
Psychological Bulletin, 128, 903–933. of facial expressions of emotion. Motivation and McCarry, J. (1996, May). Peru begins again. National
Emotion, 13, 143–157. Geographic.
Martin, G. L. (1982). ought-stopping and stimu-
lus control to decrease persistent disturbing Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2008). Culture and psy- McCarthy, T. (2005, October 24). Getting inside your
thoughts. Journal of Behavior Therapy and chology (4th ed). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. head. Time, 95–97.
Experimental Psychiatry, 13, 215–220.
Matsumoto, D., Keltner, D., Shiota, M. N., O’Sullivan, McClain, D. L. (2005, June 29). Machine clobbers
Martin, J. K., Pescosolido, B. A., & Tuch, S. A. (2000). M., & Frank, M. (2008). Facial expressions of man. The New York Times, B2.
Of fear and loathing: e role of “disturbing emotion. Cited in M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones
behavior,” labels, and causal attributions in shap- & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (3rd McClearn, G. E., Johansson, B., Berg, S., Pedersen, N.
ing public attitudes toward people with mental ed., pp. 211−234). New York: Guilford Press. L., Ahern, F., Petrill, S. A., & Plomin, R. (1997).
illness. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41, Substantial genetic influence on cognitive abili-
208−223. Matsumoto, D., & Willingham, B. (2009). Spontaneous ties in twins 80 or more years old. Science, 276,
facial expression of emotion of congenitally and 1560–1563.
Martin, L. (1986). Eskimo words for snow: A case noncongenitally blind individuals. Journal of
study in the genesis and decay of an anthropo- Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1−10. McClelland, D. C. (1985). Human motivation.
logical example. American Anthropologist, 88, Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
418–423. Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2003).
Personality traits (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge McClelland, D. C., Atkinson, J. W., Clark, R. W., &
664 R E F E R E N C E S University Press. Lowell, E. L. (1953). The achievement motive. New
York: Appleton-Century-Cro s.

McClelland, J. L. (2005). Connectionist models of McGowan, P. O., Sasaki, A., D’Alessio, A. C., Dymov, Melzack, R., & Katz, J. (2004). The gate control theory:
memory. In E. Tulving & F. M. Craik (Eds.), The S., Labonté, B., Szyf, M., Turecki, G., & Meaney, Reaching for the brain. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence
Oxford handbook of memory. New York: Oxford M. J. (2009, March). Epigenetic regulation of the Erlbaum.
University Press. glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associ-
ates with childhood abuse. Nature Neuroscience, Menchetti, M., Murri, M. B., Bertakis, K., Bortolotti,
McClure, S. M., Li, J., Tomlin, D., Cypert, K. S., 12, 342−343. B., & Berardi, D. (2009). Recognition and treat-
Montague, L. M., & Montague, P. R. (2004a). ment of depression in primary care: Effect of
Neural correlates of behavioral preference for cul- McGrath, B. B. (2003). A view from the other side: patients’ presentation and frequency of consul-
turally familiar drinks. Neuron, 44, 379–387. e place of spirits in the Tongan social field. tation. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 66,
335−341.
McClure, S. M., Li, J., Tomlin, D., Cypert, K. S., Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 27, 29–48.
Montague, L. M., & Montague, P. R. (2004b, McHugh, P. (2009, February 25). Cited in S. Friess, Mendelson, J. H., Mello, N. K., Schuckit, M. A., &
October 25). In H. Fields, Coke vs. Pepsi: How Segal, D. S. (2006). Cocaine, opioids, and other
does your brain react to so drinks? U.S. News & A shadow of regret cast over gender switch. USA commonly abused drugs. In S. L. Hauser (Ed.),
World Report. Today, 5D. Harrison’s neurology in clinical medicine
McIntosh, A. R., & Lobaugh, N. J. (2003). When is a (pp. 625–632). New York: McGraw-Hill.
McConnell, E. S. (2006, February). DARE middle word not a word? Science, 301, 322–323.
school program revamped. Middle Ground, 33–44. McIntosh, V. V. W., Jordan, J., Carter, F. A., Luty, S. Meng, X., He , M. W., Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J.
E., McKenzie, J. M., Bulik, C. M., Frampton, C. (2007). Effect of fear on dental utilization behav-
McConnell, J. V., Cutler, R. L., & McNeil, E. B. (1958). M. A., & Joyce, P. R. (2005). ree psychothera- iors and oral health outcome. Community Dental
Subliminal stimulation: An overview. American pies for anorexia nervosa: A randomized, con- Oral Epidemiology, 35, 292−301.
Psychologist, 13, 229–242. trolled trial. The American Journal of Psychiatry,
162, 741−747. Menon, V., & Desmond, J. E. (2001). Le superior
McCrae, R. (2008, September 1). Cited in S. Begley, McKay, A. (2005). Sexuality and substance use: e parietal cortex involvement in writing: Integrating
e geography of personality. Newsweek, 65. impact of tobacco, alcohol, and selected recre- fMRI with lesion evidence. Cognitive Brain
ational drugs on sexual function. The Canadian Research, 12, 337–340.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1999). A five-factor Journal of Human Sexuality, 14, 47–56.
theory of personality. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John McKerracher, L., & Ellezam, B. (2002). Putting the Mercuri, N. B., & Bernardi, G. (2005). e “magic” of
(Eds.), Handbook of personality (2nd ed.). New brakes on regeneration. Science, 296, 1819–1820. L-dopa: Why is it the gold standard Parkinson’s
York: Guilford Press. McKie, R. (2005, July 31). Chemical kiss turns kids disease therapy? Trends in Pharmacological
into adolescents. Observer. Sciences, 26, 341–344.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (Eds.). (2003). McNally, G. P., & Westbrook, R. F. (2006). Predicting
Personality in adulthood (2nd ed.). New York: danger: e nature, consequences, and neural Merz, C. N. B., Dwyer, J., Nordstrom, C. K., Walton,
Guilford Press. mechanisms of predictive fear learning. Learning K. G., Salerno, J. W., & Schneider, R. H. (2002).
& Memory, 13, 245–253. Psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease:
McCrae, R. R., Costa, P. T., Jr., Hrebickova, M., McNeil, D. W., Sorrell, J. T., & Vowles, K. E. (2006). Pathophysiological links. Behavioral Medicine,
Osteandorf, F., Angleitner, A., Avia, M., Sanz, Emotional and environmental determinants of 27, 141–147.
J., Sanchez-Bernardos, M. L., Kusdil, M. E., dental pain. In D. I. Mostofsky, A. G. Forgione
Woodfield, R., Saunders, P. R., & Smith, P. B. & D. B. Giddon (Eds.), Behavioral dentistry Messager, S. (2006). Kisspeptin and its receptors:
(2000). Nature over nurture: Temperament, per- (pp. 79−98). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. New gatekeepers of puberty. British Society for
sonality and life-span development. Journal of McNeill, D., & Coonan, C. (2006, April 2). Japanese Neuroendocrinology, 24.
Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 173–186. flock to China for organ transplants. Japan Focus.
McRonald, F. E., & Fleisher, D. R. (2005). Anticipatory Mestel, R. (1999, January). Sexual chemistry.
McCrea, S. M., Liberman, N., Trope, Y., & Sherman, nausea in cyclical vomiting. BMC Pediatrics, 5. Discover, 32.
S. J. (2008). Construal level and procrastination. McVeigh, K. (2006, August 24). Limiting expert’s
Psychological Science, 19, 1308−1314. eyewitness-reliability testimony upends carjack- Mestel, R. (2003a, April 15). Human Genome is com-
ing verdict. Expert & Scientific Evidence Litigation pleted: Now comes the hard part. Los Angeles
McDaniel, M. A. (2005). Big-brained people are Reporter, 3. Times, A18.
smarter: A meta-analysis of the relationship McWhorter, J. H. (2000). Losing the race. New York:
between in vivo brain volume and intelligence. Free Press. Mestel, R. (2003b, May 19). Rorschach tested. Los
Intelligence, 33, 337–346. Means, M. K., & Edinger, J. D. (2006). Neuropharma- Angeles Times, F1.
cologic therapy for insomnia. In T. L. Lee-Chiong
McDaniel, M. A., & Einstein, G. O. (1986). Bizarre (Ed.), Sleep: A comprehensive handbook (pp. 133– Mesulam, M. (2008). Aphasia, memory loss, and
imagery as an effective memory aid: e impor- 136). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. other focal cerebral disorders. In A. S. Fauci,
tance of distinctiveness. Journal of Experimental Mechelli, A., Crinion, J. T., Noppeney, U., O’Doherty, E. Braunwald, D. L. Kasper, S. L. Hauser, D.
Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 12, J., Ashburner, J., Frackowiak, R. S., & Price, C. J. L. Longo, J. L. Jameson & J. Loscaizo (Eds.),
54–65. (2004). Neurolinguistics: Structural plasticity in Harrison’s principles of internal medicine (17th
the bilingual brain. Nature, 431, 97. ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
McDougall, W. (1908). Social psychology. New York: Medical News Today. (2005, May 25). $77 billion in
Putnam. lost income is attributed to ADHD annually in USA Metrebian, N., Shanahan, W., Stimson, G. V.,
[On-line]. Available: http://www.medicalnews Small, C., Lee, M., Mtutu, V., & Wells, B. (2001).
McDowell, J. (1992, February 17). Are women better today.com/ medicalnews.php?newsid=24988. Prescribing drug of choice to opiate dependent
cops? Time. Medical robot succeeds in removing brain tumor. drug users: A comparison of clients receiving
(2002, December). Japan, Inc. heroin with those receiving injectable methadone
McEachin, J. J., Smith, T., & Lovaas, O. I. (1993). Megargee, E. I. (1997). Internal inhibitions and con- at a West London drug clinic. Drug and Alcohol
Long-term outcome for children with autism who trols. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson & S. Briggs (Eds.), Review, 20, 267–276.
received early intensive behavioral interventions. Handbook of personality psychology. New York:
American Journal on Mental Retardation, 97, Academic Press. Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2006, May 27). Cited in B.
359–372. Meier, D. (2000). The accelerated learning handbook. Bower, Violent developments. Disruptive kids
New York: McGraw-Hill. grow into their behavior. Science News, 169,
McEdwards, C. (2008, March 28). Cited in CNN, Melamed, S., Shirom, A., Toker, S., Berliner, S., & 328–329.
Autistic poet gives rare glimpse into mystery illness Shapira, I. (2006). Burnout and risk of cardio-
[On-line]. Available: http://www.cnn.com/2008/ vascular disease: Evidence, possible causal paths, Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2009, April/May). Perturbed
US/03/28/Tito.autism/index.html#cnnSTCText. and promising research directions. Psychological personalities. Scientific American Mind, 40−43.
Bulletin, 132, 327–353.
McElrath, D. (1997). e Minnesota model. Journal of Melzack, R. (1989). Phantom limbs, the self and the MFMER (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education
Psychoactive Drugs, 29, 141–144. brain. Canadian Psychology, 30, 1–16. and Research). (2005, August 8). Adolescent sleep
Melzack, R. (1997). Phantom limbs. Scientific problems: Why is your teen so tired? [On-line].
McEwen, B. S. (2002, December 17). Cited in E. American, Special Issue, 84–91. Available: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/
Goode, e heavy cost of stress. The New York teens-health/CC00019.
Times, D1.
Michels, S. (2008, September 24). Doctors warn of
McGaugh, J. L. (1990). Significance and remem- dangers of texting and walking. ABC News.
brance: e role of neuromodulatory systems.
Psychological Science, 1, 15–25. Mieda, M., Williams, S. C., Richardson, J. A., Tanaka,
K., & Yanagisawa, M. (2006). e dorsomedial
McGaugh, J. L. (1999, February). Cited in B. Azar, hypothalamic nucleus as a putative food-entrain-
McGaugh blazes on down his own path to keys of able circadian pacemaker. Proceedings of the
memory. APA Monitor, 18. National Academy of Sciences, 103, 12150–12155.

McGilvray, J. (2004). The Cambridge companion to Miesner, M. T., & Maki, R. H. (2007). e role of
Chomsky. Oxford: Cambridge University Press. anxiety in absolute and relative metacomprehen-
sion accuracy. European Journal of Cognitive
McGirk, T. (2007, May 14). Moms and martyrs. Time, Psychology, 19, 650−670.
48−50.
R E F E R E N C E S 665
McGowan, K. (2009, July/August). Out of the past.
Discover, 30−37.

Mieszkowski, K. (2007, July). Spiked! Reader’s Digest, Miller, W. R., & C’de Baca, J. (2001). Quantum Monti, J. M., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., & Nutt, D. J.
110−115. change. New York: Guilford Press. (Eds.). (2008). Serotonin and sleep: Molecular,
functional, and clinical aspects. Basel,
Mignot, E. (2000, August 30). Cited in A. Manning, Milling, L. S. (2008). Is high hypnotic suggestibility Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag.
Narcolepsy is caused by loss of particular brain necessary for successful hypnotic pain intervention?
cells. USA Today, D10. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 12, 98−102. Montoya, A. G., Sorrentino, R., Lukas, S. E., & Price,
B. H. (2002). Long-term neuropsychiatric conse-
Mignot, E. (2002, January 8). Cited in D. Tuller, A Milling, L. S., Reardon, J. M., & Carosella, G. M. quences of “ecstasy” (MDMA): A review. Harvard
quiet revolution for those prone to nodding off. (2006). Meditation and moderation of psychologi- Review of Psychiatry, 10, 212–220.
The New York Times, D7. cal pain treatments: Response expectancies and
hypnotic suggestibility. Journal of Consulting and Moore, D. W. (2005, June 16). ree in four
Milgram, N. A., Dangour, W., & Raviv, A. (1992). Clinical Psychology, 74, 253−262. Americans believe in paranormal. Gallup Poll
Situational and personal determinants of aca- News Service.
demic procrastination. Journal of General Milrod, B., Leon, A. C., Busch, F., Gudden, M.,
Psychology, 119, 123–133. Schwalberg, M., Clarkin, J., Aronson, A., Singer, Moore, R. Y. (2006). Biological rhythms and sleep.
M., Turchin, W., Klass, E. T., Graf, E., Teres, J. J., In T. L. Lee-Chiong (Ed.), Sleep: A comprehensive
Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. & Shear, M. K. (2007). A randomized controlled handbook (pp. 25–29). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley
Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, clinical trial of psychoanalytic psychotherapy for & Sons.
371–378. panic disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry,
164, 265–272. Moran, M. (2004). Treating depression as
Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to authority. New York: chronic brings positive results. Psychiatric
Harper & Row. Miltenberger, R. G. (2007). Behavioral modification: News, 39, 2.
Principles and procedures (4th ed.). Belmont, CA:
Milgrom, P., Mancl, L., King, B., & Weinstein, Wadsworth Cengage. Moreira, F. A., & Lutz, B. (2008). e endocannabi-
P. (1995). Origins of childhood dental fear. noid system: Emotion, learning, and addiction.
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 313–319. Milton, J., & Wiseman, R. (1999). Does Psi exist? Lack Addiction Biology, 13, 196−212.
of replication of an anomalous process of informa-
Milgrom, P., Quang, J. Z., & Tay, K. M. (1994). Cross- tion transfer. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 387–391. Moreno, J. D. (2006, December/2007, January).
cultural validity of a parent’s version of the Dental Juicing the brain. Scientific American Mind,
Fear Survey Schedule for children in Chinese. Milton, J., & Wiseman, R. (2001). Does Psi exist: 66−73.
Behavior Research and Therapy, 32, 131–135. Reply to Storm and Ertel (2001). Psychological
Bulletin, 127, 434–438. Morewedge, C. K., & Norton, M. I. (2009). When
Milgrom, P., Vigehesa, H., & Weinstein, P. (1992). dreaming is believing: e (motivated) interpre-
Adolescent dental fear and control: Prevalence Mirsky, A. F., & Quinn, O. W. (1988). e Genain tation of dreams. Journal of Personality and Social
and theoretical implications. Behavior Research quadruplets. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 14, 595–612. Psychology, 96, 249−264.
and Therapy, 30, 367–373.
Mischel, W. (1968). Personality and assessment. New Morey, L. C. (1997). Personality diagnosis and per-
Milham, M. P., Erickson, K. I., Banich, M. T., Kramer, York: Wiley. sonality disorders. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson & S.
A. F., Webb, A., Wszalek, T., & Cohen, H. J. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology.
(2002). Attentional control in the aging brain: Mischel, W., & Peake, P. K. (1982). Beyond deja vu New York: Academic Press.
Insights from an fMRI study of the Stroop task. in the search for cross-situational consistency.
Brain and Cognition, 49, 277–296. Psychological Review, 89, 730–755. Morgan, A. B., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2000). A meta-
analytic review of the relation between antisocial
Miller, A. (Ed.). (2005). The social psychology of good Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective behavior and neuropsychological measures of
and evil. New York: Guilford Press. system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing executive function. Clinical Psychology Review,
situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance 20, 113–136.
Miller, B. L., & Cummings, J. L. (Eds.). (2007). The of personality structure. Psychological Review,
human front lobes (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford 102, 246–268. Morgan, D. (1995, July 11). Cited in C. Sullivan,
Press. Mother called fit for trial in sons’ deaths. San
Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Rodriguez, M. L. (1989). Diego Union-Tribune.
Miller, C. (2008, September 22). Sad brain, happy Delay of gratification in children. Science, 244,
brain. Newsweek, 50−56. 933–937. Morgan, M. (1985). Self-monitoring of attained sub-
goals in private study. Journal of Educational
Miller, F. G., Quill, T. E., Brody, H., Fletcher, J. C., Mitchell, J. E., Agras, S., & Wonderlich, S. (2007). Psychology, 77, 623−630.
Gostin, L. O., & Meier, D. E. (1994). Regulating Treatment of bulimia nervosa: Where are we
physician-assisted death. New England Journal of and where are we going? International Journal of Morral, A. R., McCaffrey, D. F., & Paddock, S. M.
Medicine, 331, 119–122. Eating Disorders, 40, 95−101. (2002). Reassessing the marijuana gateway effect.
Addiction, 97, 1493–1504.
Miller, G. (1956). e magical number seven, plus Miyamoto, R. T. (2008). Meniere’s disease. Cited in
or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for The Merck manual online medical library: Home Morrison, A. (1993). Cited in H. Herzog, Animal
information processing. Psychological Review, 48, edition [On-line]. Available: http://www.merck rights and wrongs. Science, 262, 1906–1908.
337–442. .com/mmhe.
Morrongiello, B. A., & Hogg, K. (2004). Mother reac-
Miller, G. (2003). Singing in the brain. Science, 299, Miyazaki, T., Ishikawa, T., Iimori, H., Miki, A., tions to children misbehaving in ways that can
646–648. Wenner, M., Fukunishi, I., & Kawawura, N. (2003). lead to injury: Implications for gender differences
Relationship between perceived social support and in children’s risk taking and injuries. Sex Roles,
Miller, G. (2009, March 20). Rewiring faulty circuits immune function. Stress and Health, 19, 3–7. 50, 1003–1018.
in the brain. Science, 323, 1554−1556.
MjBFs, O. D. (2004, December 10). The Nobel Morrow, E. M., Yoo, S., Flavell, S. W., Kim, T., Lin, Y.,
Miller, G., Tybur, J. M., & Jordan, B. D. (2007). Peace Prize 2004 presentation speech [On-line]. Hill, R. S., Mukaddes, N. M., Balkhy, S., Gascon,
Ovulatory cycle effects on tip earning by lap Available: http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/ G., Hashmi, A., Al-Saad, S., Ware, J., Joseph, R.
dancers: Economic evidence for human estrus? peace/laureates/2004/presentation-speech.html. M., Greenblatt, R., Gleason, D., Ertely, J. A., Apse,
Evolution and Human Behavior, 28, 375−381. K. A., Bodell, A., Partlow, J. N., Barry, B., Yao, H.,
Moe, K. A., & Son, M. H. (2005, July). Tradition or Markianos, K., Ferland, R. J., Greenberg, M. E., &
Miller, J. (1995, April). Cited in T. DeAngelis, Research sideshow? The Irrawaddy. Walsh, C. A. (2008). Identifying autism loci and
documents trauma of abuse. APA Monitor. genes by tracing recent shared ancestry. Science,
Moffitt, T. E. (2005). e new look of behavioral 321, 218−223.
Miller, K. (2007, November). Class act. Reader’s genetics in development psychopathology: Gene-
Digest, 114−119. environment interplay in antisocial behaviors. Morse, J. (2002, April 1). Women on a binge. Time,
Psychological Bulletin, 131, 533–554. 56–62.
Miller, M. (2003, July 7). When anxiety runs sky-
high. Los Angeles Times, F1. Money, J. (1987). Sin, sickness or status? American Mortensen, E. L., Michaelsen, K. F., Sanders, S. A., &
Psychologist, 42, 384–399. Reinisch, J. M. (2002). e association between
Miller, M. A., & Rahe, R. H. (1997). Life changes duration of breastfeeding and adult intelligence.
scaling for the 1990s. Journal of Psychosomatic Monk, T. H., Kennedy, K. S., Rose, L. R., & Linenger, The Journal of the American Medical Association,
Research, 43, 279–292. J. M. (2001). Decreased human circadian 287, 2365–2371.
pacemaker influence a er 100 days in space.
Miller, M. C. (2005, October 3). e dangers of Psychosomatic Medicine, 63, 881–885. Morton, S. (2004, November 1). Rare disease makes
chronic disease. Newsweek, 58–59. girl unable to feel pain. Associated Press.
Montgomery, G. H. (2008). Hypnosis may reduce
Miller, M. C. (2007, December 10). Diagnosis: Same pain, cost associated with breast cancer surgery. Mosconi, L., Tsui, W. H., De Danti, S., Li, J., Rusinek,
as it never was. Newsweek, 86. Cited in H. Lindsey, Oncology Times, 30, 37−38. H., Convit, A., Li, Y., Boppana, M., & de Leon, M.
J. (2005). Reduced hippocampal metabolism in
Miller, R. (2003, November). Cited in K. Wright, Montgomery, G. H., & Bovbjerg, D. H. (1997). e MCI and AD: Automated FDG-PET image analy-
Staying alive. Discover, 64–70. development of anticipatory nausea in patients sis. Neurology, 64, 1860–1867.
receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast can-
Miller, W. R., & C’de Baca, J. (1994). Quantum change: cer. Physiology & Behavior, 61, 737–741.
Toward a psychology of transformation. In T.
F. Heatherton & J. L. Weinberger (Eds.), Can
personality change? Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association.

666 R E F E R E N C E S

Moscovitch, D. A., Antony, M. A., & Swinson, R. P. Murray, C. D., Pettifer, S., Howard, T., Patchick, Nathan, L., & Judd, H. L. (2007). Menopause and
(2008). Exposure-based treatments for anxiety E. L., Caillette, F., Kulkarni, J., & Bamford, C. postmenopause. In A. H. DeCherney, L. Nathan,
disorders: eory and process. In M. M. Antony (2007). e treatment of phantom limb pain using T. M. Goodwin & N. Laufer (Eds.), Current diag-
& M. B. Stein (Eds.), Oxford handbook of anxiety immersive virtual reality: ree case studies. nosis & treatment obstetrics & gynecology (10th
and related disorders (pp. 461−475). New York: Disability & Rehabilitation, 29, 1465−1469. ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Oxford University Press.
Murray, H. (1943). Thematic Apperception Test man- Nathan, P. E., Stuart, S. P., & Dolan, S. L. (2000).
Mosher, W. D., Chandra, A., & Jones, J. (2005, ual. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Research of psychotherapy efficacy and effective-
September 15). Sexual behavior and selected ness: Between Scylla and Charybdis. Psychological
health measures: Men and woman 15–44 years Murray, J. P., Liotti, M., Ingmundson, P. T., Mayberg, Bulletin, 126, 964–981.
of age, United States, 2002. Centers for Disease H. S., Pu, Y., Zamarripa, F., Liu, Y., Woldorff, M.
Control and Prevention: Advance data from vital G., Gao, J., & Fox, P. T. (2006). Children’s brain NCI (National Cancer Institute). (2008). Nausea and
and health statistics, 362. activations while viewing televised violence vomiting [On-line]. Available: http://www.cancer
revealed by fMRI. Media Psychology, 8, 25–37. .gov/cancertopics/pdq/supportivecare/nausea/
Moss, D. (2002). e roots and genealogy of humanis- patient.
tic psychology. In K. J. Schneider, J. F. T. Bugental Murray, R. M., Morrison, P. D., Henquet, C., & Di
& J. F. Pierson (Eds.), The handbook of humanistic Forti, M. (2007). Cannabis, the mind and society: Neath, I., & Suprenant, A. M. (2003). Human memory
psychology: Leading edges in theory, research, and e hash realities. Nature Review Neuroscience, (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/ omson
practice. ousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 8, 885−895. Learning.

Mozes, A. (2008, May 7). Virtual reality therapy may Murray, S. L. (2005). Regulating the risks of close- Neher, A. (1991). Maslow’s theory of motivation: A
help PTSD patients. U.S. News & World Report ness: A relationship specific sense of felt security. critique. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 31,
[On-line]. Available: http://health.usnews.com/ Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 89–112.
usnews/health/healthday/080507/virtual-reality 74–78.
-therapy-may-help-ptsd-patients.htm. Neimark, J. (2009, Winter). Are recovered memories
Murray, S. O., Kersten, D., Olhausen, B. A., Schrater, real? Discover, 22−28.
MSNBC. (2006, June 19). Parents split on STD shot for P., & Woods, D. L. (2002). Shape perception
preteens [On-line]. Available: http://www.msnbc reduces activity in human primary visual cortex. Neisser, U., Boodoo, G., Bourchard, T. J., Jr., Boykin,
.com/id/12956410/. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, A. W., Brody, N., Ceci, S. J., Halpern, D. R.,
99, 15164–15169. Lochlin, J. C., Perloff, R., Sternberg, R. J., &
Mueser, K. T., Bolton, E., & McGurk, S. R. (2006). Urbina, S. (1996). Intelligence: Knowns and
Schizophrenia. In M. Hersen & J. C. omas Musacchia, G., Sams, M., Skoe, E., & Kraus, N. unknowns. American Psychologist, 51, 77−101.
(Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of personality (2007). Musicians have enhanced subcortical
and psychopathology: Adult psychopathology auditory and audiovisual processing of speech Neisser, U., & Libby, L. K. (2005). Remembering life
(Vol. 2, pp. 262–277). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and music. Proceedings of the National Academy experiences. In E. Tulving & F. M. Craik (Eds.),
& Sons. of Sciences, 104, 15894−15898. The Oxford handbook of memory. New York:
Oxford University Press.
Mukhopadhyay, T. R. (2000). Beyond the silence: My Musek, J. (2007). A general factor of personality:
life, the world and autism. London: e National Evidence for the Big One in the five-factor model. Neitz, M., & Neitz, J. (1995). Numbers and ratios of
Autistic Society. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 1213−1233. visual pigment genes for normal red-green color
vision. Science, 267, 1013–1016.
Mukhopadhyay, T. R. (2003). The mind tree: A mirac- Musto, D. F. (1996, April). Alcohol in American his-
ulous child breaks the silence of autism. New York: tory. Scientific American, 78–83. Nelson, C. A., III, Zeanah, C. H., Fox, N. A., Marshall,
Arcade Publishing. P. J., Smyke, A. T., & Guthrie, D. (2007). Cognitive
Musto, D. F. (1999). e impact of public attitudes recovery in socially deprived young children: e
Mukhopadhyay, T. R. (2008). How can I talk if my lips on drug abuse research in the twentieth cen- Bucharest early intervention project. Science, 318,
don’t move: Inside my autistic mind. New York: tury. In M. D. Glantz & C. R. Hartel (Eds.), Drug 1937−1940.
Arcade Publishing. abuse: Origins & interventions. Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association. Nelson, D. L. (2004). 5-HT5 receptors. Current Drug
Mullin, B. C., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2007). Emotion regu- Targets. CNS Neurological Disorders, 3, 53–58.
lation and externalizing disorders in children and Mydans, S. (2003, March 11). Clustering in cities, Asians
adolescents. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emo- are becoming obese. The New York Times, A3. Nelson, G., Westhues, A., & MacLeod, J. (2003).
tion regulation (pp. 523–541). New York: Guilford A meta-analysis of longitudinal research on
Press. Myrtek, M. (1995). Type A behavior pattern, per- preschool prevention programs for children.
sonality factors, disease, and physiological reac- Prevention & Treatment, 6, 116–133.
Mullins, L. (2008, August 18/August 25). Tapping tivity: A metaanalytic update. Personality and
the brain for growth. U.S. News & World Report, Individual Differences, 18, 491–502. Nelson, R. J., Demas, G. E., Huang, P. L., Fishman, M.
51−54. C., Dawson, V. L., Dawson, T. M., & Snyder, S. H.
Nagarahole, E. L. (1994, March 28). Tigers on the (1995). Behavioural abnormalities in male mice
Mumford, M. D., Connelly, M. S., Helton, W. B., brink. Time. lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Nature,
Strange, J. M., & Osburn, H. K. (2001). On the 378, 383–386.
construct validity of integrity tests: Individual Nagtegaal, J. E., Laurant, M. W., Kerkof, G. A., Smits,
and situational factors as predictors of test per- M. G., van der Meer, Y. G., & Coenen, A. M. L. Nemeroff, C. G. (2007). e burden of severe depres-
formance. International Journal of Selection and (2000). Effects of melatonin on the quality of life sion: A review of diagnostic challenges and treat-
Assessment, 9, 240–257. in patients with delayed sleep phase syndrome. ment alternatives. Journal of Psychiatric Research,
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 48, 45–50. 41, 189–206.
Mungadze, J. (2008, April 14). Cited in B. Woodruff,
J. Hennessey & J. Hill, Herschel Walker: “Tell the Naimi, T. S., Brewer, R. D., Mokdad, A., Denny, C., Nes, L. S., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2006). Dispositional
world my truth.” ABC News. Serdula, M. K., & Marks, J. S. (2003). Binge drink- optimism and coping: A meta-analytic review.
ing among U.S. adults. Journal of the American Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10,
Munoz, H. (2003, May 30). Working to get more Medical Association, 289, 70–75. 235−251.
female police officers. Los Angeles Times, B2.
Naish, P. L. N. (2006). Time to explain the nature of Nesse, R. M. (2005). Evolutionary psychology and
Munsey, C. (2006, June 6). RxP legislation made his- hypnosis? Contemporary Hypnosis, 23, 33−46. mental health. In D. M. Buss (Ed.), The handbook
toric progress in Hawaii. Monitor on Psychology, of evolutionary psychology (pp. 903−927). New
37, 42. NAMH (National Alliance on Mental Health). (2008, York: Wiley.
August 18). Cited in A. Johnson, Half of college stu-
Munsey, C. (2008a, February). Prescriptive authority dents consider suicide. MSNBC [On-line]. Available: Nestler, E. (2005, January 17). In M. D. Lemonick,
in the states. Monitor on Psychology, 60. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26272639. e biology of joy. Time, 12–17.

Munsey, C. (2008b, December). Success on the state NAMHC (National Advisory Mental Health Council). Netting, J. (2001). Teams find probable gene for sweet
level. Monitor on Psychology, 18−19. (1996). Basic behavioral science research for mental sense. Science News, 159, 263.
health: Perception, attention, learning, and mem-
Murat, I., Bekir, O., Selhan, K., Zuhal, Y., Bulent, O., ory. American Psychologist, 51, 133–142. Neugarten, B. (1994, May). Cited in B. Azar, Women
Hasmet, H., & Me ure, E. (2005). Destructive are barraged by media on “the change.” APA
stereotaxic surgery for treatment of dystonia. Nangle, D. W., Erdley, C. A., Carpenter, E. M., & Monitor.
Surgical Neurology, 64, 289–295. Newman, J. E. (2002). Social skills training as a
treatment for aggressive children and adolescents: Neverlien, P. O., & Johnsen, T. B. (1991). Optimism-
Murray, C. D., Patchick, E., Pettifer, S., Howard, T., A developmental-clinical integration. Aggression pessimism dimension and dental anxiety in
Caillette, F., Kulkarni, J., & Bamford, C. (2006). and Violent Behavior, 7, 169–199. children aged 10–12. Community Dentistry Oral
Investigating the efficacy of a virtual mirror Epidemiology, 19, 342–346.
box in treating phantim limb pain in a sample Nash, J. M. (2002, November 11). Inside the womb.
of chronic sufferers. International Journal of Time, 68–78. Newcombe, N. S. (2002). e nativist-empiricist con-
Disability and Human Development, 5, 227−234. troversy in the context of recent research on spa-
Nash, M. R. (2001, July). e truth and the hype of tial and quantitative development. Psychological
hypnosis. Scientific American, 47–55. Science, 13, 395–401.

R E F E R E N C E S 667

Newman, C. F. (2006). Bipolar disorder. In M. Hersen Nisbett, R. (2000, August 8). Cited in E. Goode, How Nurius, P. S., & Berlin, S. S. (1994). Treatment of
& J. C. omas (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook culture molds habits of thought. The New York negative self-concept and depression. In D. K.
of personality and psychopathology: Adult psy- Times, D1. Granvold (Ed.), Cognitive and behavioral treat-
chopathology (Vol. 2, pp. 244–261). Hoboken, NJ: ment: Methods and applications. Pacific Grove,
John Wiley & Sons. Nisbett, R. (2007). Eastern and western ways of per- CA: Brooks/Cole.
ceiving the world. In Y. Shoda, D. Cervone & G.
Newman, L. S. (2001). A cornerstone for the science Downey (Eds.), Persons in context: Building a Nurnberg, H. G., Hensley, P. L., Heiman, J. R., Cro ,
of interpersonal behavior? Person perception and science of the individual (pp. 62−83). New York: H. A., Debattista, C., & Paine, S. (2008). Sildenafil
person memory, past, present, and future. In G. Guilford Press. treatment of women with antidepressant asso-
B. Moskowitz (Ed.), Cognitive social psychology. ciated sexual dysfunction. The Journal of the
Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Nisbett, R. E. (2009). Intelligence and how to get it. American Medical Association, 300, 395−404.
New York: W. W. Norton & Co.
Newsweek. (2006, September 18). “I feel good, I feel NY Rock. (2002). By the way? e Chilis are back:
alive,” 62–63. Nisbett, R. E., & Miyamoto, Y. (2005). e influence Interview with Anthony Kiedis of the Red
of culture: Holistic versus analytic perception. Hot Chili Peppers [On-line]. Available: http://
NHGRI (National Human Genome Research Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 467–473. www.nyrock.com/interviews/2002/chili_int2.asp.
Institute). (2008). Genetic testing [On-line].
Available: http://www.genome.gov/pfv.cfm? Nishizawa, S., Benkelfat, C., Young, S. N., Leyton, Nyberg, L., & Cabeza, R. (2005). Brain imaging of
pageID=10002335. M., Mzengeza, S., de Montigny, C., Blier, P., & memory. In E. Tulving & F. M. Craik (Eds.), The
Diksic, M. (1997). Differences between males Oxford handbook of memory. New York: Oxford
NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety and females in rates of serotonin synthesis University Press.
Administration). (2008, September 28). Cited in in human brain. Proceedings of the National
M. vos Savant, Ask Marilyn. Parade, 30. Academy of Sciences of the United States of OACU (Office of Animal Care and Use). (2008).
America, 94, 5308−5313. [On-line]. Available: http://oacu.od.nih.gov/
NIAAA (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and index.htm.
Alcoholism). (2009, March 9). Cited in M. B. Niznikiewicz, M. A., Kubicki, M., & Shenton, M. E.
Marcus, Web initiative urges people to think (2003). Recent structural and functional imag- O’Callaghan, K. (2006, August). Is it okay to spank?
before they drink. USA Today, 5D. ing findings in schizophrenia. Current Opinion in Parenting.
Psychiatry, 16, 123–147.
NICHD (National Institute of Child Health & Ochoa, L. (2007, May 7). Cited in K. Dell, A new
Human Development). (1997). e effects of NMI (National Mutual Insurance). (2008, November driver at the LPGA. Time, Global, 4−6.
infant child care on infant-mother attachment 19). Multitasking in the car. USA Today, 1A.
security: Results of the NICHD study of early O’Connor, D. B., & Shimizu, M. (2002). Sense of
child care. Child Development, 68, 860–879. NNDB (Notable Names Database). (2009). Charlie personal control, stress and coping style: A cross-
Sheen [On-line]. Available: http://www.nnbb/ cultural study. Stress and Health: Journal of the
NICHD. (2005). Autism overview: What we know. com/people/904/000022838/. International Society for the Investigation of Stress,
Available: http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/ 18, 173–183.
pubs/autism_overview_2005.pdf. Noonan, D., & Cowley, G. (2002, July 15). Prozac vs.
placebos. Newsweek, 48–49. O’Donnell, J. (2005, March 2). What other nations do.
Nichols, M. P. (2004). Stop arguing with your kids. USA Today.
New York: Guilford Press. Norcross, J. C. (2005). A primer on psychotherapy
integration. In J. C. Norcross & M. R. Goldfried O’ Donnell, J. (2009, March 30). Efforts to limit cell-
Nicholson, K., & Martelli, M. F. (2004). e prob- (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy integration phone use while driving grow. USA Today, B1.
lem of pain. The Journal of Head Trauma (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Rehabilitation, 19, 2−9. O’Donohue, W., & Fisher, J. E. (2009). General prin-
Norenzayan, A., & Nisbett, R. E. (2000). Culture ciples and empirically supported techniques of cog-
Nicolelis, M. (2007, December/2008, January). Living and causal cognition. Current Directions in nitive behavior therapy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley
with ghostly limbs. Scientific American Mind, Psychological Science, 9, 132–135. & Sons.
52−59.
Noriyuki, D. (1996, February). Breaking down the O’Driscoll, P. (2005, February 28). Wichita cheers
NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse). (2006a). walls. Los Angeles Times, E1. arrest in “BTK” killings. USA Today, 3A.
Crack and cocaine. NIDA InfoFacts. Available:
http://www.drugabuse.gov. Norman, D. A. (1982). Learning and memory. New OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation
York: Freeman. and Development). (2009, May 27). Cited in A. R.
NIDA. (2006b). High school and youth trends. NIDA Carey & A. Gonzalez, Nations’ obesity rates. USA
InfoFacts. Available: http://www.drugabuse.gov. Norris, R. L. (2008). Centipede envenomation. eMedi- Today, 1A.
cine [On-line]. Available: http://www.emedicine
NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse). (2006c, .medscape.com. Oesterle, S., Hill, K. G., Hawkins, J. D., Guo,
July). Tobacco addiction. NIH Publication 06-4342. J., Catalano, R. F., & Abbott, R. D. (2004).
Norungolo, D. (2005, January 19). Colleges and Adolescent heavy episodic drinking trajecto-
Niemi, M. (2009, February/March). Cure in the mind. law enforcement work together to stop the ries and health in young adulthood. Journal on
Scientific American Mind, 42−49. “undetected rapist.” The Beat [On-line]. Studies of Alcohol, 65, 204–212.
Available: http://www.metrobeat.net/Expedite/
NIH (National Institutes of Health). (2005). Content?oid=oid%3A175. Offer, D., Kaiz, M., Howard, K. I., & Bennett, E. S.
Alzheimer’s disease: Fact sheet (NIH Publication (2000). e altering of reported experiences.
03-3431). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Nosofsky, R. M., & Zaki, S. R. (2002). Exemplar and Journal of the American Academy of Child and
Printing Office. prototype models revisited: Response strategies, Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 735–742.
selective attention, and stimulus generalization.
NIH. (2006, February). The future of genetic testing Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Ogden, J. A. (2005). Fractured minds: A case-study
[On-line]. Available: http://www.newsinhealth Memory and Cognition, 28, 924–940. approach to clinical neuropsychology (2nd ed.).
.nih.gov. New York: Oxford University Press.
Nour, N. (2000, July 11). Cited in C. Dreifus, A life
NIH. (2008). Alzheimer’s disease: Fact sheet. NIH devoted to stopping the suffering of mutilation. Ogloff, J. R. P. (2006). Psychopathy/antisocial person-
Publication 08-6423. Washington, DC: U.S. The New York Times, D7. ality disorder continuum. Australian and New
Government Printing Office. Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 519–528.
Novotney, A. (2009, February). Dangerous distrac-
NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health). (2005a). tion. Monitor on Psychology, 32−36. Ohayon, M. M., & Guilleminault, C. (2006).
Depression: What every woman should know. Epidemiology of sleep disorders. In T. L. Lee-
Bethesda, MD: Author. Nowak, R. (1994). Chronobiologists out of sync over Chiong (Ed.), Sleep: A comprehensive handbook
light therapy patents. Science, 263, 1217–1218. (pp. 73–82). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
NIMH. (2008a, June/July). Cited in T. Gura, Addicted
to starvation. Scientific American Mind, 60−67. NSF (National Sleep Foundation). (2003). 2003 Sleep Ohayon, M. M., Lemine, P., Arnaud-Briant, V., &
in America poll. Washington, DC: Author. Dreyfus, M. (2002). Prevalence and consequences
NIMH (2008b). The numbers count: Mental disorders of sleep disorders in a shi worker population.
in America [On-line]. Available: http://www NSF. (2005). 2005 Sleep in America poll. Washington, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 577–583.
.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-numbers DC: Author.
-count-mental-disorders-in-america/index.shtml. Ohl, F. W., & Scheich. H. (2007, April/May). Chips in
NSF. (2006). 2006 Sleep in America poll. Washington, your head. Scientific American Mind, 64−69.
NIMH. (2009a). Cited in APA, Finding help: How to DC: Author.
choose a psychotherapist. American Psychological Ohman, A. (2002). Automaticity and the amygdala:
Association Help Center [On-line]. Available: http:// NSF. (2008). 2008 Sleep in America poll. Washington, Nonconscious responses to emotional faces. Current
www.apahelpcenter.org/articles/article.php?id=51. DC: Author. Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 62–66.

NIMH. (2009b). Suicide in the U.S.: Statistics and pre- Nunn, J. A., Gregory, L. J., Brammer, M., Williams, Ohman, A. (2009). Human fear conditioning and the
vention. NIH Publication 06-4594. S. C. R., Parslow, D. M., Morgan, M. J., Morris, R. amygdala. Cited in P. J. Whalen & E. A. Phelps
G., Bullmore, E. T., Baron-Cohen, S., & Gray, J. (Eds.), The human amygdala (pp. 118−154). New
Nisbet, M. (1998, May/June). Psychic telephone net- A. (2002). Functional magnetic resonance imag- York: Guilford Press.
works profit on yearning, gullibility. Skeptical ing of synesthesia: Activation of V4/V8 by spoken
Inquirer, 5–6. words. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 371−375.

668 R E F E R E N C E S

Ojeda, S. R., Lomniczi, A., Mastronardi, C., Heger, S., Ozer, D. J. (1999). Four principles for personality assess- Paulozzi, L. J. (2006). Opioid analgesic involvement
Roth, C., Parent, A. S., Matagne, V., & Mungenast, ment. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook in drug abuse deaths in American metropolitan
A. E. (2006). e neuroendocrine regulation of of personality (2nd ed.), New York: Guilford Press. areas. American Journal of Public Health, 96,
puberty: Is the time ripe for a systems biology 1755−1757.
approach? Endocrinology, 147, 1166–1174. Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S.
(2003). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disor- Payne, D. G., Toglia, M. P., & Anastasi, J. S. (1994).
Okado, Y., & Stark, C. E. L. (2005). Neural activity der and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. Recognition performance level and the magni-
during encoding predicts false memories created Psychological Bulletin, 129, 52–71. tude of the misinformation effect in eyewitness
by misinformation. Learning & Memory, 12, 3−11. memory. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 1,
Paabo, S. (2003, July 15). Cited in N. Wade, Early voices: 376–382.
Olfson, M., & Marcus, S. C. (2009). National patterns e leap to language. The New York Times, D1.
in antidepressant medication treatment. Archives Payne, J. W. (2006, January 17). Cold advice: New
of General Psychiatry, 66, 848−856. Page, A. C. (2002). Nature and treatment of panic dis- guidelines: Don’t bother with OTC cough meds.
order. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 15, 149–155. Washington Post.
Ollendick, T. H., King, N. J., & Chorpita, B. F. (2006).
Empirically supported treatments for children Page, A. C. (2003). e role of disgust in faintness Peake, P. K., Hebl, M., & Mischel, W. (2002). Strategic
and adolescents. In P. C. Kendall (Ed.), Child and elicited by blood and injection stimuli. Anxiety attention deployment for delay of gratification in
adolescent therapy: Cognitive-behavioral proce- Disorders, 17, 45–58. working and waiting situations. Developmental
dures (3rd ed., pp. 492–520). New York: Guilford Psychology, 38, 313–326.
Press. Page, A. C., Bennett, K. S., Carter, O., Smith, M., &
Woodmore, K. (1997). e blood-injection symp- Pearce, J. M. (2008). Animal learning and cognition:
Olshansky, J. (2003, November). Cited in K. Wright, toms scale (BISS) assessing a structure of pho- An introduction (3rd ed.). New York: Psychology
Staying alive. Discover, 64–70. bic symptoms elicited by blood and injections. Press.
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 457–464.
Olshansky, J., Hayflick, L., & Carnes, B. A. (2002, Peele, S. (1997). Utilizing culture and behaviour in
June). No truth to the fountain of youth. Scientific Pahwa, R., & Lyons, K. E. (2003). Essential tremor: epidemiological models of alcohol consumption
American, 92–95. Differential diagnosis and current therapy. The and consequences of western nations. Alcohol &
American Journal of Medicine, 115, 134–142. Alcoholism, 32, 51–64.
Olsson, A., Ebert, J. P., Banaji, M. R., & Phelps, E. A.
(2005). e role of social groups in the persistence Palomares, R. (2003, February). Cited in E. Benson, Pelham, W. E., Manos, M. J., Ezzell, C. A., Tresco,
of learned fear. Science, 309, 785–787. Intelligent intelligence testing. Monitor on K. T., Gnagy, E. M., Hoffman, M. T., Onyango,
Psychology, 48–51. A. N., Fabiano, G. A., Lopez-Williams, A.,
Olsson, H., Wennerholm, P., & Lyxzen, U. (2004). Wymbs, B. T., Caserta, D., Chronis, A. M.,
Exemplars, prototypes, and the flexibility of Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Verster, J., Monti, J., & Langer, Burrows-Maclean, L., & Morse, G. (2005). A
classification models. Journal of Experimental S. Z. (2008). Sleep disorders: Diagnosis and thera- dose-ranging study of a methylphenidate trans-
Psychology, 30, 936–941. peutics. London: Informa Healthcare. dermal system in children with ADHD. Journal
of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
ONDCP (Office of National Drug Control Policy). “Panic attacks.” (2005, February 15). American Psychiatry, 44, 522–529.
(2001). What America’s users spend on illegal Family Physician.
drugs, 1988−2000. Washington, DC: Author. Pelle, A. J., van den Broek, K. C., Szabó, B., & Kupper,
Panksepp, J. (2008). e affective brain and core con- N. (2009, May 22). e relationship between Type
O’Neil, J. (2006, June 28). A warning on hazards of sciousness: How does neural activity generate D personality and chronic heart failure is not
smoke secondhand. The New York Times, A14. emotional feelings? In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland- confounded by disease severity as assessed by
Jones & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions BNP. International Journal of Cardiology.
Onishi, N. (2001, February 12). On the scale of (3rd ed., pp. 47−67). New York: Guilford Press.
beauty, weight weighs heavily. The New York Peltzer, D. (1995). A child called “it.” Deerfield Beach,
Times, A4. Pantelis, C., Velakoulis, D., McGorry, P. D., FL: Health Communications.
Wood, S. J., Suckling, J., Phillips, L. J., Yung,
Oostdam, R., & Meijer, J. (2003). Influence of A. R., Bullmore, E. T., Brewer, W., Soulsby, Peltzer, D. (1997). The lost boy: A foster child’s search
test anxiety on measurement of intelligence. B., Desmond, P., & McGuire, P. K. (2003). for the love of a family. Deerfield Beach, FL:
Psychological Reports, 92, 3–20. Neuroanatomical abnormalities before and a er Health Communications.
onset of psychosis: A cross-sectional and longitu-
Oprah. (2006, May 2). Teri Hatcher speaks out. The dinal MRI comparison. Lancet, 361, 281–288. Peltzer, D. (1999). A man named Dave: A story of tri-
Oprah Winfrey Show. umph and forgiveness. New York: Penguin.
Parens, E., Chapman, A. R., & Press, N. (Eds.). (2006).
O’Reardon, J. P., Solvason, H. B., Janicak, P. Wrestling with behavioral genetics: Science, ethics, Peltzer, D. (2000). Help yourself: Celebrating the
G., Sampson, S., Isenberg, K. E., Nahas, Z., and public conversation. Baltimore, MD: Johns rewards of resilience and gratitude. New York:
McDonald, W. M., Avery, D., Fitzgerald, P. B., Loo, Hopkins University Press. Penguin.
C., Demitrack, M. A., George, M. S., & Sackeim,
H. A. (2007). Efficacy and safety of transcranial Park, A. (2005, August 15). e mental diet. Time. Peltzer, D. (2003). Cited in M. Peltzer, The self-made
magnetic stimulation in the acute treatment of Park, A. (2007, January 29). Marketing to your mind. man behind the marvel [On-line]. Available:
major depression: A multistate randomized con- http://www.bookbrowse.com/author_interviews/
trolled trial. Biological Psychiatry, 62, 1208−1216. Time, 114−115. full/index.cfm?author_number=145.
Parker, E. S., Cahill, L., & McGaugh, J. L. (2006). A
O’Regan, J. K., Deubel, H., Clark, J. J., & Rensink, R. Peltzer, D. (2009). About Dave [On-line]. Available:
A. (2000). Picture changes during blinks: Looking case of unusual autobiographical remembering. www.davepeltzer.com.
without seeing and seeing without looking. Visual Neurocase, 12, 35−49.
Cognition, 7, 191–211. Parker, G. (2000). Personality and personality disor- Pemberton, R. W. (2005). Contemporary use of
der: Current issues and directions. Psychological insects and other arthropods in traditional
Ortiz, B. (2005, December 12). BTK thought police Medicine, 30, 1–9. Korean medicine (Hanbang) in South Korea
wouldn’t lie to him. Herald-Leader. Pascalis, O., de Haan, M., & Nelson, C. A. (2002). Is and elsewhere. In M. G. Paoletti (Ed.), Ecological
face processing species-specific during the first implications of minilivestock. Plymouth, UK:
Osborne, B. J., Lio, G. T., & Newman, N. J. (2007). year of life? Science, 296, 1321–1323. Science Publishers.
Cranial nerve II and afferent visual pathways. In Patel, M. R., Piazza, C. C., Martinez, C. J., Volkert,
C. G. Goetz (Ed.), Textbook of clinical neurology V. M., & Santana, C. M. (2002). An evaluation of Peng, T. (2008a, March 24). No Buddha required.
(3rd ed., pp. 113−132). Philadelphia: Saunders two differential reinforcement procedures with Newsweek, 71.
Elsevier. escape extinctions to treat food refusal. Journal of
Applied Behavior Analysis, 35, 363–374. Peng, T. (2008b, August 18). A summer caffeine rush.
Osborne, L. (2002, December 15). e year in ideas: Patterson, D. R., & Jensen, M. P. (2003). Hypnosis and Newsweek, 63.
Virtual-reality therapy. The New York Times. clinical pain. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 495–521.
Patterson, T. (2006, March 8). Color commentary: Penley, J. A., Tomaka, J., & Wiebe, J. S. (2002). e
Oscar-Berman, M., & Marinkovic, K. (2007). FX’s creepy new race-swap show. Slate [On-line]. association of coping to physical and psychologi-
Alcohol: Effects on neurobehavioral functions Available: http://www.slate.com/id/2137734. cal health outcomes: A meta-analytic review.
and the brain. Neuropsychology Review, 17, Patton, W. W. (1991). Opening students’ eyes: Visual Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 25, 551–603.
239−257. learning theory in the Socratic classroom. Law
and Psychology Review, 15, 1−18. Penn, H. E. (2006). Neurobiological correlates
Osofsky, J. D. (1995). e effects of exposure to vio- Paul, S. M., Extein, I., Calil, H. M., Potter, W. Z., of autism: A review of recent research. Child
lence on young children. American Psychologist, Chodoff, P., & Goodwin, F. K. (1981). Use of ECT Neuropsychology, 12, 57–59.
50, 782–788. with treatment-resistant depressed patients at the
National Institute of Mental Health. American Pennebaker, J. W., Colder, M., & Sharp, L. (1990).
Ost, L., Helstrom, K., & Kaver, A. (1992). One versus Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 486–489. Accelerating the coping process. Journal of
five sessions of exposure in the treatment of injec- Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 528–537.
tion phobia. Behavior Therapy, 23, 263–282.
Peplau, L. A. (2003). Human sexuality: How do
Owen, P. (2003). Minnesota model: Description of men and women differ? Current Directions in
counseling approach [On-line]. Available: http:// Psychological Science, 12, 37–40.
www.nida.nih.gov.
R E F E R E N C E S 669

Perlis, M. L., Smith, M. T., Cacialli, D. O., Nowakow- Peverly, S. T., Brobst, K. E., Graham, M., & Shaw, Plagnol, A. C., & Easterlin, R. A. (2008). Aspirations,
ski, S., & Orff, H. (2003). On the comparability of R. (2003). College adults are not good at self- attainments, and satisfaction: Life cycle dif-
pharmacotherapy and behavior therapy for chronic regulation: A study on the relationship of self- ferences between American women and men.
insomnia: Commentary and implications. Journal regulation, note taking, and test taking. Journal of Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 601−619.
of Psychosomatic Research, 54, 51–59. Educational Psychology, 95, 335–346.
Plante, T. (2005). Contemporary clinical psychology.
Perloff, R. M. (2002). The dynamics of persuasion. Pezdek, K. (1995, February 11). Cited in M. Dolan, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. When the mind’s eye blinks. Los Angeles Times.
Pleuvry, B. J. (2005). Opioid mechanisms and opioid
Persons, J. B. (1997). Dissemination of effective meth- Phelps, E. A. (2004). e human amygdala and drugs. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine,
ods: Behavior therapy’s next challenge. Behavior awareness: Interactions between emotion and 6, 30–34.
Therapy, 28, 465–471. cognition. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive
neurosciences III (pp. 1005–1030). Cambridge, Ploghaus, A., Becerra, L., Borras, C., & Borsook, D.
Pert, C. B., Snowman, A. M., & Snyder, S. H. (1974). MA: MIT Press. (2003). Neural circuitry underlying pain modula-
Localization of opiate receptor binding in presyn- tion: Expectation, hypnosis, placebo. Trends in
aptic membranes of rat brain. Brain Research, 70, Pi-Sunyer, X. (2003). A clinical view of the obesity Cognitive Science, 7, 197–200.
184–188. problem. Science, 299, 859–860.
Plomin, R., & Crabbe, J. (2000). DNA. Psychological
Perusse, D., & Gendreau, P. L. (2005). Genetics and Piaget, J. (1929). The child’s conception of the world. Bulletin, 126, 806–828.
the development of aggression. In R. E. Tremblay, New York: Harcourt Brace.
W. W. Hartup & J. Archer (Eds.), Developmental Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., McClearn, G. E., &
origins of aggression (pp. 223–241). New York: Picchioni, D., Goeltzenleucher, B., Green, D. N., McGuffin, P. (2008). Behavioral genetics. New
Guilford Press. Convento, M. J., Crittenden, R., Hallgren, M., York: Worth.
& Hicks, R. A. (2002). Nightmares as a coping
Pesant, N., & Zadra, A. (2006). Dream content and mechanism for stress. Dreaming, 12, 155–169. Plomin, R., & Petrill, S. A. (1997). Genetics and intel-
psychological well-being: A longitudinal study ligence: What’s new? Intelligence, 24, 53–77.
of the continuity hypothesis. Journal of Clinical Pierce, B. H. (1999). An evolutionary perspective on
Psychology, 62, 111−121. insight. In D. H. Rosen & M. D. Luebbert (Eds.), Plomin, R., & Spinath, F. M. (2004). Intelligence:
Evolution of the psyche. Human evolution, behav- Genetics, genes, and genomics. Journal of
Pesonen, A. K., Raikkonen, K., Keskivaara, P., & ior, and intelligence. Westport, CT: Praeger/ Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 112–129.
Kelti angas-Jarvinen, L. (2003). Difficult tempera- Greenwood Publishing.
ment in childhood and adulthood: Continuity from Ployhart, R. E., Ehrhart, K. H., & Hayes, S. C. (2005).
maternal perceptions to self-ratings over 17 years. Piliavin, J. A., Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. L., & Using attributions to understand the effects of
Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 19–31. Clark, R. D. (1982). Responsive bystanders: e explanations on applicant reactions: Are reactions
process of intervention. In V. J. Derlega & J. consistent with the covariation principle? Journal
Pessoa, L., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2004). Top-down Grzelak (Eds.), Cooperation and helping behavior. of Applied Social Psychology, 35, 259–296.
mechanisms for working memory and attentional Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
processes. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive Plummer, W., & Ridenhour, R. (1995, August 28).
neurosciences III. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Pillemer, D. B. (1984). Flashbulb memories of the Saving grace. People.
assassination attempt on President Reagan.
Peters, S. L. (2008, October 29). Pets have a place in Cognition, 16, 63–80. Polaschek, D. L. L., Ward, T., & Hudson, S. M. (1997).
the sickbed. USA Today, 5D. Rape and rapists: eory and treatment. Clinical
Pincus, T., & Morley, S. (2001). Cognitive-processing Psychology Review, 17, 117–144.
Peterson, K. S. (2001, May 25). 43% of 1st marriages bias in chronic pain: A review and integration.
end in 15 years. USA Today, A2. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 599–617. Polce-Lynch, M., Myers, B. J., Kliewer, W., &
Kilmartin, C. (2001). Adolescent self-esteem and
Peterson, L., & Brown, D. (1994). Integrating child Pine, D. S. (2000). Anxiety disorder: Clinical features. gender: Exploring relations to sexual harassment,
injury and abuse-neglect research: Common In B. J. Sadock & V. A. Sadock (Eds.), Kaplan body image, media influence, and emotional
histories, etiologies, and solutions. Psychological and Sadock’s comprehensive textbook of psychia- expression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30,
Bulletin, 116, 293–315. try (7th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 1476–1489). Philadelphia: 225–244.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Peterson, L. A. (2007, February 3). Texas gov. orders Poldrack, R. A., & Packard, M. G. (2003).
anti-cancer vaccine. Yahoo! News. Pingitore, R., Dugoni, B. L., Tindale, R. S., & Spring, Competition among multiple memory systems:
B. (1994). Bias against overweight job applicants Converging evidence from animal and human
Peterson, L. R., & Peterson, M. J. (1950). Short-term in a simulated employment interview. Journal of brain studies. Neuropsychologia, 41, 245–251.
retention of individual verbal terms. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 909–917.
Experimental Psychology, 58, 193–198. Polivy, J., & Herman, C. P. (2002). Causes of eat-
Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct. New York: ing disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 53,
Peterson, M. A., Gillam, B., & Sedgwick, H. A. (2007). William Morrow. 187–213.
In the mind’s eye: Julian Hockberg on the percep-
tion of pictures, films, and the world. New York: Pinker, S. (1995). Introduction. In M. S. Gazzaniga Pollack, W. (2007, April 30). Cited in S. Begley, e
Oxford University Press. (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences. Cambridge, anatomy of violence. Newsweek, 40−46.
MA: MIT Press.
Petitto, L. A. (1997, December 11). Cited in R. L. Hotz, Post, R. (1994). Creativity and psychopathology: A
e brain: Designed to speak the mind. Los Angeles Pinker, S. (2000, April 10). Will the mind figure out study of 291 world-famous men. British Journal of
how the brain works? Time, 90–91. Psychiatry, 165, 22–34.
Times.
Petri, H. L., & Govern, J. M. (2004). Motivation (5th Pinker, S. (2002). The blank slate: The modern denial Post, S. (2005). Altruism, happiness, and health:
of human nature. New York: Penguin. It’s good to be good. International Journal of
ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Behavioral Medicine, 2, 66–77.
Petrides, K. V., Furnham, A., & Martin, G. N. (2004). Pinker, S. (2008, January 13). e moral instinct. The
New York Times. Postmes, T., & Spears, R. (1998). Deindividuation
Estimates of emotional and psychometric intelli- and antinormative behavior: A meta-analysis.
gence: Evidence for gender-based stereotypes. The Piomelli, D. (1999). Cited in J. Travis, Marijuana Psychological Bulletin, 13, 238–259.
Journal of Social Psychology, 144, 149–162. mimic reveals brain role. Science News, 155, 215.
Petrill, S. A. (2003). e development of intelligence: Potter, J. (2006). Female sexuality: Assessing satisfac-
Behavioral genetic approaches. In R. J. Sternberg, Pirko, I., & Noseworthy, J. H. (2007). Demyelinating tion and addressing problems. In D. C. Dale & D.
J. Lautrey, & T. I. Lubart (Eds.), Models of intelli- disorders of the central nervous system. In C. G. D. Federman (Eds.), ACP medicine. New York:
gence. Washington, DC: American Psychological Goetx (Ed.), Textbook of clinical neurology (3rd WebMD Professional Publishing.
Association. ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.
Petrovic, P., Kalso, E., Petersson, K. M., & Ingvar, M. Potter, M. (2006, February 23). Shire sees new drugs
(2002). Placebo and opioid analgesia—imaging a Pisano, E. D., Gatsonis, C., Hendrick, E., Yaffe, M., stimulating ADHD market. Reuters [On-line].
shared neuronal network. Science, 295, 1737–1740. Baum, J. K., Acharyya, S., Conant, E. F., Fajardo, Available: http://www.reuters.com/articlePrint?ar
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Attitudes and L. L., Bassett, L., D’Orsi, C., Jong, R., & Rebner, ticleld=USL2318393020060223.
persuasion: Classic and contemporary approaches. M. (2005). Diagnostic performance of digital ver-
Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown. sus film mammography for breast-cancer screen- Poulton, R., omson, W. M., Davies, S., Kruger E.,
Petty, R. E., Tormala, Z. L., Briñol, P., & Jarvis, W. ing. The New England Journal of Medicine, 353, Brown, R. H., & Silva, P. (1997). Good teeth, bad
B. G. (2006). Implicit ambivalence from attitude 1773–1783. teeth, and fear of the dentist. Behaviour Research
change: An exploration of the PAST model. Journal and Therapy, 35, 327–334.
of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 21–41. Pittman, J. F., & Buckley, R. R. (2006). Comparing
Petty, R. E., Wegener, D. T., & Fabrigar, L. R. (1997). maltreating fathers and mothers in terms of per- Pray, W. S., & Pray, J. J. (2005). Meniere’s disease. U.S.
Attitudes and attitude change. Annual Review of sonal distress, interpersonal functioning, and Pharmacist, 7, 19–24.
Psychology, 46, 609–647. perceptions of family climate. Child Abuse &
Neglect, 30, 481–496. Prentice, D. A., & Carranza, E. (2002). What women
670 R E F E R E N C E S and men should be, shouldn’t be, are allowed to
Pittman, M. (2007). Helping pupils with autistic spec- be, and don’t have to be: e contents of prescrip-
trum disorders. London: Paul Chapman Publishing. tive gender stereotypes. Psychology of Women
Quarterly, 26, 269–281.

Preston, R. (2008, January 22). Meet the smartest Rahman, O., & Wilson, G. (2008). Born gay: The psy- Ras-Work, B. (2006, June 2). Cited in L. MacInnis,
man in America. KMOV [On-line]. Available: chobiology of sex orientation. London: Peter Owen Genital cutting’s fatal results cited. The San Diego
http://www.kmov.com/featuredstories/stories/ Ltd. Union-Tribune, A16.
kmov_localnews_061115_genius.3f6953ad.html.
Raine, A. (2002). Biosocial studies of antisocial and Raskin, N. J., Rogers, C. R., & Witty, M. C. (2008).
Price, D. D., Finniss, D. G., & Benedetti, F. (2008). violent behavior in children and adults: A review. Client-centered therapy. In R. J. Corsini & Wed-
A comprehensive review of the placebo effect: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 311–326. ding, D. (Eds.), Current psychotherapies (8th ed.,
Recent advances and current thought. Annual pp. 141−186). Belmont, CA: omson Brooks/Cole.
Review of Psychology, 59, 565−590. Raine, A., Ishikawa, S. S., Arce, E., Lencz, T., Knuth,
K. H., Bihrie, S., LaCasse, L., & Colletti, P. (2004). Rasmussen, C., Knapp, T. J., & Garner, L. (2000).
Price, J. (2008). The woman who can’t forget. New Hippocampal structural asymmetry in unsuccess- Driving-induced stress in urban college students.
York: Free Press. ful psychopaths. Biological Psychiatry, 55, 185–191. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 90, 437–443.

Price, M. (2008a, April). Caffeine’s wake-up call. Raine, A., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., LaCasse, L., & Colletti, Rasmussen, K. G. (2003). Clinical applications of
Monitor on Psychology, 26−27. P. (2000). Reduced prefrontal gray matter volume recent research on electroconvulsive therapy.
and reduced autonomic activity in antisocial per- Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 67, 18–31.
Price, M. (2008b, June). Genes matter in addiction. sonality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry,
Monitor on Psychology, 16. 57, 119–127. Ratcliff, R., & McKoon, G. (2005). Memory mod-
els. In E. Tulving & F. M. Craik (Eds.), The
Price, M. (2008c, November). Against doctors’ orders. Raine, A., Reynolds, C., Venables, P. H., & Mednick, Oxford handbook of memory. New York: Oxford
Monitor on Psychology, 34−36. S. A. (2002). Stimulation seeking and intelligence: University Press.
A prospective longitudinal study. Journal of
Priester, J. R., & Petty, R. E. (1995). Source attribu- Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 663–674. Rauschecker, J. P., & Shannon, R. V. (2002). Sending
tions and persuasion: Perceived honesty as a sound to the brain. Science, 295, 1025–1029.
determinant of message scrutiny. Personality and Raine, R. (2002, April 29). Cited in J. Foreman, Roots
Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 637–654. of violence may lie in damaged brain cells. Los Ray, L. A., & Hutchinson, K. E. (2007). Effects of
Angeles Times, S1. naltrexone on alcohol sensitivity and genetic
Prochaska, J. O., & Norcross, J. C. (2010). Systems of moderators of medication response: A double-
psychotherapy (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. Rainville, P., Duncan, G. H., Price, D. D., Carrier, B., blind-placebo-controlled study. Archives of
& Bushnell, M. C. (1997). Pain affect encoded in General Psychiatry, 64, 1067−1077.
Project Match Research Group. (1997). Matching human anterior cingulated but not somatosen-
alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: sory cortex. Science, 277, 968–971. Reaves, J. (2001, February 21). Freedom of religion or
Project MATCH posttreatment drinking out- state-sanctioned child abuse? Time.
comes. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 58, 7–29. Rajaratnam, S. M. W., Polymeropoulos, M. H.,
Fisher, D. M., Roth, T., Scott, C., Birznieks, G., & Rechtschaffen, A. (1997, August). Cited in T. Geier,
Pruitt, D. G. (1971). Choice shi s in group discussion: Klerman, E. B. (2009). Melatonin agonist tasimelt- What is sleep for? U.S. News & World Report.
An introductory review. Journal of Personality eon (VEC-162) for transient insomnia a er sleep-
and Social Psychology, 20, 339–360. time shi : Two randomised controlled multicentre Redish, A. D. (2007, June/July). A window into cogni-
trials. The Lancet, 373, 482−491. tion. Scientific American Mind, 47.
Pullum, G. K. (1991). The great Eskimo vocabulary
hoax. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Raloff, J. (2005, April 2). Still hungry? Science News, Reed, M. K. (1994). Social skills training to reduce
167, 216–220. depression in adolescents. Adolescence, 29,
Purves, D., Augustine, G. J., Fitzpatrick, D., Hall, W. 293–302.
C., LaMantia, A., McNamara, J. O., & White, L. E. Raloff, J. (2007, July 7). Restoring scents. Science News,
(2008). Neuroscience (4th ed.). Sunderland, MA: 172, 10−12. Reed, S., & Breu, G. (1995, June 6). e wild ones.
Sinauer Associates. People.
Rama, A. N., Cho, C., & Kushida, C. A. (2006).
Putnam, S. (2005, April 4). Cited in J. Kluger, Secrets Normal human sleep. In T. L. Lee-Chiong (Ed.), Reed, S., & Cook, D. (1993, April 19). Realm of the
of the shy. Time, 50–52. Sleep: A comprehensive handbook (pp. 3−10). senses. People.
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Pychyl, T. A., Coplan, R. J., & Reid, P. A. M. (2002). Reed, S., & Free, C. (1995, October 16). e big payoff.
Parenting and procrastination: Gender differ- Ramachandran, V. S. (2006, April/May). Cited in M. People.
ences in the relations between procrastination, Solms, Freud returns. Scientific American Mind,
parenting style and self-worth in early adolescence. 28–34. Reed, S., & Stambler, L. (1992, May 25). e umpire
Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 271–285. strikes back. People, 87–88.
Ramachandran, V. S., & Anstis, S. M. (1986). e per-
Querna, E. (2004, October 12). Teenagers and alco- ception of apparent motion. Scientific American, Reed, S. D., & Sutton, E. L. (2006). Menopause. In D.
hol: Teen drinking linked to health problems in 254, 102–109. C. Dale & D. D. Federman (Eds.), ACP Medicine.
young adults. U.S. News & World Report. New York: WebMD Professional Publishing.
Ramachandran, V. S., & Oberman, L. M. (2006,
Quill, E. (2009, January 17). It’s written all over your November). Broken mirrors: A theory of autism. Reid, J. B., Taplin, P. S., & Lorber, R. (1981). A social
face. Science News, 24−28. Scientific American, 63−69. interactional approach to the treatment of abusive
families. In R. B. Stuart (Ed.), Violent behavior:
Quinn, P. C. (2002). Category representation in Ramachandran, V. S., & Rogers-Ramachandran, D. Social learning approaches to prediction, manage-
young infants. Current Directions in Psychological (2007, February/March). A moving experience. ment and treatment. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Science, 11, 66–70. Scientific American Mind, 14−16.
Reilly, S., & Schachtman, T. R. (2009). Conditioned
Quinn, P. C., Bhatt, R. S., & Hayden, A. (2008). Young Ramirez-Esparza, N., Gosling, S. D., Benet-Martinez, taste aversion: Neural and behavioral processes.
infants readily use proximity to organize visual V., Potter, J. P., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2006). Do New York: Oxford University Press.
pattern information. Acta Psychologica, 127, bilinguals have two personalities? A special case
289−298. of cultural frame switching. Journal of Research in Reinberg, S. (2008, July 18). Alzheimer’s research
Personality, 40, 99–120. brings progress, setbacks. The Washington Post.
Quinn, P. C., & Oates, J. (2004). Early category repre-
sentation and concepts. In J. Oates & A. Grayson RAND. (2008, November 3). Cited in Study links Reinders, A. A. T. S., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., Quak, J.,
(Eds.), Cognitive and language development in sexual content on TV to teen pregnancy. CNN Korf, J., Haaksma, J., Paans, A. M. J., Willemsen,
children (pp. 21–60). Malden, MA: Blackwell [On-line]. Available: http://www.cnn.com/2008/ A. T. M., & den Boer, J. A. (2006). Psychobiologi-
Publishing. HEALTH/11/03/teen.pregnancy/index.html. cal characteristics of dissociative identity dis-
order: A symptom provocation study. Biological
Quirk, G. J. (2007). Prefrontal-amygdala interac- Randi, J. (2005). ’Twas brillig …: Million dollar Psychiatry, 60, 730−740.
tions in the regulation of fear. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), excuses, Dutch psychic caught cheating, Sylvia
Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 27–46). New Browne and the Virginia miners, from the JREF Reisler, J. (2002, February 24). Technology; improv-
York: Guilford Press. museum. Skeptic. ing sound, easing fury. Newsweek, 16.

Rabasca, L. (1999, December). Not enough evidence to Randi, J. (2008). Sylvia Browne. James Randi Reitman, V. (1999, February 22). Learning to grin—
support “abstinence-only.” Monitor of American Educational Foundation [On-line]. Available: and bear it. Los Angeles Times, A1.
Psychological Association, 39. http://www.randi.org/joom/content/view/112/81/.
Renfrey, G., & Spates, C. R. (1994). Eye movement
Rabasca, L. (2000a, March). Humanistic psycholo- Randi, J. (2009). ‘Twas brillig …: Prayer and preg- desensitization: A partial dismantling study.
gists look to revamp their image. Monitor on nancy; shooting UFO photos. Skeptic, 14. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental
Psychology, 54–55. Psychiatry, 25, 231–239.
Rapoport, J. L. (1988). e neurobiology of obsessive-
Rabasca, L. (2000b, November). In search of equality. compulsive disorder. Journal of the American Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2008). A
Monitor on Psychology, 30–31. Medical Association, 260, 2888–2890. theory of the emergence, persistence, and expres-
sion of geographic variation in psychological
Rabkin, S. W., Boyko, E., Shane, F., & Kaufert, J. Rapson, E., & Hatfield, R. L. (2005). Love and sex: characteristics. Perspectives on Psychological
(1984). A randomized trial comparing smoking Cross-cultural perspectives. Lanham, MD: Science, 3, 339−369.
cessation programs utilizing behavior modifica- University Press of America.
tion, health education or hypnosis. Addictive Rescorla, R. A. (1966). Predictability and number
Behaviors, 9, 157–173. of pairings in Pavlovian fear conditioning.
Psychonomic Science, 4, 383–384.

R E F E R E N C E S 671

Rescorla, R. A. (1987). A Pavlovian analysis of goal- Riley, E. P., & McGee, C. L. (2005). Fetal alcohol Roese, N. J. (2001). e crossroads of affect and cog-
directed behavior. American Psychologist, 42, spectrum disorders: An overview with emphasis nition: Counterfactuals as compensatory cogni-
119–129. on changes in brain and behavior. Experimental tion. In G. B. Moskowitz (Ed.), Cognitive social
Biology and Medicine, 230, 357−365. psychology. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Rescorla, R. A. (1988). Pavlovian conditioning.
American Psychologist, 43, 151–160. Rimland, B. (1964). Infantile autism. New York: Roffman, J. L., Marci, C. D., Glick, D. M., Dougherty,
Appleton-Century-Cro s. D. D., & Rauch, S. L. (2005). Neuroimaging and
Resick, P. A., Monson, C. M., & Rizvi, S. L. (2008). the functional neuroanatomy of psychotherapy.
Posttraumatic stress disorder. In D. H. Barlow Rivera, C. (2000, June 9). Helping hands for mentally Psychological Medicine, 35, 1385–1398.
(Ed.), Clinical handbook of psychological disorders ill. Los Angeles Times, A1.
(4th ed., pp. 65−122). New York: Guilford Press. Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client-centered therapy: Its cur-
Rizzo, A. (2006, August 21). Cited in B. Streisand, Not rent practice, implications, and theory. Boston:
Restak, R. (2006). The naked brain: How the emerging just child’s play. U.S. News & World Report, 48−50. Houghton Mifflin.
neurosociety is changing how we live, work, and
love. New York: ree Rivers Press. Rizzo, A., Reger, G., Gahm, G., Difede, J., & Roth- Rogers, C. R. (1980). A way of being. Boston:
baum, B. O. (2009). Virtual reality exposure ther- Houghton Mifflin.
Reteguiz, J. (2006). Relationship between anxiety apy for combat-related PTSD. In P. J. Shiromani,
and standardized patient test performance in the T. M. Keane & J. E. LeDoux (Eds.), Post-traumatic Rogers, C. R. (1986). Client-centered therapy. In I. L.
medicine clerkship. Journal of General Internal stress disorder: Basic science and clinical practice. Kutash & A. Wolf (Eds.), Psychotherapists’ case-
Medicine, 21, 415−418. New York: Humana Press. book. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Revonsuo, A. (2000a). e reinterpretation of dreams: Rizzo, S. (2008, October). In K. McAuliffe, Interview: Rogers, C. R. (1989). Cited in N. J. Raskin & C. R.
An evolutionary hypothesis of the function of Virtual therapist. Discover, 58. Rogers, Person-centered therapy. In R. J. Corsini
dreaming. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, & D. Wedding (Eds.), Current psychotherapies
877−901. Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2006, (4th ed.). Itasca, IL: F. E. Peacock.
November). In the mind. Scientific American,
Revonsuo, A. (2000b). Did ancestral humans dream 54–61. Rogers, L. (2001). Sexing the brain. New York:
for their lives? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, Columbia University Press.
1063−1082. Roa, J., Aguilar, E., Dieguez, C., Pinilla, L., & Tena-
Sempere, M. (2008). New frontiers in kisspeptin/ Rogers, M. R., & Molina, L. E. (2006). Exemplary
Rey, G. (1983). Concepts and stereotypes. Cognition, GPR54 physiology as fundamental gatekeep- efforts in psychology to recruit and retain gradu-
15, 237–262. ers of reproductive function. Frontiers in ate students of color. American Psychologist, 61,
Neuroendocrinology, 29, 48−69. 143−156.
Reyner, L. A., & Horne, J. A. (2000). Early morning
driver sleepiness: Effectiveness of 200 mg caffeine. Roan, S. (1998, March 16). A reason for hope. Los Rogers, P., & Morehouse, W., III. (1999, April 12).
Psychophysiology, 7, 251–256. Angeles Times, S1. She’s got it. People, 89.

Reynolds, A. J., Temple, J. A., Robertson, D. L., & Robbins, J. (2000, July 4). Virtual reality finds a real Roitberg, B. Z., & Kordower, J. H. (2004). Brain
Mann, E. A. (2001). Long-term effects of an early place as a medical aid. The New York Times, D6. implants and transplants. In N. J. Smelser & P.
childhood intervention on educational achieve- B. Baltes (Eds.), International encyclopedia of
ment and juvenile arrest. Journal of the American Roberts, B. W., Helson, R., & Klohnen, E. V. (2002). the social & behavioral sciences (pp. 1345–1352).
Medical Association, 285, 2339–2346. Personality development and growth in women Burlington, MA: Elsevier Science & Technology.
across 30 years: ree perspectives. Journal of
Reynolds, G. (2006, June). Hydration angst. Play, 30–31. Personality, 70, 79–102. Rolls, E. T. (2007). Computations in memory systems
Rhee, S. H., & Waldman, I. D. (2002). Genetic and in the brain. In R. P. Kesner & J. L. Martinez,
Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Viechtbauer, W. (2006). Jr. (Eds.), Neurobiology of learning and memory
environmental influences on antisocial behavior: Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Elsevier Science &
A meta-analysis of twin and adoption studies. across the life course: A meta-analysis of longitudi- Technology.
Psychological Bulletin, 128, 490–529. nal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 1−25.
Rhodewalt, F., & Vohs, K. D. (2005). Defensive strate- Romney, D. M., & Bynner, J. M. (1997). A re-exami-
gies, motivation, and the self. In A. J. Elliot & C. Robertz, F. J. (2007, August/September). Deadly nation of the relationship between shyness, attri-
S. Dweck (Eds.), Handbook of competence and dreams. Scientific American Mind, 52−59. butional style, and depression. Journal of Genetic
motivation (pp. 548–565). New York: Guilford Psychology, 158, 261–270.
Press. Robichaud, M., Dugas, M. J., & Conway, M. (2003).
Riccio, D. C., Millin, P. M., & Gisquet-Verier, P. (2003). Gender differences in worry and associated cog- Root, R. W., II, & Resnick, R. J. (2003). An update on
Retrograde amnesia: Forgetting back. Current nitive-behavioral variables. Anxiety Disorders, 17, the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/
Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 41–44. 501–516. hyperactivity disorders in children. Professional
Rich, D. Q., Demissie, K., Lu, S-E., Kamat, L., Psychology: Research Practice, 34, 34–41.
Wartenberg, D., & Rhoads, G. G. (2009). Ambient Robinson, J. P., & Martin, S. P. (2007, October). Not
air pollutant concentrations during pregnancy so deprived: Sleep in America, 1965−2005. Public Ropper, A., & Samuels, M. (2009). Adam’s and
and the risk of fetal growth restriction. Journal Opinion Pros [On-line]. Available: http:// Victor’s principles of neurology (9th ed.). New
of Epidemiology and Community Health, 63, www.publicopinionpros.com. York: McGraw-Hill.
488−496.
Richters, J. M. A. (1997). Menopause in different cul- Robinson-Riegler, B., & McDaniel, M. A. (1994). Ropper, A. H. (2006). Acute confusional states and
tures. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Further constraints on the bizarreness effect: coma. In S. L. Hauser (Ed.), Harrison’s neurol-
Gynecology, 18, 73–80. Elaboration at encoding. Memory and Cognition, ogy in clinical medicine (pp. 103–114). New York:
Ridderinkhof, K. R., de Vlugt, Y., Bramlage, A., 22, 702–712. McGraw-Hill.
Spaan, M., Elton, M., Snel, J., & Band, G. P. H.
(2002). Alcohol consumption impairs detection Rochat, P. (2003). Five levels of self-awareness as they Rorschach, R. (1921; reprinted 1942). Psychodiag-
of performance errors in mediofrontal cortex. unfold early in life. Consciousness and Cognition, nostics. Bern: Hans Huber.
Science, 298, 2209–2211. 12, 171–181.
Riddle, E. L., Fleckenstein, A. E., & Hanson, G. R. Rosch, E. (1978). Principles of categorization. In E.
(2006). Mechanisms of methamphetamine- Rochlen, A. B., Zack, J. S., & Speyer, C. (2004). Online Rosch & B. B. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and catego-
induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. American therapy: Review of relevant definitions, debates, rization. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal, and current empirical support. Journal of Clinical
8, E413–418. Psychology, 60, 269−283. Rosenbaum, J. E. (2006). Reborn a virgin:
Rieke, M. L., & Guastello, S. J. (1995). Unresolved Adolescents’ retracting of virginity pledges and
issues in honesty and integrity testing. American Rock, I., & Palmer, S. (1990). e legacy of Gestalt sexual histories. American Journal of Public
Psychologist, 50, 458–459. psychology. Scientific American, 263, 84–90. Health, 96, 1098–1103.
Riggs, D. S., & Foa, E. B. (2006). Obsessive-compulsive
disorder. In M. Hersen & J. C. omas (Eds.), Rodafinos, A., Vucevic, A., & Sideridis, G. D. (2005). Rosenberg, J. (2006). Community mental health: Chal-
Comprehensive handbook of personality and e effectiveness of compliance techniques: Foot lenges for the 21st century. New York: Routledge.
psychopathology: Adult psychopathology (Vol. 2,
pp. 169–188). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. in the door versus door in the face. The Journal of Rosenberg, K. P. (1994). Notes and comments:
Riley, A., & Segraves, R. T. (2006). Treatment of Social Psychology, 145, 237–239. Biology and homosexuality. Journal of Sex and
premature ejaculation. International Journal of Rodgers, J. E. (1982). e malleable memory of eye- Marital Therapy, 20, 147–150.
Clinical Practice, 60, 694−697. witnesses. Science.
Rodriguez-Tome, H., Bariaud, F., Cohen-Zardi, M. Rosenberg, R. S. (2006). Operating and managing a
672 R E F E R E N C E S F., Delmas, C., Jeanvoine, F., & Szylagyi, P. (1993). sleep disorders clinic. In T. L. Lee-Chiong (Ed.),
Sleep: A comprehensive handbook (pp. 1051–1054).
e effects of pubertal changes on body image Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
and relations with peers of the opposite sex in
adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 16, 421–438. Rosenkranz, J. A., Moore, H., & Grace, A. A. (2003).
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (2005). e prefrontal cortex regulates lateral amygdala
Distortions of memory. In E. Tulving & F. M.
Craik (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of memory. neuronal plasticity and responses to previously
New York: Oxford University Press. conditioned stimuli. The Journal of Neuroscience,
23, 11054−11064.

Rosenthal, E. (2006, June 2). Genital cutting raises by Rozin, P., Haidt, J., & McCauley, C. R. (2000). Disgust. Rutter, M., & Silberg, J. (2002). Gene-environment
50% likelihood mothers or their newborns will In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Hand- interplay in relation to emotional and behavioral
die, study finds. The New York Times, A10. book of emotions (2nd ed., pp. 637–653). New York: disturbance. Annual Review of Psychology, 53,
Guilford Press. 463–490.
Rosenthal, L. (2006). Physiologic processes during
sleep. In T. L. Lee-Chiong (Ed.), Sleep: A compre- Rozin, P., Kabnick, K., Pete, E., Fischler, C., & Shields, Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination
hensive handbook (pp. 19–23). Hoboken, NJ: John C. (2003). e ecology of eating: Smaller portion theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation,
Wiley & Sons. sizes in France than in the United States help social development, and well-being. American
explain the French paradox. Psychological Science, Psychologist, 55, 68−78.
Rosenthal, R. (2003). Covert communication in 14, 450–454.
laboratories, classrooms, and the truly real world. Sackeim, H. A., & Stern, Y. (1997). Neuropsychiatric
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, Ruben, R. J. (2007). Hearing loss and deafness. Cited aspects of memory and amnesia. In S. C.
151–154. in The Merck manual online medical library: Yudofsky & R. E. Hales (Eds.), The American
Home edition [On-line]. Available: http:// Psychiatric Press textbook of neuropsychiatry (3rd
Rosenthal, S. L., Burklow, K. A., Lewis, L. M., Succop, www.merck.com/mmhe. ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric
P. A., & Biro, F. M. (1997). Heterosexual roman- Press.
tic relationships and sexual behaviors of young Rubin, D. C., & Kozin, M. (1984). Vivid memories.
adolescent girls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 21, Cognition, 16, 81–95. Sackeim, H. A., Prudic, J., Devanand, D. P., Nobler,
238–243. M. S., Lisanby, S., Peyser, S., Fitzsimons, L.,
Rubin, R. (2007, February 20). Merck drops its push Moody, B. J., & Clark, J. (2000). A prospective,
Rosenthal, Z. (2007, November 5). In Virtual real- for vaccine mandate. USA Today. randomized, double blind comparison of bilateral
ity game helps drug addicts recover. ABC News and right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy at
[On-line]. Available: http://abcmews.go.com/ Rubin, R. (2008, December 11). e placebo effect. different stimulus intensities. Archives of General
print?id=3819621. USA Today, 1D. Psychiatry, 57, 425–434.

Ross, B. M., & Millsom, C. (1970). Repeated mem- Rubin, R. (2009, March 12). Optimists live longer Sacks, O. (2008, January). Cited in S. Kruglinski, e
ory of oral prose in Ghana and New York. than pessimists. USA Today, 6D. Discover interview. Discover, 72−78.
International Journal of Psychology, 5, 173–181.
Ruble, D. N., Martin, C. L., & Berenbaum, S. A. SACU (Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding).
Ross, H. E., & Plug, C. (2002). The mystery of the (2006). Gender development. In N. Eisenberg, W. (2001). China Now, 134, 30.
moon illusion. Exploring size perception. Oxford: Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child
Oxford University Press. psychology (6th ed., pp. 858–932). Hoboken, NJ: Saey, T. H. (2008a, May 24). Epic genetics. Science
John Wiley & Sons. News, 14−19.
Ross, P. E. (1991). Hard words. Scientific American,
264, 138–147. Rudman, L. A., & Glick, P. (2008). The social psychol- Saey, T. H. (2008b, August 2). Astrocytes are rising
ogy of gender. New York: Guilford Press. stars of the brain. Science News, 5.
Ross, P. E. (2006, August). e expert mind. Scientific
American, 64–71. Rui, L. (2005, August 21). Leptin-signaling protein Saey, T. H. (2008c, September 27). Creating new
maintains normal body weight and energy bal- nerve cells make sense for the brain. Science
Rothbart, M. K., & Sheese, B. E. (2007). Temperament ance in mice. Science Daily. News, 5−6.
and emotion regulation. In J. J. Gross (Ed.),
Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 331–350). Ruibal, S. (2006, February 12). White a gold winner Sakurai, T. (2007). e neural circuit of orexin (hypo-
New York: Guilford Press. in halfpipe, Kass is second. USA Today. cretin): Maintaining sleep and wakefulness.
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8, 171−181.
Rothbaum, B. O. (2009). Using virtual reality to help Ruiter, R. A. C., Abraham, C., & Kok, G. (2001). Scary
our patients in the real world. Depression and warnings and rational precautions: A review of Saladin, M. E., Brady, K. T., Graap, K., & Rothbaum,
Anxiety, 26, 209−211. the psychology of fear appeals. Psychology and B. O. (2006). A preliminary report on the use of
Health, 16, 613–630. virtual reality technology to elicit craving and
Rothbaum, B. O., Anderson, P., Zimand, E., Hodges, cue reactivity in cocaine dependent individuals.
L., Lang, D., & Wilson, J. (2006). Virtual reality Ruiz-Bueno, J. B. (2000). Locus of control, perceived Addictive Behaviors, 31, 1881−1894.
exposure therapy and standard (in vivo) exposure control, and learned helplessness. In V. R. Rice
therapy in the treatment of fear of flying. Behavior (Ed.), Handbook of stress, coping and health. Salamon, E., Bernstein, S. R., Kim, S., Kim, M., &
Therapy, 37, 80−90. ousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Stefano, G. B. (2003). e effects of auditory per-
ception and musical preference on anxiety in
Rotter, J. B. (1990). Internal versus external control Runco, M. A. (2004). Creativity. Annual Review of naïve human subjects. Medical Science Monitor,
of reinforcement: A case history of a variable. Psychology, 55, 657–687. 9, 396–399.
American Psychologist, 45, 489–493.
Rupke, S. J., Blecke, D., & Renfrow, M. (2006). Saletan, W. (2006, March 5). Irreconcilable differ-
Routh, D. K. (1994). The founding of clinical psychol- Cognitive therapy for depression. American ences. The New York Times.
ogy (1896) and some important early developments: Family Physician, 73, 83–86.
Introduction. New York: Plenum Publishing. Salovey, P., Detweiler-Bedell, B. T., Detweiler-Bedell,
Rupprecht, R., Rammes, G., Eser, D., Baghai, T. C., J. B., & Mayer, J. D. (2008). Emotional intelli-
Rouw, R., & Scholte, H. S. (2007). Increased struc- Schule, C., Nothdur er, C., Troxler, T., Gentsch, gence. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones & L. F.
tural connectivity in grapheme-color synesthesia. C., Kalkman, H. O., Chaperon, F., Uzunov, V., Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (3rd ed.,
Nature Neuroscience, 10, 792−797. McAllister, K. H., Bertaina-Anglade, V., Drieu La pp. 533−547). New York: Guilford Press.
Rochelle, C., Tuerck, D., Floesser, A., Kiese, B.,
Rovner, S. L. (2007, September 3). Hold that thought. Schumacher, M., Landgrad, R., Holsboer, F., & Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intel-
Chemical & Engineering News, 85, 13−20. Kucher, K. (2009). Translocator protein (18 kD) ligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality,
as target for anxiolytics without benzodiazepine- 9, 185–211.
Rowa, K., McCabe, R. E., & Antony, M. M. (2006). like side effects. Science, 325, 490−493.
Specific phobias. In M. Hersen & J. D. omas Salovey, P., & Pizarro, D. A. (2003). In R. J. Sternberg,
(Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of personality Rush, A. J. (2003). Toward an understanding of bipo- J. Lautrey & T. I. Lubart (Eds.), Models of intelli-
and psychopathology: Adult psychopathology (Vol. lar disorder and its origins. Journal of Clinical gence. Washington, DC: American Psychological
2, pp. 154–168). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Psychiatry, 64(Suppl. 6), 4–8. Association.

Rowan, A. N. (1997, February). e benefits and eth- Rushton, J. P., & Irwing, P. (2008). A General Factor Salovey, P., Rothman, A. J., Detweiller, J. B., &
ics of animal research. Scientific American, 79–94. of Personality (GFP) from two meta-analyses of Steward, W. T. (2000). Emotional states and
the Big Five: Digman (1997) and Mount, Barrick, physical health. American Psychologist, 55,
Rowe, M. L., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2009). Differ- Scullen, and Rounds (2005). Personality and 110–121.
ences in early gesture explain SES disparities in Individual Differences, 45, 679−683.
child vocabulary size at school entry. Science, 323, Salzman, C. (2008, September 22). How to help anx-
951−953. Rushton, J. P., & Jensen, A. R. (2005). irty years of ious minds. Newsweek, 69.
research on race differences in cognitive ability.
Roy-Byrne, P. P., & Fann, J. R. (1997). Psychophar- Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 11, 235−294. Samelson, F. (1980). J. B. Watson’s little Albert, Cyril
macologic treatments for patients with neurop- Burt’s twins, and the need for a critical science.
sychiatric disorders. In S. C. Yudofsky & R. E. Russell, R., Duchaine, B., & Nakayama, K. (2009). American Psychologist, 35, 619–625.
Hales (Eds.), American Psychiatric Press textbook Super-recognizers: People with extraordinary
of neuropsychiatry (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: face recognition ability. Psychonomic Bulletin & SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health
American Psychiatric Press. Review, 16, 252−257. Services Administration). (2000). Heroin deaths.
Drug abuse warning network annual medical
Rozin, P. (2003). Introduction: Evolutionary and cul- Russell, S. (2005, March 23). e Terri Schiavo case: examiner data 1999. DAWN series D-16, DHHS
tural perspectives on affect. In R. D. Lane & L. Her condition: Doctor explains the “persistent Publication SMA 01-3491. Rockville, MD: Author.
Nadel (Eds.), Cognitive neuroscience of emotion. vegetative state.” San Francisco Chronicle.
New York: Oxford University Press. SAMHSA. (2005). Annual causes of death in the
Rutter, M. (2006). Genes and behavior: Nature- United States. Drug war facts [On-line]. Available:
Rozin, P. (2007, June 4). Cited in M. D. Lemonick, e nurture interplay explained. Malden, MA: Wiley- http://www.drugwarfacts.org/causes.htm.
ewww factor. Time, 51−52. Blackwell.
R E F E R E N C E S 673

SAMHSA. (2006). Results from the 2005 national Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962). Cognitive, social and Schneider, K. J., Bugental, J. F. T., & Pierson, J. F. (Eds.).
survey on drug use and health: National findings. physiological determinants of emotional state. (2002). The handbook of humanistic psychology:
Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-30, Psychological Review, 69, 379–399. Leading edges in theory, research, and practice.
DHHS Publication SMA 06-4194. Rockville, MD: ousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Author. Schacter, D. L. (1996). Searching for memory. New
York: Basic Books. Schneider, M. (2007, October 10). Dutton back in biz
SAMHSA. (2008). Results from the 2007 national at HBO. Daily Variety.
survey on drug use and health: National findings. Schacter, D. L. (1997, October). Cited in E. Yoffe,
NSDUH Series H-34, DHHS Publication SMA How quickly we forget. U.S. News & World Schnurr, P. P., Friedman, M. J., & Bernardy, N. C.
08-4343. Rockville, MD: Author. Report. (2002). Research on posttraumatic stress disor-
der: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and assess-
Samuel, D. (1996). Cited in N. Williams, How the Schacter, D. L. (2001). The seven sins of memory: ment. Journal of Clinical Psychology/In Session:
ancient Egyptians brewed beer. Science, 273, 432. How the mind forgets and remembers. New York: Psychotherapy in Practice, 58, 877–889.
Houghton Mifflin.
Sanberg, P. R. (2007, July 17). Neural stem cells Schon, D., Peretz, I., Besson, M., Boyer, M., Kolinsky,
for Parkinson’s disease: To protect and repair. Schacter, D. L., Wagner, A. D., & Buckner, R. L. R., & Moreno, S. (2008). Songs as an aid for lan-
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, (2005). Memory systems of 1999. In E. Tulving guage acquisition. Cognition, 106, 975−983.
104, 11869−11870. & F. M. Craik (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of
memory. New York: Oxford University Press. Schooler, J. W. (1994). Seeking the core: e issues
Sanchez, R. (2001, August 26). West Coast meth lab and evidence surrounding recovered accounts of
operations reaching new levels, DEA says. The Schalock, R. L., Luckasson, R. A., & Shogren, K. sexual trauma. Consciousness and Cognition, 3,
Washington Post, 121(35). A. (2007). e renaming of mental retardation: 452–469.
Understanding the change to the term intellec-
Sandor, P. S., & Afra, J. (2005). Nonpharmacologic tual disability. Intellectual and Developmental Schorn, D. (2007, January 28). Brain man: One man’s
treatment of migraine. Current Pain and Disabilities, 45, 116−1124. gi may be the key to better understanding the
Headache Reports, 9, 202−905. brain. CBS News: 60 Minutes.
Schaufeli, W. B., Martinez, I. M., Pinto, A. M.,
Sang, F. Y. P., Billar, J., Gresty, M. A., & Golding, J. F. Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. R. (2002). Burnout Schrock, K. (2007, April/May). Freeing a locked-in
(2005). Effect of a novel desensitization training and engagement in university students. Journal mind. Scientific American Mind, 40−45.
regime and controlled breathing on habituation of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 464−481.
to motion sickness. Perceptual and Motor Skills, Schroeder, D. A., Penner, L. A., Dovidio, J. F., &
101, 244–256. Scheck, B. (2008, August 10). Cited in M. Sherman, Piliavin, J. A. (1995). The psychology of helping
Race sometimes a problem in eyewitness IDs. and altruism: Problems and puzzles. New York:
Sang, F. Y. P., Golding, J. F., & Gresty, M. A. (2003). MSNBC [On-line]. Available: http://www.msnbc McGraw-Hill.
Suppression of sickness by controlled breathing .msn.com/id/26123421/wid/17621070/.
during mildly nauseogenic motion. Aviation, Schuckit, M. (2000). Drug and alcohol abuse (5th ed.).
Space, and Environmental Medicine, 74, 998–1002. Schenck, C. H. (2003, January 7). Cited in E. Goode, New York: Kluwer Academic.
When the brain disrupts the night. The New York
Sapolsky, R. (2006, April). e 2% difference. Times, D1. Schuckit, M. (2006). Alcohol and alcoholism. In S.
Discover, 42–45. L. Hauser (Ed.), Harrison’s neurology in clinical
Schewe, P. (Ed.). (2002). Preventing violence in medicine (pp. 617–624). New York: McGraw-Hill
Sapolsky, R. M. (2002, December 17). Cited in E. relationships: Interventions across the life span.
Goode, e heavy cost of stress. The New York Washington, DC: American Psychological Schulman, K. A., Berlin, J. A., Harless, W., Kerner, J.
Times, D1. Association. F., Sistrunk, S., Gersh, B. J., Dube, R., Taleghani,
C. K., Burke, J. E., Williams, S., Eisenberg, J. M.,
Sarraj, I. (2002, June 21). Cited in J. Bennet, Rash of Schiff, N. D., Giacino, J. T., Kalmar, K., Victor, J. D., & Escarce, J. J. (1999). e effect of race and sex
new suicide bombers showing no pattern or ties. Baker, K., Gerber, M., Fritz, B., Eisenberg, B., on physicians’ recommendations for cardiac cath-
The New York Times, A1. O’Connor, J., Kobylarz, E. J., Farris, S., Machado, eterization. The New England Journal of Medicine,
A., McCagg, C., Plum, F., & Rezai, A. R. (2007). 340, 618–626.
Satcher, D. (2000). Mental health: A report of Behavioural improvements with thalamic stimu-
the Surgeon General—executive summary. lation a er traumatic brain injury. Nature, 448, Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2008). A history
Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 600−603. of modern psychology (9th ed.). Belmont, CA:
31, 5–13. Wadsworth.
Schilt, T., de Win, M. M. L., Koeter, M., Jager, G.,
Saul, S. (2006, February 7). Record sales of sleep pills Korf, D. J., van den Brink, W., & Schmand, B. Schultz, R. T., Gauthier, I., Klin, A., Fulbright, R. K.,
cause worry. The New York Times, A1, C4. (2007). Cognition in novice ecstasy users with Anderson, A. W., Volkmar, F. R., Schudlarski,
minimal exposure to other drugs. Archives of P., Lacadie, C., Cohen, D. J., & Gore, J. C. (2000).
Savage-Rumbaugh, S. (1998, January 19). Cited in S. General Psychiatry, 64, 728−736. Abnormal ventral temporal cortical activity
Begley, Aping language. Newsweek. during face discrimination among individuals
Schlaggar, B. L., Brown, T. T., Lugar, H. M., Visscher, with autism and Asperger syndrome. Archives of
Savage-Rumbaugh, S., & Lewin, R. (1994). Kanzi. K. M., Miezin, F. M., & Petersen, S. E. (2002). General Psychiatry, 57, 331–340.
New York: Wiley. Functional neuroanatomical differences between
adults and school-age children in the processing Schwab, J., Kulin, H. E., Susman, E. J., Finkelstein, J.
Savic, I. (2005, May 10). Cited in N. Wade, For gay of single words. Science, 296, 1476–1479. W., Chinchilli, V. M., Kunselman, S. J., Liben, L.
men, different scent of attraction. The New York S., D’Arangelo, M. R., & Demers, L. M. (2001). e
Times, A1. Schmidt, C., Collette, F., Leclercq, Y., Sterpenich, role of sex hormone replacement therapy on self-
V., Vandewalle, G., Berthomier, P., Berthomier, perceived competence in adolescents with delayed
Savic, I., Berglund, H., & Lindstrom, P. (2005). Brain C., Phillips, C., Tinguely, G., Darsaud, A., Gais, puberty. Child Development, 72, 1439–1450.
response to putative pheromones in homosexual S., Schabus, M., Desseilles, M., Dang-Vu, T. T.,
men. Proceedings of the National Academy of Salmon, E., Balteau, E., Degueldre, C., Luxen, Schwab, M. E. (2002). Repairing the injured spinal
Sciences, 102, 7356–7361. A., Maquet, P., Cajochen, C., & Peigneux, P. cord. Science, 295, 1029–1030.
(2009, April 24). Homeostatic sleep pressure and
Savic, I., & Lindström, P. (2008). PET and MRI show responses to sustained attention in the suprachi- Schwartz, B., & Reisberg, D. (1991). Learning and
differences in cerebral asymmetry and functional asmatic area. Science, 324, 516−520. memory. New York: Norton.
connectivity between homo- and heterosexual
subjects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Schmitt, D. R., Allik, J., McCrae, R. R., & Benet- Schwartz, B. L. (1999). Sparkling at the end of the
Sciences, 105, 9403−9408. Martinez, V. (2007). e geographic distribution tongue: e etiology of tip-of-the-tongue phe-
of big five personality traits. Journal of Cross- nomenology. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 6,
Savin-Williams, R. (2005, October 10). Cited in J. Cultural Psychology, 38, 173−212. 379–393.
Cloud, e battle over gay teens. Time, 42–51.
Schneider, C. (2006a). Don’t bury me . . . it ain’t over Schwartz, C. (2008, December 9). Cited in E. Cooney,
Sax, L. J. (2002, September 11). Cited in M. yet. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. Brain differences in adults linked to temperament
Duenwald, Students find another staple of cam- in babies. The Boston Globe.
pus life: Stress. The New York Times, D5. Schneider, C. (2006b, March 27). Cited in E. T.
Fenning, People with Alzheimer’s can be Schwartz, C. (2009, February). Cited in M. Price,
Saxbe, D. (2004, September/October). Placebo power: productive, man shows: Neighbors Charles newborn reactions can predict depression and
A mystery grows. Psychology Today. Schneider. DASN (Dementia Advocacy and anxiety. APA Monitor, 13.
Support Network) International [On-line]. Avail-
Saxe, L. (1994). Detection of deception: Polygraph able: http://www.dasninternational.org/2006/ Schwartz, C. E., Wright, C. I., Shin, L. M., Kagan, J.,
and integrity tests. Current Directions in schneider.php. & Rauch, S. L. (2003). Inhibited and uninhibited
Psychological Science, 3, 69–73. infants “grown up”: Adult amygdalar response to
Schneider, D. J. (2004). The psychology of stereotyping. novelty. Science, 300, 1952–1953.
Scanlon, M., & Mauro, J. (1992, November– New York: Guilford Press.
December). e lowdown on handwriting analy- Schwartz, M. S., & Andrasik, F. (2005). Biofeedback:
sis. Psychology Today. A practitioner’s guide (3rd ed.). New York:
Guilford Press.
Scarr, S., & Weinberg, R. A. (1976). IQ test perfor-
mance of black children adopted by white fami-
lies. American Psychologist, 31, 726–739.

674 R E F E R E N C E S

Schwartz, N. (1999). Self-reports: How the questions Seppa, N. (2009, January 17). Disorder of REM sleep “Shaun White.” (2006). [On-line]. Available: http://
shape the answers. American Psychologist, 54, may signal high risk of Parkinson’s, dementia. www.nbcolympics.com/athletes/5058606/
93–105. Science News, 9. detail.html.

Schwarzlose, R. F., Baker, C. I., & Kanwisher, N. Sergo, P. (2008, February/March). Predicting Shaw, G. M., Carmichael, S. L., Vollset, S. E., Yang,
(2005). Separate face and body selectivity on the Alzheimer’s. Scientific American Mind, 12. W., Finnell, R. H., Blom, H., Midttun, O., &
fusiform gyrus. The Journal of Neuroscience, 25, Ueland, P. M. (2009). Mid-pregnancy cotinine
11055−11059. Serpell, R. (2000). Intelligence and culture. In R. J. and risks of orofacial cle s and neural tube
Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of intelligence. New defects. The Journal of Pediatrics, 154, 17−19.
Schweinhart, L. J., & Weikart, D. P. (1980). Young York: Cambridge University Press.
children grow up: The effects of the Perry Preschool Shaw, P., Eckstrand, K., Sharp, W., Blumenthal, J.,
Program on youth through age 15 (Monograph Serpell, R. (2003, February). Cited in E. Benson, Lerch, J. P., Greenstein, D., Clasen, L., Evans, A.,
No. 7). Ypsilanti, MI: High/Scope Educational Intelligence across cultures. Monitor on Gledd, J., & Rapoport, J. L. (2007). Attention-
Research Foundation. Psychology, 56–58. deficit/hyperactivity disorders is characterized by
a delay in cortical maturation. Proceedings of the
Science Daily. (2007, May 9). Science of motion sick- Settineri, S., Tati, F., & Fanara, G. (2005). Gender National Academy of Sciences, 104, 19649−19654.
ness [On-line]. Available: http://www.science differences in dental anxiety: Is the chair posi-
daily.com/videos/2007/0509-science_of_motion tion important? Journal of Contemporary Dental Shaw, P., Greenstein, D., Lerch, J., Clasen, L., Lenroot,
_sickness.htm. Practice, 6, 115–122. R., Gogtay, N., Evans, A., & Giedd, J. (2006,
March). Intellectual ability and cortical develop-
Science Daily. (2008, July 29). Robotic surgery SFN (Society for Neuroscience). (2007, November ment in children and adolescents. Nature, 440,
provides reduced pain and quicker recov- 5). New clinical trials could open ‘golden era’ in 676–679.
ery for kidney cancer patients [On-line]. spinal cord injury and ALS research [On-line].
Available: http://www.sciencedaily.com/ Available: http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagena Shaywitz, B. A., Shaywitz, S., Pugh, K. R., Constable,
releases/2008/07/080728193237.htm. me=news_110507c&print=on. R. T., Skudlarski, P., Fulbright, R. K., Bronen, R.
A., Fletcher, J. M., Shankweiler, D. P., Katz, L.,
Science Daily. (2009a, April 7). Potential new HIV Shafer, V. L., & Garrido-Nag, K. (2007). e neu- & Gore, J. C. (1995). Sex differences in the func-
drug may help patients not responding to treat- rodevelopmental bases of language. In E. Hoff & tional organization of the brain for language.
ment [On-line]. Available: http://www.science M. Shatz (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of language Nature, 373, 607–609.
daily.com/releases/2009/03/090331101107.htm. development (pp. 21−45). Malden, MA: Blackwell
Publishing. Shaywitz, B. A., Sullivan, C. M., Anderson, G. M.,
ScienceDaily. (2009b, May 20). Some people really Gillespie, S. M., Sullivan, B., & Shaywitz, S. E.
‘never forget a face’: Understanding extraor- Sha o, M. A., Burke, D. M., Stamatakis, E. A., Tam, (1994). Aspartame, behavior, and cognitive func-
dinary face recognition ability [On-line]. P. P., & Tyler, L. K. (2007). On the tip-of-the- tion in children with attention deficit disorder.
Available: http://www.sciencedaily.com/ tongue: Neural correlates of increased word-find- Pediatrics, 93, 70–75.
releases/2009/05/090519712204.htm. ing failures in normal aging. Journal of Cognitive
Neuroscience, 19, 2060−2070. Shaywitz, S. E. (2003, July 28). Cited in C. Gorman,
Science Illustrated. (2008, January/February). e new science of dyslexia. Time, 52–59.
Building a bionic eye, 50−55. Shai, I., Schwarzfuchs, D., Henkin, Y., Shahar, D. R.,
Witkow, S., Greenberg, I., Golan, R., Fraser, D., Shaywitz, S. E., Shaywitz, B. A., Fulbright, R. K.,
Scott, D. J., Stohler, C. S., Egnatuk, C. M., Wang, H., Bolotin, A., Vardi, H., Tangi-Rozental, O., Zuk- Skudlarski, P., Mencl, W. E. Constable, R. T.,
Koeppe, R. A., & Zubieta, J. K. (2007). Individual Ramot, R., Sarusi, B., Brickner, D., Schwartz, Pugh, K. R., Holahan, J. M., Marchione, K. E.,
differences in reward processing explain placebo- Z., Sheiner, E., Marko, R., Katorza, E., iery, Fletcher, J. M., Lyon, G. R., & Gore, J. C. (2003).
induced expectations and effects. Neuron, 55, J., Fielder, G. M., Blüher, M., Stumvoll, M., & Neural systems for compensation and persistence:
325−336. Stampfer, M. J. (2008). Weight loss with a low Young adult outcome of childhood reading dis-
carbohydrate, mediterranean, or low-fat diet. The ability. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 25–33.
Scrip. (2006). Senator calls for a “comprehen- New England Journal of Medicine, 359, 229−241.
sive review” of ADHD drug risks. Scrip World Shea, M. T., Elkin, I., Imber, S. D., Sotsky, S. M.,
Pharmaceutical News, 3131, 14. Shambaugh, R. N. (1994). The cognitive potentials of Watkins, J. T., Collins, J. F., Pilkonis, P. A.,
visual note-taking. Paper presented at the Eastern Beckham, E., Glass, D. R., Dolan, R. T., & Parloff,
Searles, J. (1998, September). Write on! Learn Educational Research Association, Sarasota, FL. M. B. (1992). Course of depressive symptoms over
to read his handwriting and read his mind. follow-up: Findings from the National Institute
Cosmopolitan, 310–311. Shanker, S. G., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., & Taylor, of Mental Health Treatment of Depression
T. J. (1999). Kanzi: A new beginning. Animal Collaborative Research Program. Archives of
Segerstrom, S. C., & Miller, G. E. (2004). Learning & Behavior, 27, 24–25. General Psychiatry, 49, 782–787.
Psychological stress and the human immune sys-
tem: A meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Shannon, C. (1994). Stress management. In D. K. Sheaffer, R. (1997, May/June). Psychic departures and
Psychological Bulletin, 130, 601–630. Granvold (Ed.), Cognitive and behavioral treat- a discovery institute. Skeptical Inquirer, 21.
ment. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Seligman, M. E. P. (1970). On the generality of the laws Sher, A. E. (2006). Upper airway surgery for obstruc-
of learning. Psychological Review, 77, 406–418. Shapiro, F. (1991). Eye movement desensitization tive sleep apnea. In T. L. Lee-Chiong (Ed.),
and reprocessing: From MD to EMD/R—A new Sleep: A comprehensive handbook (pp. 365−372).
Seligman, M. E. P. (2002, December 9). Cited in M. treatment model for anxiety and related trauma. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Elias, What makes people happy psychologists Behavior Therapist, 14, 133–135.
now know. USA Today, A1. Sher, L. (2004). Type D personality, cortisol and car-
Shapiro, F. (2002). EMDR 12 years a er its introduc- diac disease. Australian & New Zealand Journal of
Seligman, M. E. P. (2003). e past and future of tion: Past and future research. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 38, 652–653.
positive psychology. In C. L. M. Keyes & J. Daidt Psychology, 58, 1–22.
(Eds.), Flourishing: Positive psychology and Sherman, R., & Hickner, J. (2008). Academic physi-
the life well-lived. Washington, DC: American Shapiro, F., & Maxfield, L. (2002). Eye movement cians use placebos in clinical practice and believe
Psychological Association. desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Infor- in the mind-body connection. Journal of General
mation processing in the treatment of trauma. Internal Medicine, 23, 7−10.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 933–948.
Positive psychology: An introduction. American Shermer, M. (2002, December). Mesmerized by mag-
Psychologist, 55, 5−14. Shapiro, J. P. (1996, May 27). Beyond the rain man. netism. Scientific American, 41.
U.S. News & World Report, 78–79.
Selye, H. (1993). History of the stress concept. In L. Shetty, A. K., & Turner, D. A. (1996). Development
Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of Shapiro, J. P., Loeb, P., Bowermaster, D., Wright, A., of fetal hippocampal gra s in intact and lesioned
stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (2nd ed.). Headden, S., & Toch, T. (1993, December 13). hippocampus. Progress in Neurobiology, 50,
New York: Free Press. Special report. U.S. News & World Report. 597–653.

Senden, M. von. (1960). Space and sight: The percep- Shapiro, L. (1992, August 31). e lesson of Salem. Shimaya, A. (1997). Perception of complex line draw-
tion of space and shape in the congenitally blind Newsweek. ings. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human
before and after operation (P. Heath, Trans.). New Perception and Performance, 23, 25–50.
York: Free Press. Shapiro, R. (2005). Treating anxiety disorders with
EMDR. In R. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR solutions: Shimizu, M., & Pelham, B. W. (2004). e uncon-
Seppa, N. (2005, December 10). Beyond hearing. Pathways to healing (pp. 312–326). New York: W. scious cost of good fortune: Implicit and explicit
Science News, 371–372. W. Norton. self-esteem, positive life events, and health.
Health Psychology, 23, 101–105.
Seppa, N. (2007, October 20). Looking for biomark- Shapiro, S. L., Shapiro, D. E., & Schwartz, G. E. R.
ers. Science News, 172, 246. (2000). Stress management in medical education: Shiraev, E., & Levy, D. (2009). Cross-cultural psychol-
A review of the literature. Academic Medicine, 75, ogy: Critical thinking and contemporary applica-
Seppa, N. (2008a, August 16). Go against the grains, 748–759. tions (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
diet study suggests. Science News, 9.
Sharp, D. (2003, February 20). Senior suicides to R E F E R E N C E S 675
Seppa, N. (2008b, August 16). Viagra and women. increase as U.S. ages. USA Today, A3.
Science News, 174.

Shizgal, P., & Arvanitogiannis, A. (2003). Gambling Simpson, J. A., & Tran, S. (2006). e needs, benefits, Smith, M. (2005, August 2). False memory may block
on dopamine. Science, 299, 856–857. and perils of close relationships. In P. Noller & J. unhealthy eating [On-line]. Available: http://www
A. Feeney (Eds.), Close relationships: Functions, .medpagetoday.com/PrimaryCare/DietNutrition/
Shomstein, S., & Yantis, S. (2006). Parietal cor- forms, and processes (pp. 3–24). Hove, England: tb/1466?pfc=101&spc=.
tex mediates voluntary control of spatial and Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis.
nonspatial auditory attention.The Journal of Smith, N. T. (2002). A review of the published lit-
Neuroscience, 26, 435–439. Sinclair, D. A., & Guarente, L. (2006, March). erature into cannabis withdrawal symptoms in
Unlocking the secrets of longevity genes. human users. Addiction, 97, 621–632.
Shriver, M. (2005, April 7). Cited in C. Brownlee, Scientific American, 48–57.
Code of many colors: Can researchers see race in Smits, J. A. J., O’Cleirigh, C. M., & Otto, M. W.
the genome? Science News, 167, 232–234. Singer, A. R., & Dobson, K. S. (2006). Cognitive (2006). Panic and agoraphobia. In M. Hersen &
behavioral treatment. In M. Hersen & J. C. omas J. C. omas (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of
Shute, N. (2007, April 30). What went wrong? U.S. (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of personality personality and psychopathology: Adult psychopa-
News & World Report, 42−52. and psychopathology: Adult psychopathology (Vol. thology (Vol. 2, pp. 121–137). Hoboken, NJ: John
2, pp. 487–502). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Wiley & Sons.
Shute, N. (2009, February). e amazing teen brain.
U.S. News & World Report, 36−39. Singer, M. T., & Lalich, J. (1997). Crazy therapies: Smock, P. (2005, July 18). Cited in S. Jayson,
What are they? Do they work? San Francisco: Cohabitation is replacing dating. USA Today, 6D.
Sibbitt, W. (2006, August 19). Cited in S. Vorenberg, Jossey-Bass.
Less fear is decorated needle’s point. The Snyder, C. R., Shenkel, R. J., & Lowery, C. R. (1977).
Albuquerque Tribune. Singer, T., Seymour, B., O’Doherty, J., Kaube, H., Acceptance of personality interpretations:
Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. (2004). Empathy for pain e “Barnum effect” and beyond. Journal of
Sibold, J. (2009, June 3). Cited in N. Hellmich, Good involves the affective but not sensory components Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 104–114.
mood can run a long time a er workout. USA of pain. Science, 303, 1157−1162.
Today, 5D. Society for Personality Assessment. (2005). e status
Singular, S. (2006). Unholy messenger: The life and of the Rorschach in clinical and forensic practice:
Sidtis, J. J., Volpe, B. T., Wilson, D. H., Rayport, M., & crimes of the BTK serial killer. New York: Scribner. An official statement by the Board of Trustees of
Gazzaniga, M. S. (1981). Variability in right hemi- the Society for Personality Assessment. Journal of
sphere language function a er callosal section: Sinha, G. (2001, June). Out of control. Popular Personality Assessment, 85, 219–237.
Evidence for a continuum of generative capacity. Science, 47–52.
Journal of Neuroscience, 1, 323–331. Solms, M. (2006, April/May). Freud returns. Scientific
Sivertsen, B., Omvik, S., Pallesen, S., Bjorvatn, American Mind, 28–34.
Siegal, A., & Sapru, H. N. (2007). Essential neuro- B., Havik, O. E., Kvale, G., Nielsen, G. H., &
science. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Nordhus, I. H. (2006). Cognitive behavioral ther- Solomon, P. R., Adams, F., Silver, A., Zimmer, J.,
Wilkins. apy vs. Zopiclone for treatment of chronic pri- & DeVeaux, R. (2002). Ginkgo for memory
mary insomnia in older adults. The Journal of the enhancement. Journal of the American Medical
Siegal, M. (2005). Can we cure fear? Scientific American Medical Association, 295, 2851–2858. Association, 288, 835–840.
American Mind, 16, 45–49.
Skaret, E., & Soevdsnes, E-K. (2005). Behavioral sci- Sommer, I. E. C., Aleman, A., Bouma, A., & Kahn,
Siegel, J. M. (2003, November). Why we sleep. ence in dentistry. e role of the dental hygienist R. S. (2004). Do women really have more bilat-
Scientific American, 92–97. in prevention and treatment of the fearful dental eral language representation than men? A meta-
patient. International Journal of Dental Hygiene, analysis of functional imaging studies. Brain, 127,
Siegel, R. K. (1989). Intoxication. New York: Dutton. 3, 2–6. 1845–1852.
Sierpina, V., Astin, J., & Giordano, J. (2007). Mind-
Skerrett, P. J., & Leopold, J. A. (2008, January 21). Song, H. (2007, December). Cited in O. V. Mourik,
body therapies for headache. American Family How to solve three puzzles. Newsweek, 64−66. e origin of schizophrenia. Discover, 19.
Physician, 76, 1518−1522.
Sigelman, C. K., & Rider, E. A. (2006). Life-span Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms. New Song, S. (2005, November 28). Pet Rx: Nothing to
human development (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: York: Appleton-Century-Cro s. sniff at. Time, 83.
Wadsworth/ omson.
Sigelman, C. K., & Rider, E. A. (2009). Life-span Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Song, S. (2006a, March 27). Mind over medicine.
human development (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: New York: Macmillan. Time, 13.
Wadsworth, Cengage.
Silbernagl, S., & Despopoulos, A. (2008). Color atlas of Skinner, B. F. (1989). e origin of cognitive thought. Song, S. (2006b, July 14). e daily Rx. Time
physiology (6th ed.). New York: ieme Medical. American Psychologist, 44, 13–18. [On-line]. Available: http://www.time.blogs.com/
Silke, A. (2003). Deindividuation, anonymity, and daily_rx/2006/07/childbehavior.html.
violence: Findings from Northern Ireland. Skinner, N., & Brewer, N. (2002). e dynamics of
Journal of Social Psychology, 143, 493–499. threat and challenge appraisals prior to stressful Sonntag, K., Simantov, R., & Isacson, O. (2005). Stem
Sillery, B. (2002, June). At what level of the animal achievement events. Journal of Personality and cells may reshape the prospect of Parkinson’s
hierarchy do we find true sleep? Popular Science, Social Psychology, 83, 678–692. disease therapy. Molecular Brain Research, 134,
89. 34–51.
Silver, J., & Miller, J. H. (2004). Regeneration beyond Skipp, C., & Johnson, D. (2003, October 5). Brianna:
the glial scar. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, e little girl that could. Newsweek. Sotsky, S. M., Glass, D. R., Shea, T., Pilkonis, P. A.,
146–156. Collins, F., Elkin, I., Watkins, J. T., Imber, S. D.,
Silver, S. M., Rogers, S., Knipe, J., & Colelli, G. (2005). Skloot, R. (2006, January). Can memory manipula- Leber, W. R., Moyer, J., & Oliveri, M. E. (2006,
EMDR therapy following the 9/11 terrorist tion change the way you eat? Discover, 30. April). Patient predictors of response to psycho-
attacks: A community-based intervention project therapy and pharmacotherapy: Findings in the
in New York City. International Journal of Stress Slade, B. A., Leidel, L., Vellozzi, C., Woo, E. J., Hua, NIMH treatment of depression collaborative
Management, 12, 29–42. W., Sutherland, A., Izurieta, H. S., Ball, R., Miller, research program. Focus, 4, 278.
Simcock, G., & Hayne, H. (2002). Breaking the bar- N., Braun, M. M., Markowitz, L. E., & Iskander,
rier? Children fail to translate their preverbal J. (2009). Postlicensure safety surveillance for Soyez, V., & Broekaert, E. (2005). erapeutic com-
memories into language. Psychological Science, quadrivalent human papillomavirus recombi- munities, family therapy, and humanistic psy-
13, 225–231. nant vaccine. Journal of the American Medical chology: History and current examples. Journal of
Simeonova, D. I., Chang, K. D., Strong, C., & Ketter, Association, 302, 750−757. Humanistic Psychology, 45, 302–332.
T. A. (2005). Creativity in familial bipolar disor-
der. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 39, 623–631. Slone, K. C. (1985). They’re rarely too young . . . and Spalding, K. L., Arner, E., Westermark, P. O.,
Simon, B., & Sturmer, S. (2003). Respect for group never too old “to twinkle.” Ann Arbor, MI: Shar Bernard, S., Buchholz, B. A., Bergmann, O.,
members: Intragroup determinants of collec- Publications. Blomqvist, L., Hoffstedt, J., Näslund, E., Britton,
tive identification and group-serving behavior. T., Concha, H., Hassan, M., Rydén, M., Frisén,
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, Small, G. W., Propper, M. W., Randolph, E. T., & J., & Arner, P. (2008, June). Dynamics of fat cell
183–193. Spencer, E. (1991). Mass hysteria among student turnover in humans. Nature, 453.
Simons, J. S., Peers, P. V., Hwang, D. Y., Ally, B. A., performers: Social relationship as a symptom
Fletcher, P. C., & Budson, A. E. (2008). Is the pari- predictor. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, Spanos, N. P. (1994). Multiple identity enactments
etal lobe necessary for recollection in humans? 1200–1205. and multiple personality disorder: A sociocog-
Neuropsychologia, 46, 1185−1191. nitive perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 116,
Simonton, D. K. (2000). Creativity: Cognitive, Smith, C. (1997, February 9). Companies using per- 143–165.
personal, developmental, and social aspects. sonality tests for making hires that fit. The Los
American Psychologist, 55, 151–158. Angeles Times. Spanos, N. P. (1996). Multiple identities and
false memories: A sociocognitive perspective.
676 R E F E R E N C E S Smith, D. (2002, June). Where are recent grads get- Washington, DC: American Psychological
ting jobs? Monitor on Psychology, 28–32. Association.

Smith, D. (2003, March). Angry thoughts, at-risk Spearman, C. (1904). “General intelligence” objec-
hearts. Monitor on Psychology, 46–47. tively determined and measured. American
Journal of Psychology, 15, 201–293.
Smith, E. E. (2000). Neural bases of human work-
ing memory. Current Directions in Psychological
Science, 9, 45–49.

Spector, P. E., Cooper, C. L., Sanchez, J. I., Stafford, R. (2005, July 8). A family’s painful lesson Sternberg, R. J., Grigorenko, E. L., & Kidd, K. K.
O’Driscoll, M., Sparks, K., Bernin, P., Bussing, on the dangers of teen driving. Dateline NBC (2005). Intelligence, race, and genetics. American
A., Dewe, P., Hart, P., Lu, L., Miller, K., de [On-line]. Available: http://www.msnbc.msn Psychologist, 60, 46−59.
Moraes, R. F., Ostrognay, G. M., Pagon, M., .com/id/8501174/print/1/displaymode/1098/.
Pitariu, H., Poelmans, S., Radhakrishnan, Sternberg, R. J., Lautrey, J., & Lubart, T. I. (Eds.).
P., Russinova, V., Salamatov, V., Salgado, J., Stahl, L. (2009, March 8). Eyewitness: How accurate is (2003a). Models of intelligence. Washington, DC:
Shima, S., Siu, O. L., Stora, J. B., Teichmann, visual memory? 60 Minutes [On-line]. Available: American Psychological Association.
M., eorell, T., Vlerick, P., Westman, M., http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/03/06/
Widerszal-Bazyl, M., Wong, P., & Yu, A. S. 60minutes/main4848039.shtml. Sternberg, R. J., Lautrey, J., & Lubart, T. I. (2003b).
(2001). Do national levels of individualism and Where are we in the field of intelligence, how
internal locus of control relate to well-being: An Stahl, S. M. (2000). Essential psychopharmacology did we get here, and where are we going? In R. J.
ecological level international study. Journal of (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. Sternberg, J. Lautrey & T. I. Lubart (Eds.), Models
Organizational Behavior, 22, 815–832. of intelligence. Washington, DC: American
Stahl, S. M. (2002). Don’t ask, don’t tell, but benzo- Psychological Association.
Spector, P. E., Fox, S., Penney, L. M., Bruursema, K., diazepines are still the leading treatments for
Goh, A., & Kessler, S. (2006). e dimensionality anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Sternberg, R. J., & O’Hara, L. A. (2000). Intelligence
of counterproductivity: Are all counterproductive 63, 756–757. and creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook
behaviors created equal? Journal of Vocational of intelligence. New York: Cambridge University
Behavior, 68, 446−460. Stasser, G., & Dietz-Uhler, B. (2003). Collective Press.
choice, judgment, and problem solving. In M. A.
Sperling, G. A. (1960). e information avail- Hogg & S. Tindale (Eds.), Blackwell handbook Sternberg, R. J., & Pretz, J. E. (2005). Cognition and
able in brief visual presentations. Psychological of social psychology: Group processes (pp. 31–55). intelligence: Identifying the mechanisms of the
Monographs, 74 (Whole No. 498). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. mind. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Sperry, R. W. (1974). Lateral specialization in Steel, P. (2007). e nature of procrastination: A Sternberg, R. J., & Soriano, L. J. (1984). Styles of con-
the surgically separated hemisphere. In R. O. meta-analytic and theoretical review of quint- flict resolution. Journal of Personality and Social
Schmitt & F. G. Worden (Eds.), The neurosci- essential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Psychology, 47, 115–126.
ences: Third study program. Cambridge, MA: Bulletin, 133, 65−94.
MIT Press. Sternberg, R. J., & Yang, S. (2003, February). Cited in
Steenhuysen, J. (2008a, January 3). Placebo use com- E. Benson, Intelligence across cultures. Monitor
Sperry, R. W. (1993, August). Cited in T. Deangelis, mon, doctors say in U.S. survey. San Diego Union on Psychology, 56–58.
Sperry plumbs science for values and solutions. Tribune.
APA Monitor. Sternberg, S. (2002, November 27–28). Women now
Steenhuysen, J. (2008b, December 8). Brain-boosting make up half of AIDS cases, U.N. study finds.
Spiegal, D. (2005, November 22). Cited in S. Blakeslee, drugs: Why not?, experts say. Reuters. USA Today, A1.
is is your brain under hypnosis. The New York
Stein, J. (2003, August 4). Just say Om. Time, 50–55. Sternberg, S. (2006, July 13). Once-a-day HIV drug
Times, D1, D4. Stein, L. M., & Memon, A. (2006). Testing the efficacy cocktail—in one pill—wins FDA approval. USA
Spiegel, D. (2007). e mind prepared: Hypnosis in Today, 6D.
of the cognitive interview in a developing coun-
surgery. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, try. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20, 597–605. Sternberg, S. (2008a, August 2). AIDS survey signals
99, 1280−1281. Stein, M., & Perrin, J. M. (2003). Diagnosis and treat- ‘downturn in treatment.’ USA Today.
Spiegler, M. D., & Guevremont, D. C. (2003). ment of ADHD school-age children in primary
Contemporary behavior therapy (4th ed.). care settings. Pediatrics in Review, 24, 92−98. Sternberg, S. (2008b, October 27). Early HIV treat-
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/ omson Learning. Stein, M. B., Goldin, P. R., Sareen, J., Zorrilla, L. T. ment radically boosts survival. USA Today, 7D.
Spiegler, M. D., & Guevremont, D. C. (2009). E., & Brown, G. G. (2002). Increased amygdala
Contemporary behavior therapy (5th ed.). activation to angry and contemptuous faces in Sternberg, S. (2009, September 1). Adoption of HPV
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage. generalized social phobia. Archives of General vaccine slow going. USA Today, 6D.
Spielman, D. A., & Staub, E. (2000). Reducing boys’ Psychiatry, 59, 1027–1034.
aggression: Learning to fulfill basic needs con- Stein, M. T. (2004). When parents and teachers dis- Steven, M. S., Hansen, P. C., & Blakemore, C. (2006).
structively. Journal of Applied Developmental agree about a child’s behavior: An opportunity for Activation of color-selective areas of the visual
Psychology, 21, 165–181. further evaluations. Journal of Developmental & cortex in a blind synesthete. Cortex, 42, 304−308.
Spillar, K., & Harrington, P. (2000, February, 18). Behavioral Pediatrics, 25, 50−51.
Stein, R. (2005a, October 9). Scientists finding out Stevens, C., & Neville, H. (2008). Cited in J. Barlow,
is is what you get when men rule the roost. Los what losing sleep does to a body. Washington Post, Parental intervention boosts education of kids
Angeles Times, B7. A1. at high risk of failure. University of Oregon
Spitz, H. H. (1997). Some questions about the results Stein, R. (2005b, October 31). Cervical cancer vac- Public Relations [On-line]. Available: http://
of the Abecedarian early intervention proj- cine gets injected with a social issue. Washington pmr.uregon.edu.
ect cited by the APA task force on intelligence. Post, A3.
American Psychologist, 52, 72. Steinberg, J. (2003, February 11). Flaws seen in cam- Stice, E. (2002). Risk and maintenance factors
Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., Skodol, A. E., Williams, J. pus policies replacing affirmative action. The New for eating pathology: A meta-analytic review.
B. W., & First, M. B. (Eds.). (1994). DSM-IV case- York Times, A23. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 825–848.
book. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Steinberg, L. (2004, May 10). Cited in C. Wallis &
Association. K. Dell, What makes teens tick. Time. Stickgold, R. (2000, March 7). Cited in S. Blakeslee,
Spitzer, R. L., Terman, M., Williams, J. B., Terman, Steinberg, L. (2007, December 2). Cited in e For better learning, researchers endorse “sleep on
J. S., Malt, U. F., Singer, F., & Lewy, A. J. (1999). Associated Press, Teens’ brains explain their it” adage. The New York Times, D2.
Jet lag. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, impulsiveness. MSNBC [On-line]. Available:
1392–1396. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21997683/. Stickgold, R. (2005). Sleep-dependent memory con-
Springen, K. (2008, January 11). Pets: Good for your Steiner, R. (1989). Live TV special explores, tests solidation. Nature, 437, 1272–1278.
health? Newsweek [On-line]. Available: http:// psychic powers. Skeptical Inquirer, 14, 2–6.
www.newsweek.com/id/91445. Steptoe, A., & Wardle, J. (1988). Emotional fainting Stickgold, R., & Ellenbogen, J. M. (2008, August/
Springer, S. P., & Deutsch, G. (1997). Left brain, right and the psychophysiologic response to blood and September). Quiet! Sleeping brain at work.
brain (5th ed.). New York: Freeman. injury: Autonomic mechanisms and coping strat- Scientific American Mind, 22−29.
Squire, L. R., Clark, R. E., & Bayley, P. J. (2004). egies. Psychosomatic Medicine, 50, 402–417.
Medial temporal lobe function and memory. In Sternberg, R. J. (1995). For whom the Bell Curve tolls: Stone, B. (2002, June 24). How to recharge the second
M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences A review of The Bell Curve. Psychological Science, sense. Newsweek, 54.
III. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 6, 257–261.
Squire, L. R., & Kandel, E. R. (2009). Memory: From Sternberg, R. J. (2001). What is the common thread of Storbeck, J., Robinson, M. D., & McCourt, M. E.
mind to molecules. Greenwood Village, CO: creativity? American Psychologist, 56, 360–362. (2006). Semantic processing precedes affect
Roberts and Company Publishers. Sternberg, R. J. (2003a). Our research program vali- retrieval: e neurological case for cognitive
Squire, L. R., & Knowlton, B. J. (1995). Memory, hip- dating the triarchic theory of successful intel- primacy in visual processing. Review of General
pocampus, and brain systems. In M. S. Gazzaniga ligence: Reply to Gottfredson. Intelligence, 31, Psychology, 10, 41–55.
(Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences. Cambridge, 399–413.
MA: MIT Press. Sternberg, R. J. (2003b, June). It’s time for prescrip- Story, M., Kaphingst, K. M., Robinson-O’Brien, R.,
tion privileges. Monitor on Psychology, 5. & Glanz, K. (2008). Creating healthy food and
eating environments: Policy and environmental
approaches. Annual Review of Public Health, 29,
253−272.

Strain, E. C., Mumford, G. K., Silverman, K., &
Griffiths, R. R. (1994). Caffeine dependence
syndrome. Journal of the American Medical
Association, 272, 1043–1048.

Strauss, V. (2004, September 14). Can exam anxi-
ety be overcome with effort? Teachers urged to
address issues as test pressures grow. Washington
Post, A12.

R E F E R E N C E S 677

Streissguth, A. P., Barr, H. M., Bookstein, F. L., Talan, J. (2006a, February/March). Spirituality. Taylor-Barnes, N. (2008, February 15). Teen addresses
Sampson, P. D., & Olson, H. C. (1999). e long- Scientific American Mind, 17, 39–41. hyperactivity in own terms. Cited in C. Cadelago,
term neurocognitive consequences of prenatal San Francisco Gate.
alcohol exposure: A 14-year study. Psychological Talan, J. (2006b, October/November). Visions for
Science, 10, 186–190. psychedelics. Scientific American Mind, 7. Teicher, M. H. (2002, March). e neurobiology of
child abuse. Scientific American, 68–75.
Stromeyer, C. F., III. (1970, November). Eidetikers. Talan, J. (2009). Deep brain stimulation. Washington,
Psychology Today. DC: Dana Press. Temple, E., Deutsch, G. K., Poldrack, R. A., Miller, S.
L., Tallal, P., Merzenich, M. M., & Gabrieli, J. D.
Struckman-Johnson, C., Struckman-Johnson, D., & Talarico, J. M., & Rubin, D. C. (2003). Confidence, not E. (2003). Neural deficits in children with dyslexia
Anderson, P. B. (2003). Tactics of sexual coer- consistency, characterizes flashbulb memories. ameliorated by behavioral remediation: Evidence
cion: When men and women won’t take no for an Psychological Science, 14, 455–461. from functional MRI. Proceedings of the National
answer. The Journal of Sex Research, 40, 76–86. Academy of Science, 100, 2860–2865.
Talbot, M. (2000, January 9). e placebo prescrip-
Strueber, D., Lueck, M., & Roth, G. (2006, tion. The New York Times Magazine, 34. Terman, L. M. (1916). The measurement of intelligence.
December/2007, January). e violent brain. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Scientific American Mind, 20−27. Talbot, M. (2009, April 27). Brain game. The New
Yorker. Terman, L. M., & Oden, M. H. (1959). The gifted
Stutts, J. C., Wilkins, J. W., Osberg, J. S., & Vaughn, group at mid-life (Vol. 5). Stanford, CA: Stanford
B. V. (2002). Driver risk factors for sleep-related Tallal, P. (1995, August 29). Cited in S. Begley, Why University Press.
crashes. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 841, Johnny and Joanie can’t read. Newsweek.
1–11. Terracciano, A., Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (2006).
Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Bornstein, M. H., & Baum- Personality plasticity a er age 30. Personality and
Suddath, R. L., Christison, G. W., Torrey, E. F., well, L. (2001). Maternal responsiveness and chil- Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 999−1009.
Casanova, M. R., & Weinberger, D. R. (1990). dren’s achievement of language milestones. Child
Anatomical abnormalities in the brains of Development, 72, 748–767. Terrace, H. S. (1981). A report to an academy, 1980.
monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 364,
New England Journal of Medicine, 322, 789–794. Tammet, D. (2007). Born on a blue day: Inside the 94–114.
extraordinary mind of an autistic savant. New apar, A., & McGuffin, P. (1993). Is personality dis-
Sue, D., Sue, D. W., & Sue, S. (2010). Understanding York: Free Press. order inherited? An overview of the evidence.
abnormal behavior (9th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral
Tammet, D. (2009, April/May). ink better: Tips Assessment, 15, 325–345.
Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2007). Counseling the culturally from a savant. Scientific American Mind, 60−64. ase, M. E. (2006). Major depressive disorder. In
diverse: Theory and practice (5th ed.). New York: M. Hersen & J. C. omas (Eds.), Comprehensive
John Wiley & Sons. Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). handbook of personality and psychopathology:
Sex differences in coping behavior: A meta- Adult psychopathology (Vol. 2, pp. 207–230).
Sullivan, R. M., Taborsky-Barba, S., Mendoza, R., analysis review and an examination of relative Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Itano, A., Leon, M., Cotman, C. W., Payne, T. R., coping. Personality and Social Psychology Review, ase, M. E. (2009). Neurobiological aspects of
& Lott, I. (1991). Olfactory classical conditioning 6, 2–30. depression. In I. H. Gotlib & C. L. Hammen
in neonates. Pediatrics, 87, 511–518. (Eds.), Handbook of depression (2nd ed.,
Taneeru, M. (2006, December 29). Obesity: A lurking pp. 187−217). New York: Guilford Press.
Susskind, J. M., Lee, D. H., Cusi, A., Feiman, national threat? CNN [On-line]. Available: http:// eall-Honey, L. A., & Schmidt, L. A. (2006). Do temper-
R., Grabski, W., & Anderson, A. K. (2008). www.cnn.com/2006/HEALTH.diet.fitness/03/24/ amentally shy children process emotion differently
Expressing fear enhances sensory acquisition. hb.obesity.epidemic/index.html. than nonshy children? Behavioral, psychophysio-
Nature Neuroscience, 11, 843−850. logical, and gender differences in reticent preschool-
Tankova, I., Adan, A., & Buela-Casal, G. (1994). ers. Developmental Psychobiology, 48, 187−196.
Suzuki, S. (1998, January 27). Cited in Shinichi Circadian typology and individual differences. A elen, E. (1995). Motor development. American
Suzuki: Started music classes for toddlers. Los review. Personality and Individual Differences, 16, Psychologist, 50, 79–95.
Angeles Times, B8. 671–684. omas, A., & Chess, S. (1977). Temperament and
development. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Svensen, S., & White, K. (1994). A content analy- Tannen, D. (1990). You just don’t understand: Women omas, C. R. (2006). Evidence-based practice
sis of horoscopes. Genetic, Social and General and men in conversation. New York: William for conduct disorder symptoms. Journal of the
Psychology Monographs, 12, 5–38. Morrow. American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, 45, 109–114.
Svirsky, M. A., Robbins, A. M., Kirk, K. I., Pisoni, D. Tannen, D. (1994). Talking from 9 to 5. New York: omas, E. (2003, October 20). I am addicted to pain
B., & Miyamoto, R. T. (2000). Language develop- William Morrow. prescription medication. Newsweek, 43–47.
ment in profoundly deaf children with cochlear omas, E. (2007, April 30). Making of a massacre.
implants. Psychological Science, 11, 153–158. Tanouye, E. (1997, July 7). Got a big public speaking Newsweek, 22−31.
phobia? San Diego Union-Tribune. ompson, J., & Grosinger, P. C. (2001). Home in one
Swaminathan, N. (2007, September 24). Did Sesame piece. Fargo, ND: McCleery & Sons.
Street have it right? Scientific American. Tarkan, L. (2002, October 22). Autism therapy is ompson, P. M., Cannon, T. D., Narr, K., van Erp,
called effective, but rare. The New York Times, D2. T., Poutamen, V. P., Huttunen, M., Loonqvist,
Swanberg, M. M., Nasreddine, Z. S., Mendez, M. F., J., Standertskjold-Nordenstam, C. G., Kaprio, J.,
& Cummings, J. L. (2007). Speech and language. Tarumi, S., Ichimiya, A., Yamada, S., Umesue, M., & Khaledy, M., Dail, R., Zoulmalan, C. I., & Toga,
In C. G. Goetz (Ed.), Textbook of clinical neurol- Kuroki, T. (2004). Taijin kyofusho in university A. W. (2001). Genetic influences on brain struc-
ogy (3rd ed., pp. 79−98). Philadelphia: Saunders students: Patterns of fear and predispositions to ture. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 1253–1258.
Elsevier. the offensive variant. Transcultural Psychiatry, 41, ompson, R. A. (1998). Early sociopersonality devel-
533–546. opment. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.),
Sweet, R. A., Mulsant, B. H., Gupta, B., Rifai, A. H., Handbook of child psychology (Vol. 1). New York:
Pasternak, R. E., McEachran, A., & Zubenko, Tawa, R. (1995, March 12). Shattering the silence. Los John Wiley & Sons.
G. S. (1995). Duration of neuroleptic treatment Angeles Times. ompson, R. A. (2006). e development of the
and prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in late life. person: Social understanding, relationships, con-
Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 478–486. Taylor, B. E. S. (2007). ADHD & me: What I learned science, self. In N. Eisenberg, W. Damon & R. M.
from lighting fires at the dinner table. Oakland, Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (6th
Swim, J. K., Aikin, K. J., Hall, W. S., & Hunter, B. A. CA: New Harbinger. ed., pp. 24–98). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
(1995). Sexism and racism: Old-fashioned and orndike, E. L. (1898). Animal intelligence: An exper-
modern principles. Journal of Personality and Taylor, B. E. S. (2008). Student writes personal imental study of the associative process in animals.
Social Psychology, 68, 199–214. account of ADHD. Cited in A. Hollyfield, ABC Psychological Review Monograph Supplement, 2(8).
News [On-line]. Available: http://abclocal.go.com/ orpe, G. L., & Sigman, S. T. (2008). Behavior
Sylvester, T. (2009). Endangered species: Tigers. kgo/story/?section=news/local&id=5921407&pt= therapy. In I. Marini & M. A. Stebnicki (Eds.),
Associated Content [On-line]. Available: http:// print. The professional counselor’s desk reference
www.associatedcontent.com/pop/print.shtml? (pp. 337−344). New York: Springer Publishing.
content_type=article&content_type=196994. Taylor, J., & Miller, M. (1997). When time-out works
some of the time: e importance of treatment
Szabo, L. (2006, April 24). Insomnia drugs: A wake- integrity and functional assessment. School
up call? USA Today, 8D. Psychology Quarterly, 12, 4–22.

Szyfelbein, S. K., Osgood, P. F., & Carr, D. B. (1985). Taylor, S. E. (1981). e interface of cognitive and
e assessment of pain and plasma B-endorphin social psychology. In J. Harvey (Ed.), Cognition,
social behavior, and the environment. Hillsdale,
immunoactivity in burned children. Pain, 22, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
173–182.
Taani, D. Q., El-Qaderi, S. S., & Abu Alhaija, E. S. J. Taylor, S. E. (2002). The tending instinct: How nurtur-
(2005). Dental anxiety in children and its rela- ing is essential to who we are and how we live. New
tionship to dental caries and gingival condition. York: Times Books, Henry Holt and Company.
International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 3, 83–87.
Taylor, S. E., Kemeny, M. E., Reed, G. M., Bower, J.
678 R E F E R E N C E S E., & Gruenewald, T. L. (2000). Psychological
resources, positive illusions, and health. American
Psychologist, 55, 99–109.

raenhardt, B. (2006, December/2007, January). Treffert, D. A. (2006). Extraordinary people: UPI (United Press International). (2006, November
Hearing voices. Scientific American Mind, 74−79. Understanding savant syndrome. Lincoln, NE: 24). Chinese learn to smile for 2008 Olympics.
Tierney, A. J. (2000). Egas Moniz and the origins of iUniverse. Science Daily.
psychosurgery: A review commemorating the
50th anniversary of Moniz’s Nobel Prize. Journal Treffert, D. A., & Wallace, G. L. (2002, June). Island of U.S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
of the History of the Neurosciences, 9, 22–36. genius. Scientific American, 76–85. (2006). Occupational outlook handbook [On-line].
Time. (2006, January 16). Making the most of your Available: www.bls.gov.
day … and best use of the night. Tremmel, P. V. (2007, September 25). Music training
Time. (2007a, July 16). Opiates for the masses, 14. linked to enhanced verbal skills. Northwestern USA Today. (2005, August 18). Race disparities in
Time. (2007b, November 19). Milestones. University news and information [On-line]. health care persist, 5D.
Time. (2007c, December 3). e year in medicine: Available: http://www.northwestern.edu/
From A to Z, 63−86. newscenter/stories/2007/09/kraus.html. USA Today. (2009, January 23). Across the USA:
Time. (2008, July 18). e world: Numbers, 14−15. California, 7A.
Timmer, S. G., Urquiza, A. J., Zebell, N. M., & Tresniowski, A., & Bell, B. (1996, September 9).
McGrath, J. M. (2005). Parent-child interaction Oprah buff. People, 81. USA Today/CNN/Gallup. (2006, February/March).
therapy: Application to maltreating parent-child Cited in R. Rentschler, Nerves in flight. Scientific
dyads. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29, 825–842. Tresniowski, A., Harmel, K., & Matsushita, N. (2005, American Mind, 74−79.
Tippmann-Peikert, M., Morgenthaler, T. I., Boeve, January 24). e girl who can’t feel pain. People,
B. F., & Silber, M. H. (2006). REM sleep behavior 99–101. USCB (U.S. Census Bureau). (2008a). Cited in M. B.
disorder and REM-related parasomnias. In T. L. Marcus, People 65 and up will soon outnumber
Lee-Chiong (Ed.), Sleep: A comprehensive hand- Tripician, R. J. (2000, January/February). Confessions tots. USA Today, 5D.
book (pp. 435−441). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & of a (former) graphologist. Skeptical Inquirer,
Sons. 44–47. USCB. (2008b, November 10). Cited in S. Jayson,
Tisak, M. S., Tisak, J., & Goldstein, S. E. (2006). Waiting for the right time. USA Today, D1.
Aggression, delinquency, and morality: A social- Trump, D. J (2007, May 14). Wesley Autrey: From
cognitive perspective. In M. Killen & J. Smetana New York subway rider to all-American hero. USCB. (2009a). Facts for features: Older Americans
(Eds.), Handbook of moral development (pp. 611– Time, 101. month May 2009. U.S. Census Bureau News,
629). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. CB09-FF.07.
Tolman, D. L., Striepe, M. I., & Harmon, T. (2003). Trzesniewski, K. H., Donnellan, M. B., Moffitt, T. E.,
Gender matters: Constructing a model of adoles- Robins, R. W., Poulton, R., & Caspi, A. (2006). USCB. (2009b, July 9). Cited in S. Jayson, Couples
cent sexual health. Journal of Sex Research, 40, Low self-esteem during adolescence predicts poor study debunks ‘trial marriage’ notion. USA
4–12. health, criminal behavior, and limited economic Today, 7D.
Tolman, E. C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and prospects during adulthood. Developmental
men. Psychological Review, 55, 189–208. Psychology, 42, 381–390. USCFC (U.S. Court of Federal Claims). (2009,
Tolson, J. (2003, November 10). Faith & freedom. U.S. February 12). Autism decisions and background
News & World Report, 60–62. Trzesniewski, K. H., Donnellan, M. B., & Robins, R. information [On-line]. Available: http://www
Tomes, H. (2000, July/August). Why did APA take so W. (2003). Stability of self-esteem across the life .uscfc.uscourts.gov/node/5026.
long? Monitor on Psychology, 57. span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
Tompkins, J. (2003a, June 16). A night owl resets his 84, 205–220. USCM (United States Conference of Mayors). (2007).
body clock. Los Angeles Times, F1. Cited in C. Audi, Mental illness and homelessness
Tompkins, J. (2003b, June 16). How light became a Tsien, J. Z. (2000). Building a brainier mouse. [On-line]. Available: http://helpinghomeless
therapy. Los Angeles Times, F1. Scientific American, 62–68. .wordpress.com/2009/04/09/mental-illness-and
Tonegawa, S., & Wilson, M. (1997). Cited in W. -homelessness.
Roush, New knockout mice point to molecular Tully, E. C., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2008). An
basis of memory. Science, 275, 32–33. adoption study of parental depression as an envi- USDEOS (U.S. Department of Energy Office of
Toner, M. (2006, January 29). Chimpanzees closer to ronmental liability for adolescent depression and Science). (2007). Vision quest pioneer: Artificial
humans than to other apes, study confirms. The childhood disruptive disorders. American Journal retina recipient sees brighter future. Artificial
Sunday Times, A10. of Psychiatry, 165, 1148−1154. Retina Project [On-line]. Available: http://www
Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (2006). Toward mapping .artificialretina.energy.gov/byland.shtml.
the evolved functional organization of mind Tulving, E., & Craik, F. M. (Eds.). (2005). The
and brain. In E. Sober (Ed.), Conceptual issues Oxford handbook of memory. New York: Oxford USDHHS (U.S. Department of Health and Human
in evolutionary biology (3rd ed., pp. 175−196). University Press. Services), Administration on Children, Youth,
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. and Families. (2006). Child maltreatment 2004:
Toppo, G. (2008, September 16). Meanness appears to Turk, D. J. (2002). Cited in B. Bower, All about me: Reports from the states to the national child abuse
rub off on viewers. USA Today, 4D. Le brain may shine spotlight on self. Science and neglect data system [On-line]. Available:
Torrey, E. F. (2005). Does psychoanalysis have a future? News, 162, 118. http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/pubs/cm04
No. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 50, 743–744. /index.htm.
Torrey, F. E., Bowler, A. E., Taylor, E. H., & Turnbull, B. (2008, September 17). India’s first female
Gottesman, I. I. (1994). Schizophrenia and manic- officer had tough job. The Star [On-line]. Available: USDHHS. (2006). The health consequences of invol-
depressive disorder. New York: Basic Books. http://www.thestar.com/printArticle/500506. untary exposure to tobacco smoke: A report of the
Touchthetop. (2009). Erik Weihenmayer [On-line]. surgeon general. U.S. Department of Health and
Available: http://www.touchthetop.com. Turner, J. A., Deyo, R. A., Loeser, J. D., Von Korff, Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and
Tough, P. (2006, November 26). What it takes to M., & Fordyce, W. E. (1994). e importance of Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease
make a student. The New York Times Magazine. placebo effects in pain treatment and research. Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on
Tousignant, M., & DesMarchais, J. E. (2002). Accuracy Journal of the American Medical Association, 271, Smoking and Health. Washington, DC: Author
of student self-assessment ability compared 1609–1614.
to their own performance in a problem-based Useem, M. (2008, December 1/December 8). New
learning medical program: A correlation study. Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Increases in ideas for this pepsi generation. U.S. News & World
Advances in Health Sciences Education, 7, 19−27. positive self-views among high school students: Report, 49.
Towle, L. H. (1995, July 31). Elegy for lost boys. Time. Birth-cohort changes in anticipated perfor-
Tramer, M. R., Carroll, D., Campbell, F. A., Reynolds, mance, self-satisfaction, self-linking, and self- Uys, J. D., & LaLumiere, R. T. (2008). Glutamate: e
D. J. M., Moore, R. A., & McQuay, H. J. (2001). competence. Psychological Science, 19, 1082−1086. new frontier in pharmacotherapy for cocaine
Cannabinoids for control of chemotherapy addiction. CNS & Neurological Disorders—Drug
induced nausea and vomiting: Quantitative sys- Tyack, P. L. (2000). Dolphins whistle a signature tune. Targets, 7, 482−491.
tematic review. British Medical Journal, 323, Science, 289, 1310–1313.
16–21. Vahtera, J., Kivimaki, M., Uutela, A., & Pentti, J.
Tyre, P. (2005, December 5). Fighting anorexia. No (2000). Hostility and ill health: Role of psycho-
one to blame. Newsweek, 50–59. social resources in two contexts of working life.
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 48, 89–98.
Tyre, P. (2006, January 30). e trouble with boys.
Newsweek, 44–52. Valdes, L. (2006, October 16). Cited in E. P. Gunn,
It is in your head. U.S. News & World Report,
Uchino, B. N. (2004). Social support and physical EE8–9.
health: Understanding the health consequences
of relationships. New Haven, CT: Yale University Vallacher, R. R., & Nowak, A. (2007). Dynamical
Press. social psychology: Finding order in the flow of
human experience. In A. W. Kruglanski & E. T.
Ujike, H., & Sato, M. (2004). Clinical features of Higgins (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of
sensitization to methamphetamine observed in basic principles (2nd ed., pp. 734–758). New York:
patients with methamphetamine dependence and Guilford Press.
psychosis. Annals of the New York Academy of
Sciences, 1025, 279−287. Valli, K., & Revonsuo, A. (2009). e threat simula-
tion theory in light of recent empirical evidence:
Ulett, G. A. (2003, March/April). Acupuncture, magic A review. American Journal of Psychology, 122,
and make-believe. Skeptical Inquirer, 47–50. 17−38.

Underwood, A. (2006, October 23). How to read a R E F E R E N C E S 679
face. Newsweek, 65.

Valli, K., Revonsuo, A., Palkas, O., Ismail, K. H., Verdi, M. P., Johnson, J. T., Stock, W. A., Kulhavy, Wahbeh, H., Elsas, S., & Oken, B. S. (2008). Mind-
Ali, K. J., & Punamaki, R. (2005). e threat R. W., & Whitman-Ahern, P. (1997). Organized body interventions: Applications in neurology.
simulation theory of the evolutionary function spatial displays and texts: Effects of presentation Neurology, 70, 2321−2328.
of dreaming: Evidence from dreams of trauma- order and display type on learning outcomes.
tized children. Consciousness and Cognition, 14, Journal of Experimental Education, 65, 303−317. Waldinger, M. D. (2008, January). Premature ejacula-
188−218. tion: Different pathophysiologies and etiologies
Vergano, D. (2001, June 19). As many opinions as determine its treatment. Journal of Sex & Marital
Valtin, H. (2002). “Drink at least eight glasses of treatments in tobacco fight. USA Today, D8. Therapy, 34, 1−13.
water a day.” Really? Is there scientific evidence
for “8 × 8”? American Journal of Physiology, 283, Vergano, D. (2008, September 10). Brain scanners Walker, A., & Parmar, P. (1993). Warrior marks:
R993–R1004. trying to pinpoint our virtues within. USA Today, Female genital mutilation and sexual blinding of
7D. women. New York: Harcourt Brace.
Van Ameringen, M. A., Lane, R. M., Walker, J. R.,
Bowen, R. C., Chokka, P. R., Goldner, E. M., Verhovek, S. H. (2002, February 7). As suicide Walker, C., omas, J., & Allen, T. S. (2003). Treating
Johnston, D. G., Lavallee, Y., Nandy, S., Pecknold, approvals rise in Oregon, half go unused. The impulsivity, irritability, and aggression of anti-
J. C., Hadrava, V., & Swinson, R. P. (2001). New York Times, A16. social personality disorder with quetiapine.
Sertraline treatment for generalized social pho- International Journal of Offender Therapy and
bia: A 20-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled Verkhratsky, A., & Butt, A. (2007). Glial neurobiology. Comparative Criminology, 47, 556–567.
study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
275–281. Walker, H. (2008). Breaking free. New York:
Verlinden, S., Hersen, M., & omas, J. (2000). Risk Touchstone/Howard.
Van Cauter, E., Holmback, U., Knutson, K., Leproult, factors in school shootings. Clinical Psychology
R., Miller, A., Nedeltcheva, A., Pannain, S., Penev, Review, 29, 3–56. Wallace, S. G. (2004, April 21). Storm and stress?
P., Tasali, E., & Spiegal, K. (2007). Impact of sleep SADD Op-eds [On-line]. Available: http://
and sleep loss on neuroendocrine and metabolic Verma, S., Sharma, D., & Larson, R. W. (2002). sadd.org/oped/ storm.htm.
function. Hormone Research, 67, 2−9. School stress in India: Effects on time and daily
emotions. International Journal of Behavioral Wallerstein, R. S., & Fonagy, P. (1999). Psychoanalytic
Van de Castle, R. L. (1994). Our dreaming mind. New Development, 26, 500−508. research and the IPA: History, present status
York: Ballantine. and future potential. International Journal of
Vernon, P. A., Wickett, J. C., Bazana, G. P., & Psychoanalysis, 80, 91–109.
Van Gerwen, L. J., Spinhoven, P., Diekstra, R. F. W., & Stelmack, R. M. (2000). e neuropsychology
Van Dyck, F. (1997). People who seek help for fear of human intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Wallis, C. (2006, May 15). Inside the autistic mind.
of flying: Typology of flying phobics. Behavior Handbook of intelligence. New York: Cambridge Time, 42–48.
Therapy, 28, 237–251. University Press.
Wallis, C., & Dell, K. (2004, May 10). What makes
Van Laar, C., Levin, S., Sinclair, S., & Sidanius, J. Vetter, J. K. (2008, August). Warning: Teen drivers. teens tick. Time.
(2005). e effect of university roommate con- Reader’s Digest, 114−121.
tact on ethnic attitudes and behavior. Journal of Wallisch, P. (2008, February/March). An odd sense
Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 329–345. Villarreal, Y. (2008, May 18). Not even sleep can stop of timing. Scientific American Mind, 37−43.
us texting. The Atlanta Journal Constitution.
Van Manen, K., & Whitbourne, S. K. (1997). Psycho- Walsh, B. T., Kaplan, A. S., Attia, E., Olmsted, M.,
social development and life experiences in adult- Vince G. (2005, January 17). First biological test for Parides, M., Carter, J. C., Pike, K. M., Devlin,
hood: A 22-year sequential study. Psychology and ADHD unveiled [On-line]. Available: http:// M. J., Woodside, B., Roberto, C. A., & Rockert,
Aging, 12, 239–246. www. newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6886. W. (2006, June 14). Fluoxetine a er weight res-
toration in anorexia nervosa. The Journal of the
van Rossum, E. F. C., Koper, J. W., Huizenga, N. Vitello, P. (2006, June 12). A ring tone meant to fall American Medical Association, 295, 2605–2612.
A. T. M., Uitterlnden, A. G., Janssen, J. A. J. L., on deaf ears. The New York Times, A1.
Brinkman, A. O., Grobee, D. E., de Jong, F. H., Walsh, T., McClellan, J. M., McCarthy, S. E.,
van Duyn, C. M., Pols, H. A. P., & Lamberts, S. W. Vocci, F. J., Acri, J., & Elkashef, A. (2005). Medication Addington, A. M., Pierce, S. B., Cooper, G. M.,
J. (2002). A polymorphism in the glucocorticoid development for addictive disorders: e state of Nord, A. S., Kusenda, M., Malhotra, D., Bhandari,
receptor gene, which decreases sensitivity to glu- the science. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, A., Stray, S. M., Rippey, C. F., Roccanova, P.,
cocorticoids in vivo, is associated with low insulin 1432–1440. Makarov, V., Lakshmi, B., Findling, R. L., Sikich,
and cholesterol levels. Diabetes, 51, 3128–3134. L., Stromberg, T., Merriman, B., Gogtay, N.,
Vogele, C., Coles, J., Wardle, J., & Steptoe, A. (2003). Butler, P., Eckstrand, K., Noory, L., Gochman, P.,
Vandewater, E. A., Ostrove, J. M., & Stewart, A. J. Psychophysiologic effects of applied tension on Long, R., Chen, Z., Davis, S., Baker, C., Eichler,
(1997). Predicting women’s well-being in midlife: the emotional fainting response to blood and E. E., Meltzer, P. S., Nelson, S. F., Singleton, A. B.,
e importance of personality development and injury. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, Lee, M. K., Rapoport, J. L., King, M., & Sebat, J.
social role involvements. Journal of Personality 139–155. (2008). Rare structural variants disrupt multiple
and Social Psychology, 72, 1147–1160. genes in neurodevelopmental pathways in schizo-
Volkow, N. D. (2007, March 1). Fiscal year 2008 bud- phrenia. Science, 320, 539−543.
Vargas, J. S. (1991). B. F. Skinner: e last few days. get request—Testimony before the house subcom-
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, mittee on labor-HHS-education appropriations Wampold, B. E., Minami, T., Tierney, S. C., Baskin,
55, 1–2. [On-line]. Available: http://www.nida.nih.org. T. W., & Bhati, K. S. (2005). e placebo is power-
ful: Estimating placebo effects in medicine and
Vargha-Khadem, F. (2000, November 20). Cited in Volkow, N. D., Chang, L., Wang, G., Fowler, J. S., psychotherapy from randomized clinical trials.
J. Fischman, Seeds of a sociopath. U.S. News & Ding, Y., Sedler, M., Logan, J., Franceschi, D., Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61, 835–854.
World Report, 82. Gatley, J., Hitzemann, R., Gifford, A., Wong, C.,
& Pappas, N. (2003). Low level of brain dopamine Wand, G. (2005). e anxious amygdala: CREB sig-
Vargha-Khadem, F., Gadian, D. G., Copp, A., & D2 receptors in methamphetamine abusers: naling and predisposition to anxiety and alcohol-
Mishkin, M. (2005). FOXP2 and the neuro- Association with metabolism in the orbitofrontal ism. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 115,
anatomy of speech and language. Nature Reviews cortex. Focus, 1, 150–157. 2697–2699.
Neuroscience, 6, 131.
von Bothmer, E. (2006, October/November). When Wang, Q. (2003). Infantile amnesia reconsidered: A
Vastag, B. (2003). Addiction poorly understood the nose doesn’t know. Scientific American Mind, cross-cultural analysis. Memory, 11, 65–80.
by clinicians. Journal of the American Medical 62−67.
Association, 290, 1299–1303. Wang, S., Baillargeon, R., & Paterson, S. (2005).
von Hippel, W. (2007). Aging, executive function- Detecting continuity violations in infancy: A new
Vazsonyi, A. T., Hibbert, J. R., & Snider, J. B. ing, and social control. Current Directions in account and new evidence from covering and
(2003). Exotic enterprise no more? Adolescent Psychological Science, 16, 240−244. tube events. Cognition, 95, 129–173.
reports of family and parenting processes from
youth in four countries. Journal of Research on Vos, T., Haby, M. M., Barendregt, J. J., Kruijshaar, M., Wang, S. C. (2000). In search of Einstein’s genius.
Adolescence, 13, 129–160. Corry, J., & Andrews, G. (2004). e burden of Science, 289, 1477.
major depression avoidable by longer-term treat-
Vecera, S. (2002, June). Cited in R. Adelson, Figure ment strategies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, Wansink, B., Payne, C. R., & Chandon, P. (2007).
this: Deciding what’s figure, what’s ground. 1097–1103. Internal and external cues of meal cessation: e
Monitor on Psychology, 44–45. French paradox redux? Obesity, 15, 2920−2924.
Vredenburgh, J. (2007). Cited in Big Brothers Big
Vedantam, S. (2005, January 23). See no bias. Sisters, Our impact [On-line]. Available: http:// Ward, A., Tiller, J., Treasure, J., & Russell, G. (2000).
Washington Post, W12. www. bbbs.org. Eating disorders: Psyche or soma? International
Journal of Eating Disorders, 27, 279–287.
Venter, J. C. (2000, August 22). Cited in N. Angier, Do Waber, R. L., Shiv, B., Carmon, Z., & Ariely, D.
races differ: not really, genes show. The New York (2008). Commercial features of placebo and ther- Ward, J., Hall, K., & Haslam, C. (2006). Patterns
Times, D1. apeutic efficacy. Journal of the American Medical of memory dysfunction in current and 2-year
Association, 299, 1016−1017. abstinent MDMA users. Journal of Clinical and
680 R E F E R E N C E S Experimental Neuropsychology, 28, 306−324.
Wade, N. (2002, June 21). Stem cell progress reported
on Parkinson’s. The New York Times, A18.

Warden, C. H. (1997). Cited in J. Travis, Gene heats Weinraub, B. (2000, May 24). Out of “Spin City” and Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (2001). Journeys from
up obesity research. Science News, 151, 142. onto a new stage. The New York Times, B1. childhood to midlife: Risk, resilience and recovery.
Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Warner, J. (2007, September 24). Learn music to boost Weir, K. (2009, March/April). Taste the rainbow.
literacy in kids? WebMD [On-line]. Available: Psychology Today, 26. Wessel, H. (2003, February 17). Big employers
http://children.webmd.com/news/20070924/ increasingly using personality tests before they
learn-music-to-boost-literacy-in-kids. Weisberg, R. W. (1993). Creativity: Beyond the myth of hire. The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
genius. New York: Freeman.
Warrick, P. (1996, October 3). “I saw something C9 West, J., Taylor, M., Houghton, S., & Hudyman,
that captivated me.” The Los Angeles Times, E1. Weiss, A. P., Rauch, S. L., & Price, B. H. (2007). S. (2005). A comparison of teachers’ and par-
Neurosurgical intervention for psychiatric illness: ents’ knowledge and beliefs about attention-
Warrick, P. (1997, January 23). Prisoners of love. The Past, present, and future. In B. L. Miller & J. L. deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). School
Los Angeles Times. Cummings (Eds.), The human frontal lobes (2nd Psychology International, 26, 192−208.
ed., pp. 505−517). New York: Guilford Press.
Wartik, N. (1994, August 7). e amazingly simple, Westen, D. (1998). Unconscious thought, feeling, and
inexplicable therapy that just might work. The Los Weiss, L. A., Shen, Y., Korn, J. M., Arking, D. E., motivation: e end of a century-long debate. In
Angeles Times. Miller, D. T., Fossdal, R., Saemundsen, E., R. F. Bornstein & J. M. Masling (Eds.), Empirical
Stefansson, H., Ferreira, M. A. R., Green, T., Platt, perspectives on the psychoanalytic unconscious.
Watson, J. B. (1924). Behaviorism. Chicago: University O. S., Ruderfer, D. M., Walsh, C. A., Altshuler, Washington, DC: American Psychological
of Chicago Press. D., Chakravarti, A., Tanzi, R. E., Stefansson, K., Association.
Santangelo, S. L., Gusella, J. F., Sklar, P., Wu, B., &
Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional Daly, M. J. (2008). Association between microde- Westen, D. (2006a, January 24). Political bias affects
reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1–14. letion and microduplication at 16p11.2 and brain activity, study finds. MSNBC [On-line].
autism. The New England Journal of Medicine, Available: http://www.msnbc.com/id/11009379/.
Wattendorf, D. J., & Muenke, M. (2005). Fetal alcohol 358, 667−675.
spectrum disorders. American Family Physician, Westen, D. (2006b, July). e political brain. Scientific
72, 279−285. Weiss, P. H., Rahbari, N. N., Lux, S., Pietrzyk, U., American, 36.
Noth, J., & Fink, G. R. (2006). Processing the
Weaver, C. A., & Krug, K. S. (2004). Consolidation- spatial configuration of complex actions involves Westen, D. (2007, June 9). Cited in B. Bower, Past
like effects in flashbulb memories: Evidence right posterior parietal cortex: An fMRI study impressions. Science News, 363−365.
from September 11, 2001. American Journal of with clinical implication. Human Brain Mapping,
Psychology, 117, 517–530. 27, 1004−1014. Westen, D., & Gabbard, G. O. (1999). Psychoanalytic
approaches to personality. In L. A. Pervin & O.
Weaver, F. M., Follett, K., Stern, M., Hur, K., Harris, Weiss, R. (2007, December 13). Face-transplant P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality (2nd ed.),
C., Marks, W. J., Jr., Rothlind, J., Sagher, O., Reda, patient ‘satisfied.’ The Washington Post, A22. New York: Guilford Press.
D., Moy, C. S., Pahwa, R., Burchiel, K., Hogarth,
P., Lai, E. C., Duda, J. E., Holloway, K., Samii, A., Weissman, M. M., Verdeli, H., Gameroff, M. J., Westen, D., Gabbard, G. O., & Ortigo, K. M. (2008).
Horn, S., Bronstein, J., Stoner, G., Heemskerk, J., Bledsoe, S. E., Betts, K., Mufson, L., Fitterling, H., Psychoanalytic approaches to personality. Cited
& Huang, G. D. (2009). Bilateral deep brain stim- & Wickramaratne, P. (2006). National survey of in O. P. John, R. W. Robins & L. A. Pervin (Eds.),
ulation vs. best medical therapy for patients with psychotherapy training in psychiatry, psychology, Handbook of personality (pp. 61−113). New York:
advanced Parkinson disease. The Journal of the and social work. Archives of General Psychiatry, Guilford Press.
American Medical Association, 201, 63−73. 63, 925−934.
Westly, E. (2008, December/2009, January).
Webb, T., Whittington, J., Holland, A. J., Soni, S., Boer, Weitzenhoffer, A. M. (2002). Scales, scales, and more Psychiatry in flux. Scientific American Mind, 14.
H., Clarke, D., & Horsthemke, B. (2006). CD36 scales. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 44,
expression and its relationship with obesity in 209–219. Westrin, A., & Lam, R. (2007). Long-term and pre-
blood cells from people with and without Prader- ventative treatment for seasonal affective disor-
Willi syndrome. Clinical Genetics, 69, 26–32. Weller, E. B., Young, K. M., Rohrbaugh, A. H., & der. erapy in practice. CNS Drugs, 21, 901−909.
Weller, R. A. (2001). Overview and assessment
Webb, W. B. (1992). Sleep: The gentle tyrant (2nd ed.). of the suicidal child. Depression and Anxiety, 14, Whalen, D. H., Benson, R. R., Richardson, M., Swain-
Bolton, MA: Anker. 157–163. son, B., Clark, V. P., Lai, S., Mencl, W. E., Fulbright,
R. K., Constable, R. T., & Liberman, A. M. (2006).
Weber, E. H. (1834). De pulsu, resorptione, auditu et Wells, B. E., & Twenge, J. M. (2005). Changes in Differentiation of speech and nonspeech process-
tactu: Annotationes anatomical et physiological. young people’s sexual behavior and attitudes, ing within primary auditory cortex. The Journal
Liepzig: Koehler. 1943–1999: A cross-temporal meta-analysis. of the Acoustical Society of America, 119, 575–581.
Review of General Psychology, 9, 249–261.
Weihenmayer, E. (1999). Cited in Erik Weihenmayer, Whalen, P. J., & Phelps, E. A. (Eds.). (2009). The
Everest News [On-line]. Available: http://www Wells, G. (2009, March 11). Cited in S. Finkelstein, human amygdala. New York: Guilford Press.
.k2news.com/erik/htm. Eyewitness: Anatomy of a story. 60 Minutes
[On-line]. Available: http://www.cbsnews.com/ Whalen, P. J., Vadis, C., Oler, J. A., Kim, H., Kim, M.
Weihenmayer, E. (2009). Cited in Erik Weihenmayer, stories/2009/03/11/60minutes/main4859708 J., & Neta, M. (2009). Human amygdala responses
Touchthetop [On-line]. Available: http://www .shtml. to facial expressions of emotion. In P. J. Whalen
.touchthetop.com. & E. A. Phelps (Eds.), The human amygdala
Wells, G. L., Malpass, R. S., Lindsay, R. C. L., Fisher, (pp. 265−288). New York: Guilford Press.
Weil, E. (2006, March 12). A wrongful birth? The R. P., Turtle, J. W., & Fulero, S. M. (2000).
New York Times, 6–42. From the lab to the police station. American White, J. M., & Porth, C. M. (2000). Evolution of a
Psychologist, 55, 581–598. model of stress, coping and discrete emotions. In
Weinberg, R. A., Scarr, S., & Waldman, I. D. (1992). V. R. Rice (Ed.), Handbook of stress, coping and
e Minnesota transracial adoption study: A Wells, G. L., & Olson, E. A. (2003). Eyewitness testi- health. ousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
mony. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 277–295.
follow-up of IQ test performance at adolescence. White, R. (2002). Memory for events a er twenty
Intelligence, 16, 117–135. Wenner, M. (2008a, April/May). Infected with insan- years. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 603–612.
Weinberger, D. R. (2005, May 14). Cited in B. Bower, ity. Scientific American Mind, 40−47.
DNA’s moody temperament. Science News, 167, Whitlock, G., Lewington, S., Sherliker, P., & Peto, R.
308–309. Wenner, M. (2008b, August/September). Ease anxi- (2009). Body-mass index and mortality—authors’
Weinberger, D. R., Goldberg, T. E., & Tamminga, ety, curb cravings. Scientific American Mind, 7. reply. The Lancet, 374, 114.
C. A. (1995). Prefrontal leukotomy. American
Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 330–331. Wenner, M. (2009, February/March). e suicidal Whittle, S., Yap, M. B. H., Yucel, M., Fornito, A.,
Weinberger, J., Seifert, C., & Siegal, P. (2008). What brain. Scientific American Mind, 10−11. Simmons, J. G., Barrett, A., Sheeber, L., & Allen,
you can’t see can help you: The effects sublimi- N. B. (2008). Prefrontal and amygdala volumes
nal exposure to spiders on approach behavior. Wenzlaff, R. M., & Luxton, D. D. (2003). e role of are related to adolescents’ affective behaviors dur-
Unpublished manuscript. thought suppression in depressive rumination. ing parent-adolescent interactions. Proceedings of
Weiner, B. (1991). Metaphors in motivation and attri- Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 293–308. the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 9.
bution. American Psychologist, 46, 921–930.
Weiner, B., & Graham, S. (1999). Attribution in per- Wenzlaff, R. M., & Wegner, D. M. (2000). ought WHO (World Health Organization). (2008, January
sonality psychology. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John suppression. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 20). Cited in Corbett, S., A cutting tradition. The
(Eds.), Handbook of personality (2nd ed.). New 59–91. New York Times.
York: Guilford Press.
Weiner, I. B., & Meyer, G. J. (2009). Personality Werle, M. A., Murphy, T. B., & Budd, K. S. (1993). WHO. (2009). Cited in A. R. Carey & J. Snider, Life
assessment with the Rorschach inkblot method. Treating chronic food refusal in young children: expectancies. USA Today, A1.
In J. N. Butcher (Ed.), Oxford handbook of person- Home-based parent training. Journal of Applied
ality assessment (pp. 277−298). New York: Oxford Behavior Analysis, 26, 421–433. Whorf, B. L. (1940). In J. B. Carroll (Ed.), Language,
University Press. thought, and reality: Selected writing of Benjamin
Werner, E. E. (1995). Resilience in development. Lee Whorf. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4,
81–85. Whorf, B. L. (1956). Language, thought, and reality.
New York: Wiley.

R E F E R E N C E S 681

Widiger, T. A., & Clark, L. A. (2000). Toward DSM-V Wilson, T. D., & Linville, P. W. (1982). Improving Wood, J. M., Garb, H. N., Lilienfeld, S. O., &
and the classification of psychopathology. the academic performance of college fresh- Nezworski, M. T. (2002). Clinical assessment.
Psychological Bulletin, 126, 946–963. men: Attribution therapy revisited. Journal of Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 519–543.
Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 367–376.
Wiech, K., Farias, M., Kahane, G., Shackel, N., Tiede, Wood, J. M., Nezworski, M. T., Garb, H. N., &
W., & Tracey, I. (2008). An fMRI study measuring Wiltenburg, M. (2003, August 7). Internet dating goes Lilienfeld, S. O. (2006, Spring). e contro-
analgesia enhanced by religion as a belief system. behind bars. The Christian Science Monitor, 15. versy over Exner’s comprehensive system for
Pain, 139, 467−476. the Rorschach: e critics speak. Independent
Wineberg, H., & Werth, J. L., Jr. (2003). Physician- Practitioner.
Wieloch, T., & Nikolich, K. (2006). Mechanism of assisted suicide in Oregon: What are the key fac-
neural plasticity following brain injury. Current tors? Death Studies, 27, 501–518. Wood, J. M., Nezworski, M. T., Lilienfeld, S. O.,
Opinion in Neurobiology, 16, 258−264. & Garb, H. N. (2003). What’s wrong with the
Winerman, L. (2005, October). e mind’s mirror. Rorschach? San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Wilcoxon, H. C., Dragoin, W. B., & Kral, P. A. Monitor on Psychology, 36, 48.
(1971). Illness-induced aversions in rat and quail: Wood, W., Christensen, P. N., Hebl, M. R., &
Relative salience of visual and gustatory cues. Winfrey, O. (2009, January). How did I let this hap- Rothgerber, H. (1997). Conformity to sex-typed
Science, 171, 826–828. pen again? O: The Oprah Magazine, 148−153. norms, affect and the self-concept. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 523–535.
Wilgoren, J. (2005, August 19). 10 life terms for B.T.K. Wing, R. (2005, October 17). Cited in N. Hellmich,
strangler as anguished families condemn him in Weight war can be never-ending. USA Today, D1. Wood, W., & Eagly, A. H. (2002). A cross-cultural
court. The New York Times, A13. analysis of the behavior of women and men:
Wingert, P., & Brant, M. (2005, August 15). Reading Implications for the origins of sex differences.
Wilkins, K. (2009, March 16). ere she is, strong and your baby’s mind. Newsweek, 32–39. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 699–727.
healthy: Miss America 2008 speaks out on eating
disorders. Detroit Free Press. Winner, E. (2000). e origins and ends of gi edness. Woodard, C. (2005, April 15). Did domestication make
American Psychologist, 55, 159–169. dogs smarter? The Chronicle of Higher Education.
Williams, B. K., & Knight, S. M. (1994). Healthy for
life. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Winograd, E., & Soloway, R. M. (1986). On forgetting Woodruff, B., Hennessey, J., & Hill, J. (2008, April
the locations of things stored in special places. 14). Herschel Walker: “Tell the world my truth.”
Williams, D. (1992). Nobody nowhere. New York: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115, ABC News.
Times Books. 366–372.
Woods, S. C., Schwartz, M. W., Baskin, D. G., &
Williams, D. (1994). Somebody somewhere. New York: Winters, K. C., Stinchfield, R. D., Opland, E., Weller, Seeley, R. J. (2000). Food intake and the regula-
Times Books. C., & Latimer, W. W. (2000). e effectiveness of tion of body weight. Annual Review of Psychology,
the Minnesota Model approach in the treatment of 51, 255–277.
Williams, D. (1999). Like colour to the blind: Soul adolescent drug abusers. Addiction, 95, 601–612.
searching and soul finding. London: Jessica Woodward, C. (2006, November 3). Amnesiac can’t
Kingsley. Wire Reports. (2007, December 20). More profession- return to his past to go into future. The San Diego
als, students using brain performance enhancing Union-Tribune, A4.
Williams, D. (2004). Everyday heaven: Journeys drugs. Dallas News [On-line]. Available: http://
beyond the stereotypes of autism. London: Jessica www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/ Wright, I. C., Rabe-Hesketh, S., Woodruff, P. W. R.,
Kingsley. nation/stories/122107dnnatbraindoping.3761a David, A. S., Murray, R. M., & Bullmore, E. T.
d89.html. (2000). Meta-analysis of regional brain volumes
Williams, D. (2009). Donna Williams [On-line]. in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry,
Available: http://www.donnawilliams.net. Wise, T. N., & Birket-Smith, M. (2002). e somato- 157, 16–25.
form disorders for DSM-V: e need for changes in
Williams, J. (2009). Treat arachnophobia with virtual process and content. Psychosomatics 43, 437–440. Wright, J. P., Dietrich, K. N., Ris, M. D., Hornung, R.
reality therapy. Associated Content. W., Wessel, S. D., Lanphear, B. P., Ho, M., & Rae,
Witelson, S. F., Beresh, H., & Kigar, D. L. (2006). M. N. (2008, May). Association of prenatal and
Williams, J. E., & Best, D. L. (1990). Measuring sex Intelligence and brain size in 100 postmortem childhood blood lead concentrations with criminal
stereotypes (Vol. 6, rev. ed.). Newbury Park, CA: brains: Sex, lateralization and age factors. Brain, arrests in early adulthood. PLoS Medicine, 5, e101.
Sage Publications. 129, 386–398.
Wright, K. (2002, September). Times of our lives.
Williams, L., O’Connor, R. C., Howard, S., Hughes, Witelson, S. F., Kigar, D. L., & Harvey, T. (1999). e Scientific American, 59–65.
B. M., Johnston, D. W., Hay, J. L., O’Connor, D. exceptional brain of Albert Einstein. Lancet, 353,
B., Lewis, C. A., Ferguson, E., Sheehy, N., Grealy, 2149–2153. Wright, K. (2003, November). Staying alive. Discover,
M. A., & O’Carroll, R. E. (2008). Type-D person- 64–70.
ality mechanisms of effect: e role of health- Witkin, G. (1995, November 13). A new drug gallops
related behavior and social support. Journal of through the West. U.S. News & World Report. WSHF (Women’s Sexual Health Foundation). (2008,
Psychosomatic Research, 64, 63−69. September 15/September 22). Cited in D. Kotz,
Witkin, G., arp, M., Schrof, J. M., Toch, T., & Sex, health & happiness. U.S. News & World
Williams, L. M., Grieve, S. M., Whitford, T. J., Clark, Scattarella, C. (1998, June 1). Again. U.S. News & Report, 50−53.
C. R., Gur, R. C., Goldberg, E., Flor-Henry, P., World Report, 16–18.
Peduto, A. S., & Gordon, E. (2005). Neural syn- Wyer, R. S., Jr. (2007). Principles of mental representa-
chrony and gray matter variation in human males Wittman, J. (1994, January 5). Nausea, euphoria alter- tion. In A. W. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins (Eds.),
and females: Integration of 40 Hz gamma syn- nate marks of chemotherapy. San Diego Union- Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles
chrony and MRI measures. Journal of Integrative Tribune. (2nd ed., pp. 285–307). New York: Guilford Press.
Neuroscience, 4, 77–93.
Wolf, T. H. (1973). Alfred Binet. Chicago: University Wynne, C. D. L. (2001). Animal cognition: The mental
Williams, M. A., & Gross, A. M. (1994). Behavior of Chicago Press. lives of animals. New York: Palgrave.
therapy. In V. B. Hasselt & M. Hersen (Eds.),
Advanced abnormal psychology. New York: Wolfe, M. S. (2006, May). Shutting down Alzheimer’s. Wysocki, C. J., Louie, J., Leyden, J. J., Blank, D., Gill,
Plenum Press. Scientific American, 73−79. M., Smith, L., McDermott, K., & Preti, G. (2009,
April). Cross-adaptation of a model human
Williams, M. A., & Mattingley, J. B. (2006, June 6). Do Wolfing, K., Flor, H., & Grusser, S. M. (2008). stress-related odour with fragrance chemicals and
angry men get noticed? Current Biology, 16, R402. Psychophysiological responses to drug-associated ethyl esters of axillary odorants: Gender-specific
stimuli in chronic heavy cannabis use. European effects. Flavour and Fragrance Journal.
Williams, W. (2009, April 20). Cited in S. Begley, Sex, Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 976−983.
race, and IQ: Off limits? Newsweek, 53. Yamagata, S., Suzuki, A., Ando, J., Ono, Y., Kijima,
Wolpe, J. (1958). Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibi- N., Yoshimura, K., Ostendorf, F., Angleitner,
Williamson, E. (2005, February 1). Brain immaturity tion. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. A., Riemann, R., Spinath, F. M., Livesley, W. J.,
could explain teen crash rate. Washington Post. & Jang, K. L. (2006). Is the genetic structure of
Wolpe, J. (1990). The practice of behavior therapy (4th human personality universal? A cross-cultural
Wilson, G. T. (2005). Behavior therapy. In R. J. ed.). London: Pergamon Press. twin study from North America, Europe, and
Corsini & D. Wedding, Current psychotherapies Asia. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
(7th ed., pp. 202–237). Belmont, CA: Brooks/ Wolpe, J., & Lazarus, A. A. (1966). Behavior therapy 90, 987−998.
Cole– omson Learning. techniques. London: Pergamon Press.
Yamashita, I. (1993). Taijin-kyofu or delusional social
Wilson, G. T., Fairburn, C. C., Agras, W. S., Walsh, Wolters, C. A. (2003). Understanding procrastina- phobia. Sapporo, Japan: Hokkaido University
B. T., & Kramer, H. (2002). Cognitive-behavioral tion from a self-regulated learning perspective. Press.
therapy for bulimia nervosa: Time course and Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 179–187.
mechanisms of change. Journal of Consulting and Yang, Y., Raine, A., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., Lacasse, L.,
Clinical Psychology, 20, 267–274. Wong, A. M., Hodges, H., & Horsburg, K. (2005). & Colletti, P. (2005a). Prefrontal white matter in
Neural stem cell gra s reduce the extent of neu- pathological liars. British Journal of Psychiatry,
Wilson, S. R., Levine, K. J., Cruz, M. G., & Rao, N. ronal damage in a mouse model of global ischae- 187, 320–325.
(1997). Attribution complexity and actor-observer mia. Brain Research, 1063, 140–150.
bias. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality,
12, 709–726. Wong, P. T. P. (2006). Existential and humanistic
theories. In J. C. omas & D. L. Segal (Eds.),
682 R E F E R E N C E S Comprehensive handbook of personality and psy-
chopathology. New York: Wiley.

Yang, Y., Raine, A., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., LaCasse, L., Yule, W., & Fernando, P. (1980). Blood phobia: Zigler, E., & Styfco, S. J. (1994). Head start: Criticisms
& Colletti, P. (2005b). Volume reduction in pre- Beware. Behavior Research and Therapy, 18, in a constructive context. American Psychologist,
frontal gray matter in unsuccessful criminal psy- 587–590. 49, 127–132.
chopaths. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1103–1108.
Yurgelun-Todd, D. (1999, August 9). Cited in S. Zigler, E., & Styfco, S. J. (2001). Extended child-
Yanoff, M., Duker, J. S., & Augsburger, J. J. (Eds.). Brownlee, Inside the teen brain. U.S. News & hood intervention prepares children for school
(2003). Ophthalmology (2nd ed.). St. Louis, MO: World Report, 44–45. and beyond. Journal of the American Medical
Elsevier Health Sciences. Association, 285, 2378–2380.
Zack, J., Kraus, R., & Stricker, G. (2004). Online coun-
Ybarra, M. J. (1991, September 13). e psychic and seling: A handbook for mental health professionals. Zillmer, E. A., Spiers, M. V., & Culbertson, W. C.
the skeptic. Los Angeles Times. San Diego, CA: Elsevier. (2008). Principles of neuropsychology (2nd ed.).
Belmont, CA: omson Wadsworth.
Yehuda, R. (2000, August 2). Cited in E. Goode, Zadra, A., Desjardins, S., & Marcotte, E. (2006).
Childhood abuse and adult stress. The New York Evolutionary function of dreams: A test of the Zimbardo, P. G. (1970). e human choice:
Times, A14. threat simulation theory in recurrent dreams. Individuation, reason and order versus deindi-
Consciousness and Cognition, 15, 450−463. viduation, impulse and chaos. In W. J. Arnold &
Yerkes, R. M. (1921). Psychological examining in the D. Levine (Eds.), Nebraska symposium on motiva-
United States Army (Memoir No. 15). Washington, Zajonc, R. B. (1984). On the primacy of affect. tion. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
DC: National Academy of Sciences. American Psychologist, 39, 117–123.
Zimmer, C. (2009, February 23). Evolving Darwin.
Yoffe, E. (1997, October). How quickly we forget. U.S. Zakaria, F. (2003, August 25). Suicide bombers can Time, 50−52.
News & World Report. be stopped. Newsweek, 57.
Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Self-efficacy: An essen-
Yoo, S., Gujar, N., Hu, P., Jolesz, F. A., & Walker, M. P. Zaragoza, M. S., & Lane, S. M. (1994). Source tial motive to learn. Contemporary Educational
(2007). e human emotional brain without sleep— misattributions and the suggestibility of Psychology, 25, 82–91.
A prefrontal amygdala disconnect. Current Biology, eyewitness memory. Journal of Experimental
17, 877−878. Psychology: Learning Memory, and Cognition, Zimmerman, M. A., Copeland, L. A., Shope, J. T., &
20, 934–935. Gielman, T. E. (1997). A longitudinal study of self-
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2006). esteem: Implications for adolescent development.
Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. New York: Zeidner, M., & Matthews, G. (2005). Evaluation Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26, 117–141.
Guilford Press. anxiety. In A. J. Elliot & C. S. Dweck (Eds.),
Handbook of competence and motivation Zola, S. M., & Squire, L. R. (2005). e medial tempo-
Young, M. W. (2000, March). e tick-tock of the bio- (pp. 141–163). New York: Guilford Press. ral lobe and the hippocampus. In E. Tulving & F.
logical clock. Scientific American, 64–71. M. Craik (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of memory.
Zeineh, M. M., Engel, S. A., ompson, P. M., & New York: Oxford University Press.
Youngentob, S. L., Kent, P. F., Sheehe, P. R., Molina, Bookheimer, S. Y. (2003). Dynamics of the hip-
J. C., Spear, N. E., & Youngentob, L. M. (2007a). pocampus during encoding and retrieval of face- Zubieta, J., Bueller, J. A., Jackson, L. R., Scott, D. J.,
Experience-induced fetal plasticity: e effect name pairs. Science, 299, 577–580. Xu, Y., Koeppe, R. A., Nichols, T. E., & Stohler, C.
of gestational ethanol exposure on the behav- S. (2005). Placebo effects mediated by endogenous
ioral and neurophysiologic olfactory response Zener, K. (1937). e significance of behavior accom- opioid activity on u-opioid receptors. The Journal
to ethanol odor in early postnatal and adult rats. panying conditioned salivary secretion for of Neuroscience, 25, 7754–7762.
Behavioral Neuroscience, 121, 1293−1305. theories of the conditioned response. American
Journal of Psychology, 50, 384–403. Zubieta, J. K. (2007, Summer). Cited in CAM (Center
Youngentob, S. L., Molina, J. C., Spear, N. E., & for Complementary and Alternative Medicine),
Youngentob, L. M. (2007b). e effect of ges- Zernike, K. (2006, April 19). Study fuels a growing Placebos: Sugar, shams, therapies, or all of the
tational ethanol exposure on voluntary etha- debate over changing police lineups. The New above. CAM at the NIH: Focus on Complementary
nol intake in early postnatal and adult rats. York Times, A1, A17. and Alternative Medicine, 14.
Behavioral Neuroscience, 121, 1306−1315.
Zigler, E. (1995, January). Cited in B. Azar, DNA- Zucker, K. J. (1990). Gender identity disorders in chil-
Yuen, M. F., Tam, S., Fung, J., Wong, D. K. H., Wong, environment mix forms intellectual fate. APA dren: Clinical descriptions and natural history.
C. Y., & Lai, C. L. (2006). Traditional Chinese Monitor. In R. Blanchard & B. W. Steiner (Eds.), Clinical
medicine causing hepatotoxicity in patients with management of gender identity disorders in chil-
chronic hepatitis B infection: a 1-year prospective Zigler, E., & Seitz, V. (1982). Social policy and intel- dren and adults. Washington, DC: American
study. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, ligence. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of Psychiatric Press.
24, 1179−1186. human intelligence. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press.

R E F E R E N C E S 683

Photo Credits

These pages constitute an extension of the left, © Digital Vision/Getty Images 19: bottom 59: top, Adalberto Rios Szal Sol/PhotoDisc 59:
copyright page. We have made every effort to right, © Andersen Ross/Getty Images 20: © center, © Borys Malkin/Anthro-Photo 59: bot-
trace the ownership of all copyrighted mate- Hangarter/Photolibrary 21: left, © Gary Conner/ tom, © G.I. Bernard/Animals, Animals/Earth
rial and to secure permission from copyright Photolibrary 21: right, © Asia Images Group/ Sciences 60: © AP Images/Charles Sykes 62: top
holders. In the event of any question arising as Getty Images 22: top left, Courtesy of Chris right, © Taro Yamasaki 63: top right, © Getty
to the use of any material, we will be pleased to Samuel, by permission of Chris Samuel 22: bot- Images
make the necessary corrections in future print- tom right, Courtesy, Margaret Clapp Library Module 4
ings. Thanks are due to the following authors, Archives, Wellesley College, photo by Patridge 66: © Arthur Toga/UCLA/Photo Researchers,
publishers, and agents for permission to use the 23: right, © Hangarter/Photolibrary 23: bot- Inc. 67: © Royalty-Free/Masterfile 69: top right,
material indicated. tom left, © Tom Barrick, Chris Clark, SGHMS/ © Digital Vision/Alamy 70: left, © Digital Stock
Front Matter Photo Researchers, Inc. 24: Courtesy of Temple Corporation 70: right, Graphic data courtesy
ix: top right, © George Frey xxiii: © Anatomical Grandin, Ph.D. of Dr. Ahmad Hariri 71: top, Courtesy of Dr.
Travelogue/Photo Researchers, Inc. xxiv: top Module 2 Marcus Raichle, University of Washington 71:
right, Wadsworth Publishing xxv: (#1) © AP 26: © Firefly Productions/Corbis 27, 28: bottom, Courtesy of Rebecca Schwarzlose,
Images/Kalahari Photo/Jamie-Andrea Yanak Reprinted with permission by New Harbinger MIT 72: bottom left, © Michael Dunning/
xxv: (#5) © Photo24/Brand X Pictures/Getty Publications, Inc., ADHD & Me by Blake E. S. Getty Images 72: bottom right, © Photosindia/
Images xxv: (#7) © Digital Stock Corporation Taylor 29: left, © Jutta Klee/Getty Images 29: Getty Images 73: top right and 74: top left,
xxv: (#8) © Stephen Smith/Getty Images xxv: center, © Blend Images/SuperStock 29: right, © Wadsworth Publishing 74: top right, © Patrick
(#10) © Ian McKinnell/Getty Images xxv: Image Source/Getty Images 30: Reprinted with Farrell/Miami Herald photo 75: left, From: H
(#11) © Kevin Peterson/Getty Images xxvi: permission by New Harbinger Publications, Damasio, T Grabowski, R Frank, AM Galaburda,
top, © AFP/Getty Images xxvi: center, © Inc., ADHD & Me by Blake E. S. Taylor 31: top, AR Damasio, The return of Phineas Gage: Clues
Michael Hitoshi/Getty Images xxvi: bottom, © © Andy Ryan/Getty Images 31: bottom left, © about the brain from a famous patient. Science,
AP Images/Amir Nabil xxvii: top, © Edouard DLILLC/Corbis 31: bottom center, © Photodisc/ 264:1102–1105, 1994. Copyright © 1994 by the
Berne/Getty Images xxvii: bottom left, © Radius Getty Images 32: top, © Jose Azel/Aurora American Association for the Advancement
Images/Photolibrary xxvii: bottom right, © Quanta Productions 33: top left, © Stockbyte/ in Science. Reprinted with permission of
SW Productions/Getty Images xxviii: © AP SuperStock 33: top right, © Digital Vision/Getty author and publisher. 76: bottom, Courtesy
Images/Charles Sykes xxix: top left, © Arman Images 33: bottom right, © Brand X/SuperStock of J.A. Fiez, Dept. of Neurology, Washington
Zhenikeyev/Alamy xxix: bottom right, © Walter 34: bottom left, © Jay Calderon, The Desert Sun University School of Medicine 80: top right,
Bibikow/Getty Images xxx: © Ryan McGinnis/ 34: bottom right, © Masterfile/Royalty Free 35: © Ron Dahlquist/Getty Images 80: bottom,
Alamy xxxiv: © Alfred Pasika/SPL/Photo © Ole Graf/zefa/Corbis 38: top left, Reprinted © Ben Welsh Premium/Alamy 81: bottom, ©
Researchers, Inc. with permission by New Harbinger Publications, Michael Dunning/Getty Images 81: top right,
Module 1 Inc., ADHD & Me by Blake E. S. Taylor 38: cen- © Photosindia/Getty Images 83: left, © Digital
2: © David Spurdens/Corbis 4: Courtesy of ter, © DLILLC/Corbis 39: top, © Ole Graf/zefa/ Stock Corporation 83: center, © Photosindia/
Chris Samuel, by permission of Chris Samuel Corbis 39: bottom, © Peter Titmuss/Alamy 40: Getty Images 85: © PhotoDisc, Inc. 89: top left,
5: Jacket cover from Somebody Somewhere by center, © Craig McClain 40: bottom, © Jack © Ron Dahlquist/Getty Images
Donna Williams. Used by permission of Times Hollingsworth/Getty Images 41: top and bot- Module 5
Books, a division of Random House, Inc. 7: © tom, Courtesy of the Foundation for Biomedical 92: © Royalty-Free/Corbis 93: bottom center,
Dana Fineman/Vistalux 10: center, Jacket cover Research 42: top left, Reprinted with permission © Royalty-Free/Masterfile 94: center left, ©
from Somebody Somewhere by Donna Williams. by New Harbinger Publications, Inc., ADHD & Purestock/Getty Images 98: center, © Digital
Used by permission of Times Books, a divi- Me by Blake E. S. Taylor 42: center left, © Blend Stock Corporation 99: top and center right,
sion of Random House, Inc. 13: right, © Image Images/SuperStock 42: bottom left, © DLILLC/ © Robert Harding/Masterfile 99: bottom,
Source Black/Alamy 13: left, © Tony Freeman/ Corbis 43: (#13) © Peter Titmuss/Alamy 43: Ishihara Tests for Colour Blindness, Courtesy
PhotoEdit 14: top, Courtesy, Margaret Clapp (#14) © Craig McClain 44: © Image Source/ of Graham-Field, Inc. 100: top left, © Stephen
Library Archives, Wellesley College, photo by Getty Images Smith/Getty Images 100: bottom left, © Polka
Patridge 14: bottom left and right, Archives of Module 3 Dot Images/Jupiterimages 104: bottom left, ©
the History of American Psychology, University 46: © Anatomical Travelogue/Photo Tetra Images/SuperStock 104: bottom right, ©
of Akron 15: (#1) Courtesy of Chris Samuel, by Researchers, Inc. 47, 48: top, © Jeffrey Polka Dot Images/Jupiterimages 105: top left,
permission of Chris Samuel 15: (#3) © Dana MacMillan/U.S. News & World Report 48: © Michael Dunning/Getty Images 105: bot-
Fineman/Vistalux 15: (#6) Jacket cover from top right, Wadsworth Publishing 49: right, tom left, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 106: © Creatas/
Somebody Somewhere by Donna Williams. Used Courtesy of Center on Aging and Department SuperStock 106: center left, © Stockbyte/Getty
by permission of Times Books, a division of of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Images 107: bottom, © Photodisc/Getty Images
Random House, Inc. 15: (#10) © Tony Freeman/ University of California, Los Angeles 50: © 108: top, © Royalty-Free/Alamy 109: (#7) ©
PhotoEdit 15: (# 11) © Image Source Black/ Alfred Pasika/SPL/Photo Researchers, Inc. 51: Michael Dunning/Getty Images 110: top, ©
Alamy 18: top right, © Andy Sacks/Getty Images top right, © CHU Amiens/Getty Images 51: Gustavo Andrade/Photolibrary 110: bottom
18: top left, © Zigy Kaluzny/Getty Images 18: top left, © Taro Yamasaki 51: bottom right, © left, © Malcolm S. Kirk 110: bottom right, ©
bottom right, © Frans Lanting/Corbis 18: bot- AP Images/Jennifer Graylock 55: top right, Danielle Pellegrini/Photo Researchers, Inc.
tom left, © Oleksiy Maksymenko/Alamy 19: Courtesy of Miles Herkenham, PhD, Section of 110: bottom center, © Guy Mary-Rousseliere
top left, © Tom Barrick, Chris Clark, SGHMS/ Functional Neuroanatomy, NIMH 55: bottom 112: Digital Stock Corporation 113: left, © AP
Photo Researchers, Inc. 19: top right, © Odilon right, Courtesy of Johns Hopkins University, Images/Aaron Harris 113: right, © PhotoDisc,
Dimier/PhotoAlto/Getty Images 19: bottom Office of Public Affairs 58: top, © Getty Images Inc. 113: bottom, © Royalty-Free/Masterfile

684 P H O T O C R E D I T S

114: © AP Images/Stephen Chernin 115: © Photo Researchers, Inc. 151: left, © Philip Module 9
James M. Kubus, Greensburg, PA 117: (#17) © Rostron/Masterfile 153: top, © Stockbyte/Getty 194: © Steven Hunt/Getty Images 195: © Digital
Danielle Pellegrini/Photo Researchers, Inc. 118: Images 153: bottom, © Digital Vision Ltd./ Stock Corporation 196: © Craig McClain
© 2005 Eric Larson/Light of Day, Inc. SuperStock 155: left, © Digital Vision Ltd./ 200: bottom right, Courtesy of Professor
Module 6 SuperStock 155: right, © John Foxx/Getty Stuart Ellins, California State University, San
120: © AP Images/Miguel Villagran 121: top Images 158: (#1) © Michael S. Yamashita/ Bernardino, CA. 200: top right, PhotoDisc, Inc.
right, © Howard Sochurek/Corbis 121: bot- Corbis 159: © DigitalStock Corporation 160: 201: center left and bottom right, © AP Images/
tom left, © image100/SuperStock 122: © © AP Images/Peter Dejong 161: bottom, © Las Cruses Sun-News/Norm Dettlaff 201: bot-
Howard Sochurek/Corbis 123: left, © Arman Andrew Paterson/Alamy 161: right, © Mark tom left, © Christian Abraham 201: top left,
Zhenikeyev/Alamy 123: bottom, © Pat Bruno/ Newman/Photo Researchers, Inc. 162: left, © © Photographers Choice RF/SuperStock 201:
Positive Images 124: bottom, Custom Medical Rob Bartee/SuperStock 162: center, © Laurence top right, © Michael Stuckey/Comstock 202:
Stock Photo 126: Painting by Richard Haas, Monneret/Getty Images 163: bottom left, © © PhotoDisc, Inc. 204: (rabbit) © PhotoDisc,
photo © Bill Horsman 127: top, Painting by Phillippe Garo/Photo Researchers, Inc. 163: Inc. 204: (rat) © PhotoDisc, Inc. 205: ©
Richard Haas, photo © Bill Horsman 128: center, © Louie Psihoyos/Science Faction/ Royalty-Free/Corbis 206, 207: © Digital Stock
© Pat Bruno/Positive Images 129: center, © Corbis 163: right, © Dan McCoy/Rainbow 164: Corporation 209: (rat) © PhotoDisc, Inc.
RubberBall/SuperStock 130: top left, © Walter top left, © Michael S. Yamashita/Corbis 165: Module 10
Bibikow/Getty Images 130: right, © Digital (#17) © Rob Bartee/SuperStock 166: © Ryan 212: Joel Sartore/National Geographic Stock
Stock Corporation 130: bottom left, © Digital McGinnis/Alamy 213: left, © George Frey 213: right, © Evan
Vision/Alamy 131: top left, © Stephen Firsch/ Module 8 Agostini/Getty Images 214: (rat) © PhotoDisc,
Stock, Boston 131: top right, © Henry/Gamma 168: © John Lamb/Getty Images 169: © Craig Inc. 216: top, © Monkey Business Images Ltd./
Press 131: bottom left, © Photodisc/SuperStock McClain 170: top, © Ingram Publishing/ Photolibrary 216: left, © Peter Southwick/Stock,
131: bottom right, © Robert Holmes/Corbis SuperStock 170: right, © Will & Deni McIntyre/ Boston 217: top, © George Frey 217: bottom, ©
132: left, © Robert P. Comport/Animals, Photo Researchers, Inc. 171: top, © Will & Deni George Frey 218: © Corbis/SuperStock 219: top
Animals/Earth Sciences 132: right, © John Elk/ McIntyre/Photo Researchers, Inc. 171: bottom, right, © Ron Nickel/Photolibrary 219: left, ©
Stock, Boston 133: top left, © Baron Wolman/ © Craig McClain 172: left, © Photodisc/Getty Simon Belcher/Alamy 220: © 1971 Time, Inc./
Woodfin Camp & Associates 133: center right, Images 172: top and center right, © Royalty- Getty Images. Reprinted by permission. 221:
Craig McClain 134: (#3) Custom Medical Stock free/Masterfile 173: Courtesy, Rainbow Babies (Fixed-ratio) © Andy Sacks/SaxPix 221: (Fixed-
Photo 134: (#4) Painting by Richard Haas, and Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals of interval) © Warren Bolster/Getty Images 221:
photo © Bill Horsman 134: (#13) © Photodisc/ Cleveland, Dr. Howard Hall. Photo © Joe Glick (Variable-ratio) © Michael P. Gadomski/Photo
SuperStock 135: center right, © Peter Glass/ 174: © James Porto 177: top, © DIOMEDIA/ Researchers, Inc. 221: (Variable-Interval) ©
Alamy 135: top right, PhotoDisc, Inc. 136: Alamy 178: top left, Craig McClain 179: bot- SuperStock 221: top right, © AP Images/Brien
top, © Ric Ergenbright/Corbis 136: center, tom, © Dr. Jeremy Burgess/Photo Researchers, Aho/US Navy 222: top and bottom center, ©
Courtesy of Roberto Caldara 136: bottom, By Inc. 180: top, © Robert Pickett/Corbis 180: George Frey 222: left, © Stephen Kraseman/
courtesy of Takahiko Masuda and Dr. Richard center left, © Michael and Patricia Fogden/ DRK Photo 223: (rat) © PhotoDisc, Inc. 223:
Nisbett, University of Michigan 137: center, © Corbis 180: bottom center, © Joy Spurr/Bruce top, © Evan Agostini/Getty Images 224: (bobo
Digital Stock Corporation 137: right, © Peter Coleman Inc. 180: bottom left, © Andy Small/ doll) © Craig McClain 225: center left, ©
Beavis/The Image Bank/Getty Images 138: Corbis 181: top, © David Muench/Corbis 181: Minden Pictures/Masterfile 225: center right, ©
bottom, © Jeffery Allan Salter/Corbis 139: top top left, © Joseph Sohm/Visions of America, Marili Forastieri/Getty Images 225: bottom left,
right, © Corel Gallery 140: top right, © Gianni LLC/Alamy 181: center and bottom left, © Scott © Jon Lowenstein/Aurora Photos 226: (gun) ©
Dagli Orti/Corbis 140: center, © PhotoDisc, Houston/Corbis Sygma 182: top, Courtesy, PhotoDisc, Inc. 226: (water glass) © PhotoDisc,
Inc. 140: bottom, © Globus Brothers 141: top Joseph E. Seagram’s and Sons, Inc. 182: right, Inc. 227: (#6) © Simon Belcher/Alamy 227: (#8)
right, Ames Research Center/NASA, photo by © Craig McClain 183: top, © JupiterImages/ © Stephen Kraseman/DRK Photo 227: (#11) ©
Walt Sisler 141: left, 2000 Computer Motion Comstock Images/Alamy 183: bottom, © Craig McClain 227: (#12) © Jon Lowenstein/
Photograph by Bobbi Bennett altered by John Andrew Lichtenstein/Corbis Sygma 184: (#1) © Aurora Photos 228: top, © Mitsuaki Iwago/
MacNeill. Reprinted with permission from John Will & Deni McIntyre/Photo Researchers, Inc. Minden Pictures 228: left, © PhotoDisc, Inc.
MacNeill. 141: top center, © David Livingston/ 184: (#2) © Craig McClain 184: (#4) © James 228: right, © Zoological Society of San Diego
Getty Images 141: bottom center, © Robert Porto 184: (#6), © DIOMEDIA/Alamy 184: 229: left, © David Osborn/Alamy 229: right, ©
Zuckerman/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images (#7) © Robert Pickett/Corbis 184: (#8) © Scott Kennan Ward Photography/Corbis 230: top,
142: top left, © Arman Zhenikeyev/Alamy 142: Houston/Corbis Sygma 184: (#9) © Dr. Jeremy © Edouard Berne/Getty Images 230: bottom
bottom, © Walter Bibikow/Getty Images 143: Burgess/Photo Researchers, Inc. 184: (#11) © left, © Radius Images/Photolibrary 230: bot-
(#14) Ames Research Center/NASA, photo by Craig McClain 185: top, © Gabe Palmer/Alamy tom right, © SW Productions/Getty Images
Walt Sisler 185: left, © Richard Kalvar/Magnum Photos 231: top and right, © Hiroji Kubota/Magnum
Module 7 186: top, © Rachel Whenman/Alamy 186: left, Photos 233: top, © Will & Deni McIntyre/
146: © Louie Psihoyos/Science Faction/Cor- © RayArt Graphics/Alamy 187: Courtesy of Photo Researchers, Inc. 233: bottom right,
bis 147: left, © Murrae Haynes 147: right, © D.A.R.E. America 188: left, © Pat Bruno/Positive © Radius Images/Photolibrary 234: (#8) ©
Stockbyte/Getty Images 148: left, © Michael S. Images 188: right, © Zigy Kaluzny/Getty Images Simon Belcher/Alamy 234: (#11) © Michael P.
Yamashita/Corbis 148: center left, © Photos- 189: © Gabe Palmer/Alamy 190: (#1), © Will Gadomski/Photo Researchers, Inc. 234: (#13)
India/Getty Images 148: center right, © Image & Deni McIntyre/Photo Researchers, Inc. 190: © Stephen Kraseman/DRK Photo 235: (#14)
Source/Jupiterimages 148: right, © David (#8) © DIOMEDIA/Alamy 190: (#13) © Dr. © Jon Lowenstein/Aurora Photos 235: (#19)
Harry Stewart 149: left, © Haig Kouyoumdjian Jeremy Burgess/Photo Researchers, Inc. 190: © Zoological Society of San Diego 235: (#22)
149: center, © Cesar Paredes 149: right, © Tim (#14) © Robert Pickett/Corbis 191: (#15) © © SW Productions/Getty Images 235: (#23)
Shaffer/Reuters/Corbis 150: top left, © Murrae JupiterImages/Comstock Images/Alamy 191: © Hiroji Kubota/Magnum Photos 236: © AP
Haynes 150: bottom right, © Burger/Phanie/ (#19) © RayArt Graphics/Alamy 191: (#20) Images/Amy Sancetta
Courtesy of D.A.R.E. America
P H O T O C R E D I T S 685

Module 11 Savant 289: bottom left, © AP Images/Anne courtesy of Takahiko Masuda and Dr. Richard
238: © Bazuki Muhammad/Reuters/Corbis Ryan 289: top left, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 289: top Nisbett, University of Michigan 321: center,
239: © Colin McPherson/Corbis 240: left, © right, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 291: center, © Natalie From Shaywitz, et al.,1995,“Sex differences in
Photodisc/Getty Images 240: right, © Royalty- Behring-Chisholm/Getty Images 291: right, the functional organization of the brain for lan-
Free/Masterfile 241: (eyes) © PhotoDisc, Inc. © PhotoDisc, Inc. 292: top, Photo by Brigitte guage,” Nature, 373, 607-609. Courtesy of NMR
242: (prefrontal cortex) From “A Head for Lacombe, courtesy of Cerritos Center for the Research/Yale Medical School 321: bottom, © Ted
Figures,” by Brian Butterworth, Science, 284, Performing Arts, California 292: center, © Gibson 322: top, © Rod Plotnik 322: center and
p. 928. By permission of B. Butterworth. 243: © Myrleen Ferguson/PhotoEdit 293: top, © John- bottom, © 1989 Ed Kashi 323: top, © Ron Cohn/
Colin McPherson/Corbis 244: left, © Photodisc/ Francis Bourke/Corbis 293: bottom left and koko.org/The Gorilla Foundation 323: center,
Getty Images 244: bottom, © PhotoDisc, Inc. right, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 294: (#1) © Anthony Courtesy of Language Research Center, Georgia
245: (bear) © PhotoDisc, Inc. 245: (frog) © Barboza 294: (#2) © Anthony Barboza 294: State University, Dr. Duane Rumbaugh, © 1991
PhotoDisc, Inc. 245: (owl) © PhotoDisc, Inc. (#3) © Anthony Barboza 294: (#4) © Anthony Public Sphere 323: bottom, © Michael Nichols/
246: left, © Digital Stock Corporation 246: right, Barboza 295: (#1) © WireImage/Getty Images Magnum Photos 324: (#1) © Haig Kouyoumdjian
© PhotoDisc, Inc. 247: © AP Images/Kevork 295: (#2) Courtesy IMG Artists, photo by Bill 324: (#3) © Craig McClain 324: (#7) © Victor
Djansezian 252: (#1) © Royalty-Free/Masterfile Phelps 295: (#3, #4) © PhotoDisc, Inc. 296: Lerena/epa/Corbis 325: (#11) © Jeremy Horner/
252: (#5) © Colin McPherson/Corbis 252: (#7) © © UPI/Bettmann/Corbis 297: top, Adapted Corbis 325: (#17) Shaywitz, et al., 1995, Courtesy
PhotoDisc, Inc. 252: (#13) © AP Images/Kevork from S.F. Witelson, D. L. Kigar, & T. Harvey, of NMR Research/Yale Medical School 325: (#19)
Djansezian 253: © Ulrich Doering/Alamy 254: Fig. 2, The Lancet, 353, 1999, with permission © Michael Nichols/Magnum Photos 326: © Scott
top, © Doug Levere 254: center, © Dan Tuffs/ of the authors. 297: bottom, Lateral prefron- J. Ferrell/Congressional Quarterly/Alamy
Getty Images 254: bottom, © moodboard/ tal cortex: From “A Head for Figures,” by Brian Module 15
SuperStock 256: (#1) © Royalty-Free/Masterfile Butterworth, Science, 284, p. 928. By permis- 328: © Hans Neleman/Corbis 329: left, © Didrik
256: (#5) © PhotoDisc, Inc. 257: (#13) © AP sion of B. Butterworth. 298: top, 1991 © Ira Johnck/Corbis 329: right, © San Diego Union-
Images/Kevork Djansezian 257: (#18) © Ulrich Block 298: bottom, © Photodisc/Getty Images Tribune/ZUMA Press 330: left, © John Dominis/
Doering/Alamy 258: © Paul Anton/Corbis 299: top, © Jacques Chenet/Woodfin Camp & Time Life Pictures/Getty Images 330: right, ©
Module 12 Associates 299: inset, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 300: Michael Melford 331: left, © Richard Sjoberg
260: © AP Images/Image Source 263: bottom, (#1) © WireImage/Getty Images 301: (#12) 331: right, © Jupiterimages/Comstock Images/
© Digital Stock Corporation 264: top, © Laura © Natalie Behring-Chisholm/Getty Images Alamy 332: left, © Time & Life Pictures/Getty
Dwight 264: bottom left and right, © PhotoDisc, 301: (#14) © UPI/Bettmann/Corbis 301: (#15) Images 332: center and right, © PhotoDisc, Inc.
Inc. 267: © Topham/OB/The Image Works 268: Adapted from S.F. Witelson, D. L. Kigar, & T. 334: top, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 334: center, © Les
(#1) © Photodisc/Getty Images 268: (#2) © Harvey, Fig. 2, The Lancet, 353, 1999, with per- Stone/Corbis Sygma 334: bottom, © Ross Durant
Glow Images/SuperStock 269: © Nancy Honey/ mission of the authors. 301: (#16) © Photodisc/ Photography/Getty Images 335: © Kim Newton/
Getty Images 270: (face) PhotoDisc, Inc. 272: Getty Images 302: © Mark Peterson/Corbis Woodfin Camp & Associates 336: top, © Cohen/
top, © Tad Janocinski 272: center, © PhotoDisc, Module 14 Ostrow/Getty Images 336: bottom, Courtesy of
Inc. 273: © Peter M. Corr/Alamy 274: top, © 304: © Kjell Sandved/Photolibrary 305: center Jeffrey M. Friedman, Rockefeller University 337:
AP Images/HO/Burlington Police Dept. 274: left, © Charles Allen 305: top right, © Al Bello/ top, © Royalty Free/Masterfile 337: center, ©
bottom left and right, © UPI/Corbis Bettmann Getty Images 305: bottom right, © Chad Baker/ Guang Nu/Reuters Newmedia, Inc./Corbis 337:
276: (#5) © PhotoDisc, Inc. 277: (#22) © Tad Thomas Northcut/Getty Images 306: (#1) © left, © Illustration Works/Corbis 338: © George
Janocinski 277: (#23) © Peter M. Corr/Alamy PhotoDisc, Inc. 306: (#2, #3) © PhotoDisc, Inc. B. Shaller/Bruce Coleman, Inc. 340: center, ©
277: (#24) © UPI/Corbis Bettmann 306: (#4) © Animals/Animals 306: all left, © Fancy Collection/SuperStock 340: bottom, ©
Module 13 PhotoDisc, Inc. 307: top left, and all center, George Simian/Corbis 341: top left and right,
280: © John Lund/Corbis 281: (A) © Stephen © PhotoDisc, Inc. 307: bottom right, © Haig © PhotoDisc, Inc. 341: bottom, © Left Lane
Ellison/Corbis 281: (B) © AP Images/Luis Kouyoumdjian 308: top, © Richard Pohle/Sipa Productions/Corbis 342: Royalty-Free 343: top,
Martinez 281: (C) © AP Images/Cheryl Hatch Press 308: bottom, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 309: top © Red Morgan/Time Magazine/Silver Image
281: (D) © WireImage/Getty Images 281: (E) center, © Craig McClain 310: left and right, © 343: right, © Nick Cardillicchio/Photolibrary
Courtesy IMG Artists, photo by Bill Phelps 282: Getty Images 311: © Victor Lerena/epa/Corbis 345: © S. Wanke/PhotoDisc, Inc. 346: top, Los
(#1) © Stephen Ellison/Corbis 282: (#2) © AP 312: top, © Corbis/SuperStock 314: top, From Angeles Times, photo by Gina Ferazzi 346: bot-
Images/Luis Martinez 282: (#3) © AP Images/ Conel, J. L. 1939, 1941, 1959, The Postnatal tom, © Mariella Furrer 347: (#1) © Michael
Cheryl Hatch 282: (#4) © WireImage/Getty Development of the Human Cerebral Cortex, Melford 347: (#4) © Jupiterimages/Comstock
Images 282: (#5) Courtesy IMG Artists, photo 6 Volumes, Cambridge: Harvard 314: left, © Images/Alamy 347: (#14) © Nick Cardillicchio/
by Bill Phelps 282: right, © WireImage/Getty Romilly Lockyer 314: right, © Royalty-Free/ Photolibrary 347: (#15) © S. Wanke/PhotoDisc,
Images 283: left, © AP Images/Luis Martinez Masterfile 315: (#1) © Romilly Lockyer 315: (#2) Inc. 348: top, © San Diego Union-Tribune/ZUMA
283: center, Courtesy IMG Artists, photo by © Royalty-Free/Masterfile 315: (#3) © Laura Press 348: right, © Julian Abram Wainwright/
Bill Phelps 283: top right, © PhotoDisc, Inc. Dwight 315: right (#4) © Frank Bates 315: top Corbis 350: top, Courtesy of Intel Corporation
283: bottom and center right, © PhotoDisc, Inc. left, © Laura Dwight 315: top right, © Frank Bates 350: bottom left and right, © PhotoDisc, Inc.
285: left and center, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 286: left, 316: top, © Jeremy Horner/Corbis 316: center, 351: © 2006 Justine Kurland 352: top and center
Courtesy, John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library/ Courtesy of Robert Zatorre, and Denise Klein, left, © UPI/Bettmann/Corbis 352: center right,
Museum, # C283-51-63 286: center, Photo by McGill University 316: bottom, © PhotoDisc, © AP Images/Charles Bennet 352: bottom left,
Deborah Feingold, courtesy of Parade Magazine Inc. 317: (#2) © Haig Kouyoumdjian 317: (#3) © AP Images/Charles Rex Arbogast 352: bot-
and Marilyn vos Savant 286: right, © UPI/ © Craig McClain 317: (#8) © Romilly Lockyer tom center, © Lee Celano/Reuters/Corbis 353:
Bettmann/Corbis 288: left, Courtesy of Marian 317: (#9) © Jeremy Horner/Corbis 318: left, © © Steve Marcus/Reuters/Corbis 354: (#1) ©
Burke 288: right, Photo by Deborah Feingold, Getty Images 318: right, © Steve Pope/Landov Richard Sjoberg 354: (#4) Courtesy of Jeffrey M.
courtesy of Parade Magazine and Marilyn vos 319: left, © Hans Blohm/Masterfile 319: right, Friedman, Rockefeller University 355: (#13) ©
© PhotoDisc, Inc. 320: top, Los Angeles Times Mariella Furrer 355: (#14) © PhotoDisc, Inc. 355:
686 P H O T O C R E D I T S Photo by Brian Vander Brug 321: top, By (#17) © UPI/Bettmann/Corbis

Module 16 Boston 396: top left and right, © PhotoDisc, Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 440: cen-
358: © Manpreet Romana/AFP/Getty Images Inc. 396: bottom left, © Ben Welsh Premium/ ter, Courtesy, Adler School of Professional
359: left, © AP Images/Kalahari Photo/Jamie- Alamy 397: center left and right, © PhotoDisc, Psychology. Reproduced by permission of Kurt
Andrea Yanak 359: right, © Ian McKinnell/ Inc. 397: bottom right, © Oliviero Toscani Adler. 440: right, Courtesy, Association for the
Getty Images 360: center right and bottom for BENNETON 398: (#10) © PhotoDisc, Advancement of Psychoanalysis 442: top, ©
center, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 361: center left and Inc. 399: left, © Steven Winn/AnthroPhoto Fox/Yoram Kahana/Shooting Star 442: bottom,
bottom right, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 361: top and 399: right, © Lila Abu Lughod/AnthroPhoto © Getty Images 443: top, © J. Howard Miller/
bottom left, © Ian McKinnell/Getty Images 400: top, © FilmMagic/Getty Images 400: National Archives and Records Administration
361: center right, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 362: left, © bottom, © Photodisc/SuperStock 401: top 443: bottom, © Bob Adelman/Magnum Photos
Photo24/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images 363: and center, Private Collection 401: bottom, 444: top, © Don Smetzer/Getty Images 444:
left, © Photo24/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images © BananaStock/SuperStock 403: (#17) © center, © AP Images/Jim Cooper 444: bottom,
364: all, © Digital Stock Corporation 365: top PhotoDisc, Inc. 403: (#22) © Steven Winn/ © Carlo Allegri/Getty Images 445: top, © Jose
left, © Digital Stock Corporation 365: center, AnthroPhoto 403: (#23) Private Collection Azel/Woodfin Camp & Associates 445: bot-
© Stephen Smith/Getty Images 366: top left, 404: left, © Asia Images Group/Photolibrary tom, © Peter Kramer/Getty Images 445: center,
Idaho Statesman/© Tom Shanahan 366: bot- 404: right, © Flirt Collection/Photolibrary © PhotoDisc, Inc. 446: © AP Images/Mark J.
tom left, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 366: bottom right, © Module 18 Terrill 447: (#10) © Jose Azel/Woodfin Camp
PhotoDisc, Inc. 367: top, © Christine Schneider/ 406: © TAO Images Limited/Photolibrary & Associates 448: © Jason Goltz 449: top and
Photolibrary 367: top right, © Gustavo Andrade/ 407: left, Los Angeles Times, Photo by Tammy bottom, © Walter Wick/Getty Images 450: top,
Photolibrary 367: top left, © Kevin Peterson/ Lechner 407: right, © FilmMagic/Getty Images © Dennis Oda 450: center, © Kevin Moloney/
Photodisc Green/Getty Images 367: bot- 408: center, © David Michael Kennedy 409: cen- Getty Images 453: (#11) © AP Images/Mark J.
tom right, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 368: (#1) © AP ter, © Ted Horowitz/Alamy 410: top, Los Angeles Terrill 453: (#14) © Jason Goltz 453: (#15) ©
Images/Kalahari Photo/Jamie-Andrea Yanak Times, Photo by Tammy Lechner 410: bottom, © Walter Wick/Getty Images
368: (#5) © Photo24/Brand X Pictures/Getty arabianEye/Photolibrary 411: all, © PhotoDisc, Module 20
Images 368: (#7) © Digital Stock Corporation Inc. 413: left, © David Michael Kennedy 413: 456: © Matthias Clamer/Getty Images 457: left,
368: (#8) © Stephen Smith/Getty Images 368: right, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 414: top, © Lawrence © Siphwe Sibeko/Reuters/Landov 457: right,
(#10) © Ian McKinnell/Getty Images 368: Manning/Corbis 414: (#1, #2) © David Michael © India Today Group/Getty Images 458: top,
(#11) © Kevin Peterson/Getty Images 369: © Kennedy 414: (#3) © Ted Horowitz/Alamy 415: © Tor Richardsen/AFP/Getty Images 458: bot-
Carlo Allegri/Getty Images 370: top, © Getty all, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 416: top, © PhotoDisc, tom, © AP Images/Karel Prinsloo 459: top, © AP
Images 370: bottom left, Photograph by Joel Inc. 416: center, Los Angeles Times, Photo by Images/Sayyid Azim 459: center, © PhotoDisc,
Reicherter, reprinted by permission 371: © Tammy Lechner 416: center, Los Angeles Times, Inc. 460: left and right, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 461:
Visuals Unlimited/Corbis 372: top, © Digital Photo by Tammy Lechner 416: bottom, © David © AP Images/Charles Sykes 462: top left, ©
Stock Corporation 372: bottom, © Photo24/ Michael Kennedy 417: top, © FilmMagic/Getty India Today Group/Getty Images 462: bot-
Brand X Pictures/Getty Images 373: top left, © Images 417: bottom left, © Bob Grant/Fotos tom left, © SuperStock RF/SuperStock 462: all
Ian McKinnell/Getty Images 374: © Noburo International/Getty Images 417: bottom right, right, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 463: all, © PhotoDisc,
Hashimoto/Corbis © Mike Clarke/AFP/Getty Images 418: top, Inc. 464: top, © AP Images/Joseph Kaczmarek
Module 17 © image100/SuperStock 418: bottom left and 464: bottom, © Galen Rowell/Corbis 465: left,
376: © Tony Metaxas/Photolibrary 378: © right, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 419: top, © FilmMagic/ (adult) © Barbara Penoyar/PhotoDisc, Inc. 465:
UPI/Bettmann/Corbis 379: left, © Pascal Getty Images 420: top left, right and bottom, © left, (child) © Barbara Penoyar/PhotoDisc, Inc.
Goetgheluck/Photo Researchers, Inc. 379: PhotoDisc, Inc. 420: bottom left, © Juice Images/ 465: right, © Werner Bokelberg. Photo altered
right, © Petit Format/Science Source/ Corbis 421: (#8, #9) © PhotoDisc, Inc. 421: by Doug Stern, Copyright © 1997 U.S. News &
Photo Researchers, Inc. 380: top, © Lennart (#10) © FilmMagic/Getty Images 421: (#11) © World Report, L.P. Reproduced with permission.
Nilsson Photography 381: top right, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 422: © Andrew Brusso/Corbis 466: top, © Michael Nichols/Magnum Photos
George Steinmetz 381: bottom, PhotoDisc, Outline 423: © Roger Wood/Corbis 424: top, 466: bottom left and right, © PhotoDisc, Inc.
Inc. 382: all, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 383: top © David J. Sams/Stock, Boston 424: bottom, © 467: left and center, © Michael Nichols/Magnum
and center right, © Laura Dwight 383: bot- Werner Bokelberg. Photo altered by Doug Stern, Photos 467: right, © image100/Photolibrary
tom, © Elyse Lewin/Getty Images 384: left, Copyright © 1997 U.S. News & World Report, 468: © AP Images/Joseph Kaczmarek 469:
© 1995 Taro Yamasaki 384: center, © David L.P. Reproduced with permission. 425: both, all, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 471: top, James Bennet/
M. Grossman/Photo Researchers, Inc. 384: © PhotoDisc, Inc. 426: © PhotoDisc, Inc. 427: The New York Times/Redux Pictures 471: bot-
bottom, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 386: top, © LWA/ top, © Juice Images/Corbis 427: center, © Life tom, © AP Images/Raanan Cohen 472: © Getty
Dann Tardif/Getty Images 386: bottom and in View/Photo Researchers, Inc. 428: (#1) © Images 473: top left, © Tor Richardsen/AFP/
387: top, © Kayoco/zefa/Corbis 387: bot- Lawrence Manning/Corbis 428: (#7) © David Getty Images 473: top and center right and bot-
tom right, © LWA/Dann Tardif/Getty Images Michael Kennedy 428: (#9) © PhotoDisc, Inc. tom left, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 473: bottom right,
388: both, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 389: left, © Doug 429: (#15) © David J. Sams/Stock, Boston 429: © Michael Nichols/Magnum Photos 474: all, ©
Goodman/Photo Researchers, Inc. 389: right, inset, (#17) © PhotoDisc, Inc. 430: © Peter PhotoDisc, Inc. 475: top, Corel Gallery 475: cen-
© Craig McClain 390: top, © Royalty-Free/ Samuels/Getty Images ter right and bottom left and right, © PhotoDisc,
Masterfile 390: bottom, © Hans Neleman/ Module 19 Inc. 476: top, © SuperStock RF/SuperStock 477:
Corbis 391: left, © Etienne Delessert 391: 432: © Colin Anderson/Getty Images 433: (#14) James Bennet/The New York Times/Redux
right, © Doug Goodman/Photo Researchers, left, © Dennis Oda 433: right, © Fox/Yorma Pictures 477: (#17) Corel Gallery 478: © AJA
Inc. 392, 393: © PhotoDisc, Inc. 394: top, © Kahana/Shooting Star 434: © Kevin Moloney/ Productions/Getty Images
PhotoDisc, Inc. 394: bottom, Courtesy of Dave Getty Images 436: © Kevin Moloney/Getty Module 21
Pelzer 395: top, © moodboard/Corbis 395: Images 438: top right, © Dennis Oda 438: bot- 480: © Andre Lichtenberg/Getty Images
left, © Bob Daemmrich/Stock, Boston 395: tom right, © Kevin Moloney/Getty Images 481: right, Courtesy of Brenda Combs 482:
right, © Charles Gupton/Flash! Light/Stock, 439: center, © Dennis Oda 440: left, National all center, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 483: left, ©

P H O T O C R E D I T S 687

Novastock/Photolibrary 484: top left and bottom, © Elizabeth Roll 526: (#1) © San Diego Module 25
right, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 484: bottom right, © Union Tribune/ZUMA Press 526: (#4) © AP 580: © Westend61/Photolibrary 581: © Ted
Ron Dalquist/Getty Images 486: bottom, © Images/Ruth Fremson 527: (#14) © Marvin Hardin 582: top left and right, © Ted Hardin
PhotoDisc, Inc. 487: top center, © PhotoDisc, Mattelson 528: © GN/RCS Reuters 582: bottom left, Courtesy of Dr. Victor Johnston,
Inc. 488: top, © Digital Stock Corporation 488: Module 23 from “Why We Feel” 582: bottom center, © Ismael
bottom, © Lennart Nilsson, Bokforlaget Bonnier 530: © AP Images/Vincent Yu 531: both, © Lopez/Photolibrary 582: bottom right, © Dave
Alba AB. 489: © Simon Marcus/Corbis 490: Robert Gauthier 532: left, © Evan Agostini/ Falk/Getty Images 583: top, From “The Effect of
top, Courtesy of Brenda Combs 490: center, Getty Images 532: center, © Robert Gauthier Race and Sex on Physicians’ Recommendations
© Christoph Wilhelm/Getty Images 490: bot- 533: top, © Evan Agostini/Getty Images 533: for Cardiac Catheterization” by K. A. Schulman
tom, © Larry Dale Gordon/Getty Images 491: right, © Imagesource/Photolibrary 534: left, et al., 1999, The New England Journal of
top, © AP Images/Kristie Bull 491: center, © © Evan Agostini/Getty Images 534: right, © Medicine, 2/5/99, pp. 621–622. Copyright © 1999,
PhotoDisc, Inc. 491: bottom, © David Turnley/ Robert Gauthier 535: top, © Photo Researchers, Massachusetts Medical Society. Reprinted by
Corbis 493: left, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 493: center, Inc. 535: bottom, © Canadian Press/Phototake permission of publisher and Interactive Drama.
© photosindia/Getty Images 493: bottom, © 536: left, © Alan Fredrickson/Reuters/Corbis 583: bottom left and right, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 584:
Brand X/SuperStock 494: left, © Joe Klamar/ 536: right, © Angela Hampton Picture Library/ top, Courtesy of Dr. Harriet Hall 584: bottom
AFP/Getty Images 494: right, © PhotoDisc, Alamy 537: top, © Alan Fredrickson/Reuters/ left, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 584: right, © arabianEye/
Inc. 495: bottom left, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 497: Corbis 538: © Robert Gauthier 539: top, © Photolibrary 585: top, © Bettmann/Corbis 585:
top, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 497: bottom left, © Juan Robert Gauthier 539: center, Courtesy of bottom, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 586: top, © Neville
Silva/Getty Images 497: bottom right, © Blend Edna Morlok 540: top left, Courtesy of Drs. E. Elder/Corbis 586: bottom left and right, ©
Images/SuperStock 498: (#9) © Larry Dale Fuller Torrey & Daniel R. Weinberger, NIMH, PhotoDisc, Inc. 587: top, © Laurence Mouton/
Gordon/Getty Images 498: (#10) © PhotoDisc, Neuroscience Center, Washington D.C. 540: top PhotoAlto/Corbis 587: bottom, © PhotoDisc, Inc.
Inc. 498: (#12) © photosindia/Getty Images 498: right, © Robert Gauthier 541: both, © Robert 589: Courtesy of Floyd Cochran 590: top, © Steve
(#13) © Joe Klamar/AFP/Getty Images 498: Gauthier 543: (#9) © Alan Fredrickson/ Reuters/ Pope/Landov 590: bottom, © Scott Gries/Getty
(#14) © PhotoDisc, Inc. 499: right, © PhotoDisc, Corbis 543: (#10) © Robert Gauthier 544: right, Images 591: top, © AFP/Getty Images 591: center,
Inc. 499: left, © R. W. Jones/Corbis 501: inset, © AP Images/The Denver Post/Karl Gehring © Michael Hitoshi/Getty Images 591: bottom, ©
© Fredrik Renander/Alamy 501: bottom right, 545: top, © Kabik/Retna Ltd./Corbis 545: bot- AP Images/Amir Nabil 595: top, © Alan Weiner
© Richard J. Davidson, Director, W.M. Keck tom, © Ron Nickel/Photolibrary 547: top and 595: bottom, © AP Images/ Frank Franklin II
Laboratory for Functional Brain Imaging and left, © PhotoLink/PhotoDisc, Inc. 550: (#8) © 596: left, © 1993 Taro Yamasaki 596: right, Jim
Behavior 502: both, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 503: right, Alan Fredrickson/Reuters/Corbis 551: (#19) © LoScalzo/U.S. News & World Report 597: left,
© Benno de Wilde/Imageshop/Alamy 503: bot- PhotoLink/PhotoDisc, Inc. 551: (#16) © Ron © Bob Daemmrich/PhotoEdit 597: center, ©
tom, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 505: (#17) © PhotoDisc, Nickel/Photolibrary WorldFoto/Alamy 597: bottom, © SuperStockRF/
Inc. 505: (#19) © Fredrik Renander/Alamy 505: Module 24 SuperStock 598: © PhotoDisc, Inc. 599: (#1)
(#20) © PhotoDisc, Inc. 506: © Robert Laberge/ 554: © Daniel Lai/Getty Images 555: left, © Ted Hardin 599: (#4, #6) © PhotoDisc, Inc.
Getty Images Sigmund Freud Copyrights/Sulloway/Mary 599: (#8) Courtesy of Floyd Cochran 599:
Module 22 Evans Picture Gallery 555: top center, © (#10) © Steve Pope/Landov 599: (#13) © Bob
508: © Pierre Perrin/Corbis Sygma 509: left, PhotoDisc, Inc. 556: center left, National Daemmrich/PhotoEdit 599: (#15) © PhotoDisc,
© Jeff Tuttle/AFP/Getty Images 509: right, © Library of Medicine, #A-13392 556: top right, Inc. 600: top center left, © Visuals Unlimited/
Elizabeth Roll 510: right, © Colin Anderson/ Photo by Ken Smith of painting in Harrisburg Corbis 600: bottom center left, © Digital Stock
Brand X/Corbis 511: top and bottom center, State Hospital/LLR Collection 556: bottom Corporation 600: top center, © Mike Kepka/San
© San Diego Union Tribune/ZUMA Press 511: left, National Library of Medicine, # A-13394 Francisco Chronicle/Corbis 600: bottom center,
bottom left, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 511: bottom 557: left, © AP Images/Rusty Kennedy 557: © Canadian Press/Phototake 600: bottom left,
right, © Kelly Redinger/Design Pics/Corbis right, © Mira/Alamy 558: right, © PhotoDisc, © Bob Daemmrich/The Image Works 601: left,
512: top, © Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images Inc. 559: bottom, © S. Wanke/PhotoDisc, Inc. © Photo24/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images 601:
512: bottom center, © AP Images/Tim Kimzey 561: bottom, © Sigmund Freud Copyrights/ center, © Zig Leszcynski/Animals Animals 601:
513: © AP Images/Ruth Fremson 514: top, © Sulloway/Mary Evans Picture Library 563: © right, © Ben Welsh Premium/Alamy 602: top,
AP Images/Tim Kimzey 514: right, © Elizabeth Zohar Lazar 566: left, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 567: © PhotoDisc, Inc. 602: left, © Edouard Berne/
Roll 515: © Jeff Tuttle/AFP/Getty Images 518: © Elizabeth Roll 571: © Ingram Publishing/ Getty Images 602: right, © AP Images/Eduardo
center, © Elizabeth Roll 519: right, © Chip Alamy 572: © Roger Dashow/AnthroPhoto Di Baia 603: © PhotoDisc, Inc. 604: bottom,
Simons/Science Faction/Corbis 520: left, © 573: © Los Angeles Times, photo by Al Seib 574: © PhotoDisc, Inc. 604: right, © Ben Welsh
Marvin Mattelson 521: (#2) © Colin Anderson/ top and bottom, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 575: © Rob Premium/Alamy 605: © Creasource/Corbis 606:
Brand X/Corbis 521: (#3) © San Diego Union Bartee/SuperStock 576: (#1) National Library top, (#1) Courtesy of Dr. Harriet Hall 606: (#5) ©
Tribune/ZUMA Press 521: (#4) © AP Images/ of Medicine, #A-13392 577: (#22) © Roger PhotoDisc, Inc. 606: (#9) © Steve Pope/Landov
Tim Kimzey 522: left, © David Young Wolff/ Dashow/AnthroPhoto 578: left, © AP Images/ 607: (#12) © AFP/Getty Images 607: (#13) © Jim
PhotoEdit 522: right, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 523: © Ted S. Warren LoScalzo/U.S. News & World Report 607: (#20)
AP Images/Virginia State Police 524: top and © Ben Welsh Premium/Alamy 607: (#22) ©
PhotoDisc, Inc. 608: © Bob Pardue/Alamy

688 P H O T O C R E D I T S

Figure/Text Credits

These pages constitute an extension of the Module 9 figure based on Learning and Memory, by D. A.
copyright page. We have made every effort to 196: Graph data from “Pitch Discrimination Norman, 1982. W. H. Freeman & Company. 263:
trace the ownership of all copyrighted mate- in the Dog,” by H. M. Anrep, 1920, Journal Network hierarchy based on “Retrieval time
rial and to secure permission from copyright of Physiology, 53, 367–385. 206: Graph from semantic memory,” by A. M. Colins and
holders. In the event of any question arising as adapted from “Emotional Fainting and the M. R. Quillian, 1969, Verbal Learning and Verbal
to the use of any material, we will be pleased to Psychophysiologic Response to Blood and Behavior, 8, 240–247. 270: (#4) Graph data from
make the necessary corrections in future print- Injury: Autonomic Mechanisms and Coping “Fifty Years of Memory for Names and Faces,”
ings. Thanks are due to the following authors, Strategies,” by A. Steptoe and J. Wardle, 1988, by H. P. Bahrick, P. O. Bahrick & R. P. Wittlinger,
publishers, and agents for permission to use the Psychosomatic Medicine, 50, 402–417. 1975, Journal of Experimental Psychology:
material indicated. Module 10 General, 104, 54–75. 276: (#5) Graph data from
Module 1 214: Graph on right based on data from “Fifty Years of Memory for Names and Faces,”
6: Graph data from “Arithmetic calculation, deep Behavior of Organisms, by B. F. Skinner, 1938. by H. P. Bahrick, P. O. Bahrick & R. P. Wittlinger,
inspiration or handgrip exercise-mediated pre- Appleton-Century-Crofts. 215: Skinner box 1975, Journal of Experimental Psychology:
operational active palmar sweating responses illustration from Introduction to Psychology, General, 104, 54–75.
in humans,” by Masayoshi Kobayashi, Noriko by E. Bruce Goldstein, 1995. Brooks/Cole. Module 13
Tomioka, Yoshihisa Ushiyama and Toshio 216: Adapted from “Treating Chronic Food 287: (center) Graphs adapted from “Age and
Ohhashi Autonomic Neuroscience, Volume Refusal in Young Children: Home-Based Parent WAIS-R A Cross-Sectional Analysis with
104, Issue 1, pp. 58–65. 17: Pie chart data from Training,” by M. A. Werle, T. B. Murphy & K. S. Educational Level Controlled,” by A. S. Kaufman,
“Psychological Science Around the World,” by Budd, 1993, Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, C. R. Reynolds & J. E. McLean, 1989, Intelligence,
M. R. Rosenzweig, 1992, American Psychologist, 26, 421–433. 220: Reinforcement diagram from 13, pp. 246, 247. Copyright © 1989 by Ablex
47, 718–22. 21: Excuses list from “Excuses, Psychology: Themes and Variations, by Wayne Publishing Company. Adapted by permis-
Excuses,” by D. A. Bernstein, 1993, APS Observer, Weiten, 2nd ed., figure 6.13. Copyright © 1992 sion. 294: Source: Hernstein and Murray, 1994.
March, 1993, Vol 6, No. 2, p. 4. Copyright © 1993 by Wadsworth, Inc. Reproduced by permission. 295: (right, #7) Graph adapted from “Age and
by the Association for Psychological Sciences. 221: Based on data from the U.S. Department WAIS-R A Cross-Sectional Analysis with
Reprinted by permission of the author. of the Navy and an illustration by Suzy Parker, Educational Level Controlled,” by A. S. Kaufman,
Module 3 USA TODAY, March 27, 2003, p. 8D. 223: (left) C. R. Reynolds & J. E. McLean, 1989, Intelligence,
58: Based on an illustration in Scientific American Skinner box illustration from Introduction to 13, pp. 246, 247. Copyright © 1989 by Ablex
Mind, April/May, 2006, p. 18 by Jason Lee. By Psychology, by E. Bruce Goldstein, 1995. Brooks/ Publishing Company. Adapted by permission.
permission of Jason Lee. Cole. 225: Bar graph data from “Relative Efficacy Module 14
Module 4 of Densensitization and Modeling Approaches 309: (left) Adapted from Conceptional Block-
68: (right) Chromosome drawing redrawn by for Inducing Behavior, Affective and Attitudinal busting: A Guide to Better Ideas, by James L.
permission from an illustration on page 126 Changes,” by A. Bandura, E. B. Blanchard & B. Adams, pp. 17–18. Copyright © 1974 by James
by Michael Goodman in “DNA’s New Twists,” Ritter, 1969, Journal of Personality and Social L. Adams. W. H. Freeman & Co., Publishers.
by John Rennie, Scientific American, March, Psychology, 13, 173–179. 227: (top, #1) Skinner Adapted by permission of Da Capo Press, a
1993. All rights reserved. 79: (bottom left) From box illustration from Introduction to Psychology, member of Perseus Books Group.
“Language Specificity and Elasticity: Brain and by E. Bruce Goldstein, 1995. Brooks/Cole. 234: Module 15
Clinical Syndrome Studies,” by M. Maratsos and (#1 graph) Adapted from “Treating Chronic 348: From Abnormal Psychology, by Barlow/
L. Matheny, 1994, Annual Review of Psychology, Food Refusal in Young Children: Home-Based Durand, 2/E, p. 79. Copyright © 1997. Brooks/
45, 487–516. 79: (bottom right) Adapted from Parent Training,” by M. A. Werle, T. B. Murphy Cole Publishing.
Left Brain, Right Brain, by S. P. Springer and & K. S. Budd, 1993, Journal of Applied Behavior Module 16
G. Deutsch, 4/e, 1989. W. H. Freeman Company. Analysis, 26, 421–433. 370: (bottom, center) Redrawn from an illus-
84: (houses and letter L) Based on data from Module 11 tration by John Tom Seetin in “Working
Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities, by D. F. 253: Bar graph data from “Repeated Memory Knowledge,” Scientific American, 277 (6),
Halpern, 2000. Lawrence Erlbuam Associates. of Oral Prose in Ghana and New York,” by B. M. December, 1997, p. 132. Reprinted by permission
84: (left) Figures adapted from “Sex Differences Ross and C. Millson, 1970, International Journal of the illustrator. All rights reserved.
in the Brain,” by D. Kimura, 1992, Scientific of Psychology, 5, 173–181. 253: Excerpt from Module 17
American, 267, 119–125. Remembering: A Study in Experimental and 380: Bar graph adapted from a figure in
Module 5 Social Psychology, by F. C. Bartlett, p. 65, 1932. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented
114: (top) Illustration based on K. Daniel Clark Cambridge University Press. Copyright © 1932. Embryology, 4th ed., by Keith L. Moore. W. B.
from “Newsfronts: Science & Technology,” by Reprinted with the permission of Cambridge Saunders Co., Copyright © 1988 by Keith L.
Dawn Stover, Popular Science, August 1997, University Press. 255: Adapted from “Vivid Moore. Adapted by permission of the author.
p. 29. Reprinted by permission. Memories,” by D. C. Rubin and M. Kozin, 1984, Module 18
Module 8 Cognition, 16, 81–95. Copyright © 1984 by 413: Ida and Christopher excerpt from Parade
188: Adapted from “How AA Works and Why Elsevier Science Publishers BV. Adapted by per- Magazine, July 14, 1991, pp. 6–7. Reprinted
It’s Important for Clinicians to Understand,” by mission from Elsevier Science. with permission from Parade. Copyright ©
E. J. Khantzian and J. E. Mack, 1994, Journal of Module 12 1991. 420: Graph based on data from “Marital
Substance Abuse Treatment, 11, 77–92. 261: Adapted from “Nearly 2,000 Witnesses Can
Be Wrong,” by R. Buckout, 1980, Bulletin of the F I G U R E / T E X T C R E D I T S 689
Psychonomic Society, 16, 307–310. 262: Memory

Happiness Cross the Family Life Cycle: A Module 19 “Shadowland: Three Profiled in Mental Illness
Longitudinal Analysis,” by M. H. Benin and I. 450: (right) From Abnormal Psychology, by Series Are Striving to Improve Their Condition”
B. Robinson, cited in Time, August 25, 1997, Barlow/Durand, 2/E, p. 79. Copyright © 1997. by C. Brooks, San Diego Union-Tribune, February
p. 24. 420: List adapted from “Preferences in Brooks/Cole Publishing. 27, 1995. 535: Excerpt from “Electroboy,” by Andy
Human Mate Selection,” by D. M. Buss and M. Module 20 Behrman. Copyright © 1999. Reprinted by per-
Barnes, 1986, Journal of Personality and Social 467: Bar graph data from “Genes, Environment, mission of the author. 539: Bar graph data from
Psychology, 7, 3–15. American Psychological and Personality,” by T. J. Bouchard, 1994, Science, Schizophrenia Genesis: The Origins of Madness,
Association. 423: (list center) Adapted from 264, 1700–1701. American Association for the by I. I. Gottesmann, 1991. W. H. Freeman &
“Mate Preferences in 37 Cultures,” by D. M. Advancement of Science. Additional data from Company; with additional data from “The
Buss, 1994. In W. J. Lonner & R. Malpass (Eds.), Bouchard & Loehlin, 2001. 468: Bar graph data Epidemiology of Schizophrenia in a Finnish Twin
Psychology and Culture. Allyn and Bacon. 423: from “Genes, Environment, and Personality,” by Cohort,” by T. D. Cannon, J. Kaprio, J. Lonnqvist,
(list bottom) Adapted from “International T. J. Bouchard, 1994, Science, 264, 1700–1701. M. Huttunen & M. Koskenvuo, 1998, Archives of
Preferences in Selecting Mates,” by D. M. American Association for the Advancement General Psychiatry, 55, 67–74. 543: (#5) Bar graph
Buss, M. Abbott, A. Angleitner, A. Asherian, A. of Science. Additional data from Bouchard & data from “Current Perspectives on the Genetics
Biaggio, A. Blanoco-Villasenor, A. Bruchon- Loehlin, 2001, Plomin & Crabbe, 2000. of Unipolar Depression,” by S. O. Moldin, T. Reich
Scwietzer, H. Y. Ch’U, J. Czapinski, B. Deraad, Module 21 & J. P. Rice, 1991, Behavior Genetics, 21, 211–242.
B. Ekehammar, N. E. Lohamy, M. Fioravanti, 483: Situation list data from USA Today, August 543: (#7) ECT treatment graph adapted from
J. Georgas, P. Gjerde, R. Guttmann, E. Hazan, 19, 1987, p. 4D. 486: List adapted from “The “Use of ECT with Treatment-Resistant Depressed
S. Iwawaki, H. Jankiramaiah, F. Khosroshani, Factor Structure of Self-Reported Physical Patients at the National Institute of Mental
D. Kreitler, L. Lachenicht, M. Lee, K. Kiik, B. Stress Reactions,” by J. C. Smith and J. M. Seidel, Health,” by S. M. Paul, I. Extein, H. M. Calil,
Little, S. Mika, M. Moadel-Shahid, G. Moane, 1982, Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 7, 35–47. W. Z. Potter, P. Chodiff & F. K. Goodwin, 1981,
M. Montero, A. C. Mundy-Castle, T. Niit, E. Springer Netherlands. 490: Scale: Reprinted from American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 486–489.
Nsenduluka, R. Pienkowski, A. M. Pirttila- “Life changes scaling for the 1990s,” by M. A. 547: Bar graph data from “Exercise treatment for
Backman, J. P. De Leon, J. Rousseau, M. A. Miller and R. H. Rahe, Journal of Psychosomatic major depression: Maintenance of therapeutic
Runco, M. P. Safir, C. Samuels, R. Sanitioso, R. Research, 43, 279–292, Copyright © 1997, with benefits at 10 months,” by M. Babyak, et al., 2000,
Serpell, N. Smid, C. Spencer, M. Tadinac, E. N. permission from Elsevier Science. 501: Graph Psychosomatic Medicine, 62, 633–638.
Tordorova, Z. K. Troland, L. Van Den Brande, data from “Body Temperature Changes During Module 24
G. Van Heck, L. Van Langenhove & K. S. Yang, the Practice of g Tum-mo-Yoga,” by H. Benson, 560: Therapy session adapted from “A Critique
1990, Journal of Cross-Cultural Personality, 21, J. W. Lehmann, M. S. Malhotra, R. F. Goldman, of So-Called Standard Psychoanalytic Tech-
5–47, and additional data from “Mate Prefer- P. J. Hopkins & M. D. Epstein, 1982, Nature, 295, nique,” by S. D. Lipton, 1983, Contemporary
ences in 37 Cultures,” by D. M. Buss. In W. J. 234–235. 505: (#19) Graph data from “Body Psychoanalysis, 19, 35–52. 564: Therapy session
Lonner & R. Malpass (Eds.), Psychology and Temperature Changes During the Practice of g adapted from “Person-Centered Therapy,” by N.
Culture. Allyn & Bacon. 429: (#13) List adapted Tum-mo-Yoga,” by H. Benson, J. W. Lehmann, M. J. Raskin and C. R. Rogers, 1989. In R. J. Corsini
from “International Preferences in Selecting S. Malhotra, R. F. Goldman, P. J. Hopkins & M. D. and D. Wedding (Eds.), Current Psychothera-
Mates,” by D. M. Buss, M. Abbott, A. Angleitner, Epstein, 1982, Nature, 295, 234–235. pies, 4th ed. F. E. Peacock. 565: Therapy session
A. Asherian, A. Biaggio, A. Blanoco-Villasenor, Module 22 adapted from Cognitive Therapy of Depression,
A. Bruchon-Scwietzer, H. Y. Ch’U, J. Czapinski, 514–515: Syndrome titles from Diagnostic and by A. T. Beck, A. J. Rush, B. F. Shaw & G. Emery,
B. Deraad, B. Ekehammar, N. E. Lohamy, M. Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth 1979, pp. 145–146. Guilford Press. 566: Therapy
Fioravanti, J. Georgas, P. Gjerde, R. Guttmann, Edition. Copyright © 1994 American Psychiatric session adapted from Clinical Behavior Therapy,
E. Hazan, S. Iwawaki, H. Jankiramaiah, F. Association. 518: (bottom) Bar graphs data by M. R. Goldfried and G. C. Davison, 1976.
Khosroshani, D. Kreitler, L. Lachenicht, M. Lee, on phobias from “Panic and Phobia” by W. W. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
K. Kiik, B. Little, S. Mika, M. Moadel-Shahid, Eaton, A. Dryman & M. M. Weissman, 1991. In Module 25
G. Moane, M. Montero, A. C. Mundy-Castle, L. N. Robins & D. A. Regier (Eds.), Psychiatric 592: Asch study based on “Effects of Group
T. Niit, E. Nsenduluka, R. Pienkowski, A. M. Disorders in America: The Epidemiological Pressure Upon Modification and Distortion
Pirttila-Backman, J. P. De Leon, J. Rousseau, M. Catchment Area Study. Free Press. of Judgements,” by Solomon Asch, 1958. In E.
A. Runco, M. P. Safir, C. Samuels, R. Sanitioso, Module 23 Maccoby, T. M. Newcomb & E. L. Hartley (Eds.),
R. Serpell, N. Smid, C. Spencer, M. Tadinac, E. 531: (Chuck Elliot) Adapted from “Breakdown Readings in Social Psychology (3rd Ed.). Holt,
N. Tordorova, Z. K. Troland, L. Van Den Brande, into the Shadows of Mental Illness,” by C. Brooks, Rinehart & Winston. 606: (#8) Bar graph data
G. Van Heck, L. Van Langenhove & K. S. Yang, San Diego Union-Tribune, February 27, 1994, from “Improving the Academic Performance
1990, Journal of Cross-Cultural Personality, p. 4. 531: (Michael McCabe) Adapted from of College Freshman,” by T. D. Wilson and P. W.
21, 5–47, and additional data from “Mate Linville, 1982, Journal of Personality and Social
Preferences in 37 Cultures,” by D. M. Buss. In Psychology, 42, 367–376, American Psychological
W. J. Lonner & R. Malpass (Eds.), Psychology Association.
and Culture. Allyn & Bacon.

690 F I G U R E / T E X T C R E D I T S

Name Index

A Anderson, P. L., 578 Bandura, A., 8, 196, 223, Ben-Shakar, G., 371 Bootzin, R. R., 162, 575 Brown, W. A., 111
Anderson, S. E., 408 224, 225, 331, 416, Benson, E., 282 Bornstein, R. F., 563 Brownlee, C., 34, 150,
AAA, 183 Andrasik, F., 233 458, 459, 460, 461, Benson, H., 486, 501 Borton, J. L. D., 574
Aamodt, S., 20, 47, 49, Andrews, B., 250 493, 602 Berenson, A., 425, 534, Bosch, F. X., 608 352
Andrews, M., 503 Bouchard, C., 336 Brownlee, S., 228
113, 151, 201, 336 Angelo, B., 359 Banerjee, N., 450 542 Bouchard, T., 466 Bruder, C. E. G., 67, 69
Aapro, M. S., 207 Angier, N., 68 Banks, S. J., 80 Berg, B. O., 67 Bouchard, T. J., Jr., 293, Bruer, J. T., 441
Abdul-Zahra, W., 471 Anstett, P., 159 Barad, M., 201 Berg, C. A., 287 Bruner, J., 391
Abel, T., 269 Anstis, S. M., 140 Barak, A., 571 Berger, J., 31 294, 461, 466, 467, Bryant, G. A., 314
Abernethy, B., 308 Anthes, E., 415 Bargh, J. A., 441 Bergfield, C., 141 468 Buccino, G., 369
Abrahamsson, K. H., Anwar, Y., 29 Barinaga, M., 49, 106, Bergin, A. E., 557 Bouchard, T. J., 336 Buch, G., 232
APB, 481 Berglas, S., 349 Bouret, S., 335 Buckley, C., 595
205 Arantes-Oliveria, N., 150 Berk, L. B., 216 Bovbjerg, D. H., 206 Buckley, P., 561, 562
Abrams, M., 343 Barkley, R. A., 28, 39 Berko, A., 471 Bower, B., 39, 51, 78, 84, Buckley, R. R., 401
Abu-Lughod, L., 367 424 Barlow, D. H., 344, 500, Berkowitz, L., 602 87, 151, 160, 200, 226, Buckout, R., 261
ACA Group, 603 Ariely, D., 9, 21, 29, 31, Berlin, H. A., 544 250, 274, 321, 367, Buddie, A. M., 603
Acevedo, B., 419 512, 518, 520, 546 Berlin, S. S., 549 533, 552, 601, 602 Buhusi, C. V., 150
ACF, 298 111 Baron, A. S., 583 Berlinger, N. T., 141 Bower, F., 308, 314 Bulik, C. M., 336, 353
ACHA, 548 Arking, D. E., 3, 6 Baron, R., 107, 210 Bernardi, G., 60 Bower, G. H., 265 Bunte, K., 597
Adams, W. L., 254 Arkowitz, H., 171, 445, Baron, R. A., 601 Berns, G., 592 Bowlby, J., 385 Buonomano, D. V., 229
Ader, F., 489 Barrett, H. C., 314 Berns, G. S., 113 Bowles, J., 407 Burge, D., 385
Ader, R., 488, 489 517, 534, 552, 573 Barrett, K. E., 100 Bernstein, D. A., 21 Bowman, L., 178 Burger, J., 594
Adler, J., 434, 563, 571 Armbruster, B. B., 21 Barrett, M. S., 563 Bernstein, D. M., 258 Boyce, N., 308 Burger, J. M., 214, 446,
Adolphs, R., 87, 362 Armeli, S., 350 Barsky, A. J., 520 Bernstein, I. L., 200 Boyd, N., 121
Aharon, I., 330, 582 Armfield, J. M., 205 Bartels, A., 330 Berntsen, D., 255 Boyles, S., 39 459, 463
Ainsworth, M., 385 Armsey, T. D., II, 178 Barth, A., 156 Berntson, G. G., 600 Boysen, S., 323 Burn, S. M., 596, 597,
ALA, 178 Armstrong, L., 506 Bartlett, N. H., 340 Berridge, K. C., 366 Brabham, D., 302
Alaimo, D. F., 4 Arnett, J. J., 410, 415 Bartlik, B., 425 Berry, C. M., 474 Brackett, M. A., 369 598
Albee, G. W., 516 Arnold, D. H., 298, 299 Bartone, P. T., 494 Berry, H., 247 Bradley, R., 363 Burns, T., 557
Albert, J. L., 316 Arntz, A., 517 Bartoshuk, L., 106 Bertisch, S., 487 Bradley, R. G., 401 Burton, C. M., 495
Albright, T. D., 41 Aronow, E., 451 Bashore, T. R., 371 Besenhoff, G. R., 591 Braffman, W., 171, 172 Burton, S., 541, 542
Alexander, M., 544 Aronson, E., 40 Basil, R., 287 Best, D. L., 340, 399, 418 Bragg, R., 513 Bushman, B. J., 602, 605
Ali, L., 305, 310, 409, 417 Arvanitogiannis, A., 330 Bateman, A. W., 537 Bhattacharya, S., 106 Branan, N., 267 Buss, D. M., 11, 69, 342,
Ali, S. I., 123 ASA, 11 Bates, B. L., 173 Bieber, F., 69 Brant, M., 382, 384
Alivisatos, B., 84 Asay, P., 434 Bates, J., 384 Bierma, P., 58 Brantley, B., 442 399, 418, 420, 423
Allen, J. E., 39 Asch, S., 592 Bateson, P., 228 Billingsley, J., 189 Brantley, P. J., 497 Bustillo, J. R., 541
Allen, K., 445 Aserinsky, E., 153 Batson, C. D., 595 Billy, J. O. G., 34 Braun, A. R., 161 Butcher, J. N., 450
Allgood, W. P., 21 Asher, J. E., 144 Battaglia, M., 449 Binet, A., 285 Braun, J., 381 Butler, A. C., 549, 559,
Allik, J., 468 Askay, S. W., 173 Bauer, P. J., 264 Binkofski, F., 369 Brazis, P. W., 61
Allison, P. D., 488 ASM, 29 Baumeister, R. F., 597 Birket-Smith, M., 520 Brecher, E. M., 174, 176 568, 571
Allport, G. W., 462, 588 Assanangkornchai, S., Baumrind, D., 233, 341, Bishop, E. G., 292 Breckler, S. J., 40 Butt, A., 48
Almeida, D. M., 490 Bjorklund, D. F., 388 Breiter, H. C., 330 Butt, T., 586
Alonso, J., 558 185 413 Black, D., 537 Brennan, J., 206, 213 Byland, T., 93
Alonso-Zaldivar, R., 39 Atkinson, J. W., 348, 349 Baur, K., 425 Black, L., 581, 592 Breu, G., 384 Byne, W., 341
Althof, S. E., 344 Atkinson, R. C., 245 Baylen, C. A., 181 Blackburn, E., 424 Breuer, J., 555 Bynner, J. M., 449
Alzheimer’s Association, Audrain, J. E., 336 BCSSE, 290 Blais, V., 135 Brewer, N., 482, 486, Byrne, R., 308
Axelsson, J., 159 Bear, M. F., 77 Blakely, M. R., 5, 8 502, 503
47 Azar, B., 84, 604 Beasley, M., 494 Blakemore, J. E. O., 340 Breznitz, S., 491 C
Amabile, T. M., 310 Aziz, T. Z., 61 Beck, A. T., 533, 548, Blakeslee, M., 64 Brickman, P., 366
American Academy of Blakeslee, S., 4, 7, 64, Briggs, J. L., 367 Cabeza, R., 201, 246,
B 549, 564, 568, 575 Broad, W. J., 371 268, 415
Pediatrics (AAP), 11, Beck, G. J., 574 113, 592 Brodie, E. E., 58
27, 35 Babyak, M., 547 Becker, A., 353 Blanco, C., 183, 525 Brody, A. L., 549 Cacioppo, J. T., 7, 360,
American Association of Baddeley, A., 239, 240, Beckman, N., 425 Blass, E. M., 382 Brody, J. E., 105, 115, 370, 590, 600
University Women Bedi, K., 457 Blass, T., 594 250, 251, 337, 352,
(AAUW), 603 242, 243, 245, 246, Bedrosian, J. D., 350 Bleck, T. P., 73 536 Cahill, L., 84, 247
American Psychiatric 249, 250, 264 Begley, S., 29, 76, 138, Block, J., 416, 468 Brody, N., 282, 283, 285, Cai, G., 6
Association (APA), 3, Baer, J., 311 Block, M., 100 289 Calandreau, L., 201
27, 159, 174, 185, 188, Baer, J. S., 381 177, 291, 293, 322, Blomberg, J., 563 Brodzinsky, S., 177 Caldwell, J. C., 346
232, 340, 353, 377, Bagge, C., 58 330, 466, 512, 538, Blood, A. J., 330 Broekaert, E., 446 Callahan, C. M., 283
481, 491, 513, 514, Bahrami, B., 135 600 Bloom, M. M., 471 Broidy, L. M., 604 Callejas, A., 144
517, 518, 519, 520, Bahrick, H. P., 244, 264, Begum, S., 123 Blum, N., 216 Brooks, C., 531, 538, Calvo, M. G., 7
532, 536, 538, 541, 265 Behrman, A., 535 Blum, R., 409 539, 541 Cameron, K. A., 590
544, 545, 546, 547, Bailenson, J. N., 308 Bekhoff, M., 228 Blunt, A. K., 9, 21 Brooks, D. C., 199 Camp, C. A., 382
558, 578 Bailes, E., 345 Bekoff, M., 228 Bodas, J., 11 Brooks, R., 394 Camp, G. C., 310
American Psychological Bailey, J. M., 342, 343 Belin, D., 219 Boddy, J., 546 Brooks-Gunn, J., 351 Campbell, D., 186
Association (APA), Baillargeon, R., 396 Bell, B., 352 Boden, M. A., 310 Brophy, B., 430 Campbell, W. K., 416
14, 40 Baker, C., 378 Bellinger, D. C., 381 Bodenhausen, G. V., 584 Brown, D., 401 Campo-Flores, A., 464
Andersen, S. M., 582, Baker, M. C., 313 Bem, D., 589 Bogaert, A. F., 343 Brown, D. J., 181 Canfield, R. L., 381
583, 589 Baker, S., 189 Bem, D. J., 138, 139 Bolton, E. E., 491, 519 Brown, G. S., 559 Canino, G. J., 185
Andershed, A., 155 Baldauf, S., 535 Bem, S. L., 395 Bonanno, G. A., 494 Brown, R., 255 Canli, T., 396, 533
Anderson, C. A., 602 Baldwin, J. D., 399 Bendersky, M., 381 Bondurant, B., 605 Brown, R. J., 520 Caplan, N., 448
Anderson, J., 114 Baldwin, J. I., 399 Bendsen, E., 339 Bonneau, R. H., 488 Brown, S. A., 369 Caplan, P., 516
Anderson, K. J., 365 Ball, J. R., 564 Benin, M. H., 420 Bonnet, M. H., 153 Brown, S. C., 249, 267 Caporael, L. R., 396, 399
Anderson, M. C., 76, Balter, M., 69 Benjamin, L. T., Jr., Booth-Kewley, S., 496 Caprara, G. V., 460
242, 244, 249, 266, Balzar, J., 157 12, 14 Carden, R., 9
267, 269, 437 Bamford, N. S., 176 Benjet, C., 233 Carducci, B. J., 494
Anderson, N. B., 495 Banaji, M. R., 319, 583 Bennet, J., 471 C.A.R.E., 41
Banay, S., 107 Ben-Porath, Y. S., 474 CARE, 381
Carey, B., 232, 419, 497
Cariaga, D., 292

N A M E I N D E X 691

Carlin, A., 141 Clore, G. L., 360 Cytowic, R. E., 144 de Waal, F. B. M., 342 Ehrenberg, R., 69, 350 Fernyhough, C., 540
Carlsmith, J. M., 589 Cloud, J., 186, 536 Czeisler, C., 151 Diamond, E. L., 49 Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I., 364 Ferster, D., 107
Carlson, J. M., 590 Coates, T. P., 401 Czeisler, C. A., 150, 151, Diamond, M., 341 Eich, E., 544, 545 Festinger, L., 589, 596
Carne, R. P., 84 Coccaro, E. F., 537 Dickens, W. T., 294 Eichenbaum, H., 246 Fiedler, K., 371, 586, 598
Caroff, S. N., 542 Cochran, F., 589 157, 162, 163 Dickerson, T. J., 176 Eikeseth, S., 4, 232 Field, A. P., 204
Carpenter, S., 135 Coghill, D. R., 28 Diener, C., 366 Einstein, G. O., 249 Fields, H., 163
Carpenter, W., 541 Cohen, G., 415 D Diener, E., 366 Eisen, M. R., 172 Fields, R. D., 268
Carranza, E., 418 Cohen, J. S., 356 Diesendruck, G., 263 Eisenberg, D., 90 Fillmore, M. T., 178
Carreiras, M., 7 Cohen, N., 488, 489 Dackis, C. A., 330 Dietrich, K., 381 Eisenberger, R., 350 Fimrite, P., 528
Carskadon, M. A., 162 Cohen, N. J., 246 Dagostino, M., 60 Dietz-Uhler, B., 592 Eisenstadt, D., 589 Fink, G., 483
Carstensen, L., 415 Cohen, S., 488 Dallman, M. F., 330 Digman, J. M., 468 Ekman, P., 360, 364, Fink, P., 520
Carstensen, L. L., 244 Coie, J. D., 396 Dalman, C., 539 Dijksterhuis, A., 135 Finke, R. A., 310
Carter, O. L., 180 Colangelo, N., 289 Damasio, A., 318, 412 DiLalla, L. F., 396 367, 371 Finkelhor, D., 400
Cartwright, R., 160 Cole, S. O., 186 Damasio, H., 75 DiLillo, D., 603 Elaad, E., 371 Finkelstein, E. A., 334
Cartwright, R. D., 163 Cole, Y., 586 Dambro, M. R., 381 Dinnel, D. L., 522 Elbogen, E. B., 516 Finn, J. D., 349
Caruso, E., 583 Coles, M. E., 518, 525 Damon, W., 412, 414 Di Salvo, S., 481 Elias, M., 289, 386, 387, Finney, M. L., 496
Caspi, A., 33, 441, 465 Coles, M. G. H., 73 Danckert, J., 79 Dittmann, M., 558 First, M. B., 513
Cassady, J. C., 6, 7 Coles, R., 417 Dandoy, A. C., 483 Dixon, W. A., 490 416, 491 Fischer, J. S., 377
Casselman, A., 241 Collins, W. A., 382 Daniszewski, J., 346 Dobbs, D., 362, 363, 365, Elkind, D., 390 Fischman, J., 47
Castellitto, L. M., 592 Colom, R., 282, 284 Dapretto, M., 6 Ellenbogen, J. M., 269 Fisher, H., 419, 420
Cattell, R., 462 Colwell, K., 371 Darley, J. M., 595 600 Ellezam, B., 49 Fisher, J. E., 559
Caulkins, J. P., 175 Comarow, A., 113, 308 Darwin, C., 360, 364 Dobelle, W., 114 Elliot, A. J., 349 Fiske, S., 582
Cavanagh, J. T. O., 427 Connor, J. M., 416 Davey, M., 509 Dobson, K. S., 524, 564, Elliott, D., 337 Fiske, S. T., 31, 331, 333
Caverly, D. C., 20, 21 Connor, L., 572 Davidson, G. R., 272 Ellison, P. T., 408 FitzGerald, G. J., 330
C’de Baca, J., 470 Cook, D., 9 Davidson, J. R. T., 491 568, 571, 575 Ellsworth, P. C., 361 Fitzgerald, L. F., 605
Ceci, S. J., 291 Cook, G., 226 Davidson, P. S. R., 255 Doctoroff, G. L., 298, 299 Emery, R. E., 400, 401 Flagg, E. J., 7
Celizic, M., 481 Cook, R. J., 74 Davies, I. R. L., 319 Dodge, K. A., 396, 604 Emmorey, K., 71 Fleisher, D. R., 195
Centers for Disease Coonan, C., 591 Davis, D., 250, 251 Doepke, K. J., 8 Ende, G., 535 Fletcher, G., 419
Cooper, P. J., 148 Davis, J., 186, 409 Dolan, B., 49 Endler, N. S., 7 Fletcher, G. J. O., 419,
Control (CDC), 29, Cooper, R. T., 298 Davis, J. L., 401 Dolan, M., 377 Engeler, E., 345
105, 334, 337, 345, Cooper, Z., 353 Davis, J. M., 541, 542 Dolan, R. J., 80, 247, Ennett, S. T., 187 420
381, 409, 414, 426 Copeland, L., 593 Davis, K., 540 Epel, E., 424 Flett, G. L., 548
Cerone, D., 213 Corbett, G. G., 319 Davis, M., 503 268, 362 Epley, N., 135 Flippo, R. F., 3, 7, 20, 21
Cha, A. E., 478 Corbett, S., 346 Davis, O. S. P., 292 Doland, A., 51 Epstein, L., 156 Flores, S. A., 603
Chaiken, S., 590 Coren, S., 137 Davis, R., 430 Dolder, C. R., 542 Epstein, R., 343 Flynn, C., 581, 592
Chambless, D. L., 559 Corey, G., 549, 560, 561 Davison, G. C., 517, 556, Domhoff, G. W., 160, 161 Erard, M., 312 Flynn, J. R., 294
Chamorro-Premuzic, Cormier, S., 567 Domino, G., 310 Erdberg, P., 451 Foa, E. B., 519
T., 9, 33 Cosmides, L., 69 566 Donat, P. L. N., 605 Erdmann, J., 112 Foer, J., 243
Chan, B. L., 58 Costa, P. T., Jr., 441, 463, Dawood, K., 343 Donderi, D. C., 126 Erez, E., 471 Fogel, D. B., 308
Chance, P., 196 Dean, P. J. A., 129 Dorn, L. D., 408 Erickson, Milton, 173 Folkman, S., 495
Chapell, M. S., 7 465, 468 DeAngelis, T., 14, 17, 353 Douglas, E. M., 400 Ericsson, K. A., 289 Fombonne, E., 3
Charkalis, D. M., 320 Courchesne, E., 4 De Araujo, I., 330 Dove, 337 Erikson, E., 417 Fonagy, P., 537, 563
Charmoli, R., 589 Covington, M. V., 587 Deary, I. J., 287, 299 Dowling, C. G., 267 Esch, T., 176 Food and Drug
Charney, D., 534 Cowings, P. S., 105 deCharms, R. C., 233 Downar, J., 541, 542 Espiard, M., 180
Chaudri, O., 335 Cowley, G., 485, 534 Deci, E. L., 331, 350 Downs, M. F., 298 Eva, K. W., 20 Administration
Chavez, S., 218 Coyne, J. C., 548 Deckro, G. R., 486 Drisko, J. W., 571 Evans, R. B., 13, 196 (FDA), 608
Chavira, D. A., 449 Coyne, S. M., 230 DeCurtis, A., 305, 310 Drolet, G., 55 Exner, J. E., Jr., 451 Forde, E. M. E., 307
Chellappah, N. K., 205 CPO, 359 Deffenbacher, J., 605 Drummond, S. P. A., 151 Eysenck, M. W., 246, Forero, J., 177
Chemers, M. M., 10, 460 Crabbe, J., 468 De Fruyt, F., 467 DuBois, D. L., 416 Forgas, J. P., 586
Cheng, K., 229 Craik, F. I. M., 249, 267 de Grott, J. M., 497 Dudley, D., 60, 461 271, 275 Foroud, T., 183
Cheng, M., 47, 48 Craik, F. M., 268 DeGue, S., 603 Duenwald, M., 502 Ezzat, D., 591 Forster, J., 585
Chess, S., 384 Cramer, P., 437 Dehaene-Lambertz, G., Duffy, J., 155 Ezzell, C., 426 Forzano, L. B., 29
Chiavegatto, S., 55 Craske, M. G., 500 Dugatkin, L. E., 228 Foster, R. G., 150
Chiou, W., 597 Crawford, M., 342 315 Dull, R. T., 603 F Fotopoulou, A., 441, 563
Chiu, A., 407 Crea, J., 176 DeKeukelaere, L., 495 Dunn, A. L., 547 Foulkes, D., 161
Chokroverty, S., 163 Creed, F., 486 Delgado, M. R., 219 DuPaul, G., 39 Fabiano, G., 39 Fox, D. S., 3, 6
Chomsky, N., 313 Crenson, M., 552 DeLisi, L. E., 540 Durand, V. M., 344, 512, Fabrigar, L. R., 588 Fox, J., 141
Chorost, M., 115 Crepeau, M., 350 Dell, K., 430 Fackelmann, K., 487 Fox, M. J., 60, 61, 461
Chou, K. L., 75, 80 Creswell, J., 418 Dellorto, D., 141 518, 520, 546 Fackelmann, K. A., 55 Foxhall, K., 189
Christakis, D. A., 316 Crews, F., 411, 441 Delude, C. M., 71 Durrett, C., 463 Fagan, J. F., 291 Francis, L. A., 460
Christakis, N. A., 488 Crick, Francis, 49 De Martino, B., 318 Durso, F. T., 226 Falck, R. S., 181 Frank, D. A., 381
Christensen, D., 29, 352 Crooks, R., 425 Dement, W. C., 147, 153, Duyme, M., 293 Falk, D., 297 Frank, M. C., 321
Christman, M. F., 336 Crow, T. J., 538 Dviri, M., 471 Faller, A., 338 Frank, M. G., 156
Chu, J. A., 545 Cruz, C., 407 157 Dyck, D. G., 538 Fann, J. R., 542 Franklin, M. E., 519
Chua, H. F., 135 Csernansky, J. G., 542 Dennerstein, L., 425 Fanous, A. H., 539 Franks, C. M., 568
Chumlea, W. C., 408 Csikszentmihalyi, M., DeNoon, D. J., 60, 519, E Farah, M. J., 79 Franz, V. H., 132
Church, M. A., 349 Faraone, S. V., 32 Fraser, C., 591
Chwalisz, K., 360 446 608 Eagle, M. N., 562 Farber, B. A., 491 Frazier, K., 371
Cialdini, R. B., 590, 593 Cuijpers, P., 187 DePetrillo, P., 183 Eagly, A. H., 341, 342, Fayek, A., 9 Fredricks, J. A., 331
Clark, D. M., 564 Cullen, L. T., 418, 474, Depue, B. E., 269 Fechner, G., 121 Fredrickson, M., 206
Clark, L. A., 513, 515 Dere, E., 248 395, 399, 418, 590 Federal Bureau of Free, C., 366
Clarke, A. D. B., 298 475, 478 De Rivera, J., 251 Easterlin, R. A., 366 Freed, C., 60
Clarke, A. M., 298 Cummings, J. L., 75, 76 Derlega, V. J., 585 Ebbinghaus, H., 264 Investigation (FBI), Freedman, R. R., 501
Clay, R. A., 446 Cunitz, A. R., 245 Derrig-Palumbo, K., 571 Ebrecht, M., 488 523 Freedom Writers, 446
Clements, A. M., 396 Cunningham, C., 31 DeRubeis, R. J., 564 Eccles, J. S., 331, 460 Feingold, B. R., 28, 29 Freeman, A., 549
Cleveland, H. H., 349 Cunningham, F. G., 379, DesMarchais, J. E., 20 Eckes, T., 395, 396, 418 Fenly, L., 24 Frensch, P. A., 149
Clifford, B. R., 275 Desmond, J. E., 77 Edelman, G. M., 149 Ferber, S., 79 Freud, S., 160, 173, 434,
380, 381 Despopoulos, A., 98 Eden, G., 320 Ferguson, D. P., 274, 582 555, 561, 562
Curtiss, S., 316 Deuschl, G., 61 Edenberg, H. J., 183 Fergusson, D. M., 186
Cynkar, A., 14 Deutsch, G., 84 Edinger, J. D., 162, 575 Fernando, P., 567
Devine, P. G., 584, 590 Eggen, D., 176 Fernando, S., 522
De Vogli, R., 497 Eggers, C., 353

692 N A M E I N D E X

Freyd, J. J., 310 Gibbs, N., 369, 377, 523 Granvold, D. K., 549 Hamilton, B., 359 Herman, C. P., 337 HRSDC, 20
Frick, W. B., 333 Gibson, B. M., 229 Gravetter, F. J., 29 Hamilton, M. A., 588 Herman, L., 322 HRW, 218
Fried, S., 336 Gibson, E. J., 382 Gray, K., 112 Hamm, A. O., 365 Herman, W. E., 349 Hser, Y. I., 179
Friedman, H. S., 496 Gigone, D., 598 Greatley, A., 516 Han, S., 127 Herr, N., 602 HSPH, 232
Friedman, J. H., 75, 80 Gilbert, A., 106 Greco, L. A., 449 Hancock, L., 35 Herrnstein, R. J., 290, Hsu, C., 334
Friedman, J. M., 352 Gilbert, K., 155 Greely, H., 189 Hansen, J. T., 10 Hu, H., 247
Friedman, M., 496 Giles, J., 297 Green, J. P., 173 Hanson, D. J., 187 294, 296 Huang, C., 59
Friedman, R., 139 Gill, P., 281 Greenberg, J., 497 Hanson, G. R., 176, 181, Herry, C., 201 Hubbard, E. M., 77, 144
Friedman, R. A., 524 Gilligan, C., 412 Greenberg, L. S., 564 Hersen, M., 510, 512 Hubel, David, 97
Friedman, S., 137 Gillman, M., 336 Greenberg, R., 160, 561 186 Herz, R., 107, 210 Huesmann, L. R., 602
Friend, T., 31, 221, 491 Giltay, E. J., 495 Greene, B., 352 Hao, J., 77 Hesse-Biber, S. N., 591 Huggins, L. E., 175
Friess, S., 340 Giorgi, A., 10 Greene, J. D., 412 Harden, K. P., 409 Heussler, H. S., 163 Hulbert, A., 289
Frieswick, K., 478 Gitlin, M. J., 534, 535 Greenfield, P. M., 291 Harder, B., 381 Hewstone, M., 596 Humane Society, 41
Frijda, N., 359 Gladwell, M., 289, 302, Greensite, G., 603 Hardin, C., 319 HHMI, 99 Humayun, M., 114
Fristad, M. A., 427 Greenwald, A. G., 135 Hardy, J. B., 291 Hibbert, K., 189 Humphreys, G. W., 127,
Fritz, C., 491 450, 478 Gregory, R. L., 128 Hareli, S., 348 Hickey, E. W., 509, 536,
Fritz, S., 140 Glantz, M. D., 174 Griffiths, R., 178, 180 Harmon, A., 330 307
Fritz, T., 367 Glanzer, M., 245 Grigorenko, R., 297 Harmon Jones, C., 589 552 Hunt, M., 296
Fromme, K., 183 Glass, R. M., 535 Grimaldi, J. V., 511 Harmon-Jones, E., 7, 589 Hickman, G., 413 Husain, M. M., 535
Fryer, R., 329, 348 Glasser, M., 401 Grimes, W., 332 Harrington, P., 463 Hickner, J., 111 Huskinson, T. L. H., 588
Fryer, S. L., 381 Glassman, W. E., 13 Grimm, O., 330, 352 Harris, G. C., 55 Hidalgo, R. B., 491 Hutchinson, C., 506
Fuller, R. K., 189 Glausiusz, J., 107 Grinker, R., 11 Harris, J. C., 316, 556 Higbee, K. L., 254 Hutchinson, K. E., 188
Funder, D. C., 464, 468 Gleick, E., 537 Grogan, B., 596 Harris, J. M., 129 Higgins, D. M., 33 Hwang, C. P., 205
Furnham, A., 33 Glenberg, A. M., 20 Grosinger, P. C., 51 Harris, J. R., 404 Higgins, E. S., 175 Hyde, J. S., 412
Furumoto, L., 14 Gliatto, T., 141 Gross, A. M., 207 Hart, B., 351 Higgins, E. T., 460 H¢ybye, M. T., 497
Fuster, J., 363 Glick, P., 340, 341 Grossman, C. L., 427 Hart, F., 316 Hilbert, A., 353
Glisky, E. L., 255 Grossman, L., 302, 418 Hartel, C. R., 174 Hill, A., 58 I
G Godlasky, A., 101 Groth-Marnat, G., 450, Hartmann, P., 475 Hill, C. E., 564
Goff, D., 542 Hartwell, S., 557 Hill, D. E., 35 Iacoboni, M., 6, 64, 224
Gaab, N., 320 Gokturk, D., 231 451 Harvey, G. A., 491, 519 Hill, J. O., 334, 352 Iacono, W. G., 370
Gabbard, G. O., 434, 563 Golberstein, E., 558 Gruen, J. R., 320 Harzem, P., 13 Hiller-Sturmhofel, S., IANS, 520
Gabrieli, J., 449 Goldberg, C., 552 Grunbaum, A., 435 Haseltine, E., 371 IANSA, 523
Gadzikowski, A., 326 Goldberg, R., 124, 174, Gruwell, E., 446 Haselton, M., 339, 342 189 Ignelzi, R. J., 31, 105
Gaillard, R., 97 Guarente, L., 424 Hasin, D. S., 182 Hillier, C., 39 IHGSC, 48, 68
Galambos, N. L., 410 180 Guastello, S. J., 475 Haslinger, K., 31 Hilts, P. H., 246 Ilmberger, J., 307
Gale, C. R., 459 Goldberger, L., 491 Guevremont, D. C., 207, Hastie, R., 598 Himmelreich, C., 67 Innes, S. I., 112
Gallagher, R. P., 486 Goldfried, M. R., 566 Hatcher, T., 400 Hingson, R., 183 Irwin, C. E., 411
Galliano, G., 396 Goldin-Meadow, S., 316 502, 503, 566, 568 Hatfield, R. L., 419 Hinshaw, S., 418 Irwin, M. R., 156, 157
Gallin, P. F., 95 Goldsmith, H. H., 384, Guilford, J. P., 310 Hathaway, W., 156 Hinshaw, S. P., 601 Irwing, P., 463
Gallopin, T., 157 Guilleminault, C., 162 Hauk, O., 76 Hirshey, G., 532, 533 ISC, 539
Galovski, T. E., 602 387 Gunderman, R. B., 127 Hauser, M., 323, 412 Hirshkowitz, M., 156 Iversen, L. L., 176, 186
Galton, F., 284 Goldsmith, L. A., 6 Gunn, E. P., 478 Hawk, T., 213 Hitti, M., 144, 608 Izard, C. E., 364
Gamer, M., 371 Goldstein, A. G., 483 Gupta, S., 162, 178 Hayes, C. H., 229 Hobart, A., 572
Gangestad, S., 582 Goldstein, E. B., 95, 97, Gura, T., 9, 336 Hayes, K. J., 229 Hobson, J. A., 161 J
Gangestad, S. W., 339, Gurin, J., 487 Hayne, H., 264 Hobson, K., 189
98, 103, 104, 106, 121, Gurung, R. A. R., 20 Haynes, J., 441 Hoff, E., 305, 314 Jackendoff, R., 316
342 124, 133, 247, 269 Gustavson, C. R., 200 Haynes, S. G., 496 Hoffman, C., 319 Jacks, J. Z., 590
Ganong, W. F., 107 Goldstein, M. Z., 425 Guterl, F., 149, 441 Head, L. S., 207 Hoffman, G. A., 111 Jackson, R. L., 370
Garbarini, N., 241 Goldstein, N. J., 593 Gutgesell, M. E., 407 Healy, B., 101, 334, 409 Hoffman, H. G., 578 Jackson, S. J., 29
Garcia, J., 200 Goldstein, S., 394 Guthrie, J. P., 155 Healy, M., 121 Hofmann, S. G., 202 Jacob, T. J. C., 107
Garcia-Rill, E., 157 Goleman, D., 369, 487 Guthrie, R. V., 14 Healy, M. C., 451 Hoge, C. W., 487 Jaffee, S., 412
Gardner, A., 181, 323 Golub, A., 180 Gutierrez, D., 278 Healy, S. D., 229 Hogg, K., 395 James, W., 360
Gardner, B., 323 Gomes, H., 241 Gwyer, P., 275 Hechtman, L., 29 Hohne, E. A., 314 Jamison, K. R., 311
Gardner, E., 417 Goode, E., 289, 547 Hedden, T., 135 Hokanson, J. E., 549 Jang, K. L., 446, 463
Gardner, H., 78, 282, Goodstein, L., 450 H Heflin, L. J., 4 Holahan, C. K., 289 Janis, I., 598
Goodwin, F. K., 534 Hegarty, P., 289 Holden, C., 60, 284, 540 Jankovic, J., 60
283, 286, 296, 310 Goodwin, J., 239 Haake, M., 113 Heider, F., 585 Holland, C. R., 291 Janofsky, M., 187
Gardner, R., 290 Gordon, B., 415 Hadad, M., 13 Heilman, K. M., 360 Hollon, S. D., 534 Janus, C. L., 34
Garfield, S. L., 557 Gordon, R. G., 312 Hadders-Algra, M., 383 Heilman, M. E., 584 Holloway, J. D., 605 Janus, S. S., 34
Garrido-Nag, K., 316 Gordon-Larsen, P., 334 Haddock, G., 588, 590 Heiman, J. R., 344 Holmes, M., 517 Japenga, A., 516
Garry, M., 273 Gorman, C., 51, 320, Haggard, T., 433, 436 Helgeson, V. S., 418 Holroyd, C. B., 73 Jardin, X., 578
Gaw, A. C., 546 381, 394 Haglund, K., 353 Hellmich, N., 334, 337 Holt-Lunstad, J., 497 Jarrett, C., 337
Gazzaniga, M. S., 86, 87 Gostout, B., 608 Hahn, C., 534 Helmes, E., 17 Honey, R. C., 196 Jarriel, T., 377
Geeraerts, D., 306 Gottesman, I. I., 539 Haislip, G., 39 Helmuth, L., 361, 419 Hong, Y., 321 Jayson, S., 418, 420, 582
Gehlert, H., 58 Gottfredson, L. S., 283, Halbreich, U., 481, 517 Helson, R., 311 Honorton, C., 138, 139 Jefferson, D. J., 176
Geiger, D., 156, 157 289 Hales, D., 495 Helwig, C. C., 412 Honts, C. R., 371 Jensen, A. R., 294
Gelbard-Sagiv, H., 268 Gottman, J. M., 420, 422 Haliburn, J., 426 Helwig-Larsen, M., 495 Hooker, C. I., 80 Jensen, M. P., 173
Geliebter, A., 70 Gould, R. A., 272 Hall, G., 200 Helzer, J. E., 185 Hoover, E., 9, 21 Jenson, A. R., 282
Geller, L., 333 Gould, S. J., 85, 284, 290, Hall, H. A., 584 Hemphill, J. F., 32 Hoover, N. C., 592 Joffe, J. M., 516
Gelles, K., 182 294, 296 Hall, L. J., 4, 113 Henderson, W. C., 430 Hooyman, N., 425 Johnsen, B. H., 205
Gendreau, P. L., 396 Govern, J. M., 331, 332, Hall, W., 186 Hendy, H. M., 219 Horgan, J., 440, 441 Johnsen, T. B., 205
George, M., 535 348 Halpern, D., 321 Herdt, G., 409 Horne, A., 9 Johnson, A., 591
Geraerts, E., 250, 251 Grady, D., 121 Halpern, D. F., 84, 85, Hergenhahn, B. R., Horne, J. A., 178 Johnson, C. R., 218
Gerl, E. J., 99 Graham, J. R., 475 Horng, B., 518, 525 Johnson, D., 400
Gerlach, D., 345 Graham, L. O., 581 396, 475 12, 49 Horowitz, J. M., 356 Johnson, J. G., 602
Gershoff, E. T., 233 Graham, S., 586 Halpern, J. H., 59 Herida, P., 454 Horsburgh, S., 288 Johnson, K., 371
Gerwig, M., 73, 201 Gramling, C., 84 Halpern, S., 49 Hering, Ewald, 99 Howard, J. A., 584 Johnson, L. C., 157
Giacopassi, D. J., 603 Grandin, T., 24 Ham, P., 482 Herkenham, M., 55 Howard, M. S., 385 Johnson, N., 186
Giannotti, F., 155 Grant, A., 71 Hamann, S. B., 268, 362 Howe, M. L., 264 Johnson, R. E., 6, 7
Grant, P., 568 Hamer, D., 601
N A M E I N D E X 693

Johnson, S., 485 Kerr, N. L., 592 Kordower, J. H., 60 Lehrer, J., 318 Locke, J. L., 314 Marcus, D. K., 582
Johnson, S. C., 516 Kershaw, S., 418 Koren, G., 380 Lehrman, S., 135 Locke, S. F., 542 Marcus, M. B., 380
Johnson, V. E., 344, 425 Kershaw, T. C., 309 Koriat, A., 267 Leibel, R. L., 336 Lockhart, R. S., 249 Marcus, S. C., 534
Johnston, V., 582 Kessler, R. C., 188, 516, Kornack, D. R., 49 Leinwand, D., 179, 181 Loehlin, J. C., 294, 461, Mardon, S., 156
Jones, D., 586 Korzus, E., 269 Leippe, M. R., 589 Mareschal, D., 307
Jones, E., 174, 349 517, 546 Kotulak, R., 408, 414 Leitzell, K., 48, 314 466, 467, 468 Marinkovic, K., 73
Jones, S. R., 540 Keysers, C., 369 Kotz, D., 334, 356, 380, Leland, J., 343, 356 Lo us, E. F., 250, 251, Marsa, L., 573
Joseph, S., 460 Khantzian, E. J., 188 Lemerise, E. A., 604 Marschall, J., 163
Jourdan, A., 564 Khatri, N., 564, 571 608 Lemley, B., 141, 144, 495 258, 275 Marsh, A. A., 367
Juang, L., 11 Khawam, E. A., 534 Kovács, M., 313 Lemonick, M. D., 175, Lo us, G. R., 275 Marshall, G. N., 491, 519
Judd, H. L., 425 Kiecolt-Glaser, J., 488 Kozel, F., 371 Lohman, D. F., 308 Martelli, M. F., 112
Judge, T. A., 418, 583 Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Kozin, M., 255 178, 189, 255, 278 Long, J. D., 8 Martens, W. H. J., 552
Julien, R. M., 178 Kra , U., 3, 151 Lenox, R. H., 534 Lonsway, K., 457, 462 Martin, A., 263
Junod, R. E. V., 35 486, 488 Krakovsky, M., 367 Lenzer, J., 488 Lonsway, K. A., 605 Martin, C. L., 340, 395,
Jusczyk, P. W., 314 Kiedis, A., 179 Kramer, M., 160, 161 Leo, J., 466 Lopes, P. N., 369
Just, M., 148 Kiernan, J. A., 79, 97 Kramer, M. S., 33 Leonard, W., 334 Lopez, N., 442 396
Kihlstrom, J. F., 149, 544 Krause, J., 323 Leopold, J. A., 47 Lord, C., 232 Martin, G. L., 574
K Killen, M., 412 Kringelbach, M. L., 61 Lepage, J. F., 224 Lorenz, K., 228, 330 Martin, J. K., 516
Kim, D., 49 Krug, K. S., 255 Lepper, M. R., 350 Losen, D., 290 Martin, L., 319
Kabot, S., 232 Kincaid, S., 121 Kubovy, M., 127 Lerner, R. M., 410 Lothane, Z., 435 Martin, P. D., 497
Kagan, J., 384, 386, 387, Kindt, M., 278 Kulik, J., 255 Lesch, K. P., 183 Lovaas, O. I., 232 Martin, S. P., 156
Kinetz, E., 520 Kupecky, R. M., 377 Leshner, A. I., 188 Low, A., 263 Marziali, E., 497
449, 510 King, A., 16, 21 Kuriki, I., 132 Leslie, L., 27 Loy, I., 200 Mash, E. J., 604
Kakko, J., 179 King, F. A., 41 Kurtz, E., 470 Lessmoellmann, A., 316 Luan, P. K., 510 Mashour, G. A., 75
Kalat, J. W., 41, 330, 339, King, L. A., 495 Kurtz, P., 138 Leventhal, H., 496 Lubinski, D., 289 Maslach, C., 491
King, M. C., 294 Levesque, M. F., 61 Luborsky, E. B., 560, 562 Maslow, A., 10, 332, 443,
601 King, S., 433 L Levine, J. M., 592 Luborsky, L., 559, 563,
Kalb, C., 3, 11, 278 Kinsbourne, M., 29, Levine, S., 603 472, 596
Kalimo, R., 162 LaBar, K. S., 201 Levinson, D. F., 533, 539 571 Mass, E., 106
Kamil, A. C., 229 36, 39 Lacey, M., 346 Levitsky, D., 334 Luders, E., 85 Masters, C., 371
Kandel, E., 269, 441 Kinsey, A. C., 34 LaFee, S., 113 Levy, D., 11 Luna, B., 411, 412, 523 Masters, W. H., 344, 425
Kandel, E. R., 240, 246, Kinsman, M., 418 LaFrance, M., 367 Levy, J., 87 Lupart, J. L., 349 Mastro, J., 322
Kirk, M. S., 110 Lake, D. F., 51 Lewin, R., 322, 323 Luszczynska, A., 460 Matheny, L., 79
248, 255, 268, 441 Kirkcaldy, B. D., 494 Lalich, J., 556 Lewin, T., 34 Lutz, B., 55 Mather, M., 244
Kanner, L., 11 Kirmayer, L. J., 522 LaLumiere, R. T., 177 Lewis, A., 484 Luxton, D. D., 574 Maton, K. I., 14
Kantowitz, B. H., 123 Kirp, D. L., 298 Lalwani, A. K., 101 Lewis, A. J., 562 Lykken, D. T., 366 Matson, J. L., 216
Kantrowitz, B., 442 Kirsch, I., 171, 172, 173 Lam, R., 159 Lewis, J. W., 307 Lyle, L., 39 Matsuda, L. A., 186
Kaplan, D., 449 Kirschenbaum, H., 564 Lamb, N., 231 Lewis, M., 381 Lynam, D. R., 187 Matsumoto, D., 11, 360,
Kaplan, R. M., 286, 287, Kirsner, D., 563 Lamberg, L., 150, 177 Lewis, M. H., 6 Lynch, D. J., 7
Kirtland, C., 148 Lambert, G. W., 159 Lewis-Fernandez, R., Lynn, A. L., 214 364, 367
290, 291, 348, 450, Klaasen, M. A., 198, 205 Lambert, M. J., 559 Lynn, S. J., 171, 172, 173, Matthews, G., 349, 464
451, 474, 475 Kleijn, W. C., 10 Lane, S. M., 275 520, 522 Matthews, K. A., 496
Kapur, S., 541, 542 Klein, C. T. F., 495 Lanfranco, F., 339 Li, T. K., 183 251, 265 Mattingley, J. B., 362,
Karau, S. J., 395 Klein, D. N., 533 Langdridge, D., 586 Libby, L. K., 275 Lyon, L., 344, 356, 430,
Karlin, S., 345 Klein, R., 323 Langlois, J., 582 Liberman, N., 585, 586 365, 369
Karussis, D., 51 Klein, S. B., 219 Langlois, J. H., 582 Lie, H., 582 497 Mauro, J., 451
Kassebaum, N. L., 299 Kleitman, N., 147, 153 Langman, P., 523 Lieberman, D. A., 197, Lyon, R., 320 Mauss, I., 367, 374
Kassis, I., 51 Klich, L. Z., 272 Lanyado, M., 9 Lyons, K. E., 61 Max, D. T., 332
Kato, M., 157 Klingberg, G., 205 Largo-Wight, E., 499 200, 201 Maxfield, L., 573
Katz, J., 58, 112 Klinger, E., 148 Larivee, S., 391 Lieberman, J. A., 542 M May, R., 573
Kaufman, A. S., 287, 291 Klomegah, R. Y., 289 Larsen, J. T., 360 Liebers, V., 353 Mayberg, H. S., 533
Kaufman, J., 401 Kluger, J., 29, 61, 334, Larson, C., 47, 50 Liebert, R. M., 445 Maathai, W., 457 Mayer, J., 318
Kaufman, J. C., 311 Larson, E., 350 Liebowitz, M. R., 525 Maccoby, E. E., 401 Mayer, J. D., 369
Kaufman, L., 132, 219 335, 336, 352, 371, Larsson, H., 552 Lilienfeld, S. O., 171, Macfarlane, A. J., 382 Mayes, A. R., 563
Kaufman, M., 178, 501, 413, 449, 465, 536, Latané, B., 595, 597 Macht, M., 337 Mayford, M., 269
608 546 Latham, G. P., 309 445, 517, 534, 537, MacInnis, L., 346 Mayo Clinic, 337, 426,
Kavoussi, R. J., 537 Knight, R. A., 603 Laumann, E. O., 344 545, 552, 573 Mack, J. E., 188
Kaye, W., 353 Knight, S. M., 492 Laumann-Billings, L., Lilly, John, 148 MacLachlan, M., 58 427
Kazdin, A., 491 Knowlton, B. J., 307 Lincoln, T. M., 525 Macnee, C. L., 490 Mayr, E., 69
Kazdin, A. E., 233 Knutson, J. R., 401 400, 401 Lindsay, J. J., 602 MacQueen, G., 489 Mazure, C. M., 533
Kearins, J. M., 272 Knutson, K. L., 157 Laurence, R. P., 464 Lindstrom, M., 107, 210 Macrae, C. N., 584 Mazziotta, J. C., 64
Keck, G. C., 377 Ko, A. H., 206 Lauriello, J., 542 Lindström, P., 343 Maddi, S. R., 494 Mcallister, H. A., 586
Keck, P. E., 534 Kobasa, S. C., 494 Law, A. J., 539 Linehan, M., 536 Madeley, G., 250, 251 McAuliffe, K., 415
Keefe, F. J., 172 Kobayashi, M., 6 Laws, K. R., 181 Ling, G., 591 Madsen, M. V., 113 McCabe, S., 490
Keefe, R. S. E., 541 Koch, C., 544 Lazar, S. W., 503 Linnenbrink-Garcia, Maehr, M. L., 348 McCall, R. B., 349
Keenan, K., 395 Koch, W., 178 Lazarus, A. A., 207 L., 331 Magidoff, R., 378 McCarry, J., 177
Keeney, B., 572 Koenig, J., 603 Lazarus, R. S., 361, 481, Linville, P. W., 587 Magnusson, A., 159 McCarthy, T., 71
Keiser, R. E., 348 Koenigs, M., 318 Lipkin, R., 98 Mahoney, M. J., 49 McClain, D. L., 308
Keisler, B. D., 178 Koh, M. T., 200 482, 499, 502 Lipkins, S., 592 Maier, S. R., 489 McClearn, G. E., 293,
Kelley, H., 585 Kohlberg, L., 412 Lazoritz, M., 6 Lipton, F. R., 557 Maio, G. R., 588, 590
Kelley, W. M., 366 Köhler, W., 226 Leaper, C., 395 Lipton, S. D., 560 Maisto, S. A., 124 446
Kelly, D., 283 Kohn, D., 181 LeDoux, J., 362 Liska, K., 181 Maki, R. H., 7 McClelland, D. C., 348
Keltner, D., 360, 365 Kokkalis, J., 181 Lee, C., 205 Lithwick, D., 274 Malcolm-Smith, S., 161 McClelland, J. L., 262
Kemeny, M. C., 486 Kolata, G., 68, 334, 345 Lee, C. W., 573 Litt, M. D., 205 Maldonado, P. E., 79 McClure, S. M., 210
Kemmer, S., 113 Kolb, B., 360 Lee, M. R., 59 Liu, Z., 33 Malle, B. F., 586 McConnell, E. S., 187
Kendler, K. S., 175, 343, Kong, J., 113 Lee, R., 523 Livingston, B. A., 418 Malone, F. G., 380 McConnell, J. V., 135
533 Koontz, N. A., 127 Lee-Chiong, T., 149, Livneh, H., 459 Mandavilli, A., 47 McCrae, R., 463
Kennedy, D. V., 8 Koopman, J. M., 345 Lobaugh, N. J., 312 Manderscheid, R. W., 557 McCrae, R. R., 441, 463,
Kenrick, D. T., 396, 418 Kopp, C. B., 364, 384 150, 162 Lochman, J. E., 604 Mann, D., 509
Kenworthy, J. B., 586 Koppelstaetter, K., 189 Leedham, B., 495 Locke, E. A., 309 Mansvelder, D. D., 178 465, 468
Kerns, R., 112 Legrand, L. N., 183 Maratsos, M., 79 McCrea, S. M., 21
Marchetti, S., 597 McDaniel, M. A., 249,

267, 284

694 N A M E I N D E X

McDermott, K. B., 251, Miller, M. A., 490 Murray, S. L., 416 Noriyuki, D., 449 Panksepp, J., 362 Pisano, E. D., 121
255, 266, 275 Miller, M. C., 496, 513 Murray, S. O., 79 Norman, D. A., 241, 262 Pantelis, C., 540 Pi-Sunyer, X., 337
Miller, N., 586 Musacchia, G., 326 Norris, R. L., 31 Parens, E., 446 Pittman, J. F., 401
McDougall, W., 330 Miller, R., 424 Musek, J., 463 Norton, M. I., 160 Park, A., 210, 258 Pittman, M., 4
McDowell, J., 462 Miller, R. W., 582 Musto, D. F., 174, 182 Norungolo, D., 183 Parker, E. S., 254 Pizarro, D. A., 369
McEachin, J. J., 232 Miller, W. R., 470 Mydans, S., 337 Noseworthy, J. H., 51 Parker, G., 537 Plagnol, A. C., 366
McEdwards, C., 7 Milling, L. S., 172, 173 Myrtek, M., 496 Nosofsky, R. M., 306 Parmar, P., 346 Plante, T., 440
McElrath, D., 188 Millsom, C., 253 Nour, N., 346 Partonen, T., 159 Pleuvry, B. J., 179
McElroy, S. L., 534 Milrod, B., 562 N Nowak, A., 598 Pascalis, O., 382 Ploghaus, A., 112, 173
McEwen, B. S., 486 Miltenberger, R. G., 232 Nowak, R., 151 Patel, M. R., 216 Plomin, R., 292, 293, 468
McGaugh, J. L., 247, 255 Milton, J., 139 Nagarahole, E. L., 31 NSF, 156 Patrick, C. F., 216 Ployhart, R. E., 585
McGee, C. L., 381 Ming, W., 591 Nagtegaal, J. E., 151 Nunn, J. A., 144 Patrick, C. T., 370 Plug, C., 132
McGilvray, J., 313 Mirsky, A. F., 539 Naimi, T. S., 183 Nurius, P. S., 549, 567 Patrick-Miller, L., 496 Plummer, W., 595
McGirk, T., 471 Mischel, W., 460, 464 Nakayama, E. Y., 564 Nurnberg, H. G., 356 Patterson, D. R., 173 Polaschek, D. L. L., 603
McGowan, K., 278 Mitchell, J. E., 353 NAMH, 548 Nyberg, L., 246, 268 Patterson, T., 141 Polce-Lynch, M., 416
McGowan, P. O., 401 Miyamoto, R. T., 105 NAMHC, 124 Paul, S. M., 535 Poldrack, R. A., 149
McGrath, B. B., 572 Miyamoto, Y., 135, 321 Nangle, D. W., 604 O Paulozzi, L. J., 177 Polivy, J., 337
McGuffin, P., 537 Miyazaki, T., 497 Nash, J. M., 379, 380 Payne, D. G., 275 Pollack, W., 523
McHugh, P., 340 Mjs, O. D., 457 Nash, M. R., 172, 173 OACU, 41 Payne, J. W., 27, 31 Pollard, N. J., 592
McIntosh, A. R., 312 Moe, K. A., 137 Nathan, L., 425 Oates, J., 307 Payne, N., 407 Popp, D., 342
McIntosh, V. V. W., 353 Moffitt, T. E., 537 Nathan, P. E., 559 Oberman, L. M., 64 Peake, P. K., 460, 464 Porth, C. M., 484
McKay, A., 178 Molina, L. E., 14 National Institutes of O’Brien, C. P., 330 Pearce, J. M., 226 Post, R., 311
McKerracher, L., 49 Moller, A. C., 350 O’Callaghan, K., 233 Peele, S., 185 Post, S., 495
McKie, R., 408 Money, J., 341 Health (NIH), 47, 69 Ochoa, L., 442 Pelham, B. W., 490 Postmes, T., 597
McKoon, G., 263 Monk, T. H., 151 National Institutes O’Connor, D. B., 494 Pelham, W. E., 37 Potter, J., 27, 425
Mcnally, G. P., 201 Montgomery, G. H., 172, Odbert, H. S., 462 Pelle, A. J., 496 Poulton, R., 205
McNeil, D. W., 205 of Mental Health Oden, M. H., 289 Peltzer, D., 394 Prather, E. N., 348
McNeill, D., 591 206 (NIMH), 353, 426, O’Donnell, J., 148, 430 Pemberton, R. W., 31 Pray, J. J., 105
McRonald, F. E., 195 Monti, J. M., 73 427, 546, 557, 558 O’Donohue, W., 559 Peng, T., 178, 503 Pray, W. S., 105
McVeigh, K., 275 Montoya, A. G., 181 NCI, 206 O’Driscoll, P., 509 Penley, J. A., 499 Prentice, D. A., 418
McWhorter, J. H., 348 Moore, D. W., 138 Neale, J. M., 517, 556 OECD, 337 Penn, H. E., 70 Preston, R., 302
Means, M. K., 575 Moore, R. Y., 157 Neath, I., 245, 267 Oesterle, S., 44 Pennebaker, J. W., 548 Pretz, J. E., 283
Mechelli, A., 77 Moran, M., 534 Neher, A., 333 Offer, D., 239 Peplau, L. A., 342 Price, D. D., 113
Meck, W. H., 150 Morehouse, W., III, 254 Neimark, J., 254 Ogden, J. A., 67 Perlis, M. L., 162 Price, J., 254
Medway, F., 385 Moreira, F. A., 55 Neisser, U., 275, 289, 294 Ogloff, J. R. P., 537 Perlman, C. A., 160, 561 Price, M., 178, 183
Megargee, E. I., 446 Moreno, J. D., 150 Neitz, J., 98 O’Hara, L. A., 310, 311 Perloff, R. M., 590 Priester, J. R., 590
Mehler, J., 313 Morewedge, C. K., 160 Neitz, M., 98 Ohayon, M. M., 151, 162 Perrin, J. M., 27, 35 Prochaska, J. O., 562,
Meijer, J., 291 Morey, L. C., 537 Nelson, C. A., 293 Ohl, F. W., 115 Persons, J. B., 566
Melamed, S., 491 Morgan, A. B., 537 Nelson, D. L., 180 Ohman, A., 268, 362 Pert, C. B., 179 564
Melzack, R., 58, 112 Morgan, D., 513 Nelson, G., 299 Ojeda, S. R., 340 Perusse, D., 396 Project Match Research
Melzack, Ronald, 58 Morgan, M., 20 Nelson, R. J., 55 Okado, Y., 251 Pesant, N., 160
Memon, A., 275 Morley, S., 112 Nemeroff, C. G., 535 Okimoto, T. G., 584 Pesonen, A. K., 387 Group, 189
Menchetti, M., 516 Morongiello, B. A., 395 Nes, L. S., 495 Olfson, M., 534 Pessoa, L., 242, 243 Pruitt, D. G., 598
Mendelson, J. H., 175, Morral, A. R., 186 Nesse, R. M., 69 Olhsson, S., 309 PET, 31 Pullum, G. K., 319
Morris, M. R., 99 Nestler, E, 366 Ollendick, T. H., 11, 216, Peters, S. L., 445 Purves, D., 7, 55, 58, 70,
176, 177, 179 Morris, T. L., 449 Netting, J., 106 Peterson, K. S., 420
Meng, X., 205 Morrison, A., 41 Neufeld, S. J., 364, 384 559, 604 Peterson, L., 401 71, 76, 79, 81, 150
Menon, V., 77 Morrow, E. M., 3 Neugarten, B., 425 Olshansky, J., 424 Peterson, L. A., 608 Putnam, S., 449
Mercuri, N. B., 60 Morse, J., 183 Neverlien, P. O., 205 Olson, E. A., 274 Peterson, L. R., 242 Pychyl, T. A., 9, 21
Merz, C. N. B., 496 Morsella, E., 441 Neville, H., 298 Olsson, A., 583 Peterson, M. A., 126 Pyryt, M. C., 349
Merzenich, M. M., 229 Mortensen, E. L., 33 Newman, C. F., 534, 546 Olsson, H., 306 Peterson, M. J., 242
Messager, S., 408 Morton, S., 118 Newman, L. S., 582 ONDCP, 175 Petitto, L. A., 316 Q
Mestel, R., 68, 356, 451 Morton, Samuel George, Newman, M. G., 517 O’Neil, J., 178 Petretic-Jackson, P. A.,
Mesulam, M., 78 NHGRI, 69 Onishi, N., 591 Querna, E., 44
Metrebian, N., 179 85 NHTSA, 148 Oostdam, R., 291 401 Quill, E., 582
Meyer, G. J., 450 Mosconi, L., 49 NIAAA, 183 O’Reardon, J. P., 535 Petri, H. L., 331, 332, 348 Quinn, O. W., 539
Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Moscovitch, D. A., 567 NICHD, 3, 385 O’Regan, J. K., 241 Petrides, K. V., 282 Quinn, P. C., 126, 127,
Mosher, W. D., 341 Nichols, B., 427 Orfield, G., 290 Petrides, M., 84
536, 601 Moskowitz, J. T., 495 Nichols, M. P., 233 Ortiz, B., 510 Petrill, S. A., 292, 391 307
Mieda, M., 150 Motulsky, A. G., 294 Nicholson, K., 112 Ortony, A., 360 Petrovic, P., 112 Quirk, G. J., 363
Miesner, M. T., 7 Mozes, A., 141 Nicolelis, M., 58 Osborne, B. J., 79 Petty, R. E., 149, 589, 590
Mieszkowski, K., 178 Muenke, M., 381 Nida, S., 597 Osborne, L., 578 Peverly, S. T., 16 R
Mignot, E., 163 Mueser, K. T., 539, 542 NIDA, 177, 178, 187 Oscar-Berman, M., 73 Pezdek, K., 275
Milgram, N. A., 9 Mukhopadhyay, T. R., 7 Niemi, M., 111 Osofsky, J. D., 602 Phelps, E. A., 362 Rabasca, L., 14, 409, 442,
Milgram, S., 593, 594 Muller, H., 127 Nightingale, Z. C., 204 Ost, L., 199 Piaget, J., 388 446
Milgrom, P., 205 Mullin, B. C., 601 Nikolich, K., 49 Owen, P., 188 Picchioni, D., 163
Milham, M. P., 415 Mullins, L., 61 Nisbet, M., 138, 139 Ozer, D. J., 474 Pierce, B. H., 226 Rabkin, S. W., 173
Miller, A., 593 Mumford, M. D., 474 Nisbett, R., 135, 321 Ozer, E. J., 491 Piliavin, J. A., 595 Rahe, R. H., 490
Miller, A. G., 603 Mungadze, J., 545 Nisbett, R. E., 135, 283, Pillemer, D. B., 255 Rahman, O., 343
Miller, B. L., 75, 76 Munoz, H., 457, 462 321 P Pincus, T., 112 Raine, A., 292, 537, 552,
Miller, C., 419 Munsey, C., 17, 558 Nishizawa, S., 84 Pine, D. S., 481
Miller, F. G., 427 Murat, I., 61 Niyak, H., 425 Paabo, S., 323 Pingitore, R., 583 601
Miller, G., 49, 61, 242, Murphy, B., 471 Niznikiewicz, M. A., Pachana, N. A., 17 Pinker, S., 69, 148, 229, Raine, R., 602
Murray, C., 290, 294, 296 540, 542 Packard, M. G., 149 Rainville, P., 172, 173
243, 339 Murray, C. D., 58 NMI, 29 Page, A. C., 195, 206, 517 292, 312, 314, 315, Rajaratnam, S. M. W.,
Miller, G. E., 488 Murray, H., 450 Noonan, D., 534 Pahwa, R., 61 316, 319, 377, 378, 537
Miller, J., 401 Murray, J. P., 70 Norcross, J. C., 559, 562, Palmer, S., 126 Piomelli, D., 186 151
Miller, J. H., 49 Murray, R. M., 186 564 Palomares, R., 290 Pirko, L., 51 Rakic, P., 49
Miller, K., 481 Norenzayan, A., 321 Pandi-Perumal, S. R., 156 Raloff, J., 107, 335
Miller, M., 233, 524 Rama, A. N., 152
Ramachandran, V. S.,

64, 132, 140, 144,
441, 563
Ramirez-Esparza, N.,
319

N A M E I N D E X 695

RAND, 409 Robinson-Riegler, B., Russell, R., 254 Schnurr, P. P., 491, 519 Shomstein, S., 77 Spalding, K. L., 336
Randi, J., 138 267 Russell, S., 90 Scholer, A. A., 460 Shriver, M., 294 Spanos, N. P., 172, 545
Rapoport, J. L., 519 Rutter, M., 6, 69, 510 Scholte, H. S., 144 Shute, N., 411, 523 Spates, C. R., 573
Rapp, P. E., 371 Rochat, P., 148 Ryan, R. M., 331, 350 Schon, D., 326 Sibbitt, W., 195 Spearman, C., 282
Rapson, E., 419 Rochlen, A. B., 571 Schooler, J. W., 265 Sibold, J., 547 Spears, R., 597
Raskin, N. J., 564 Rock, D. A., 349 S Schorn, D., 239, 243 Sidtis, J. J., 86 Spector, P. E., 459, 474
Rasmussen, C., 483 Rock, I., 126 Schrock, K., 90 Siegal, A., 81 Sperling, G. A., 241
Rasmussen, K. G., 535 Rodafinos, A., 593 Saccuzzo, K. P., 286, 287, Schroeder, D. A., 595 Siegal, M., 363 Sperry, Roger, 49
Ras-Work, B., 346 Rodgers, J. E., 274 290, 291, 348, 450, Schuckit, M., 179, 182, Siegel, J. M., 156 Sperry, R. W., 87
Ratcliff, R., 263 Rodriguez-Tome, H., 451, 474, 475 Siegel, R. K., 177 Spiegal, D., 173
Rauscent, A., 219 183, 185, 186, 188, Sierpina, V., 487 Spiegler, M. D., 207, 445,
Rauschecker, J. P., 115 408 Sackeim, H. A., 535 189 Sigelman, C. K., 382, 408
Ray, L. A., 188 Roediger, H. L., 251, 255, Sacks, O., 239, 311 Schulman, K. A., 583 Sigman, S. T., 207 502, 503, 566, 568
Rayner, R., 204, 555, 566 SACU, 31 Schultz, D. P., 13 Sigmundson, H. K., 341 Spielman, D. A., 604
Raynor, J. O., 348 266, 275 Saey, T. H., 48, 49, 175 Schultz, R. T., 6 Silberg, J., 6, 510 Spillar, K., 463
Reaves, J., 588 Roese, N. J., 581 Sakurai, T., 55 Schultz, S. E., 13 Silbernagl, S., 98 Spinath, F. M., 292
Rechtschaffen, A., 156 Roffman, J. L., 549 Saladin, M. E., 578 Schwab, J., 409 Silke, A., 597 Spitz, H. H., 299
Redish, A. D., 223 Rogers, C., 444 Salamon, E., 124 Schwab, M. E., 51 Sillery, B., 156 Spitzer, R. L., 151, 537,
Reed, M. K., 549 Rogers, C. R., 564 Saletan, W., 404 Schwartz, B., 262 Silver, J., 49
Reed, S., 9, 366, 384, 585 Rogers, L., 396 Salovey, P., 282, 369, 495 Schwartz, B. L., 267 Silver, S. M., 573 544
Reed, S. D., 425 Rogers, M. R., 14 Salzman, C., 535 Schwartz, C., 384 Simcock, G., 264 Springen, K., 445
Reid, J. B., 401 Rogers, P., 254 Samelson, F., 204 Schwartz, C. E., 387, 510 Simeonova, D. I., 311 Springer, S. P., 84
Reid, J. K., 490 Rogers-Ramachandran, SAMHSA (Substance Schwartz, M. S., 233 Simon, B., 596 Spruston, N., 107
Reilly, S., 200 Schwartz, N., 29 Simon, T., 285 Squire, L. R., 240, 246,
Reinberg, S., 50 D., 132 Abuse and Mental Schwarzlose, R. F., 71 Simons, J. S., 77
Reinders, A. A. T. S., 545 Roitberg, B. Z., 60 Health Services Schweinhart, L. J., 299 Simonton, D. K., 311 248, 255, 268, 307
Reisberg, D., 262 Rolls, E. T., 80 Administration), Scott, D. J., 112 Simpson, J. A., 332, 342, Stafford, R., 430
Reisler, J., 115 Romney, D. M., 449 175, 177, 179, 180, Searles, J., 287 Stahl, L., 274
Reitman, V., 367, 374 Root, R. W., II, 27, 29, 39 181, 182, 186, 189 Sears, R. R., 289 419, 420 Stahl, S. M., 181, 525
Renfrey, G., 573 Ropper, A., 48, 67, 69, Samuel, D., 148, 182 Segerstrom, S. C., 488, Sinclair, D. A., 424 Stambler, L., 585
Renfrow, D. G., 584 Samuels, M., 48, 67, 69, 495 Singer, A. R., 524 Stark, C. E. L., 251
Rentfrow, P. J., 463 70, 71, 74, 80, 97, 107, 70, 71, 74, 80, 97, 107, Segraves, R. T., 344 Singer, J., 361 Stasser, G., 592
Rescorla, R. A., 197, 202 113, 155, 156, 157, 113, 155, 156, 157, Seitz, V., 293 Singer, M. T., 556 Staub, E., 604
Resick, P. A., 491, 510, 175, 177, 314 175, 177, 314 Seligman, M. E. P., 200, Singer, T., 64 Steel, P., 9
Ropper, A. H., 157 Sanberg, P. R., 61 366, 446, 495 Singular, S., 510 Steenhuysen, J., 29, 189
519 Rorschach, H., 450 Sanchez, R., 176 Selye, H., 486, 487 Sinha, G., 39 Stefano, G. B., 176
Resnick, R. J., 27, 29, 39 Rosch, E., 306 Sang, F. Y. P., 105 Senden, M. von, 127 Sivertsen, B., 162 Stein, J., 503
Restak, R., 600 Rosenbaum, J., 557 Sapolsky, R., 69 Seppa, N., 47, 115, 153, Skaret, E., 198 Stein, L. M., 275
Reteguiz, J., 7 Rosenbaum, J. E., 273 Sapolsky, R. M., 486 352, 356 Skerrett, P. J., 47 Stein, M., 27, 35
Revonsuo, A., 161 Rosenberg, E. L., 364 Sapru, H. N., 81 Sergo, P., 48 Skinner, B. F., 8, 214, 292 Stein, M. B., 363
Rey, G., 306 Rosenberg, H., 181 Sarraj, I., 471 Serpell, R., 291 Skinner, N., 482, 486, Stein, M. T., 35
Reyner, L. A., 178 Rosenberg, K. P., 343 Satcher, D., 571 Settineri, S., 195 Stein, R., 157, 608
Reynolds, A. J., 298 Rosenberg, R. S., 163 Sateia, M., 162 SFN, 49 502, 503 Steinberg, J., 14
Reynolds, G., 592 Rosenkranz, J. A., 80 Sato, M., 176 Shafer, V. L., 316 Skipp, C., 400 Steinberg, L., 411, 414
Rhee, S. H., 601 Rosenman, R., 496 Saul, S., 162 Shafran, R., 353 Skloot, R., 258 Steiner, R., 138
Rhodewalt, F., 349 Rosenthal, E., 346 Savage-Rumbaugh, S., Sha o, M. A., 267 Slade, B. A., 608 Steptoe, A., 206
Riccio, D. C., 265 Rosenthal, L., 153, 154 322, 323 Shai, I., 352 Sleek, S., 604 Stern, Y., 535
Rice, L. N., 564 Rosenthal, R., 29, 346 Savic, I., 343 Shanker, S. G., 323 Slone, K. C., 231 Sternberg, R. J., 68, 281,
Rich, D. Q., 381 Rosenthal, S. L., 409 Savin-Williams, R., 343 Shannon, C., 502 Small, G. W., 520
Richardson, D. R., 601 Rosenthal, Z., 141, 578 Sawyer, D., 377 Shannon, R. V., 115 Smetana, J. G., 412 283, 286, 289, 291,
Richters, J. M. A., 425 Ross, B. M., 253 Sax, L. J., 486 Shapiro, F., 573 Smith, C., 478 292, 294, 310, 311,
Ridderinkhof, K. R., 182 Ross, H. E., 132 Saxbe, D., 29 Shapiro, J. P., 24, 290 Smith, D., 17, 496 391, 419, 492, 558
Riddle, E. L., 176 Ross, P. E., 308, 323 Saxe, L., 371 Shapiro, L., 510 Smith, E. E., 269 Sternberg, S., 345, 608
Ridenhour, R., 595 Rothbart, M. K., 365 Scanlon, M., 451 Shapiro, R., 573 Smith, M., 258 Steven, M. S., 144
Rider, E. A., 382, 408 Rothbaum, B. O., 524, Scarborough, E., 14 Shapiro, S. L., 503 Smith, N. T., 186 Stevens, C., 298
Rider, S. P., 162, 575 578 Scarr, S., 293 Sharp, D., 427 Smith, R. S., 394 Stevenson, M., 137
Rieke, M. L., 475 Rotter, J., 459 Scelfo, J., 409 Shatz, M., 263 Smits, J. A. J., 517 Stice, E., 353
Riggs, D. S., 519 Routh, D. K., 556 Schachter, S., 361 Shaver, A. E., 427 Smock, P., 420 Stickgold, R., 153, 154,
Riley, A., 344 Rouw, R., 144 Schachtman, T. R., 200 Shaw, D., 395 Snidman, N., 386, 387 269
Riley, E. P., 381 Rovner, S. L., 271 Schacter, D. L., 263, 265, Shaw, G. M., 381 Snow, J. G., Jr., 101 Stone, B., 115
Rimland, B., 11 Rowa, K., 509, 518 271, 415 Shaw, P., 35, 289, 297 Snyder, C. R., 475 Storbeck, J., 97
Risley, T., 316 Rowan, A. N., 41 Schalock, R. L., 288 Shaywitz, B. A., 29 Society for Personality Story, M., 337
Risley, T. R., 351 Rowe, M. L., 316 Schaufeli, W. B., 491 Shaywitz, S. E., 320, 321 Strain, E. C., 178
Rivera, C., 189 Roy-Byrne, P. P., 542 Scheck, B., 274 Shea, M. T., 534 Assessment, 451 Strauss, V., 6
Rizzo, A., 141, 578 Rozin, P., 110, 337, 365, Scheich, H., 115 Sheaffer, R., 139 Soevdsnes, E-K., 198 Streissguth, A. P., 381
Rizzo, S., 578 367 Schenck, C. H., 153 Sheese, B. E., 365 Solms, M., 441, 563 Stromeyer, C. F., III, 254
Rizzolatti, G., 369 Ruben, R. J., 115 Scherer, K. R., 361 Sher, A. E., 163 Solomon, P. R., 271, 415 Struckman-Johnson,
Roa, J., 339 Rubin, D. C., 255 Schewe, P., 603 Sher, L., 496 Soloway, R. M., 267 C., 605
Roan, S., 356 Rubin, R., 29, 495, 608 Schiff, N. D., 61 Sherman, R., 111 Sommer, I. E. C., 321 Strueber, D., 363, 601
Robbins, J., 141 Ruble, D. N., 340, 395 Schilt, T., 181 Shetty, A. K., 60 Son, M. H., 137 Sturmer, S., 596
Roberts, B. W., 416, 417, Rudman, L. A., 340, 341 Schlaggar, B. L., 313 Shiffrin, R. M., 245 Song, H., 539 Stutts, J. C., 151
Rui, L., 335 Schmidt, C., 155 Shimaya, A., 127 Song, S., 183, 445 Styfco, S. J., 298, 299
441, 465 Ruibal, S., 494 Schmidt, L. A., 449 Shimizu, M., 490, 494 Sonnenschein, M. A., Substance Abuse
Robertz, F. J., 523 Ruiter, R. A. C., 590 Schmitt, D. P., 342 Shiota, M. N., 601 and Mental
Robichaud, M., 574 Ruiz-Bueno, J. B., 494 Schmitt, D. R., 468 Shiraev, E., 11 557 Health Services
Robins, R. W., 416 Runco, M. A., 310 Schneider, C., 47 Shizgal, P., 330 Sonnentag, S., 491 Administration
Robinson, J. P., 156 Runger, D., 149 Schneider, D. J., 583 Shoda, Y., 464 Sonntag, K., 61 (SAMHSA), 175, 177,
Robinson, L. B., 420 Rupke, S. J., 549, 564 Schneider, K. J., 446 Soriano, L. J., 492 179, 180, 181, 182,
Rupprecht, R., 517 Schneider, M., 433, 442 Sotsky, S. M., 559 186, 189
Rush, A. J., 532 Soyez, V., 446 Suddath, R. L., 540
Rushton, J. P., 294, 463

696 N A M E I N D E X

Sue, D., 511, 572 omsen, D. K., 255 U.S. Court of Federal Walk, R., 382 Werth, J. L., Jr., 427 Wong, A. M., 51
Sue, D. W., 572 orndike, E. L., 214 Claims (USCFC), 3 Walker, A., 346 Wessel, H., 478 Wong, P. T. P., 442
Sullivan, R. M., 382 orpe, G. L., 207 Walker, C., 537 West, J., 27 Wood, J. M., 451, 512
Surprenant, A. M., 245, raenhardt, B., 538 U.S. Department of Walker, H., 545 Westbrook, R. F., 201 Wood, W., 342, 395
Tierney, A. J., 75 Health and Human Wallace, G. L., 3, 311 Westen, D., 318, 434, Woodard, C., 305
267 Timmer, S. G., 401 Services (USDHHS), Wallace, S. G., 407 Woodruff, B., 545
Susman, E. J., 460 Tippmann-Peikert, M., 178, 400, 401 Wallerstein, R. S., 563 436, 439, 440, 441, Woods, S. C., 335
Susskind, J. M., 365 153 Wallis, C., 232, 430 449, 563 Woodward, C., 544
Sutton, E. L., 425 Tisak, M. S., 602 U.S. Department of Wallisch, P., 150 Westly, E., 535, 558 Woolston, C., 58
Sutton, S., 460 Tolman, D. L., 223, 409 Labor, 17 Walsh, B. T., 353 Westrin, A., 159 World Health
Suzuki, S., 231 Tolson, J., 591 Walsh, T., 539 Whalen, D. H., 78
Svensen, S., 475 Tomes, H., 14 USDHHS (U.S. Wampold, B. E., 572 Whalen, P. J., 362, 366 Organization
Svirsky, M. A., 115 Tompkins, J., 151 Department of Wand, G., 55 Whitbourne, S. K., 417 (WHO), 346, 424
Swaminathan, N., 326 Tonegawa, S., 269 Health and Human Wang, Q., 264 White, J. M., 484 Wright, I. C., 540
Swanberg, M. M., 78 Toner, M., 69 Services), 178, 400, Wang, S., 20, 47, 49, 113, White, K., 475 Wright, J. P., 381
Sweet, R. A., 542 Tooby, J., 69 401 White, R., 264 Wright, K., 151, 424
Swim, J. K., 583 Toppo, G., 230 151, 201, 336, 391 Whitlock, G., 334 WSHF, 425
Sylvester, T., 31 Torrey, E. F., 449 Useem, M., 586 Wang, S. C., 297 Whittle, S., 411 Wyer, R. S., Jr., 584
Szabo, L., 162 Torrey, F. E., 540 Uys, J. D., 177 Wansink, B., 337 Whorf, B., 319 Wynne, C. D. L., 226
Szyfelbein, S. K., 113 Tough, P., 351 Ward, A., 337 Widiger, T. A., 515 Wysocki, C. J., 107
Tousignant, M., 20 V Ward, J., 181 Wiech, K., 112
T Towle, L. H., 512, 513 Ward, L. M., 137 Wieloch, T., 49 Y
Tramer, M. R., 186 Vahtera, J., 495 Warden, C. H., 336 Wiesel, Torsten, 97
Taani, D. Q., 195 Tran, S., 332 Valdes, L., 478 Wardle, J., 206 Wigfield, A., 460 Yamagata, S., 463
Talan, J., 180, 501, 519 Trautner, H. M., 395, Vallacher, R. R., 598 Warner, J., 326 Wilbourne, P., 470 Yamashita, I., 522
Talarico, J. M., 255 396, 418 Valli, K., 161 Warrick, P., 528 Wilcoxon, H. C., 200 Yang, S., 291
Talbot, M., 111, 189, 573 Treffert, D. A., 3, 311 Valtin, H., 592 Wartik, N., 573 Wilgoren, J., 509, 552 Yang, Y., 371, 552
Tallal, P., 320 Tremmel, P. V., 326 Van Ameringen, M. A., Watson, J. B., 204, 555, Wilkins, K., 353 Yanoff, M., 98
Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Tresniowski, A., 118, 352 Williams, B. K., 492 Yantis, S., 77
Trevarthen, C., 87 525 566 Williams, Donna, 3, 6, Ybarra, M. B., 138
315 Tripician, R. J., 287, 451 Van Cauter, E., 157 Watson, John B., 13 7, 10 Yehuda, R., 401
Tammet, D., 239, 243 Trull, T. J., 463 Van de Castle, R. L., 161 Wattendorf, D. J., 381 Williams, J., 578 Yoffe, E., 271
Tamres, L. K., 499 Trump, D. J., 595 Vandewater, E. A., 417 Weaver, C. A., 255 Williams, J. E., 399, 418 Yoo, S., 157
Taneeru, M., 454 Trzesniewski, K. H., Van Gerwen, L. J., 524 Weaver, F. M., 61 Williams, L., 496 Young, J. E., 584
Tangney, B., 283 416, 465 Van Laar, C., 589 Webb, T., 332 Williams, L. M., 85 Young, M. W., 150, 159
Tankova, I., 155 Tsien, J. Z., 269 Van Manen, K., 417 Webb, W. B., 156 Williams, M. A., 207, Youngentob, S. L., 183
Tannen, D., 321 Tully, E. C., 533 van Rossum, E. F. C., Weber, E. H., 123 362, 365, 369 Yuen, M. F., 31
Tanouye, E., 484 Tulving, E., 249, 268 Wegner, D. M., 112, 574 Williams, W., 293 Yule, W., 567
Tarkan, L., 232 Turk, D. J., 87 486 Weihenmayer, E., 329, Williamson, E., 430 Yurgelun-Todd, D., 411,
Tarumi, S., 522 Turnbull, B., 457 Vargas, J. S., 223 Willingham, B., 364
Tawa, R., 346 Turner, D. A., 60 Vargha-Khadem, F., 331 Wilson, G., 343 414
Taylor, B. E. S., 27, 28, 29 Turner, J. A., 111 Weikart, D. P., 299 Wilson, G. T., 353, 567
Taylor, J., 233 Twenge, J. M., 409, 414, 323, 536 Weil, E., 380 Wilson, M., 269 Z
Taylor, L., 360 416 Vastag, B., 175 Weinberg, R. A., 293 Wilson, S. R., 586
Taylor, M., 528 Tyack, P. L., 322 Vazsonyi, A. T., 413 Weinberger, D. R., 75, Wilson, T. D., 587 Zack, J., 571
Taylor, S. E., 485, 495, Tyre, P., 353, 396 Vecera, S., 127 Wiltenburg, M., 528 Zadra, A., 160, 161
Vedantam, S., 135 533, 539 Wineberg, H., 427 Zajonc, R. B., 361
586 U Venter, J. C., 294 Weinberger, J., 441 Winerman, L., 64 Zakaria, F., 471
Taylor-Barnes, N., 27 Venturelli, P. J., 176 Weiner, B., 331, 348, 586 Winfrey, O., 352 Zaki, S. R., 306
Teicher, M. H., 401 Uchino, B. N., 497 Vergano, D., 71, 178 Weiner, I. B., 450 Wing, R., 352 Zaragoza, M. S., 275
Temple, E., 320 Ujike, H., 176 Verhovek, S. H., 427 Weinraub, B., 60 Wingert, P., 382, 384 Zatorre, R. J., 330
Terman, L. M., 285, 289, Ulett, G. A., 113 Verkhratsky, A., 48 Weir, K., 144 Winkielman, P., 7 Zeidner, M., 349
Underwood, A., 369 Verlinden, S., 523 Weisberg, R. W., 311 Winner, E., 289 Zeine, F., 571
292, 296 Ungerleider, L. G., 242, Verma, S., 11 Weishaar, M. E., 564, Winograd, E., 267 Zeineh, M. M., 268
Terracciano, A., 465 Vernon, P. A., 284 Winter, M., 183 Zener, K., 202
Terrace, H., 323 243 Vetter, J. K., 430 568, 575 Winters, K. C., 189 Zernike, K., 265
United States Conference Vince, G., 34 Weiss, A. P., 75 Wise, T. N., 520 Zigler, E., 287, 293, 298,
apar, A., 537 Vitello, P., 100 Weiss, L. A., 3, 6 Wiseman, R., 139
ase, M. E., 532, 533, of Mayors (USCM), Vocci, F. J., 179 Weiss, P. H., 77 Witelson, S. F., 85, 297 299, 401
546 557 Vogele, C., 206 Weiss, R., 51 Witkin, G., 176, 523 Zillmer, E. A., 512
eall-Honey, L. A., 449 USCB (U.S. Census Vohs, K. D., 349 Weissman, M. M., 558 Wittman, J., 195 Zimbardo, P. G., 597
elen, E., 383 Bureau), 420, 424 Volkow, N. D., 174, 176 Weller, E. B., 427 Wolf, T. H., 284 Zimmer, C., 69
éoret, H., 224 U.S. Census Bureau von Bothmer, E., 107 Wells, B. E., 409, 414 Wolfe, D. A., 604 Zimmerman, B. J., 460
omas, A., 384 (USCB), 420, 424 Von Hippel, W., 76 Wells, G., 274 Wolfe, M. S., 47 Zimmerman, M. A.,
omas, C. R., 604 USCFC (U.S. Court of Vos, T., 534 Wells, G. L., 274 Wolfing, K., 186
omas, E., 464, 512, Federal Claims), 3 Vredenburg, J., 446 Wenner, M., 188, 427, Wolpe, J., 207, 566, 567 416
523 USCM (United States Wolters, C. A., 20 Zola, S. M., 268
omas, J. C., 510, 512 Conference of W 539 Zubieta, J., 113
omas, J. J., 340 Mayors), 557 Wenzlaff, R. M., 574 Zubieta, J. K., 113
ompson, J., 51 Waber, R. L., 111 Werle, M. A., 216 Zucker, H. J., 343
ompson, P. M., 85 Wade, N., 60 Werner, E. E., 394 Zucker, K. J., 341
ompson, R. A., 385 Wagemans, J., 127 Wertenbroch, K., 9, 21 Zuk, M., 342
Wahbeh, H., 487
Waldinger, M. D., 344
Waldman, I. D., 601

N A M E I N D E X 697

Subject Index

A Adrenal medulla, 485 Altered states of consciousness, 148, sexual behavior, 338
Adulthood, 156, 392, 407, 415, 417– 171. See also Drug use; Hypnosis sleep, 156, 161, 163
AA (Alcoholics Anonymous), 189, and taste-aversion learning, 200,
470 420, 422–425. See also Aging Altered state theory of hypnosis, 171
Advertising, 210, 590 Altruism, 495 201
Ability tests, 450 Affective component of attitudes, Alzheimer’s disease, 47, 48, 49, 50, 424 weight in, 334
Abnormal behavior. See Mental Ambien, 162 See also Animal research
588 American Academy of Pediatrics, 27 Anna O. case, 555, 561
disorders Affective neuroscience approach, American Psychological Association Anorexia nervosa, 337, 353
Aborigines, 272 ANS (autonomic nervous system),
Absolute threshold, 122 360, 362–363 (APA), 14, 40, 223, 294, 441 72, 81, 360, 370, 371, 484, 485, 501
Abu Ghraib, 594 Afferent (sensory) neurons, 56 Ames, Aldrich, 370 Antabuse, 189
Academic achievement, 33, 289, 348, Affiliation needs, 332, 333 Ames room, 133 Anterior cingulate cortex, 173, 182,
Affirmative action programs, 14 Amnesia, 172, 250, 265, 307, 544 419, 533
349, 351, 587 African Americans: Amniocentesis, 380 Anterior pituitary, 82
Academic settings, 17 Amphetamines, 176, 177, 181 Anticipatory nausea, 206
Acamprosate, 189 ADHD diagnoses, 29 Amplitude, 100 Antidepressant drugs, 517, 519, 525,
Accommodation (cognitive intelligence, 290, 293, 294 Amputation, 51, 58 534, 547
mental disorders, 546 Amygdala, 268, 362 Antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs,
development), 388 psychologists, 14 534, 537, 541, 542
Accommodation (conflict style), 492 See also Race; Racism and adolescence, 411 Antisocial personality disorder, 515,
Acetylcholine, 59 African people/cultures: and aging, 415 535, 537
Achievement, 33, 289, 329, 348–351, AIDS, 345 and child abuse/neglect, 401 Anvil (ear), 102
attractiveness, 591 and classical conditioning, 201 Anxiety:
448, 587 genital cutting, 346, 591 and decision-making, 318 and alcohol use, 55
Acquaintance (date) rapists, 603 and intelligence, 282 defined, 80 anxiety disorders, 363, 514, 517–
Acquired Immune Deficiency intelligence, 291 and fear, 363
Wangari Maathai, 457, 458, 459 and flashbulb memories, 255 519, 522, 524–525
Syndrome (AIDS), 345, 409 memory, 253 and forgetting, 269, 278 and drug use, 186
Acrophobia, 518 perception, 137 and gender differences, 84, 396 Freudian theory on, 437
ACTH, 484, 485 traditional foods, 110 and happiness, 366 and hypnosis, 173
Action potential, 52–53, 54 A erimage, 99 and mental disorders, 510 reduction techniques, 163, 207
Activation-synthesis theory of Age regression, 172 and personality disorders, 536 and sleep problems, 162, 163
Aggression, 601–605 and stress, 485 and stress, 493
dreams, 161 and adolescence, 411 and temperament, 387 test anxiety, 3, 6–11
Actor-observer effect, 586 gender differences, 396 and violence, 70 See also Phobias
Actualizing tendency, 564 and media, 230 Analogies, 309 Anxiety disorders, 363, 514, 517–519,
Acupuncture, 113 and observational learning, 196, Anal stage of psychosexual 522, 524–525. See also Phobias
Adaptation, sensory, 93, 107, 108 development, 392, 439 APA (American Psychological
Adaptation level theory of emotions, 224, 230 Analytical psychology, 440 Association), 14, 40, 223, 294, 441
and personality disorders, 535, 537 Analytical thinking, 136, 321 Apparent motion, 13, 140
366 and prefrontal cortex, 363 Anandamide, 55, 186 Appearance, 137, 141, 423, 582, 591
Adaptations, 69 sexual, 603, 605 Androgens, 339 Applications of psychology:
Adaptive genes, 69 and spanking, 233 Anencephaly, 67, 74 aggression, 604–605
Adaptive theory of sleep, 156 See also Violence Anger, 367, 496, 523, 604–605. See animal language, 322–323
Adaptive value, 200–201, 365. See Aging, 76, 155, 156, 415, 417, 424– also Emotions artificial senses, 114–115
425, 427. See also Adulthood Anger rapists, 603 behavior therapy, 232–233
also Evolutionary theory Aging process, 424 Animal magnetism, 170 child abuse/neglect, 400–401
Adderall, 27 Agoraphobia, 518, 575 Animal models, 34, 41. See also classical conditioning, 206–207
Addiction, 174, 175, 177, 178, 182, “Ah-ha!” experience, 226 Animal research cognitive-behavioral therapy,
Ahmed, Arien, 471 Animal research:
186, 188, 352. See also Drug use AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency classical conditioning, 196, 197, 574–575
Additives, 30, 39 Syndrome), 345, 409 drug abuse treatment, 188–189
Adenosine, 157, 178 Ainsworth, Mary, 385 200 eating problems, 352–353
ADHD. See Attention-deficit/ Air pollution, 381 cognitive learning, 223, 226 experimental treatments, 60–61
Alarm stage of stress, 487 ethical issues, 41 intervention programs, 298–299
hyperactivity disorder Alcohol, 182–183 fetal tissue transplants, 60 lie detector tests, 370–371
Adjustment disorder, 490 cross-cultural approach, 185 hunger, 335 memory, 274–275
Adler, Alfred, 440 and nervous system, 55, 73 immune system, 489 mild depression, 548–549
Adolescence, 407, 408–414 and perception, 124 memory, 247, 269 perception, 140–141
and prenatal development, 381 operant conditioning, 214 phobias, 524–525
cognitive development, 390, 410– research on, 44 overview, 34 psychological assessment, 450–
413, 430, 523 and sleep problems, 162 See also Animals
See also Drug use Animals: 451, 474–475
driving, 430 Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), 189, aggression in, 601 research, 40–41
drug use, 181, 183, 187 470 brains of, 49, 80 sleep problems, 162–163
eating disorders, 353 Alcoholism, 182, 183. See also cognition in, 223, 226 split brain, 86–87
and humanistic theories, 445 Alcohol imprinting, 228, 330 stress management, 502–503
memory, 273 Algorithms, 308 instincts, 330 study skills, 20–21
overview, 414 Allergies, 489 and language, 322–323 suicide, 426–427
personality, 416 All-or-none law, 52 operant conditioning, 213, 221, unusual memories, 254–255
puberty, 408–409, 439 Allport, Gordon, 462 See also Drug treatments;
school shootings, 523 Alpha stage of sleep, 152 222, 236
sexual behavior, 409, 608 Alprazolam, 517 preparedness, 200, 229 Psychotherapy
sleep, 156
social development, 392, 393
suicide, 426–427
Adoption, 385, 392
Adoption studies, 293, 601
Adrenal cortex, 485
Adrenal glands, 82, 485
Adrenaline (epinephrine), 82, 247,
361, 485

698 S U B J E C T I N D E X

Appraisal, 359, 482–483, 484, 486, and perception, 135 Barnum principle, 475 and weight, 583
494, 499, 502 and problem-solving, 309 Basal ganglia, 60, 61, 150, 186, 541 See also Discrimination; Racism;
and schizophrenia, 538 Basic rules of grammar, 314
Approach-approach conflict, 492 and social cognitive theory, 223, Basilar membrane, 103, 104 Sexism
Approach-avoidance conflict, 492 Beauty, 137, 582, 591 Bibloqtoq, 546
Arab people/cultures, 367, 471 225, 231 Beck, Aaron, 548, 565 Bidirectionality principle, 401
Armstrong, Lance, 506 See also Attention-deficit/ Beck’s cognitive theory of Big Brothers/Big Sisters of America,
Arousal:
hyperactivity disorder depression, 548, 549 446
and autonomic nervous system, 81 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Bedi, Kiran, 457, 462 Big Five traits, 463, 467, 468
and drug use, 175, 176, 177, 178 Bedwetting, 154 Bilingualism, 319
and emotions, 360, 361, 366 disorder (ADHD): Behavioral approach, 5, 8, 13, Binet, Alfred, 285, 290
and lie detector tests, 370–371 controversies about, 27, 39 Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale, 285
and nervous system, 72 and prenatal development, 381 223. See also Behavior therapy; Binge drinking, 44, 182, 183
and prosocial behavior, 595 research on, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, Classical conditioning; Cognitive- Binocular depth cues, 129
and relationships, 422 behavioral therapy; Operant Biofeedback, 233, 503
and REM sleep, 153 36–37 conditioning; Social cognitive Biological approach. See Biological
and shyness, 449 Attitudes, 588–591 theory
and stereotypes, 583 Attractiveness, 137, 582, 591 Behavioral genetics, 466 factors
and stress, 483, 484, 485, 487, 491, Attributions, 585–587, 604 Behaviorism, 13. See also Behavioral Biological clocks, 150–151, 155, 156,
Atypical neuroleptic drugs, 541, 542, approach; Behavior therapy
493 Behavior modification. See Behavior 157, 159
and test anxiety, 6 557 therapy Biological factors:
Arousal-cost-reward model of Audience, 590 Behaviors:
helping, 595 Audition. See Hearing and attitudes, 588 gender identity, 341
Artificial intelligence, 308 Auditory association area, 78, 103 and classical conditioning, 195 hunger, 334, 335
Artificial senses, 93, 114–115 Auditory canal, 102 defined, 4, 458 learning, 228–229
Asch, Solomon, 592, 593 Auditory nerve, 103 Behavior therapy, 566–568 and medical therapy, 559
Asian people/cultures: Australia, 272 for ADHD, 39 memory, 263, 268–269
academic achievement, 448 Authoritarian parents, 413 for autism, 232 mental disorders, 510
alcoholism, 185 Authoritative parents, 413 biofeedback, 233 mood disorders, 533
autism, 11 Authority, 593–594 and child abuse/neglect, 401 overview, 5, 6
autonomic nervous system Autism, 3 effectiveness of, 568 personality disorders, 537
for motion sickness, 105 schizophrenia, 539
control, 501 behavioral approach to, 8 operant conditioning, 216 sexual behavior, 338, 339, 341, 343
beliefs, 27 behavior therapy for, 232, 568 origins of, 555, 556 weight, 352
cognitive processes, 319, 321 biological approach to, 6 systematic desensitization, 207, See also Brain; Nature-nurture
dental fears, 205 cognitive approach to, 7
drug use, 176 critical thinking exercise, 24 567 question; Neuroscience
emotions, 367, 374 cross-cultural approach to, 11 time-out, 233 Biological needs, 332, 333. See also
gender roles, 399 Freudian theory on, 9 See also Classical conditioning;
healing, 113, 572 and goals of psychology, 4 Hunger; Sexual behavior
and intelligence, 282 humanistic approach to, 10 Cognitive-behavioral therapy; Biological psychology, 19
intelligence, 291 and mirror neurons, 369 Operant conditioning BioPsychoSocial approach to
mental disorders, 522, 546 and savants, 3, 7, 311, 378 Beliefs:
organ transplants, 591 Automatic detector, 320 and attitudes, 588, 589 adolescence, 409
perception, 136 Automatic encoding, 248 and folk medicine, 27, 31 Biosocial theory of sexual behavior,
and placebos, 31 Automatic processes, 148 and memory, 258
Suzuki method, 231 Autonomic nervous system (ANS), and pain, 112, 113 342
weight, 337 72, 81, 360, 370, 371, 484, 485, 501 and perception, 135 Bipolar I disorder, 311, 531, 532, 534
Aspartame (Nutrasweet), 30 Autonomy vs. shame/doubt stage of and testimonials, 30 Birds, 49, 156
Assessment: psychosocial development, 393 The Bell Curve (Herrnstein & Birth control, 409
mental disorders, 512–513 Autrey, Wesley, 595 Murray), 290, 294, 296 Birth defects, 379, 380, 381
personality, 9, 450–451, 474–475, Availability heuristic, 308 Bem, Daryl, 589 Bisexual orientation, 341
Aviophobia, 509, 524 Benson, Herbert, 501 Blackouts, 182
478, 512 Avoidance-avoidance conflict, 492 Benzodiazepines, 162, 163, 517, 525 Blindness, 93, 97, 98, 114, 150, 161,
See also Diagnosis Avoidance (conflict style), 492 Berkowitz, David, 535
Assimilation, 388 Awareness. See Consciousness Berry, Halle, 247, 281 364
Assisted suicide, 427 Axes (DSM-IV-TR), 514, 515 Beta waves, 153 Blind spot, 96
Association areas, 78, 79, 97, 103, 125 Axon membrane, 52 Bias: Blinking, 241
Associations (memory), forming, Axons, 50, 51, 52, 540 and attributions, 586 Blocker, Ashlyn, 118
248, 249, 262–263, 265 and brain size, 85 Blood, as food, 110
Astrology, 475 B and deception, 40 Blood alcohol content (BAC), 55
Atkinson, John, 348 and double-blind experiments, 37 Blood-brain barrier, 59
Atmospheric perspective, 131 Babbling, 314 in IQ tests, 14, 290–291, 296 Boat people, 448
Attachment, 377, 385 BAC (blood alcohol content), 55 and labeling, 516 Bobo doll experiment, 196, 224
Attention: Backward conditioning, 202, 217 and lie detector tests, 371 Body recognition, 71
and circadian preference, 155 Bagge, Christian, 58 and memory, 265, 274 Body temperature, 155, 157
and consciousness, 148 Bait shyness, 200 and naturalistic settings, 35 Bonobos, 323
controlled vs. automatic processes, Balance, 102, 105 and perception, 124, 125, 132, 135 Borderline personality disorder, 535
Bali, 572 and person perception, 581, 582, Bowlby, John, 385
148 Balians, 572 583 Brain, 67–91
and dread, 113 Bandura, Albert, 394 and schemas, 584
and drug use, 181, 192 in standardized tests, 34 basal ganglia, 60, 61, 150, 186, 541
and emotions, 365 on aggression, 196, 224 and survey research, 28, 29 and biological clocks, 150, 155,
and memory, 240, 242, 243, 244, on anxiety, 493 and testimonials, 30
and behaviorism, 8 157, 159
245, 269 on personality, 458, 459 and child abuse/neglect, 401
and pain, 112, 113 and Suzuki, 231 and classical conditioning, 201
See also Social cognitive theory and concept formation, 307
control centers, 74–79
development of, 48, 314, 382, 391,

411, 441, 523, 539
and drug use, 73, 175, 176

S U B J E C T I N D E X 699

Brain (continued) Broca’s area, 78, 229, 316 stereotypes, 581 Chi-square, 616
and endocrine system, 82 Browne, Sylvia, 139 stress, 481, 491, 494 Chlorpromazine ( orazine), 541,
evolution of, 69 Bulimia nervosa, 337, 353 suicide, 426
gender differences, 84, 85, 284, Bullying, 523 systematic desensitization, 567 557
321, 339, 366 Buprenorphine, 179 Case study approach, 28, 30, 35 Cho, Seung-Hui, 523
and genetic factors, 68, 69 Burke, Chris, 288 and creativity, 310 Chomsky, Noam, 313, 314, 315
and hearing, 78, 103, 104 Burma, 137 and EMDR, 573 Christie, Agatha, 320
and hunger, 335, 352 Burnout, 491 and Freudian theory, 561, 563 Chromosomes, 68, 378, 380, 382
and intelligence, 85, 284, 297, 322 Byland, Terry, 93 and panic disorder, 500 Chunking, 243
and language, 78, 313, 314, 316, Bystander effect, 597 and school shootings, 523 Cigarettes. See Nicotine
322, 326, 391 See also Case studies/personal Cigarettes, 33
and lead poisoning, 381 C CIPA (congenital insensitivity to
major parts of, 73 profiles
and memory, 76, 80, 229, 255, 263, Caffeine, 178, 192, 381 Catatonic schizophrenia, 538 pain with anhidrosis), 118
268, 415 Calkins, Mary, 14 Categorization, 307 Circadian rhythms, 150–151, 155,
and mind-body question, 49 Calories, 334 Catharsis, 605
and moral reasoning, 412 Cancer: Cattell, Raymond, 462 156, 157, 162
and motivation, 330 Causation vs. correlation, 33, 85 Clairvoyance, 138
and music, 107 chemotherapy, 195, 206, 207, 568 CCK (cholecystokinin), 335 Class. See Socioeconomic status
and nervous system, 72 coping with, 506 Cell body (soma), 50, 382 Classical conditioning, 195–211
and operant conditioning, 219 and correlation, 33 Centipedes, 27, 31
and pain, 112, 113 and immune system, 488 Central cues, 335 adaptive value of, 200–201
and perception, 125, 132 and perception, 121, 122 Central nervous system (CNS), 51, and behavior therapy, 555
and personality disorders, 536, Careers, 17–19 and brain structure, 73
537, 552 Care orientation, 412 72, 176, 182, 488 concepts in, 199
and phantom limb, 58 Carey, Mariah, 491 Central route for persuasion, 590 critical thinking exercise, 236
and reading, 320 Carter, Shawn (Jay-Z), 305, 310 Central tendency, measures of, cross-cultural approach, 205
regrowth in, 49 Cartoons, 137 and emotions, 201, 204, 206
and relationships, 419 Case studies/personal profiles: 611–612 procedure, 197–198
and schizophrenia, 539, 541 achievement, 350 Cephalocaudal principle of motor and stress, 489, 493
and sexual behavior, 338 ADHD, 27 student activities, 203
size of, 50, 85, 284, 297, 322 adolescence, 407 development, 383 and systematic desensitization,
and sleep, 157 adoption, 377 Cerebellum, 35, 73, 186, 201
and smell, 107 adulthood, 407 Cerebral cortex, 180, 186 207, 567
and speech, 78, 87, 229 Alzheimer’s disease, 47 Challenge appraisals, 482, 483, 494, theories of, 202
and stress, 484, 485 anencephaly, 67 vs. operant conditioning, 217
student activities, 83, 88–91 autism, 3 502 Classification, 390
study techniques, 70–71 behavioral genetics, 466 Chemical alphabet, 68, 382 Class notes, 16, 21
and suicide, 427 behavior therapy, 204, 224, 555, Chemical senses, 106–107 Claustrophobia, 518
and touch, 108 Chemotherapy, 195, 206, 207, 568 Client-centered therapy, 564
ventricles, 540 566 Chicago Child Parent Center Clinical assessment, 512, 513
and vision, 79, 97, 99 blindness, 93, 98 Clinical diagnosis, 513
See also Brain damage; Cognitive brain damage, 67, 75 Program, 298 Clinical interviews, 512
neuroscience; Drug effects child abuse/neglect, 400 Child abuse/neglect, 394, 400–401, Clinical psychologists, 17, 18, 557, 558
on nervous system; Executive classical conditioning, 195, 204 Clinical scales, 474
functions of brain; Hemispheres cognitive-behavioral therapy, 575 536, 537, 545, 568, 601 Clitoris, 339, 346
(brain); Limbic system; Nervous creativity, 305, 310 Childhood: Closure rule of perception, 127, 140
system; Neurons; Neuroscience; discrimination, 14, 457 Clouser, Ronald, 274
Neurotransmitters drug use, 169, 174, 188, 464 abuse/neglect during, 394, 400– Clozapine, 541
dyslexia, 320 401, 536, 537, 545, 568, 601 CNS (central nervous system), 51, 72,
Brain-boosting drugs, 192 eating disorders, 353 176, 182, 488
Brain damage: emotions, 359 aggression, 604 Cocaine, 59, 73, 175, 176, 177, 381
face transplants, 51 and classical conditioning, 205 Coca leaves, 177
and drug use, 181, 182 fragile X syndrome, 67 cognitive development, 389, 390 Cochlea, 102–103, 104, 115
and emotions, 362 hypnosis, 169 cognitive learning, 231 Cochlear implants, 115
and lobotomies, 75 intelligence, 281 concept formation, 306, 307 Cochran, Floyd, 589
and memory, 239, 242, 245, 246, isolation experiment, 147 delay of gratification, 460 Cognitive appraisal theory of
language, 305 and dental fears, 205 emotions, 360, 361
263, 265, 268 learning, 213 development overview, 397 Cognitive approach:
recovery from, 49, 51 lie detector tests, 370 drug use, 187 achievement, 350
and smell, 107 memory, 239 emotional development, 387 aggression, 604
study techniques, 70 mental disorders, 509, 531, 532, intervention programs, 298–299 attitudes, 588
and unconsciousness, 149 language, 315, 391 and classical conditioning, 202, 217
See also Neuroscience 544, 545 memory, 251, 258, 264 creativity, 310
Brain death, 90, 149 motivation, 329, 348 mentoring programs, 446 defined, 305
Brain scanning/imaging, 70–71. See panic disorder, 481, 500 moral reasoning, 412 emotions, 360, 361
also Neuroscience Parkinson’s disease, 60 and nature-nurture question, 377 gender roles, 395, 396
Brain sides. See Hemispheres (brain) perception, 121 obesity during, 337 group dynamics, 596
Brain stimulation, 61 personality, 417, 433, 457, 470 operant conditioning, 216, 219 mental disorders, 510, 533, 548, 549
Breast feeding, 33 phobias, 509 and personality, 434, 436 motivation, 331
Breathing exercises, 524 prodigies, 378 and personality disorders, 552 overview, 5, 7
Breuer, Joseph, 555 psychic phenomena, 138, 139 sleep, 154, 156, 163 personality, 458, 459
Brightness constancy, 128 psychoanalysis, 555, 561, 562 social development, 392, 393, 394, psychotherapy, 565
Broca, Paul, 284 school shootings, 523 See also Cognitive-behavioral
Broca’s aphasia, 78 severed limbs, 51, 58 395, 396
split brain, 86–87 socialization, 84, 522 therapy; Cognitive neurosci-
700 S U B J E C T I N D E X See also Child abuse/neglect; ence; Language; Learning;
Memory; inking
Parenting
Chimpanzees, 226, 229, 323. See also

Primates
China, 113, 337. See also Asian

people/cultures

Cognitive-behavioral therapy: Community mental health centers, Continuity rule of perception, 127 dental fears, 205
for aggression, 604, 605 557 Continuous reinforcement, 220 drug use, 59, 177, 181, 185
for anxiety disorders, 517 Continuum of consciousness, emotions, 364, 367, 374
for child abusers, 401, 568 Companionate love, 419 gender roles, 399, 418
for drug abuse, 189 Compensatory factors, 401 148–149 genital cutting, 346
for eating disorders, 353 Complete (consummate) love, 419 Contraceptives, 409 hunger, 337
for mood disorders, 549 Compliance, 593 Control: intelligence, 282, 291
origins of, 568 Compromise, 492 language, 314, 319
overview, 559 Computers, 308 of behavior, 4 marriage, 423
for personality disorders, 536 Concept formation, 306–307 and hardiness, 494 memory, 253, 272
for phobias, 225, 524, 525, 568, 575 Conception (fertilization), 68, 379 locus of, 459, 494, 495 mental disorders, 159, 518, 522,
for posttraumatic stress disorder, Concept reviews: need for, 533, 537
491, 519 and stress, 491, 495 546
for sleep problems, 162 brain, 83 Control groups, 37 moral reasoning, 412
and social cognitive theory, 225, classical conditioning, 203 Controlled processes, 148 operant conditioning, 231
461 consciousness, 158 Control Question Technique, 371 overview, 5, 11
stress management programs, 189, developmental psychology, 398, Conventional level of moral perception, 136–137
502–503, 568 reasoning, 412 placebos, 31
techniques for, 574–575 421 Convergence, 129 psychotherapy, 572
thought substitution, 574, 575 drug use/hypnosis, 184 Convergent thinking, 310 senses, 110
emotions, 368 Conversion disorder, 520 stress, 494
Cognitive development, 388–391 intelligence, 295 Cooley, Tatiana, 254 suicide bombers, 471
adolescence, 390, 410–413, 430, 523 introduction, 15 Coping, 189, 481, 494, 499, 502–503, trait theory, 463
adulthood, 390, 415 language, 317 506. See also Stress See also Cultural Diversity feature
and gender roles, 395, 396 learning, 227 Copy number variations, 69 Cross-sectional method, 386
memory, 252, 270 Cornea, 95 Crow, Sheryl, 532, 533, 534, 548, 558
Cognitive dissonance, 589 mental disorders, 521, 543 Corpus callosum, 35, 86, 401 Crowds, 597
Cognitive factors. See Cognitive motivation, 347 Correlation, 32–33, 85, 284 Cruise, Tom, 320
nervous system, 57 Correlation coefficient, 32 CS (conditioned stimulus), 197, 198,
approach perception, 134 Cortex, 74, 75, 268, 297. See also 217
Cognitive interviews, 275 personality, 447, 469 Prefrontal cortex Cultural bias, 291, 329
Cognitive learning, 196, 213, 223– psychotherapy, 569 Corticoids, 485 Cultural diversity. See Cross-cultural
research, 38 Cotton, Ronald, 274 approach; Cultural Diversity
226. See also Cognitive approach senses, 109 Cough medicines, 27, 31 feature; Race
Cognitive maps, 223 social psychology, 599 Counseling. See Psychotherapy Cultural Diversity feature:
Cognitive miser model of stress, 498 Counseling psychologists, 17, 18, 558 academic achievement, 448
Concrete operations stage of Counterattitudinal behavior, 589, alcoholism, 185
attribution, 586 cognitive development, 390 591 attitudes, 591
Cognitive neuroscience: Conditional positive regard, 445 Covariation model of attribution, autonomic nervous system
Conditioned emotional response, 585
careers in, 19 201, 206, 493 Cox, Gregg, 281 control, 501
and cognitive learning, 223 Conditioned nausea, 195, 206, 207, Crack cocaine, 177 brain size, 85
defined, 7 568 CR (conditioned response), 197, 198, cognitive processes, 321
and evolution, 69 Conditioned reflexes, 196, 197 201, 217 dental fears, 205
and Freudian theory, 441 Conditioned response (CR), 197, 198, Creativity, 305, 310–311, 350 discrimination, 14
on memory, 149 201, 217 Critical language period, 316 disgust, 110
procedure overview, 70–71 Conditioned stimulus (CS), 197, 198, Critical (sensitive) period, 228 drug use, 59
See also Neuroscience 217 Critical thinking exercises: emotions, 367
Cognitive processes: Conduct disorder, 523, 605 advertising, 210 gender roles, 399
and Alzheimer’s disease, 47 Conduction deafness, 115 animal training, 236 genital cutting, 346
and brain structure, 76, 77 Cones, 96, 98, 99 autism, 24 intelligence, 296
and creativity, 311 Conflict, 492, 497 brain death, 90 learning, 231
and emotions, 362 Conformity, 581, 592–594 caffeine, 192 marriage, 423
and prenatal development, 381 Congenital insensitivity to pain with HPV vaccination, 608 memory, 253, 272
See also Language; Memory; anhidrosis (CIPA), 118 intelligence, 302 mental disorders, 159, 522, 546
Consciousness, 147–167 memory, 258, 278 perception, 136–137
inking biological clocks, 150–151, 155, mirror neurons, 64 placebos, 31
Cognitive psychology, 19 pain insensitivity, 118 psychotherapy, 572
Cognitive-relaxation program, 605 156, 157, 159 peer influences, 404 suicide bombers, 471
Cognitive social psychology, 581, 583 continuum of, 148–149 personality, 454, 478 Cultural factors:
Cognitive therapy, 565. See also distractions, 166 prison romance, 528 mental disorders, 522, 545, 546
seasonal affective disorder, 159 psychopaths, 552 and perception, 136
Cognitive-behavioral therapy student activities, 158, 164–167 research, 44 personality, 463
Cohabitation, 420 See also Dreams; Drug use; smiling, 374 stereotypes, 583
Cohesion, 596 stress, 506 suicide bombers, 471
Colds, 488 Hypnosis; Sleep synesthesia, 144 See also Cross-cultural approach;
Collective unconscious, 440 Conscious thoughts, 434, 436 Viagra, 356
Color, 98–99, 128, 161 Consensus, 585 Cross-cultural approach: Cultural Diversity feature;
Color blindness, 99 Consequences, 217, 218 academic achievement, 448 Environmental factors; Race
Color constancy, 128 Conservation, 389, 390 aging, 425 Cultural-familial retardation, 288
Comas, 149 Consistency, 585 attractiveness, 582 Cultural influences. See Cultural
Combs, Brenda, 481, 490 Constancy, perceptual, 128 autonomic nervous system factors
Combs, Sean (“Puff Daddy”; Consummate (complete) love, 419 Culture-specific disorders, 546
Content of message, 590 control, 501 Cumulative record, 220
“Diddy”), 444 Content scales, 474 cognitive processes, 321 Curare, 59
Commitment, 419, 494 Contiguity theory of classical
Communication: S U B J E C T I N D E X 701
conditioning, 202
animals, 322
and autism, 3, 7
and shyness, 449
See also Language

Cybertherapy, 571 nature-nurture question, 377, 378 Dolphins, 221, 322 and prenatal development, 380,
Czech Republic, 337 peer influences, 404 Dominant genes, 68 381
prenatal period, 378–381 Domination, 492
D social development, 392–396, Dopamine: prevention, 187
and school shootings, 523
Dahmer, Jeffrey, 535, 537, 552 416–417 and drug use, 59, 175, 176, 177, and sexual aggression, 605
Dalmane, 162 student activities, 398, 402–405, 178, 181, 183 and sleep problems, 162, 163
DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance stimulants, 27, 28, 39, 176–178,
421, 428–431 and extrasensory perception, 138
Program), 187 See also Adolescence; Adulthood; and gender differences, 84 192
Darwin, Charles, 69, 364 and hunger, 352 student activities, 184, 190–193
Date (acquaintance) rapists, 603 Childhood; Infancy and mood disorders, 533, 534 and trait theory, 464
Day, length of, 150 Deviation IQ, 285 and Parkinson’s disease, 60 treatment, 188–189
Daydreaming, 148 Diabetes, 82 and reward/pleasure center, 181, See also Drug effects on nervous
DBS (deep brain stimulation), 61, 519 Diagnosis:
Deafness, 101, 115, 314 330, 366 system
Debriefing, 40, 594 ADHD, 27, 28, 29, 34, 39 and schizophrenia, 541 DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and
Deception, 40, 370–371 Alzheimer’s disease, 47 Dopamine theory of schizophrenia,
Decibels, 101 mental disorders, 513–516 541 Statistical Manual of Mental
Decision-making, 318 See also Assessment Double-blind experiments, 37, 40, Disorders-IV-Test Revision), 513–
Decision-stage model of helping, 595 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of 111, 135 516, 546
Declarative memory, 246, 268 Mental Disorders-IV-Test Revision Double standard for sexual behavior, Dutton, Charles, 433, 442
Deep brain stimulation (DBS), 61, (DSM-IV-TR), 513–516, 546 342 Dyslexia, 320
Dialectical behavior therapy, 536 Down syndrome, 69, 380 Dysthymic disorder, 532
519 Diathesis stress theory of Dread, 113
Deep structure, 313 schizophrenia, 540 Dreams, 160–161 E
Defense mechanisms, 437, 449, 493, Diazepam, 517 and continuum of consciousness,
Dichromats, 99 Ear, 102–103. See also Hearing
563 DID (dissociative identity disorder) 149 Eardrum (tympanic membrane),
Deficiency needs, 443 (multiple personality disorder), Freudian interpretation, 160, 435,
Deindividuation, 597 9, 545 102, 104
Deinstitutionalization, 557 Diet. See Food 560, 561 Early humans, 140
Delay of gratification, 460 Dieting, 336, 352 nightmares, 154, 163 Eating. See Food
Delta (slow wave/stage 4) sleep, 152, Diffusion of responsibility theory of and psychotherapy, 160, 435, 561 Eating disorders, 332, 337, 353
the bystander effect, 597 and sleep stages, 153, 154 Ebbinghaus, Hermann, 264
154, 163 Digestive system, 335, 485 Driving, 166, 182, 430, 602 Echoic memory, 241
Delusions, 186, 538 Direction of sound, 104 Drug effects on nervous system: Eclectic approach, 11, 559
Dement, William, 163 Discrimination: alcohol, 182 Ecstasy (MDMA), 181
Dendrites, 50, 51 and attributions, 585 hallucinogens, 180, 181 ECT (electroconvulsive therapy), 535
Denial, 437 defined, 583 marijuana, 186 Edison, omas, 140
Denollet, Johan, 496 and developmental psychology, opiates, 179 Education, 290, 298, 320, 446. See
Dental fears, 173, 195, 198, 199, 205 stimulants, 59, 175, 176, 177, 178
Dependency, 174, 175, 182, 186. See 378 traditional plants, 60 also Academic achievement
and gender differences, 84 Drug treatments: EEG (electroencephalogram), 152,
also Drug use and IQ tests, 290, 296 for ADHD, 27, 28, 36–37, 39
Dependent personality disorder, 535 and personality, 457 for AIDS, 345 600
Dependent variables, 36, 159 in psychology field, 14 for Alzheimer’s disease, 47 Efferent (motor) neurons, 56
Depression, 532 and schemas, 584 for anxiety disorders, 517, 518, Effortful encoding, 248
See also Bias; Racism; Sexism Egg, 338, 379
and alcohol use, 185 Discrimination (conditioning), 199, 519, 525 Ego, 436, 437
causes of, 533 204, 222 and deinstitutionalization, 557 Egocentric thinking, 389, 390
continuum of, 548 Discriminative stimulus, 222 for dissociative disorders, 544 Egypt, 591
and creativity, 311 Disgust, 110 for drug abuse, 189 Einstein, Albert, 284, 297, 310, 311
and drug use, 177, 186 Disney, Walt, 320 for memory, 271 Elaborative rehearsal, 249
gender differences, 84, 396 Disorganized schizophrenia, 538 for mood disorders, 534, 547 Electra complex, 439
and school shootings, 523 Displacement, 437, 449 for motion sickness, 105 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT),
seasonal affective disorder, 159, Display rules, 367 for Parkinson’s disease, 60
Dispositional (internal) attributions, for posttraumatic stress disorder, 535
532 585 Electroencephalogram (EEG), 152,
and stress, 496 Dissociative amnesia, 544 491
and suicide, 427 Dissociative disorders, 9, 514, and psychotherapy, 559, 563 600
treatment for, 534–535, 547–549 544–545 for schizophrenia, 541, 542, 557 Elliot, Chuck, 531, 532, 534, 558
See also Mood disorders Dissociative fugue, 544 for sexual problems, 31, 356 Embryonic stage, 339, 379
Depth perception, 129–131, 132, 133, Dissociative identity disorder (DID) for sleep problems, 162, 163 EMDR (Eye-Movement
382 (multiple personality disorder), and therapist types, 558
Describing behavior, 4, 464 9, 545 Drug use, 169, 174–193 Desensitization and
Descriptive statistics, 610–613 Distinctiveness, 585 and AIDS, 345 Reprocessing), 573
Designer drugs, 181 Distractions, 20, 166 alcohol, 44, 55, 73, 182–183, 185, Emotional intelligence, 282, 369
Developmental norms, 383 Divergent thinking, 310 Emotional Intelligence (Goleman),
Developmental psychology, 377–405, Diversity issues. See Cross-cultural 381 369
approach; Cultural Diversity and altered states of consciousness, Emotional intensity, 360, 367
407–431 feature; Race Emotion-focused coping, 499, 502,
adulthood, 156, 392, 407, 415, Divorce, 420 148 503
Dix, Dorothea, 556 cross-cultural approach, 59, 177, Emotions, 359–375
417–420, 422–425 DNA, 68, 294, 338, 382, 424 adolescence, 411
aging, 76, 155, 156, 415, 417, 424– Doctor-assisted suicide, 427 181 affective neuroscience approach,
Dodd, Westley Allan, 535 definitions, 174
425, 427 hallucinogens, 180–181 360, 362–363
child abuse/neglect, 400–401 marijuana, 186 and aging, 415
cognitive development, 388–391, and mental disorders, 514, 516 and attitudes, 588
opiates, 179 and brain structure, 70, 75, 80, 161
395, 396, 410–413, 415, 523 overview, 174–175 and child abuse/neglect, 401
defined, 18, 377 and classical conditioning, 201,
gender, 395–396
204, 493
702 S U B J E C T I N D E X

cognitive appraisal theory, 360, Erogenous zones, 438 F and memory, 258
361 ESP (extrasensory perception), and operant conditioning, 216
Face perception, 71, 136, 254, 382 See also Hunger
components of, 359 138–139 Face transplants, 51 Food-entrainable (midnight-snack)
and conformity, 592 Esposito, John, 535 Facial expressions: circadian clock, 150
cross-cultural approach, 364, 367, Esteem needs, 333 Foot-in-the-door technique, 593
Estrogens, 339, 408, 425 and brain structure, 80 Forebrain, 73, 74, 81, 82, 338, 362
374 Ethical issues, 40–41, 60, 594 cross-cultural approach, 364, 374 Forgetting, 264–267, 269, 271, 278,
and decision-making, 318 Ethologists, 228, 330, 601 and emotions, 360, 362, 363, 365, 415. See also Memory
development of, 384–387, 415 European Americans. See Cross- Formal operations stage of cognitive
and dreams, 161 370 development, 390, 410
emotional intelligence, 282, 369 cultural approach; Race and memory, 268 Four-stage model of sexual response,
functionalism on, 12 Eustress, 493 and relationships, 422 344
functions of, 365 Evening persons, 155 Facial feedback theory of emotions, Fovea, 96
gender differences, 84, 366, 367, Event schemas (scripts), 584 360 Fox, Michael J., 60, 61, 461
Evolutionary approach: Facial flushing, 185 FOXP2 gene, 323
396 Factor analysis, 462 Fragile X syndrome, 67, 69
happiness, 359, 366, 420 attractiveness, 582 FAE (fetal alcohol effects), 381 France, Anatole, 284
and hunger, 337 classical conditioning, 200–201 Failure, fear of, 349 Fraternal twins, 292
and lie detector tests, 370–371 dreams, 161 Faith healing, 588 Free association, 435, 560, 561
and memory, 84, 247, 255, 267, emotions, 362, 365 False memories, 251, 258. See also Freedom Writers, 446
and functionalism, 12 Repressed memory Free nerve endings, 108
268, 362, 365 gender, 84, 342, 396, 399, 418, Family therapy, 353 Free radicals, 424
and mental disorders, 510 Farsightedness (hyperopia), 95 Frequency, 100, 104
and mirror neurons, 64 485 FAS (fetal alcohol syndrome), 183, Frequency distributions, 610–611
and moral reasoning, 412 memory, 247 381 Frequency theory of pitch, 104
and neurotransmitters, 55 overview, 5, 11, 69 Fatal familial insomnia, 332 Freud, Sigmund, 9
and pain, 112 reflexes, 56 Fat cells, 335, 336 and creativity, 310
periphal theories, 360 sexual behavior, 342 Fear, 359, 363. See also Dental fears; on development, 392
and personality disorders, 536 smell, 107 Emotions; Phobias on dreams, 160, 561
and persuasion, 590 taste, 106 Fearful/inhibited children, 386–387 and psychoanalysis, 555, 556, 560,
and positive psychology, 495 weight, 334 Fear of failure, 349
and psychotherapy, 562 Excitatory transmitters, 54 Fechner, Gustav, 122 561, 562
and schizophrenia, 538 Executive functions of brain, 75, 76 Feelings. See Emotions theory overviews, 9
and smell, 107, 210 adolescent underdevelopment, Female circumcision, 346 tobacco addiction, 174
and stress, 482, 491, 495, 496, 499, Feminism, 440 See also Freudian theory
411, 430, 523 Fertilization, 68, 379 Freudian slips, 435, 560
502 and dreams, 161 Festinger’s social comparison theory, Freudian theory, 434–441
student activities, 368, 372–375 and limbic system, 80 596 on anxiety, 493
and test anxiety, 6 and mental disorders, 537, 540 Fetal alcohol effects (FAE), 381 catharsis, 605
and Type D behavior, 496 young adult development, 415 Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), 183, criticisms of, 440–441, 461
universal facial expressions, 364 Exemplar model of concept 381 divisions of mind, 436
See also Stress formation, 306 Fetal stage, 380 and dreams, 160, 435, 561
Empathy, 64, 369, 564, 595 Exercise, 336, 352, 415, 547 Fetal tissue transplants, 51, 60, 61 and mental disorders, 513
Encoding, 239, 244, 248–249, 253, Exhaustion stage of stress, 487 Fight-flight response, 81, 484, 486, overview, 5, 9, 472
264 Experimental groups, 37 487, 488, 502 psychoanalysis, 555, 556, 559,
End bulbs (terminal bulbs), 50, 53, 54 Experimental psychology, 18. See Figure-ground rule of perception,
Endocrine system, 82, 488 also Experimental research 127 560–563
Endorphins, 55, 113, 175, 179 Experimental research: Fiji, 353 psychosexual stages, 392, 393,
Environmental factors: on attributions, 587 First impressions, 141, 582
aggression, 601 vs. case study research, 500 Fish eyes, 110 438–439
cognitive development, 391 conducting, 36–37 Five-factor model of trait theory, on repressed memories, 250, 265
concept formation, 307 on conformity, 592, 593–594 463, 467, 468 on shyness, 449
emotional development, 384 on EMDR, 573 Fixation, 438, 439, 441 unconscious, 9, 149, 160, 434–435,
emotions, 366 laboratory settings for, 34, 35 Fixed action patterns, 330
gender roles, 395 on mood disorders, 547 Fixed-interval reinforcement 441, 493, 560, 561, 563
intelligence, 292–293, 294, 302 overview, 28 schedule, 221 Frontal lobe, 74, 75, 76, 78, 80, 173
language, 313, 315, 316 Explaining behavior, 4 Fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule, Frontal lobotomy, 75
and mental disorders, 510 Exposure therapy, 519, 524, 525, 567, 221 Frustration, 491, 602
motor development, 383 573 Flashbulb memories, 255 Frustration-aggression hypothesis,
personality, 458, 467, 468 Extensions of waking life theory of Flavor, 106, 107
personality disorders, 536 dreams, 160 Flu, 539 602
prenatal development, 380, 381 External ear, 102 Fluoxetine (Prozac), 534 Fugue, 544
prodigies, 378 External locus of control, 459, 494 Flying, fear of (aviophobia), 509, 524 Functional fixedness, 309
schizophrenia, 540 External (situational) attributions, FMRI (functional magnetic Functionalism, 12
sensory development, 382 585 resonance imaging), 70, 71, 600 Functional magnetic resonance
temperament, 387 Extinction, 199, 204, 222 See also Neuroscience
weight, 336 Extrasensory perception (ESP), Folk medicine, 27, 31 imaging (FMRI), 70, 71, 600. See
See also Nature-nurture question 138–139 Food: also Neuroscience
Environmental stimulation, 382, 383 Extrinsic motivation, 331, 350 additives, 30, 39 Fundamental attribution error, 586
Epinephrine (adrenaline), 82, 247, Eye, 94–96, 114, 363, 485. See also dieting, 336, 352
361, 485 Vision and disgust, 110 G
Episodic memory, 246, 248, 254 Eye contact, 136, 522 eating disorders, 332, 337, 353
Erectile dysfunction, 356 Eye-Movement Desensitization and flavor, 106, 107 GABA, 55, 157, 182, 183
Erikson, Erik, 393, 417, 440 Reprocessing (EMDR), 573 GAD (generalized anxiety disorder),
Erikson’s psychosocial stages of Eyewitness testimony, 254, 261, 266,
development, 393, 417, 440 274–275 517
Gage, Phineas, 75
Galton, Francis, 284
Galvanic skin response, 370, 371, 483

S U B J E C T I N D E X 703

Gambling, 318 birth defects, 380 Greenberg, Jay, 281 High need for achievement, 348
Gamma brain waves, 501 brain development, 68, 69 Group cohesion, 596 Hindbrain, 73, 74
Ganglion cells, 96, 99 brain structure, 78 Group dynamics, 581, 596–598 Hippocampus, 80
Ganzfeld procedure, 139 circadian preferences, 155 Group norms, 596
Gardner, Howard, 283 classical conditioning, 200 Group polarization, 598 and adolescence, 411
GAS (general adaptation syndrome), cognitive development, 391 Group therapy, 189 and child abuse/neglect, 401
color vision, 98, 99 Groupthink, 598 and drug use, 186
487 and correlation, 32 Growth hormone (GH), 82, 152, 156 and memory, 47, 229, 268, 269
Gate control theory of pain, 112 drug use, 175 Growth needs, 443 neuron growth in, 49
Gates, Bill, 281 dyslexia, 320 Grubs, 110 and personality disorders, 552
Gateway effect, 186 emotional development, 384 Gruwell, Erin, 446 and preparedness, 229
Gay men. See Homosexual emotions, 364, 366 Guilt, 436 and schizophrenia, 539
and Freudian theory, 441 Guinness Book of Records, 511 Hispanic Americans, psychologists,
orientation gender identity, 341 14
Genain quadruplets, 539 and humanistic theories, 446 H Historical approaches, 12–13
Gender differences: hunger, 332, 334, 336 Histrionic personality disorder, 535
infant development, 382, 387 Haggard, Ted, 433, 434, 435, 436, HIV positive status, 345. See also
ADHD, 32, 39 intelligence, 292–293, 294 438, 450 AIDS
aggression, 396 language, 323 Hobson, J. Allan, 161
alcoholism, 185 mental disorders, 510, 533 Hair, 56, 141, 485 Hofmann, Albert, 169, 180
anxiety, 7, 517 motion sickness, 105 Hair cells, 103, 104 Holistic thinking, 136, 321
autism, 3 motivation, 330 Hair receptors, 108 Holistic view, 442
brain, 84, 85, 284, 321, 339, 396 motor development, 383 Halfway houses, 557 Hollywood love, 419
color blindness, 99 personality, 466–467, 468 Hall, Harriet, 584 Homelessness, 557
eating disorders, 337, 353 personality disorders, 536, 537, Hallucinations, 180, 181, 186, 538 Homeostasis, 81
emotions, 84, 366, 367, 396 Hallucinogens, 180–181 Homosexual orientation, 34, 341,
Freudian theory on, 439 552 Haloperidol, 541 343, 345, 420, 516
and intelligence, 282 prodigies, 378 Hamilton, Bethany, 359 Honesty (integrity) tests, 474, 475
language, 321, 396 schizophrenia, 539 Hammer (ear), 102 Hormone replacement therapy, 425
mental disorders, 516, 517, 520, seasonal affective disorder, 159 Handedness, 7, 78, 87 Hormones:
sensory development, 382 Handwriting analysis, 287, 451 and aging, 425
522, 532, 545, 546 sexual behavior, 338–339, 341, 343 Hangover, 182 and child abuse/neglect, 401
moral reasoning, 412 shyness, 449 Happiness, 359, 366, 420. See also and emotions, 361, 365
puberty, 408 stress, 486 and endocrine system, 82
relationships, 422, 423 synesthesia, 144 Emotions and hunger, 335
self-esteem, 416 taste, 106 Haraguchi, Akira, 239 and memory, 247, 255, 278, 365
sexual behavior, 339, 342 temperament, 387 Hardiness, 494 and puberty, 408
social development, 395, 396 trait theory, 466–467 Harm/loss appraisals, 482 and sexual behavior, 339
stress, 485, 486, 490, 499 weight, 352 Harvey, omas, 297 and sleep, 151
and trait theory, 462, 463 See also Nature-nurture question Hassles, 490, 494 and stress, 484, 485
underachievement, 349 Genetic markers, 539 Hatcher, Teri, 400 Horney, Karen, 440
See also Gender identity; Gender Genetic testing, 67, 69 Hate groups, 589 HPV vaccination, 608
Genital cutting, 346, 591 Hawk, Tony, 213, 223 Human Genome Project, 68
roles; Sexism Genital stage of psychosexual Hazing, 581, 593, 594, 596 Humanistic theories, 442–446
Gender identity, 340, 341, 395, 514 development, 392, 439 Head injuries. See Brain damage applications of, 446
Gender-identity disorders, 340, 514 Genuineness, 564 Head Start, 298–299 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, 332–
Gender roles: Germany, 399 Hearing, 100–104
Germinal stage, 379 333, 348, 443, 596
acquisition of, 340–341, 395 Gerontology, 424 and advertising, 210 overviews, 5, 10, 472
adulthood, 418 Gestalt approach, 13, 126–127 artificial, 115 and psychotherapy, 564
cross-cultural approach, 399, 418 G (general intelligence) factor, 282, and brain structure, 78, 103 self theory, 444–445, 472
and emotions, 359 283, 292 infancy, 382 Hunger, 330, 332, 334–337, 352, 353
and genital cutting, 346 Ghana, 253 and memory, 241 Hyperactivity. See Attention-deficit/
and menopause, 425 GH (growth hormone), 82, 152, 156 thresholds, 121, 122 hyperactivity disorder
and mental disorders, 546 Ghrelin, 335 Heart disease, 496, 497 Hyperopia (farsightedness), 95
and sexual aggression, 603, 605 Gi edness, 289, 378 Heart rate, 485 Hypnosis, 169, 170–173, 251
and sexual behavior, 342 Ginkgo biloba, 271, 415 Helping, 595, 597 student activities, 184, 190–193
and sexual orientation, 343 Glass ceiling, 586 Hemingway, Ernest, 311 Hypnotic analgesia, 172, 173
Gender schemas, 395, 396 Glial cells, 48 Hemispheres (brain), 73 Hypnotic induction, 170, 171
General adaptation syndrome (GAS), Glucose, 335, 485 and aging, 415 Hypocretin neurons, 163
487 Glutamate, 177, 541, 542 and autism, 7 Hypocretin (orexin), 55
General Factor of Personality, 463 Glycogen, 156, 157, 485 and child abuse/neglect, 401 Hypoglycemia, 82
General goals, 20 Goal-setting, 20, 309 gender differences, 84, 321 Hypothalamus:
Generalization, 199, 204, 222 Gonads, 82 and language, 78 and autonomic nervous system, 81
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), Goose bumps (piloerection), 56, 485 and motor cortex, 76 and biological clocks, 150, 155, 157
517 Gorillas, 323. See also Primates and sexual orientation, 343 and endocrine system, 82
Generativity vs. stagnation stage of Gottman, John, 420 split-brain operations, 86, 87 and hunger, 335
psychosocial development, 417 Gould, Stephen Jay, 85, 296 Hereditary factors. See Genetic overview, 80
Genes, 48, 68, 382. See also Genetic Grades. See Academic achievement factors and Prader-Willi syndrome, 332
factors Graham, Lawrence, 581, 582 Heritability, 293, 466. See also and puberty, 408
Genetic factors: Grammar (syntax), 312, 314, 322, 323 Genetic factors and seasonal affective disorder, 159
ADHD, 32 Gratification, delay of, 460 Herman, Louis, 322 and sexual behavior, 339, 343
aggression, 601 Great Britain, 179, 494 Heroin, 73, 179 and stress, 484, 485
aging, 424 Heterosexual orientation, 341, 345, Hypotheses, 36
alcoholism, 183, 185 420
Alzheimer’s disease, 47, 48 Heuristics, 308
autism, 3, 6
and biological needs, 332

704 S U B J E C T I N D E X

I psychoanalysis, 555, 556, 559, Introspection, 12 Language, 312–316
560–563 Intrusive thoughts, 574, 575 acquisition of, 314–316, 326, 391
Iceland, 159 Inuit people, 110, 319, 367 animals, 322–323
Iconic memory, 241 short-term dynamic In vivo (real) exposure, 525, 567 and autism, 3, 7
Id, 436, 437 psychotherapy, 562 Ions, 52, 53 and brain, 78, 313, 314, 316, 322, 326
Ideal (optimal) weight, 334 IQ. See Intelligence quotient and brain structure, 77, 316
Ideal self, 444 Insomnia, 162, 163, 332, 568, 575 Iris, 95 Chomsky’s theory of, 313, 314
Identical twins, 292 Instincts, 330 Isolation experiment, 147 cross-cultural approach, 314
Identity, 416 Institutions, 495 defined, 305, 312, 322
Identity vs. role confusion stage of Insula, 419 J dyslexia, 320
Insulin, 82 gender differences, 321, 396
psychosocial development, 393, Integration, 492 Jagger, Mick, 417 and memory, 264
417 Integrity (honesty) tests, 474, 475 James, William, 12 and music, 326
Illusions, 132–133, 140 Integrity vs. despair stage of James-Lange theory of emotions, 360 oral vs. written, 253
Imagery exercises, 524, 575 Janis, Irving, 598 and personality, 459
Imaginary audience, 390 psychosocial development, 417 Japan: rules of, 312
Imaginative suggestibility, 171 Intellectual disability, 288 student activities, 317, 324–327
Imagined exposure, 525, 567 Intelligence, 281–303 dental fears, 205 and thinking, 319
Imagined perception, 172 drug use, 176 See also Speech
Imitation, 225, 231 artificial, 308 emotions, 367, 374
Immigrants, 296, 316, 448 and brain size, 85, 284, 297 gender roles, 399 Language stages, 314–315
Immune system, 111, 156, 157, and correlation, 33, 85 mental disorders, 516, 522 Larson, Eric, 350
488–489 and creativity, 311 organ transplants, 591 Larynx, 316
Implicit (nondeclarative/procedural) critical thinking exercise, 302 perception, 136 LASIK surgery, 95
memory, 149, 246, 248, 268, 441 cross-cultural approach, 282, 291 stress, 494 Latah, 546
Impossible figures, 137 definitions, 282–283, 292 Suzuki method, 231 Latency stage of psychosexual
Impotence, 356, 425 and dyslexia, 320 thinking, 321
Imprinting, 228, 330 early measurement of, 284–285, See also Asian people/cultures development, 392, 439
Incentive theory of motivation, 331 Jay-Z (Shawn Carter), 305, 310 Lateral hypothalamus, 335
Independent variables, 36, 37 296 Jet lag, 151 Latinos, 14
India, 11, 457, 462 emotional, 282, 369 JND (just noticeable difference), 123 Law of effect, 196, 214
Individual psychology, 440 environmental factors, 292–293, Job performance, 289 L-dopa, 60
Indonesia, 572 Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Lead poisoning, 381
Industrial/organizational 294, 302 10, 443 Learned associations, 337
psychology, 19 and intervention programs, Jung, Carl, 440 Learning:
Industrial settings, 17, 19 Justice orientation, 412
Industry vs. inferiority stage of 298–299 Just noticeable difference (JND), 123 biological factors, 228–229
psychosocial development, 393 IQ score distribution, 288–289 cognitive learning, 196, 213,
Infancy, 382–388 IQ tests, 14, 286–287, 290–291, 296 K
cognitive development, 388, 389 and nature-nurture question, 223–226
development overview, 397 Kagan, Jerome, 386–387 and concept formation, 307
emotional development, 384–387 292–294 Kanzi (bonobo), 323 defined, 195
facial expressions, 364, 365 new approaches, 297 Kasparov, Gary, 308 and memory, 149
language, 314 and race, 290, 293, 294, 296 Kastak, David, 322 and neuron growth, 49
motor development, 383 student activities, 295, 300–303 Kearins, Judith, 272 observational, 196, 223, 224–225,
and nature-nurture question, 377 Intelligence quotient (IQ): Keller, Helen, 115
sensory development, 382 and cognitive development, 391 Kelley’s covariation model of 230, 459, 493, 602
sleep, 156 and correlation, 33 and phobias, 525
social development, 392, 393 and creativity, 311 attribution, 585 student activities, 208–211, 227,
Infatuated love, 419 and g factor, 282 Kennedy, John F., 286, 598
Infections, 539 historical origins, 285 Kenya, 457 234–237
Inferential statistics, 613–616 and intervention programs, 298, Kiedis, Anthony, 179 Suzuki method, 231
Inferior frontal gyrus, 320 Killer whales, 236 types of, 196
Inferior parietal lobe, 297 299 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 443 See also Classical conditioning;
Informational influence theory of limitations of, 14, 290–291, 296 Kinkel, Kipland, 523
the bystander effect, 597 score distribution, 288–289 KIPP (Knowledge Is Power Program), Operant conditioning;
Ingram, Jeffrey, 544 tests, 14, 286–287, 290–291, 296 Socialization
Ingroup, 598 See also Intelligence 351 Learning disabilities, 320
Inhibited/fearful children, 386–387 Intensity: Kisspeptin, 408 Learning-performance distinction,
Inhibited female orgasm, 344 of emotions, 360, 367 Klinefelter’s syndrome, 339 224
Inhibitory transmitters, 54 and perception, 123 Ko a, Kurt, 13 Leno, Jay, 320
Initiative vs. guilt stage of Interactive model of sexual Kohlberg, Lawrence, 412 Lens, 95
psychosocial development, 393 orientation, 341 Kohlberg’s theory of moral Leptin, 335
Innate language factors, 313, 314, Interference, 242, 265, 266, 267, 271 Lesbians. See Homosexual orientation
316 Internal (dispositional) attributions, reasoning, 412 Levels-of-processing theory, 249
Inner ear, 102–103 585 Köhler, Wolfgang, 13, 226 Lewis, Jim, 466, 467
Insanity, 509 Internal locus of control, 459, 494, 495 Koko (gorilla), 323 Lie detector tests, 370–371
Insects, as food, 110 Internet, 497, 571, 597 Konishiki, 335 Lief, Harold, 250
Insecure attachment, 385 Interneurons, 56 Korea, 11, 185. See also Asian people/ Life expectancy, 424
Insight, 226, 309 Interpersonal conflicts, 492, 497 Light and shadow, 131
Insight therapies, 560–565 Interposition, 130 cultures Light therapy, 151
client-centered therapy, 564 The Interpretation of Dreams Koro, 546 Light waves, 94, 96, 98
cognitive therapy, 565 (Freud), 160 Kroc, Ray, 310 Lilly, John, 148
overview, 559 Interval timing clock, 150 Limbaugh, Rush, 464, 468
Intervention programs, 298–299 L Limbic system, 80–81
Interview research, 34 adolescence, 411, 523
Intestines, 335, 485 Labeling, 516 and dreams, 161
Intimacy, 419 Laboratory experiments, 34, 35 and drug use, 186
Intimacy vs. isolation stage of Laboratory settings, 34, 35 and emotions, 362
psychosocial development, 417 Langan, Chris, 302
Intrinsic motivation, 331, 350 S U B J E C T I N D E X 705

Limbic system (continued) Measures of central tendency, 611–612 frequency of, 516 Monochromats, 99
and pain, 112 Measures of variability, 612–613 and homelessness, 557 Monocular depth cues, 130–131
and personality disorders, 552 Media, 210, 230, 337, 353, 409, 588, mood disorders, 311, 514, 531, Mood disorders, 311, 514, 531,
and smell, 107
602, 605 532–535, 547–549 532–535
Limb reattachment, 51 Median, 611–612 personality disorders, 515, Moon illusion, 132
Linear perspective, 130 Medical marijuana, 186 Moral reasoning, 412
Links to Learning. See Student Medical therapy, 559. See also Drug 536–537 Moral therapy, 556
schizophrenia, 34, 514, 531, 538– Morning persons, 155
activities treatments Morphemes, 312
Lioy, Doreen, 528 Medications. See Drug treatments 542, 556, 557 Morphine, 113, 175, 179
Lithium, 534 Meditation, 148, 424, 501, 503 and school shootings, 523 Morphology, 312
Little Albert case, 204, 224, 555, 566 Medulla, 73, 74, 182 somatoform disorders, 514, 520 Morton, Samuel George, 85
Liver, 335, 485 Melatonin, 151, 159 student activities, 521, 526–529, Motherese (parentese), 314
Locus of control, 459, 494, 495 Memory, 239–259, 261–279 Motion parallax, 131
Lo us, Elizabeth, 250 543, 550–553 Motion perception, 131, 132, 137, 140
Longitudinal method, 386, 441, 465 adulthood, 415 See also Psychotherapy Motion sickness, 105
Long-term memory, 240, 244–246, and Alzheimer’s disease, 47 Mental grammar, 313 Motivation, 329–357
biological factors, 263, 268–269 Mental hospitals, 556, 557
268, 269 and brain, 76, 80, 229, 255, 263, Mental processes, 4. See also achievement, 33, 289, 329, 348–
Long-term potentiation (LTP), 269 Cognitive processes 351, 448, 587
Lorenz, Konrad, 228 268, 415 Mental retardation, 218, 288, 290,
Lottery winners, 359, 366 and brain structure, 76, 80, 229, 380 and brain structure, 80
Loudness, 100, 104 Mental set, 309 and creativity, 311
Loukaitis, Barry, 523 255, 263, 268 Mentoring programs, 446 defined, 329
Lovaas, Ivar, 232 cross-cultural approach, 253, 272 Menuhin, Yehudi, 378 and emotions, 365
Love, 419–420, 423, 528 definitions, 239 Mescaline, 59, 181 and endocrine system, 82
Love Lab, 422 and drug use, 181, 186, 192 Mesmer, Anton, 170 and group dynamics, 596
LSD, 148, 169, 180 and electroconvulsive therapy, 535 Message, 590 hunger, 330, 332, 334–337, 352, 353
LTP (long-term potentiation), 269 and emotions, 84, 247, 255, 267, Meta-analysis, 559 and hypnosis, 173
Lucky Man (Fox), 461 Metabolism, 82, 336, 352 and needs, 330, 332–333, 348
Lunesta, 162 268, 362, 365 Methadone, 179 and smell, 107
Lung cancer, 33 encoding, 239, 244, 248–249, 264 Methamphetamine, 175, 176, 177 and social cognitive theory, 225,
and eyewitness testimony, 254, Method of loci, 271
M Methylphenidate (Ritalin), 27, 36–37, 231
261, 266, 274–275 39, 192 student activities, 347, 354–357
Maathai, Wangari, 457, 458, 459 false, 251, 258 Michelangelo, 310 and study skills, 21
Magic, 138 forgetting, 264–267, 269, 271, 278, Midbrain, 73 theories of, 330–331
Magic mushrooms, 180 Middle ear, 102 unconscious, 434
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 415 Midnight-snack (food-entrainable) See also Sexual behavior
impairment of, 172, 239, 250, 265, circadian clock, 150 Motivational therapy, 189
70. See also Neuroscience Midori, 292 Motor cortex, 76
Maintenance programs (weight loss), 307, 544 Mild depression, 548–549 Motor development, 383
inaccuracy, 273 Milgram’s experiment, 593–594 Motor (efferent) neurons, 56
352 long-term, 240, 244–246, 268, 269 Miller, George, 242 Motor homunculus, 76
Maintenance rehearsal, 242, 249 mnemonics, 271 Mind-body connection: Motor responses, 73, 76, 538
Major depressive disorder, 532, 547 organization of, 262–263 and autonomic nervous system, Movies, 140
Major life events, 490 and preparedness, 229 MRI (magnetic resonance imaging),
Maladaptive behavior approach to repressed, 250–251, 265 501 70. See also Neuroscience
and senses, 240, 241, 244 and hypnosis, 173 Mucus, 107
mental disorders, 511 short-term, 240, 242–243, 245, mind-body question, 49 Mukhopadhyay, Tito, 7
Maladaptive genes, 69 and placebos, 31, 111 Müller-Lyer illusion, 133
Male-female differences. See Gender 249, 268, 269 and somatoform disorders, 520 Multicultural perspectives. See
and sleep, 153, 154 and stress, 486–487, 487 Cross-cultural approach
differences and smell, 107 Mind-body question, 49 Multinational studies. See Cross-
Mammograms, 121, 122 and social cognitive theory, 225, Mind-body therapy, 487 cultural approach
Mania, 534 Mindguard, 598 Multiple-intelligence theory, 283
Manic-depression. See Bipolar I 231 Minnesota model of drug abuse, 188 Multiple personality disorder
student activities, 252, 256–259, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality (dissociative identity disorder)
disorder Inventory (MMPI-2), 474, 475, (DID), 9, 545
Marijuana, 55, 186 270, 276–279 478, 512 Multiple sclerosis, 51
Marketing, 210 types of, 240 Minorities. See Cross-cultural Mumps virus, 539
Marriage, 332, 334, 420, 422, 423 unusual, 254–255 approach; Cultural Diversity Murder-suicide, 427
Maslow, Abraham, 10, 332, 443, 472 Memory-enhancing drugs, 271 feature; Race Muscles, 485
Memory span test, 242 Mire, Soraya, 346 Music, 231, 326, 367, 378
See also Humanistic theories; Men. See Gender differences; Gender Mirror neurons, 6, 64, 369, 600 Mutations, 69
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs roles; Sexism; Sexual aggression MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Myelin sheath, 50, 53
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, 332– Menarche, 408 Personality Inventory), 474, 475, Myopia (nearsightedness), 95
333, 348, 443, 596 Meniere’s disease, 105 478, 512
Mass hysteria, 520 Menopause, 425 Mnemonics, 271 N
Masturbation, 342 Menstrual cycle, 339, 379, 408, 425 Mode, 611, 612
Maturation, 383, 408 Mental age, 285 Modeling. See Observational Naltrexone, 189
McCabe, Michael, 531, 538, 540, 558 Mental disorders, 509–529, 531–553 learning Narcolepsy, 55, 163
McCain, John, 318 anxiety disorders, 363, 514, 517– Modified frustration-aggression Narcotics. See Opiates
McCarty, Osceola, 595 hypothesis, 602 Narcotics Anonymous (NA), 189
McClelland, David, 348 519, 522, 524–525 Moniz, Egas, 75 Native American Church, 59, 181
McDougall, William, 330 assessment, 512–513 Monoamines, 533 Native Americans, 59, 110, 181, 319
MDMA (ecstasy), 181 cause theories, 510
Mean, 611 and creativity, 311
Measurement, 37, 369. See also cross-cultural approach, 159, 518,
Diagnosis; Intelligence quotient;
Statistics; Tests 522, 546
definitions, 509, 511
706 S U B J E C T I N D E X diagnosis, 513–516
dissociative disorders, 9, 514,

544–545

Naturalistic research settings, 35 and assessment, 512 Nondeclarative (procedural/implicit) Oral stage of psychosexual
Natural selection, 69. See also on attractiveness, 582 memory, 149, 246, 248, 268, 441 development, 392, 439
on autism, 6, 7
Evolutionary theory on biological clocks, 155 Nonintellectual factors, 291 Oral tradition, 253
Nature-nurture question, 292–294, brain scanning/imaging methods, Non-REM sleep, 152, 154 Orexin (hypocretin), 55
Nonshared environmental factors, Organic factors in sexual problems,
377, 378. See also Biological 70–71, 600
factors; Environmental factors; on concept formation, 307 467, 468 344
Genetic factors on conformity, 592 Nooyi, Indra, 586 Organic mental disorders, 514
Nausea, 195, 206, 207, 568 on consciousness, 149 Noradrenaline (norepinephrine), 59, Organic retardation, 288
Nazi Germany, 594 on deception, 371 Organ transplants, 591
Nearsightedness (myopia), 95 on decision-making, 318 82, 181, 247, 485, 533, 534 Orgasm, 344, 356
Needs, 330, 332–333, 348, 443 on dissociative disorders, 545 Norepinephrine (noradrenaline), 59, Origin of Species (Darwin), 69
Negative correlation coefficient, 32 on dreams, 161 Ossicles, 102
Negative punishment, 219, 233 on eating disorders, 353 82, 181, 247, 485, 533, 534 Outer ear, 102
Negative reinforcement, 218 on emotions, 80, 268, 360, 362– Normal aging, 424 Outgroup, 598
Negative symptoms of Normal curve, 610 Ovaries, 82, 339, 408
schizophrenia, 538, 541 363, 366 Normal distribution, 288, 610, 613 Overgeneralization, 314, 548, 565
Neglect, 400–401 on executive function, 76 Norman, Donald, 262 Overlapping, 130
Neglect syndrome, 79, 132 on gender differences, 84, 85, 321, Norms, 595, 596 Overweight, 334, 337, 352
Neo-Freudian theory, 440 Nose, 107. See also Smell Ovulation, 379, 582
Neologisms, 538 396 Note-taking strategies, 16, 21 Own-race bias, 274
Nerve impulses, 52, 96, 103, 104, 107, on hypnosis, 173 Nucleus accumbens, 175, 330, 366
177. See also Transduction on intelligence, 284, 297 Nutrasweet (aspartame), 30 P
Nerves, 51 on language, 77, 315, 316, 321 Nutrition. See Food
Nervous system, 47–65 on memory, 76, 243, 245, 251, 263, Pacinian corpuscle, 108
action potential, 52–53, 54 O Pagano, Bernard, 274
autonomic, 72, 81, 360, 370, 371, 268, 269, 415 Pain:
on mood disorders, 533, 549 Obama, Barack, 318
501 on motivation, 330 Obedience, 593–594 and adaptation, 93
central, 51, 72, 176, 182, 488 on nervous system control, 501 Obesity, 150, 334, 337, 454 and brain structure, 77
and drug use, 175 new neurotransmitters, 55 Objective personality tests, 474–475 and classical conditioning, 205
fetal tissue transplants, 51, 60, 61 on operant conditioning, 219 Object permanence, 389 and endorphins, 55
neurotransmitters overview, 50, on pain, 112, 113, 173 Observation, 35 and hypnosis, 172, 173
on personality disorders, 537 Observational learning, 196, 223, insensitivity to, 118
53, 54–55 on placebos, 31 overview, 112–113
organization of, 72 on relationships, 419, 420 224–225, 230, 459, 493, 602 and placebos, 31, 111, 112, 113
peripheral, 51, 72 on schizophrenia, 539, 540, 541 Obsessive-compulsive disorder and touch, 108
phantom limb, 58 on school shootings, 523 Palmar sweating, 6
reflexes, 56, 73, 74, 196, 197, 201, on sexual orientation, 343 (OCD), 519 Pancreas, 82
and social psychology, 600 Obsessive-compulsive personality Panic attacks, 481, 517
217 on somatoform disorders, 520 Panic disorder, 481, 500, 517
somatic, 72 on stereotypes, 583 disorder, 535 Paper-and-pencil tests, 348
stem cell transplants, 51, 60, 61 on stress, 484, 497 Occipital lobe, 74, 79, 114 Paradoxical sleep, 153. See also Rapid
and stress, 484 on vision, 97 Occipito-temporal area, 320 eye movement (REM) sleep
student activities, 57, 62–65 See also Brain; Nervous system OCD (obsessive-compulsive Paranoid personality disorder, 535
See also Brain; Drug effects Neuroses, 513, 561 Paranoid schizophrenia, 538
Neurotransmitters: disorder), 519 Paraphilias, 344
on nervous system; and drug use, 59, 175, 176, 177, OCEAN (Big Five traits), 463, 467, Parasympathetic division (nervous
Neurotransmitters system), 72, 81, 484, 501
Network hierarchies, 263 178, 179, 180, 181, 183, 186 468 Parentese (motherese), 314
Network theory of memory and genetic factors, 183 Ochoa, Lorena, 442 Parenting:
organization, 262–263 and mood disorders, 159, 533, Oedipus complex, 439 and achievement, 351, 448
Neural assemblies, 269 Old age. See Aging and adolescence, 409, 413
Neural deafness, 115 534 Olfaction (smell), 106–107, 206, 210, and attachment, 385
Neuroleptic (antipsychotic) drugs, and motivation, 330 and autism, 11
534, 537, 541, 542 new discoveries, 55 382 and behavior therapy, 216, 233,
Neurological factors. See Brain; overview, 50, 53, 54–55 Olfactory bulb, 107
Nervous system; Neuroscience and Parkinson’s disease, 60 Olfactory cells, 49, 107 401
Neurological tests, 512 and schizophrenia, 541, 542, 557 One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, 535 and child abuse/neglect, 400–401
Neurons, 48–49, 51 and seasonal affective disorder, One-sided messages, 590 and eating disorders, 353
and brain scanning/imaging, 71 One-trial learning, 200 Freudian theory on, 436
growth of, 49, 51 159 Operant conditioning, 213–222 and gender roles, 395, 396
and language, 314 and sleep, 157 and humanistic theories, 445
and memory, 269 See also Nervous system; Reward/ applications of, 216, 232–233 and infant development, 382, 383
mirror neurons, 6, 64, 369 vs. classical conditioning, 217 and intervention programs, 298
parts of, 50 pleasure center concepts in, 222 and language, 314, 315, 316
and schizophrenia, 540 Neutral stimulus, 197, 198, 217. See critical thinking exercise, 236 and mood disorders, 533
See also Nervous system; cross-cultural approach, 231 and nature-nurture question, 377
Neuroscience also Classical conditioning defined, 196, 213 Neo-Freudian theory on, 440
Neuropeptide Y, 336 Newborns. See Infancy origins of, 214 and peer influences, 404
Neuroscience: New Guinea, 110 procedures for, 215 and procrastination, 9
on ADHD, 35 Nicotine, 33, 174, 178, 336, 381 reinforcement, 215, 216, 218–219, and school shootings, 523
on adolescent brain development, Nigeria, 591 and social development, 394
411, 430, 523 Nightmares, 154, 163 220–221, 604, 605 and temperament, 387
on advertising, 210 Night terrors, 154, 163 Operant response, 214, 215 See also Childhood;
on Alzheimer’s disease, 47, 49 Nim (chimpanzee), 323 Opiates, 179
on anxiety disorders, 363, 510 Nitric oxide, 55 Opium, 179 Environmental factors; Infancy
NMDA, 183 Opponent-process theory of color
Nodes, 262, 263 S U B J E C T I N D E X 707
Noncompliance, 219 vision, 99
Opsins, 96
Optic nerve, 96, 97, 114
Optimal (ideal) weight, 334
Optimal sleep pattern, 162, 575
Optimism, 495

Parent Management Training student activities, 447, 452–455, PMT (Parent Management Primary auditory cortex, 78, 103
(PMT), 604 469, 476–479 Training), 604 Primary olfactory (piriform) cortex,

Parietal lobe, 74, 77, 108, 173, 297 theory overview, 472–473 PNS (peripheral nervous system), 107
Parieto-temporal area, 320 trait theory, 462–468, 473, 474– 51, 72 Primary reinforcers, 219
Parkinson’s disease, 60, 61, 84, 461 Primary values, 448
Partial reinforcement, 220–221 475, 478 Poe, Edgar Allan, 311 Primary visual cortex, 79, 97, 114,
Passionate love, 419 See also Freudian theory Polarization, 598
Pathological aging, 424 Personality disorders, 515, 536–537 Polarized thinking, 565 161, 363
Pavlov, Ivan, 196, 197, 199, 202 Personality tests, 9, 450–451, Politics, 318, 590 Primates, 49, 69, 79, 226, 229, 316,
Peer influences, 404 474–475 Polygraph (lie detector) tests,
Peg method, 271 Personal profiles. See Case studies/ 323, 345
Pelzer, Dave, 394 personal profiles 370–371 The Principles of Psychology (James),
Penis, 339, 356, 408, 439 Person-centered therapy (client- Polymorphic genes, 68
Penis envy, 439, 440 centered therapy), 564 Pons, 73, 74 12
Perception, 121–145 Person perception, 582–584 Ponzo illusion, 133 Prison romance, 528
Person schemas, 584 Poole, Bobby, 274 Private practice, 17
constancy, 128 Person-situation interaction, 464, Porter, Cole, 311 Proactive interference, 266
creating, 140–141 468 Positive correlation coefficient, 32 Problem-focused coping, 499, 503
cross-cultural approach, 136–137 Perspective, visual, 130, 131 Positive psychology, 446, 495 Problem-solving, 84, 226, 308–309,
depth, 129–131, 132, 133 Persuasion, 590 Positive punishment, 219, 233
extrasensory, 138–139 Pessimism, 495 Positive reappraisal, 495 605. See also Learning
Gestalt approach, 13, 126–127 Peterson, Scott, 528 Positive regard, 445, 446, 564 Procedural (nondeclarative/implicit)
illusions, 132–133, 140 PET (positron emission tomography) Positive reinforcement, 218, 232
imagined, 172 scans, 71, 600. See also Positive symptoms of schizophrenia, memory, 149, 246, 248, 268, 441
and schizophrenia, 538 Neuroscience Processing speed, 415
student activities, 134, 142–145 Pets, 445 538, 541 Procrastination, 9, 21
subliminal, 121, 122, 135 Peyote, 59, 181 Positive thinking, 549 Prodigies, 297, 378. See also
synesthesia, 144 Phallic stage of psychosexual Positron emission tomography (PET)
thresholds, 122–123 development, 392, 439 Intelligence
vs. sensation, 93, 124–125 Phantom limb, 58 scans, 71. See also Neuroscience Progressive relaxation, 503
See also Senses Pharynx, 316 Postconventional level of moral Prohibition, 182
Perceptual constancy, 128 Phelps, Michael, 348 Projection, 437
Perceptual sets, 137 Phenomenological perspective, 442 reasoning, 412 Projective personality tests, 450–451,
Perceptual speed, 415 Phenothiazines (typical neuroleptic Postema, Pam, 585
Perfect negative correlation drugs), 541, 542, 557 Posterior pituitary, 82 474
coefficient, 32 Phi phenomenon (apparent motion), Posthypnotic amnesia, 172 Propranolol, 247, 278
Perfect positive correlation 13, 140 Posthypnotic suggestion, 172 Prosocial behavior, 595, 597
coefficient, 32 Phobias, 509 Posttraumatic stress disorder Prosser, Inez, 14
Performance goals, 20 and classical conditioning, 195, Proteins, 68
Peripheral cues, 335 (PTSD), 491, 510, 519, 573, 578 Prototype theory of concept
Peripheral nervous system (PNS), 198 Poverty, 288, 298–299, 307, 351
51, 72 cross-cultural approach, 522 Power rapists, 603 formation, 306, 307
Peripheral route for persuasion, 590 and emotions, 363 Prader-Willi syndrome, 332 Provogil, 192
Peripheral theories of emotions, 360 overview, 518 Praise, 350 Proximity rule of perception, 127
Permissive parents, 413 treatment for, 141, 225, 524–525, Precognition, 138 Proximodistal principle of motor
Personal beliefs, 27, 30, 258, 588 Preconventional level of moral
Personal distress, 595 567, 568, 575 development, 383
Personal fable, 390 Phonemes, 312, 320 reasoning, 412 Prozac (fluoxetine), 534
Personal factors, 458, 471 Phonology, 312 Predicting behavior, 4, 33, 464 Psilocybin, 180
Personal identity (self-identity), 416 Photographic memory, 254 Predispositions, 539, 540. See also Psi phenomena, 138–139
Personality, 433–455, 457–479 Photoreceptors, 95, 96, 114 Psychiatrists, 17, 557, 558
and achievement, 348 Physical abuse, 400. See also Child Genetic factors Psychic phenomena, 138–139
adolescence, 416 Prefrontal cortex, 242 Psychoactive drugs. See Drug
adulthood, 417 abuse/neglect
and aggression, 602 Physical appearance, 137, 141, 423, and ADHD, 35 treatments; Drug use
assessment, 9, 450–451, 474–475, adolescent underdevelopment, Psychoanalysis, 555, 556, 559, 560–563
591 Psychoanalytic approach. See
478, 512 Physical fitness, 336, 352, 415, 547 411, 430, 523
and circadian preference, 155 Physiological factors. See Biological and aging, 415 Freudian theory
and creativity, 311 and cognitive development, 391, Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 563
disorders, 515 factors Psychobiologists, 6, 19. See also
and eating disorders, 353 Physiological reflexes. See Reflexes 411, 415
and gender roles, 418 Piaget, Jean, 388, 391 and dreams, 161 Biological factors
humanistic theories, 442–446, 472 Piaget’s cognitive stages, 388–391, and emotions, 371 Psychodynamic theory. See Freudian
and hunger, 337 and meditation, 501
and language, 319 410 and memory, 242, 415 theory
and mood disorders, 533 Pica, 218 and mood disorders, 549 Psychokinesis, 138
and obesity, 454 Piloerection (goose bumps), 56, 485 and personality disorders, 537, 552 Psychological assessment, 9, 450–451,
and serial killers, 509 Pineal gland, 151 and schizophrenia, 539, 540
shyness, 449 Piriform (primary olfactory) cortex, and school shootings, 523 474–475, 478, 512–513
social cognitive theory, 449, 458– Pregnancy. See Prenatal development Psychological factors:
107 Prejudice, 583
461, 473 Pitch, 100, 104 Premature (rapid) ejaculation, 344 alcoholism, 183
stability of, 465, 470 Pituitary gland, 82, 408, 484, 485 Premo, Kate, 509, 514, 524, 567 and biological needs, 332
and stress, 494–497, 499 Placebo effect, 30, 31, 37, 111, 112, Prenatal development, 378–381 drug abuse, 188, 189
Preoperational stage of cognitive sexual behavior, 338, 340, 341,
708 S U B J E C T I N D E X 113, 525, 573 development, 389
Placenta, 380 Prepared learning. See Preparedness 343, 425
Place theory of pitch, 104 Preparedness, 200, 229 sexual problems, 344
Pleasure. See Reward/pleasure center Price, Jill, 254 weight, 352
Pleasure principle, 436 Primacy effect, 245 See also Psychosocial factors
Primacy-recency effect, 245 Psychological harm, 594
Primary appraisals, 482, 483, 499 Psychologists, 17
Psychology:
defined, 4
goals of, 4
historical approaches to, 12–13
modern approaches to, 5–11

Psychometric approach, 282, 310 R Relaxation, 162, 207, 501, 503, 524, Restoril, 162
Psychometrics, 19, 281. See also 567, 605 Reticular formation, 73, 157
Race: Retina, 95, 96, 99, 128, 129, 132, 150
Intelligence and achievement, 329, 348, 351 Reliability, 287, 451, 475, 614 Retinal cells, 150, 159
Psychoneuroimmunology, 488 and brain size, 85 Religion: Retinal disparity, 129
Psychopaths, 536–537, 552 and eyewitness testimony, 274 Retrieval cues, 265, 267, 271, 272
Psychoses, 176, 186, 513 and intelligence, 290, 293, 294, 296 and attitudes, 588 Retrieving (memory), 239, 244, 265,
Psychosexual stages of development, and motivation, 329, 348 and drug use, 59, 181
and perception, 141 and evolution, 69 267, 268
392, 393, 438–439 and person perception, 582, 583, and pain, 112 Retroactive interference, 266
Psychosocial factors: 600 and personality, 433, 434 Reuptake, 59, 175, 176, 177
and survey research, 29 and suicide, 427 Reward/pleasure center, 73
hunger, 334, 337 See also African Americans; and suicide bombers, 471
mood disorders, 533 Hispanic Americans; Racism REM behavior disorder, 153 and attractiveness, 582
personality disorders, 537 Remote surgery, 141 and drug use, 175, 176, 177, 178,
stress, 488–489 Racism: REM (rapid eye movement) sleep,
See also Psychological factors and attitude change, 589 147, 153, 154 181
Psychosocial stages of development, and attributions, 586 REM rebound, 153 and eating disorders, 353
393, 417, 440 and brain size, 85 Repair theory of sleep, 156 and emotions, 366
Psychosomatic symptoms, 486–487, and education, 290 Replication, 139 and motivation, 330
and IQ tests, 290, 291, 294, 296 Repressed memory, 250–251, 265 and operant conditioning, 219
491 and perception, 135 Repression, 250–251, 265, 437. See and relationships, 419, 420
and autonomic nervous system, 81 and person perception, 583 also Repressed memory Rewards, 21, 331. See also Operant
behavior therapy for, 233, 568 in psychology field, 14 Research, 27–45 conditioning
and hypnosis, 173 social neuroscience on, 600 case study approach, 28, 30, 35, Rhino horn, 31
and relaxation, 503 and stereotypes, 583 Rhodopsin, 96
Psychotherapy, 555–579 310, 500, 523, 561 Risk-taking behavior, 411
and aging, 424 Rader, Dennis, 509, 510, 515, 552 choosing techniques, 34 Risky shi , 598
for anxiety disorders, 517, 524– Ramirez, Richard, 528 controversies, 27, 39 Risperidone, 541
Randi, James, 138, 139 correlation, 32–33, 85 Ritalin (methylphenidate), 27, 36–37,
525 Random selection, 36 and discrimination, 84 39, 192
for child abusers, 401, 568 Range, 612 and ESP, 139 Road rage, 602
common factors in, 571 Rape, 183, 491, 603 ethical issues, 40–41, 60, 594 Robotic surgery, 141
cross-cultural approach, 572 Rape myths, 603 and Freudian theory, 563 Rods, 96
cybertherapy, 571 Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, interviews, 34 Rogers, Carl, 444–445, 472, 564
defined, 556 longitudinal vs. cross-sectional Role schemas, 584
for dissociative disorders, 545 147, 153, 154 Rolling Stones, 310
and dreams, 160, 435, 561 Rapid (premature) ejaculation, 344 methods, 386 Romantic love, 419, 528
and drug abuse, 189 Ratio IQ, 285 method overview, 28 Rorschach inkblot test, 450, 451, 512
and drug use, 181 Rationalization, 437 and placebos, 31, 111 Roseto phenomenon, 497
for eating disorders, 353 Rat Man case, 561, 562 questionnaires, 34, 155 Rotter, Julian, 459
eclectic approach, 559 Rave parties, 181 replication, 139 Rules of organization, 126–127
effectiveness of, 559, 571 Rayner, Rosalie, 204 settings, 35 Rush, Benjamin, 556
and Freudian theory, 435, 555, Reaction formation, 437 specialization areas, 18–19 Russia, 367
Reaction range, 293 statistics, 37, 610–617
556, 559, 560–563 Reaction time, 415 student activities, 38, 42–43 S
historical background, 555–557 Reactive attachment disorder, 11, 377 surveys, 28, 29
and humanistic theories, 446 Reading, 320 See also Experimental research; Sabur, Alia, 281
and hypnosis, 173 Real (in vivo) exposure, 525, 567 Sadistic rapists, 603
insight therapies, 555, 556, 559, Reality principle, 436 Research Focus feature SAD (seasonal affective disorder),
Real motion, 140 Research Focus feature:
560–565 Real self, 444 159, 532
mind-body therapy, 487 Recall, 261, 264 ADHD, 39 Safety needs, 333
for mood disorders, 534, 549 Recency effect, 245 aggression, 230 Salem witch trials, 510
for personality disorders, 536 Receptors, 54 attributions, 587 Salinger, J. D., 286
and psychology careers, 17 Recessive genes, 68 brain gender differences, 84 Saliva, 106
and repressed memories, Recognition, 261, 264 classical conditioning, 204 Salivation, 196, 197, 201, 202
Recovered memories. See Repressed depression treatment, 547 Sanchez, George, 14
250–251 drug prevention, 187 Sativex, 186
and research, 18 memory EMDR, 573 Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue, 323
for sexual problems, 344 Reflecting, 564 emotional intelligence, 369 Savants, 3, 7, 311, 378
for shyness, 449 Reflexes: intelligence, 297 Scandinavian countries, 205
student activities, 569, 576–579 marriage, 422 Schachter, Stanley, 361
types of, 558–559, 570 and brain structure, 73, 74 memory, 247, 273 Schachter-Singer experiment, 361
virtual reality in, 141, 524, 578 and classical conditioning, 196, note-taking strategies, 16 Schedules of reinforcement, 220–221
See also Behavior therapy; panic disorder, 500 Schemas, 420, 584
197, 201, 217 personality change, 470 Schiavo, Terri, 90
Cognitive-behavioral therapy defined, 56 phantom limb, 58 Schizophrenia, 34, 514, 531, 538–542,
Psychotic mental disorders, 516 Rehearsing, 240, 242, 243, 245, 271 placebos, 111
PTSD (posttraumatic stress Reinforcement, 215, 216, 218–219, school shootings, 523 556, 557
220–221, 604, 605 shyness, 449 Schizotypal personality disorder, 535
disorder), 491, 510, 519, 573, 578 Relationships, 419–420, 422, 423 subliminal perception, 135 Schneider, Charles, 47
Puberty, 408–409, 439. See also conflicts in, 492, 497 temperament, 386 School psychologists, 17
and emotions, 369 Resiliency, 394, 415, 441 School shootings, 523
Adolescence marriage, 332, 334, 420, 422, 423 Resistance, 562, 563 Scientific method, 36–37, 187
Punishment, 218, 219, 593 social skills, 549 Resistance stage of stress, 487 Scripts (event schemas), 584
Pupil, 95, 485 social support, 497 Respiration, 485 Seasonal affective disorder (SAD),
Purposeful behavior, 459 Relative size, 130 Resting state, 53
PYY (hormone), 335 159, 532

Q S U B J E C T I N D E X 709

Quantum personality change, 470
Questionnaire research, 34, 155