ITAspire_JTMK_

IT ASPIRE
VOLUME 1.0
NUMBER 1
2020

JABATAN TEKNOLOGI MAKLUMAT DAN KOMUNIKASI

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No part of this publication may be translated or reproduced in any retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or

otherwise, without prior permission in writing from Politeknik Seberang Perai.

Published by i

Politeknik Seberang Perai
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ISSN : 2805-5209

Advisory Board

Sr Harith Fadzilah bin Abd Khalid, MRISM
Dr. Salmi binti Che Meh

Ts. Dr. Zulhadi bin Zakaria
Ts. Leila binti Adja Radjeman @ Radjiman

Ts. Rohazlin binti Mohamed Iqbal

Editorial Board

Norbahiah binti Zakaria
Virakwan a/p Hai Kelian
Rosmawati binti Jaafar

Layout and Designer

Azilah binti Abd. Rahim
Norbahiah binti Zakaria

ii

Reviewer Board

Dr. Jailani bin Abdul Kadir Politeknik Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin
Dr. Nui a/p Din Keraf Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah

Dr. Nur Azilina binti Abdul Aziz Politeknik Seberang Perai
Dr. Siti Rozakiyah Assurin binti Hassan Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah
Dr. Syahrul Hifi Syam bin Ahmad Jamil Politeknik Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin

Husaini Aza bin Mohd Adam Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah
Mohamad Yusrizal bin Mohamed Yusoff Kolej Komuniti Kuching

Ts. Dr. Mohd Najib bin Hamdan Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah
Ts. Dr. Zulhadi bin Zakaria Politeknik Seberang Perai
Ts. Dr. Anuar bin Hassan Politeknik Nilai

Mohd Helmy bin Abd Wahab Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Norliza binti Mhd Rodzi Wawasan Open University

Ts. Dr. Mohd Effendi @ Ewan bin Mohd. Matore Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

PREFACE

Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh.

The highest gratitude is extended to Allah SWT for His bounty and permission, JTMK iii
Academic Journal-IT ASPIRE was successfully published. Here I would like to
congratulate to all staffs in Department of Information and Communication
Technology, Politeknik Seberang Perai for the cooperation and efforts that have been
mobilized for the first time to ensure the successful publication of this journal. This
journal is a collection of articles written by lecturers and final semester students in the
Diploma in Information Technology (Digital Technology) programme about their final
projects, which include development of system projects, internet of things (IoT),
mobile application, and augmented reality.

The journal provides a platform for lecturers and students to participate and share
knowledge in the form of research writing. This journal is a collection of projects that
have been carried out covering the field of information technology and applications
leading to the fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0). The resulting project shows the
interaction between several devices and humans built based on components in the
internet of things, augmented reality and digital system integration.

This Academic Journal - IT ASPIRE can be used as a reference for project supervisors
and students to build a more effective final project that can generate excellence in
information technology education in general. In fact, it is hoped that this journal can
be used as a reference for various groups of readers who want to get information and
project example specific initiatives in the field of information technology.

Finally, it is hoped that this journal will give readers with information and a general
overview of projects-based information technology and applications, as well as
continue to broaden expertise to achieve future project development success.

Ts. Dr. Zulhadi bin Zakaria
Head Of Department
Department Of Information and Communication Technology
Politeknik Seberang Perai

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Editorial Board ii
Preface iii
Table of Contents iv - vi

Internet Of Things (IOT) 2

Face Mask and Contactless Temperature Detector 14
Noor Hafizzah Ismail, Damodar Krishna Lim Nimai,
Lee Song Yi, Yugendran Subramaniam 31
42
Dry and Wet Garbage Separator Using IoT 50
Noor Azleen Mohd Noor, Aini Syuhada Adb Aziz, 57
Rathtiya Mee Chai, Firzanah Akasah 73
79
Garbage Level and Odour Monitoring System 89
Norkiah Sulaiman, Rishika Kunalan, Jeevitha Lingaesparen
103
RFID Library Student
Norbahiah Zakaria, Nur Muhammad Jaafar,
Luqman Abrar Ahmad Firdaus, Hafiz Rusydi Mansoor

iv RFID Attendance System with Face Recognition
Sabrina Syed Sultan, Vimalla Subramaniam, Pavitra Manokar
Sangeetha Othman

Vehicle Breakdown Assistance with GPS
Harmila Tukiman, Priyadharrsini G.I.Raj Kumar,
Kaushaalya Rajakumar, Sharvena Shri Jeyabalan

Auto Countable Basket
Rosmawati Jaafar, Nur Leyana Abd Kahar,
Anis Umairah Md Saukeri, Nurul Najwa Mohd Sukri

Light Door Sensor Using IOT
Rooszana Abdul Rahman, Fakhrul Aiman Mohd Adib,
Muhammad Ali Imran Mohd Mukahayadi, Muhammad Ehsan Ab Halim

Aplikasi Sistem Penyiraman Automatik (SPA) Di
Tapak Semaian Tanaman Hiasan
Virakwan Hai Kelian, Phatchari Bun Mi, Ku Hui Jing
Nush Shama Chan Tha Rat

Penambahbaikan Ciri-ciri Keselamatan Tabung Masjid
berteraskan IoT
Anis Mardhiyah Azroai, Siti Aishah Azhar,
Nur Safura Ahmad Nazri, Alia Anati Mohamed Azam

Robotic Vaccum Cleaner 118 v
Rosmawati Jaafar, Muhammad Ameen Redha Nadzeri,
Abdul Hafiz Khalid, Meor Afiq Irfan Meor Razak 128
146
System Software 163
170
Booking and Staff Management of Cleaning Service 185
Company 202
Siti Farrah Md Hashim, Logeshini SubramaniamSubramaniam, 215
Darchana Chandrasegaran, Sri Mahalecthumy Somasundaram 237
Inventory System for PSP Corporation 250
Harmila Tukiman, Jessy Ooi, Kausellea Perthisvararaj, 264
Priyatarshini Purusothemam
Password Login System for Min Sports Shop
Norzawati Ahmad, Rachael Ann Felix Leo,
Nur Syahirah Mohd Tarmizi, Najwatun Husna Saad
Poly Medical System
Nor Atiqah Ahmad, Wan Nuranis Nabilah Wan Zawawi,
Siti Atikah Mohd Fitri, Nur Syafiqah Khairi
PSP E-Summons System
Nur Wahida Janudin, Muhammad Hamzah Tajudeen,
Muhammad Aiman Fikri Marizan
Aplikasi Tempahan Kereta Sewa
Izziani Azizan, Muhammad Alif Mohd Nasir,
Muhammad Hafiz Abdul Ghani, Muhammad Izat Ali
Laman Web EzyAqiqah
Mohd Mazlisyam Salleh, Nurul Aqilah Rahmat,
Nur Izni Ahmad Shukri, Siti Nuratikah Che Omar
Movement Staff Update (MSU) System
Sabrina Syed Sultan, Nur Farah Nadia Abd Aziz,
Muhammad Danial Iman Yusri, Fathiah Awanis Kamalruzaman
Keberkesanan Sistem Inventori Peralatan Sukan Dalam
Meningkatkan Keberkesanan Pengurusan JSKK
Siti Farrah Md Hashim, Nurul Anis Natasha Hisham,
Nurul Aini Binti Mawardi, NurSolehah Binti Omar
Sistem Pengurusan Rekod Klien, Unit Pengurusan Psikologi
Norzila Ishak, Izlan Hazimi Mohd Azhar, Nurul Ain Shariff,
Nur Aishah Alya Muhamad Naim

Mobile Application (Apps)

PECS Application V2 282
Nurhidayah Mokhtar, Nur Aqilah Hasnan, Siti Safiyyah Yahaya, 291
Nur Husna Athirah Kamadzaman 304
317
Implementation of Scoring Application V2 329
Nurhidayah Mokhtar, William Ng Wei Yi, 347
Damian Lourdes Iruthayaraj, Sri Methiren Subramaniam
357
Outcome Based Education (OBE) Application
Ts. Shu Haila Mohd Yusof, Nurin Farahin Samsuri,
Fatin Farhana Ramlan, Nur Asa Syafiqa Anisa Ab Hamid

Aplikasi Latihan Disleksia
Nurhidayah Mokhtar, Muhammad Haris Haikal Jainuddin,
Muhammad Hilmi Zaipulazmar,
Syed Ali Farhan Shahabudin Syed Alwi Shahabudin

Visual Motor SI Tracing Apps
Ts. Muna Binti Ishak, Nurul Nadiah Binti Zainal,
Nurul Izzati Binti Idris, Syazwi Nadhirah Binti Jefren

Parcel Delivery Apps Using SMS Notification for

vi COTL, PSP
Yuvanes Kuppan, Aimie Natassya Badlee Rose,
Nurbatrisyia Afza Junaidi, Nur Rasikhah Abidah Mior Salehuddin

Augmented Reality (AR)

Augmented Reality For Watercycle
Ts. Saw Bee Fong, Muhammad Ikhwan Sazri Mohd Sabri,
Ahmad Shakir Atikullah

IOT

1

IT ASPIRE VOL. 1, NO. 1, 2020| JTMK, PSP

Face Mask and Contactless Temperature Detector

IOT Noor Hafizzah Binti Ismail1
Damodar Krishna Lim Nimai 2

Lee Song Yi 3
Yugendran A/L Subramaniam4
1Jabatan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi, Politeknik Seberang Perai;

([email protected])
2Jabatan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi, Politeknik Seberang Perai;

([email protected])
3Jabatan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi, Politeknik Seberang Perai;

([email protected])
4Jabatan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi, Politeknik Seberang Perai;

([email protected])

Abstract The World Health Organisation (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-

19) is a pandemic (2020). A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further spread of the virus.

A pandemic is defined as “occurring over a wide geographic area and affecting an exceptionally high

proportion of the population.” The routes of transmission of COVID-19 remains unclear at present, but

evidence from other coronaviruses and respiratory diseases indicates that the disease may spread

through large respiratory droplets and direct or indirect contact with infected secretions. The WHO

suggests the basic preventative measures to protect against the coronavirus, including perform hand

hygiene frequently with an alcohol-based hand rub if hands are not visibly dirty or with soap and water

if hands are dirty, practice respiratory hygiene by coughing or sneezing into a bent elbow or tissue and

then immediately disposing of the tissue, wearing a mask a normal part of being around other people

2 and also maintain at least a 1 meter distance between yourself and others. Based on the situation
researchers are aware that there will be problems to comply with the guidelines of wearing face mask

among students, staff and visitors of the Polytechnic Seberang Perai library. Therefore, to address this

problem the researchers has developed a project which involves in setting a face mask and

contactless temperature (FMT) detector. The research methodology includes software and hardware

development that can stand alone using comprised of a webcam, MLX90614 non-contact temperature

sensor, Raspberry Pi 3B, character LCD display and a piezo buzzer also the programming language

used is Python to provide a detector based on the Agile model.This invention was chosen in lieu of

the current global COVID-19 pandemic whereby wearing face masks and identifying

symptoms such as fever could help to curb the spread of the disease. The FMT detector is

designed to detect and display the temperature reading of those entering the library, to track

and remind those entering the library to wear masks by displaying an indicator mark on the
screen. It will also alert those whose temperature is above 37.5℃ with a buzzer sound as a

warning. This study is expected to help the library of Polytechnic Seberang Perai, especially in

helping to make temperature screening and the application of face masks among students, staff

and visitors more effectively.

Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, face mask, temperature detector

1 INTRODUCTION

Based on data obtained from Worldometers, a website that reports COVID-19 cases daily around
the world is the main reason for choosing the title of this study. The COVID-19 health crisis has turned
into a global economic crisis, endangering the health, employment, and income of millions of people
worldwide (International Labor Organization, 2020). COVID-19 positive patients were identified as
having special respiratory symptoms (such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, and inflamed pulmonary

IT ASPIRE VOL. 1, NO. 1, 2020| JTMK, PSP IOT

infiltration) and other symptoms such as fatigue, mialgia, and diarrhea (Huang et al., 2020). When a 3
patient coughs or sneezes, drops that come out of the cough or sneeze will spread and infect others who
may inhale the drops or contact surfaces that have been settled by the droplets. The disease has infected
nearly 23 million people and caused the deaths of nearly 790,000 people from December 2019 to August
2020. There are no effective antiviral drugs for treatment, and vaccines are still in the experimental
stage (Zumla et al., 2016). Therefore, in order to save lives and to prevent the global economy from
getting worse, we need to prevent COVID-19 from spreading by taking precautions. Malaysia has
become like Singapore, Hong Kong and Vietnam when it is mandatory to wear face masks in public
places to overcome COVID-19 infection from 1 August 2020 (The Straits Time, 2020). People also are
asked to practice social and physical distancing which maintain at least 1 meter from each other and
avoid being in crowded places to avoid infection. Preventing individuals with COVID-19 symptoms
from entering public places is one way to reduce the spread of infection. The less physical contact with
others the better our safety. In this regard, the researchers have come up with ideas involving the setting
of Face Mask and Contactless Temperature (FMT) Detector that will detect whether a person enters the
premises wearing a face mask or not, and has a normal or high temperature reading. This is a simple
precautionary measure to keep students, staff and visitors safe while on campus, especially in libraries
where there will be interactions between students in confined spaces.

1.1 Problem Statement

In the current situation, it is difficult to monitor the movement of students and to ensure they are
constantly wearing masks because Polytechnic Seberang Perai being an educational institution, has
people going in and out of its premises most of the time. Students too move around the campus and
may forget to wear face masks when entering the library. Precaution is the best way to slow down the
pandemic from becoming worse, so it is only wise to take preventive measures such as wearing face
masks and monitoring one’s body temperature in addition to keeping clean to slow the spread of the
COVID-19 disease until a vaccine is out in the market. Detecting whether one is wearing a face mask,
and if one has a temperature may be small steps that can be taken to ensure students and staff are safe
while at the campus, specifically in the library where there will be interaction between students in a
confined space. If students do not wear a face mask, they may spread the disease to others. Wearing a
face mask protects others. Similarly, fever is one of the symptoms of the disease. If someone is having
a fever, it will be good if they go and see a doctor, seek treatment. This will help prevent the spread of
any disease. So, if some kind of detector could be used to detect a temperature, i.e. ≥ 37.5℃, and
whether one has a face mask on before they enter the library, it will be a step forward in reducing the
spread of the disease among the polytechnic students, staff and others.

1.2 Objectives

The objective of this project is to produce a Face Mask and contactless Temperature detector
(FMT detector) which will consist of a webcam, MLX 90614 non-contact temperature sensor,
Raspberry Pi 3B and a system display. The FMT detector will help us achieve the following
objectives:
a. To develop smart Face Mask and Contactless Temperature Detector.
b. To track and remind students, staff and visitors entering the library area to wear face masks by

displaying an indicator mark on the screen.
c. To alert students, staff and visitor whose temperature are ≥ 37.5℃ or no face mask is detected by

displaying an indicator mark on the screen together with buzzer sound as a warning.

1.2 Scope of Work

Students, staff and visitors of Polytechnic Seberang Perai library will scan their face to detect
their temperature and at the same time they will be made aware if they are not wearing face masks
before entering the library. This is a self-check detector. When the detector does not detect a face mask,
or when it detects a temperature, the info will be displayed on the system display and a buzzer will go

IOT IT ASPIRE VOL. 1, NO. 1, 2020| JTMK, PSP

off so that the users can take further action of either putting on the mask, not entering the library as well
as seeking medical attention if necessary. It will reduce the burden of the security personnel who cannot
be taking note of whether all library users are wearing face masks or have fever.

This project will use a webcam, MLX 90614 non-contact temperature sensor, Raspberry Pi 3B
board, character LCD display, a piezo buzzer and powered by a USB Power Brick. If the user is
remotely accessing the Raspberry Pi, a VNC Viewer and VNC compatible device is needed (PC, laptop,
Smartphone). The MLX 90614 non-contact temperature sensor reads the person’s temperature when
they scan their face. The reading will be displayed on the system display, together with a tick (⁄) for go,
and a cross (X) for no go, and a buzzer will go off. At the same time, the webcam will scan the face to
detect for face mask. That information too will be displayed on the system display with a tick (⁄) for go,
and a cross (X) for no go and just like the temperature, a buzzer will go off. The programming language
that will be used is Phyton. The Raspberry Pi can be remotely by using a VNC Viewer on a PC, laptop,
and other devices that supports VNC Viewer. The Raspberry Pi will need a power source at all time to
be powered. It can be charged using a power bank or micro USB cable with power brick. Our system
only supports metric system with mean it only show Celsius (℃). One limitation of the system is that
the face being scanned should be at least 10cm away from the camera for optimal functioning.

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

In the current situation of COVID-19 pandemic which has affected the entire world, causing so
many losses of lives, it has become a necessity to keep safe even during simple daily interactions. Facial
recognition could be used to identify if someone is wearing a mask, and non-contact thermal sensors
could be used to identify symptom such as fever without coming in close contact with anyone. If these
two features can be combined into a portable face mask and temperature detector, which is small enough
to be placed strategically and used within a small area, then it could even be a live saver especially in
places frequented by people of many different backgrounds. It could be maintained by charging the
4 power bank daily and used by visitors without the stakeholder coming up with extra hands to man it.
Thermal imaging and infrared sensors are the most common type of non-contact temperature sensors
and are used in the following circumstances: when the target object is moving (such as on a conveyor
belt or within moving machinery), if it’s a great distance away if there’s a dangerous surrounding
environment (such as high voltages) or at extremely high temperatures where a contact sensor would
not function appropriately (Pyrosales, 2020). According to Nguyen, Cohen et al (2010) Infrared thermal
detection systems (ITDS) offer a potentially useful alternative to contact thermometry and this
technology was used for fever screening at hospitals, airports, and other mass transit sites during the
severe acute respiratory syndrome and influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 outbreaks. Thus, a
contactless thermal detector is safer to use to detect a person’s temperature when the situation is dire
and dangerous.

Facial recognition is a way of recognizing a human face through technology. A facial recognition
system uses biometrics to map facial features from a photograph or video. It compares the information
with a database of known faces to find a match (Symanovich, 2020). In order to recognize a face, the
camera should be able to identify features found on a human face such as a pair of eyes, a nose, and a
mouth and lock onto the face using algorithms. It should be noted that facial recognition is not facial
identification, it is just software looking for faces (Heinzman, 2019). In order to avoid infringement of
personal biometric data, the FMT detector will not be identifying faces, but will only be detecting a face
mask on the face. Biometric companies around the world are working on releasing advanced solutions
to identify people wearing masks, to introduce contactless tech to ensure environment safety and to
develop fever detectors to assist global containment efforts (Pascu, 2020). This facial recognition
technology can be found through open source or closed source software example like OpenCV (Open
Computer Vision), YOLO (You only look once), and others. The easy access to tutorials and community
of users will be helpful for beginners in projects development. Researchers have also conducted a
literature review of each hardware component needed to understand its function and suitability for the
following projects:

IT ASPIRE VOL. 1, NO. 1, 2020| JTMK, PSP IOT

a. Non-Contact infrared thermometer 5
According to the FDA, non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) may help reduce cross-

contamination and the risk of spreading diseases, as opposed to traditional infrared thermometers. They
are easy to clean and use, making them accessible and safe for many people, not just trained medical
professionals. NCIT, however, often refers to a thermometer that uses infrared but must be operated by
a person, which is less safe and pulls staff away from their work. (Morefield Communications, 2020).
The non-contact thermal sensor we choose are MLX90614. This sensor from company call Melexis.The
MLX90614 is an infrared thermometer for non-contact temperature measurements. Both the IR
sensitive thermopile detector chop and the signal conditioning ASIC are integrated in the same TO-39
can. Integrated into the MLX90614 is a low noise amplifier, a 17-bit ADC and powerful DSP unit thus
achieving high accuracy and resolution of the thermometer. So, we choose this sensor because many
other projects that are similar to ours use this sensor for temperature detection. This sensor intake 3.3V
and is compatible with raspberry pi which is used in our project. The benefits of MLX90614 is it is
small in size, low cost, high accuracy of 0.5℃ over wide temperature range and it can sense between -
70 ~ 125℃ for object temperature.

b. Raspberry Pi
The Raspberry Pi is a low cost, credit-card sized computer that plugs into a computer monitor or

TV, and uses a standard keyboard and mouse. It is a capable small device that enables people of all ages
to explore computing, and to learn how to program in languages like Scratch and Python. With a
Raspberry Pi, we can create devices that include everything from a robotic arm to a Wi-Fi security
camera to a standalone web server. (Piltch, 2020). The specification for Raspberry Pi Model B is Quad
ore 1.2Ghz Broadcom BCM2837 64bit CPU with 1 GB RAM. It has BCM43438 wireless LAN, and 4
USB 2.0 ports. It also comes with 4 Pole stereo output and composite video port and a full size HDMI
port. It has Micro SD port for loading operating system and storing data. It uses Micro USB power
source up to 2.5A.

c. HD Webcam
A generic webcam that is used for the face mask detection in order to reduce cost. It has a 720P

high-definition camera. It also has auto focus and supports 720P video calls.

d. LCD display and Piezo Buzzer
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical

device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers. Liquid
crystals do not emit light directly, instead use a backlight or reflector to produce images in color. Piezo
buzzers are simple devices that can generate basic beeps and tones. They work by using a piezo crystal,
a special material that changes shape when voltage is applied to it.

2.1 Comparison Proposed Project with Existing Projects

Table 1: Comparison Proposed Project with Existing Projects

Parameter FMT ACFT-3516DS327C MS1110FT

Source Code Open Source (Python) Close Source Close Source
5V/2.5A DC 12V/3A 12W
Power intake
Not Support Support Support
Multi
Language -70 ~ 125℃ 30 ~ 45℃ 0 ~ 50℃
-RJ45 100Mbps
Temperature -RJ45 100Mbps Ethernet -RJ45 100Mbps Ethernet -Built-in WIFI module
Face database up to
Internet -Got wireless option - No wireless 20,000
Interface
Facial Just detect either wearing - Can save up to 100,000 Not mentioned
Recognition
face mask or not facial recognition records
System OS
Raspberry Pi OS Not mentioned

IT ASPIRE VOL. 1, NO. 1, 2020| JTMK, PSP

IOT Camera 5 Mega Pixel 2 Mega Pixel 2MP Dual Lens
Advantage - Just Plug and Play
- Fully Open Source - Just Plug and Play - Face Database up to
- Consume less power - Multi Language
- Portable as long got 20,000
support - Support Tamper Alarm
power bank with micro - Save up to 100,000 - Over Heat Warning and
USB connect to
Raspberry Pi facial recognition Alarm I/O
- Real time warning with record
buzzer to alert the user - Higher temperature - Expensive
- Can put it anywhere accuracy
- Automatic register and
- Limited feature record information
Disadvantage - Does not automatic - Real time warning

register and record info - Expensive
- Cannot put this project

3m near source of heat

3 METHODOLOGY

SDLC or Software Development Life Cycle is the process of producing software with the highest

quality and lowest cost in the shortest possible time (Sacolick, 2020). This provides a well-structured

phase flow that helps the project team produce high quality software that is quickly tested and ready to

use. Agile models were chosen to be implemented in the SDLC process which anticipates change and

allows for more flexibility than traditional methods. The word ‘agile’ refers to the ability to move

quickly and easily. Thus, the Agile approach allows project teams to adapt more quickly and easily

compared to other project methodologies (Wrike, 2020). Agile methods or Agile processes generally

6 promote a disciplined project management process that encourages frequent inspections and
adjustments, a leadership philosophy that drives teamwork and the achievement of goals that align

project development with stakeholder needs. Stakeholder can make small objective changes without

major amendments to the budget or schedule. This method saves the stakeholder time as they tests and

approves the product at each expansion step. If there is a problem encountered, then changes can be

made during the production cycle to solve the problem. There are several stages in the Agile model

which are planning, requirement analysis, design, coding and unit testing, and maintenance.

3.1 Hardware Configuration

The face mask scanner is a webcam that scans and reports the presence or non-presence of face
mask on the face of the person. The MLX 90614 non-contact temperature sensor reads the person’s
temperature when they scan their face. The LCD display is connected to both the webcam and non-
contact thermal sensor via the Raspberry Pi in order to display the info regarding the status of face mask
compliance and temperature (Figure 3.1). It will display ‘facemask = /’, if not it will display ‘facemask
= X’ and alert user (Figure 3.2). After detecting the face mask, it will then measure the temperature of
the user. If the user’s temperature is higher than 37.5℃, if will show temperature on LCD screen and
alert user (Figure 3.3). If temperature is lower than 37.5℃, it will show the temperature on LCD screen
and the user allowed to enter the place. The buzzer is connected to both the webcam and non-contact
thermal sensor via the Raspberry Pi in order to display the info regarding the status of face mask
compliance and temperature. The buzzer is programmed to sound an alarm whenever there is non-
presence of face mask and presence of temperature higher than 37.5℃. If a face mask is not detected
after the detector is done scanning, the FMT detector will make a buzz noise from a buzzer and display
‘facemask = X’ on the LCD display. Then after face mask detection, it starts to measure temperature.
If user’s temperature is higher than 37.5℃, it will display temperature and make buzz noise from buzzer.

IT ASPIRE VOL. 1, NO. 1, 2020| JTMK, PSP

IOT

7

Figure 1: Detector Schematic Design

Figure 2 : Result for detect user did not Figure 3 : Result from measure user’s
wear facemask temperature higher than 37.5℃

3.1.1 Justification of SDLC Model Selection

The justification for the selection of the SDLC model is to consider some of the benefits that can
be obtained in project management based on the Agile model among which are the project team working
in a rapidly changing environment, such as technology, the project team that needs to work closely with
stakeholders throughout the project is developed, the project team that emphasizes process and product
improvement and always strives to innovate, the project team that needs to make a prototype before
building the final project and the project that is developed requires prompt feedback from stakeholder
on each product iteration before moving on to the next version or draft.

3.1.2 Planning
Agile planning is a project planning method that estimates work using self-contained work units

IOT IT ASPIRE VOL. 1, NO. 1, 2020| JTMK, PSP

called iterations or sprints. Sprints are periods of 1 to 3 weeks in which a team focuses on a small set of
work items, and aims to complete them. Agile planning defines which items are done in each sprint,
and creates a repeatable process, to help teams learn how much they can achieve. In the planning phase,
the need for the FMT detector was identified and discussed with the stakeholder on the issue of students
or visitors not wearing mask, and who may have fever being informed of their status before they enter
the library, and ways to overcome the problem.

3.1.3 Requirement Analysis

In the analysis phase of the study is done based on project needs that include software
requirements, hardware requirements, and programming language to be used selected and developed,
but most importantly the needs analysis from stakeholders so that the innovative product features
developed can meet their needs and wants and used to achieve actual project objectives.

3.1.4 Design

Once the project is identified and through collaboration with stakeholders to determine needs, the
project team uses user flow diagrams (Figure 3.4) to show how project features work and how they fit
into the existing environment. Through the design phase, the project team is clearer to implement the
project and allocate resources based on a set timeline. In this phase, specifying the hardware and system
requirements and also defining overall system architecture was done. The software code to be written
in the next phase was created.

8

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9

Figure 4 : Flowchart of Detector Works
3.1.5 Coding and Unit Testing

In the coding and unit testing phase, the code is programmed using the Python programming
language and becomes the main focus for developers in ensuring that the detector can function as agreed
with the stakeholders. This is the longest phase of the software development life cycle in which the
detector is integrated with all the hardware requirements that have been determined. Once the code is
developed, it is then implemented step by step in order to ensure it works with the components installed
on the detector and there are no errors that can cause the project objectives to be unattainable. To meet
the desired characteristics, repeated tests are performed. In the testing process, the developed devices
are tested in units, then in the testing of integration for all components and implemented repeatedly to
identify all the problems that need to be fixed.
3.1.6 Maintenance

The maintenance phase occurs once the system is operational. It includes implementation of

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changes that software might undergo over a period of time, or implementation of new requirements
after the software is deployed. This phase also includes handling the residual errors that may exist in
the software even after the testing phase also monitors system performance, rectifies bugs and requested
changes are made. In the maintenance phase the plans of the project are put into motion. It is deployed
into a live environment. It is then monitored and checked on for any possible upgrades that can be done
for it.

3.2 Hardware and Software Requirement

Software requirements for FMT detectors are set using Phyton object-oriented programming
languages to run encoding. It is a high-level programming language used today and is available on
almost all operating systems. Python has lib for the MLX90614 thermal sensor. The reason Python was
chosen compared to C# or C++ is because a bigger reference is available compared to other
programming language that can be used for this project. Also, OpenCV is compatible with Python,
therefore, we can find a lot of examples of using OpenCV by using Python. Besides the Phyton, VNC
is used to remote access the Raspberry Pi. The VNC client (or viewer) is the program that represents
the screen data originating from the server, receives updates from it, and presumably controls it by
informing the server of collected local input. Since the Raspbian OS comes with VNC server, the user
can connect via the Raspberry Pi’s IP address. The main menu of the Raspberry Pi consist of a user
login by entering a user name and password.

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The projects developed meet all the objectives of the project that have been set and also meet the
main goal of preventing individuals with COVID-19 symptoms from entering public places and also
10 can reduce the spread of infection. The FMT detector will detect whether a person enters the premises
wearing a face mask or not and has a normal or high temperature reading where it will alert who did
not wear face mask by displaying output or buzzer sound from buzzer. Then this project also will alert
the user by the buzzer sound and display the temperature on LCD screen. Next, the readings also can
be accessed through connection to PC or laptop monitor with HDMI cable or by remote access using
VNC viewer. Through this way, this process owner or stakeholder can view the outputs from the
webcam and sensor, for example temperature reading as well as whether users are wearing face mask
or not, in their PC, laptop or mobile phone. Integration testing has been carried out on this developed
project to assess the level of functionality to meet all the set objectives (Table 4.1). The results of the
test found that all objectives are achieved and can be used to meet the needs of stakeholder. Finally,
using this project also can reduce the staff from being infected by pandemic disease where the students,
staff and visitor can be access just by looking from the camera of detector without to place a guard at
entry to oversee the behavior of student. First, limitation of this project is high latency between webcam
and Raspberry Pi which is because of USB interface. Second, temperature result glitch out. Here it
means the sensor is because i2c bus is separated for LCD screen and temperature, instead of using 1
default i2c bus with multiple of slave device. So, sometimes it will glitch out with 1K℃. Finally, this
project has a limitation that if the user is too close to the webcam, it will crash the program. The reason
is that the webcam captures too much pixels and the CPU of the Raspberry Pi cannot cope with the load
which then causes it to crumble.

Table 2 : Result of Integration Testing

Integration Testing Plan (ITP)

No Test Case Test Pre-condition Expected Result Result
Pass
Name Procedure Display face mask = / on
LCD screen and the frame
1. Detection of Detect user Face needs to be in show border box is green on

Face Mask got wear front of webcam and

facemask don’t get too close to

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webcam remote access

2. Detection of Detect user Face needs to be in Display face mask = X on Pass IOT
Face Mask didn’t wear front of webcam and LCD display and show Pass
facemask don’t get too close to border box is red on remote
webcam access and buzzer goes off
Show temperature of user on
3. Detection of Detect user Face needs to be in LCD and remote access
temperature temperature front of sensor
is normal

4. Detection of Detect Face needs to be in Show temperature on LCD Pass
and remote access
temperature abnormal front of sensor

temperature

4.1 Detection of Face Mask

One of the FMT detector feature is that it can detect whether someone is wearing a face mask or
not. This is made possible by OpenCV and TensorFlow. It scans by using a webcam connected to the
Raspberry Pi via USB. The FMT scans the face to see if it can detect a nose, a mouth, the ears and the
eyes. If it detects the nose and mouth, then it tells that the person is not wearing a mask. If the does not
detect that the person’s mouth and nose, then it tells that the person is wearing a mask. The results will
be displayed on an LCD display, facemask = / will be displayed if the person is wearing mask, and
facemask = x if they are not wearing a mask. An alert will be sounded by a buzzer in the detector also
if someone is not wearing a mask. On the admin side, the result of someone not wearing a mask will be
displayed on the admin’s interface.

4.2 Detection of Temperature 11

The other feature of the FMT detector is that it can scan someone’s temperature. This is done by
the use of a MXL90614 non-contact IR temperature sensor which is connected to the Raspberry Pi via
GPIO headers. The FMT detector is programmed in a way that only after it detects that the person is
wearing a facemask, that the temperature will be scanned. This is to make sure that the person is wearing
a mask. Once it detects the mask, it scans for the temperature which then both facemask and temperature
detection results are displayed on the LCD display. The temperature reading will be displayed as so
Temp = (x). If the temperature is above 37.5, then an alert sound will go off. The Temperature reading
will also be shown in the admin’s interface.

5. CONCLUSION

The FMT detector developed for this project using a webcam, a thermal sensor and Raspberry Pi
3B is expected to be a low cost, easy to use gadget that will help deal with the current COVID-19
situation whereby wearing face masks and detecting fever could possibly mean saving others and
ourselves from being infected by the virus. At the incredible rate at which the number of cases and death
is increasing globally, it is extremely important that everyone follow the compulsory mask wearing rule
in all public places, especially in confined areas such as the library. Students, staff and visitors come in
contact with outsiders may get infected themselves and spread the virus to their peers and colleagues in
the polytechnic. A small step in curbing the spread of the virus is by ensuring everyone have their face
masks on and are aware if they are having a temperature. Building the FMT detector is a good step
towards achieving that goal. At the same time, it is also an opportunity for our group to familiarize
ourselves with the hardware and software that are available to build and program an IoT gadget from
scratch, which will be very advantageous in our future undertaking. We recommend use more power
devices such as laptop, Raspberry Pi 4 to reduce time for encoding. Also, we do recommend use camera
interface which is Camera Serial Interface (CSI) for less latency getting camera input. After that, hire

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more professional software developer to make GUI interface for the project. Finally, use Ethernet jack
for stable LAN remote access into the project.

REFERENCES

An V. Nguyen, Nicole J. Cohen,corresponding author Harvey Lipman,1 Clive M. Brown, Noelle-
Angelique Molinari, William L. Jackson, Hannah Kirking, Paige Szymanowski, Todd W.
Wilson, Bisan A. Salhi, Rebecca R. Roberts, David W. Stryker, and Daniel B. Fishbein.
Comparison of 3 infrared thermal detection systems and self-report for mass fever screening
(Nov,2010). Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3294528/
(Accessed 28 July 2020)

FDA. Non-contact temperature assessment devices during the Covid-19 pandemic. Retrieved from:
https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-COVID-19-and-medical-devices/non-contact-
temperature-assessment-devices-during-COVID-19-pandemic.(Accessed 10 July 2020)

Heinzman, Andrew. How facial recognition works. (2019). Retrieved from:
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2020)

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in
Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497–506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5

International Labour Organization. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on jobs and incomes in
G20 economies. Retrieved from: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---
cabinet/documents/publication/wcms_756331.pdf.(Accessed 14 March 2020)

12 HUPUU. ACFT-3516DS327C Dual sensor Microbolometer high-precision body temperature
detection module Access Control Camera with screen Wiegand support. Retrieved from:
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temperature-detection-module?sku=ACFT-3516DS327C-PM.(Accessed 15 July 2020)

Little Bird. Raspberry Pi 3B Single Board Computer. Retrieved from:
https://www.littlebird.com.au/products/raspberry-pi-3b-single-board-computer.(Accessed 12
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Marriam Webster Dictionary. Pandemic. Retrieved from: https://www.merriam-
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Melexis. Digital plug and play infrared thermometer in a TO-can. Retrieved from:
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Can# .(Accessed 18 March 2020)

Morefield Communications. Guide to touchless temperature screening systems. Retrieved from:
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10 July 2020)

Omega. Theory and application of the infrared temperature sensor. Retrieved from:
https://www.omega.co.uk/technical-learning/infrared-temperature-measurement-theory-
application.html .(Accessed 30 March 2020)

Pascu, Luana. New facial recognition and fever detection systems for safe work environment
launched. Retrieved from https://www.biometricupdate.com/202004/new-facial-recognition-and-
fever-detection-systems-for-safe-work-environment-
launched#:~:text=The%20biometric%20facial%20recognition%20tech,Celsius%2C%20accordin

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g%20to%20the%20report..(Accessed 25 April 2020) 13

Pyrosales. What are temperature sensors used for? Retrieved from:
https://www.pyrosales.com.au/blog/thermocouple-information/what-are-temperature-sensors-
used-for .(Accessed 28 May 2020)

Raspberry Pi. What is a Raspberry Pi. Retrieved from: https://www.raspberrypi.org/help/what-%20is-
a-raspberry-pi/.(Accessed 12 July 2020)

Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi 3 model B. Retrieved from:
https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-3-model-b/.(Accessed 12 July 2020)

Sacolick, Isaac. What is agile methodology? Modern software development explained. Retrieved
from: https://www.infoworld.com/article/3237508/what-is-agile-methodology-modern-software-
development-explained.html?page=2.(Accessed 20 July 2020)

Symanovich, Steve. How does facial recognition work? Retrieved from:
https://us.norton.com/internetsecurity-iot-how-facial-recognition-software-
works.html#:~:text=Facial%20recognition%20is%20a%20way,faces%20to%20find%20a%20m
atch..(Accessed 18 March 2020)

TeleEye. Face recognition terminal with fever and face mask detection. Retrieved from:
https://www.teleeye.com/hk/index.php/visible_body_temperature_detection_camera_with_face_
mask_recognition/#:~:text=When%20a%20passer%20without%20wearing,detected%20at%20th
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World Health Organization. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on
COVID-19 -- 11 March 2020. Retrieved from:

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briefing-on-covid-19-11-march-2020. (Accessed 14 March 2020)

Worldometer. Coronavirus Cases. Retrieved from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/.
(Accessed 14 March 2020)

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options. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016;15:327–347. doi: 10.1038/nrd.2015.37.

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Dry and Wet Garbage Separator Using IoT

Noor Azleen Binti Mohd Noor1
Aini Syuhada Binti Adb Aziz2

Rathtiya A/P Mee Chai3
Firzanah Binti Akasah4

1Jabatan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi, Politeknik Seberang Perai;
([email protected])

2 Jabatan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi, Politeknik Seberang Perai;
([email protected])

3 Jabatan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi, Politeknik Seberang Perai;
([email protected])

4 Jabatan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi, Politeknik Seberang Perai;
([email protected])

Abstract As student in Information Technology in Networking at Politeknik Seberang Perai. Students
should complete their Diploma by doing final year project with their own group. Our final year project
is about Dry and Wet Garbage Separator using IoT. This project is to make sure all students will learn
the important of separation the waste and make sanitation worker easier to clean up. We use IoT devices
to create this project like Servo Motor, Ultrasonic sensor, raindrop sensor and IR sensor. With this
project we learn how to use IoT things and learn how important about separate the trash.

Keywords: IoT, Servo Motor, Ultrasonic sensor, Raindrop sensor

14

1 INTRODUCTION

This is Waste Segregation, In this project we are dividing of wet waste and dry waste. The
generation of waste is unavoidable, and the materials carried in this waste impact human and
environmental health. Basically, waste management is something that must be carried out, and one way
to do this segregation of wet and dry waste, so that dry waste can be recycled, and wet waste can be
composted.

Starting September 1, 2015, the government has mandated the gradual separation of household
solid waste. The implementation is based on regulations under the Solid Waste Management and Public
Cleaning Act 2007 (Act 672) which is in force in the states and federal territories of Kuala Lumpur,
Putrajaya, Pahang, Johor, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Perlis and Kedah. A maximum compound fine of
up to RM1,000 will be imposed if it refuses to perform solid waste separation from June 1 onwards.

With this implementation, all students will learn the important of separation the waste. The
implementation of this project is only to facilitate the separation of waste. Once they are used to this,
they can teach the family or community about it and they no longer need to use the system.

The using IoT applications are improving the scenario around the place by giving Politeknik
dormitory management and sanitation worker will make work easier. IoT technology involves
connection of embedded devices with the Internet and controlling it as per requirement, reducing
manual interference.

Lastly, we are implementing a smart garbage which is a cheap, easy to use solution for a
segregation system at hostel or household so that it can be sent directly for processing. It is designed to
sort the refuse into wet waste and dry waste.

1.1 Problem Statement

There is a problem of mixed waste disposal. This has resulted that the mixed wet and dry garbage

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produce unpleasant odors to the dormitory residents. The problem of bad odors from garbage bin often
makes residents uncomfortable when they are in their room or using toilet nearby the garbage bin.

The reason is because sometimes the sanitation worker picked up the garbage twice a week. They
also maybe did not have enough time to check and make sure that the garbage is filled at every level of
the building. Bad odors also be caused by students when they do not separate the garbage properly and
there is only two medium garbage bins at every level of the buildings.

Due to the lack of concern for cleanliness, dormitory residents often throw garbage in a full
garbage bin, causing the garbage bin area to become dirty, smelly and the floor strewn with garbage.
This situation always happens when the weekend comes and when students are not allowed to go home.

1.2 Objectives

a. To develop the message and alarm sound when garbage bin is full by LCD display and buzzer.
b. To prevent wet and dry waste mixing by using raindrop sensor and IR sensor.
c. To monitor the fullness of the garbage bin according to each floor of the dormitory building

through application.

1.3 Scope of Work 15

This system involves garbage processing by separation as dry and wet garbage. It will have
separate garbage bin for dry and wet waste interfaced with Arduino uno. Smart collection bin works in
the similar manner as that of IOT based systems with the combination of sensors namely ultrasonic
sensor, raindrop sensor and IR sensor (Akshayraj Ashok Sawant, Prof. Amutha Jeyakumar, 6 JUNE
2018).

The raindrop sensor, this sensor will detect the wet garbage. While the IR sensor will detect the
dry garbage. After the garbage has been detect by these two sensors, servo motor will do its job. Servo
motor will move by separate the garbage according to the coding that have been set.

The Ultrasonic sensors will detect the levels of garbage in the garbage bins. The buzzer will emit
a sound when the ultrasonic sensor is able to detect the level of fullness of the garbage bin. The LCD
Display will display the level of fullness the garbage bin. Lastly, the ESP8266 will sync to the
application.

The hardware part consists of Arduino Uno, Servo Motor, IR-Sensor, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic,
Raindrop Sensor, ESP8266 Wifi Module, LCD Display and Buzzer.

The software part consists of coding for application using Mit app inventor and the coding for
hardware are using Arduino IDE 1.6.4 to program it. The application is use for user to check the fullness
of the garbage bin according to each floor of the dormitory building. The app is sync to ESP8266 wifi
module. Limitation of the project :
a. Can only detect the wetness and dryness of the trash.
b. Can only be use in the short term.
c. Not all sanitation worker has smart phone to use the application.
d. Not suitable to hold heavy and large garbage.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Dry and wet garbage separator using IOT in the proposed framework, open dustbins will be
furnished with inserted gadget which helps continuously observing of level of refuse in trash canisters.
The information in regard to the junk levels will be utilized to give advanced course to trash gathering
vans, which will lessen cost related with fuel. The Ultrasonic sensors will build effectiveness of
information identified with trash level and raindrop sensors will be utilized to give information through
dampness. (Ramya R, May 2018). Dry and wet garbage separator using IOT. This venture introduces
the advancement of a keen junk observing framework with a specific end goal to gauge squander level
in the rubbish canister progressively and to alarm the region, specifically cases, by means of level

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display and alert message through the application. The proposed framework is comprised by the
ultrasonic sensor to gauge the waste level and an Arduino Uno which controls the framework activity
(Ramya R, May 2018). Garbage Level Detector App is use for the sanitation worker and dormitory
management to checking the fullness of the garbage bin according to each floor of the dormitory
building. This app easy to understand and to use it. The hardware that being use in this project are;

Arduino Uno, Arduino uno is a microcontroller board based on ATmega328 and Uno is an Italian
term which means one. Atmega328 is one kind of single-chip microcontroller formed with Atmel within
the megaAVR family. Servo motors are great devices that can turn to a specified position. Usually, they
have a servo arm that can turn 180 degrees ,90 in each direction and works just like the standard kinds
but smaller. It is tiny and lightweight using the Arduino, we can tell a servo to go to a specified position
and it will go there. An IR sensor is an electronic instrument that scans IR signals in specific frequency
ranges defined by standards and converts them to electric signals on its output pin. HC-SR04 is an
ultrasonic sensor mainly used to determine the distance of the target object. It measures accurate
distance using a non-contact technology. A technology that involves no physical contact between sensor
and object. The rain sensor module is an easy tool for rain detection. It can be used as switch when
raindrop falls through the raining board and also for measuring rainfall intensity. The ESP8266 WiFi
Module is a self-contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give any microcontroller
access to your WiFi network.

16

Figure 1 : Previous product and proposed product

Table 1 : Comparison between previous product and proposed product

SMART BIN USING ARDUINO UNO DRY AND WET GARBAGE BIN
SEPERATOR USING IOT

This bin still uses ultrasonic sensor to sense This dustbin is easy because it is using a sensor.

the fullness of the bin.

This bin will give a real time data about a bin The LCD will display the level of the fullness of

is empty or full and ready for collection. the garbage bin.

The wet or rotten waste will mix with waste The organic or rotten waste can be decomposition

that can still be recycled. by our self. It can be uses for fertilizer

3 METHODOLOGY

The methodology that use is the Agile Method. The agile process is broken into individual models
that designers work on. The agile method anticipates change and allows for much more flexibility than
traditional methods. If has error of the project, it can be change without reschedule the project. The
agile method is based on giving high priority to customer participation, from the very beginning of the
development cycle.

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IOT

Figure 2 : Agile Method

a. Requirements
The requirements analysis phase is conduct to identify the problem or requirements need by

sanitation worker to get the notification about the dry and wet garbage separator using IoT in their
mobile application by giving them questionnaires. User answer the questionnaire that we provide to
them about this project and we can get to know the importance of dry and wet garbage separator using
IoT.

b. Design
In design phase, show the prototyping idea by making an easy one to understand the diagram of

Arduino Uno. Dry and Wet garbage separator has Arduino Uno as main board to connect with jumper
wire and connect to IR sensor and raindrop sensor.

17

Figure 3: Dry and Wet Garbage Separator Using IoT Design

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IOT

Figure 4 : Physical design

Hardware configuration is the combination of a prototype and an Arduino Uno, Ultrasonic
Sensor, IR Sensor, Raindrop Sensor, Servo Moto, Buzzer . The hardware is integrated with the software.
Software configuration is the method used to control the electrical hardware remotely.

c. Development

Development is phase after design the project. Development is essentially the process that takes

a product or idea from an objective to a usable system. This phase is be done by development team to

design and create a system. This phase will prioritizing the needed of this project and implement the

function.

18 This phase requires full research to make the system look perfect. Implement all the component or the
function that were created to confirm that our project work as plan. While doing this phase, testing the

component is must to detect problems and weaknesses in the component. This will make it easier for

us to change the components in a short time. It is important to check the performance of project to keep

it running smoothly.

d. Testing
Testing is the final phase and step in our project. With this testing error message notifications are

required to indicate that there is a problem with the system or the project hardware. Usually, the problem
will be during the testing so it can resolve the problem before deployment of the system. The
maintenance support is required to the new requirement when hardware has broken for our project. The
important thing of testing is to make sure all requirement in term hardware or system working without
any problem at the end of this project. Testing table below show the description and result of testing
our project.

UNIT TESTING PLAN (UTP)

No. Test Case Test Pre-condition Expected Result Tester Result
Name Procedure Successful sign up! / Failure)
Need to have
1. Sign Up User is this app in Successful login! Sanitation Pass
required to fill user smart
the name, phone. worker
email, and
2. Login password User need to Sanitation Pass
sign up worker
Fill the email before login.
and password

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3. Throwing the User need a Put the trash garbage will go in Leyana Pass IOT
trash trash on the top of the bin by detect Leyana Pass
the sensor the moisture of the
4. LCD Display garbage
Must have none
Table 2 : Unit testing some garbage LCD will display
in the garbage the level of the
bin fullness

Table 3 : Integration testing plan

INTEGRATION TESTING PLAN (ITP)

No. Test Case Test Procedure Pre- Expected Result Tester Result
Name condition (Pass/
Login page will Sanitation Failure)
1. Sign up Click the sign Need to appear worker
up button have this Pass
app in the
2. Login Click to Login smartphone User will directly Sanitation Pass
go to homepage worker Pass
button none
Directly to floor Sanitation Pass
3. Dorm Click to dorm none building worker
Pass
Building building none
Pass
button none

4. Floor building Click to floor Directly show the Sanitation
level of the fullness worker
building of the bin 19
User
button Garbage will go in (Student
the bin by detect the Leyana)
5. Throw the garbage is in moisture of the
garbage User
trash the right place (Student
Level of the Leyana)
on the sensor fullness of the bin
will appear
6. LCD display The garbage none

the level of bin must fill

the bin with garbage

Table 4 : User acceptance testing

USER ACCEPTANCE TESTING PLAN (UATP)

No. Test Case Acceptance Test Result Tester Comments
Name Requirement
Pass Fail Dormitory The
1. Throw the Make sure the garbage Pass resident (student raindrop
trash is in the right place on Leyana) sensor to
the sensor small

2. LCD display Can see the level of Pass Dormitory none
the level of the fullness of the Pass resident (student
the bin garbage bin Leyana) none

3. Emit a sound The garbage bin must Dormitory
from the full to make sure the resident (student
buzzer buzzer emit a sound aisyah)

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4. Login Login to the garbage Pass Sanitation Easy to
level detector app worker. understand
IOT the layout
Sanitation of the app
worker
5. Checking the See the fullness of the Pass
fullness of garbage bin according
garbage bin to each floor of the
at floor page dormitory building

e. Deployment
Deployment phase is the phase that present the project system. With our project it will present

how the system work. Waste will be on the raindrop sensor and IR sensor to detect are that dry or wet
waste, then the servo moto will move it to separator garbage bin. It is also will emit a sound that garbage
has full.

The application that has been develop will use for the sanitation worker and dormitory
management to check the level of the fullness of the garbage bin according to each floor of the dormitory
building.

f. Review
Review phase is the phase that user give their comment about the project. For our project user

will be flexible to use the system and helps user to handle wet and dry waste separately. Besides that,
the garbage separation helps user to incinerate without infecting the area around it will reduce the need
for burning which pollutes the air. The garbage separation helps user to manage the garbage better.

3.1 Hardware Configuration

20 Using a Arduino uno with servo motor and sensor for separator dry and wet garbage. IR sensor
is used for detecting the dry garbage. For the raindrop sensor is used for to detect wet garbage. While
servo motor used for to separate the garbage automatically. Figure 3 shows the block diagram of
hardware platform which is consists Arduino Uno, Ultrasonic Sensor, IR Sensor, Raindrop Sensor,
Servo Moto, and buzzer.

Figure 5: Block Diagram of Hardware Platform

3.2 Software Configuration

Software configuration including development of application using Mit App to access control
mechanism. This application was created using MIT App Inventor, database using mysql.

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phpMyAdmin and Arduino IDE to put the progam in device. This system have a combination between
software and hardware. The application was created using web browser and link to device which is all
hardware via wifi module ESP8266. After create the app, the installation can run by using MIT AI2
COMPANION to scan the qr code. So, user can install the application on their device. The main menu
of the application is consists of user login by enter the username and password for the security purpose.
Figure 7 show the user interface of the mobile application on the smart phone. Figure 6 until 11 show
how the application was created.

21

Figure 6: User Interface of the application on the smart phone

Figure 7: Block of MIT Inventor

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22 Figure 8: Block of MIT Inventor app

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23

Figure 9: Block of MIT Inventor

IOT IT ASPIRE VOL. 1, NO. 1, 2020| JTMK, PSP

Figure 10: Block of MIT Inventor

24

Figure 11: Block of MIT Inventor
Coding for IoT devices has been set up and install. Figure 12 until 16 show the coding.

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IOT

Figure 12: Coding for IoT devices 25
Figure 13: Coding for IoT devices

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Figure 14: Coding for IoT devices

26

Figure 15: Coding for IoT devices

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IOT

27

Figure 16: Coding for IoT devices

The mobile application will connect with ESP8266 Wifi Module controller for controlling the
appliances. Figure 17 and 18 show the diagram of flowchart that how the hardware appliances work
and the mobile application work.

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28

Figure 17: Flowchart of hardware platform

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29

Figure 18: Flowchart of software platform
3.3 Security Requirement
a. Has login button to use the app
b. The hardware component will be placed in the box to secure from theft and damage.
c. Secure the wired so that the wires are not scattered and fibrous.
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Testing is the final phase and step in our project. With this testing error message notifications are
required to indicate that there is a problem with the system or the project hardware. Usually, the problem
will be during the testing so it can resolve the problem before deployment of the system. The
maintenance support is required to the new requirement when hardware has broken for our project. The
important thing of testing is to make sure all requirement in term hardware or system working without
any problem at the end of this project. Advantage that improve in our method and project are the sensor
will make it easier for the sanitation worker to sort out the garbage. This method also will encourage
every student to pay more attention to proper waste disposal methods. Meanwhile, sanitation worker
can check the level of the fullness of the garbage bin by using application in the smart phone. Lastly,

IOT IT ASPIRE VOL. 1, NO. 1, 2020| JTMK, PSP

for the garbage level detector application, the user is do not need a internet connection.

5 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, this project (dry and wet garbage separator using IOT) must be very useful in daily
life. From this project, it can be a starting point for students to have self-awareness and learn about the
important of separate the garbage. This is because waste segregation can facilitate the work of sanitation
workers and can do 3R practices which is reduce, reuse and recycle. It not only detecting the fullness
level of the garbage, but it is also can detect the moisture of the garbage. So, it can separate the garbage
accurately. It is also can checking the garbage level detector app to know if the garbage bin is full or
not at each floor of the dormitory building by the sanitation worker. The system is an efficient step
towards cleanliness. As it is being said that the technology which goes parallel with environment is the
need of the hour. Our project is a step towards such green technology.

REFERENCES

A. (2019, October 6). Smart Dustbin using Arduino, Ultrasonic Sensor & Servo Motor. Electronics
Hub. https://www.electronicshub.org/smart-dustbin-using-arduino/

Astro Awani. (2016, May 20). 5 perkara anda perlu tahu mengenai pengasingan sisa pepejal di punca.
Astroawani.Com. https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/5-perkara-anda-perlu-tahu-
mengenai-pengasingan-sisa-pepejal-di-punca-105825

Internet of Things (IoT) adoption barriers of smart cities’ waste management: An Indian context.
(2020, October 10). ScienceDirect.

30 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652620320941

J. (2020, October 31). Arduino and Soil Moisture Sensor -Interfacing Tutorial. Electronic Circuits and
Diagrams-Electronic Projects and Design. https://www.circuitstoday.com/arduino-soil-
moisture-sensor

Nevon Projects. (2020, January 17). Automatic Waste Segregation System |Advanced Mechanical
Project. https://nevonprojects.com/automatic-waste-segregation-system/

IT ASPIRE VOL. 1, NO. 1, 2020| JTMK, PSP IOT

Garbage Level and Odour Monitoring System

Norkiah Binti Sulaiman¹
Rishika A/P Kunalan²

Jeevitha A/P Lingaesparen³

¹Jabatan Teknologi Maklumat Dan Komunikasi, Politeknik Seberang Perai;
([email protected])

²Jabatan Teknologi Maklumat Dan Komunikasi, Politeknik Seberang Perai;
([email protected])

³Jabatan Teknologi Maklumat Dan Komunikasi, Politeknik Seberang Perai;
([email protected])

Abstract Traditional waste management system in JTMK building is not efficient enough. Due to this
out-dated waste management system, garbage overflows and unpleasant odour transmitted. This project
is proposed to solve this problem with the garbage level and odour monitoring system. This system is
important because the overflowing of garbage causes various hygiene problems and discomfort to staffs
and students. Ultrasonic sensors attached under the dustbin lids and connected to Blynk application
which shows the garbage level and monitor the odour. Through this system, garbage collectors can be
more aware about the garbage level and odour (bad smell ).

Keywords : garbage level, odour system, Ultrasonic sensor

1 INTRODUCTION 31

The garbage level and odour monitoring is a new solution proposed to solve the problem in
managing solid wastes at the JTMK building of Polytechnic Seberang Perai by the usage of Internet of
Things(IoT) technology. Internet of things is the inter connection of many devices along with the
connection to internet without human automation is enabled. (K. Kranthi Kumar , 2019).The main
function of the whole system is detecting the level of garbage inside a chosen garbage bin by attaching
an ultrasonic sensor under the chosen garbage bin lid. The ultrasonic sensor will be attached to the
chosen garbage bin lid to inform the garbage collectors whether the garbage bin is full with the garbage
or not. Secondly, we have also added an odour monitoring feature that will detect the level of the
humidity of the garbage by attaching a humidity sensor under the chosen garbage bin lid. In addition, a
notification will be send through the Blynk app to alert the waste management workers to collect the
garbage if it is necessary. As soon as the garbage collectors are notified when the garbage bin gets full,
they will proceed to collect the waste immediately to avoid it from transmitting smelly odour which
will give an inconvenient environment to the staffs and the students. This will definitely make the
garbage collectors to be more responsible at their work place. Two garbage bins will be placed in
different places inside the JTMK building. Moreover, both garbage bins will be labeled as Bin 1 and
Bin 2 respectively. This will make the garbage collectors to identify the place of the garbage bins very
easily. Apart from that, the garbage collectors and the authorities of PSP waste management can create
an account using the Blynk app and login into it to manage their own account.

1.1 Problem Statement

The problem or issue that we are trying to overcome is the poor waste management system in
Malaysia. But to make things feasible and practical, we narrowed down our focus to the JTMK building
of Polytechnic Seberang Perai. Moreover, there are very limited garbage bins and dumpsters around the
area of the JTMK building of Polytechnic Seberang Perai which are always being overflowed with
garbage. This happens due to their daily schedule to pick up the garbage, sometimes the over-massing

IOT IT ASPIRE VOL. 1, NO. 1, 2020| JTMK, PSP

stench of the garbage bins will cause extreme dissatisfaction and also cause hygiene issues to be
concerned about. There are some peak times such as orientation day, sports day, academical events day
and so on whereby garbage bins are overflowing with garbage and with unpleasant smell. The garbage
collectors were not aware of this and the garbage were left overflowed and the garbage left rotted for
one day. This causes dissatisfaction among students and staffs. Furthermore, an unpleasant and awful
environment can increase the risk of students and staffs having contracting diseases such as cholera,
typhoid, malaria, skin diseases and vomiting. In addition, there will be some garbage collectors who
will not be a responsible worker or who will not be punctual worker. So, this will make the organization
to have some problems or to have the complexity of handling the workers and the complexity of
managing the waste management.

1.2 Objectives

a. Avoid garbage from overfilling. The garbage collectors will collect the garbage as soon as the
Blynk app notify them when the garbage exceed the fill-level.

b. To monitor odour in the building. The garbage collectors will be monitored regarding to the
humidity of the garbage hence when the humidity is high it means the garbage collectors have to
pick up the garbage because wet garbage transmits unpleasant odour.

c. Helping the garbage collectors to plan their trips. The garbage collectors can plan their trip to the
garbage bin only when it is needed and do not have to check the garbage bin unnecessary when
there are no garbage thrown.

1.3 Project Scope

The project scope is to make the garbage collectors more responsible and to make the work of the
32 garbage collectors easier when the level of garbage exceeds or when the garbage are wet which will

lead to unpleasant smell to be transmitted around the building. The garbage collectors can use the blynk
app at anywhere and at any time to know about the level of garbage and humidity of garbage. This
blynk app will also let garbage collectors to know about the garbage bin which has an exceeding level
of garbage or humidity. There will be two garbage bins and both will be labelled as Dustbin1 and
Dustbin2 respectively. Labelling the chosen garbage bins will make the garbage collectors to easily
recognize the location of the garbage bin this will save the time of the garbage collectors and also their
energy.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

The project that we have proposed has met the objectives that we have set which are to automate
the monitoring and management of waste collection and reduce the rate of unpleasant odour
transmission which would eventually contribute to discomfort to students and staffs. With all the
capabilities of the system mentioned above, we can see that the requirements and the objectives of the
proposed have been met. The advantage of this proposed system is that it is user friendly which means
it is easily used by the user. The garbage collectors can easily access the blynk app from their
smartphones when they have internet connection (Anitha, 2017) . The garbage collectors would be
able to recognize the location of the garbage bins because both garbage bins have been labelled and it
will be kept at a fixed place. They will collect the garbage after knowing the fill-level of the garbage
bins. The complete circuit will be attached to the lid of a footstep dustbin. Footstep dustbin is used to
avoid staffs or students to physically touch the lid of dustbin which might have germs or dirt. It is also
to avoid misplace of the lid on the floor because the sensor is going to be attached under the lid of the
dustbin to detect the humidity and level of the garbage.

2.1 Arduino UNO Rev3

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The Arduino UNO Rev3 is a microcontroller board based on a removable, dual- inline-package
(DIP) Atmega328 AVR microcontroller. It has 20 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as
PVM outputs and 6 can be used as analog inputs). It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB Cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter
or battery to get started.

2.2 Ultrasonic sensor HC–SR04

The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor is an ultrasonic sensor, also known as an ultrasonic transducer
that is based on a transmitter and receiver and mainly used to determine the distance from the targeted
object (Adnan, 2018). It uses sonar to determine the distance of an object just like the bats do. It offers
excellent non-contact range detection with high accuracy and stable readings in an easy-to-use package
from 2cm to 400cm.

2.3 WIFI Shield(ESP8266)

The ESP8266 WIFI Module is a self-contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that
can give any microcontroller access to the WIFI network. It comes in the familiar Arduino Shield shape
, and should wok with any similarly-sized Arduino-compatible development board out there.

2.4 Humidity Sensor Arduino (DHT22) 33

It uses a humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air, and sends a digital
signal on the data pin. In this example, you will learn how to use this sensor with Arduino UNO. The
room temperature and humidity will be printed to the serial monitor.

2.5 Comparison Table Of Existing System And Our System

Table 1: Comparison table of existing system and our system

Features CleanFLEX, the ultrasonic Garbage Level And
fill – level sensor Odour Monitoring System

Login Page Yes Yes

Humidity Level Detection No Yes

Labeling Garbage Bins No Yes

Use Stepfoot Dustbin No Yes

Programming Language Used Java Java

3 METHODOLOGY

The software development methodology used to develop the project is agile development method.
It is an information system development process that emphasizes flexibility to anticipate new
requirements during development. The project is carried out through two interactions. During the first
interaction, some activities are carried out to develop the project. Then, during the second interaction,
those activities will be revisited again for some improvisation by adding new requirements so that the
project satisfies the needs of the office garbage bin. The agile development method allowed our team

IOT IT ASPIRE VOL. 1, NO. 1, 2020| JTMK, PSP

to assess the development process to figure out what was missed when carrying out those activities and
add new requirements to achieve a complete working system.

a. Requirements
The requirements of the system to reach the objectives planning phase. At this phase of the

project, we gathered and discuss the needs of this system. This system requires both hardware and
software tools to fulfill the system. The requirements were listed out and were prepared.
b. Design

The design phase is where the primary design of the project is sketched out to obtain a vision of
the outcome of the project. During this design phase more ideas and limitations of the project was
identified. The design phase is important to do because it guides the project development process.
c. Develop

Develop is the phase where the system will be proceeded to be built. The development process
will also be tricky as sometimes the expectations do not meet, and also minor error might lead to
malfunction of sensors. The development phase will be done till it is ready to be tested and fully
complete.

34

Figure 1: Image of complete project
d. Test

Testing phase is where the system is being tested. The system will be tested as it must meet the
objectives and work completely. The testing phase also allow us to learn minor mistakes made hence
we can redo development and test it again till it works completely.
e. Deploy

At the Deploy phase the system must be completely working and can be moved to be use. The
system can be placed at the location where it was planned to be.
f. Review

The system will be evaluated and the objectives has been meet.

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3.1 Hardware Configuration

The ultrasonic sensor detects the level of garbage filled in the garbage bin by emitting sound IOT
waves at a frequency and wait till it is reflected when it hits the garbage. The calculation of distance
based on the time required. The microcontroller, which is connected to the ultrasonic sensor, is also
connected to the ESP WiFi shield so the circuit can be connected to WiFi. The information of the
ultrasonic sensor detection will be sent to the application through the WiFi shield. Later the level of the
garbage bin filled will be shown in the Blynk application. The DHT22 humidity sensor has two
electrodes with moisture holding substrate between them so as the humidity changes, the conductivity
of the substrate changes or the resistance between these electrodes changes. This scenario will be able
for the sensor to give reading of the humidity and temperature of the surroundings where the sensor is
placed. The sensor will be placed under the dustbin lid hence when the lid is closed and the sensor will
be able to give the reading of the humidity and temperature and the garbage inside the garbage bin. This
information also will be sent via the WiFi shield to the application.

35

Figure 2: Image of components and model used

3.2 Software Configuration
System configuration for garbage level and odour monitoring system uses Arduino IDE to run

the coding. Arduino Integrated Development environment (IDE) is a cross – platform application which
is compatible with Windows, macOS, and Linux that is written in the programming language Java. It
also supports other programming language such as C and C++ but uses special rules of code structuring
it. It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino compatible boards. The Arduino IDE supplies a
software library from the Wiring project, which provides many common input and output procedures.
The advantage of using this is that User-written code only requires two basic functions, for starting the
sketch and the main program loop. Therefore, all the coding and programming will be done through
Arduino IDE to set and program each circuit to function as a whole system. Moreover, blynk app will
be used to develop a system which could notify the garbage collector about the garbage level and which
could monitor the humidity level. Besides, Blynk App has been used to create an application that could
access the Arduino UNO Rev3 Board. This application will view and notify the garbage collectors about

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the level of garbage inside the garbage bins. It will also monitor and view the odour level of the garbage
and the temperature of the garbage inside the garbage bins.

36

Figure 3: Flowchart of the system
The system work as a tool to inform the garbage collector when the dustbin is filled till the fill
level and monitor the humidity level. A notification will only be sent when the dustbin’s fill level is
filled with garbages. The below images are the setup of this project where the sensors are attached under
the footstep dustbin lid.

Figure 4: Image of complete project

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4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

First, our project can alert the garbage collectors about the level of garbage inside the garbage
bins by sending a notification to them through blynk app when the garbage exceeds the fill level. Then,
our project can monitor the odour of the garbage and the temperature of the garbage inside the garbage
bins. Moreover, the reading of garbage level, the reading of odour level and the reading of the
temperature of the garbage inside the garbage bins can be viewed in the blynk app. Hence, our project
admin can view the readings from the blynk app and the admin can identify whether the garbage
collectors are doing their responsibility properly or not. An integration testing has been carried out on
this developed project to determine the level of functionality to meet all the objectives. The results of
the test shows that all the objectives have been achieved and it has met the needs of the users (garbage
collectors). Lastly, this system saves time and energy of the garbage collectors who do not need to make
unnecessary trips to check if there are any garbage filled in the garbage bin during the days where no
staffs and students used the garbage bin. First limitation of our project is where the sensors used are not
resistant to water.

The ultrasonic sensor might not work completely or perfectly in other word if it is affected by
water. Secondly, the incorrect detection when long object are placed is also another challenge faced by
the system. When long objects are thrown in the garbage bin the ultrasonic sensor might falsely identify
the situation as the garbage fill-level is exceeded. Finally, security threats and vulnerability in aspect of
theft case or unforeseen damages is the last challenge faced by the system. The sensors can be stolen
by anyone and can also been intentionally or unintentionally damaged.

37

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Table 2: Result of Integration Testing

IOT Integration Testing Plan

No. Test Case Test Pre -condition Expected Result Tester Result

Name Procedure (pass/

fail)

1. Login User is required The admin have to The user will Vasugi pass

to login to the give authorization enter the main

application to the garbage interface of the

with collector by giving system which

authorization email address and will show the

key. password to access level of the

the application. garbage bin and

the level of

humidity and

temperature.

2. Recognize User is required Fill up dustbin 1 The level of Kunalan Pass

two to identify two with half full garbage in

different different bins in garbage and dustbin dustbin 1 must be

dustbin the interface, 2 with only few high and dustbin

and both are garbage less than 2 is low.

working the dustbin 1.

correctly

respectively.

3. View User must be Fill the dustbins The level of Iswarya Pass

garbage able to view the with garbage and garbage must

level garbage level. observe if the level increase when the

38 of garbage is shown garbage is filled.
in the interface.

4. View User is required Fill in the dustbin The level of Daniel Pass

humidity to view the with garbage with humidity in the

level humidity level. some water and dustbin must

observe the rise of increase when the

the humidity level. dustbin is filled

with water.

5. Receive The user is Fill up the dustbin User must receive Liza Pass

notification required to with garbage till its notifications

when receive a full. regarding which

garbage is notification dustbin is full.

full when the

garbage is fully

filled till the fill

level

4.1 Login

The login process can only be done when the user login into the Blynk application using the
authorize key provided by the admin. The authorized key will be provided by the admin to the garbage
collector and the garbage collectors can view the garbage level, humidity and temperature of the garbage
according to the two different dustbins. When wrong authorized key is entered the users or intruders
will not have access to the system.

IT ASPIRE VOL. 1, NO. 1, 2020| JTMK, PSP

4.2 Recognize two different garbage bins

The garbage bins will work and show readings correspondingly to the garbage level, humidity IOT
and temperature according to the dustbins labelled as dustbin 1 and dustbin 2 to the interface in the
Blynk application which will also have the readings of dustbin 1 and dustbin 2. When dustbin 1 is filled
with garbage the interface in the application will also show changes in reading of garbage level and
dustbin 2 level reading will remain constant.

4.3 View garbage level

The garbage level will change according to the garbage filled in the garbage bin.The dustbins
must be filled with garbage and the level of the garbage filled in the dustbins must be shown in the
Blynk application.

4.4 View Humidity Level

The humidity level of the garbage inside the garbage bins will be shown in the Blynk application
when the garbage become wet. The humidity will decrease and the changes of the temperature also will
be shown in the application. To test this functionality of the system simply pour some water into the
garbage inside the dustbins. The rise in the humidity level will be shown.

4.5 Receive Notification When Garbage Is Full 39

When the garbage level exceeds the fill level of the dustbins set which is 5cm from the lid, a
notification will be sent to the garbage collector to notify and alert them to collect the garbage. The
notification will be sent repeatedly till the garbage is being collected. Fill the dustbins with garbage till
5cm left from the lid and the notification will be sent to smartphones via the Blynk application.

5. CONCLUSION

In this project, we have would like to implement blynk app as an alternative to the current
traditional waste management system at the JTMK building of Polytechnic Seberang Perai. This system
will be able to monitor the capacity of the garbage bin and the cleaner will be notified only when the
fill-level of the garbage bin exceeds the threshold limit of the capacity of the garbage bin. The garbage
collectors only has to make trips when the garbage bin is almost full. This will help to save their
time and energy. Garbage collectors can also easily recognise the location of the garbage bins which
has been labelled as Bin1 and Bin2 respectively. This is because both garbage has been placed at a fixed
location. The garbage collectors can identify the location of the garbage bins by looking at the name of
the garbage bin which has been labelled before. On the other hand the odour of unpleasant which will
lead to discomfort to staff and students can also be overcome by implementing this project as
a humidity sensor is attach to notify the humidity of the garbage.

The contributions of this project seem to be small but efficient step towards cleanliness
would encourage people to further discuss on the similar topics. It may encourage the entire
polytechnic to transform this prototype into product and further implement the system in a larger
scope. The effort is to make the student’s, staff’s and also worker’s life easier and also to safe them
from unwanted diseases.

IT ASPIRE VOL. 1, NO. 1, 2020| JTMK, PSP

REFERENCES

IOT A. Medvedev, P. Fedchenkov, A. Zaslavsky, T. Anagnostopoulos, and S. Khoruzhnikov, “Waste
management as an IoT-enabled service in smart cities,” in Computer Science (including subseries
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2015, vol. 9247, pp.
104–115.

Arduino tutorials last revised on February 05, 2018. Retrieved from:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePage

Catania and D. Ventura, “An approch for monitoring and smart planning of urban solid waste
management using smart-M3 platform,” in Proceedings of 15th Conference of Open Innovations
Association FRUCT, 2014, pp. 24– 31.

Ecube Labs smart waste management solution for waste overflowing from bin by Ecube Labs.
Retrived from: https://www.ecubelabs.com/solution/

Intelligent container monitoring and analytics solution by Contelligent. Retrieved from:
https://www.smartbin.com/

ESP8266 Module and Blynk application setup installation by Idris on February 2, 2018.
retrieved from:https://tutorial.cytron.io/2018/02/02/maker-uno-iot-esp8266-module-
blynk-apps-1-hardware-setup-bm/ Retrieved from: https://tutorial.cytron.io/

Hong, S. Park, B. Lee, J. Lee, D. Jeong, and S. Park, “IoT-based smart garbage system for efficient

food waste management.,” Scientific World Journal., vol. 2014, p. 646953, Aug. 2014.

40

International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN:

2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor :6.887 Volume 6 Issue I, January 2018- Available

at www.ijraset.com. A Survey on Smart Waste Management Systems by Reeny Zackarias1 , Dr.

S. Brilly Sangeetha2 , 1M Tech Student, 2Associate Professor & Head, Department of Computer

science and Engineering, IES College of Engineering, Thrissur, kerala, India. PDF. Retrieved

from: https://www.ijraset.com/fileserve.php?FID=11478

K. Kranthi Kumar, Dr.E. Ramaraj and Dr.P. Geetha.(2019) “IOT BASED TRASH COLLECTION
BIN USING ARDUINO” http://www.jcreview.com/fulltext/197-1585665537.pdf

Modernizing Public Space Waste Management with the Bigbelly Smart Waste & Recycling System
by Bigbelly. Retrieved from: https://bigbelly.com/

N. Sharma, N. Singha, and T. Dutta, “Smart Bin Implementation for Smart Cities,” International.
Journal. Science Engineering. Research., vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 787–791, 2015.

Omran, A. Mahmood, and H. a Aziz, “Current practice of solid waste management in Malaysia and its
disposal,” Environmental Engineering Management Journal, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 295–300, 2007.

Parkash and V. Prabu, “IOT based waste management for smart city,” International Journal Research
Compututer and Communciation Engineering., vol. 4, no. 2, 2016.

S. Navghane, M. S. Killedar, and V. M. Rohokale, “IoT Based Smart Garbage and Waste Collection
Bin,” Internatonal Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering,
vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 1576–1578, 2016.

Tarun Pandey contributed an idea of smart waste management syste. Retrieved from:

IT ASPIRE VOL. 1, NO. 1, 2020| JTMK, PSP IOT

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/project-idea-smart-waste-management-system/
Temperature and humidity motoring using Iot by Idris on July 9, 2020. Retrieved from:

https://tutorial.cytron.io/2020/07/09/monitor-temperature-humidity-using-iot-telegram-bot-
on-esp32/ retrieved from: https://tutorial.cytron.io/
Urlagunta, Nagaraju. (2017). Smart Dustbin For Economic Growth.
Https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Publication/316700582_Smart_Dustbin_For_Economic_Growt
h

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RFID Library Student

Norbahiah Binti Zakaria1
Nur Muhammad Bin Jaafar2
Luqman Abrar Bin Ahmad Firdaus3
Hafiz Rusydi Bin Mansoor4

1Jabatan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi, Politeknik Seberang Perai;
[email protected]

2Jabatan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi, Politeknik Seberang Perai;
([email protected])

3Jabatan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi, Politeknik Seberang Perai;
([email protected])

4Jabatan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi, Politeknik Seberang Perai;
([email protected])

Abstract In libraries, the management of the book is very complicated and time-consuming process.
The location of books could be altered by students, teachers and anyone around the library. In this
proposed method, the librarian has to maintain the database. The users can be able to entry the library
when the id card or tag scan at scanning. After scan the id card or tag the user database will be record
in system.

Keywords: Library, RFID reader, Arduino Uno

42 1 INTRODUCTION

RFID Student Head Count system in the library of Polytechnic Seberang Perai. RFID uses
electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tag attached to object. The project will use an
RFID reader to verify students that want to access the library to keep track of the students accessing the
library. When the student places their matrix card within the reading rage of the scanner. The scanner
will read the matrix card id and store the information in the system. RFID uses electromagnetic fields
to automatically identify and track tag attached to object. The project will use an RFID reader to verify
students that want to access the library to keep track of the students accessing the library. When the
student places their matrix card within the reading rage of the scanner. The scanner will read the matrix
card id and store the information in the system. The system will be able to add and remove IDs for
tracking activity

1.1 Problem Statement

The main reason to proceed this project was because the library does not have a system to
generate data for student headcount. The administrators requested a complete students headcount data
report to keep track of the statistic of the number of students. The library required to record the
information of the student using RFID and this project will generate data that can be used as a report to
keep track the number of the student headcount in day.

1.2 Objective

a. To record the information into database of the student using RFID
b. To keep track the number of student headcount
c. To generate data that can be used as a report

IT ASPIRE VOL. 1, NO. 1, 2020| JTMK, PSP

1.3 Scope of Work

RFID refer to an automatic identification system which is composed of several components such IOT
as tags, tag reader, database and application software. The most important components of an RFID
system include the RFID tag or the transponder, the RFID reader or the transceiver, and the data
processing software. we are planning to Visual Basic.net as our programming language and MySQL as
our student database. RFID should be placed at the Entrance of the library so the students that wants to
use the library can easily scan their matrix card and walk in the library without a fuss but the not
planning on placing an RFID scanner at the exit of the library cause it is not necessary due to the motif
of this project is to keep track on the students headcount that uses the library frequently. The user can
generate the data of the student that can be used as report to keep track the number of student headcount
in day.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 43

Singh, N.K. & Mahajan, P. (2014). RFID and it's use in libraries: A literature review.
International, Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology. RFID, which stands for Radio
Frequency Identification, is a means of identifying a person or object using radio waves to communicate
among a system of integrated circuits, tags, readers and software to identify items. RFID refers to the
technology in which the RFID tag transmits a radio frequency signal that is picked up by a reader. Radio
waves transmitted from an antenna interact with an integrated circuit embedded on an RF tag, which
sends radio waves back to a reader. RFID applications (Makori, 2013) university libraries in Kenya, the
study utilized a survey research design to collect data, ideas, opinions, views and suggestions from the
respondents drawn from various university libraries. Across the world, university libraries are
increasingly adopting and implementing RFID solutions in order to handle and support information
work and activities. RFID Based Library Management System (Vimalraj & Sameera, 2015) library
supports quick and easy book search, sending of reminders to users of book due dates, book drop and
return chutes for returning library materials. RFID enabled user cards support easy user identification.

Muthuselvi R 2016 Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kamaraj College of
Engineering and Technology India .Asset tracking and management system for library using active
radio frequency identification (RFID) world RFID (radio frequency identification) technology is one of
the most popular technologies for tracking and tracing, whereby a person or an object is identified using
Radio Frequency (RF) transmission using a special kind of a sensor network.

2.1 Arduino uno board

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 20 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs and 6 can be used as analog inputs), a 16
MHz resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an in-circuit system programming (ICSP) header, and
a reset button.

2.2 Arduino RC-522

The RC522 is a 13.56MHz RFID module that is based on the MFRC522 controller from NXP
semiconductors. The module can supports I2C, SPI and UART and normally is shipped with
a RFID card and key fob. It is commonly used in attendance systems and other person/object
identification applications.