Samajik Adhyan 8 New

;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff cf]Pl;; sIff * g]kfn ;/sf/, lzIff lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno, kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|, ;fgf]l7dL eStk'/åf/f :jLs[lt k|fKt n]vs ™ /]zd lu/L cf]Pl;; klAns];g k|f= ln= cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}“ kmf]gM )!–$#!#@)%

n]vs /]zd lu/L ;jf{lwsf/ n]vs tyf k|sfzsdf k|yd ;+:s/0f M @)*) k|sflzt k|lt M @@)) d"No M #@@÷– u|flkmS;M jL/]Gb| >]i7 k|sfzs cf]Pl;; klAns];g k|f= ln= cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}“ kmf]gM )!–$#!#@)% g]kfndf d'lb|t n]vs /]zd lu/L ;jf{lwsf/ n]vs tyf k|sfzsdf k|yd ;+:s/0f M @)*) k|sflzt k|lt M @@)) d"No M #!(÷– u|flkmS;M jL/]Gb| >]i7 k|sfzs cf]Pl;; klAns];g k|f= ln= cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}“ kmf]gM )!–$#!#@)% g]kfndf d'lb|t

ljifo;"rL PsfO ! xfdL / xfd|f] ;dfh ! kf7 ! ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff @ kf7 @ ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/ % kf7 # ;ª\3Lo /fHosf] cjwf/0ff !) kf7 $ cfk"m a;]sf] k|b]z !$ kf7 % jfUdtL / u08sL k|b]z !& kf7 ^ n'lDagL, s0ff{nL / ;'b'/klZrd k|b]z !( kf7 ^ /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx¿ @@ PsfO @ xfd|f] dfgj d"NodfGotf @& kf7 ! Gofo, zflGt / clx+;fsf] kfngf @( kf7 @ g]kfndf k|rlnt ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rng ## kf7 # g]kfndf k|rlnt ;fdflhs tyf wfld{s lj|mofsnfk #* kf7 $ g]kfndf k|rlnt hfltut k/Dk/f / ;+:sf/ $! kf7 % g]kfndf ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg / Pstf $% kf7 ^ ;fdflhs ;b\efj / ;lxi0f'tf $& kf7 & g]kfnsf /fli6«o ;Dkbfx¿ $( kf7 * cGt/f{li6«o JolStTjx¿ %$ kf7 ( :sfp6 %& PsfO # gful/s r]tgf, sTf{Jo / clwsf/ %( kf7 ! ;+ljwfg ^! kf7 @ ;ª\3Lo ;+;b\ ^# kf7 # ;ª\3Lo ;/sf/ ^^ kf7 $ Gofokflnsf ^( kf7 % ;dfj]zLs/0f &# kf7 ^ nf]stflGqs u0ftGq &^ kf7 & ;]jf k|jfx / ;'zf;g &* PsfO $ ;fdflhs ;d:of / ;dfwfg *! kf7 ! ;fdflhs ;d:of / ljs[ltx¿ *@ kf7 @ nfu' kbfy{ b'Jo{;g *^ kf7 # e|i6frf/ () kf7 $ ;fdflhs ;d:of / ljs[lt x6fpg] pkfo (# kf7 % ;fdflhs ;d:of / ljs[lt ;dfwfgdf cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\3;+:yfsf] e"ldsf (* kf7 ^ åGå / Joj:yfkg !)!

PsfO % xfd|f] ljut !)$ kf7 ! g]kfn zAbsf] pTklQ !)% kf7 @ g]kfnsf] k|frLg sfn -uf]kfn, dlxifkfn / ls/fFt_ !)& kf7 # sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] k|frLg ljut / ;Eotf !!! kf7 $ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] ljsf;, ;Defjgf / r'gf}tL !!# kf7 % xfd|f jL/ ;lxbx¿sf] kl/ro / of]ubfg !!^ kf7 ^ dfgj ;Eotf !@! kf7 & k'ghf{u/0f !@$ PsfO ^ xfd|f cfly{s lj|mofsnfk !@^ kf7 ! df}lb|s sf/f]af/ !@& kf7 @ g]kfnsf ljQLo ;+:yf !@( kf7 # g]kfnsf] ko{6g Joj;fo÷pBf]u !#! kf7 $ g]kfnsf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/ !#% kf7 % j}b]lzs /f]huf/L !#( kf7 ^ ;/sf/L cfo !$$ PsfO & xfd|f] k[YjL !$^ kf7 ! k[YjLsf b}lgs / jflif{s ultsf k|efjx¿ !$& kf7 @ df};d / xfjfkfgL !%) kf7 # hnjfo' kl/jt{g !%# kf7 $ g]kfnsf l5d]sL b]z !%^ kf7 % ljkt\ Joj:yfkg !^) kf7 ^ gS;f tyf k|of]ufTds sfo{ !^# PsfO * hg;ª\Vof / o;sf] Joj:yfkg !&@ kf7 ! hg;fª\lVos kl/jt{gsf lgwf{/s tTTjx¿ !&# kf7 @ hg;flª\VosLo dfkg !&^ kf7 # d[To'b/ !*) kf7 $ a;fOF;/fO !*@ kf7 % g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vof !*$ kf7 ^ g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] ljt/0f / hg3gTj !** kf7 & a;fOF;/fO !(# PsfO ( cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw, ;d;fdlos 36gf / ;"rgf k|ljlw !(& kf7 ! ljleGg s'6gLlts lgof]ux¿ / ltgsf sfo{x¿ !(* kf7 @ lad:6]s @)) kf7 # ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3 @)@ kf7 $ ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3 / g]kfnlarsf] ;DaGw / ;xof]u @)^ kf7 % ;fOa/ ck/fw @)( kf7 ^ ;d;fdlos ultljlw / 36gf Pjd\ o;n] dfgj hLjgdf kf/]sf] c;/ @!!

1 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * PsfO ! xfdL / xfd|f] ;dfh o; PsfOdf x'g] xfd|f l;sfOx¿ o; PsfOsf] cWoogkl5 tkfO{Fx¿ lgDg sfo{df ;Ifd x'g'x'g] 5 M • ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff / g]kfndf ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx¿ pNn]v ug{, • ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/sf ¿kdf vfg]kfgL, pmhf{ / hgzlStsf] dxŒj Pjd\ jt{dfg cj:yf j0f{g ug{, • g]kfnsf] ;ª\3Lo /fHosf] :j¿k klxrfg ug{, • cfkm" a;]sf] k|b]zsf] kl/ro, ;+/rgf / ToxfFsf] ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts cj:yf atfpg, • cfkm\gf] k|b]zsf k|d'v ljsf; sfo{j|md÷cfof]hgfsf] klxrfg u/L ltgsf] ljz]iftf / k|efj atfpg . ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z s0ff{nL k|b]z bfr'{nf j}t8L aemfª x'Dnf d'u' 8f]Nkf afh'/f c5fd s}nfnL s~rgk'/ alb{of sflnsf]6 ;'v]{t hfh/sf]6 ?s'd klZrd ?s'd k"j{ /f]Nkf ;Nofg af“s] c3f{vf“rL Ko"7fg u'NdL DofUbL d':tfª afUn'ª uf]/vf kj{t :ofª\hf tgx'“ gjnk/f;L -a=;'=k"=_ gjnk/f;L -a=;'=k=_ lrtjg wflbª /;'jf g'jfsf]6 dsjfgk'/ l;Gw'kfNrf]s sf7df8f}“ eQmk'/ nlntk'/sfe|]knf~rf]s l;Gw'nL bf]nvf /fd]5fk ;f]n'v'Da' ;ª\v'jf;ef tfKn]h'ª t]x|y'd kf“ry/ Onfd emfkf df]/ª wgs'6f ef]hk'/ vf]6fª cf]vn9'ª\uf pbok'/ ;Kt/L ;'g;/L dxf]Q/L /f}tx6 ;nf{xL af/f k;f{ l;/fxf wg'iff kfNkf slknj:t' ?kGb]xL dgfª ndh'ª sf:sL b}n]v n'lDagL k|b]z ef / g rL t ef / t sf]zL k|b]z dw]z k|b]z u08sL k|b]z jfudtL k|b]z ef / t h'Dnf bfª 88]Nw'/f 8f]6L

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 2 kf7 ! ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff ;sf/fTds kl/jt{gsf] k|lqmofnfO{ ljsf; elgG5 . ljsf; x/]s If]qsf nflu cTofjZos, ultzLn ;fdlos kl/jt{gsf] k|ltlaDa xf] . ljsf;n] ;dfhdf ;sf/fTds ;'wf/sf] ck]Iff /fv]sf] x'G5 . Dfflg;, ufpF, ;dfh, ;x/, ;d'bfo ;a} kl/jt{gzLn 5g\ . ljsf; slxNo} /f]lsFb}g . of] lg/Gt/ rln/xg] k|lqmof xf] . ljsf; slxn] l56f] / slxn] l9nf] x'G5 . b]zdf ;a} dflg; Odfgbf/, ldlxg]tL / hfFul/nf ePdf ljsf; l56f] x'G5 . ljsf;sf lgldQ ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] plrt kl/rfng x'g'k5{ . s'g} klg b]z ljsl;t aGg l:y/ ;/sf/, Odfgbf/ /fhgLlt1, b"/bzL{ g]tfx¿sf] cfk;L ;xsfo{ cfjZos k5{ . ljsf; gx'Fbf ul/aL a9\5 / hgtfsf b}lgs cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ug{ sl7g x'G5 . tNnf] cfly{s cj:yfaf6 dflyNnf cfly{s cj:yfdf k'Ug'nfO{ cfly{s ljsf; elgG5 . ljsf;n] dflg;sf] ef}lts rfxgf / ;fdflhs cj:yfsf] ;'wf/;DaGwL s'/fnfO{ ;d]t ;/f]sf/ /fV5 . ljsf;n] cfly{s dfq geP/ ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts tyf ;+:yfut j[l4 eGg] cy{ lbG5 . ;fdfGotM cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ljsf; b/ a9L / k|ltJolSt cfo klg w]/} ePsf b]znfO{ ljsl;t b]z elgG5 . cfly{s / k|fljlws ljsf; b/ sd clg k|ltJolSt cfo klg sd ePsf b]znfO{ ljsf;f]Gd'v b]z elgG5 . s'g} d'n'sdf Ps jif{leq pTkfbg ul/Psf j:t' / ;a} ;]jfsf] d"NonfO{ s'n /fli6«o pTkfbg elgG5 . s'g} lglZrt If]qsf] s'n 3/]n' cfDbfgLnfO{ To; If]qsf] hg;ª\Vofn] efu ubf{ cfpg] /sdnfO{ k|ltJolSt cfo elgG5 . b]z ljsl;t x'g b]zdf e]befj/lxt ;fdflhs jftfj/0f cfjZos x'G5 . k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] plrt kl/rfng, b]zsf ;a} hgtf Odfgbf/, ldlxg]tL / hfFul/nf ePdf b]zsf] ljsf; l56f] x'G5 . o;sf cltl/St b]zdf lzIff, :jf:Yo / tflnd k|fKt hgzlSt kof{Kt dfqfdf ePsf] / Odfgbf/ /fhgLlt1 / b"/bzL{ g]tfx¿sf] k|lta4tf /x]sf] cj:ydf b]z ljsl;t x'G5 .

3 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * ljsf;sf] cfjZostf tyf dxŒjM ;g\ !(*) sf] bzs;Fu} ljsf;n] ul/aL, c;dfgtf / a]/f]huf/L klg x6fpg ;Sg'k5{ eGg] dfGotfn] dxŒj kfpg yfNof] . jt{dfg ;dodf ljsf; ax'cfoflds k|lqmofsf ¿kdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . ljsf;sf] cfjZostf / dxŒj a9\b} uPsf] 5 . ljsf;sf] dxŒj tyf cfjZostfnfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf lgDgfg';f/ pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5M != /fi6«sf] ;fdflhs cfly{s l:yltdf ;'wf/ cfpF5 . @= ;/sf/sf] k|efjsfl/tf / ljZj;gLotf j[l4 x'G5 . #= /fi6«sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts, k|zf;lgs If]qdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g NofO{ lbuf]kgsf] k|Tofe"lt u5{ . $= cfwf/e"t cfjZostfx¿ vfBfGg, cfjf;, sk8f, :jf:Yo lzIff, vfg]kfgL / ;'/Iffdf k|efjsfl/tf NofpF5 . %= /f]huf/Lsf cj;/df j[l4 eO{ k|ltJolQm cfodf ;'wf/ cfpF5 . ^= cfocfh{gsf] cj;/ pknAw x'G5 . &= lzIff, ;+:s[lt / dfgjLo d"Nosf] k|jw{g x'G5 . g]kfndf ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx¿M != g]kfndf /x]sf tfn, vf]nf / gbLx¿df df5f kfng u/L cfly{s ljsf; ug{] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . @= g]kfnsf gbLaf6 k|z:t dfqfdf hnljB't\ pTkfbg u/L ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/x¿sf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . #= g]kfndf ko{6g pBf]usf] :yfkgf u/L ko{6g pBf]usf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . $= g]kfndf /x]sf jghª\unaf6 k|z:t dfqfdf h8La'6L pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . %= v]tLof]Uo e"lddf j}1flgs tl/sfaf6 v]tL u/L g]kfnsf] cfly{s ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . ^= g]kfndf xjfO{ tyf ;8s oftfoftsf] ;Defjgf /fd|f] /x]sf] 5 . sl7g zAbsf cy{ ;fdlos – ;do ;'xfpFbf] k|ltlaDa – lrq b"/bzL{ – w]/} kl5;Dd x'g] s'/fsf] ljrf/ k'¥ofpg] ljsf;f]Gd'\v – ev{/ ev{/ ljsf; x'g nfu]sf] k|ltJolQm – k|To]s JolQmdf nfUg] kof{Kt – w]/} cfoflds – nDafO, rf}8fO, prfO / ulx/fO ldn]sf] k|jw{g – j[l4

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 4 lj|mofsnfk != kqklqsfdf k|sflzt ljsf;sf] r/0fa4 cj:yf emNsg] lrq ;ª\sng u/L pQm lrqx¿n] s;/L ljsf;sf] kl/ro lbPsf 5g\, ;f] ;DaGwdf sIffdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ . @= ljsf;sf] r/0fa4 cj:yf emNsg] kf]:6/ tof/ u/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . #= ljsl;t / ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx¿sf] ljsf;sf ljleGg cj:yfsf] pbfx/0f k|:t't ub{} g]kfn ljsf;sf] s'g cj:yfdf 5, t'ngf ug'{xf];\ . $= …g]kfnsf] ljsf;df k|fs[lts / dfgjLo ;|f]t;fwgsf] k|of]u / ;DefjgfÚ ljifodf sIffdf 5nkmn u/L cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf s'/f sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . cEof; != ljsf; eg]sf] s] xf] < @= ljsf;sf] cj:yfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ljsl;t / ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zsf] t'ngf ug'{xf];\ . #= g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf ;Defjgf zLif{sdf jSt[tf tof/ kfg'{xf];\ . $= tkfOF{sf ljrf/df g]kfnnfO{ ljsl;t d'n's agfpg s] s] ug'{knf{ < a'Fbfut ¿kdf n]Vg'xf];\ . %= g]kfndf ljsf;sf s] s:tf] ;Defjgf /x]sf 5g\, n]Vg'xf];\ . ^= tn lbOPsf b'O{ tl:a/sf] cWoog u/L cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf s'/fnfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf pNn]v ug'{xf];\ M klxnf] tl:a/ bf];|f] tl:a/ ;fd'bflos sfo{ tkfO{+sf] ;d'bfodf ljsf;sf] k|efjaf6 k|efljt Ho]i7 gful/s x'g'x'G5 xf]nf . pxfF;Fu 5nkmn u/L Ps cg'R5]b tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .

5 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * d'n'ssf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu pknAw u/fOg] cfwf/e"t ;]jf / ;'ljwfnfO{ ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/ elgG5 . ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/cGtu{t lzIff, :jf:Yo, oftfoft, vfg]kfgL, pmhf{, ;~rf/ / hgzlSt kb{5g\ . b]z ljsf;sf nflu ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug{ ;|f]t / ;fwgsf cltl/St pko'St hgzlSt rflxG5 . ;d'bfodf a:g] JolStx¿sf] ;r]tgf a9fpg / pgLx¿nfO{ :j:y /fVg lzIff / :jf:Yo ;'ljwfx¿ pknAw x'g'k5{ . d'n'ssf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu o:tf cfwf/e"t ;'ljwf pknAw ePdf b]zsf] ljsf; l56f] l56f] x'G5 . s'g} klg sfd /fd|f];Fu ;DkGg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf bIf hgzlStsf] lgdf{0faf6 ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 . ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx¿, j;Gt cfwf/e"t ljBfondf ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgj d"No lzIff cWofkg u/fpg'x'g] lzIfs zflGt nfld5fg]n] ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/sf ;DaGwdf cfcfkm\gf] ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L k|:t't ug{ sIff * sf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ tLg ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . uf]nfk|yf ubf{ klxnf] ;d"xnfO{ vfg]kfgL, bf];|f] ;d"xnfO{ pmhf{ / t];|f] ;d"xnfO{ hgzlSt k/]sf] lyof] . xfdLn] pSt ljBfonsf ljBfyL{n] cfcfkm\gf] ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L k|:t't ePsf k|:t'lt cWoog u/f}FM klxnf] ;d"xM vfg]kfgL cfb/0fLo u'?ju{, ljBfyL{ ;fyLx¿ xfd|f] ;d"xnfO{ ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/cGtu{t vfg]kfgL k/]sf] lyof] . xfd|f] ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L xfdLn] k|fKt u/]sf] ljj/0fnfO{ lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ub{5' M ljsf;sf] dxŒjk"0f{ k"jf{wf/ vfg]kfgL xf] . vfg]kfgL dfgj hLjgsf nflu geO{ gx'g] j:t' xf] . o;sf] cefjdf dfgj hLjgsf] sNkgf;Dd klg ug{ ;lsFb}g . x/]s sfdsfh ;DkGg ug{ / dflg;nfO{ afFRgsf nflu ;d]t kfgL cfjZos x'G5 . hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ / ;du| /fi6«sf] cfly{s l:yltnfO{ vfg]kfgLn] klg k|ltlalDat u5{ . vfg]kfgLn] dfgj z/L/sf] b'O{ltxfO efu cf]u6\g] ePsfn] ;a} hgtfn] ;xh 9ª\uaf6 :jR5 / ;'/lIft kfgL k|fKt ug{ kf7 @ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 6 kfpg'k5{ . hn;|f]tdf ;DkGg b]zx¿sf] t'ngf ug{] xf] eg] g]kfn a|flhnkl5sf] hn;|f]tdf ;DkGg b]z xf] t/ oxfFsf clwsf+z ;x/L If]qdf a;f]af; ug{] dflg; / s]xL u|fdL0f If]qdf a;f]af; ug{] dflg;n] :jR5 vfg]kfgLsf] cefj a]xf]g'{k/]sf] b]lvG5 . kfgLaf6 z/L/sf nflu cfjZos kg{] nj0fnufot ljleGg tTTj kfKt ug{ ;lsG5 . b"lift kfgLsf sf/0f x}hf, cfpF, ´f8fkvnf, 6fOkmfO8, hlG8; h:tf /f]u nfUg ;S5g\ . tLj| ultdf a9]sf] hg;ª\Vofsf sf/0f g]kfndf ;x/L If]qdf lkpg] kfgLsf] cefj lbglbg} a9\b} 5 . kfgLsf] z'4tfdf eGbf cfk"lt{df ;a}sf] Wofg uPsf] 5 . kxf8L If]qdf Ps ufu|L kfgLsf nflu 306f}F;Dd lxF8\g'kg{] afWotf 5 . u|fdL0f hgtfsf] 3/b}nf];Dd kfOksf] nfOg k'¥ofpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . k|zf]lwt / z'4 kfgL pknAw u/fpgtkm{ s;}sf] Wofg s]lGb|t 5}g . Ogf/, 6\o'aj]n / cfsfzaf6 kg{] kfgLsf e/df afFRg'kg{] afWotf 5 . dfucg';f/sf] cfk"lt{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfndf xfn;Dd klg Ps ltxfOeGbf a9L hgtfnfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . o;}n] vfg]kfgLsf] ;+/If0f ug'{ xfdL ;a}sf] st{Jo xf] . o;sf nflu wf/f k|of]u ul/;s]kl5 aGb ug{'k5{ . wf/f v'nf /fv]/ cGo sfd ug'{ x'Fb}g . wf/fdf 6'6L /fVg] / vfg]kfgLnfO{ l;FrfOdf k|of]u ug'{ x'Fb}g . n'uf w'g / ;/;kmfOsf nflu cfsf;] kfgL k|of]u ug'{k5{ . vfnL /x]sf] hldgdf j[If/f]k0f ug'{kb{5 . wGojfb Û bf];|f] ;d"xM pmhf{ cfb/0fLo u'?ju{ Pjd\ ljBfyL{ ;fyLx¿, xfd|f] ;d"xnfO{ ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/cGtu{t pmhf{ k/]sf] lyof] . xfd|f] ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L xfdLn] k|fKt u/]sf] ljj/0fnfO{ lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't u/]sL 5' M pmhf{ eg]sf] zlSt xf] . o;nfO{ csf{] zAbdf OGwg;d]t eGg] ul/G5 . aTtL afNg, vfgf agfpg, pks/0fx¿ rnfpg, snsf/vfgf rnfpg, df]6/uf8L u'8fpg / xjfO{hxfh p8fpg zlStsf ¿kdf xfdL pmhf{sf] k|of]u u5f}{+ . xfjf, kfgL, ;f}o{zlQm, sf]Onf, k]6«f]n, Uof;, bfp/f cflb pmhf{ pTkfbg ug]{ k|d'v cfwf/ x'g\ . xfd|f] b}lgs lqmofsnfksf nflu pmhf{ cfjZos k5{ . hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ / ;du| /fi6«sf] cfly{s l:yltnfO{ pmhf{n] k|ltlalDat u5{ . g]kfndf pmhf{ pTkfbgsf nflu k|z:t ;Defjgf /x]sf 5g\ . pmhf{n] xfd|f] hLjgnfO{ ;/n / Jojl:yt agfpg] sfo{ u5{ . pmhf{n] b}lgs hLjgdf pkof]u ul/g] ljB'tLo pks/0fx¿ ;~rfng u/]/ ;'ljwf pkof]u ug{ ;xh agfPsf] 5 .

7 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * pmhf{n] snsf/vfgf rnfpg, s[lif Joj:ffonfO{ j[l4 ug{ tyf ko{6g Joj:ffo ;~rfng ug{ klg ;xof]u u5{ . ljsl;t b]zdf pmhf{sf] vkt a9L x'G5 . pmhf{n] dflg;sf] ;'v, ;+d[l4 / cfly{s ljsf;;Fu ;DaGw /fV5 . pmhf{ pTkfbgsf lx;fan] g]kfn k|z:t ;Defjgf ePsf] b]z xf] . oxfF *# xhf/ d]ufjf6 hnljB't\ pTkfbg ug{ cflys tyf k|fljlws b[li6sf]0faf6 ;Dej b]lvPsf] 5 t/ xfn;Dd Ps xhf/ d]ufaf6 hnljB't\ klg pTkfbg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o;sf sf/0f pmhf{sf] dfucg';f/ cfk"lt{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfndf a9\bf] hg;ª\Vofsf sf/0f lbgk|ltlbg pmhf{df ;ª\s6 pTkGg x'g] ;Defjgf a9\b} uPsf] 5 . pmhf{ ;ª\s6 /f]Sg xfdLn] 3/df sd ljB't\ vkt ug{] pks/0fsf] k|of]u ug'{k5{ . ljB't\ sd rflxg] l;PkmPn lrd jf ln8 aQLsf] k|of]u u/]/ tyf sf]7fdf ;]tf] jf kx]Fnf] /ªsf] k|of]u u/]/ klg pmhf{sf] art ug{ ;lsG5 . ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . hn;|f]t / ;f}o{ zlStsf] k|of]unfO{ k|fyldstf lbP/ klg pmhf{ ;ª\s6nfO{ sd ug{ ;lsG5 . wGojfb Û t];|f] ;d"xM pBf]u / Jofkf/sf] ;DaGw cfb/0fLo u'?ju{ Pjd\ ljBfyL{ ;fyLx¿, xfd|f] ;d"xnfO{ ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/cGtu{t hgzlSt k/]sf] lyof] . xfd|f] ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L xfdLn] k|fKt u/]sf] ljj/0fnfO{ lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't u/]sL 5' M dfgj ;fwgnfO{ hgzlSt elgG5 . s'g} sfd /fd|f];Fu ug{] Ifdtf / l;k ePsf JolQm jf ;d"xnfO{ bIf hgzlSt elgG5 . hgzlSt jf dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;sf] Ps dxŒjk"0f{ k"jf{wf/ xf] . b]zdf ljsf;sf] kl/sNkgf ug]{, of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ / To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog u/L k|ToIf k|ultsf] cg'ej u/fpg] Ps dfq zlSt hgzlSt xf] . hgzlStnfO{ bIftfsf cfwf/df cbIf, cw{ bIf / bIf u/L tLg lsl;ddf juL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 . bIf hgzlStx¿ cNksfnLg, bL3{sfnLg / l:y/ cfjZostf kl/k"lt{sf nflu lgdf{0f ul/Psf x'G5g\ . bIf hgzlStx¿ cfkm\gf] :jfledfgsf] /Iff ub{} b]zlgdf{0fdf h'6\g'k5{ . cfkm\gf] b]znfO{ ljsl;t agfpg' ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLsf] st{Jo / bfloTj xf] . b]zdf 5l/P/ /x]sf k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] ;xL ;b'kof]u u/L ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug{ hgzlStsf] e"ldsf dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . x/]s b]zsf] ljsf; hgzlStdf lge{/ /xg] ePsfn] hgzlSt lgdf{0fsf nflu x/]s b]zsf] ;/sf/n] nufgL ug{'k5{ . Jofj;flos tyf

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 8 k|fljlws lzIffdf hf]8, 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/, kfOn6, k|fWofks, jlsn, lzIfs cflb h:tf bL3{sfnLg bIf hgzlSt aGg ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf JolQmnfO{ lgMz'Ns lzIffsf] Joj:yf, ;fgf sfdsfh ug{ ;Sg] JolQmsf nflu tflndsf] Joj:yf cflb u/]/ ;/sf/n] hgzlSt lgdf{0f ug{'k5{ . wGojfb Û sl7g zAbsf cy{ ;r]ttf – ;r]t x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt clwsf+z – w]/} nj0f – g'g k|zf]lwt – k|zf]wg ul/Psf] pmhf{ – an jf zlQm ;+d[l4 – /fd|f] j[l4 cNksfnLg – 5f]6f] ;dosf] bL3{sfnLg – nfdf] ;dosf] :jfledfg – cfkm\gf] k|lti7f / dxŒjdflysf] ul/df k|fljlws – s'g} k|sf/sf] lj1fg, lzNksnf;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf] lj|mofsnfk != tkfOF{sf] 3/df vfg]kfgL s'g s'g k|of]hgdf slt k|of]u x'G5 < ;f]sf] ljj/0f tof/ kf/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . @= vfg]kfgL ljsf;sf dxŒjk"0f{ k"jf{wf/ zLif{sdf jSt[tf tof/ kf/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . #= tkfOF{sf] ;d'bfodf vfg]kfgLsf ljleGg ;|f]t klxrfg u/L pSt ;|f]taf6 k|fKt kfgL vfg of]Uo 5 ls 5}g, kQf nufO{ kfgL vfg of]Uo gePsf cj:yfdf vfg of]Uo agfpg] tl/sf lrqåf/f k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . $= tn lbOPsf] vfg]kfgL;DaGwL uLtsf] cWoog u/L tkfO{F klg pmhf{sf ;DaGwdf uLt cyjf sljtf tof/ kfg'{xf];\ . …:jR5 vfg] kfgL :jR5 hLjgÚ kfgLlagf lhGbufgL afFRg sl7g x'g] vfg] kfgL kmf]xf]/ x'Fbf w]/} /f]un] 5'g] kfgL ;+/If0f u/f}F ;w}F afa' gfgL :jR5 x'Fbf vfg] kfgL :jR5 lhGbufgL . x] ===vfg] kfgL kmf]xf]/ x'Fbf dfG5] /f]uL x'G5 kfgLlagf afFRg ;Sg] of] ;+;f/df s'g 5 kfgLsf] ;/;kmfO u/f}F afa' gfgL :jR5 vfg] kfgL :jR5 lhGbufgL .

9 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * %= tkfOF{sf 3/df wf/fdf kfgL gcfPsf] x'gfn] kfgLsf] nfOg dd{t ul/lbg vfg]kfgL ;ldlt jf ;+:yfgnfO{ cg'/f]w ub{} Ps kq n]Vg'xf];\ . ^= tkfOF{sf 3/df s] s] sfo{sf lglDt pmhf{sf] k|of]u ul/G5, ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ . &= pmhf{ g} ljsf;sf] d]?808 xf] eGg] s'/fdf 5nkmn u/L k|fKt lgisif{nfO{ sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . *= tkfOF{sf] ;d'bfodf s'g s'g lsl;dsf hgzlSt 5g\, ltgsf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ . cEof; != g]kfgLsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{] pkfosf] ;"rL tof/ kfg'{xf];\ . @= vfg]kfgLnfO{ ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/ dflgg'sf] sf/0f n]Vg'xf];\ . #= kfgLsf] dxŒj zLif{sdf Pp6f 5f]6f] syf tof/ kfg'{xf];\ . $= kfgLn] xfd|f] b}lgs hLjgnfO{ k|efj kf5{ . o; egfOnfO{ k'li6 ug'{xf];\ . %= pmhf{n] xfd|f] b}lgs hLjgdf kfg{] k|efjnfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . ^= ljsf;sf nflu pmhf{ zLif{sdf ;+jfb tof/ kfg'{xf];\ . &= pmhf{af6 x'g] kmfObfnfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ . *= bIf JolQmx¿sf 3/df g} /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ x'G5g\, s;/L < (= cNksfnLg bIf hgzlQm / bL3{sfnLg bIf hgzlQmlar rf/ cf]6f a'Fbfdf km/s b]vfpg'xf];\ . !)= l:y/ hgzlQmsf] kl/ro lbg'xf];\ . o:tf hgzlQmsf] e"ldsfnfO{ a'Fbfut ¿dkf k|:6 kfg'{xf];\ . !!= hgzlQm tof/ kfg{ ;/sf/n] lgjf{x ug'{kg{] e"ldsfnfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf n]Vg'xf];\ . !@= hgzlQmnfO{ ljsf;sf] k"jf{Wff/ elgg'sf s'g} sf/0f lbg'xf];\ . !#= b]zdf bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg / ljsf; ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] s:tf] lsl;dsf] gLlt agfpg'kb{5 < 5 cf]6f a'Fbfdf n]Vg'xf];\ . !$= hgzlQm b]z ljsf;sf nflu lsg cfjZos 5 < rrf{ ug'{xf];\ . !%= hgzlQm lgdf{0fsf nflu tflnd eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 < tflnd lsg cfjZos 5 < ;fd'bflos sfo{ tkfOF{sf] ;d'bfodf k|of]u ePsf ljleGg lsl;dsf pmhf{x¿sf] gfd ;ª\sng u/L pQm pmhf{ s'g s'g sfo{sf nflu k|of]u ePsf] e]6\g'x'G5 < vf]hL u/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 10 ;ª\3Lo /fHosf] cjwf/0ffsf af/]df hfgsf/L k|fKt xf];\ eGg] p2]Zosf ;fy /]l8of] sf:sLsf]6df ;dfh;]jL /fds[i0f lu/LnfO{ clyltsf ¿kdf cfdGq0f ul/Psf] lyof] . pSt sfo{qmddf kqsf/ clbtL / ;dfh;]jL /fds[i0f lu/Lsf lardf ePsf] s'/fsfgLnfO{ cWoog u/f}F clg ;fyLx¿sf lardf xfdL klg clego u/f}F . kqsf/M gd:sf/ /fds[i0f ;/ clg :jfut 5 xfd|f] /]l8of] sf:sLsf]6df . ;dfh;]jLM gd:sf/ clg wGojfb klg . kqsf/M xfdL cfhsf] sfo{qmdf ;ª\3Lo /fHosf] cjwf/0ffsf af/]df hfgsf/L k|fKt xf];\ eGg] p2]Zosf ;fy s]xL s'/fsfgL ug{] 5f}F . ;ª\3Lotf eg]sf] s] xf], o;af/] xfd|f >f]tfnfO{ atfOlbg' g Û ;dfh;jLM ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] l;4fGtsf] clwstd k|of]u x'g] u/L /fHo / s]Gb|;Fusf] ;DaGw, clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF6;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ b]znfO{ ljleGg tx / /fHodf ljefhg u/L hgtfnfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpg] u/L zf;g ug{] k|0ffnLnfO{ ;ª\3Lotf elgG5 . kqsf/M ;ª\3Lo /fHosf] cfjZostf / o;sf] dxŒjsf af/]df s]xL atfOlbg' g . ;dfh;]jLM b]znfO{ :yfgLo, k|b]z / s]G› u/L tLg txdf ljefhg ul/Psf] x'G5 . o;n] ubf{ ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 x'g] sfd / hgtfn] kfpg] ;]jf;'ljwf rfF8f] k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . hgtf / ;/sf/larsf] ;DaGw Hofb} lgs6 /xG5 . :yfgLo txdf ufpFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf / lhNnf /x]sf x'G5g\ . :yfgLo txdf hgtfn] r'g]sf hgk|ltlglw x'G5g\ . ltgLx¿n] hgtfsf] efjgfcg';f/ sfd u5{g\ . ljsf;sf nflu k|lt:kwf{ a9\g] ePsfn] b]zsf] ljsf; l56f] x'G5 . ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] clwstd k|of]u x'G5 . cfkm"n] lt/]sf] s/ cfˆgf] k|b]zsf] ljsf; sfo{df pkof]u ug{ kfOg] ePsfn] s/sf] ;b'kof]u x'G5 . kqsf/M ;ª\3Lo /fHosf :j¿kx¿ klg t x'G5g\ xf]nf lg xlu < kf7 # ;ª\3Lo /fHosf] cjwf/0ff

11 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * ;dfh;]jLM lsg gx'g' . ;ª\3Lo /fHodf /fHosf ljleGg :j¿k x'G5g\ t/ xfd|f] b]zdf :yfgLo tx, k|b]z / s]Gb| -;ª\3_ u/L /fHosf tLg cf]6f :j¿k /x]sf 5g\ . kqsf/M :yfgLo ;/sf/ eg]sf] s] xf] / g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] :yfgLo txnfO{ s] s:tf clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 < ;dfh;]jLM hgtf;Fu k|ToIf ;DalGwt / ;Dks{df /xg] ;]jfd'vL sfof{nox¿nfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/ elgG5 . s]G›Lo ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfo g} :yfgLo lgsfo x'g\ . s]Gb|Lo k|zf;gnfO{ hgtf;Dd k'¥ofpg] tyf ;/sf/ / hgtflar ;Dks{ ug]{ k'nsf ¿kdf :yfgLo ;/sf/ /x]sf] x'G5 . To;}u/L g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] :yfgLo txnfO{ gu/ k|x/L;DaGwL clwsf/, ;xsf/L ;+:yf;DaGwL clwsf/, F.M. ;~rfng;DaGwL clwsf/, :yfgLo s/ lgwf{/0f;DaGwL clwsf/, :yfgLo ;]jf, tYofª\s, clen]v;DaGwL clwsf/, cfwf/e"t / dfWolds lzIff;DaGwL clwsf/, 3/hUuf wgLk'hf{ ljt/0f;DaGwL clwsf/, a]/f]huf/sf] tYofª\s ;ª\sng;DaGwL clwsf/, ljkt\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL clwsf/, :yfgLo ;8s, u|fdL0f ;8s, s[lif ;8s;DaGwL clwsf/, Ho]i7 gful/s, ckfª\usf] Joj:yfkg cflb clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 . kqsf/M x/]s k|b]zdf k|b]z Joj:yflksf / k|b]z sfo{kflnsf /x]sf x'G5g\ . k|b]z sfo{kflnsfnfO{ k|b]z ;/sf/ klg elgG5 . xfd|f] b]zsf ;ft cf]6} k|b]zdf GofokflnsfcGtu{t Ps Ps cf]6f pRr cbfnt /x]sf 5g\ eGg]af/] t ;'g]sL lyPF . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] Joj:yf u/]sf k|b]zsf clwsf/ s] s] x'g\ eGg]af/] atfOlbg' g . ;dfh;]jLM g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] k|b]z k|x/L / zflGt;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug{], 3/hUuf /flh:6«];g, ;jf/L s/, dgf]/~hg s/, lj1fkg s/ cflb lgwf{/0f ug{], k|b]z lghfdtL ;]jf k|bfg ug{], k|b]z ;ef, k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb\;DaGwL clwsf/, k|b]z nf]sdfu{ tyf Jofkf/;DaGwL clwsf/, k|b]z nf]s;]jf cfof]u;DaGwL clwsf/, e"ld Joj:yfkg, hUufsf] clen]v;DaGwL clwsf/, efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt ;+/If0f;DaGwL clwsf/, u'7L Joj:yfkg;DaGwL clwsf/ h:tf clwsf/sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . kqsf/M ;ª\3 eg]sf] s] xf] / o;sf sfo{ s] s] x'g\ < ;dfh;]jLM k|b]zx¿sf] ;ª\u7gnfO{ ;ª\3 elgG5 . o;n] ;Dk"0f{ k|b]zsf] cleefjs eO{

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 12 e"ldsf lgjf{x u5{ . s]Gb|df /fi6«klt, dlGqkl/ifb\, dGqfnox¿ -@%cf]6f_, ljefu -^) cf]6f_, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo -!$ cf]6f_, ;lrjfno / cfof]u /x]sf x'G5\g . oxfF ;ª\3Lo Joj:yflksf -k|ltlglw ;ef / /fli6«o ;ef_ x'G5g\ . ;ª\3Lo sfo{kflnsfcGtu{t s]G›Lo ;/sf/ /x]sf] x'G5 eg] s]Gb|df Pp6} dfq ;jf]{Rr cbfnt /xG5 . s]G›Lo ;/sf/n] ;fj{hlgs gLlt th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog u/fpg], k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{, dftxtsf lgsfosf] /]vb]v, lgb]{zg / lgoGq0f ug]{, b]zsf] /Iff tyf k|lt/Iff ug]{, k//fi6«;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{, df}lb|s tyf ljQLo gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{, :yfgLo lgsfox¿sf] ;dGjo, cg'udg / d"Nofª\sg ug]{ h:tf sfo{ u/]sf] x'G5 . kqsf/M cGTodf oxfFn] eGg / d}n] ;f]Wg afFsL /x]sf] s]xL eP=======, ;dfh;]jLM ;a}sf dgdf a:g ;kmn /]l8of] sf:sLsf]6df cltlysf ¿kdf cfdGq0f u/L d]/f ljrf/ /fVg] cj;/ lbg'ePsfdf tkfO{+nufot /]l8of] sf:sLsf]6 kl/jf/nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb eGb5' . wGojfb † sl7g zAbsf cy{ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f– zf;gsf] zlQm jf ;Ttf s]Gb|Lo :t/df dfq ;Lldt gu/L /fHosf tNnf lgsfox¿;Dd k|Tofof]hg ug{] sfd l;4fGt – ljrf/, ts{ / cg'ejåf/f :yflkt dt k|0ffnL – s'g} sfd ug{] ljlw, k4lt, /Llt, tl/sf ;]jfd'vL – ;]jfdf e/ kg{], ;]jf ?rfpg] clen]v – s'g} ljifosf] k|fdfl0fs n]v jf /]s8{ lnlk – lnlvt cIf/ u'7L – wfld{s jf k/f]ksf/L sfo{ ;~rfngsf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf], To;}af6 cfpg] cfo:tfn] b]j lkt[sf] k"hfcfhf cflb rnfpg] hUuf, 3/, ;DklQ cflbsf] /]vb]v ug{] ;fdflhs ;+:yf ;fj{hlgs – ;a} hgfsf] pkof]usf nflu agfOPsf] ;dGjo – b'O{ jf cg]s s'/fsf] kf/:kl/s ;DaGw jf d]n, ;+of]u cfdGq0f – lgDtf], lgdGq0ff lj|mofsnfk != g]kfndf ;ª\3Lo /fHosf] cjwf/0ff / cfjZostfsf ;fy} o;sf] dxŒj ;DaGwdf sIffdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ . @= tnsf] ;DkfbsLo cWoog u/L ;ª\3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] cfjZostf / dxŒjsf ;DaGwdf ;+jfb tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .

13 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * ;Dkfbs ;ª\3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] cfjZostf / dxŒj ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] cjwf/0ffcg';f/ ;du| /fi6«sf] ;dfg'kflts ljsf; x'g g;s]sfn] bf];|f] hgcfGbf]ng @)^@–^# kl5 g]kfndf ;ª\3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] cfjZostf dx;'; u/L ljleGg hgefjgf p7\g yfn]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -@)^#_ sf] bf];|f] ;+zf]wgn] o;nfO{ ;ª\3Lo nf]stflGqs u0f/fHosf ¿kdf ;d]t pNn]v u/]sf] 5 eg] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ n] o;nfO{ k"0f{tf lbPsf] 5 . ;ª\3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL nfu' ePdf zlQmsf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f eO{ /fHo–/fHolardf k|lt:kwf{ x'g] x'Fbf b]z ljsf; l56f] x'g'sf ;fy} nf]stGqsf] k"0f{ cEof;;d]t ug{ kfOG5 . cfkm\gf ;|f]t / ;fwgx¿sf] kl/rfng, ;ª\3Lo cfTd lgdf{0fdf j[l4;d]t x'g] ePsf] x'Fbf ;ª\3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] dxŒj cfw'lgs zf;g Joj:yfdf dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 . #= ;ft k|b]zdf ljeflht g]kfnsf] gS;f tof/ kf/L sIffdf k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ . $= ;ft k|b]zdf ljeflht g]kfnsf] gS;f ;ª\sng u/L /fHosf] :j¿knfO{ :yfgLo, k|fb]lzs / ;ª\3Lo 9fFrfdf ljefhg ug'{sf cfwf/af/] 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ . $= :yfgLo, k|fb]lzs / ;ª\3Lo ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ afF8kmfF6 ;DaGwdf ;d"xut 5nkmn u/L k|fKt lgisif{nfO{ sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . cEof; != g]kfndf ;ª\3Lo ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff cfpg'sf sf/0fx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ . @= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] Joj:yf u/]sf ;ª\3sf clwsf/x¿ pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . #= s:tf] ;/sf/nfO{ ;ª\3Lo ;/sf/ elgG5 < ;ª\3Lo ;/sf/sf ;an kIf tyf kmfObfx¿ pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . $= ;ª\3Lo /fHosf dxŒjx¿ pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . %= ;ª\3Lo ;/sf/ / k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf tLg tLg cf]6f sfd n]Vg'xf];\ . ;fd'bflos sfo{ tkfO{F /x]sf] :yfgLo txdf ldlt @)&( ;fn j}zfv #) ut] ;DkGg lgjf{rgaf6 lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwnfO{ e]6L pxfFx¿n] ug{] sfdsf af/]df ;f]Wg'xf];\ / cfkm"n] kfPsf] hfgsf/LnfO{ sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 14 s';'d /fO{ sf]zL k|b]zsf] sflnsf dfWolds ljBfnosf] sIff * df k9\g'x'G5 . pxfFnfO{ lzIfs cflbTo nfld5fg]n] cfkm" a;]sf] k|b]zsf af/]df atfpg eg]kl5 pxfF eGg'x'G5M d sf];L k|b]zdf a:5' . of] k|b]z k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwgsf lx;fan] wgL 5 . oxfF ;u/dfyf, dsfn', s~rghª\3f h:tf ;'Gb/ / cUnf lxdfn 5g\ . sf]zL gbL o; k|b]zsf] d'Vo gbL xf] . of] k|b]z ;flassf !$ lhNnf ;f]n'v'Da', ;+v'jf;ef, tfKn]h'ª, cf]vn9'ª\uf, vf]6fª, ef]hk'/, t]x|y'd, kfFry/, pbok'/, wgs'6f, df]/ª, emfkf, ;'g;/L / Onfd ldnfP/ agfPsf] k|b]z xf] . o; k|b]zn] k"jL{ g]kfnsf] lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{ e"efunfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 . ;u/dfyf tyf dsfn' / j?0f /fli6«o lgs'~h o;} k|b]zdf k5{g\ . o; k|b]zn] g]kfnsf] s'n e"efusf] sl/a !* k|ltzt cyf{t\ @%,()% ju{ ls=ld= If]qkmn cf]u6]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] hgu0fgf @)&* cg';f/ oxfF $(^!$!@ hg;ª\Vof /x]sf] 5 . o; k|b]zdf k|ltlglw;efsf nflu lgjf{rg If]q @* cf]6f / k|b]z;efsf nflu lgjf{rg If]q %^ cf]6f lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ! dxfgu/kflnsf, @ pkdxfgu/kflnsf, $^ gu/kflnsf, ** ufpFkflnsf / !,!%& j8f /x]sf] o; k|b]zdf /fO{, lnDa", n]Krf, /fhj+zL, sf]r], d]r], afx'g, IfqL, z]kf{ cflb hfltsf dflg; a;f]af; u5{g\ . o; k|b]zdf j/fx If]q, kflye/f, xn];L dxfb]j, l5Gtfªb]jL dlGb/ h:tf wfld{s :yn /x]sf 5g\ . o; k|b]zdf wfg, ds} / ux'F h:tf vfB afnL pTkfbg x'G5g\ . h'6, lrof, pv', ;'tL{ cflb gub] afnLsf ¿kdf nufOG5 . h'6 ldn, lrgL sf/vfgf, ;'tL sk8f pBf]u, lrof pBf]u /x]sf] o; k|b]zsf] k|d'v ljz]iftf s[lifaf6 If]qut s'n ufx{:Yf pTkfbgdf a9L of]ubfg x'g' xf] . o; k|b]zsf] c:yfoL /fhwfgL lj/f6gu/nfO{ tf]lsPsf] 5 . hgs ofbj g]kfnsf] dw]; k|b]zdf a:g'x'G5 . pxfFn] cfkm" a;]sf] k|b]zsf af/]df cfkm\gL ;fyL hfgsL wfdLnfO{ o;/L n]v]/ k7fpg'eof]M d a;]sf] k|b]zsf] gfd dw]; k|b]z xf] . dw]; k|b]z dw];sf cf7 lhNnf wg'iff, dxf]Q/L, ;nf{xL, ;Kt/L, l;/fxf, /f}tx6, af/f / k;f{nfO{ ldnfP/ agfOPsf] k|b]z xf] . of] g]kfnsf] kf7 $ cfk"m a;]sf] k|b]z ;f]n'v'Da' ;ª\v'jf;ef tfKn]h'ª t]x|y'd kf“ry/ Onfd emfkf df]/ª wgs'6f ef]hk'/ vf]6fª cf]vn9'ª\uf pbok'/ ;'g;/L sf]zL k|b]z

15 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * blIf0fk"jL{ If]qdf /x]sf] 5 . hg;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df of] bf];|f] ;a}eGbf a9L hg;ª\Vof ePsf] / If]qkmnsf cfwf/df ;a}eGbf ;fgf] k|b]z xf] . g]kfnsf] hgu0fgf @)&* cg';f/ o; k|b]zdf -dw]z k|b]z_ ^! nfv !$ xhf/ ^ ;o hg;ª\Vof /x]sf] 5 . o; k|b]zdf k;f{b]lv ;Kt/L;Ddsf] ;dy/ e"efu 5 . s'n e"efusf] sl/a & k|ltzt cyf{t\ (^^! ju{ ls=ld= If]qkmn dw]; k|b]zdf /x]sf] 5 . k|ltlglw;efsf nflu #@ cf]6f / k|b]z;efsf nflu ^$ cf]6f lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] o; k|b]zdf ! dxfgu/kflnsf, # pkdxfgu/kflnsf, &# gu/kflnsf, %( ufpFkflnsf / !,@&! j8f /x]sf 5g\ . o; k|b]zdf d'Vo hfltsf ¿kdf ofbj, yf¿, blnt, d'l:nd cflb ;d'bfosf dflg; a;f]af; u5{g\ . d}lynL, alHhsf, ef]hk'/L, g]kfnL cflb oxfF af]lng] d'Vo efiff x'g\ . jL/uGh, nxfg, /fhlj/fh, xl/cf}g, rGb|lgufxfk'/, l;d/f / hgsk'/ oxfFsf d'Vo Jofkfl/s s]Gb| x'g\ . /fdhfgsL, l5Ggd:tf, u9LdfO{ dlGb/ cflb oxfFsf k|d'v wfld{s :yn x'g\ . s[lif, dT:o kfng / pBf]un] o; k|b]zsf] s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgdf of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] 5 . o; k|b]zsf] /fhwfgL hgsk'/ tf]lsPsf] 5 . wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts tyf ko{6sLo :ynx¿n] o; k|b]zsf] cy{tGqdf ;sf/fTds k|efj kfb{5g\ . sl7g zAbsf cy{ e"efu – hldgsf] v08 6'ª\uf] – s'g} sfd jf s'/fsf] lgwf] lj|mofsnfk != tkfO{F a;]sf] k|b]zsf] gS;f agfO{ sIffdf k|bz{g ug'{xf]; . @= sf]zL k|b]zsf] ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt, ;fdflhs /xg;xg / cfly{s cj:yfsf] 5nkmn u/L cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf s'/f a'Fbfut ¿kdf n]Vg'xf];\ . #= dw]; k|b]zsf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs cj:yfsf af/]df ;+jfb tof/ kfg'{xf];\ . cEof; != ;ª\3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLcg';f/ sf]zL k|b]zdf s'g s'g lhNnf /x]sf 5g\ < @= sf]zL k|b]zdf a[xt\ ¿kdf lrof v]tL tyf ;gkf6 v]tL ul/G5 . o; sygnfO{ pko'Qm sf/0f;lxt k'li6 ug{'xf];\ . ;Kt/L dxf]Q/L /f}tx6 ;nf{xL af/f k;f{ l;/fxf wg'iff dw]z k|b]z

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 16 #= sf]zL k|b]zdf Jofkf/ a9fpg] s'g} rf/ pkfo pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . $= ;ª\3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLcg';f/ dw]; k|b]zdf s'g s'g lhNnf /x]sf 5g\ < %= sf]zL k|b]zsf dflg;n] ef]Ug'k/]sf rf/ ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfo n]Vg'xf];\ . ^= dw]; k|b]zdf a9L pBf]uwGbf :yfkgf x'g'sf rf/ sf/0fx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ . &= dw]; k|b]zsf d'Vo cf}Bf]lus / Jofkfl/s s]Gb|x¿sf] gfd n]vL Jofkf/ a9fpg] s'g} b'O{ pkfo pNn]v ug{'xf];\ . *= dw]; k|b]zsf Ps hgf k|l;4 cy{zf:qL eGb5g\, æc¿ k|b]zeGbf of] k|b]z cfly{s ljsf;df cufl8 5 .Æ tL cfly{s ljsf;sf sf/0fx¿ s]–s] x'g ;S5g\ < klxrfg u/L n]Vg'xf];\ . (= dw]; k|b]zdf /x]sf hgsk'/ / jL/uGhdf r'/f]6 sf/vfgfx¿ 5g\ . w"dkfgn] dflg;sf] :jf:Yodf xflg k'¥ofpF5 . g]kfndf r'/f]6 pBf]ux¿ x'g' /fd|f] xf] ls xf]Og < cfkm\gf] ljrf/ JoQm ug{'xf];\ .

17 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * k|sfz yfkf eG5g\, ljb]zdf /xFbf ofb cfpg] eg]sf] 3/ b]zsf] /x]5 . cfkm" hGd]sf] 7fpF :ju{eGbf klg Kof/f] x'g] /x]5 . pgL eG5g\, d hGd]sf] k|b]zsf] gfd jfUdtL k|b]z xf] . of] k|b]z ;flassf !# cf]6f lhNnf ldnfP/ agfOPsf] xf] . g]kfnsf] hgu0fgf @)&* cg';f/ of] k|b]zsf] hg;ª\Vof ^! nfv !^ xhf/ * ;o ^^ /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] /fhwfgL sf7df8f}F /x]sf] o; k|b]zsf] clwsf+z e"agf]6 lxdfnL / kxf8L 5 . g]kfnsf] sl/a !$ k|ltzt / @),#)) ju{ lsnf]ld6/ If]qkmn /x]sf] o; k|b]zdf k|ltlglw;efsf nflu ## cf]6f / k|b]z;efsf nflu ^^ cf]6f lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . o; k|b]zdf # dxfgu/kflnsf, ! pkdxfgu/kflnsf, $! gu/kflnsf, &$ ufpFkflnsf / !,!@! j8f /x]sf 5g\ . o; k|b]zsf] lxdfnL If]qdf z]kf{ / ef]6] hftsf dflg; a:5g\ eg] pkTosfdf g]jf/x¿sf] afx'No 5 . sf7df8f}F, eStk'/, nlntk'/, ag]kf, x]6f}F8f, lrtjg / w'lnv]n h:tf 7'nf ;x/ /x]sf] o; k|b]zdf x]6f}F8f, kf6g, afnfh' cflb h:tf cf}Bf]lus If]q /x]sf 5g\ . uf];fOFs'08, kz'kltgfy, :joDe", a'9fgLns07, af}4gfy :t"k, bf]nvf eLd]Zj/, blIf0fsfnL, knf~rf]s eujtL h:tf wfld{s :yn;d]t o;} k|b]zdf 5g\ . o; k|b]zsf] /fhwfgL x]6f}F8fnfO{ tf]lsPsf] 5 . o; k|b]zsf] k"j{df sf];L k|b]z / klZrddf u08sL k|b]z kb{5 eg] pQ/df rLg / blIf0fdf ef/t;Fu o;n] l;dfgf hf]8]sf] 5 . ;d'›L ;txb]lv !$! ld6/b]lv &,@@( ld6/;Dd km}lnPsf] o; k|b]zsf] tNnf] laGb' lrtjgsf] uf]nf3f6 xf] eg] dflyNnf] laGb' nfª6fª lxdfn xf] . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfkL ljefusf cg';f/ jfUdtL k|b]z @^) %%Ú pQ/L cIff+zb]lv @*) @#Ú pQ/L cIff+z;Dd / *#) %%Ú k"jL{ b]zfGt/b]lv *^) #$Ú k"jL{ b]zfGt/;Dd km}lnPsf] 5 . u08sL k|b]z ;flassf !! cf]6f lhNnf d':tfª, dgfª, DofUbL, kj{t, afun'ª, sf:sL, ndh'ª, uf]/vf, :ofªhf, tgx'F / gjnk'/ ldnfP/ agfOPsf] xf] . g]kfnsf] hgu0fgf @)&* cg';f/ of] k|b]zsf] hg;ª\Vof @$ nfv ^^ xhf/ $ ;o @& /x]sf] 5 . o; k|b]zdf wjnflul/, cGgk"0f{, dgf:n' / lxpFr'nL h:tf kj{t z[ª\vnf, j]ugf;, ¿kf, kf7 %jfUdtL / u08sL k|b]z lrtjg wflbª /;'jf g'jfsf]6 dsjfgk'/ l;Gw'kfNrf]s sf7df8f}“ eQmk'/ nlntk'/sfe|]knf~rf]s l;Gw'nL bf]nvf /fd]5fk jfudtL k|b]z

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 18 km]jf / ltlnrf] h:tf tfn, dgfª / d':tfª h:tf lxdfnL pkTosf /x]sf 5g\ . o; k|b]zdf k|ltlglw;efsf nflu !* cf]6f / k|b]z;efsf nflu #^ cf]6f lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . o; k|b]zdf ! dxfgu/kflnsf, @^ gu/kflnsf, %* ufpFkflnsf / &%( j8f /x]sf 5g\ . o; k|b]zdf du/, u'?ª, afx'g, IfqL, ysfnL, b'/f cflb hfltsf dflg;sf] a;f]af; 5 . dgsfdgf, ljGWojfl;gL, Clifs]z dlGb/, d'lStgfy, afun'ª sflnsf, un]Zj/ cflb h:tf k|d'v wfld{s :yn /x]sf] o; k|b]zdf ko{6g pBf]usf] /fd|f] ;Defjgf 5 . g]kfnsf] s'n If]qkmn !,$&,!*! ju{ ls=ld=dWo] u08sL k|b]zn] !$=^^Ü If]qkmn cf]u6]sf] 5 . o;df k|b]zsf] s'n If]qkmndf lxdfnL e"efu %,*!( ju{ ls=ld= -@^=*Ü_, kxf8L e"efu !$,^)$ ju{ ls=ld= -^&=@Ü_ / t/fO{ e"efu !,#!) ju{ ls=ld= -^Ü_ kb{5 . o; k|b]zdf kxf8L e"efu a9L /x]sf] 5 . of] k|b]z g]kfn /fHosf] sl/a dWo efudf kb{5 . g]kfns} ;a}eGbf 7'nf] kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsf o; k|b]zdf /x]sf] 5 . sl7g zAbsf cy{ ofb – ;Demgf, ememNsf], :d[lt :ju{ – b]jnf]s ;flas – clxn]sf] eGbf k"j{ cj:yfsf], klxn]sf] lj|mofsnfk != ;a} lhNnfsf] gfd;d]t n]v]/ jfUdtL k|b]zsf] gS;f agfO{ sIffsf]7df k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ . @= u08sL k|b]zdf ko{6g pBf]usf] ;Defjgf 5 eGg] ljifodf cfwfl/t /xL ;+jfb tof/ kfg'{xf];\ / cfkm"n] tof/ u/]sf] ;+jfbdf clego ug'{xf];\ . cEof; != jfUdtL k|b]zdf w]/} ko{6s cfslif{t x'gfsf] s'g} Ps sf/0f n]Vg'xf];\ . @= jfUdtL k|b]zdf pBf]ux¿ :yfkgf x'g'sf sf/0fx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ . #= æu08sL k|b]zdf ko{6g pBf]usf] 7'nf] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 .Æ o; egfOnfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf k'li6 ug{'xf];\ . DofUbL d':tfª afUn'ª uf]/vf kj{t :ofª\hf tgx'“ gjnk/f;L -a=;'=k"=_ dgfª ndh'ª sf:sL u08sL k|b]z

19 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * /fKtL, ltgfp / a9Luf8 h:tf gbL clg ;TojtL, afx|s'g], hubLzk'/ h:tf tfn / bfª, b]pv'/L, /fdk'/, df8L h:tf pkTosf /x]sf] o; k|b]zdf ;flassf !@ lhNnf /x]sf 5g\ . ;flassf] gjnk/f;L lhNnfaf6 6'qm\ofOPsf] k"jL{ gjnk/f;L / ?s'daf6 6'qm\ofOPsf] k"jL{ ?s'd o; k|b]zdf k5{g\ . clwsf+z e"efu t/fO{ / afFsL kxf8L If]q /x]sf] o; k|b]zdf s'g} klg lxdz[ª\vnf 5}gg\ . k|b]zsf] hg;ª\Vof %! nfv @$ xhf/ @ ;o @% /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] sl/a !% k|ltzt @@,@** ju{ lsnf]ld6/ If]qkmn /x]sf] o; k|b]zdf k|ltlglw;efsf nflu @^ cf]6f / k|b]z;efsf nflu %@ cf]6f lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . o; k|b]zdf $ pkdxfgu/kflnsf, #@ gu/kflnsf, &# ufpFkflnsf / (*# j8f /x]sf 5g\ . du/, yf¿, afx'g, IfqL cflb hfltsf dflg;sf] afx'No /x]sf] o; k|b]zsf] blIf0fL e]udf dw];L ;d'bfosf dflg;sf] 3gf a:tL 5 . a'6jn, e}/xjf, s[i0fgu/, tfg;]g, ndxL, g]kfnuGh, sf]xnk'/, /fhfk'/ / lah'jf/ h:tf Jofkfl/s s]Gb| o; k|b]zdf /x]sf 5g\ . n'lDagL, l/8L, /];'ª\uf, e}/j :yfg, :ju{åf/L, 7fs'/åf/f, afu]Zj/L h:tf wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo s]Gb| / l;S6f, aaO{, jf0fuª\uf, ltgfpn h:tf l;FrfO cfof]hgf /x]sf] o; k|b]zdf y'k|} pBf]u ;~rflnt 5g\ . o; k|b]zsf] /fhwfgL b]pv'/L tf]lsPsf] 5 . s0ff{nL k|b]zM g]kfndf ;j{k|yd s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] gfd tf]lsPsf] lyof] . o; k|b]zdf ;flassf !% lhNnf /x]sf 5g\ . ?s'daf6 6'qm\ofOPsf] klZrd ?s'd klg o; k|b]zdf kb{5 . lxdfnL / kxf8L If]q /x]sf] o; k|b]zdf sfGhL/f]jf / kftf/f;L lxdz[ª\vnf /x]sf 5g\ . o; k|b]zsf] hg;ª\Vof !^ nfv ** xhf/ $ ;o !@ /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] sl/a @) k|ltzt @(,($* ju{ lsnf]ld6/ If]qkmn /x]sf] o; k|b]zdf k|ltlglw;efsf nflu !@ cf]6f / k|b]z;efsf nflu @$ cf]6f lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . o; k|b]zdf @% gu/kflnsf, %$ ufpFkflnsf kf7 ^ n'lDagL, s0ff{nL / ;'b'/klZrd k|b]z alb{of ?s'd k"j{ /f]Nkf af“s] c3f{vf“rL Ko"7fg u'NdL gjnk/f;L -a=;'=k=_ kfNkf slknj:t' ?kGb]xL n'lDagL k|b]z bfª

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 20 / &!* j8f /x]sf 5g\ . o; k|b]zdf 7s'/L, IfqL, afx'g, blntnufot hfltsf] afx'No 5 . jL/]Gb|gu/, l5Gr', b}n]v, ;NnL ahf/ / h'Dnf h:tf Jofkfl/s s]Gb| o; k|b]zdf /x]sf 5g\ . b]ptL aHo}, rGbggfy, z] u'Daf, sfFj|m]ljxf/ h:tf wfld{s :yn, ltnf, e]/L, ;fgL e]/L, x'Dnf s0ff{nL, d'u' s0ff{nL h:tf gbL /x]sf] o; k|b]zdf of;f{u'Daf, :ofp, cf]v/, h8La'6L kfOG5g\ eg] o; k|b]zsf] /fhwfgL ;'v{]t tf]lsPsf] 5 . ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zM ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf z'SnfkmfF6 jGohGt' cf/If, vKt8 /fli6«o lgs'~h, clk / ;}kfn lxdfn, pu|tf/f, z}n]Zj/L, al9dflnsf cflb h:tf ko{6sLo, wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts :yn /x]sf 5g\ . of] k|b]z g]kfnsf] ;'b"/klZrddf kb{5 . o; k|b]zsf] hg;ª\Vof @^ nfv ($ xhf/ & ;o *# /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] s'n e"efusf] sl/a !# k|ltzt cyf{t !(,%#( ju{ lsnf]ld6/ If]qkmn cf]u6]sf] o; k|b]zdf ^!=%$ k|ltzt ;fIf/tf /x]sf] 5 . k|ltlglw;efsf nflu !^ cf]6f / k|b]z;efsf nflu #@ cf]6f lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] o; k|b]zdf ! pkdxfgu/kflnsf, ## gu/kflnsf, %$ ufpFkflnsf / &#$ j8f /x]sf 5g\ . afx'g, 7s'/L, IfqL, yf¿, blntnufot ljleGg hfthfltsf] afx'No /x]sf] o; k|b]zsf eLdbQ gu/, wgu9L, l;nu9L, cQl/of, 6Lsfk'/, ;fFkm]au/ / 8F8]Nw'/f d'Vo Jofkfl/s s]Gb| x'g\ . o; k|b]zsf] /fhwfgL uf]bfj/L xf] . sl7g zAbsf cy{ clwsf+z – w]/} c+z afx'No – w]/} x'gfsf] efj lgs'~h – jg;Dkbfsf] ;'/Iffsf p2]Zon] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] :yn, cf/If0f s0ff{nL k|b]z x'Dnf d'u' 8f]Nkf sflnsf]6 ;'v]{t hfh/sf]6 ?s'd klZrd ;Nofg b}n]v h'Dnf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z bfr'{nf j}t8L aemfª afh'/f c5fd s}nfnL s~rgk'/ 88]Nw'/f 8f]6L

21 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * lj|mofsnfk != ;a} k|b]z / lhNnf k|:6 b]lvg] u/L g]kfnsf] gS;f agfO{ sIffsf]7fdf k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ . @= lzIffsf] ;xof]udf s0ff{nL k|b]zsf ;d:ofdf cfwfl/t eO{ sljtf, uLt, ;+jfbdWo] s'g} Ps tof/ kfg'{xf];\ . #= s0ff{nL k|b]zdf pBf]ux¿sf] ;ª\Vof sd x'gfsf sf/0faf/] sIffdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ . $= s0ff{nL k|b]zdf ko{6g pBf]usf] ;Defjgf eP klg o;sf] ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o; k|b]zdf ko{6g pBf]usf] ljsf; Ufg{ s] s:tf sfo{ ug{'knf{ < sIffdf 5nkmn u/L lgisif{ lgsfNg'xf];\ . cEof; != s0ff{nL k|b]z / n'lDagL k|b]zdf a;f]af; ug{] dflg;n] ug{] cfly{s lqmofsnfksf] t'ngf ug'{xf];\ . @= cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ /x]sf s0ff{nL k|b]z / ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf dflg;sf] cfly{s cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg s] s] ug{'knf{ < a'Fbfut ¿kdf n]Vg'xf];\ . #= ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf /x]sf] ko{6g pBf]usf] ;DefjgfnfO{ s;/L ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 < pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . $= …n"Ú eg]sf] s] xf] < o;n] g]kfnsf] klZrdL t/fO{nfO{ lsg a9L c;/ ub{5 < sf/0fx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ . %= lxpFb] jiff{ eg]sf] s] xf] < ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf cGo k|b]zsf] t'ngfdf a9L lxpFb] jiff{ x'gfsf sf/0f n]Vg'xf];\ . ^= lgDg a'Fbfsf cfwf/df ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf] kl/ro lbg'xf];\ M &= -s_ ef}uf]lns cj:yf -v_ ko{6sLo :yn -u_ cfly{s lqmofsnfk -3_ k|d'v hfthflt

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 22 d'n'ssf] cfly{s ljsf; / ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fdf dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg] uf}/jk"0f{ cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf elgG5 . /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfaf6 d'n'ssf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fdf dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'U5 . /0fgLlts dxŒjsf hnljB't\, ;8s, /]n, l;FrfO, ljdfg:yn, vfg]kfgL, jg, oftfoft cflb h:tf cfof]hgf /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf x'g\ . b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;, ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f, /f]huf/L l;h{gf, k'FhL lgdf{0f / k|fb]lzs ;Gt'ngdf o:tf cfof]hgfsf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5 . /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx¿sf ljz]iftf != /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx¿ ;du| /fi6«n] uf}/j ug{ nfos x'G5g\ . @= g]kfnL df}lnstf / ljlzi6tfnfO{ dWogh/ ul/Psf] x'G5 . #= g]kfn / g]kfnLx¿sf] klxrfg lbnfpg] x'G5g\ . $= /fli6«o cy{tGqdf 6]jf k'¥ofpF5g\ . %= o:tf cfof]hgfaf6 bL3{sfnLg k|ltkmn k|fKt x'G5 . ^= /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx¿ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ / cfwf/e"t cfjZostf;Fu o;sf] df}lnstf hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . &= o:tf cfof]hgfnfO{ ;/sf/n] pRr ;"rLdf /fv]/ sfd cufl8 a9fPsf] x'G5 . *= /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf w]/} ;|f]t, ;fwg / nufgLdf ;~rflnt x'G5g\ . /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx¿n] kfg{] k|efj != d'n'ssf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fdf of]ubfg k'U5 . @= aflx/L b]zx¿;Fu k|ToIf ;Dks{ a9\5 . #= s[lifof]Uo e"lddf ;xh l;FrfOsf] ;'ljwf k'U5 . $= hnljB't\ pTkfbgdf j[l4 x'G5 . %= b]zsf clwsf+z a:tLdf oftfoftsf] ;xh kx'Fr k'U5 . ^= b]zleq} /f]huf/L l;h{gf x'G5 . &= k|fb]lzs ;Gt'ng sfod /xG5 . kf7 &/fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx¿

23 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgf, aaO{ l;FrfO cfof]hgf, /fgLhd/f s'nl/of l;FrfO cfof]hgf, ;'gsf];L dl/0f 8fOe;{g cfof]hgf, dxfsfnL l;FrfO cfof]hgf, e]/L aaO{ 8fOe;{g ax'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgf, dflyNnf] tfdfsf];L hnljB't\ cfof]hgf, a'9Lu08sL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf, ljB't\ k|;f/0f cfof]hgf, klZrd ;]tL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf, uf}td a'4 cGt/ f{li6«o ljdfg:yn, kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn, lghu9 cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn, /]Nj] tyf d]6«f] ljsf; cfof]hgf, x'nfsL nf]sdfu{, k'iknfn dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{, kz'klt If]q ljsf; cfof]hgf, d]nDrL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf, n'lDagL If]q ljsf; sf]if cflb xfd|f] b]zdf ;~rflnt /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf x'g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;j{k|yd cf=j= @)^*÷^( df !& a6f cfof]hgfnfO{ /fli6«o uf}/jsf] ;"rLdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] lyof] eg] cf=a=@)&&÷&* sf] ah]6 jQmJodfkm{t dxfsfnL l;FrfO cfof]hgfnfO{ /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfdf ;dfj]z u/];Dd xfn g]kfndf /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] ;ª\Vof rf}la; k'u]sf] 5 . /fgLhd/f s'nl/of l;FrfO cfof]hgfM ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf /x]sf] s}nfnL lhNnfdf kg{] hfgsL ufpFkflnsf / 6Lsfk'/ gu/kflnsf;d]t u/L hDdf #*,#)) x]S6/ s[lifof]Uo e"lddf l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg] nIosf ;fy of] cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 . of] cfof]hgf cf=j=@)^&÷^* b]lv ;'? eO{ cf=j=@)*)÷*! df ;DkGg x'g] nIo lnOPsf] 5 . o;sf] s'n nfut ?=@& ca{ &) s/f]8 @$ nfv nfUg] cg'dfg 5 . of] cfof]hgf s[ifsx¿åf/f Jojl:yt g]kfns} ;a}eGbf 7'nf] l;FrfO k|0ffnL xf] . a'9Lu08sL hnljB't\ cfof]hgfM a'9Lu08sL hnfzoo'Qm hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0faf6 s'n !@)) d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg u/L d'n'ssf] cfly{s ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf nflu cfjZos ljB'tLo pmhf{ pknAw u/fpg] nIo lnOPsf] 5 . of] jfUdtL k|b]zdf /x]sf] wflbª / u08sL k|b]zdf /x]sf] uf]/vf lhNnfdf lgdf{0f x'Fb} 5 . cf=j= @)^(÷&) df ;'? eO{ cf=j= @)*#÷*$ df ;DkGg ug]{ nIo of] cfof]hgfsf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut ?= @ va{ ^) ca{ nfUg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . klZrd ;]tL hnljB't\ cfof]hgfM s'n nfut ?= @ va{ &# ca{ *% s/f]8 /xg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 of] klZrd ;]tL hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog If]q 8f]6L, 88]nw'/f, a}t8L / aemfª xf] . o;

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 24 cfof]hgfaf6 &%) d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug]{ cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . lrlgofF sDkgL y|L uh]{hn] ;g\ @)!# h'nfO{;Dddf ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg a'emfpg] ;Demf}tf ePsfdf xfn;Dd a'emfPsf] 5}g . cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog g} ;DkGg eO{g;s]sfn] o;sf] ef}lts tyf ljQLo k|ult k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cf=j= @)^&÷^* b]lv of] cfof]hgf ;'? eP klg slxn] ;DkGg x'g] eGg] ldlt tf]lsPsf] 5}g . uf}td a'4 cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynM n'lDagL k|b]zsf] ¿kGb]xL lhNnfdf cjl:yt df}h'bf uf}td a'4 ljdfg:ynsf] wfjgdfu{ -!%)) ld=×#) ld=_ nfO{ :t/f]Gglt u/L -#))) ld=×$% ld=_ sf] gofF wfjgdfu{, cGt/ f{li6«o ejg, Po/kf]6{ ck/];g, k|zf;lgs ejg, sG6«f]n 6fj/, clUg lgoGq0f tyf hLjgf]4f/ ejgnufot ;~rf/ tyf kyk|bz{s ;fdu|L h8fg ug]{ nIo /x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!% b]lv of] cfof]hgf ;'? ePsf] xf] . of] ;g\ @)@)÷@! df ;DkGg x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut ?= #) ca{ (! s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynM of] cfof]hgf u08sL k|b]zsf] sf:sL lhNnfdf /x]sf] kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsfdf kb{5 . ljut $) jif{b]lv clwu|x0f ul/Psf] hUufdf If]qLo cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f u/L ;~rfng ug]{ nIo /x]sf] 5 . cf=j= @)^$÷^% b]lv k|f/lDes sfo{ ;'? u/L cf=j= @)&#÷&$ b]lv lgdf{0f sfo{ ul/Psf] of] cfof]hgf ;g\ @)!& df g]kfn ;/sf/ / rLg ;/sf/lar C0f ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltb]lv $ jif{leq ;DkGg x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] lyof] . of] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 . kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn lj=;+= @)&( ;fn k'; !& ut]b]lv ;~rfngdf cfPsf] 5 . cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] s'n nfut cg'dfg ?= @!^) s/f]8 ul/Psf] lyof] . /]Nj] tyf d]6«f] ljsf; cfof]hgfM /]Nj] tyf d]6«f] ljsf; cfof]hgfn] k"j{ d]rLb]lv klZrd dxfsfnL;Dd s'n ($^ ls=ld= nfdf] /]n ;~hfn lgdf{0f Pjd\ ;~rfngsf] nIo lnPsf] 5 . To:t} sf7df8fF}+–jL/uGh /]ndfu{

25 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * / s]?ª–sf7df8fF}+–kf]v/f–n'lDagL /]ndfu{;d]t u/L ^ :yfgdf /]ndfu{ lgdf{0f ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] 5 . of] cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut xfn olsg ePsf] 5}g . k'iknfn dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{M g]kfnsf] k"j{klZrd x'Fb} dWokxf8sf a:tLdf oftfoftsf] ;xh kx'Fr lj:tf/ ug]{ nIo;lxt k"j{df kfFry/sf] lrof] eGHofªb]lv klZrddf a}t8L lhNnfsf] em'nf3f6;Dd s'n nDafO !*&( ls=ld= /x]sf] o; nf]sdfu{n] dWokxf8L If]qsf lhNnfnfO{ oftfoft ;~hfndf hf]8L cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, ko{6sLo / z}lIfs ljsf;df of]ubfg ug]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] dWo kxf8sf @^ lhNnfnfO{ hf]8\g] 5 . of] cfof]hgf cf=j= @)&(÷*) ;Dddf ;DkGg ug]{ nIo /x]sf] 5 eg] s'n nfut cg'dfg ah]6 ?= ! va{ ! ca{ %) s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . x'nfsL nf]sdfu{M o; x'nfsL nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgfn] k"j{df emfkf s]rgfb]lv klZrddf s~rgk'/ bf]wf/f rfFbgL;Ddsf] e"efunfO{ hf]8\g] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut cg'dfg sl/a ^% ca{ @) s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf ef/t ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg /sdaf6 o;df nfut a]xf]l/g] 5 . of] cfof]hgf cf=j= @)&(÷*) ;Dddf ;DkGg ug]{ nIo /x]sf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] cGTodf s'n !&(@=$@ ls=ld= sfnf]kq] ;8s / @!( cf]6f k'nsf] lgdf{0f x'g] cg'dfg 5 . d]nDrL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfM o; cfof]hgfn] sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf sl/a #) nfv hg;ª\VofnfO{ vfg]kfgL pknAw u/fpg] nIo lnPsf] 5 . l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] d]nDrLaf6 @^ ls=ld= ;'?ªdfkm{t klxnf] r/0fdf b}lgs !& s/f]8 ln6/ / bf];|f] r/0fdf ofË|L / nfs]{ gbLaf6 yk u/L hDdf %! s/f]8 ln6/ vfg]kfgL sf7df8f}F+df cfk"lt{ u/fpg] nIo o; cfof]hgfsf] /x]sf] 5 . klxnf] r/0f cf=j= @)%%÷%^ df ;'? eO{ cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ;DkGg ug]{ nIo /x]sfdf cf=j= @)&&÷&* df ;DkGg x'Fb} 5 . bf];|f] r/0f cf=j= @)*)÷*! df ;DkGg ug]{ nIo lnOPsf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] nfut cg'dfg ?= #!#^=!$ s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . sl7g zAbsf cy{ ¿kfGt/0f – csf{] ¿kdf n}hfg] sfd uf}/j – uxlsnf]kg klxrfg – lrgf/L kx'Fr – Ifdtf ;DefJotf – ;DefJo x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt nIo – ck]Iff ul/Psf] ljifo nfut – s'g} j:t' tof/ ug{ nfUg] vr{

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 26 lj|mofsnfk != tkfO{Fsf] k|b]zdf ;~rflnt /fli6«o uf}/j / k|b]z:t/Lo d'Vo d'Vo ljsf; cfof]hgfx¿ Vff]hL u/L ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ . @= tkfO{Fsf] k|]bzdf /x]sf d'Vo d'Vo ljsf; cfof]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt lrq tyf kf]:6/x¿ ;ª\sng u/L sIffsf]7fdf k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ . #= cfkm\gf] k|b]zdf jf cfkm" /x]sf] k|b]zdf ;~rflnt cfof]hgf jf sfo{j|mdsf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf af/]df lzIfs;Fu 5nkmn u/L lgisif{ lgsfNg'xf];\ . cEof; != /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf eg]sf] s] xf] < @= b]zsf] ljsf;df /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx¿sf] e"ldsfnfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . #= s:tf cfof]hgfnfO{ /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf elgG5 < $= tkfOF{sf] k|b]zdf ;~rflnt ljsf; cfof]hgfdWo] s'g} Psdf cfwfl/t eO{ ;dfrf/ tof/ kfg'{xf];\ . %= ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] ;~rfngaf6 xfdLnfO{ s] s:tf kmfObf x'G5g\, pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . ^= kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf ;DaGwdf lgDg a'Fbfx¿sf cfwf/df ljj/0f tof/ ug{'xf];\ . != cfof]hgfsf] gfd @= cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo #= cfof]hgfsf] ;]jf If]q $= cfof]hgfsf] ;xof]uL ;+:yf &= b]zdf ;~rflnt ljsf; cfof]hgfx¿ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;DkGg x'g g;sL b]zsf b'n{e ;|f]t;fwgx¿ v]/ uO/x]sf 5g\ . ljsf; cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf g} ;DkGg u/L ljsf;sf] k|ltkmn hgtfdf k'¥ofpg s] ug{'knf{ < *= lgDglnlvt a'Fbfsf cfwf/df dflyNnf] tfdfsf];L hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf af/]df k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg'{xf];\ . != cfof]hgfsf] gfd @= p2]Zo #= cfjZos ;fdu|L $= ;~rfng x'g] ldlt %= hgzlQm ^= nfut &= ;|f]t ;fd'bflos sfo{ tkfO{+sf] ;d'bfodf ;~rflnt s'g} Ps ;fgf] ljsf; cfof]hgf 5gf]6 ug'{xf];\ . pQm cfof]hgfsf ;DaGwdf tnsf pkzLif{sdf cfwfl/t eO{ Ps vfsf tof/ kfg'{xf];\ . != cfof]hgfsf] gfd @= p2]Zo #= cfjZos ;fdu|L $= ;~rfng x'g] ldlt %= hgzlQm ^= nfut

27 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * PsfO @ xfd|f] dfgj d"NodfGotf o; PsfOdf x'g] xfd|f l;sfOx¿ o; PsfOsf] cWoogkl5 tkfO{Fx¿ lgDg sfo{df ;Ifd x'g'x'g] 5 M • Gofo, zflGt / clx+;fsf] kl/kfng ug{, • g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs tyf wfld{s k/Dk/f tyf k|rngx¿sf] vf]hL u/L ;+/If0f sfo{df ;xefuL x'g, • ljljwtfdf Pstfsf ¿kdf g]kfnsf] kl/ro lbO{ ;fdflhs ;b\efj / ;lxi0f'tf sfod /fVg, • g]kfnsf] /fli6«o ;Dkbfx¿sf] klxrfg u/L ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g sfo{df ;xefuL x'g, • ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o k|]/s JolStTjx¿sf] vf]hL u/L ;Ddfg ug{ / pgLx¿sf] sfdaf6 k|]/0ff lng, • l;h{gzLntf / rl/q lgdf{0fdf :sfp6sf] e"ldsfsf] vf]hL tyf cEof; ug{ .

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 28 -/hgL / /ldnf cToGt ldNg] ;fyL x'g\ . pgLx¿ sIff * df cWoog u5{g\ . cfh pgLx¿ Gofo, zflGt / clx+;fsf] kfngfsf af/]df Pscsf{lar 5nkmn ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] u/]sf] 5nkmnsf s]xL c+z tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 ._ /hgLM /ldnf cfhsf] sIffdf u'?n] Gofo, zflGt / clx+;fsf] kfngfsf af/]df atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . of] Gofo eg]sf] s] /x]5 < /ldnfM ;'g /hgL, Gofo cª\u|]hL efiff Justice sf] g]kfnL ¿kfGt/0f xf] . of] sfg'g jf bfz{lgs l;4fGt xf] . Gofo ;dfhn] cfljisf/ u/]sf] ;Totfdf cfwfl/t x'G5 . Gofo Ps JolQmn] csf]{ JolQmnfO{ ug]{ ljj]s;Ddt Jojxf/ xf] . /hgLM clg ;fdflhs Gofo eg]sf] s] xf] lg < /ldnfM ;fdflhs Gofo eg]sf] ;dfhdf /x]sf] c;dfgtf x6fO{ ;dfgtf, :jtGqtf, cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf, clwsf/sf] k|flKt, ;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts Gofo, ;DklQ, ;|f]t;fwg, ;'ljwf, cj;/ / nfesf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0fdf ;dfg lx:;]bf/L, c+lzof/L Pj+ ;fem]bf/L k|fKt ug]{ cjwf/0ff Gofo xf] . /hgL M eg]kl5 ;fdflhs Gofo eg]sf] ;dfhdf ;DklQ, cj;/ / ;'ljwfsf nflu ;dfg kx'Fr k'Ug' xf], x}g t < /ldnfM l7s eGof}, ;fdflhs Gofon] pTkLl8t, pk]lIft jf k5fl8 k/]sf jf kfl/Psf JolQm jf ;d"xx¿nfO{ ;a} k|sf/sf ;fdflhs nfe jf cj;/ ;dfg ¿kdf k|bfg ub{5 . /hgLM /ldnf dfgl;s zflGt eg]sf] s] xf] lg < /ldnf M dgdf s'g} k|sf/sf] qf; / eo/lxt :j:y cj:yf cyf{t dgdf cfgGb x'g' g} dfgl;s zflGt xf] . /hgLM clg dfgl;s zflGt s;/L k|fKt x'G5 < /ldnfM x/]s JolStn] Pscsf{lardf å]if, snx, dgd'6fj, O{iof{, a]d]n h:tf efjgf g/fvL ;fd"lxs ¿kdf ldn]/ a;]sf] v08df dfgl;s zflGt k|fKt x'G5 . cfgGbdf /xg', /dfpg', c¿nfO{ afwf gk'¥ofO{ rfx]sf] s'/f k"/f ug{', Gofo kf7 !Gofo, zflGt / clx+;fsf] kfngf

29 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * kfpg', dfof / ddtf kfpg', cfk;df ;Ddfg ug{', cGofo, 8/, lx+;f, o'4 jf n8fOFsf] l:ylt gx'g', lx+;fsf] cjz]if g/xg', ;fdflhs Gofo ljBdfg /xg' cflb h:tf s'/faf6 dfgl;s zflGt k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . /hgLM lbuf] zflGt eg]sf] s] xf] < /ldnfM lbuf] zflGt eg]sf] eljiodf ;dfhsf JolStx¿lar c;dembf/L gx'g] cj:yf xf] . åGåsf sf/0fx¿nfO{ ;dod} klxrfg, Go"gLs/0f jf cGTo u/L zflGt sfod ug{' g} lbuf] zflGt xf] . lbuf] zflGtn] jt{dfgsf] Ifl0fs zflGtnfO{ dfq} ghgfO{ bL3{sfnLg zflGtnfO{ k|ltlalDat u5{ . /hgLM sIffdf lzIfsn] ;dfhdf /x]sf JolStx¿lar Pscfk;df k|efjsf/L tl/sfn] ;+jfb ug{], Pscsf{df ;dfg'e"lt efj /fVg], egfO / u/fOdf Ps¿ktf sfod ug{], cfkm"n] ug{ nfu]sf] sfdn] kfg{] c;/ jf k|efjsf] k"jf{g'dfg ug{], ;sf/fTds lrGtg /fVg], ;]jfefjnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/]df ;dfhdf zflGt :yfkgf ug{ ;lsG5 eGg'ePsf] lyof] . zflGtaf6 x'g] kmfObfx¿ s] s] x'g\ lg < /ldnfM zflGtaf6 x'g] kmfObfnfO{ lgDgfg';f/ eGg ;lsG5M != ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf sfo{n] tLj|tf kfpF5 . @= hgtf zflGtk"0f{ tj/af6 afFRg kfpF5g\ . #= /fli6«o Pstfsf] ljsf; x'G5 . $= ;fdflhs ;b\efjsf] ljsf; x'G5 . %= ;xsfo{ / ;xdltsf] ;+:sf/ a:5 . /hgLM clx+;f eg]sf] s] xf] M /ldnfM clx+;f eg]sf] s'g} klg k|f0fLnfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] xflg of gf]S;fgL gk'¥ofpg' xf] . dgdf s;}sf] clxt g;f]Rg', s;}nfO{ s6'jf0fL cflbåf/f gf]S;fg glbg' tyf sd{af6 ;d]t s'g} klg cj:yfdf gf]S;fgL gk'¥ofpg' xf] . kft~hn of]ubz{gdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ …dg, jrg / sd{n] s'g} klg k|f0fLnfO{ b'Mv gk'¥ofpg' clx+;f xf] . xfdLn] af]n]sf zAbsf sf/0f dflg;sf] dg 6'lqmg] cj:yf cfof] eg] xfdLn] af]n]sf] Tof] af]nL lx+;fsf] pbfx/0f x'g k'U5 . xfdLn] lx+;f ug{

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 30 xltof/ p7fpg}k5{ eGg] x'Fb}g . lx+;faf6 Iflt, ljgfz / cefj k}bf x'G5 To;}n] xfdLn] s;}nfO{ klg lx+;f ug'{ x'Fb}g, clx+;fsf] kfngf ug'{k5{ . /hgLM clx+;fsf] kfngf ubf{ s] kmfObf x'G5 /ldnf < /ldnfM ;'g /hgL, clx+;fsf] kfngf ubf{ dfgl;s zflGt x'G5 . lx+;f TofUg] JolQmdf bof, s?0ff / k|]d h:tf efjsf] ljsf; x'G5 . cfk;L j}dg:o / zq'tf ;dfKt eP/ hfG5 . s;}k|lt cfu|x / b'ef{jgf afFsL /xFb}g . /hgLM ;a} cfˆgf x'g\, sf]xL klg k/fO{ 5}gg\ eGg] d"Nodf clx+;f ljsl;t ePsf] x'G5 . hxfF k|]d x'G5, ToxfF clx+;f x'G5 eGg] s'/f t d}n] a'em]F clg clx+;f s;/L wf/0f ug{ ;lsG5 < /ldnfM nfdf] ;dosf] cEof; / nuftf/sf] lrGtgkl5 dfq} xfdLn] clx+;fsf] kfngf ug{ ;S5f}F . lx+;f ljif xf] eg] clx+;f cf]vtL xf] . xfd|f] hLjgsf nflu clx+;fsf] kfngf ug'{ cfjZos 5 . ;fdflhs ;b\efj, Pstf / k/:k/sf] ljZjf; ljsf; ug{ clx+;fsf] kfngf ug'{k5{ . /hgLM /ldnf tkfO{+n] Gofo, zflGt / clx+;fsf] kfngfsf af/]df w]/} s'/f atfpg'eof] . To;sf nflu tkfO{FnfO{ w]/} w]/} wGojfb . sl7g zAbsf cy{ Gofo – OG;fkm zflGt – ;'vb'Mv, xif{lj:dft\, l/; cflb dgf]efjn] glayf]lnPsf] dfgl;s l:ylt, zfGt jf l:y/ cj:yf clx+;f – sf6df/ gug{] sfd lx:;]bf/L – xs, lx:;f pk]lIft – pk]Iff ul/Psf], lt/:s[t å]if – dg gk/]sf] JolQmsf] clxt lrtfpg] k|j[lQ kft~hn – kt~hlnn] agfPsf] j}dg:o – zq'tf, b':dgL, j}/L lj|mofsnfk != zflGtsf] dxŒjsf af/]df ;"lSt, syf, uLt, sljtfjf pbfx/0f tof/ u/L sIffsf]7fdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ . @= u'undf uP/ dfgl;s zflGt;Fu ;DalGwt lel8of] vf]hL o;sf] cjwf/0ffsf af/]df sIffdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .

31 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * #= lx+;fsf] sf/0fn] ;dfhdf pTkGg ljs[ltx¿nfO{ pbfx/0f;lxt k|:6 kfg'{xf];\ . $= tkfO{F cfkm\gf glhssf ;fyLaf6 s:tf] af]nL, jrg / Jojxf/sf] ck]Iff /fVg'x'G5 < cfkm"n] ck]Iff /fv]sf af]nL, jrg / Jojxf/nfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . %= dflg;afx]s hLjhgfj/nfO{ klg dfof / ;+/If0f ug]{ pkfo pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . cEof; != Gofo eg]sf] s] xf] < @= Gofo / ;fdflhs Gofodf leGgtf b]vfpg'xf];\ . #= zfGt / ;+oldt Jojxf/ s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 < $= kl/jf/df pTkGg ljjfbnfO{ s;/L zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 < %= c¿sf] Oiof{ ug]{ / clxt ;f]Rg] afgL /fd|f] xf]Og, lsg < ;fd'bflos sfo{ tkfO{Fsf] ;d'bfodf /x]sf Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ e]6\g'xf];\ / pxfF;Fu zflGt / d]nldnfk ePsf] s'g} 36gfsf af/]df ;f]wvf]h u/L To;f] x'gsf sf/0faf/] 5nkmn u/L pQm 5nkmnsf] ;f/f+z sIffsf]7fdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 32 sIff * df cWoog ug{] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;d"xdf ljefhg u/L g]kfndf k|rlnt ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rngcGtu{t kg{] u'7L, e]hf, kd{, k}Frf], a83/, dfOhg / /f]wLsf af/]df 5nkmn u/fOPsf] lyof] . 5nkmnkl5 klxnf] ;d"xaf6 sf]lknf lu/Ln] u'7Lsf af/]df, bf];|f] ;d"xaf6 nIdL yfkfn] e]hfsf af/]df, t];|f] ;d"xaf6 k|sfz 1jfnLn] kd{sf af/]df, rf}yf] ;d"xaf6 v'Za' s7fotn] k}Frf]sf af/]df, kfFrf}F ;d"xaf6 xl/s[i0f clwsf/Ln] a83/sf af/]df, 5}6f}F ;d"xaf6 cflzif ljZjsdf{n] dfOhgsf af/]df / ;ftf}F ;d"xaf6 xs{ u'?ªn] /f]wLsf af/]df cfkm\gf ljrf/ o;/L JoSt ug'{eof] M sf]lknf lu/L–u'7LM u'?ju{ / d]/f ;xkf7L ;fyLx¿ . g]kfndf k|rlnt ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rngcGtu{t xfd|f] ;d"xnfO{ k/]sf] u'7Lsf af/]df d cfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] k|ltlglwTj u/L af]Nb} 5' . u'7L eg]sf] ;fdflhs k/f]ksf/L / ;f+:s[lts sfo{sf nflu bftfn] cfˆgf] xs 5f8L /flvlbPsf] ;DklQ xf] . of] b]jLb]jtfsf] k"hfcfhf, kj{, hfqf ;~rfng ug{ jf d7dlGb/, b]j:yn cflbsf] ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu lbOG5 . u'7L g]jf/ ;dbfodf k|rlnt dxŒjk"0f{ k/Dk/f xf] . lnR5ljsfnsf] uf]i7Laf6 g]kfndf u'7L k/Dk/fsf] ljsf; ePsf] kfOG5 . u'7Lsf d'Vo JolQmnfO{ ysfnL / u'7Ldf k|ltlglwTj ug{] 3/d"nLnfO{ u'l7of/ elgG5 . u'7Lof/x¿sf lardf sfdsf] afF8kmfF6 u/]/ ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f / wfld{s ;DklQsf] Joj:yfkg / /]vb]v ul/G5 . /fhu'7L / lghL u'7L u/L u'7L b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . u'7L ;+:yfgsf] :yfkgf x'g'k"j{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ;+:yfgdf xs / bfloTj ;g{ cfO{ ;+:yfgn] aGbf]a:t / ;~rfng u/]sf u'7L /fhu'7L x'g\ . /fhu'7L cdfgt u'7L / 5'6 u'7L u/L b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . u'7Lsf] ;Dk"0f{ cfo:tf u'7L sf]ifdf hDdf u/L vr{ klg ;f]xL sf]ifaf6 ljlgof]lht ah]6cg';f/ kf7 @g]kfndf k|rlnt ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rng

33 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * x'g] u'7LnfO{ cdfgt u'7L elgG5 eg] u'7Lsf] cfo:tf u'l7of/ cfkm+}n] p7fO{ lnvt tyf k/Dk/fadf]lhd u'7Lsf] k"hfcfhf, kj{, hfqf rnfO{ afFsL /x]sf] z]if /sd /fhu'7Ldf a'emfpg] jf u'l7of/ cfkm}Fn] vfg kfpg] u/L 5'6 kfPsf u'7LnfO{ 5'6 u'7L elgG5 . /fh u'7Lsf] nutdf btf{ gePsf / JolQm cfkmF}n] :yfkgf / ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf JolQmut jf kfl/jfl/s u'7LnfO{ lghL u'7L elgG5 . wGojfb Û nIdL yfkf–e]hfM u'?ju{ / d]/f ;xkf7L ;fyLx¿ . g]kfndf k|rlnt ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rngcGtu{t xfd|f] ;d"xnfO{ k/]sf] e]hfsf af/]df d cfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] k|ltlglwTj u/L af]Nb} 5' . e]hf du/ ;d'bfodf s'g} nIo k|fKt ug{] p2]Zon] :yflkt ;ª\ul7t ;+:yf xf] . of] du/ ;d'bfo ldn]/ hLjg lhpg] snf xf] . jif{el/ du/ ufpFdf /Lltlylt, ;+:sf/, d"No / dfGotf, ef/f–kd{, dfgfkfyL s] slt lng]—lbg] eGg] lg0f{o jif{sf] Ps jf b'O{ k6s e]hfdf ;+nUg ufpFsf ;b:ox¿ e]nf eP/ 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o ub{5g\ . ;d'bfosf jl/i7 JolQmnfO{ e]hfsf ;b:ox¿sf] a}+7sn] d'lvofsf ¿kdf 5gf]6 u5{g\ . du/ ;d'bfodf k|rlnt wfld{s, s[lif, cfly{s, ;fd'bflos Pstf / dgf]/~hg h:tf sfo{sf] Joj:yfkg, ;+/If0f, ;~rfng / lgoGq0f e]hfdfkm{t x'G5 . e]hfn] u/]sf] lg0f{o du/ ;d'bfodf sfg'gs} ¿kdf nfu' x'G5 . lgod pNnª\3g u/]df e]hfsf] a}+7saf6 p;nfO{ cfˆgf] u'7Ldf ;+nUg gug]{, kd{ ghfg] / kfgL afg]{;Ddsf] s7f]/ lg0f{o lnOG5 . wGojfb Û k|sfz 1jfnL–kd{M u'?ju{ / d]/f ;xkf7L ;fyLx¿ . g]kfndf k|rlnt ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rngcGtu{t xfd|f] ;d"xnfO{ k/]sf] kd{sf af/]df d cfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] k|ltlglwTj u/L af]Nb} 5' . v]taf/Ldf cfnf]kfnf] u/]/ sfd ug{] k/Dk/fnfO{ kd{ elgG5 . kd{df ls;fgx¿n] ;d"x agfpg] / kfn}kfnf] ;a}sf] v]tL nufpg] ub{5g\ . o;/L ;d"xdf sfd ubf{ uLt ufpg], dfbn ahfpg] ub{} v]taf/Ldf sfd ul/G5 . o;/L sfd ubf{ ls;fgx¿ b'O{b]lv tLg ;d"xdf afFl8P/ sfd ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . Pp6f ;d"xdf !) b]lv ^) hgf;Dd x'G5g\ . Ps lbg Ps hgfsf] d]nf ;s]kl5 csf]{ lbg csf{sf] d]nfdf ;xof]u ug]{ of] k/Dk/f ;of}F jif{ k'/fgf] xf] . xfd|f] ;dfhdf sf]bf] /f]Kg], uf]8\g], l6Kg] dfq} geP/ wfg /f]Kbf klg kd{ nufpg] rng 5 . ljutdf kd]{nL uLtsf] ;d]t rng lyof] t/ cfhef]ln x/fpFb} uPsf] 5 . o;sf] ;+/If0f ug{] xfdL ;a}sf] bfloTj xf] . wGojfb Û

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 34 v'Za' s7fot–k}Frf]M u'?ju{ / d]/f ;xkf7L ;fyLx¿ . g]kfndf k|rlnt ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rngcGtu{t xfd|f] ;d"xnfO{ k/]sf] k}Frf]sf af/]df d cfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] k|ltlglwTj u/L af]Nb}] 5' . vfFrf] k/]sf a]nfdf jf ;s]sf a]nfdf lkmtf{ ug{] u/L ;fyLefO, 5/l5d]s jf sf]xLs;}af6 s'g} j:t', wg, dfn lng] sfo{nfO{ k}Frf] elgG5 . of] g]kfnL ;dfhdf k|frLgsfnb]lv g} rNb} cfPsf] k/Dk/f xf] . o;af6 tTsfnsf] ;dodf vfFrf] 65{ eg] Pscfk;df ;xof]usf] efjgfdf klg j[l4 x'G5 . wGojfb Û xl/s[i0f clwsf/L–a83/M u'?ju{ / d]/f ;xkf7L ;fyLx¿ . g]kfndf k|rlnt ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rngcGtu{t xfd|f] ;d"xnfO{ k/]sf] a83/sf af/]df d cfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] k|ltlglwTj u/L af]Nb} 5' . k|frLgsfnb]lv yf¿ ;d'bfodf rlncfPsf k|yfnfO{ a83/ k|yf elgG5 . of] zAbn] yf¿ ;d'bfosf] ufpF jf ;d'bfosf] k|d'v JolQmnfO{ hgfpF5 . of] k|yf cflbjf;L yf¿ ;d'bfosf] cfˆg} ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fdWo]sf] Ps xf] . s'g} a]nf a83/nfO{ ufpFsf GofofwLz elgGYof] . p;sf] lg0f{o clGtd x'GYof] . ufpFel/sf afl;Gbfn] xft p7fP/ k|ToIf dtbfgdfkm{t df3 dlxgfdf a83/sf] 5gf]6 u5{g\ . sfg'gn] dfGotf glbP klg ufpFsf] ljsf; / em}emu8f ldnfpg] clwsf/ a83/n] kfpF5 . a83/n] ufpFsf] ljsf;sf of]hgfdf >dbfg u/fpg], s'nf]–vfg]kfgLsf] lgdf{0f, b]jLb]ptfsf k"hf / ufpFdf x'g] ;fdfGo ljjfb ;dfwfgsf nflu cu'jfO ug]{ clwsf/ kfpF5 . o;n] ufpF jf ;d'bfodf Pstf sfod u/fpg, hGd, d[To' h:tf ;+:sf/ ;DkGg u/fpg / ;fdflhs lgodsf] kfngf u/fpg dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]N5 . wGojfb Û cflzif ljZjsdf{–dfOhgM u'?ju{ / d]/f ;xkf7L ;fyLx¿ . g]kfndf k|rlnt ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rngcGtu{t xfd|f] ;d"xnfO{ k/]sf] dfOhgsf af/]df d cfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] k|ltlglwTj u/L af]Nb} 5' . dw]; ;d'bfodf hfthflt ;d"xaf6 rog ul/Psf] d'Vo JolQm jf hfltsf] cu'jfnfO{ dfOhg elgG5 . dfOhgn] ;w];df /x]sf] hftLo ljs[ltsf] cGTo ug{ dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u5{ . dfOhg dw]; ;d'bfodf k|rlnt ;fdflhs k/Dk/f xf] . o;n] ;dfhdf /x]sf cGwljZjf;, s'/Lltsf] cGTosf nflu dxŒjk"0f{ sfd ug'{sf ;fy} afnljjfx, bfOhf] k|yf, af]S;L k|yf / o;n] ;dfhdf kf/]sf] gsf/fTds k|efjnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]N5 . wGojfb Û

35 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * xs{ u'?ª–/f]wLM u'?ju{ / d]/f ;xkf7L ;fyLx¿ . g]kfndf k|rlnt ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rngcGtu{t xfd|f] ;d"xnfO{ k/]sf] /f]wLsf af/]df d cfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] k|ltlglwTj u/L af]Nb} 5' . /f]wL u'?ª ;d'bfodf k|rlnt /fdflhs k/Dk/f xf] . /f]wL dgf]/~hgsf] dfWod xf] . /f]wLdf o'jfo'jtLx¿ /f]wL3/df hDdf eP/ gfrufg u5{g\ . /f]wLdf 3/d"nLsf] lgb{]zgdf s] ufpg] / s;/L ufpg] eGg] s'/fsf] lg0f{o x'G5 . o;af6 u'?ª ;d'bfodf /x]sf] cfk;L ;DaGw emg\ alnof] x'G5 . /f]wL3/df o'jfo'jtL gfrufg u/]/ kms{g] a]nf ef]lnsf lbgdf sxfF / s:tf] sfd ug{] eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o ul/G5 . o;/L ul/Psf] lg0f{o ;a}nfO{ nfu' x'G5 . wGojfb Û g]kfndf km/s–km/s hfthflt, efiffefifL af]Ng] dflg; tyf k[ys\ wd{ dfGg] dflg;x¿sf cfcfkm\g} k|sf/sf ;+:s[lt 5g\ . pgLx¿sf leGbfleGb} njfOvjfO, /xg;xg, rf8kj{, hfqf, d]nf tyf k/Dk/f 5g\ h;sf sf/0fn] ubf{ g]kfndf k|rlnt ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rngx¿ klg leGg 5g\ . ;a}vfn] ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rngx¿sf Psn] csf]{sf] ;Ddfg ug]{ / Ps–csf{sf] ;df/f]xdf ;xeflutf hgfpg] k|rng 5 . ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rngx¿sf] dxŒjM -s_ ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rngx¿af6 g]kfnL ;+:s[ltsf] /Iff x'G5 . -v_ ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rngx¿af6 Oltxf;nfO{ lhpFbf] /fVg ;lsG5 . -u_ k|To]s hfltsf] klxrfgnfO{ hf]ufpg ;lsG5 . -3_ ;fdflhs Pstfdf ;xof]u u5{ . -ª_ ;fdflhs k|rngx¿n] hLjgdf v';L, cfgGb / e]63f6 u/fpF5 . -r_ JolQmnfO{ cg'zfl;t / dof{lbt agfpF5 . -5_ ko{6g Joj;fodf ;xof]u k'ofpF5 . -h_ b]zsf] dfg k|lti7f / OHht a9fpF5 . -em_ JolQmn] /f]huf/sf cj;/ klg k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\ . sl7g zAbsf cy{ b]j:yn – b]jtfx¿ /xg] 7fpF z]if – afFsL /x]sf] kfgL afg]{ – af]nrfn, n]gb]g gx'g] vfFrf] – cfjZos s'/f gePsf] cj:yf GofofwLz – cbfnt jf Gofofnosf] k|d'v JolQm cu'jf – s'g} sfddf cl3 ;g{], af6f] b]vfpg], dfu{bz{s klxrfg – lrgf/L

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 36 lj|mofsnfk != g]kfnsf ljleGg ;d'bfodf k|rlnt ;fdflhs k|rngsf] ;"rL tof/ kfg{'xf];\ . @= g]kfndf k|rlnt ;fdflhs k|rng / k/Dk/fx¿sf] rf6{ tkf/ u/L sIffdf k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ . #= ;fdflhs k|rng / k/Dk/fsf] dxŒjnfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . $= tnsf] ;dfrf/sf] cWoog u/L pQm ;dfrf/df cfwfl/t /xL ;+jfb tof/ kfg'{xf];\ . dfOhgx¿n] afn ljjfxnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{] uds kf]:6 ;'/]z /fo÷l;/xf, % ebf} . l;/xfsf wfld{s u'?, hftLo hjf/, dfOhg -cu'jf_ x¿n] afn ljjfx Go"gLs/0f ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfPsf 5g\ . l;/xfsf] ldr}{of gu/kflnsf !) ldyn]Zj/df blnt ljsf; d~råf/f cfof]lht afn ljjfxlj?4sf] P]g–sfg'gaf/] cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmddf pkl:yt hftLo cu'jfx¿n] afn ljjfxsf sf/0f x'g] ;d:of yfxf kfPkl5 Go"gLs/0fsf nflu k|lta4tf hgfPsf x'g\ . /fHon] @) jif{cl3sf ljjfxnfO{ afn ljjfx eg] klg cem} To:tf] ljjfx x'g] u/]sf] kl08t ;d'bfosf dfOhg nId0f kl08tn] :jLsf/ u/] . pgn] ljz]if u/L 5f]/Lx¿sf] cTolws ljjfx !^–!* jif{sf] lardf x'g] atfpFb} ca o:tf ljjfxnfO{ lg?T;flxt ul/g] hgfP . …xfdLnfO{ ljjfxsf] 6'ª\uf] nufpg] a]nfdf ;dfhn] hfgsf/L u/fpF5, ca pk/fGt @) jif{ d'lgsfx¿sf] ljjfxsf] s'/f rn] xfdL To;nfO{ lg?T;flxt u5f}{+ .Ú dw];df clzIff, s'k|yfsf sf/0f afn ljjfx x'g] u/]sf] dxtf] ;d'bfosf dfOhg /fdgf/fo0f dxtf]n] atfP . pgn] eg], …oxfF cfh klg lzIffsf] cj:yf sdhf]/ 5 . clzIffs} sf/0f dw];df afn ljjfx eO/x]sf] 5 . afn ljjfx /f]Sg lzIffdf ;'wf/ Nofpg h?/L 5 .Ú %= ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rng ;+:s[lt ;+/If0fsf cfwf/ x'g\ eGg] zLif{sdf cfwfl/t eO{ sIffdf jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng ug'{xf];\ .

37 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * cEof; != e]hf k/Dk/fsf] 5f]6s/Ldf j0f{g ug'{xf];\ . @= a83/ k/Dk/fsf] ljz]iftf pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . #= /f]wL k|yfnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ s] s] ug{'knf{ < $= e]hf, a83/, /f]wL / u'7Llarsf ;dfgtf / leGgtfx¿ pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . %= g]kfndf k|rlnt ;fdflhs k|rngx¿sf] dxŒjdfly k|sfz kfg'{xf];\ . ;fd'bflos sfo{ != tkfO{Fsf] ;d'bfodf k|rlnt ;fdflhs k|rngx¿sf] ;ª\sng u/L pQm k|rngsf af/]df s]lGb|t /x]/ ;fyLx¿lardf ;+jfb ug'{xf];\ . @= tkfO{Fsf] ;d'bfodf /x]sf ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / k|rngx¿sf] vf]hL u/L ltgsf] ;+/If0fsf pkfoaf/] ;d'bfodf 5nkmn u/L k|fKt lgisif{x¿ sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 38 lglZrt If]qleq a;f]af; ug{] JolStx¿sf] ;d"xnfO{ ;dfh elgG5 . ;fdflhs ;+:sf/ eg]sf] ;dfhnfO{ lrgfpg] k|d'v cfwf/ xf] . x/]s b]zsf cfcfkm\gf wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts tyf ;fdflhs k/Dk/f x'G5g\ / g]kfnsf klg 5g\ . o;/L /x]sf k/Dk/fdf cfwfl/t /Lltl:ylt, d"No / dfGotf klg x/]s b]zdf km/s km/s x'G5g\ . xfdL g]kfnLsf klg cfkm\g} vfnsf ;fdflhs d"NodfGotf, /Lltl:ylt / ;+:sf/ 5g\ . o;}Dff cfwfl/t eP/ xfdL ljleGg wd{ dfG5f}F . xfdLn] dflgcfPsf wfld{s lqmofsnfk leGgfleGg} 5g\ . o:tf lqmofsnfk xfd|f] ;dfhsf ;+:sf/ x'g\ . ;+:s[ltnfO{ ;+:sf/n] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] x'G5 . hGd, ljjfx, d[To'nufot ljleGg sfo{df leGg ;+:sf/ / k/Dk/fn] x/]s ;dfhsf] ljz]iftf emNsfpF5 . hGdg' cl3b]lv d[To'kZrft\;Dd ul/g] ;+:sf/df ljljwtf kfOG5 . d"ntM hGd ;+:sf/, afNosfnsf ;+:sf/, z}lIfs ;+:sf/, ljjfx ;+:sf/, d[To' ;+:sf/ cflb xfd|f ;+:s[ltsf k|d'v kIf x'g\ . cfcfkm\gf] wd{cg';f/sf ;+:sf/ dfGg] / csf{sf] wd{cg';f/sf] ;+:sf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{] xf] eg] xfd|f ;fdflhs ;+:sf/x¿sf] ;+/If0f x'G5 . xfd|f] b]zsf] ;+ljwfgn] æk|To]s JolStnfO{ k|rlnt ;fdflhs Pjd\ ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/fsf] dof{bf /fvL k/fk"j{b]lv rlncfPsf] cfkm\gf] wd{sf] cjnDag, cEof; / ;/+If0f ug{] xs x'g] 5 t/ s;}n] s;}sf] wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg kfpg] 5}g / Pscsf{sf] wd{df vnn kfg{] u/L s'g} sfd, Jojxf/ ug{ kfOg] 5}g . k|To]s wfld{s ;Dk|bfonfO{ sfgg'adf]lhd cfkm\gf] :jtGq cl:tTj sfod /fvL cfkm\gf] wfld{s :yn / wfld{s u'7Lsf] ;~rfng / ;+/If0f ug{] xs x'g] 5 .Æ eg]/ ;fdflhs ;+:sf/sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu sfg'gL Joj:yf u/]sf sf/0fn] klg xfdLn] xfd|f ;+:sf/sf] ;+/If0f ug'{ xfd|f] st{Jo xf] . g]kfndf k|rlnt k|d'v wd{ / wfld{s lqmofsnfkx¿M -s_ lxGb' wd{ – ljZjsf] ;aeGbf k|frLg / k'/fgf] wd{ lxGb' wd{ xf] . o; wd{n] b]jLb]jtfdf cufw cf:yf /fV5 . a|x\df, lji0f', dxfb]jnfO{ lxGb' wd{n] k|d'v lqb]j dfg] klg t]lQ;sf]6L b]jLb]jtfsf] :j¿knfO{ :jLsf/ u5{ . o; wd{sf ;+:yfks tyf k|rf/ssf ¿kdf zª\s/frfo{nfO{ lnOG5 . o; wd{sf wd{u|Gy y'k}| 5g\ . tLdWo] rf/ j]b, rf/ pkj]b, c7f/ k'/f0f, c7f/ pkk'/f0f, dxfef/t, /fdfo0f, pklgifb\, uLtf #g]kfndf k|rlnt ;fdflhs tyf wfld{s lj|mofsnfk kf7

39 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * d'Vo u|Gy x'g\ . lxGb' wd{df d"lt{ k"hfsf] rng 5 . o; wd{df dlGb/df uO{ cla/, cIftfkftL, km"nn] k"hf u/L g}j]B vfg] / aln r9fpg] k|rng 5 . -v_ af}4 wd{ M g]kfnsf] n'lDagLdf hlGdPsf l;4fy{ uf}td cyjf uf}td a'4n] 1fg k|fKt u/L k|rf/k|;f/ u/]sf] wd{ af}4 wd{ xf] . of] wd{n] clx+;fnfO{ d'Vo hf]8 lbG5 . g]kfndf lxGb' wd{kl5 w]/} hgtfn] dfGg] bf];|f] wd{ af}4 wd{ xf] . af}4dfuL{x¿n] ljxf/, d7 tyf :t"kdf uO{ k|fy{gf tyf Wofg ub{5g\ . -u_ O:nfd -d';ndfg_ wd{M O:nfd wd{sf ;+:yfks k}uDa/ df]xDdb x'g\ . pgL ;fpbL c/asf] dSsfdf ;g\ %&) df hlGdPsf lyP . pgL cfkm"nfO{ eujfg\sf] ;Gb]zjfxs dfGy] . O:nfd wd{ dfGg]x¿n] d"lt{ k"hf ub}{gg\ . lbgsf] % k6s gdfh -k|fy{gf_ k9\5g\ . O:nfd wd{sf] k|d'v wfld{s u|Gy s'/fg xf] . logLx¿sf] k|fy{gf :ynnfO{ dl:hb elgG5 . of] wd{nfO{ s§/kGyL wd{sf ¿kdf lnOG5 . Ps dlxgf;Dd lbge/ ef]s} a;]/ /f]hfj|t u5{g\ . logLx¿nfO{ jif{sf] Ps k6s rNg] xhofqf -dSsfb]lv dlbgf;Ddsf] tLy{ofqf_ clt dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . -3_ O;fO -lqmlZrog_ wd{M O;fO wd{sf k|jt{s lh;; qmfO:6 x'g\ . pgL Oh/fonsf] h]?;]nddf hGd]sf lyP . bofn' / ;f+;fl/s b'Mvk|lt lrlGtt ePsfn] hgtflar nf]slk|o lyP . To;sf] O{iof{n] zf;sju{n] pgnfO{ b]zb|f]xsf] d'2f nufO{ d[To'b08sf] ;hfo lbP . of] wd{sf] k|d'v wfld{s u|Gy afOan xf] . logLx¿ luhf{3/ -rr{_ df uP/ k|fy{gf ub{5g\ . of] wd{n] nf]e gug'{nfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . -ª_ kmf/;L wd{M kmf/;L wd{sf k|jt{s dxfTdf hf]/f:6/ -h'/y|;_ x'g\ . o; wd{sf] k|d'v wfld{s u|Gy h]Gbfd]:6f xf] . kmf/;L wd{sf dflg;x¿sf] d[To' ePdf nf;nfO{ v'nf 7fpFdf 5f]l8G5 / lrnnfO{ vfg lbOG5 . kmf/;L wd{sf] k"hf :ynnfO{ clUg dlGb/ elgG5 . -r_ h}g wd{M g]kfndf h}g wd{sf] cl:tTj k|frLgsfnb]lv g} ePsf] kfOG5 . eujfg\ lji0f'sf @$ cjtf/dWo] * cf}F cjtf/ tLy{s/ eujfg\ cyf{t dxfjL/ h}g o; wd{sf k|jt{s x'g\ . o; wd{sf] k"hf :ynnfO{ clUg dlGb/ elgG5 . h}g wd{sf] wfld{s u|GynfO{ jrgfd[t elgG5 . clx+;f, kljqtf / ;Rrl/qtfnfO{ h}g wd{n] ljz]if hf]8 lbG5 . o; wd{n] hflt k|yf / o1 tyf aln k|yfsf] lj/f]w u5{ . -5_ ox'bL wd{ M ox'bL wd{sf kj{ts xh/t d';f x'g\ . o; wd{sf] wfld{s u|GynfO{ sf}jfnf elgG5 . ox'bL wd{sf] wfld{s :ynnfO{ clUg dlGb/ elgG5 . of] wd{n] k|]d,

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 40 bof, Gofo, ;Tsf/, k/f]ksf/, bLgb'MvL / czQmnfO{ ;]jf / O{Zj/k|lt cf:tfjfg\ x'g k|]/0ff lbG5 eGg] dfGotf ox'bL wd{df cf:yf /fVg]x¿ ljZjf; u5{g\ . sl7g zAbsf cy{ ljljwtf – cg]stf ;+/If0f – /]vb]v ug{] sfd, x]/ljrf/ xs – clwsf/, clwsf/ ePsf] j:t' cl:tTj – s'g} j:t' x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf lqb]j – tLg b]jtf -a|x\df, lji0f' / dx]Zj/_ O{iof{ – csf{sf] algagfp jf ;d[l4 b]v]/ dgdf pAhg] 8fx dxfTdf – dxfg\ cfTdf ePsf] JolQm, ;fw';Gt, dxfk'?if o1 – b]jLb]jtfx¿sf] k|;Ggtfsf nflu b}ljs ljlwn] ul/g] xjg lj|mofsnfk != cfkm\gf] ;d'bfodf k|rlnt ;fdflhs tyf wfld{s k/Dk/f ;DaGwdf tkfO{Fn] k|fKt u/]sf] cg'ejnfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf n]Vg'xf];\ . @= g]kfndf k|rlnt wfld{s k/Dk/f;Fu ;DalGwt lrq, rf6{, lel8of] ;ª\sng u/L sIffsf]7fdf k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ . #= g]kfndf k|rlnt ;fdflhs tyf wfld{s k/Dk/f;Fu ;DalGwt glhssf wfld{s :ynsf] cjnf]sg u/L pQm :ynsf] dxŒjnfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . cEof; != lxGb' wd{sf ;+:sf/x¿nfO{ tflnsfdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . @= tkfOFn] dfGg] wd{cg';f/ dgfOg] rf8x¿Dff ul/g] lj|mofsnfk n]Vg'xf];\ . ;fd'bflos sfo{ tkfO{+sf] ;d'bfodf uj{ ug{ nfos s'g} Ps dxŒjk"0f{ P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s jf ;f+:s[lts If]q xf]nf . To;sf] vf]hL u/L tnsf pkzLif{sx¿sf] ;xfotfn] Ps k|ltj]bg n]Vg'xf];\ . -s_ wfld{s :ynsf] gfd / kl/ro -v_ e|d0fsf] p2]Zo -u_ cWoogsf] ljlw -3_ kQf nufPsf s'/fx¿ -ª_ lgisif{ / ;'emfj

41 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * k];f tyf sfdsf cfwf/df k|frLgsfndf ljefhg ul/Psf] dflg;sf] ;d"xnfO{ hfthflt elGg5 . g]kfndf dflg;x¿nfO{ hfthfltdf 5'6\ofpg] sfdsf] ;'?jft hol:ylt dNnn] u/]sf lyP . pgn] k];f tyf ;DkGg ug]{ sfo{sf cfwf/df g]kfnLnfO{ $ j0f{ / #^ hftdf ljefhg u/]sf lyP . g]kfn Ps ax'hftLo d'n's xf] . oxfF d'Vo u/L afx'g, IfqL, g]jf/, /fO{, lnDa", u'?ª, du/, z]kf{, yf¿, tfdfªnufotsf hfthflt /x]sf 5g\ . ;a} hfthflt ldn]/ Pscfk;df ;f}xfb{k"0f{ jftfj/0fdf a;]sfn] g]kfndf hftLo ;b\efj sfod /x]sf] 5 . ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx¿, g]kfndf /x]sf ljleGg hfthfltdWo] s]xL hfthfltsf af/]df xfdL rrf{ u/f}FM afx'g÷IfqL g]kfndf hg;+ª\Vofsf lx;fadf ;a}eGbf w]/} hg;+ª\Vof ePsf afx'gIfqLx¿ k|hftLo lx;fan] ss]l;og d"nsf dflgG5g\ . hg} wf/0f ug]{ x'Fbf logLx¿nfO{ tfufwf/L klg elgG5 . afx'gIfqLx¿ b]zsf ljleGg lhNnfdf 5l/P/ /x]sf 5g\ . afx'g k'/]TofOF jf sd{sf08 ug{], Hof]ltif x]g]{, v]tLkftL / ;/sf/L gf]s/Ldf a9L ;+nUg x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 eg] w]/}h;f] IfqLx¿ Vf]tLkftL / ;]gfk|x/Ldf nfu]sf] e]l6G5 . afx'gIfqLx¿ lxGb' wd{ / ;+:s[lt dfGg], hg}k"l0f{df, lth, b;}F, ltxf/ k|d'v rf8kj{ dgfpg] u5{g\ . logLx¿sf] ;+:sf/df j|taGw u/L 5f]/fnfO{ dGq / hg} lbOG5 eg] aRrf hGd]sf] !! cf}F lbgdf Gjf/g ug{] rng 5 . afx'gIfqLx¿sf 3/df h'7f] k/]df !# lbgsf lbg h'7f] pDsg] ul/G5 . x/]s jif{ d/]sf] ltly / ;f]x|>f4df lkt[nfO{ tk{0f / lk08 bfg ug]{ afx'gIfqLsf] hfltut k/Dk/f 5 . pd]/ k'u]kl5 5f]/LnfO{ ljjfx u/L k7fpg] rng afx'gIf]qLdf /x]sf] 5 . g]jf/ sf7df8f}F / pkTosfaflx/sf k|d'v Jofkfl/s s]G›df a;f]af; ug]{ g]jf/nfO{ cflbjf;L hghfltleq u0fgf ul/G5 . g]jf/x¿ ;f+:s[lts ;+Dkbfdf wgL /x]sf 5g\ . logLx¿n] bz}, ltxf/, gfuk~rdL h:tf rf8 dfGg] ub{5g\ . lj:s]6 hfqf, u7]dª\un, ufOhfqf, kf7 $g]kfndf k|rlnt hfltut k/Dk/f / ;+:sf/

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 42 OGb|hfqf, 3f]8]hfqf, s'df/L k"hf h:tf hfqfsf] logLx¿n] cfof]hgf ub{5g\ . ljjfx k"j{ 5f]/Lx¿n] clgjfo{ a]n ljjfx -OxL_ ug'{ kg]{ / u"Ktjf; j:g'kg]{, ef]hdf df5fdf;', u]8fu'8L, kmnkm'n, dBkfg h:t w]/} kl/sf/x¿ cfjZos kg]{ g]jf/x¿ lxGb" tyf af}4wd{ cjnDag ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . g]jf/x¿df wfld{s ;lxi0f'tf /x]sf] kfOG5 . g]jf/x¿n] gfrufg / ef]het]/df 7'nf wg/fzL vr{ ub{5g\ . du/ du/ hflt g]kfnsf] cflbjf;L hghflt xf] . kxf8L If]qsf kfNkf, kj{t, u'NdL, ?s'd, /f]Nkf, 8f]Nkf du/x¿sf] d'Vo af;:yfg xf] . du/x¿ af}4 / lxGb' wd{ dfGg]x¿ 5g\ . dfuL ljjfx / k|]d ljjfxsf] k|rng du/ hfltdf /x]sf] 5 . sf}/f, df?gL, 3f6', ;f]/7L gfr du/ hfltdf k|rngdf /x]sf gfr x'g\ . nf;nfO{ hnfpg] rng du/x¿df /x]sf] 5 . s[lif, kz'kfng, vfgL vGg], x:tsnfsf ;fy} ;]gfnufot j}b]lzs /f]huf/L o; hfltsf d'Vo k];f x'g\ . yf¿ yf¿ hflt g]kfnsf] cflbjf;L hghfltdWo] Ps xf] . yf¿sf] dft[efiff ef/f]k]nL kl/jf/df kb{5 . logLx¿sf] cflbde"ld g]kfnsf] lzjflns z[ª\vnf tyf t/fO{ If]q xf] . k"j{ d]rLb]lv klZrd dxfsfnL;Dd t/fO{sf @) lhNnfdf yf¿sf] afx'No 5 . logLx¿sf] d'Vo k];f s[lif xf] . yf¿x¿ cfkm"nfO{ k|s[ltk"hs / af}4wdf{jnDaL dfGb5g\ . yf¿x¿n] k|d'v ¿kdf df3L, xf]nL, s[i0ffi6dL h:tf rf8 dgfpg] ub{5g\ . em'd/f, h6hl6g, t/af/], n6\7L gfr gfRg] rng logLx¿df 5 . dfuL ljjfx / k|]d ljjfx k|rngdf /x]sf 5g\ . u'?ª g]kfnsf] cflbjf;L hghfltleq kg]{ u'?ª -td"_ hflt b]zleq / aflx/ 5l/P/ /x]sf] kfOP klg logLx¿ u08sL If]qsf sf:sL, ndh'ª, uf]/vf / dgfªsf /}yfg] x'g\ . logLx¿sf] k'Vof}{nL k];f kz'kfng / s[lif xf] . xfn logLx¿ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ;]gf, Jofkf/ / ;/sf/L ;]jfdf klg ;+nUg 5g\ . logLx¿ td" efiff af]N5g\ . /f]wL, 3f6', ;f]/7L h:tf g[To u'?ª hfltdf k|rlnt g[To x'g\ . lxGb' / af}4 wd{ dfGg] o; ;d'bfodf k|]dljjfx a9L k|rngdf /x]sf] e]l6G5 . d[To'kl5 nf;nfO{ ljz]if ;fh;Hhfsf ;fy nu]/ hnfpg] k|rng u'?ªx¿df /x]sf] 5 . z]kf{ z]kf{ hfltsf] cflbynf] ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfsf] pQ/L If]q dflgG5 . z]kf{x¿ b]zsf ljleGg lxdfnL lhNnfdf 5l/P/ /x]sf 5g\ . logLx¿ kz'kfng / v]tLkftL ub{5g\ . logLx¿ af}4wd{sf] dxfofg ;Dk|bfoL x'g\ eg] logLx¿sf] efiff ef]6–ad]{nL kl/jf/leq kb{5 .

43 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * Nxf];f/, 8'DhL, kmfª8L Nxf]K;f], ofHof{ª, sª;'/, 9'skf 5]Ro", ªo'ªg], 5]Ro" logLx¿sf k|d'v rf8 x'g\ . ljutdf ax'kltk|yf, ljwjf ljjfx h:tf] rng /x]sf] eP klg xfn dfuL ljjfx / k|]d ljjfx;d]t of] hfltdf x'g] ub{5 . ysfnL M ysfnLx¿sf] d"n ynf] d':tfª lhNnfsf] yfs vf]nf xf] . ysfnLx¿ Jofkf/ Joj;fodf lgs} k|Voft 5g . Jofkf/sf cltl/St j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ysfnLx¿sf] cfosf] ;|f]t xf] . ysfnLx¿n] af]Ng] efiff ltAatL ef]6ad{]nL efiff kl/jf/sf] xf] . ysfnLx¿ af]Gkf] / a'4 wd{ dfGb5g\ . ysfnLx¿n] Nxf km]jf d'Vo kj{sf ¿kdf dgfpg] ub{5g\ . logLx¿ kmfu'g dlxgfsf] k"l0f{dfsf a]nf tf]/Gnx kj{ dgfpg] ub{5g\ . /fO{ /fO{x¿ cflbjf;L ls/fFt j+zsf x'g\, h;nfO{ vDa" klg elgG5 . g]kfnsf] ;f]n'v'Da', cf]vn9'ª\uf, vf]6fª, ef]hk'/, ;ª\v'jf;ef, wgs'6f, Onfd / pbok'/ /fO{x¿sf] d'Vo a;f]af; If]q xf] . logLx¿ 9'ª\uf, df6f] / sf7n] agfPsf] tyf v/n] 5fPsf] 3/df a:5g\ . logLx¿ d'Votof wfg, sf]bf], cn}FrL v]tL, kz'kfng tyf sfuh agfpg] Joj;fo ub{5g\ . s';'G8f M of] hflt klZrd g]kfnsf] /fKtL c~rnsf ;Nofg, Ko"7fg, bfª / e]/L c~rnsf] b}n]v lhNnfsf] hª\unL If]qdf a;f]af; ug{] u5{ . nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf] ;"rLdf ;"rLs[t of] hfltsf] hLjgz}nL r]kfªsf] h:tf] 5 . klxn] hª\unL sGbd"n, l/¶f, lu¶f, ;fukft, kmnk"mn vfg] of] hflt xfn kz'kfng / s[lif k];fdf ;+nUg /x]sf] kfOG5 . logLx¿ lxGb' wdf{jnDaL / g]kfnL efiffefifL x'g\ . xfn logLx¿n] 5GTofn y/ n]V5g\ . g]kfnL gful/stf lng] klxnf] s';'G8fsf] gfd /fhfdfdf xf] . n]Krf M n]Krf hfltsf] d'n ynf] g]kfnsf] Onfd lhNnfnfO{ dflgG5 . Onfd lhNnfdf a;f]af; ug]{ of] hflt cNk;ª\Vos hflt xf] . of] hfltsf] k'/f]lxtnfO{ lah'jf elgG5 . oL hfltsf dflg; d/]kl5 d[t z/L/nfO{ z'4 hnn] :gfg u/fpg], gofF sk8f, rGbg nufOlbg], nf;nfO{ 3/sf] 9f]sfaf6 glgsfnL ‰ofnaf6 jf leQf kmf]/]/ lgsfNg] ul/G5 . s~rghª\3f lxdfnlt/ lz/ /fv]/ nf; ufl8G5 . of] hfltsf] ljjfxdf & lsl;dsf] ljlw k"/f ug'{kg]{, j/ kIfn] sGofs} 3/df sGof kIfnfO{ ef]het]/ v'jfO{ pkxf/ lbg'kg]{, o;sf cltl/Qm ^ dlxgf;Dd b'nxfn] ;;'/fnLdf a;L bfp/f, 3fF;kft u/L ;]jf k'¥ofpg'kg]{ rng 5 . oL hfltdf dlxnf ;'Ts]/L ePsf] # lbgdf hfF8/S;L v'jfO{ rf]VofOG5 .

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 44 lwdfn M lwdfn hfltsf] d"n af;:yfg g]kfnsf] emfkf / df]/ª lhNnf xf] . logLx¿ n8fs' :jefjsf x'G5g\ / cfk"mnfO{ cflbjf;L eGg dg k/fpF5g\ . aRrfx¿sf] gfd k|foM af/sf] gfdaf6 /fVg], dfuL ljjfx, x/0f ljjfx, hf/L ljjfxsf] k/Dk/f ePsf of] hfltsf dflg;sf] ljjfxsf nflu s]6L dfUg hfFbf b'O{ af]Qn /S;L, ;'kf/L, r'/f]6 cflb nfg'kg]{ x'G5 . logLx¿df aRrf hlGdPkl5 dfq ljjfx ug]{ rng 5 . sl7g zAbsf cy{ k|frLgsfn – w]/} klxn]sf] ;do ;f}xfb{k"0f{ – ;b\efjn] el/Psf] ;b\efj – c;n efj jf ljrf/ tk{0f – lkt[x¿sf] gfpF lnP/ cFh'nL jf c3{åf/f kfgL r9fpg] sfd lk08 – lkt[nfO{ lbg] p2]Zon] afl6Psf] eft jf hf}sf] 8Nnf] ;lxi0f'tf – ;lxi0f' x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf lzjflns – dxfef/t kj{tz[ª\vnfb]lv blIf0fkl§ To;}sf] xf/fxf/Ldf k"j{klZrd s]xL 6f9f;Dd lkmFhfl/Psf] xf]rf] kj{tdfnf cflbynf] – ;'?jftsf] 7fpF nf]kf]Gd'v – x/fpgtkm{ nfu]sf] sGbd"n – df6fd'lg h/fsf ¿kdf kmNg] kmn lj|mofsnfk != tkfO{Fsf] ;d'bfodf /x]sf hfthfltx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ kf/L pSt hfthfltsf] hGd ;+:sf/af/] sIffdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ . @= g]kfndf k|rlnt hftLo k/Dk/f;Fu ;DalGwt uLt, sljtf / syf tof/ kf/L sIffsf]7fdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . $= g]kfnsf ;LdfGts[t / nf]kf]Gd'v hfltx¿sf] k/Dk/f / ;+:sf/sf] vf]hL u/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . cEof; != du/ / u'?ª hfltsf] hGd / ljjfx ;+:sf/larsf] leGgtfnfO{ tflnsfdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . @= tkfO{Fsf] hfltsf] d[To' ;+:sf/df ul/g] lj|mofsnfkx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ . #= tkfO{Fsf] ;d'bfodf /x]sf k|d'v hfthfltn] d[To' ;+:sf/df ug]{ lqmofsnfksf] 5f]6s/Ldf rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .

45 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * wf/fkfgL gd'gf dfWolds ljBfnosf] sIff * df cWoog ug{] ljBfyL{x¿n] … ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg / PstfÚ zLif{sdf jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hgf u/] . pQm k|ltof]lutfdf hd'gf ljZjsdf{ k|yd ePsL lyOg\ . ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx¿, xfdL hd'gf ljZjsdf{n] /fv]sf] dGtJosf] cWoog u/f}FM cfb/0fLo ;efkltHo", lg0ff{os d08n / ljBfyL{ ;fyLx¿ . cfh xfd|f] sIffdf x'g uO/x]sf] …ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg / Pstf ljifosÚ jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutfdf cfkm\gf egfO /fVg] cg'dlt rfxG5' . x/]s s'/fdf leGgtf / pSt leGgtfnfO{ Pscsf{n] cfb/ ug'{ g} ljljwtfdf ;Ddfg xf] . xfd|f] g]kfn klg ljljwtfdf ;Ddfg ePsf] b]z xf] . ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg g]kfnsf] df}lns klxrfg xf] . oxfF ljleGg k|sf/sf hfthflt, wd{, efiff, ;+:s[lt / /xg;xg /x]sf] kfOG5 . o;/L /x]sf] wd{, efiff, ;+:s[ltdf Psn] csf{sf] ;+:s[ltk|lt ;b\efj /fv]sf] kfOG5 . of] g} ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg xf] . g]kfndf o'uf}Fo'ub]lv ;lxi0f'tf sfod 5 . Pp6fsf] wd{, ;+:s[lt / efiffnfO{ csf{n] ;Ddfg ug{] ;+:sf/ 5 . 57 k"hf kxf8L lhNnfsf cGo ;d'bfon] klg dgfpg'nfO{ o;sf] pbfx/0f dfGg ;lsG5 . Psn] csf{sf] rf8kj{, hfqf cflbdf ;xeflutf hgfpg' / cfk;df ldn]/ kj{x¿ dgfpg] ;+:sf/ g} ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg ug{] ;+:sf/ xf] . o;/L cfk;df ldn]/ a:g] ;+:sf/n] ubf{ g]kfndf ljljwtfdf Pstf ePsf] b]lvG5 . h'g;'s} hft, wd{, efiff, ju{, lnª\u, ckfª\utf eP klg xfdL ;a}larsf] Pstf, efOrf/f / ;xcl:tTjdf g} g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;d[l4 / ljsf; ;Dej 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ wf/f # df ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f+:s[lts ljz]iftfo'St, ef}uf]lns ljljwtfdf /x]sf ;dfg cfsfª\Iff / g]kfnsf] /fli6«o :jtGqtf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf, /fli6«o lxt tyf ;d[l4k|lt cf:yfjfg\ /xL Pstfsf] ;"qdf cfa4 ;a} g]kfnL hgtf ;dli6df /fi6« xf] eGg' / o;}sf] wf/f %) -@_ df wd{, ;+:s[lt, ;+:sf/, k|yf, k/Dk/f, k|rng jf cGo s'g} klg cfwf/df x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf lje]b, zf]if0f / kf7 %g]kfndf ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg / Pstf

cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 46 cGofosf] cGTo u/L ;Eo / ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{] Pjd\ /fli6«o uf}/j nf]stGq, hgkIfLotf, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts d"Nox¿sf] ljsf; ug{] tyf ;f+:s[lts ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg ub{} ;fdflhs ;b\efj, P]Soa4tf / ;fd~h:o sfod u/L /fli6«o Pstf ;'b[9 ug{] /fHosf] ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts p2]Zo x'g] 5 eGg'n] ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfnLx¿n] cfkm\g} wd{, efiff, ;+:s[lt eP klg Psn] csf{sf] ;+:s[ltk|lt ;b\efj /fVg', Pp6fsf] wd{, ;+:s[lt / efiffnfO{ csf{n] ;Ddfg ug{] ;+:sf/ x'g', Pscsf{sf] rf8kj{, hfqf cflbdf ;xefuL x'Fb} cfpg', Pscsf{df ldn]/ ;fd"lxs ;b\efj sfod /fVg' h:tf s'/fn] g]kfndf ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg ePsf] kfOG5 . oxL g} g]kfnLsf] df}lns :jefj xf] . olt eGb} d]/f egfOx¿ oxLF cGTo ub{5' . wGojfb . sl7g zAbsf cy{ lg0ff{os – lg0f{odf k'¥ofpg] ljljwtf – ljleGgtf, cg]stf df}lns – d"n jf h8l;t ;DalGwt, s;}sf] cfwf/ glnPsf] efOrf/f – efOaGw'sf gftfn] ul/g] cfTdLotfk"0f{ Jojxf/ cfsfª\Iff – s'g} s'/fsf] OR5f, clenfiff ;fd~h:o – d]nldnfk :jefj – cfgLafgL, cfbt lj|mofsnfk != ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg / Pstf zLif{sdf Ps jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hgf ug'{xf];\ . pb\3f]ifs, lg0ffos d08n, ;dokfns / ;efklt klg cfkm"x¿dWo]af6} 5fGg'xf];\ . @= ;dfhdf ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg ug{ tkfO{Fn] s] s] ug'{k5{, aF'bfut ¿kdf n]Vg'xf];\ . cEof; != ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg eg]sf] s] xf] < @= ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg g]kfnsf] df}lns klxrfg xf] eGg] egfOnfO{ ts{åf/f k'li6 ug'{xf];\ . #= …ljljwtfdf Pstf, xfd|f] klxrfgÚ ljifodf lgaGw n]Vg'xf];\ . ;fd'bflos sfo{ tkfOF{sf] ;d'bfodf ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg / Pstf sfod ePsf 36gf xf]nfg\ . pQm 36gf ;ª\sng u/L sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .