197 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * PsfO ( o; PsfOdf x'g] xfd|f l;sfOx¿ o; PsfOsf] cWoogkl5 tkfO{Fx¿ lgDg sfo{df ;Ifd x'g'x'g] 5 M • s"6gLlts lgof]usf] kl/ro lbO{ logsf sfo{x¿ atfpg, • lad:6]s (BIMSTEC) sf] kl/ro lbO{ o;af6 g]kfnn] k|fKt u/]sf pknlAw atfpg, • ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3-UNO_sf] kl/ro lbO{ ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3 / g]kfnlarsf] ;DaGw tyf ;xof]u atfpg, • g]kfndf ;fOa/ ck/fwsf] cj:yf jf]w ug{ / o;;DaGWfL sfg'gL k|fjwfg ;DaGwdf ;r]t /xg, • ;d;dflos ultljlw / 36gf;Fu kl/lrt eO{ o;n] dfgj hLjgdf kf/]sf] k|efj atfpg . cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw, ;d;fdlos 36gf / ;"rgf k|ljlw
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 198 cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGwnfO{ ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug{ / cfk;L ;xof]u cfbfgk|bfg ug{ cf}krfl/s ¿kdf b]zsf] k|ltlglwTj u/]/ csf{] b]zdf /x]sf] ;+:yfnfO{ s"6gLlts lgof]u elgG5 . o;n] ljb]zdf /x]sf cfkm\gf] b]zsf gful/ssf] ;'/Iffnufot cGo cfjZos ;xof]u pknAw u/fpF5 . s"6gLlts lgof]ux¿n] csf{] b]zdf /x]/ sfo{ ubf{ s"6gLlts dof{bfleq /x]/ sfo{ ug'{k5{ . xfd|f] b]zdf /fhb"tsf] lgo'lStsf nflu ;/sf/n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf JolQmnfO{ /fi6«kltaf6 lgo'lSt ul/G5 . o:tf s"6gLlts lgof]ux¿ ;dfGotM /fhwfgLdf /xG5g\ . s"6gLlts lgof]ux¿df sd{rf/Lnufotsf Joj:yf ldnfpg] sfd k/f/fi6« dGqfnon] u5{ . ;g\ !&^( df k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] :yfkgf u/]sf] d'G;L vfgf÷h};L sf]7f g]kfnsf] k//fi6« dfldnf x]g]{ klxnf] c8\8f xf] . g]kfndf klxnf] k6s ;g\ !(#$ df k//fi6« ljefu v'n]sf] lyof] . lj=;+= @))& ;fn;Dd g]kfnsf] k//fi6« ;DaGw a]nfot, ef/t, k|mfG; / cd]l/sf;Fu dfq hf]l8Psf] lyof] . xfn g]kfnn] #) b]zdf cfjf;Lo b"tfjf; :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 . ljZjsf clwsf+z b]zdf g]kfnsf s"6gLlts lgof]ux¿, dxfjfl0fHob"t, jfl0fHob"t / dfgfy{ jfl0fHob"t;d]t /x]sf 5g\ . s"6gLlts lgof]ux¿df ;DalGwt b]zsf /fhb"t / pgnfO{ ;xof]u ug{] cGo sd{rf/Lx¿ x'G5g\ . ljb]zL d'n'sx¿;Fu cf}krfl/s ¿kdf ;"rgfx¿ cfbfgk|bfg ubf{ /fhb"tfjf;dfkm{t ul/G5 . s'g} klg ljb]zL d'n'sdf g]kfnLx¿n] e|d0f ug'{kbf{ To; b]zsf] cg'dlt lng'k5{ . of] cg'dlt lbg] sfd ;DalGwt b]zsf] /fhb"tfjf;n] u5{ . Pp6f b]zsf] s"6gLlts JolQmaf6 csf{] b]zsf] s"6gLlts dof{bfdf cf3ft gcfpg] u/L /fhb"tfjf;af6 Joj:yf ul/G5 . s"6gLlts dof{bf kfng ug{ cf}krfl/s ¿kdf af]Nbf, e|d0f ubf{, e]63f6 ubf{, ljrf/ k|sfzg ubf{ Wofg lbg'k5{ . s"6gLlts lgof]ussf sfo{x¿M • ljb]zdf /x]sf cfkm\gf] b]zsf gful/sx¿sf] ;'/Iffnufot cGo cfjZos ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . • b]zdf /x]/ sfo{ ubf{ s"6gLlts dof{bfleq /x]/ sfo{ ug{] . !ljleGg s'6gLlts lgof]ux¿ / ltgsf sfo{x¿ kf7
199 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * • b'O{ b]zsf lardf cfk;L ;lGw;Demf}tfx¿ x'g] qmddf 5nkmn cufl8 a9fpg] . • /fi6« k|d'v, ;/sf/ k|d'v jf cGo pRr kb:y JolStx¿sf] e|d0fdf cfjZos ;dGjo ug{] . • Ps b]zn] /fv]sf] k|:tfjdfly cfkm\gf] b]zsf] wf/0ff /fVg] . • cf}krfl/s ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug{] . • le;f :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ . • 6«fen k/ld6 hf/L ug]{ . 5'6 k|j]z le;f k|bfg ug]{ / cfudg tyf k|:yfg k|dfl0ft ug]{ . sl7g zAbsf cy{ s"6gLlts – s"6gLlt;DaGwL c8\8f – d'2fdfldnfsf] l5gf]kmfgf] u/L Gofolg;fkmsf] sfd ug{] sfg'gL sfof{no, cbfnt b"tfjf; – /fhb"tsf] cfjf; jf sfof{no, s'g} b]zdf cGo b]zsf /fhb"t, jfl0fHob"t cflb clwsf/Lx¿ /xg] 7fpF cf3ft – dfgl;s si6 jf Joyf dof{bf – g}lts aGwg, k|lti7f wf/0ff – wf/0f ul/g] cj:yf le;f – ljb]zdf hfg ;DalGwt b]zsf clwsf/Låf/f x'g] k|j]zf1f lj|mofsnfk != ljZjdf cGt/f{li6«o ljjfb cfpg'sf k|d'v sf/0fx¿sf af/]df sIffdf 5nkmn u/L gd'gf ;dfrf/ agfpg'xf];\ . @= xfd|f l5d]sL d'n's ef/t / rLgsf nflu g]kfnL /fhb"tx¿ sf] sf] x'g'x'G5 < ljleGg ;|f]taf6 ;f]wvf]h u/L n]Vg'xf];\ . #= s"6gLlts ;DaGw :yfkgf EfPsf d'n's / s"6gLlts lgof]udfkm{t ePu/]sf sfo{ jf ;xof]ux¿sf] ;"rL tof/ kf/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . $= s"6gLlts ;DaGw / låkIfLo ;DaGw sfod ePsf b]zx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ kfg'{xf];\ . %= ;fyL;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L s"6gLlts lgof]usf] e"ldsf cfjZos kg]{ If]qx¿ klxrfg ug'{xf];\ . cEof; != g]kfn;Fu s"6gLlts ;DaGw :yfkgf ePsf b]zx¿sf] ;ª\Vof slt /x]sf] 5 < @= g]kfnsf] dxfjfl0fHo b"tfjf; s'g s'g 7fpFdf 5 < #= s"6gLlts lgof]u eg]sf] s] xf] < pNn]v ug{'xf];\ . $= k|j]zf1f eg]sf] s] xf] < k|j]zf1f lbg] sfd s;n] u5{ < %= s"6gLlts dof{bf eg]sf] s] xf] < pNn]v ug'{xf];\
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 200 kf7 @lad:6]s g]kfnn] ax'kIfLo k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ;xof]usf nflu aª\ufn vf8Lsf] k|of; -lad:6]s_ cGt/f{li6«o cfly{s ;ª\u7g xf] . ;'?df la:6]ssf] gfdaf6 lrlgGYof] . ;'?sf] ;dodf aª\unfb]z, ef/t, >Lnª\sf / yfONofG8 o;sf ;b:o /fi6« lyP . kl5 yfONofG8d} cfof]lht dGqL:t/Lo a}7sn] ;ª\u7gdf Dofgdf/nfO{ ;b:osf ¿kdf yk u/]sf] lyof] eg] gfd klg lad:6]s agfPsf] lyof] . o;nfO{ aª\unfb]z, ef/t, Dofgdf/, >Lnª\sf / yfONofG8 cfly{s ;xof]u elgGYof] . ;g\ @))$ df yfONofG8df ;DkGg 5}6f}F dGqL:t/Lo a}7saf6 g]kfn / e'6fgn] klg lad:6]ssf] ;b:otf k|fKt u/] . xfn o;df aª\unfb]z, ef/t, Dofgdf/, >Lnª\sf, yfONofG8, g]kfn / e'6fg u/L ;ft /fi6«x¿ ;ª\ul7t /x]sf 5g\ eg] kfls:tfg o;sf] ;b:o /x]sf] 5}g . o; ;ª\u7gsf] k|d'v p2]Zo eg]sf] tLj| cfly{s ljsf;, ;fdflhs k|ult tyf ;femf lxtsf nflu ;b:o /fi6«x¿lar ;sf/fTds jftfj/0f agfpg' xf] . lad:6]s blIf0f / k"jL{ Pl;ofnfO{ hf]8\g] If]qLo ;ª\u7g xf] . ljZjsf] sl/a @@ k|ltzt hg;ª\Vof /x]sf] of] ;ª\u7gsf] d'Vo p2]Zo eg]sf] ;b:o /fi6«lar ;femf ;/f]sf/sf ljleGg ljifodf cfk;L ;xof]udfkm{t ;femf ;d[l4 xfl;n ug]{ . ;'?df Jofkf/, k|ljlw, oftfoft, ko{6g / dT:o Joj;fo o;sf sfo{If]q lyP t/ ;g\ @))* df s[lif, hg:jf:y, ul/aL lgjf/0f, k|ltcftª\sjfb, jftfj/0f, ;+:s[lt, hg:t/sf] ;DaGw / hnjfo' kl/ j{tgnfO{ o;sf sfo{If]qsf ¿kdf yk ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fs{ If]qsf ef/t, aª\unfb]z, >Lnª\sf / e'6fgsf cltl/Qm blIf0fk"jL{ Pl;ofsf yfONofG8 / adf{;d]t ;b:o /x]sf] of] ;ª\u7gdf g]kfn cfa4 x'g'sf] p2]Zo cfˆgf] Jofkf/nfO{ blIf0fk"jL{ Pl;ofnL If]qdf lj:tf/ ug{' xf] . lad:6]sn] blIf0f tyf blIf0fk"jL{ Pl;oflar k'nsf] sfd u5{ .
201 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * lad:6]ssf sfo{x¿M != ;g\ @)#) ;Dd ul/aL lgjf/0f ug]{ @= lad:6]s b]znfO{ xjfO{, /]n, ljB't\ tyf oftfoftdfkm{t hf]8\g] . #= lad:6]s If]qsf] 7'nf] hg;ª\VofnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ s[lif If]qdf k|ljlwsf] cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ . $= cft+sjfblj?4 ;+o'Qm ¿kdf n8\g] . %= hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;+o'Qm cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ . ^= lad:6]s d'n'sdf Jofkf/ / nufgL a9fpg] . sl7g zAbsf cy{ vf8L – tLglt/ hldgn] 3]l/Psf] ;d'b|sf] ;fgf] efu ;ª\u7g – k/:k/sf] d]n, hdft, 6f]nL ;+o'Qm – g5'6\l6Psf] jf eª\u gePsf], b'O{eGbf a9L c+lzof/ ePsf] lj|mofsnfk != lad:6]sdf kg]{ b]zx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ kf/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . @= lad:6]ssf ;b:o /fi6« ePsf] gS;f lgdf{0f u/L sIffsf]7fdf k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ . #= lad:6]ssf ;DaGwdf ;fyL;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L lad:6]saf6 g]kfnn] k|fKt u/]sf pknlAwx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ . cEof; != BIMSTEC sf] k"0f{ ¿k n]Vg'xf];\ . @= lad:6]sdf slt cf]6f b]z cfa4 5g\ < #= lad:6]s eg]sf] s] xf] < $= lad:6]sf sfo{nfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 202 kf7 # ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3 bf];|f] ljZjo'4kl5 @$ cS6f]a/ !($% df ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . k|yd ljZjo'4kl5 :yfkgf ePsf] /fi6«;ª\3n] sfd ug{ g;s]sf] dx;'; u/L !($! df cd]l/sL /fi6«klt k|mofª\slng ?hj]N6 tyf a]nfotL k|wfgdGqL ljG:6g rlr{nn] cfGw| dxf;fu/df /x]sf] o'4 kf]tleq ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3 h:tf ljZj ;+:yfsf] :Yfkgf ug{] ;lGw u/]sf lyP . bf];|f]n] u/]sf] ljgfzaf6 cfqmfGt ag]sf /fi6«x¿n] o;sf] :jfut u/L @^ h'g !($% df ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf x:tfIf/ u/]kl5 @$ cS6'j/ !($% df Go'of]s{df k|wfg sfof{no /xg] u/L ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . :yfkgfsfndf o;sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf %! cf]6f /fi6«n] x:tfIf/ u/]sf lyP . ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf cª\ux¿nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ b]vfpg ;lsG5M dxf;efM ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] ;+;b\nfO{ dxf;ef elgG5 . of] ;ef ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3df ;b:o ag]sf b]zx¿sf k|ltlglwx¿sf] a}7s a:g] ;ef xf] . dxf;efsf] a}7sdf k|To]s /fi6«n] % hgf k|ltlglw k7fpg] Joj:yf 5 . dxŒjk"0f{ lg0f{o b'O{ ltxfOn] / cGo lg0f{o ;fdfGo ax'dtaf6 kfl/t x'g] Joj:yf 5 . dxf;efsf] a}7s k|To]s jif{ ;]K6]Da/ dlxgfsf] t];|f] dª\unaf/ ;'? x'G5 . dxf;efn] cGt/f{li6«o zflGt ;'/Iffsf] ljrf/ljdz{ ug]{, ;'/Iff kl/ifb\ / cGo lgsfoaf6 k|fKt k|ltj]bgdfly ljrf/ljdz{ ug]{, ;b:otf hf/L ug]{, jflif{s ah]6 kf; ug]{, ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df dxf;lrjsf] lgo'lSt ug]{, ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s kl/ifb\sf ;b:ox¿ lgjf{lrt ug]{, cGt/f{li6«o Gofofnox¿sf GofofwLzx¿ lgjf{lrt ug]{ h:tf sfo{ ub{5 . ;'/Iff kl/ifb\M ljZjdf zflGtsf nflu ;]gf kl/rfng ug]{ ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] k|d'v cª\unfO{ ;'/Iff kl/ifb\ elgG5 . kfFr :yfoL /fi6« / kGw| c:yfoL /fi6« ;xefuL x'g] u/L ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] u7g x'G5 . c:yfoL /fi6«x¿ dxf;efaf6 kfn}kfnf] b'O{ jif{sf nflu lgjf{lrt x'g] Joj:yf ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3df /x]sf] 5 eg] ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] k|d'v sfd eg]s} ljZjdf zflGt ;'/Iff
203 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * sfod /fVg zflGt ;]gf kl/rfng ug'{ xf] . o;sf cltl/Qm ;'/Iff kl/ifb\n] gofF ;b:o /fi6«sf] k|j]zsf nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{, dxf;lrjsf] lgo'lStsf nflu dxf;efnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{, cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\3if{df x'g ;Sg] ljjfb jf l:yltsf] cg';Gwfg ug]{ h:tf sfo{ ub{5 . cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs kl/ifb\M o;df dxf;efaf6 # jif{sf nflu lgjf{lrt %$ ;b:o x'g] Joj:yf 5 . k|To]s jif{ Ps ltxfO ;b:osf] kbfjlw ;lsg] x'gfn] Ps ltxfO ;b:o lgjf{lrt x'g] / ef}uf]lns If]qcg';f/ ;b:o lgjf{lrt x'g] Joj:yf 5 . h:t} M Pl;ofaf6 !!, clk|msfaf6 !$, Nofl6g cd]l/sfaf6 !), k"jL{ o'/f]kaf6 ^, klZrd o'/f]kaf6 @ / cGo /fi6«af6 !# . o;cGtu{t gf} cf]6f cfof]u 5g\ . cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs kl/ifb\n] cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf cfly{s, z}lIfs, ;fdflhs cflb If]qdf cWoog u/L k|ltj]bg k]; ug]{, dfgj clwsf/ tyf df}lns xssf] kfngf / clej[l4sf nflu l;kmfl/; ug{, ljleGg If]q;Fu ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ug]{, dxf;efn] lbg] s'g} klg lhDd]jf/L kfngf ug]{ h:tf sfo{ ub{5 . lhDdfhdfgL kl/ifb\M wf/f *^–(! ;Dd lhDdfhdfgL kl/ifb\sf] Joj:yf 5 . o;df ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf kfFr :yfoL ;b:ox¿ /xg] Joj:yf 5 . lhDdfhdfgL kl/ifb\n] cGo /fi6«sf] pklgj]zaf6 :jtGq jf :jtGq /fi6«x¿ cfkm}F zf;g rnfpg cIfd /fi6«x¿nfO{ zf;g ;~rfng ug{ of]Uo / ;Ifd agfpg ;xof]u ub{5 . cGt/f{li6«o Gofofno M ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] cbfntnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o Gofofno elgG5 . o; Gofofnosf] d'Vo sfd ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf cª\ux¿nfO{ sfg'gL ;Nnfx lbg', cGofodf k/]sf /fi6«nfO{ Gofo lbg' / s'g} b'O{ b]zsf] ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{ ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3nfO{ ;Nnfx lbg' xf] . o; Gofofnodf !% hgf GofofwLz x'g] / kbfjlw gf} jif{sf] x'g] Joj:yf 5 . ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df dxf;efaf6 GofofwLzx¿ lgjf{lrt x'g] Joj:yf 5 . % hgf
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 204 GofofwLzx¿ kfFr :yfoL ;b:o /fi6«af6 / afFsL bz hgf ;a} dxfb]z ;d]6\g] u/L lgo'St x'G5g\ . ;lrjfno M ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf dxf;lrj /xg] sfof{NfonfO{ ;lrjfno elgG5 . dxf;efn] u/]sf] lg0f{onfO{ o;n] sfof{Gjog ub{5 . ;lrjfnosf] k|d'vnfO{ dxf;lrj elgG5 eg] dxf;lrjsf] lgo'lSt % jif{sf nflu x'G5 . ;lrjfnon] cGt/f{li6«o ljjfbdf dWo:ytf ug]{, zflGt sfod ug]{ lj|mofsnfk ;~rfng ug]{, ljZjJofkL dxŒjsf ljifodf cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ug]{, k|ltj]bg k|sfzg tyf ljt/0f ug]{, ljZjsf ;dfrf/ hut\nfO{ /fi6«;ª\3sf ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fpg] h:tf sfo{ ub{5 . ;+o'St /f6«;ª\3sf] lgif]wflwsf/ ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf % :yfoL /fi6«x¿ -cd]l/sf, a]nfot, ¿;, k|mfG; / rLg_ n] kfPsf] ljz]if clwsf/nfO{ ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] lgif]wflwsf/ elgG5 . ljz]if clwsf/sf] k|of]u u/L dxf;efn] u/]sf] s'g} klg lg0f{onfO{ o:tf /fi6«n] c:jLsf/ u/]df Tof] lg0f{o kf; x'g ;Sb}g . jt{dfg ljZjkl/j]zdf o;sf] ;fGble{stf x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] M != ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3 h:tf] ;fd"lxs ;ª\u7gdf s'g} b]znfO{ w]/} clwsf/ / s'g} b]znfO{ yf]/} clwsf/ lbg' x'Fb}g . @= lgif]wflwsf/ k|fKt b]zdWo] s'g} Ps b]znfO{ dfq lrQ ga'‰bf klg dxŒjk"0f{ lg0f{ox¿ kf; gx'g' /fd|f] xf]Og . #= o:tf] clwsf/n] x}sdjfbL k|j[lQsf] ljsf; x'G5 / cfkm"nfO{ ;j{zlQmdfg\ 7fGg] / c¿ /fi6«nfO{ guGg] ;Defjgf j[l4 x'G5 . $= t];|f] ljZjo'4 x'gaf6 hf]ufpg :yfkgf ul/Psf] o:tf] ;ª\u7gdf lgif]wflwsf/s} sf/0faf6 o'4 x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 . sl7g zAbsf cy{ dx;'; – cfjZostfaf]w, cg'e"t kfl/t – ljlwk"j{s :jLs[t ePsf] ljjfb – egfeg, emu8f, snx kbfjlw – kbflwsf/Lsf] sfo{sfn dWo:ytf – dWo:y x'gsf] efj jf cj:yf hut\ – ;+;f/, nf]s, b'lgofF c:jLsf/ – s'g} gofF l;4fGtsf] k|ltkfbg x}sd – k|Effj, babaf, sAhf
205 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * lj|mofsnfk != ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] dxf;ef a}7saf/] ;"rgf ;ª\sng u/L sIffsf]7df 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ . @= ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] dxŒjk"0f{ cª\u dxf;efsf sfo{x¿sf] ;"rL tof/ kf/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . #= ;lrjfnosf sfo{x¿ ;dfj]z u/L ;dfrf/sf] gd'gf tof/ kfg'{xf];\ . cEof; != ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] :yfkgf slxn] ePsf] lyof] < @= ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf cª\ux¿sf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ . @= cfhsf] ;Gbe{df ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] e"ldsf cem dxŒjk"0f{ 5 eGg] egfOk|lt tkfO{F ;xdt x'g'x'G5 < cfˆgf] b[li6sf]0f k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . #= ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3n] ;fgf tyf ul/a b]zx¿sf] xsclwsf/ ;'/lIft /fVg s] e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5 < k|:6 kfg'{xf];\ .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 206 låtLo ljZjo'4sf] cGTokl5 o;sf ljh]tf /fi6«x¿åf/f @$ cS6f]a/ !($% df cGt/ f{li6«o ¿kdf zflGt / ;'/Iff sfod /fVg] p2]Zosf ;fy ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . ;g\ !*%) df hª\uaxfb'/ /f0ffn] a]nfotsf] e|d0f u/]kl5 g]kfnsf] k//fi6« ;DaGwsf] cf}krfl/s ;'?jft ePsf] lyof] . ljZj;Fu g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] ;DaGw lj:tf/ ug{ ;'? u/]sf] bf];|f] ljZjo'4kl5 dfq xf] . ;g\ !($& df g]kfnn] a]nfotl:yt b"tfjf;dfkm{t ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug{ kxn u¥of] . ;g\ !($* df g]kfnn] ;b:otfsf nflu cfj]bg lbO{ ;g\ !(%% l8;]Da/ !$ df ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] ;b:otf lnPb]lv g]kfn w]/} sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnn] ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3cGtu{t :yfkgf ePsf ljleGg ljlzi6Ls[t ;+:yfsf] klg ;b:otf lnPsf] 5 . oL ;+:yfx¿n] :jf:Yo, lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt, >d, vfB tyf s[lif, x'nfs ;]jf, afnaRrf;DaGwL, /f]huf/L, af}l4s ;DklQnufot If]qdf ;lqmotf hgfPsf 5g\ . g]kfnn] ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3 / o;sf ljlzi6Ls[t ;+:yfn] kfl/t u/]sf jf hf/L u/]sf dxf;lGw tyf 3f]if0ffkqx¿df x:tfIf/ u/L cfkm\gf] k|lta4tf hfx]/ u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnn] ;g\ !(^( b]lv !(&) tyf ;g\ !(** b]lv !(*( ;Dd ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] c:yfoL ;b:osf ¿kdf sfo{ u/]sf] 5 . xfn ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3df !(# /fi6« ;b:o /x ]sf 5g \ . g ]kfnn ] ;g \ !(^^ df /ª \ue ]blj?4sf ] ljz ]if k |ltj ]bg kfl/t ug { ljz ]if e"ldsf v ]n ]sf ] lyof ] . ;g \ !(^*÷!(^( df ;'/Iff kl/ifb \sf ] c:yfoL ;b:o /fi6 «sf ¿kdf /x Fbf g ]kfnn ] lgMz:qLs/0f tyf cf0fljs xltof/sf ] k |ltaGw;DaGwL k |ltj ]bg kfl/t ug { pNn ]vgLo e"ldsf v ]n ]sf ] lyof ] . To; }u/L g ]kfnsf ] ljsf;, nf ]stGq Pjd \ zflGt ;'Joj:yfdf ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3n] dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] 5 . $ ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3 / g]kfnlarsf] ;DaGw / ;xof]u kf7
207 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * g]kfnlarsf] ;DaGw / ;xof]uM != g]kfnn] ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o zflGt sfod ug{ zflGt ;]gf k7fP/ ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 . @= ;g\ !(^( / &) tyf ;g\ !(** / *( df b'O{ jif{sf nflu ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] c:yfoL ;b:odf g]kfn lgjf{lrt eP/ sfd u/]sf] . #= g]kfnsf k|ltlglw ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3cGtu{t ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] ;xfos dxf;lrjdf ;d]t lgo'St eP/ sfd u/]sf] . $= g]kfn ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] ;g\ !(%*, !(^*, !(&), !(&$, !(&%, !(*#, !(*$, !(** / @))! df pkfWoIfdf lgjf{lrt eP/ sfd u/]sf] . $= g]kfnn] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ;ldltdf ;b:o tyf o'g]:sf]sf] ;b:o h:tf kbdf /xL sfd u/]sf] . %= ;g\ !(($ b]lv g]kfnL ;]gfn] x}6Ldf zflGt :yfkgfsf nflu sfd ul//x]sf . ^= ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3n] a'4 hoGtLnfO{ zflGt lbj;sf ¿kdf dgfpg] u/]sf] . &= g]kfnn] ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3leq /x]/ hlxn] klg ;fd|fHojfbsf] pGd"ng / pklgj]zjfbsf] cGTosf nflu kxn tyf lj:tf/jfb, gjpklgj]zjfb, x:tIf]k cflbsf] ;b}j lj/f]w ub}{ cfPsf] . sl7g zAbsf cy{ cf}krfl/s – lzi6frf/ ;'xfpFbf] ljlzi6Ls[t – c¿eGbf ljz]if lsl;dsf] k|lta4tf – sa'n pGd"ng – gi6 kfg{] sfd, x6fpg] sfd lj:tf/ – km}nfpg] sfd pklgj]z – c¿k|lt cflwkTo hdfpg] k|j[lQ lj|mofsnfk != tnsf] ;dfrf/ cWoog u/L ljZjdf zflGtsf nflu zflGt ;]gfsf] of]ubfgsf a/]df sIffdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ M ljZj zflGtsf nflu zflGt ;]gfsf] of]ubfg /fhwfgL ;+jfbbftf ! j}zfv, kf]v/f . ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifb\cGtu{t /x]sf zflGt ;]gfn] ljZjdf zflGt
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 208 :yfkgfsf nflu dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg ub}{ cfPsf] tYo laxLaf/ kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdfkm{t ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5 . clk|msL d'n'sx¿df rls{+b} uPsf] o'4nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ o'4/t kIfx¿nfO{ jftf{sf] 6]andf /fvL ;d:ofsf] zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfg vf]Hg xf];\ of hldgd'lg n'sfP/ /fv]sf af?bx¿nfO{ lgliqmo kfg{ xf];\ cyjf b'j} lj/f]wL kIfsf JolStx¿nfO{ ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ xf];\, zflGt ;]gfn] u/]sf sfo{sf] rf}tkmL{ k|z+;f ul/Psf] 5 . @= ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] nf]uf], a8fkq / g]kfn;Fusf] ;DaGwsf af/]df sIffsf]7fdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ . #= ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3n] g]kfndf u/]sf ;xof]usf If]q / ;xof]usf] ;"RfL Pj+ g]kfnn] ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3df k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] ;"rL tof/ u/L ;fyL;d"xdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ . $= ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] p2]Zo k|flKtdf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] e"ldsfsf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/L k|fKt lgisif{nfO{ a'Fbfut a'Fbfut ¿kdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . cEof; != g]kfnn] ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] ;b:otf slxn] k|fKt u/]sf] xf] < @= g]kfnn] ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3df k'¥ofPsf s'g b'O{ cf]6f of]ubfg pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . #= cGt/f{li6«o zflGt ;xof]u ;dGjo sfod ug{ ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3n] v]n]sf] e"ldsfnfO{ ;+jfbdfkm{t k|:6 kfg'{xf];\ . $= ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] ultljlwdf g]kfnsf] e"ldsfnfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfpg s] ug'{knf{ < cfk\mgf ljrf/ k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . %= ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug{ g]kfnn] u/]sf] k|of; pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . ^= e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«sf] xslxtsf nflu ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] e"ldsfk|lt tkfOF{sf] cfˆgf] b[li6sf]0f a'Fbfut ¿kdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
209 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * ljB'tLo dfWod / ;fdflhs ;~hfndfkm{t cg'dltlagf ljleGg lsl;dsf ;fdu|L b'?kof]u ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;fOa/ ck/fw elgG5 . of] sDKo'6/, sDKo'6/ g]6js{ tyf pks/0fsf] k|of]u u/L ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 ul/g] ljB'tLo ck/fw xf] . o;sf nflu sDKo'6/ -Nofk6k jf 8]:s6k_ / df]afOn -:df6{ kmf]g jf 6\ofAn]6_ h:tf pks/0fdf OG6/g]6 h8fg ug'{k5{ . ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;Fu} ljsl;t ePsf] ;fOa/ ck/fw ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf dfWodaf6 a9L k|of]udf cfPsf] kfOG5 . km];a's, d];]Gh/, l6s6s, o'6\o'anufotsf ;fdflhs ;~hfndf s;}sf] OR5fljk/Ltsf] lel8of], kmf]6f], dflg;sf] cfjfh cflbsf] ;Ssn jf gSsnsf ¿kdf b'?kof]u u/L JolQmsf] dfg, dof{bf, k|lti7f, OHhtdf c;/ kfg]{ sfo{ ug'{ ;fOa/ ck/fw xf] . o;cGtu{t GfSsnL cfO8L (ID) lgdf{0f / k|of]u u/L c¿nfO{ b'Mv lbg], kf;j8{ rf]/L ug]{, c¿sf] a]OHht ug]{ h:tf sfo{ kb{5g\ . cg'dltlagf lrq, kmf]6f]nfO{ b'?kof]u ug]{, c¿sf] l;h{gfnfO{ k|of]u / ljt/0f ug]{ cflb h:tf sfo{ ;fOa/ ck/fwsf pbfx/0f x'g\ . g]kfndf ;fOa/ ck/fwsf] lgodgsf nflu ljB'tLo sf/f]af/ P]g–@)^#, ljB'tLo sf/f]af/ lgodfjnL–@)^$, ;"rgf k|ljlw GofofwLs/0f lgodfjnL–@)^$ ag]sf] 5 . ;f] P]gcg';f/ sDKo'6/, OG6/g]6nufotsf ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWodx¿df g}ltstf, lzi6frf/lj?4sf ;fdu|L, s;}k|lt 3[0ff, å]if km}nfpg] ;fdu|L k|sfzg jf k|bz{g u/] bf]ifLnfO{ s}b, hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . ;fOa/ ck/fwaf6 ;dfhdf ck/fwsf 36gf a9\g], cftª\s l;h{gf x'g], b]zsf] uf]Ko ;"rgf r'xfj6 x'g], b'O{ b]zlarsf] ;DaGw lau|g] cflb h:tf c;/ k5{g\ . s]xL jif{otf ;fdflhs ;~hfn tyf OG6/g]6sf] b'?kof]u u/L cfˆgf] :jfy{ k"lt{ ug]{x¿sf] laulauL XjfQ} a9]sf] 5 . cem s]xL dflg;sf nflu t ;fdflhs ;~hfn gsf/fTdstf km}nfpg] dxŒjk"0f{ If]q ag]sf] 5 . dfG5]sf] efjgfdf v]n]/ xf];\ of Anfsd]n u/]/ xf];\, ;fOa/ b'?kof]u a9\bf] 5 . ;fOa/ ck/fw ljZjsf] h'g;'s} s'gfdf a;]/ s'g} klg If]qdf ug{ ;lsg] ePsfn] klg ;ts{tfsf] cfjZostf ljZje/ g} 5 . cfhsf] ;do Pl6Pd, cgnfOg a}+lsª, df]afOn a}+lsª, P;dP; a}+lsªsf ;'ljwf;Fu} kf7 % ;fOa/ ck/fw
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 210 uDeL/ r'gf}tL a9\g uPsf] ;do xf] . pkef]QmfnfO{ em'SofP/ csf{sf] /sd cfkm"n] lgsfNg], P;dP; tyf Od]n lkml;ª ug]{ lqmofsnfk lbgk|ltlbg a9\b} uPsf 5g\ . o;sf/0f ;fOa/ ck/fw lgoGq0f ug{ xfdL ;a} ;r]t x'g'k5{ . sl7g zAbsf cy{ ck/fw – s;}sf] ckdfg jf xflggf]S;fgL x'g] sfd pks/0f – sfdsfh ug{] ;/;fdu|L, cf}hf/ k|lti7f – dfgdof{bfdf /fVg] sfd b'?kof]u – cg'lrt pkof]u cftª\s – s7f]/ cTofrf/ cflbaf6 pTkGg x'g] eo lj|mofsnfk != ;fOa/ ck/fwsf ;DaGWfdf ePsf sfg'gL Joj:yfsf] ;"rL tof/ u/L sIffsf]7fdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . @= ;fOa/ ck/fw;Fu ;DalGwt ;dfrf/ tof/ kf/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . cEof; != ;fOa/ ck/fw eg]sf] s] xf] < ;fOa/ ck/fwaf6 s;/L aRg ;lsG5 < @= g]kfndf ;fOa/ ck/fw lgoGq0f ug{ s] s:tf k|of; ePsf 5g\ < pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . ;fd'bflos sfo{ tkfO{Fsf] ;d'bfodf ;fOa/ ck/fwsf 36gfx¿ 36]sf xf]nfg\ . pQm 36gfsf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/L o;af6 ;d'bfodf k/]sf c;/x¿nfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
211 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * ljleGg k|sf/sf cfGbf]ng, ljZjdf 36]sf 36gf, dxfdf/L, b}jL k|sf]k, hnpTkGg ljkt\, v]ns'bsf ultljlw, z}lIfs ultljlw /fi6«/fi6«larsf] åGå, Jofkf/ tyf kf/jxg;DaGwL ljifo h:tf jt{dfg ;dodf ljZjel/ eO/x]sf kl/jt{g / ultljlwnfO{ ;d;fdlos 36gf elgG5 . o;cGtu{t lbuf] ljsf;, lgMz:qLs/0f, cftª\sjfb, af?bL ;'?ª, hg;ª\Vof j[l4, k/df0f' pmhf{, ;ª\j|mldt /f]ux¿, hnjfo' kl/jt{g cflb kb{5g\ . lbuf] ljsf;M jftfj/0fnfO{ glauf/Lsg efjL k':tf cyf{t\ ;GtltnfO{ klg k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] pkof]u ug{ kfpg] u/L ul/g] ljsf; lbuf] ljsf; xf] . lbuf] ljsf;sf] k|d'v nIo k[YjL / o;df lglxt ;|f]t Pjd\ ;fwgsf] ;+/If0f;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug{ g;s] jftfj/0fLo x|f; / k|fs[lts ljklQ jf ;ª\s6 l;h{gf x'G5 . lgMz:qLs/0fM lgMz:qLs/0f xftxltof/sf] ;Lldt k|of]u ug]{ jf 36fpg] cjwf/0ff xf] . o;cGtu{t k/fDk/fut xftxltof/sf] ;Gt'lnt s6f}tL, k/df0f' adx¿sf] lj;h{g h:tf ljifo k5{g\ . o:tf xftxltof/sf] k|of]u / cf];f/k;f/n] dfgj cltTjnfO{ ;ª\s6df kf/]sf] 5 . cftª\sjfbM s'g} klg /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s jf cGo p2]Zo k"/f ug{ hgdfg;df lx+;fsf] k|of]u ug'{ g} cftª\sjfb xf] . o;af6 k|To]s jif{ ljZjdf ;of}Fsf] ;ª\Vofdf ljleGg If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\3;+:yfn] cftª\sjfb cGTo ug{ k|lta4tf JoSt u/] klg cGTo x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . af?bL ;'?ªM hldgd'lg cyjf ;d'b|leq /flvPsf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{x¿ lj:kmf]6gsf sf/0f 7'nf] ;ª\Vofdf dflg;n] Hofg u'dfpg'k5{ . ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3Lo ^ ;d;fdlos ultljlw / 36gf Pjd\ o;n] dfgj hLjgdf kf/]sf] c;/ kf7
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 212 Ph]G;Lx¿ tyf sfo{j|mdx¿n] cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u u/L cfjZos ;"rgf lbO/x]sf 5g\ . hg;ª\Vof j[l4M ljZj clxn] cgf}7f] hg;ª\Vofsf] cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . 36\bf] k|hgg b/n] ubf{ !) jif{eGbf dflysf] hg;ª\Vof a9L 5 . clxn] ^$% a'9fkfsfx¿ sd ljsl;t If]qdf a;f]af; u5{g\ . o'/f]kdf ;a}eGbf sd / Pl;ofdf ;a}eGbf a9L a'9fkfsfsf] hg;ª\Vof /x]sf] 5 . k/df0f' pmhf{M k/df0f' zlStn] dfgj hLjgdf kfg]{ ;d:of;Fu h'Wg ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] kf/df0fljs zlSt cfof]usf] :yfkgf u¥of] . k/df0f' pmhf{nfO{ dflg;sf] hLjgdf ;sf/fTds k|efj kfg]{ sfo{sf nflu pkof]u ug'{k5{ . ;ª\j|mldt /f]ux¿M ljleGg k|sf/sf /f]ux¿, h:t} M Oaf]nf, P8\;, ;f;{, df;{, :jfOg km\n', lhsf efO/;, l;sn;]n Plgldof cflb hl6n ;fdflhs ;d:ofsf ¿kdf ljsf; ePsf 5g\ . o:tf ;d:of hl6n aGb} uP/ dxfdf/Lsf] ¿k lng yfln;s]sf 5g\ . xfn;fn} a|flhnaf6 km}lnPsf] lhsf efO/;n] ljZjsf sl/a $@ b]zdf k|efj kfl/;s]sf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gM jfo'd08nsf] tfkj|md, xfjfsf] axfa / jiff{t\df x'g] 36a9sf sf/0f k[YjL tyf o;sf] s'g} efudf cf};t df};ddf x'g] dxŒjk"0f{ kl/jt{gnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g elgG5 . of] kl/jt{g k[YjLsf] jfo'd08nsf] tfkj|mdsf] j[l4n] hn / jfo' tyf jftfj/0fdf x'g] gsf/fTds kl/jt{g xf] . o;sf] /f]syfdsf nflu ljleGg ;dodf ljleGg k|sf/sf sfo{qmd x'Fb} cfPsf] kfOG5 . o;n] dflg;sf] hLjg / h}ljs ljljwtfdf gsf/fTds k|efj kf5{ . lxpFn] 9fs]sf e"efu sfnf kxf8 x'g uPsf 5g\ . hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] cDnLo jiff{ x'g] ljkt\x¿ l;h{gf eO{ ljleGg dxfdf/L cfpg ;S5 .
213 cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * sl7g zAbsf cy{ dxfdf/L – x}hf, Kn]u cflb /f]usf] cTolws k|Effj ;d;fdlos – Ps} ;dosf], pxL a]nfsf] ;+/If0f – /fd|/L ul/g] /Iff, lxkmfht s6f}tL – sf6]/ 36fpg] sfd k|lta4tf – sa'n ul/Psf] Ph]G;L – Ph]G6sf] sfd x'g] jf a:g] :yfg k/df0f' – s'g} kbfy{sf] cToGt ;"Id s0f, clt ;fgf] s0f lj|mofsnfk != tkfO{F a;]sf] :yfgaf6 k|sflzt kqklqsfx¿ ;ª\sng u/L pQm kqklqsfdf n]lvPsf ;d;fdlos 36gfsf af/]df sIffsf]7fdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ . @= b}lgs kqklqsf jf /]l8of] l6eLsf] ;dfrf/ ;'gL jf x]/L Ps xKtf;Ddsf] d'Vo ;dfrf/ ;ª\sng ug'{xf];\ . #= sIffsf]7fdf ;d;fdlos 36gf;Fu ;DalGwt /x]/ xflh/Lhjfkm k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng ug'{xf];\ . $= ;d;fdlos 36gf;Fu ;DalGwt ;dfrf/, lrq, ;DkfbsLo cflb ;ª\sng u/L sIffsf]7fdf k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ . cEof; != ;d;fdlos 36gf eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 < jt{dfg ljZjsf ;d;fdlos 36gfx¿sf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ . @= cftª\sjfb eg]sf] s] xf] < cftª\sjfb cGTo s;/L xf]nf < a'Fbfut ¿kdf rrf{ ug'{xf];\ . #= s'g} b'O{ cf]6f ;d;fdlos 36gf n]vL To;sf] k|efj;d]t pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . $= k/df0f' pmhf{ eg]sf] s] xf] < %= lj:kmf]6s kbfy{sf] k|of]uaf6 x'g] gsf/fTds c;/ pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . ;fd'bflos sfo{ cftª\sjfbsf] k|efj / /f]Sg] pkfoaf/] :yfgLo a'l4hLjL;Fu cGt/lj|mof u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – * 214 gf]6M ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________