English Skills 7

r. Bikram has a very nice house, ..................................?
s. Ravi and Sarala are brother and sister, ..................................?
t. Something has happened to him, ..................................?
u. You don’t have to do that, ..................................?
v. There were five birds in the cage, ..................................?
w. One must not be away from his or her duty, ..................................?
x. The Pathfinder will be successful in its mission, ..................................?

Speaking

The answer to question tags are just like that of yes/no questions.
A: You are coming to the party tomorrow, aren’t you?
B: Yes, I am.
A: You have heard the story of Tarzan - the wonder car, haven’t you?
B: No, I haven’t. I wish I knew it.

10. Complete each sentence with a question tag. Then ask and
find someone in your class who says yes to your question.
Write the name of the persons in the blank spaces.

a. You were absent from school yesterday, .....................? .....................
b. You know how to play table tennis, .....................? .....................
c. You can fly kite, .....................? .....................
d. Gangalal was a brave man, .....................? .....................
e. People should be very careful while driving, ....................? ....................
f. You have been in this city for more than five years, ..............? ..............
g. You don’t like meat, .....................? .....................
h. You did your English homework yesterday, .....................? .....................

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Reading

11. Read and answer the questions that follow.

Monica Khajaghar Anjana Cafe

BREAKFAST BREAKFAST Rs. 65
1. Toast with butter Rs. 70 1. Toast with butter Rs. 70
Rs. 75
2. Sandwich Rs. 50 2. Sandwich Rs. 60

3. Pasta Rs. 70 3. Pasta

4. Salad Rs. 50 4. Salad

MAIN MEALS MAIN MEALS
5. Veg curry rice
5. Veg curry rice Rs. 150 6. Buff momo Rs. 150
7. Mutton curry rice Rs. 110
6. Chicken momo Rs. 180 8. Mutton burger Rs. 275
Rs. 200
7. Chicken curry rice Rs. 250

8. Chicken burger Rs. 150

DRINKS Rs. 40 DRINKS Rs. 30
9. Milk tea Rs. 20 9. Milk tea Rs. 20
10. Mineral water Rs. 65 10. Mineral water Rs. 70
11. Orange juice 11. Orange juice

a. Which restaurant will you choose for veg curry, rice and salad?
b. Which one offers cheaper sandwiches?
c. Which item has the same price in both?
d. List out all the things that are cheaper in Anjana Cafe.
e. What are the items that Monica Khajaghar offers but Anjana Cafe does not?

12. Have you seen a hotel menu? Is it similar to the one given here?
If possible bring a menu and discuss it in the class.

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Writing

Preparing a Menu

13. Imagine you are going to open a hotel. Now, look at the
sample here and prepare a hotel menu.

14. Suppose you have been to a restaurant or a hotel recently and
you tasted some food selecting from a menu. Write a letter
about the items given in the menu and why you chose the
item you ate. You may invite your friend if you like the food.
Otherwise, you could recommend visiting another restaurant.

Listening

15. Listen to the kids talking on a radio programme and fill in
the blanks.

a. Diwakar has a ..........................
b. He actually wanted to have a .......................... fish.
c. Diwakar’s mum likes his pet because they have a ...........................
d. Rabin is .......................... years old.
e. Rabin has a .......................... and a ...........................
f. The names of Rabin’s pets are .......................... and ...........................
g. One of Rabin’s pets hates ...........................
h. The quietest pet in the world is ...........................
i. The nosiest among all is ...........................
j. The pet that hates having bath is ...........................
k. The two pets that can be dirty are ...........................and ...........................

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19 Reporting facts
and truths

Listening

1. Listen, complete and sing.

Teacher says, “We’ve got a test.”
Teacher says, “We’ve got a test ..................................”
If you study, you will pass.
If you study, you can pass the test.

Teacher says, “We’ve got a test.”
Teacher says, “We’ve got a test ...............”
If you studied, you would pass.
If you studied, you could pass the test.

Teacher says, “We had a test.”
Teacher says, “We had a test.”
If you had studied, you ................................. passed.
If you had studied, you ................... have passed the test.

Boys and girls say, “What shall we ............. to pass the test?”
And the teacher says, “............................... is the best.”
Boys and girls say, “Can you help us pass the test?”
The teacher says, “I’ll do my .............................”

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Conversation

2. Sit in groups of three and practise the conversations.
Scene 2: At the same party

Rajiv : Hello Ruchita! It looks like you’re looking for someone.
Ruchita : Ohhi,Rajiv!Yes,IamsearchingforSeema.Doyouknowwheresheis?
Rajiv : She has already gone home.
Ruchita : Home? Why did she leave so early?
Rajiv : She said that she was feeling ill.

Scene 3: Next day at school

Ruchita : Hi Seema! I didn’t expect to see you in school today. Rajiv told
me that you were ill.

Seema : Oh! That was yesterday. Now I’m feeling fine.

Scene 1: In the playground

Supriya : Hey, Nadim! What happened to you? You look upset.

Nadim : Oh hi, Supriya! My pet died this morning.

Supriya : That’s really sad. I am sorry for your loss.

Nadim : Thank you. But please don’t tell anyone about it.

Scene 2: Inside the class

Deepti : Nadim looks upset today.

Supriya : Yes, he does.

Deepti : Doyouknowwhathappenedtohim?Youweretalkingwithhimin
the playground.

Supriya : I do. But he requested me not to tell anyone about it.

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Discuss
Who are reporting what other people said?
Pick the reported sentences from the dialogues.

Grammar

Reported speech: Reporting statements

Tense change Indirect

Direct

The present simple The past simple

He said, “I go for a morning walk He said that he went for a morning
every day.” walk every day.

The present continuous The past continuous

Theysaid,“Wearelookingatthestars They said that they were looking at
at this moment.” the stars at that moment.

The present perfect The past perfect
I said, “I have done my work.” I said that I had done my work.

The present perfect continuous The past perfect continuous

She said to me, “I have been reading Shetoldmethatshehadbeenreading
English for ten years.” English for ten years.

The past simple The past perfect

He said to his boss, “I was sick He told his boss that he had been
yesterday.” sick the day before.

The past continuous The past perfect continuous

Sita said, “Rita was sleeping whole Sita said that Rita had been sleeping
day yesterday.” whole day the day before.

Will/can/may/must Would/could/ might/ had to

Hari said, “I will bring my work Hari said that he would bring his
tomorrow.” work the next day.

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There are cases when we don’t change the tense of the reported statements.
If the reporting verb is in the present tense or in the future tense:
Direct: Bina says, “I am a good girl.”
Indirect: Bina says that she is a good girl.
If the statement to be reported is general truth:
Our teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.”
Our teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.

Pronoun change

We change the first person pronoun according to the subject of the reporting
verb whereas we change the second person pronoun according to the object
of the reporting verb.

She said to me, “You must follow what I said.”

She told me that I had to follow what she had said.

Use of reporting verb

If there is no object followed by say verb, we keep it the same. If there is an
object followed by say verb, we change it to told.

This means ‘said to’ changes to ‘told’ but said remains the same.

Adverbial change

Direct Indirect
now then
yesterday the previous day/ the day before
tomorrow the following day/ the next day
here there
last day/month/ year the previous day/month/ year
today that day
ago before
this that
next the following

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Her mother said, “She came to the capital yesterday.”
Her mother said that she had gone to the capital the day before.
Bina said to her friend, “I had been near your house five days ago.”
Bina said to her friend that she had been near her house five days before.

Say or tell

We can use say and tell both in direct and reported speeches. Tell is always
followed by a personal object (told me). Say is used with or without a personal
object. When it is used with a personal object, it is always followed by to (said
to me).

Ask

Ask also can be used in both direct and indirect speeches but it mostly
comes in questions. It can be used with personal object or without one.
Sometimes, ask can come up while reporting imperative sentences.

Direct speech Reported speech

He said, “I’m all right.” He said that he was all right.
Mitra said to me, “You are my Mitra told me that I was his best
best friend.” friend.

She told me, “Give me your She told me to give her my book.
book.”

Expressions say good morning/ afternoon, etc., say something, say
with say one’s prayers, say a few words, say so, say no more, say for
certain, etc.

tell the truth, tell a lie, tell somebody the time, tell somebody

Expressions one’s name, tell a story, tell a secret, tell somebody the way,
with tell tell one from another, tell somebody’s fortune, tell somebody

so, tell the difference, etc.

Expressions ask a favour, ask the time, ask a question, ask the price, etc.
with ask

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3. Complete the text with tell, say or ask in the correct form.

First, the principal ........................... good morning. Then he ...........................
us that the police had been ...........................questions about bad behaviour at
school. The police ........................... that some pupils had been seen breaking
windows. Several boys were ........................... if they knew anything but of
course they ........................... nothing. They were probably ........................... lies.
The principal ........................... us all for information. He ........................... we
must ........................... him the name of those involved. Well, I know who they
were. But I can’t ........................... him the secret. ........................... the truth is not
always easy, is it?

44 Sohan met Sabina while he was on a holiday in Pokhara.
Report what he said to her.

I’ll always remember The weather is fine. I’ve made a
the place. lot of friends.
I came here
I’ll come back again two weeks ago. I don’t like going back
during next holiday. to Kathmandu.

I have been really enjoying You will love this
the days here. place a lot.

I was talking to a tourist at
this time yesterday.

The food is I go boating
delicious. every day.

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5. Change the following sentences into indirect.

a. Sumi said to Monica, “I’ll help you to repair your car tomorrow.“
b. Mani said to Janak, “I didn’t understand the meaning of the film.”
c. Radha says, “You can come to me if you have any problem.”
d. Pradeep said to me, “I’m afraid I can’t come.”
e. Usha said, “She wouldn’t give me her notebook.”
f. Jeevan says to her, “You can’t understand this.”
g. Neeti said to me, “She is going to Biratnagar next month.”
h. Menuka said to you, “You must finish the remaining task.”

Listening

6. Listen and name the people in the photos.

7. Listen to the audio again. Are the following statements true
or false? Check.

a. Bhanubhakta is Dilip Rayamajhi’s first movie.
b. Dilip has the lead role in the movie.
c. Bhanubhakta was a poet.
d. His grandfather compelled him to write a book so that he could be

remembered.

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e. Bhanubhakta taught a lesson to a ghasi, the grass collector.
f. Dilip could act well in the movie.

Speaking

8. Sit in groups. Then write a couple a sentences as if you are
going to tell a story. The writer’s name should be mentioned.
After writing the story exchange the paper. Then narrate what
the auhor has written.

Story: “Juna went to a party last Saturday. She met an American professor. He
invited her to study in the US and she is going there next month!” (Author:
Luna)
Luna said Juna had been to a party earlier Saturday. She had met an American
professor. He had invited her to study in the US and she was going there the
following month.

Reading

9. Read and learn.

A lucky day for a shoeshine boy

The story of Brazilian film star Vinicius

In 1998, twelve-year-old Vinicius de Oliveira from Rio
de Janeiro in Brazil became a film star in the film Central
do Brasil or Central station in English. The film got an
Oscar nomination for the best foreign film.

But Vinicius was not always a star. Before he made the
film, he was a shoeshine boy, cleaning people’s shoes in
the streets of Rio de Janeiro.

In 1977, Vinicius was just eleven years old, with almost
no education. He worked at an airport in Rio de Janeiro,
cleaning the shoes of businessmen. One day, he asked a

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man if he wanted him to clean his shoes, but the man said “no”, because he
was wearing sports shoes.

Vinicius was poor, so he asked the man if he had any money, and a
conversation started. First, the man asked him what his name was, then he
asked Vinicius where he lived, how old he was and so on. And then came
the real surprise—he said he wanted Vinicius to do a film test! The man
was the Brazilian film director, Walter Salles.

At first Vinicius said “no”. He told Salles that he couldn’t act, and that he’d
never seen a film because he had no money for entertainment. But Salles
continued talking to him, and Vinicius asked if the other shoeshine boys
could also do the film test, so that they could have a chance, too. Salles
agreed, and Vinicius said he would do the test. But it was Vinicius who got
the part.

After the test, Walter Salles asked him if he would take the part of Josue,
the boy in the film. Vinicius had really enjoyed the test, so he agreed and
asked Salles when he could start.

Salles said he was very happy with Vinicius’s performance in the film.
Vinicius was not the first boy that Salles had asked—he’d tested 1500
boys before he found him! So that day at the airport was very lucky for
the shoeshine boy. If he hadn’t been there that day, he would never have
become a film star. And if Walter Salles hadn’t been wearing trainers,
perhaps he would never have started talking to Vinicius.

Comprehension

10. Match the words with their meanings.

a. nomination ____ actual
b. conversation ____ maybe
c. real ____ chosen for an award
d. performance ____ a talk between two people
e. perhaps ____ sports shoes
f. trainers ____ show or acting

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11. Add either –tion or –ment at the end of the sentences to
make nouns. Then complete the sentences.

a. Street children in Nepal need better ...e..d..u...c.a..t..i.o..n............. (educate)

b. My teacher says she’s noticed a real .............................. in my English.
(improve)

c. I think email is a much better form of .............................. than letters.
(communicate)

d. Our school needs some new computer ............................... (equip)

e. Excuse me, could you give me some .............................. about your
school, please? (inform)

f. Grade seven is responsible for the .............................. of the stage for
today’s programme. (manage)

g. We all should strive for .............................. in whatever we do.
(perfect)

h. You can’t keep dreaming, you must take .............................. (act).

i. You need to know the right .............................. to open the lock.
(combine)

12. Put the following events in order by numbering them from 1
to 5.

Vinicius became a film star.
Walter Salles met Vinicius at the airport.
Vinicius lived by polishing the shoes of people.
Vinicius gave a short film test.
Vinicus asked Salles for money.
Salles started talking to the shoeshine boy.

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13. Answer the following questions.

a. How old was Vinicius when Walter Salles met him?

b. Why did he not want Vinicius to clean his hoes?

c. Why did Vinicius ask the man to give him some money?

d. Why did Vinicius say “no” when Salles first asked him to do a film test?

e. When did Vinicius say “yes” to Salles?

f. How many tests had Salles done before he met Vinicius?

g. Why was that day at the airport a lucky day for Vinicius?

Reading

14. Read and learn.

Instruction manual for a smart watch

Your Smart Watch 3 accessory is powered
by Android Wear and supports voice
commands. You can ask questions like
“When is my next meeting?” or “How do
I get to the train station?” and get answers
immediately. You can also use your Smart
Watch 3 to receive and reply to messages,
view appointment notifications, and glance
at weather updates – all from the convenience
of your wrist. The Smart Watch 3 works with
any Android™ smartphone or tablet running
Android™ version 4.3 or higher. For optimal
performance and functionality, use the Smart
Watch 3 together with the wristband provided.

Before using your Smart Watch 3 for the first time, you need to charge it for
approximately 30 minutes. Sony chargers and USB cables are recommended.

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To turn on your Smart Watch 3:

Press and hold down the power key until the Smart Watch 3 vibrates.

To turn off your Smart Watch 3:

1. From the home screen, swipe once from right to left.
2. Find and tap Settings > Power off, then tap ✔.

To set up your Smart Watch 3 manually

1. Make sure that your Android™ phone or tablet is connected to a Wi-Fi®
network and that it maintains a Wi-Fi® connection throughout the setup
procedure.

2. Turn on your Smart Watch 3.
3. Phone or tablet: Search for the Android Wear application on Google

Play™, then download and install the application.
4. Phone or tablet: OnceAndroid Wear is installed, open theAndroid Wear

application, then follow the on-screen instructions.
5. Phone or tablet: If Bluetooth® is not turned on, tap Turn on Bluetooth

when prompted.
6. Phone or tablet: From the list of available devices, select the Smart Watch

3. A pairing code now appears on both the Smart Watch 3 and your
phone or tablet.
7. Confirm on your phone or tablet that the same code is displayed on both
devices. The Smart Watch 3 now checks for updates, installs any required
software and restarts automatically, if necessary.
8. Phone or tablet: Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the setup.
9. After setup, the Smart Watch 3 prompts you to turn on some features,
suchasGoogleNowandLocationservices,toaddmorefunctionalityand
improve the user experience. If desired, follow the relevant instructions.
The first time you pair and connect the Smart Watch 3 with a new phone or
tablet, the procedure can take several minutes. If your Smart Watch 3 has
alreadybeenpairedwithanotherphoneortablet,youhavetoresetyourSmart
Watch 3 before pairing it with a new phone or tablet.

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15. Fill in the blanks with not more than two words from the text.

The Smart Watch 3 is compatible to __________ commands and should
beused with provided wrist band to get _________________ and
functionality. To turn it on, the Power key has to be pressed until it
____________. It is necessary to ensure the connection of phone or tablet
to a Wi-Fi® network throughout the ________________. Connection of
this watch with a new device for the first time can take _______________
The Smart Watch connected to a device previously has to be _________
before pairing it with a new device.

16. State whether the following statements are True or False.

a. The Smart Watch 3 responds to the verbal command.

b. This watch can only be charged with Sony chargers.

c. Wi-Fi connection is not required throughout the set up procedure.

d. The user receives a pairing code on both the watch and the device.

e. The Smart Watch should be reset before pairing with a new device.

17. Answer the following questions.

a. Mention any two features of Smart Watch 3.

b. For how long should it be charged before using it for the first time?

c. What is the next step after installing the Android Wear?

d. Name the features that the Smart Watch prompts to turn on after set up.

e. The imperative sentences have been used in the different parts of this
text. What do you think is the reason behind the use of imperative? Also,
note down any five imperative sentences from the text.

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Grammar

Zero Conditional

We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs.
If + present simple, .... present simple.
Thisconditionalisusedwhentheresultwillalwayshappen.So,ifwaterreaches
100 degrees, it always boils. It’s a fact. I’m talking in general, not about one
particular situation.
The‘if’inthisconditionalcanusuallybereplacedby‘when’withoutchanging
the meaning.
Ifwaterreaches100degrees,itboils.(Itisalwaystrue,therecan’tbeadifferent
result sometimes).
IfIdrinkcolddrinks,Iamsick.(Thisistrueonlyforme,maybe,notforeveryone,
but it’s still true that I’m sick every time I eat peanuts)

18. Complete the given first conditinal sentences.

a. If people eat too much, _________________.
b. If you touch a fire, _________________.
c. _________________ if they don’t eat.
d. _________________ if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.
e. _________________ if they are scared.
f. If babies are hungry, _________________.
g. If I am lost,._________________.
h. If _________________ he comes.
i. When I’m happy, _________________.
j. If I’m driving, _________________.

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Writing

Simple Instructions

19. Look at the example and prepare a set of simple instructions
for growing a plant in a pot.

Plant Cuttings Instructions

Introduction With a cutting from a favourite plant, you will be able to
grow that plant forever!

Tools & Required Tools Pot ✔ Potting
Equipment Propagation Cloning Gel
Soil ✔ Blade ✔ Water
Razor

Numbered Instructions
steps begin
with a verb 1. Cover the bottom of your propagation pot with at least
3” of potting soil.

2. Select your plant for the cutting. NOTE: Pick the
healthiest plant you can find.

3. Choose a branch or stem with 2 or 3 sets of leaves.

4. Using your razor blade, make a 45-degree angle cut
next to a leaf node (that’s where the branches leave the
stem).

5. Immediately dip the cutting in your cloning gel to
prevent an air bubble from entering the stem.

6. Place the cutting in the propagation pot, inserting the
cutting at least 2” into the potting soil.

7. Moisten the soil. Do Not over water.

Cautions Conclusion Enjoy your plants for years to come

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