English Skills 7

him about the party.
e. ............................ (your dad/be) angry if he ............................ (find out)

about this?
f. We ............................ (may/miss) the last bus as well if we

............................. (not hurry) up.
g. If you ............................(finish) your work at six I ............................ (can/

take) you with me for an evening walk.
h. If they ............................ (be) tired we ............................ (not/go) to the

park.
i. If we ............................ (not cook) some rice we ............................ (get)

hungry.
j. ............................ (call) me if you ............................ (need) any help. OK?

Writing

25 Write a short paragraph telling the consequences if the
following things happen.

What will happen if we lose our temper?
If we lose our temper, everything will go wrong. If we lose our temper, we will
shout at other people. If we shout at them, they will be offended. If they are offended,
we will lose our friends. If we lose our friends, we will be lonely at the end. So we
should never lose our temper.

a. What will happen if we let our water tap open?

b. What will happen if you fail your English test?

c. What will happen if you come school without homework?

d. What will happen if you don’t get your pocket money?

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Listening

26 Are the following statement true or false? Listen
and check.

a. The speaker is hopeful about future cities.

b. There will be no problem for the people to travel.

c. People won’t get many diseases.

d. Plastic won’t be a big problem.

e. People won’t be able to turn plastic into petrol.

Conversation

27 Listen and practise.

A : The school bus is leaving in a
minute! Where is Seema?

B : She may be in the painting hall.
C : She can’t be there! She hates art.
B : But I saw her a few minutes ago.

She was sitting on a bench. She
was looking at the painting.
A : She must like this painting very
much. She has been here for half
an hour.
C : She isn’t looking at the picture.
She is asleep.
A : Poor Seema! She should go to
bed early.

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Grammar

Expressing possibility

The modal verbs may, might and could can be used to express possibility. We
use may, might and could for something which is likely or unlikely to happen.
I don’t feel very well. I may not come with you tomorrow.
She’s gone home. She might come back later.
Kusum isn’t in her room. She could be in the garden.
We can use must and can’t when we make a logical deduction, that means we
suppose so because we have some details.
With must we make a positive supposition. We are sure that something is
happening.
That man over there doesn’t understand what I say. He must be a foreigner.
With can’t we make a negative supposition. We are sure that something is not
the case or that something is impossible.
Mona can’t come first this time. Madan has worked really hard for this exam.
We use should or shouldn’t to give advice.
You should go to bed early. You shouldn’t stay up late.

28 Choose the correct verb to complete the sentences.

a. You have been working all night. You .............................. (must / can’t)
be tired.

b. The restaurant .............................. (can’t / may) be very good. It looks
rather empty.

c. The weather was very foggy in the morning. They ..............................
(may / can’t) have had a very lazy morning.

d. Despite her illness, she performed well. Her parents..............................
(must / can’t) have been proud of her.

e. You got here very quickly. You .............................. (must / can’t) have
taken a taxi.

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29 Choose the correct answer.

Mother : What’s the matter, Latika? You have dark circles under your
eyes.

Latika : I didn’t sleep last night. I had a terrible headache.
Mother : You (must / may) feel very tired. Why don’t you go to bed now?
Latika : I have to study. I’m not sure but we (can’t / may) have a

maths test tomorrow.
Mother : You don’t look well, dear. You (may / can’t) be ill. Go to bed

now. You (can’t / might) get better when you wake up.

Hari : Who’s that boy with Basanta over there?
Umesh : He (must / may) be his brother. They look very much alike.
Hari : He (can’t / might) be his brother. He is only six years old.

This boy (can’t / must) be at least sixteen.
Umesh : He (might / can’t) be a relative.
Basanta : Hello everybody. This is my cousin, Bhola.
Hari : Hi, Bhola. Look, Umesh, I was right.

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30 Haribansa Acharya has a TV programme in which he
gives suggestions to the young people about being
good students. Complete the request sent and reply by
using should or shouldn’t.

Dear Sir, Dear Nabin,

My name is Nabin and I’m thirteen. You can be a good student! Here
My school marks are really bad. I is what you ....................... do:
think my school is good enough
and I know I ....................... try a bit First of all, you .......................
harder, but I’m afraid I can’t be a try to do your homework
good student! Can you help me? every day. And remember, you
What ....................... I do? ....................... watch TV before
you do your homework! School
comes first!

If you think your homework is
too difficult, you .......................
talk to your teacher. Ask him
or her to help you. And you
....................... waste time in class.
You ....................... listen to your
teacher very carefully.

Good luck!

Writing

31 Your brother is not very good at English. He wants some
suggestions from you. Write a short letter telling him
what he should or shouldn’t do.

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Speaking

32 Sit in pairs and hold conversations. Use the given clues.

have a toothache

A: I have a terrible toothache. There is more than one way of
B: You should see the dentist. advising people.
C: Why don’t you put some You should/ shouldn’t…
Why don’t you…
clove oil on your tooth?

has problem with maths want to learn swimming
mother is angry can’t see properly
want to be a pop star want to be a video jockey (VJ)

Pronunciation

Consonant clusters

33 Listen and repeat.

film films ask asks cost costs
desks strategic coasts dentists consists tourists
licenses taxes tests statistics

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Reading

34 Read the following text. Amrita has given some suggestions
about making Kathmandu a better place for teenagers.

A Better Kathmandu for Teenagers

I believe youth is that stage of life in which you can make or break yourself.
If we are surrounded with the right opportunities and environment, we
can surely develop ourselves. If we don’t get the opportunities and the
exposure we need, we might never be able to develop ourselves. Here are
my suggestions to the Kathmandu Metropolis on what they should do.

First of all, I think we need
better footpaths. The lack of
footpaths is creating a lot of
problems when we travel.
Speeding vehicles make the
road a dangerous place for
pedestrians.

Next, there should be more
platforms for teenagers to
meet. If there are clubs and
organisations in town, then teenagers can share their dreams and interests
with each other. We could have one club in each ward with libraries,
meeting halls and so on. If this does not happen, the young people may get
into wrong habits. They may not use their time properly.

Also, there should be more sports facilities for teenagers. If teenagers get
more opportunities to be engaged in sports, they will always be interested
in improving their own health. The sporting activities for the youth not only
make them healthy but also social by providing opportunities to interact
with each other.

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Lastly, we should all ensure that we maintain a good physical environment.
Our town will be much better if we keep it clean and green. The heaps of
garbage, smoke from vehicles, unnecessary honking of horns have made
the city an unpleasant place to live in. If we have a healthy environment, it
will inspire us and help us to be better citizens.

Comprehension

35 Match the two parts to complete the sentences.

a. If there are no footpaths get into bad habits.

b. A clean environment ensures healthy and active.
c. Sport facilities make young people a peaceful atmosphere.

d. Lack of creative activities make youth it becomes harder to
move around.

36 Answer the following questions.

a. Why should the footpaths be constructed?
b. How do the clubs and sport centres help the youth?
c. Is environmental cleanliness necessary, why?
d. Writethreesuggestionstoyourwardofficetoimprovetheenvironment.
e. Do you think teenagers in Nepal waste a lot of time, why?

Writing

37 Write a couple of paragraphs on “More trees for better
environment”. Use the reading text in Exercise 34 as a
sample.

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5Lesson Art and Culture

1 Listen and fill in the blanks. Then, sing.

Preposition, it’s your ambition Now take a walk with me
to tell me tell me tell me and we’ll go by the .........................
exactly my ........................... and then along the path
that goes around and back
I could be on the couch
or outside my ............................ and underneath the waves
Am I across the street or inside a cave
or within your reach? and before we’re through
we’ll jump over the ........................
Did I go up the stairs
or fall off my ...........................? Preposition, it’s your ambition
Am I in front of you? to tell me tell me tell me
Are you ........................... me too? exactly my position.
Preposition, you’re on a mission
Preposition, it’s your ambition to tell me tell me tell me
to tell me tell me tell me exactly my position.
........................... my position.
Preposition, You’re on a mission I could be on the couch
to tell me tell me tell me outside my house
exactly my position. am I across the street
or within your reach

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Did I go up the ...........................
or fall off my chair
am I in front of you
are you ........................... me too

Now I’m about to say
without further delay
when you’re next to me
that’s where I want to be.
Now we’re near the end
but we’re among good ...........................
so then after this line
We’ll do it one more time.

Preposition, it’s your ambition
to tell me tell me tell me
exactly my position.
Preposition, you’re on a mission
to tell me tell me tell me
exactly my position.

This preposition song was originally prepared by The Bazillions

Prepositions
are bridges.
They help
bringing
words
together to
get meaning
clear.

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Comprehension

2 Now, circle all the prepositions in the song.

3 Answer the following questions.

a. What does the preposition want to tell us?
b. What are some of the places the speaker can be? Find out all.

Reading

4 Read and learn.

An art and cultural exhibition was going to be held in the school. Therefore,
Arun and Nabin who study in grade seven made an artistic model of their
home town. What happened then?
Arun and his friend Nabin laid a piece
of cardboard on the kitchen table at his
house.
They had a big job ahead of them. Their
teacher had asked them to build a model
of their town.
The assignment sounded like fun. Yet
Arun and Nabin also knew it would take
careful planning.
“Ready for a little construction work?” asked Arun with a smile. “First, I
think we should paint green around the edges of the cardboard.”
“It will look just like grass,” added Nabin.
“We could cut up black construction paper into strips with scissors. Then,
we can use the strips to add roads,” said Arun. “I think the paper is in the
basement. I have bought clay for the buildings.”
“Perfect,” replied Nabin. “Now let’s get going. Remember, we need to finish
this model by tomorrow morning!”
“The paint should dry by the time we finish cutting the construction paper,”
said Nabin. He put his brush in the sink. “We should leave it alone for a

English Skills Book - 7 111

little while. Otherwise, we will smear the paint.”
“I will glue 10 strips of black paper across the rest of the cardboard to make
the roads,” said Arun. “Should we add a piece of blue paper on the right
side? I just remembered that a stream runs through the east part of our
town.”
“The stream is a great idea,
Arun!” said Nabin. “We want
this model to look as much like
our town as possible. I will cut
the blue paper and cover one
side of it with glue.”
“I am going to start working
on the buildings,” said Arun. “I
have bought special clay for our
project.”
“I got modelling clay for Rs 200 at
the potter’s store,” Arun added.
“Arun, I see our work as a great success,” said Nabin once they finished
everything.

“My mom will help us put our model in her car,” said Arun. “Do you want
to carry it into the classroom with me tomorrow morning?”

“Sure!” shouted Nabin as he headed out his front door. “I will see you at
8:00 in the morning! Let’s meet by your locker.”

“You guys did a super job with this model,” their teacher said Monday
morning.

“Thank you,sir,” replied Arun. “We are happy that you liked it. We made
it all by ourselves. Nabin and I worked on it for three hours on Sunday.”

“Yep,” added Nabin proudly. “We definitely had a great time with this
project.”

“I see that,” said their teacher. “How about we keep the model outside the
principal’s office? That way, everyone who comes inside the school will be
able to see it!”
Actually, their art became one of the most popular items in the exhibition.

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Comprehension

5 Are the following statements true or false? Write.

a. They painted green for the rivers.
b. They used clay to make buildings.
c. Arun and Nabin did not like to make a model but teacher forced them.
d. The boys think their work a very good one.
e. Visitors did not like the model.

6 Answer the following questions.

a. What did Arun and Nabin make? Why?

b. What did they use to make the model?

c. What did they use to make the base of the model?

d. Where did they work while making the model?

e. Who helped them to take the model to school?

f. Where was their model kept?

7 Complete the crossword puzzle. 1
6
Across

3. thick, heavy, soft and wet soil 2

4. complete and correct in every 3
way

6. liked or enjoyed by many 4 5
people

Down

1. a show when objects are kept
for public display

2. without other people
5. went in a particular direction

English Skills Book - 7 113

Grammar

Prepositions

Prepositions are like bridges. They show the relationships between words
in a sentence. There are many prepositions in English. However, we will
look some of them putting in three categories.

Prepositions of time

at ten o’clock, at 1.30 pm, at noon, at midnight, at dawn, at dusk, at
twilight, at Lhosar, at Holi, at Christmas during the eighteenth
century, during the break

in the eighteenth century, in 1999, in October, in the morning, in
the afternoon, in the evening on Sunday, on 13th September, on
Democracy Day, on Sunday morning

Prepositions of place below the clouds at home

above the tree on the way behind the tree
on the bank
in front of the house in Ason next to the house
in a box
on a bus in the picture on the table
over the left hand side on the first floor under the table
between the bank and the park

Prepositions of movement

across the park along the highway into the building
down the hill
to/from Kathmandu through the hole out of the pocket

up in the sky towards me

Some other cases below 200 c happy for you

on the radio with cheese boys about to dance
with a friend
written by a student about ten people for heaven’s sake

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8 Complete the table below with the given prepositional
phrases.

during his early years in 1920 between 1826 and 1833
above a fishing boat at work under the wave
behind the waves on the left across the river
in the middle of the picture in 1849 in the background

Expression of time Expression of place Expression of movement

9 Choose and fill the correct prepositions in the blank
spaces.

at on in to over to into out of in front of next to

Last week, on Friday, Pritam was
driving from Pokhara ............................
Kathmandu. It was early ...........................
the afternoon but it was almost dark. He
looked ........................... the heavy clouds
........................... his head and listened
........................... the sound of thunder.

Suddenly, he saw a huge rock blocking the
road ........................... him. He turned right
to avoid it but, unfortunately, there was a ditch ........................... the road and
his car fell ........................... it.

Pritam could not believe his luck when he came ........................... the car
without any injury.

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10 Choose the correct prepositions and complete the
description of the painting.

This was probably painted .................... (in / at) the nineteenth century and
shows people ................................ (in / between) the park, ..............................
(in / on) a Saturday afternoon. Some people are sitting ................................
(in / on) the grass ................................ (under / on) the trees and some others
are just walking ................................ (in / to) the park. ............................... (In
/ On) the background, ................................ (on / in) the left, there are a
few boats ...................................... (above / on) the lake. Some people are
standing ...................... (across / near) the water looking at the boats.
............................. (In / On) the foreground, ................................ (in / on)
the left, a woman is sitting .......................... (between / above) two men. A
black dog is standing ................................ (during / behind) them.
It seems to be a sunny day. Some people are keeping umbrellas .....................
(in / over) their heads.

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Speaking

11 What’s wrong with these pictures? Sit in pairs and discuss.

123

456

789

10 11 12

English Skills Book - 7 117

12 Sit in pairs. Make questions and ask your partner about:

a. what time you get up at weekends
b. what time you went to bed last night
c. when you last went shopping
d. when you usually have dinner
e. when you are going to have next holiday

Writing

13 Use the following prepositional phrases in sentences of
your own.

in front of at the back of in the background in the middle of
during the holidays among the boys in our class across the sea

14 Describe an accident you have seen or heard. You
may imagine an accident, too. Include the following
information. You can take Exercise 9 as an example.

What happened? When did it happen?
Who did it happen to? Was the person injured?

15 Draw a simple scene. Include a road, houses, a river,
cars, a bridge, some trees, mountains, a lake, a grassland.
Add some more things of your choice. Then, describe
the scene as it was done in Exercise 10.

There are houses along the road…...................................................

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Conversation

16 Listen and practise.

The children in New School are very excited. They are going to the Botanical
Garden in Godavari for a project work in science. But they have to make
sure that they have done one thing before they all leave for the bus. Let’s
see what that is.

Teacher : Aren’t you all excited about the trip today?
Students : Yes, ma’am.
Teacher : Well, I can see that on your happy faces. Before we leave, who

can tell why we are visiting the Botanical Garden?
Shishir : Today, we are visiting the Botanical Garden to learn more

about the plant kingdom. Our goal is to find as many plants
as possible that we have studied in our botany lessons lately.
Teacher : That’s excellent, Shishir. Now, there is one more thing we need
to ensure before we leave for the bus. Can anyone guess what
it is?
Madan : Yes, ma’am. We need to keep our belongings in their proper
places. I think there is a bag. Whose bag is that?

English Skills Book - 7 119

Shreya : Oh, it’s mine. Thank you, Madan.
Raghav : I can see a water bottle there. Whose is that?
Dolma : I think it belongs to Sweta.
Teacher : Be careful, kids. I can still see a geometry box on the desk. Whose is

that?
Rima : That is mine. Thank you, ma’am.
Teacher : Good job class. It’s now time to move out.

17 Identify who the following items belong to.

a. bag: The bag belongs to ...............................................................................

b. water bottle: ..............................................................................................

c. geometry box: ..............................................................................................

18 Answer the following questions.

a. Where are the students going?
b. Why are they going there?
c. What should they do before they go?

Vocabulary

19 Choose and write the name of the branches of the study
along with their definitions.

botany biology arithmetic environmental science
astronomy chemistry linguistics phonetics

a. the study of living beings:
.b..i.o..l.o.g..y...................................................

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b. the study of planets and stars:
.............................................................

c. the study of language:

.............................................................
d. the study of numbers and their relation:
.............................................................
e. the study of elements and chemicals:
.............................................................
f. the study of sounds made by the human

voice in speech:
.............................................................
g. the study of the environment:
.............................................................
h. the study of plants:
.............................................................

Grammar

Possession

Possession can be expressed in various ways. Using possessive pronouns
(mine, yours, his, hers, ours and theirs ) is a common way of expressing
possession. Similarly, using possessive adjectives (my, our, his, her, its,
your and their) is another way of talking about possession. Likewise, an
apostrophe (‘) is also used to describe something that belongs to a person.

my book their house his cap Sheela’s pen

Of is used to describe when something non-living is a part of a whole.

roof of the house

In the same way, we can use have and its forms to talk about possession.

I have a book.

Using belong to is yet another way of talking about possession.

This book belongs to me.

English Skills Book - 7 121

20 Look, learn and rewrite the sentences without changing
the meaning.

I have a picture book. The picture book belongs to me. It is my picture book.
The picture book is mine.
She has a cat. The cat belongs to her. It is her cat. The cat is hers.
Susan has a bicycle. The bicycle belongs to Susan. It is Susan’s bicycle. The
bicycle is Susan’s.

a. I have a camera. The camera .........................................................
It is ......................................................................................................
The camera ........................................................................................
b. You have a set of books. The set of books ..................................................
It is .....................................................................................................
The set of books ................................................................................
c. She has a dress. The dress ...............................................................
It is .......................................................................................................
The dress .............................................................................................
d. They have a car. The car ..................................................................
It is ......................................................................................................
The car is ............................................................................................
e. The baby has a feeding bottle.
The feeding bottle ...........................................................................
It is .....................................................................................................
The feeding bottle ..........................................................................
f. My cousin has a farm house.
The farm house ..............................................................................
It is ...................................................................................................
The farm house is .........................................................................

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g. The boss has a cabin.
The cabin .................................................................................
It is .............................................................................................
The cabin ..................................................................................

21 Complete the following sentences using of.

a. What is the name of the street you live in? ( name/ street you live)
b. What is the .............................................................................. ? (name/

your teacher)
c. What colour is the ..............................................................? ( walls/ your

classroom)
d. What is the .................................................................................... ?

(colour/ your eye)
e. What is the .................................................................................... ?

(capital/ Nepal)
f. What is the ............................................................... ? (name/your

favourite singer)

Sit in pairs. Ask and answer the above questions.

22 Write questions with whose and answer them in two
ways.

book ( Jaya’s)
Whose book is this?
It is Jaya’s. It belongs to Jaya.
a. computer ( father’s)
b. house ( Mr Sapkota’s)
c. jacket ( Hari’s)

English Skills Book - 7 123

Reading

23 Read and learn.

Dhulikhel

Dhulikhel is one of the popular hill stations of Nepal. It is located in Kavre district.
This is the headquarters of Kavre district and it lies some 30 kilometres from
Kathmandu and 4 kilometres from Banepa. Located at an altitude of approximately
1, 700 metres above the sea level, Dhulikhel provides a panoramic view of the
Himalayan ranges along with a traditional Newari settlement. The Devisthan hill
is the highest point in Dhulikhel and is renowned for viewing sunrise and sunset.
For the facility of the visitors, there are plenty of accommodation services available
ranging from luxurious hotels to simple guest houses with a reasonable price.

Historically, Dhulikhel is a Newar settlement. The Newars are an ethnic group of
Nepal who originally inhabited the Kathmandu valley. They are known for their
outstanding skills of making thing including woodcarving. Such kinds of things
can be seen in all traditional houses around the old town.
Dhulikhel is popular among picnickers as well. People from Kathmandu,
Bhaktapur and Lalitpur often visit Dhulikhel for a picnic. The well managed
picnic sports and the enchanting natural beauty attracts people from around.
The Araniko Highway connects Dhulikhel to the Chinese border Khasa. Khasa
is 85 kilometres north of Dhulikhel. Due to the earthquake in 2015, floods in
Bhotekoshi time and again and the landslide at Jure of Sindhupalanchok has left
the highway out of use at the moment. Most of the tourists who go to Tibet make

124 English Skills Book - 7

an overnight stay at Dhulikel. Dhulikhel’s climate is moderate. It is neither cold
nor hot. Nonetheless, the best time to visit is autumn and winter.

One can easily find public vehicles to Dhulikhel from Kathmandu. Since the 188
kilometres Kathmandu-Banepa-Bardibas Highway passes through Dhulikhel, it
is easy to get vehicles. Dhulikhel is also connected with trekking routes. Namo
Buddha, another tourist destination, is just three to four hours trekking on foot
from Dhulikhel. Some tourists also take a long trekking route from Nagarkot
which takes about seven to eight hours trekking.

Comprehension

24 Find the words from the text and complete the puzzle.

2
1

3 4
5

6

7

Across 8

1. the place where main offices of Down
a place are kept 2. a place to live or stay
3. enough or more than enough
4. not in extreme 5. famous for something

6. excellent or clearly much better

7. very pleasant

8. having a view of a wide area

English Skills Book - 7 125

25 Read the text and write true, false or not given against
the given statements. .

a. Dhulikhel is a popular tourist destination.
b. From Kathmandu Banepa is nearer than Dhulikhel.
c. Araniko Highway is in usable condition at the moment.
d. From Dhulikhel, Namo Buddha is nearer than Nagarkot
e. Two major highways in the country pass through Dhulikhel.

26 Answer the following questions.

a. Where is Dhuilikhel?

b. What is it famous for? What activities can be done here?

c. What has happened to the Araniko Highway?

d. Who are the people basically living in Dhulikhel?

e. How can we reach Dhulikhel? Writing

Describing a place

A description of place should include the following:

a. an introduction in which you give the name and location of the place
and the reason for choosing it to write about

b. a main body in which you describe the main aspects of the place in
detail - for example, when you describe a place you should describe
what you can see and do there as well as give historical facts about it

c. a conclusion which includes your comments or feelings and/or a
recommendation.

Descriptions of places can be found in tourist magazines, travel brochures,
stories, letters, etc. You normally use present tenses to describe a place. You
use past tenses to write about the historical facts

126 English Skills Book - 7

Thus a description of a place will be like the one below

Introduction

Paragraph 1: name, location and the reason for choosing to write about it

Main Body

Paragraphs 2-4

Main aspects in details : things to see or do like shopping, nightlife (like in
Thamel where people work till late night.) restaurants

Conclusion

Final paragraph

Comments or feelings and or recommendation

* The number of main body paragraphs may vary depending on situation.

You can use the given phrases about your town or village:
To describe the location of a place:

- is situated / is located .... - The most famous attraction is ....

- in the south / east / west / south - There is plenty of ....
-east of ....
- The town centre has ....
- is surrounded by
- The nightlife in .... is exciting
- in the centre / heart / middle of .... with ....

- The most fascinating / lively / - The town is well-known for its....
interesting part of the city is...

27 Insert the words or phrases in the correct headings. Can
you add any ideas of your own?

museum, boutique, nightclub, ancient theatre, open-air market, zoo, cafe,
bazaar, temple, art gallery, restaurant, cinema, palaces, souvenir shops,
monument, antique shops, shopping centre, amusement parks, funfair

Things to do Shopping Nightlife

English Skills Book - 7 127

28 Read the article about Gokarna Jungle Resort, and label
the paragraphs with correct headings

• comments / • play golf • enjoy indoors
recommendation
and foods
• things to see and do
outside • name, location, reason for choosing

it

Introduction Gokarna is a small town on the eastern side of Paragraph 1
Kathmandu. Located only a half-hour drive from

Kathmandu downtown, it is a charming jungle .............................

resort and the perfect destination for a peaceful

weekend. .............................

Gokarna has several tourist attractions which are Paragraph 2
worth visiting. Among these is the golf course,
which is the biggest golf course in Nepal. Gokarna’s .............................

most famous attraction is the lively, green and lush

golf course in the peaceful forest. Both young and .............................
old can have fun while admiring the spectacular

Main Body view of the green field. Paragraph 3
There are plenty of places to enjoy around in

Gokarna. You can go on a jungle walk. For that .............................
you must hire a tour guide. There are many foot
trails to walk along the jungle. You can also play .............................

golf if you like.

The sauna and the steams are famous at the resort. Paragraph 4

You can also swim in a warm indoor pool and .............................
enjoy the day. There are several nice restaurants

which offer a variety of international cuisines. .............................

Conclusion Gokarna has something to offer to every visitor. Paragraph 5
Whether you want to spend your time playing and
wandering golf or simply relaxing and enjoying .............................

the fresh air in nature, Gokarna Jungle Resort is

the ideal choice for a day away from the bustling .............................
downtown of Kathmandu.

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29 Write a short description about your village or town.
Plan your writing at first with brainstorming.

Title: .....................................
Introduction: Name, location and reason for choosing it.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Main body:
What can you see?: ............................................................................................
What can you do? ............................................................................................
Conclusion:
Comments and opinions: .........................................................................
......................................................................................................................

Conversation

30 Listen and practise.

Tourist : Hello! Good morning. Can you BaPlaarjuk
tell me the way to the nearest BaInnsatsitthuatlei
park here?

Raju : Good morning. Do you want to
take a bus or walk?

Tourist : I want to walk because nothing
can be seen from the crowded
bus.

Raju : OK, now you are here at
Banasthali. With Banasthali
Institute on your left, walk
along the road till you reach a

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roundabout. Then, take the first left turn. Walk past two junctions.
After a few meters of walk from the second junction, you will see
a park on your left. That’s called the Balaju Park.

Tourist : Thank you. You’ve been very kind to me.

Raju : You’re welcome.

Listening

31 Listen to the conversation and locate where the
traveller is. Then, trace the path with your pencil
according to the direction given to him.

Hospital Pet Fast Food
Shop Restaurant

Bank BookstoreAmar PathSupermarket School
Bhakti Marga
Flower New Road Main Street
Shop
Music Toy Restaurant
Store Store

32 Sit in pairs. Look at the map in Exercise 31 and ask for
directions.

A: Hello. Could you tell me the way to the nearest restaurant from the
music store?

B: Yes. Come out of the music store. Then, turn right. Walk up to the
crossroads. Take the right turn again. Walk past the toy store. The
restaurant is on your right, next to the toy store on New Road Main Street.

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Writing

33 Write a letter to your friend describing a way to your
home from the nearest bus station.

Pronunciation

Word stress : -tion

34 Listen to the following –tion words. You’ll notice
that the stress falls on the syllable right before -tion.

Practise saying each word after the tape.

action attention accommodation identification

congratulation electrification friction contamination

celebration participation administration tuition

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6Lesson Comparing
Things

1 Read, listen and sing.

To compare is to tell how things are the same.
To contrast is to tell how things are different.
To compare is to tell how things are the same.
To contrast is to tell how things are different.

To make it easy, first tell how things are the same.
You can compare people, places, or things.
No matter what, the process is the same.
Take your time so you won’t miss anything.
To compare is to tell how things are the same.....
What does it look like?
Is it big or small?
What is the color?
Does it do anything at all?

Take a look at every part.
Now you are ready to start.
Make a list if you can
Or draw a Venn diagram
To compare is to tell how things are the same....
Don’t forget to tell everything.
To show why they are not the same
If you think there’s something you’ve missed,
Go back to your diagram or your list.
To compare is to tell how things are the same....

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Comprehension

2 Answer these questions.

a. How shall we compare and contrast the things or places or people?

b. How can we be sure that we don’t miss the things while comparing
and contrasting?

Reading

3 Read and learn.
Egyptian Pyramids and Mayan Pyramids

People have made strange things at different places. Among them, the
gigantic pyramids are some strange human construction. In the history,
people in Egypt built the largest pyramids in the world. However,
pyramids were constructed in Mexico by Mayan people, too. There are
some similarities and differences between these pyramids.

Both the Mayan and the Egyptian pyramids are Egyptian Pyramid
enormous and they stand as memorials to the
ancient civilizations. The Mayans built shrines,
temples and pyramids in honour of their gods
and their kings. Most of the Mayan pyramids
were temples to the gods. The Mayans did
sometimes bury their rulers, but a temple always
remained on the top of the pyramid no matter
what.

Egyptian pyramids were primarily built as the
burial site for their rulers. Although they had built
temples also, but the temples would be somewhere
near the pyramid or next to it. Temples were made
for ceremonial purposes. They were not placed on
top of the structure like that of the Mayan pyramids.
Egypt’s pyramids come to a point at the top whereas
Mayan pyramids were purposefully constructed Mayan Pyramid

with a platform to have a temple and shrines built at the top of them. Also
Mayan pyramids were not pyramidal. Although they also have a polygonal
base like the Egyptian pyramids, they don’t have a pointed apex.

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The Mayan people used their pyramids for worship but Egyptians never
did so because they didn’t want to disturb their king who was taking rest
in the pyramid after death. Furthermore, the Mayan people coloured their
pyramids with different colours but the Egyptian people never coloured
their pyramids.

The building materials are also different in these pyramids. The Mayans
used the limestone to make the pyramids and they didn’t make use of metal
tools to shape the stone there. In contrast to that, the Egyptians used copper
tools and saws to shape the stones for their pyramids.

Comprehension

4 Complete the Venn diagram with similarities and
differences between Egyptian and Mayan pyramids.

Egyptian pyramids Mayan pyramids

have a
polygonal base

5 Answer the following questions.

a. Why did the Mayan people make the pyramids?
b. Why did the Mayan people leave a platform on the top of their

pyramids?
c. What did the Mayan people use to build the pyramids? In what way

was the work easier for them than that of the Egyptian people?
d. How were the Egyptian benefited while constructing the pyramids?

Did they have any metal tools?
e. Why didn’t the Egyptians conduct ceremonies in the pyramids?

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Vocabulary

6 Match the words with meanings.

a. enormous ........... top

b. platform ........... a place for worship

c. apex ........... to put dead body under the ground

d. shrine ........... gigantic or huge or extremely large

e. bury ........... a place where something is

f. memorial ........... a flat raised area

g. site ........... something that is constructed in
honour of somebody

Listening

7 Listen and fill in the gaps.

A : Have you heard of Switzerland, a country in Europe?
B : Yes, plenty. Both Nepal and Switzerland

are............countries. Both of them have
many ............ and ............... . Nepal
has the Himalayas, Switzerland has the
............ .
A : Well, are there any more differences and
similarities?
B : Fine, none of these countries touches the
............ . They are landlocked countries.
A : They seem to be similar. How about their
flags? Are they also similar?
B : Yes. In a way they are similar as both the
flags are .............. . Both have ............ and

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............ ............ . But the Nepali flag is triangular and the flag of
Switzerland is ............ in shape.
A : How about population?
B : Nepal is far .............. populated than Switzerland. Nepal has
a population of about ............... whereas Switzerland has a
population of about ...................... .
A : Thank you for so much information.
B : You’re welcome. If you have any questions, come to me.

8 Sit in pairs and talk about your houses, villages or towns.
Try to find our similarities and differences.

Grammar

both, neither, one of, all of and none of

We use both, neither, either when we are talking about two people or things.
Both my parents go to office. Or Both of my parents go to office.
Both of us were tired.
Both the shirt and the T-shirt were untidy.
All of my work is finished.
All of my friends are kind.
Some of my homework is left to be done.
Some of my friends are coming to my birthday party.
One of my friends is very good at writing stories.
None of the water was safe for drinking.
None of the students were late for the class.
Three of the students were absent from the class today.
Most of the students in the class have black hair.
All the students are wearing uniform except Rohan.

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We use some of / most of / none of etc. + the / this / that / these / those
/ my etc. So we can say ‘some of the students or some of those students´
but not some of students.

We say all of us / all of you / half of it / half of them etc. We cannot leave
out of before it / us / you / them.

Both is used to talk about just two things. But all / none / most / some are
used to talk about several things.
Note the verbs:
All / most/ some/ three/ both of + plural noun + plural verb
All / some of + uncountable noun + singular verb
One of + plural noun + singular verb

9 Choose the correct verb and complete the sentences.

a. All of that money .................... (is / are) mine.

b. All of the windows .................... (is / are) open.

c. We saw five movies. Some of the movies .................... (was / were)
interesting.

d. Half of the glass .................... (is / are) empty.

e. Half of the pockets .................... (is / are) empty.

f. Most of the students .................... (arrives / arrive) on time.

g. One of my best friends .................... (lives / live) in Australia.

h. Some of the students in my class .................... (have / has) laptop
computers.

i. One of the students in this class ................... (have / has) a
moustache.

j. None of the letters .................... (is / are) for you.

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Speaking

10 Answer the questions in complete sentences. Use any

expression of quantity (all of, most of, some of, a lot of,
one of, three of, etc.).

How many of the people in this room are wearing shoes?
All of the people in this room are wearing shoes.
How many of us are wearing blue jeans?
None of us are wearing blue jeans.

a. How many people in this class
have short / long hair?

b. How many of the students in
this class have red grammar
books?

c. How many of us are sitting
down?

d. How many of your classmates
are from another district?

e. How many of the people in this
room can speak English?

f. How many of the girls in this class are wearing earrings?
g. What is one of your favourite TV programmes?
h. How many of the people in this city are friendly?
i. Who is one of the most famous people in the world?
j. How many of the teachers in this school are married?
k. How many of the boys are wearing watches?

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11 Look at the pictures below. Find the similarities and
differences in the pictures.

I.

AB
Both pictures are similar. In both the pictures, we can see a house, a
tractor, a cow, a tree and two clouds. There is a hill at the background…
There are differences too. The house in picture A has three windows
whereas the house in picture B has only two windows….
II. There are at least seven differences. Sit in pairs and have a competition

to note down the differences.

AB

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Conversation

12 Listen and practise.

Bhuwan : That’s it! You can’t win me! I’m the best player.

Jenish : You mean you’re the
noisiest player!

Bhuwan : Hey! I’ve got good
techniques! I think
faster and I have a better
memory than you do! I
plan more carefully and I
play more seriously than
you! I’m the smartest
here! I can’t help it.

Jenish : Sorry! Check mate! I win.

Lalita : You also have the biggest mouth, Bhuwan!

Grammar

Adjectives and adverbs of manner

Our toenails grow Human teeth are An ostrich’s eye is
four times more slowly as hard as rocks. bigger than its brain.
than our fingernails.

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eq

The giant squid, a Hot water is lighter The most common
strange wild animal, than cold water. letter in English is ‘e’
has the largest eyes in and the least common

the world. is ‘q’.

Here in the above sentences hard, bigger, largest, heavier, common or
common are adjectives whereas slowly is an adverb of manner.

Adjectives describe nouns but adverbs of manner tell how something is
done or happens. That means adjectives add meaning to nouns and adverbs
add meaning to verbs.

Both adjectives and adverbs have comparative and superlative forms.

13 Do you need an adverb or an adjective to complete the
sentences? Underline the correct one.

a. Sohan plays the piano beautiful / beautifully.
b. He is a wise / wisely man.
c. Did you sleep good / well?
d. He looked at me angry / angrily.
e. This is a bad / badly idea.
f. Jaya is always dressed fashionable / fashionably.
g. She has a warm / warmly smile.
h. I’m speaking serious / seriously now.
i. You are a very fortunate / fortunately young man.

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Spelling

Normally, the comparative form of an adjective is formed by adding –er
and the superlative by adding –est.

rich - richer - richest clean - cleaner - cleanest

If an adjective ends in –e, the comparative is formed by adding only –r
while the superlative is formed by adding only –st.

large - larger - largest nice - nicer - nicest

Adjectives having only one syllable and ending in a vowel + a consonant
double their final consonant in both the comparative and the superlative.

hot - hotter - hottest fat - fatter - fattest

If an adjective ends in –y, the ending –y is replaced in the comparative by
the ending –ier and in the superlative by the ending –iest.

heavy - heavier - heaviest easy - easier - easiest

More or less is used to make comparative and most or least to make
superlative if the adjectives have more than two syllables.

dangerous - more/ less dangerous - most/ least dangerous

comfortable - more/ less comfortable - most/ least comfortable

14 Complete the table by writing the comparative and
superlative forms of the adjectives.

Adjective Comparative Superlative
cold
friendly
pretty
expensive

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tired
big
thin
wide
close

15 Read, learn and complete the table below by supplying
the comparative and superlative forms of the given
adverbs.

For adverbs formed by adding the ending -ly, the comparative is formed
by using the word more or less before the adverb. The superlative is formed
by using the word most or least before the adverb.

Some adverbs don’t have regular comparative and superlative forms.

badly - worse - worst well - better - best hard - harder - hardest

Adverb Comparative Superlative
quickly
slowly
easily
seriously
carefully
fast
well

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Grammar

16 Check your general knowledge.

a. Which is bigger, China or India?
b. Which is the largest country in North America?
c. Which is the longest river of Nepal?
d. Which district is larger by area, Bhaktapur or Jumla?
e. Is diamond more expensive than gold?
f. What is the smallest national park in Nepal?
g. Is Kathmandu less populated than Pokhara?
h. What is the tallest mountain in the world?
i. Which is the fastest land animal?
j. Which animal is the heaviest?

Ways to make comparisons

We use the comparative form of adjectives to
compare two people, animals or things. We
usually use than with the comparative forms.

Modern cars are faster than old cars.

We use the superlative form of adjectives to say
something is unique by comparison. We put
article the in front of the superlative .

The Nile is the longest river in the world.

There are other ways of making comparisons as
well.

If we are comparing two people, animals or things and wish to show that
they are the same, we use as + adjective + as. In this case, the adjective
remains in its original form.

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He is as tall as his brother.
If we are comparing two people, animals or things and wish to show that
they are not the same, we use not so + adjective + as or not as + adjective + as.
Our house is not as big as your house.

17 Complete with the comparative or the superlative.

a. I’m older than (old) my sister.
b. That was ....................................................... (happy) day of my life. I had

never been happier than before.
c. Kathmandu is ................................................ ( big) city in Nepal.
d. Shilpa isn’t a very good student. Her marks are ......................................

.............. (bad) mine.
e. A rat is ..................................................... (big) a mouse.
f. This film is ........................................... (funny) the one we saw yesterday.

There was not much fun yesterday.
g. I think football is the .................................... (exciting) sport in the world.
h. Wow! This is the ................................ (beautiful) house I have ever seen.

18 Complete the sentences using as … as or not so … as.

a. Madhu is as tall as (tall) Mani. Both of them are six feet tall.
b. Our house is not so big as (big) yours. We live in a small house.

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c. Mr Thapa is .................................... (old) Mr Mr Thapa
Karki. Once they were classmates.
Mr Karki
d. Manila is .................................... (beautiful)
Manita. Both of them are good-looking. Reading

e. Cats are .................................... (friendly) dogs.
Dogs love human companionship.

f. The blue T-shirt is .................................... (nice)
the red one. I like the red one.

g. This game is .................................... (good) that
one. Both are interesting.

h. Your car is .................................... (fast) ours.
We can drive faster than you.

19 Read and learn.
The House on Mango Street

We didn’t always live on Mango Street. Before that, we lived on Loomis and
before that we lived on Keeler. Before Keerler, it was Paulina and before
that I can’t remember, but what I remember most is moving a lot. Each time
it seemed there would be one more of us. By the time we got to Mango
Street, we were six—Mama, Papa, Carlos, Kiki, my sister Nenny and me.

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The house on Mango Street is ours. We don’t have to pay rent to anybody
or share the yard with the people downstairs or be careful not to make
too much noise. And there isn’t a landlord banging on the ceiling with a
broom. Even so, it’s not the house we thought we’d get.

They always told us that one day we would move into a house, a real house
that would be ours so we wouldn’t have to move each year. And our house
would have running water and pipes that worked. And inside, it would
have stylish stairs, like the houses on TV. And we’d have a basement and
at least three washrooms so when we took a bath we wouldn’t have to tell
everybody. Our house would be white with trees around it, a great big yard
and grass growing without a fence. This was the house Mama dreamed up
in the stories she told us before we went to bed.

But the house on Mango Street is not the way they told it at all. It’s small and
red with tight steps in front and windows so small you’d think they were
holding their breath. There is no front yard. Out back is a small garage for
the car we don’t own yet. There are stairs in the house, but they’re ordinary
stairs and the house has only one washroom. Everybody has to share a
bedroom—Mama and Papa, Carlos and Kiki, me and Nenny.

From The House on Mango Street

By Sandra Cisneros

Comprehension

20 Which of these things did the writer’s dream house
have? Underline.

a swimming pool a balcony running water

a games room stylish stairs a cellar (basement)

three bathrooms (washrooms) a big garden (yard) with trees

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21 Answer the following questions.

a. How many places has the girl lived in?
b. Where did she live before Mango Street?
c. Why did the girl want at least three bathrooms?
d. Who did Mama talk to about her dream house?
e. What do you think the biggest problem with the house on Mango

Street was?

Vocabulary

22 Here are the names of different types of houses and
rooms. Choose and write.

cottage flat mansion wood cabin
palace attic bathroom dining room
hut cellar hall games room
bedroom thatched house sitting room

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23 Write the purpose of each of the following parts or things
in your house.

spare bedroom: We need a spare bedroom so that any guest can
air conditioning: come to our house and sleep there.

We need air conditioning so that we can keep
cool in summer and warm in winter.

garage cellar balcony bathroom kitchen
garden in front of the house
commode indoor swimming pool

English Skills Book - 7 149

Writing

24 Think about your dream house. Note down the following
things.

a. What type of house would you like to build?
b. Where would you like to build the house?
c. What materials would you need to build it?
d. How many rooms will be there?
e. What type of rooms would you like to make?
f. Why would you construct such types of rooms?
g. What special features would there be?
h. Would there be solar system for lighting?
i. Would it be earthquake proof?
j. Who else would be living in that house along with you?

25 Write a description of your dream house. First see the
sample below.

Paragraph 1 : introduction—location / kind of house
Paragraph 2 : rooms—what rooms, where they are
Paragraph 3 : special features of the house
Paragraph 4 : conclusion—why you want to live there

1. Introduction
My house is quite a large house situated in middle of the city and it has a large
garden. The house is very modern and is specially designed to save energy and
to go green.

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