English Skills 7

7. Complete the jokes with the appropriate modal verbs. Be
careful about ability and lack of ability.

a. A : My father ............ lift a pig with one hand. .......... your dad do that?

B : I’m not sure. Where do you get a pig with one hand?

b. A : What do you call a man with no ears?

B : Anything you like because he .............. hear you.

c. A : What .............. you make that you .............. see?

B : I don’t know.

A : A noise.

d. A : Why were you hitting your dog with a chair?

B : Because I .............. lift the table.

e. Librarian : Please be quiet. The other people in here .............. read.

Vicky : Oh, what a pity. I .............. read when I was six.

g. Rishi : Namaste aunty. .............. Sunny come out to play?

Aunty : I’m afraid he ............... He’s sick and he’s in bed.

Rishi : Oh, .............. his bike come out to play?

8. Read the following text. Here are five errors in expressions of
ability. Mark them. Then rewrite the text, correcting them.

Today in my Personality Development class, I learned about work styles:
Drivers and Enthusiasts. I feel I’m a Driver so I can make decisions but
I’m not able listen to others’ ideas. The Enthusiasts in my group can
communicates well but I can’t depend on them. Now, I understand what
went wrong last time when I couldn’t got on with my team. I though that
they all talked too much and did not able to work effectively. I can do a lot
more on my own but some jobs are too big for that. Our teacher says that
soon the Driver will able to listen and the Enthusiasts can make decisions.

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Listening

9. Tina is speaking to her mum on the phone. Look at her ‘To-do’ list
for last weekend. Listen and tick (√)the things that she was able
to/managed to do and cross (x) the ones she wasn’t able to/didn’t
manage to do.

To-do list

1. wash clothes
2. join a gym
3. open a bank account
4. buy some new clothes for work
5. phone Kristee
6. buy a second-hand scooter
7. watch the new James Bond movie
8. buy some new books
9. send an email to Pinky
10. go to the hairdresser’s

Speaking

10. Sit in groups of five. See the conversation in Exercise 3. Then
talk about abilities and lack of abilities among your friends.
Then, report to the class what your friends can do or cannot
do.

11. Here are some professionals. What can they do? Discuss.

a. a writer b. a pilot c. an interpreter d. a musician
g. a caregiver h. a magician
e. a fisherman f. a director k. a potter l. a cricketer

i. an astronaut j. a mason

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Reading

12. Read and learn.

The Man Who Thinks He Can

“If you think you are beaten, you are -By Walter D. Wintle
If you think you dare not, you don't,
If you like to win, but you think you can't
It is almost certain you won't.

If you think you'll lose, you're lost
For out of the world we find,
Success begins with a fellow's will
It's all in the state of mind.

If you think you are outclassed, you are
You've got to think high to rise,
You've got to be sure of yourself before
You can ever win a prize.

Life's battles don't always go
To the stronger or faster man,
But soon or late the man who wins
Is the man WHO THINKS HE CAN!”

Comprehension

13. From the poem, find the words similar in meaning to the
following.

a. defeated b. sure

c. starts d. person

e. condition f. became much better than someone

g. war h. more powerful

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14. Answer the following questions.

a. What happens if we think we are defeated?
b. Where does the success begin from?
c. According to the poet, what should we do before we start to dream of

a prize?
d. What does the poet compare the life with?
e. As per the poet, who is ultimately destined to win?
f. Do you agree with the poet? Does our mind-set have anything to do

with our winning or losing in our life?
g. Share a time when you had a highly positive mind-set and achieved

your goal.

Grammar

Clauses of reason

Clauses of reason answer why-questions. They give reason or cause behind
something. We introduce these clauses with because, since, as or so... that,
etc.

He couldn’t get dressed by himself because he was very young.
We cancelled the picnic because it was raining.
Because it was raining, we cancelled the picnic
Since he was very young, he couldn’t get dressed by himself.
Since it was raining, we cancelled the picnic.
We hurried to the theatre as we didn’t want to miss the show.
Kiran didn’t know the time since he had forgotten his watch.
He was so young that he couldn’t get dressed by himself.
It was so hot that we couldn’t stay outside.
To state reasons we can also use because of or due to. In this case, we use a
noun phrase after because of and due to.

254 English Skills Book - 7 Approved by the Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur

Because of rain, we cancelled the picnic.
Due to rain, we cancelled the picnic.
We couldn’t stay outside because of the heat.
We use so at the beginning of consequences unlike the other connectors.
She had been waiting for three hours, so she was angry.

15. Complete the sentences with because, because of, so or as.

a. The dog could not run _______________its leg was hurt.
b. We could save the girl ________________we had taken her to hospital

in time.
c. We were not able to perform the show ___________the power cut.
d. __________ there was a traffic jam, I was unable to arrive in time.
e. ______________the bad weather, the pilot could not land the plane.
f. I cannot solve this problem on my own ____________ I am asking you.
g. He cannot find a way to reach here ____________ he has never been

here before.
h. I have never used this new machine ____________I can’t fix it.

16. Join each pair of the sentences using the connector given in the
brackets.

a. She had been waiting for three hours. She was angry. (because)
b. He asked for my help. He couldn’t do it by himself. (so)
c. It was too cold outside. We couldn’t stay outside. (so...that)
d. I couldn’t concentrate. There was an awful noise. (because of)
e. The road was blocked. There was an accident. (due to)
f. Everything went wrong. There was a silly mistake. (because of)
g. They were late. There was a traffic jam.

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Speaking

17. Find someone who can and can’t or could and couldn’t do the
following and ask the reason for their ability and inability.

a. Someone who could not come to school yesterday.
b. Someone who could not do their math.
c. Someone who can swim.
d. Someone who can’t give you a notebook for a day.
e. Someone who couldn’t call yesterday.
f. Someone who can’t draw pictures.

Reading

18. Read and learn.

The Gift of the Magi

It was a day before Christmas and it was James and Della’s first Christmas
as a married couple. Early in the morning, Della said goodbye to James as
he left their tiny flat for work. He turned round, smiled at her and stroked
her long, straight brown hair. He
wasn’t broad-shouldered or very
good-looking. In fact, he was kind
of short and plump, but he was her
‘Jim’ – poor, maybe, but she loved
him because he was kind, patient
and generous. “I love that hair!”
said Jim (as he always did) and
Della went inside.

Della took out her purse. In it was
one dollar and eighty-seven cents.

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It was all she had in the world and
she felt like crying – not because she
didn’t have enough to eat (they were
poor, but not that poor) but because
she wanted to buy Jim a really special
Christmas present. It wasn’t possible
with less than two dollars.

Della went into town. She stopped to
look in the jeweller’s window. There
was a silver hair clasp she’d always wanted and then she saw a beautiful
gold-watch chain. That was it! Jim had a watch, his favourite possession. It
had been his father’s, but it didn’t have a chain. She went in and asked how
much the chain was. Five dollars! She walked out, almost in tears. How
was she going to find the rest of the money?

As she walked sadly down the street she saw a sign outside another shop:
“We buy hair.” She looked at her long hair in her reflection in the window.
She took a deep breath and went in.

Jim came home that evening, whistling happily. In his hand was the present
he’d brought for Della. He went in the flat and called her name. He gasped
in surprise when Della came out of the bedroom, her hair cropped short
and spiky. She ran to him and asked him not to be angry with her. Then
she said, “I can’t wait until tomorrow. I must give it to you immediately.
Merry Christmas!” and gave him the present. Jim unwrapped it, smiled
and sat down. Della told him why she’d had her hair cut off. “I sold my
hair to buy the chain. Jim – why are you smiling like that? Don’t you like
your present?”

Jim looked at her. “It’s wonderful – and I’m still in love with you, with or
without the hair. But look, here’s your present.” Della didn’t know what to
think when she saw the silver hair clasp. “Oh Jim, thank you – and it’s OK,
I can grow my hair again. But... how did you get the money for this?”

Jim smiled again. “Let’s just put our presents away, Della and have dinner.
They are too nice to use just at present. I sold the watch to get the money to
buy your hair clip.”

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Comprehension

19. State whether the following statements are ‘true’ or ‘false’.
Correct the false statements.

a. Della loved Jim because he was broad-shouldered and good-looking.
b. Della felt like crying because she didn’t have enough money to eat.
c. Della bought a silver hair clasp from the jeweller’s window.
d. Della sold her hair because she didn’t have enough money to buy a

chain for a watch.
e. Jim was angry when he saw Della’s short hair.
f. Jim liked the present Della had bought for him.

20. Answer the following questions.

a. Describe Jim.
b. Why did Della want to buy the gold chain?
c. Why was Jim surprised when he came home?
d. What did Della tell Jim when he came home?
e. How do you think Jim got the money for buying the silver clasp for

Della?

21. Find words in the passage that mean the following.

a. rounded and somewhat overweight
b. move hands gently over something
c. having narrow and sharp points
d. taking off the wrapping of something
e. something owned

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22. Find the antonyms of the following words from the story.

a. short : ...........................................................

b. cruel : ...........................................................

c. ugly : ...........................................................

d. rich : ...........................................................

e. shallow : ...........................................................

f. sadly : ...........................................................

g. calm : ...........................................................

h. awful : ...........................................................

23. Two words in the list have the same meaning as the headwords.
Circle the words.

a. present : gift souvenir benevolence
belongings partner
b. possession : property mean kind
grow prune
c. generous : unselfish marvellous astonishing

d. crop : cut

e. wonderful : peculiar

Pronunciation

Rhyming words

24. There are 10 rows of words below. Only two words in each row are
rhyming words. Which are they? First read and tick. Then, listen
and check.

AB CD

door flour moor hour

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tomb bomb womb comb
wallet ballet chalet Kate
of tough puff dove
leapt debt left met
lead said maid bid
aisle file hazel fizzle
lease dish please increase
bough cough trough rough
wear ware were wore

Writing

Writing a fable

What is a fable?
A fable is a story that teaches a moral lesson. The moral is usually written at
the end of the story. In many fables, animals speak and act as humans do.
All cultures have such stories. They are handed down from generation to
generation orally.

25. You might have heard of this story before. Now complete the
story using the given outlines.

A king unhappy—his people lazy—wants to teach lesson—puts a boulder
in the middle of the road—businessmen pass and go round it—an officer
driving his car passes and goes around—a soldier comes cycling, does the
same—all curse the stone and blame the government—the king comes with
some soldiers—orders to remove it—people come to see it—under it is an
iron box, marked “For the person who removes the stone.” —inside—a
purse full of gold—people ashamed—lesson

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26. Read and learn.

Nepal thump Oman by seven wickets in

Whatmore’s farewell

The Kathmandu Post Sports Bureau team in January by CAN, resigned from
his post last month and it will be his
Kathmandu, 20 September
last match with the
Bowlers Karan KC and national team.
Sandeep Lamichhane
shone for Nepal as they It was also the first
registered a thumping ODI victory of Nepal
seven-wicket victory over Oman in their
over Oman to grab four encounters. In
their first ever One- their first match of
Day International the Series on Tuesday,
(ODI) victory over the Nepal had gone
hosts in their ICC World Cup League 2 down to the hosts by five wickets. Oman
match at the Al Amerat cricket ground in had defeated Nepal by six wickets and
Muscat on Sunday. eight wickets respectively in their first
two matches of the League 2 at the TU
Inviting Oman to bat first after winning cricket grounds in Kirtipur in February
the toss, Nepal never let Oman settle well 2020.
with the bat. Medium pacer KC and star
leg spinner Lamichhane grabbed four Chasing the target, opener Aasif Sheikh
wickets each to restrict the home side at and captain Gyanendra Malla shared a
121 runs in 37.1 overs in a perfect farewell 95-run stand for the second wicket after
for coach Dav Whatmore. In reply, Nepal Kushal Bhurtel departed for six runs.
chased the target in 18.2 overs losing Malla scored an unbeaten 52 runs off 46
three wickets after captain Gyanendra deliveries that included four boundaries
Malla scored a half century. and two sixes. Aasif contributed 40 runs
from 44 deliveries. He hit seven fences
Nepal had made two changes in their before being caught by Kalemullah off
playing lineup replacing Kushal Malla Nestro Dhamba in the 16th over. Rohit
and Gulshan Jha with veteran Sharad Paudel was bowled by Dhamba for six
Vesawkar and Aarif Sheikh and that paid runs while Vesawkar was unbeaten on
off. Vesawkar, a middle order batsman one run.
and part-time bowler, claimed two
wickets. With the win, Nepal climbed two spots

The World Cup winning coach Whatmore, up to fourth position in the League 2
assigned as the mentor of Nepal’s men
standings with eight points from as many
Approved by the Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur
matches. Adapted from Kathmandu Post

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Comprehension

27. Answer the following questions.

a. What is the headline of the news?
b. When was the newspaper prepared?
c. Where was it prepared?
d. Which country won the match by what margin?
e. As per the news story, who were the key players in winning the

match?
f. What is the name of the tournament?
g. Who were the players who could make a significant contribution to

the team in batting?
h. Who was the coach and why was it special for him?
i. Who were the Nepali Batsmen who got out in the game?
j. What is the position of Nepal in the tournament? How many matches

has Nepal played till date?

28. Find the words from the text that have similar meanings.

a. very big or important b. win

c. saying goodbye d. took

e. went away or left f. without being defeated

g. loss h. occasions when two teams play

29. Find the full form of the given abbreviations.

a. ICC b. ODI c. CAN d. TU

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Writing

News story

The Lead: The most important information [who? what? where? when?
why? how?] (Answer as many questions as possible.) Write one or two

sentences in about 30 words.

The Body: The crucial information and details
Put descriptions, quotations, and explain the details

here with necessary arguments.

The Ending: Extra information
Interesting facts or data related to

it, similar things that
happened before or

are going to
happen
next.

While writing a news story, you must write the most important information
first. You should try to answer 5 Ws and 1 H as far as possible. Before you
start writing, you should first list the information. Your first paragraph or
the lead should not be too long. It can be written in one or two sentences
within 30 words.

The next part of the news story is the body. The body gives details. It
includes at least a quotation or description of scene and other aspects. It can
be more than two or three paragraphs. We should change the paragraph if
we are quoting different persons or changing the reference.

News stories often end with some extra information. For an example,
if you are talking about an accident, you may include if similar type of
accidents had happened before at the same spot or if the government is
doing something related to it. Some short news stories may skip this part.

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30. Read the news story about the arrest of the three pigs and
write the numbers to match the parts of the news story.

Pigs arrested over B. Wolf’s death 1

By Suyog Khanal 2

Piggy Villa, May 6 3
4 A group of three pigs were
arrested for the murder of Mr. B.

Wolf today.

At 9:13 pm, the police arrived at Three little pig presented at court 6
the brick house of the three little
pigs and arrested them. The pigs who treated Mr. Wolf, had this to
were bundled into an armoured car say: “Mr. Wolf barely had the puff
under gun-point. to blow up a balloon, he could never
have blown down a house!” 5
Mrs Wolf, devastated at her
husband’s murder, said that she Meanwhile, The Swine Federation
was just glad that the pigs would has issued a press statement
be brought to justice and Mr. demanding unconditional release
Bigbad Wolf would be cleared 7 of the three little pigs. The press
of all charges. note states that the pigs have been
threatened by Mr. Wolf and it was an
The pigs had framed Mr. Wolf for accident that he fell into the boiling
the destruction of their properties pot while he was hunting the pigs in
and boiled him in a pot. They their own house.
claimed it was self defence as the
wolf had blown down the pigs’ The hearing of the case will be held
houses and tried to eat them. in the animal court on 20 May 2018.

After this, evidence came to light 8
that Bigbad had asthma. A doctor,

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a. Lead ________ b. Caption ________

c. Byline ________ d. Headline ________

e. Ending ________ f. Quotation ________

g. Body ________ h. Dateline ________

31. Here are definitions of the terms given in Exercise 23. Write
the terms in the given spaces to match the definitions.

a. The ..........................................is the title of a news story.
b. The ..........................................tells who wrote the news story.
c. The .......................................... introduces the story and gives the most

important news.
d. The .......................................... of the story answers questions and adds

more details for the reader.
e. A ..........................................explains a photo or an illustration that

accompanies a story.
f. A good ..........................................gives the story a personal feeling and

makes it more reliable.

g. The ..........................................states the date of when the news story
was written or where the news story was written.

h. The ..........................................of a news story tells what next will happen
or tells something to remember.

32. Read and rewrite the given headlines.

Headlines tell us what the news is about. English news headlines are written
in special ways. They are not always complete sentences.

More holidays cut / Bus fare rise
We generally use present tense even for past events.

US-Bangla plane crash kills 49 / Nepal gets ICC ODI status

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We generally do not use articles and auxiliary verbs in headlines especially
when they are in passive forms.

15 killed in bus mishap / Paras Khadka awarded
a. 5 people were arrested yesterday

.......................................... ..........................................
b. Sandeep Lamichhane took 5 wickets to give a win to the team

.......................................... ..........................................
c. The student council is meeting tomorrow.

.......................................... ..........................................

33. Note the answers to the journalist’s questions ‘who, what,
where, when, why and how’ from the given leads. Each lead
may not have all the details.

Example : A runaway jailbird robbed a supermarket at Nayabazaar
Monday evening threatening the sales clerk with a knife.

Who? A runaway jailbird
What ? robbed supermarket
Where? Nayabazaar
When? Monday evening
Why? Not apparent ( not given)
How? By threatening the sales clerk with a knife

a. A homeless man was found dead in a snow-covered parking lot
Wednesday morning as the temperature fell below freezing for the
first time this winter, the police said.

Who?
What ?
Where?
When?
Why?
How?

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34. Write a lead of the news story using each set of the given
details.

a. b.

Who? 9000 people Who? Students of grade 7
What ? died What ? Were taken to the central
Where? in central Nepal
When? on 25 April Where? zoo
Why? earthquake When? in Jawalakhel
How? tumbling house Why? on Friday afternoon
causing landslides to study about animal
How? behaviours
Not mentioned

35. Use the given outlines and write a news story of your own.

Seventh graders of XYZ academy ............... organise a cycling
programme............... to raise fund ...............100 cyclists participated
............... many other community members came ............... students
will buy books and give to needy ............... special programme to be
held on Children’s Day at ABC School .

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14 Describing height
weight and distance

Listening

1. Listen and sing.

Blowin' in the wind

-By Bob Dylan

How many roads must a man walk down
Before you call him a man?
Yes, n how many seas must a white dove sail
Before she sleeps in the sand?
Yes, n how many times must the cannon balls fly
Before they're forever banned?
The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind,
The answer is blowin' in the wind.
How many years can a mountain exist
Before it’s washed to the sea?
Yes, n how many years can some people exist
Before they're allowed to be free?
Yes, n how many times can a man turn his head,
Pretending he just doesn't see?
The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind,
The answer is blowin' in the wind.
How many times must a man look up
Before he can see the sky?
Yes, n how many ears must one man have
Before he can hear people cry?
Yes, n how many deaths will it take till he knows
That too many people have died?
The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind,
The answer is blowin' in the wind.

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The song was written by Bob Dylan in 1962. It is considered a protest
song. The song asks several rhetorical questions about peace, war and
freedom but gives no answer saying the answer is blowing in the wind.
Several artists have performed this song. A link for the song performed
by Peter, Paul and Mary is here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ld6fAO4idaI

2. Discuss.

a. How many questions does the speaker in the song asks?
b. Do you have any specific answer to these questions?
c. ‘The answer is blowing in the wind’, the refrain of the song comes up

so many times. What do you think it means? Does it mean the answer
is so obvious or does it mean the answer is so elusive?

Conversation

3. Sit in groups of three and practise the dialogue.

Anish: Hi, Binisha. Let me ask you a few questions if you are aware of
yourself.

Binisha: OK!
Anish: How tall are you?
Binisha: 4 ft 8 inches.
Anish: Impressive! How heavy

are you?
Binisha: 40 kg.
Anisha: How long is your hair?
Binisha: About 40 cm, the longest one.
Anish: How much money do you bring for snacks?
Binisha: About Rs. 40 each day.

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Anish: How far is your house from school?
Binish: Not much. It is just about 40 m from here.
Anish: How old are you?
Binisha: Why do you need that?
Kamal: She must be 40 as she has everything in 40.
Binisha: You are teasing me! I won’t answer, now!

Sit in pairs and talk about each other.

Listening

4. Look at the pictures and discuss the questions.

a. Can you guess which lake this is?
b. Can you guess where it is?

5. Listen and fill in the gaps. Fill no more than a number or
maximum of two words in each gap.

a. The name of the lake is _______________
b. It lies in _______________.
c. The lake is situated at an altitude of _____________
d. It holds _____________million litres of water.

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e. The lake has maximum length of ___________kilometres, maximum
width of ____kilometres and average depth of ______metres.

f. Its covers an area of ______________square kilometres.

g. Trek to lake is popular as a side hike fo the _______________________
Trek.

h. The altitude of Thorongla Pass is ________________.

6. Listen again and answer the following questions.

a. How far is Tilicho lake from Pokhara if measured in a straght line?

b. How many additional days the trekkers of the Annapurna Circuit
need to spend to reach Tilocho lake?

c. How long does it take to reach the lake from Tilocho base camp?

d. Three trekkers had scuba dive in Tilicho lake in 2000 AD. Where
were they from?

e. As per the Hindu legend, what is the ancient name of the lake?

7. Listen again and write if the following statements are true
or false.

a. The lake is made up of fresh water.

b. The lake is rich in marine life.

c. Tilicho holds the record of being the highest ever altitude for scuba
dives.

d. As per the legend, the story of Ramayana was narrated to someone
near the lake Tilicho.

e. As per the Hindu legend, the first listener of the story of Ramayana
was a crow.

f. In Sanskrit Garuda means Kak.

g. The one who told the story was actully a sage, Kag Bhusundi, not a
bird.

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Speaking

8. Look at these two interesting bridges in Nepal. Look at the
details as well. Then describe them in your own words. You
can see a lake in the picture. Guess its name, research and
describe it.

New Muglin Bridge Dodhara Chandani Bridge

Location: Muglin Bazaar of Location: Kanchanpur district in
Chitwan in Bagmati Province Sudurpaschim province over the
over the Trishuli River Mahakali River

Connects: Muglin Bazaar and Connects: Dodhara and
Aabukhaireni of Tanahu Chandani Type: Suspension

Type: Concrete, Arch bridge Length : 1496.5 m
(second of its kind in Nepal)
Width: 5.2 ft
Length : 160 m
Design: Nepali Engineers
Width: double lane
Tower Height 32.73 metre
Design: Nepali Engineers
Use: pedestrians, bikes and
Purpose : Vehicles (over 20, 000 bicycles
vehicles per day)
Competed year: 2005
Load bearing capacity: 70
tonnes

Warranty : 80 years

Competed year: 2018

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Reading

9. Read and learn.

Lake Baikal

Lake Baikal also known as Ozero Baykal is located in the south-eastern
part of Siberia, Russia. It is the deepest continental body of water with the
depth of 1620 metres. It covers an area of 31,500 square km. This lake is
roughly 636 km long and 48 km wide. This lake is not only the deepest but
also the world’s oldest and largest freshwater lake by volume, containing
almost one-fifth of the fresh water on Earth’s surface (almost 23,000 cubic
km). There are more than 330 rivers and streams that flow into Lake Baikal.
However, the only outflow is through River Angara.

Surrounded by mountains which rise more than 2000 metres above the lake’s
surface, Lake Baikal lies in a deep structural hollow with steep slopes on
the western shores and gentler slopes on the eastern. There are hot mineral
springs in the area with breaks in the Earth’s crust. There are plenty of
earthquakes occurring in this area; in 1862 an earthquake flushed 200 square
km in the northern side and created a bay in Baikal known as Proval Bay.
Baikal contains about 45 islets and islands. The largest islands are Olkhon

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with an area of 700
square km.

During winter, the

air temperature

of Lake Baikal

averages around

-21 degrees Celsius.

The lake surface

even freezes

in January and

eventually thaws Ice formation in the lake
during the end of

spring season. The waves can be as high as 4.6 metres. The water is clean

and clear and one can see 40 metres from the surface. The water contains

few minerals and less salt.

Lake Baikal is rich in plant and animal life with 1500 to 1800 various animal
species and hundreds of plant species in and around the area. There are more
than 320 species of bird in the area; however only one mammal species; the
Baikal seal. Along the shores of Baikal, there are some industries of mining,
timber, fisheries, manufacture of paper, etc. Lake Baikal also attracts many
visitors due to quite a high number of mineral springs as its water has
curative properties.

Due to the industrial wastes, the Lake was being polluted. In 1971, there
was a strong environmental protest from Soviet scientists, and it led to some
pollution control. However, the degradation of the lake remained a concern
till late 1990s. There were many establishments made in order to protect
the natural resources of the Lake Baikal and the area surrounding it. The
Lake Baikal Coastal Protection zone had been created in 1987 with an area
of 88,000 square kilometres which covered the lake and its environment.
This same zone was also designated a UNESCO world heritage site in 1996.

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Comprehension

10. From the text, find the words opposite in meaning to the
following.

a. exactly b. highest

c. repels d. damaging or injurious

e. purified f. improvement

g. exposed h. approval

11. Write whether the following statements are true or false.

a. There are more than 330 rivers that flow out of the Lake.

b. There are many visitors in Lake Baikal because of mineral springs as
it contains some healing properties.

c. You will be able to ice-skate on the surface of Lake Baikal if you visit
it during the month of January.

d. There are hundreds of mammal species found around the lake.

e. In order to protect the lake and the natural resources around the lake,
mining industries and factories were established.

12. Answer the following questions.

a. How far down the surface of Lake Baikal could one see clearly?
b. How was the Proval Bay created?
c. How long and wide is the Lake Baikal?
d. How deep is Lake Baikal?
e. What is the area of this Lake?
f. What makes Lake Baikal the world’s largest freshwater lake by

volume?

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Grammar

Questions with ‘how’

We use how to introduce questions about measurements or amounts. How
comes up while asking aobut height, weight, duration, frequency, age,
length and any other amount.

How far is your house from school? How old is your grandpa?

How often do you go the cinema? How long is your hair?

How heavy are you? How much money do you have?

How fast can you run? How confident can he be?

So How + an adjective can be used to ask question like above.

The answer of how long can be either length or duration. You can ask:
‘How long does it take to complete the task for you?’
‘-About 30 minutes from now.’
How long is the Prithvi Highway?
- ‘200 km’.

How much is used while talking about uncountable nouns while how
many is used while talking about countable nouns.
How much water do you need?
How many pencils have you broken today?

13. Use appropriate adjectives in the following sentences.

a. ‘How _______money do you have?’ -‘I have fifty rupees in my pocket.’

b. ‘How _______is Muglin?’ -‘It is just 10 kilometres from here.’

c. ‘How _______ is the box?’ -‘It’s about 35 kg.’

d. ‘How _______ is your sister?’ -‘She is just two.’

e. ‘How _______ is the break?’ -‘It’s of 20 minutes.’

f. ‘How _______ is the statue?’ -‘It’s as big as a person.’

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14. Rearrange the words to make questions about quantities.
Then try to find the answers to them.

a. is/ how/ the Dharahara/ newly built/ tall?
b. How/ Mt. Everest/ high/ is
c. long/ you/ take/ do / to write/ an essay/ how
d. can/run/ you/ fast/ how?
e. How/ does/ a cell phone/ much/ weigh?
f. many/ bananas/ you/ can/ at once/ eat/ how?
g. How/ water/ the Three Georges dam/ much/ hold?
h. deep/ the Kaligandi gorge/ how/ is?
i. the Himalayan range/ How/ old/ is?

Speaking

15. Organise a quiz about mountains, highways, rivers, lakes,
bridges or similar things. Each group can bring the questions
of their own and ask the other groups.

How strong was It was a big tremor of
earthquake that hit Nepal magnitude 7.8.
in 2015?

How heavy is the statue of It weighs 1800 kg.
Buddha set at Bhairahawa
airport?

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Reading

16. Read and learn.

THE EXHCamEroLSeSconIdOaryRSchSoolCHOOL

ABOUT US OUR VISION

Hamro Secondary School is an award-winning Provide quality education in relatively low
school located in the heart of the city with a cost by using recent pedagogy to build its
pristine and child friendly environment. We academic excellence.
strive for quality education at affordable cost by
using recent innovations in education so as to OUR MISSION
attain academic excellence. Our prime focus is
on developing knowledgeable, inquiring and Quality education through child friendly
caring young people who can help to create a activity based instruction by involving
better and peaceful world. Thus, we endeavour different stakeholders.
to equip our young minds with physical,
social, emotional and academic skills to stand
in the global community making significant
contributions in creating habitable society. Our
academic and extracurricular activities help
to enhance students’ attitude and skills to be
lifelong learners. In our happy and child friendly
place of excellence, everyone can recognise
and achieve their full potential in all areas of
development.

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TEACHING
METHODOLOGY

Today, scholars, educators and activists are SALIENT FEATURES
exploring the ways of nurturing the young
minds so that they can rightly tackle the • Spacious classrooms and playground
emerging global challenges. For them, • Highly qualified and trained teaching staff
Progressive Education has come forward • Subject specialists
as an effective alternative to enable the • Individual care for needy students
coming generation with fundamental • Well-equipped computer, mathematics and
skills for overcoming such challenges.
Adopting this child centric approach, we science labs
ensure gradual and continuous growth • Resourceful library
of a child through immersion into an • Internet connected to every classroom
environment that motivates students to • Projectors fitted in all classes for audio visuals
discover new knowledge and help a child • Classes on arts and crafts, music, dance and drama
evolve into a better human being. Instead • Indoor and outdoor games and sports
of rote learning, we emphasise learning • Well managed, clean and spacious cafeteria
by doing and experiential learning. With • Transportation services
focus on positive discipline and active • Hostel facilities
participation in learning activities, we • First aid facility, school nurse, etc.
make students become responsible for
their acts.

Our integrated curriculum on various
themes helps students develop social
skills, critical thinking skills and problem
solving skills through group work,
cooperative learning, community services
and future directed inquiries in the
content. Such integration focuses on
making connection for students, allowing
them to engage in relevant, meaningful
learning that can be connected to real life.
Thus the children learn best when they get
the opportunity to use their imagination
and get involved in such stimulating and
engaging atmosphere which we cater.

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WHY HAMRO SCHOOL ?

1 The best school in town with proven
track record of results
We have proved our excellence through
hard work and perseverance.

2 Child friendly, healthy and educative ADMISSION PROCESS
environment
Loving, caring and motivating teachers All the interested students, or their parents,
and staff enthuse children to explore their can fill a form for arranging an entrance test.
full potential Entrance forms for grade 1-4 are available
online as well as at our reception.
3 Activity based teaching and learning
methodology UNIFORM
Getting involved in specially designed
activities, students precisely get the Students have to wear uniform as specified
essence of the lessons without hindrance. by the school.

4 Skills for life-long learning SCHOLARSHIPS
We impart methodology of learning in
which students learn how to learn rather The school provides scholarships to
than what to learn. deserving candidates. Special scholarship
has been managed targeting the
diligent students from the marginalised
communities. We believe no one should be
deprived of the growth they deserve.

280 English Skills Book - 7 Contact

Hamro Secondary School

Swoyambhu, Kathmandu
email: [email protected]

Phone: 05000500
We are open all days 9 am to 4 pm except

on public holidays

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Comprehension

17. Use the given words to complete the given sentences
meaningfully.

pristine affordable endeavour habitable potential marginalised deprived of

a. Electric cars are still not ________________to middle class people.
b. The factory has spoilt the ________________ environment that we used

to enjoy.
c. ________________community should get a special attention from all.
d. Crossing the North Pole on foot was an amazing feat of human

________________.
e. Pollution should be controlled to make the world more _______________.
f. Thousand of children are still ________________ the light of education.
g. If you want to realise your ________________, do not spend your time

doing nothing.

18. Match the words with their meanings.

a. immersion ___ continued effort and determination

b. spacious ___ combination or mixing

c. integration ___ having a lot of space

d. perseverance ___ difficulty

e. stakeholders ___ condition of being completely engaged

f. hindrance ___ careful and using a lot of efforts

g. reception ___ amount of money given to students by school to
a student to help him or her to continue study.

h. scholarship ___ a place where new comers are welcomed.

i. diligent ___ people who are responsible or concerned

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19. Write whether the following statements are true or false.

a. The school is in the heart of the capital of the country
b. The school provides education in a very cheap price.
c. The environment around the school is peaceful.
d. If your are injured, you will not get any treatment in this school.
e. Students are given boarding facility.
f. The students don’t need to wear uniform.
g. The scholarship will be for the poor people only.
h. The school believes in providing education to all.
i. You can reach the school and talk about admission on Saturdays.

20. Answer the following.

a. Which two words describe the school’s philosophy?
b. What three words describe the school’s instructional methods?
c. What is the primary focus of the school?
d. What does the school try to do?
e. What are the mission and vision of the school?
f. What are the facilities available at the school?
g. What reasons does the school give for students and parents to choose

it?
h. In which grades can you see admission for?
i. Where can you get the admission forms?
j. Who will be getting scholarships?

Writing

21. Prepare a similar prospectus of your own school.

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Pronunciation

Commonly mispronounced words

22. Listen and practise.

admit admit a crime

adult an adult magazine

available not available in the market

envelop enveloped in mist

envelope on the back of an envelope

marriage a marriage certificate

medicine traditional medicine

opposite in the opposite direction

question question and answer

quiet calm and quiet

receipt bills and receipts

restaurant Chinese restaurant

salad green salad

shoulder head and shoulder

soldier a brave soldier

stomach a severe stomachache

suggestion a good suggestion

target hit the target

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Grammar

Subject verb agreement

both, neither, one of, all of and none of

We use both, neither or either when we are talking about two people or
things.

Both my parents go to office.

Or, Both of my parents go to office.

Both of us were tired.

Both the shirt and the T-shirt were untidy.
All of my work is finished.

All of my friends are kind.

Some of my homework is left to be done.

Some of my friends are coming to my birthday party.

One of my friends is very good at writing stories.

None of the water was safe for drinking.

None of the students were late for the class.

Three of the students were absent from the class today.

Most of the students in the class have black hair.

All the students are wearing uniform except Rohan.

We use some of / most of / none of etc. + the / this / that / these / those /
my etc. So we can say ‘some of the students or some of those students´ but
not some of students.

We say all of us / all of you / half of it / half of them etc. We cannot leave
out of before it / us / you / them.
Both is used to talk about just two things. But all / none / most / some are
used to talk about several things.
Note the verbs:
All / most/ some/ three/ both of + plural noun + plural verb
All / some of + uncountable noun + singular verb
One of + plural noun + singular verb

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23. Choose the correct verbs to complete the sentences.

a. This tree (have/ has) grown big now.
b. Five years ago, it (was, were) a young plant.
c. People (was/ were) concerned about it.
d. The tree (was/ were) given water regularly.
e. Now, it (gives, give) shade to by-passers.
f. Many branches (have, has) grown on it.
g. People (rest, rests) under it on hot days.
h. Birds (is, are) making nests on one of its branches.
i. The birds (sing/ sings) sweet songs.
j. The tree (is/ are) a pleasing sight for all.
k. It also (does, do) all it can to give comfort to the villagers.

l. All of that money .................... (is / are) mine.
m. All of the windows .................... (is / are) open.
n. We saw five movies. Some of the movies .................... (was / were)

interesting.
o. Half of the glass .................... (is / are) empty.
p. Half of the pockets .................... (is / are) empty.
q. Most of the students .................... (arrives / arrive) on time.
r. One of my best friends .................... (lives / live) in Australia.
s. Some of the students in my class .................... (have / has) laptop

computers.
t. One of the students in this class ................... (have / has) a moustache.
u. None of the letters .................... (is / are) for you.

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Writing

Descriptive writing BP Highway

Located in the heart of eastern
Nepal, the BP Highway
offers a very scenic journey
with stunning views. You
have to be careful on your
drive as the narrow road has
sharp bends.

Named after the first elected
PM of Nepal, BP Koirala, the road, is 158 km long, stretching from Dhulikhel,
of Kavre to Bardibas. Since it reaches Bardibas from Banepa, it is also known
as the Banepa-Bardibas Highway. It meets another Major highway of the
country, the East West Highway, at Bardibas.

The finely paved road links the Kathmandu Valley with the Eastern Tarai
providing a quicker route than the older Tribhuban Highway. As the road
comes to hills rising from almost 250 metres in altitude at Bardibas to
1500 metres at Dhulikhel, it passes through many rivers, hills and valleys.
The highway offers an interesting and enticing drive with beautiful and
picturesque bends. Various points on the road provide great vantage points
to look at the majestic mountains and admire their beauty. It takes four
hours for a good drive without stops along the highway. However, some
people enjoy the travel taking more time as it has a lot of things to offer.

Driving along this highway can be risky at times. The road looks fine.
Therefore, the driver just takes speed without considering the bends. Then
there is a high chance of accident. Some bends along the road are so narrow
that they barely accommodate two vehicles crossing. During rainy season,
the road is vulnerable to landslide and flooding from local rivers.

The construction of the highway began in 1996 and finally completed in
2015. Constructed at the cost of about 21.5 billion rupees, the highway has
proven to be a lifeline for the people in eastern Nepal.

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24. Here are some facts about Puspalal Highway. Research more
about it. And write an essay as it is given in the example.

Name: Puspalal Highway, Mid-hill Highway ------Named after leader
Puspalal Shrestha ------ distance: 1776 KM ------ from Chiyo Bhanjyang of
Panchthar to Jhulaghat of Baitadi ------ connects 215 villages and towns
of 23 districts ------ passes through mid hills ------estimated cost 33.37
billion rupees.

Listening script

The picture you can see here is of Tilicho Lake. It is a lake located in Manang.
It is 55 kilometres as the crow flies from the city of Pokhara. It is situated
at an altitude of 4,919 metres in the Annapurna range of the Himalayas.
Some sources list the altitude of Lake Tilicho as being 4,949 metres. This
glacial lake holds approximately 156 million litres of fresh water. The lake
has maximum length of 4 kilometres and maximum width of 1.2 kilometres
with average depth of 85 metres. It covers an area of 4.8 square kilometres.
Experts say there is no aquatic organism in the lake.

Tilicho Lake is one of the most popular side hikes of the Annapurna Circuit
trek. The hike takes additional 3–4 days. No camping is required, as new
lodges have been built between Manang and the lake. The final approach to
the lake is done in a day hike from the lodge at Tilicho Base Camp.

Trekkers attempting the Annapurna Circuit route usually cross the
watershed between Manang and Kali Gandaki valleys over the 5416 metres
high Thorong La pass.

Tilicho Lake was the site of one of the highest ever altitude scuba dives. A
Russian diving team of three adventure seekers had a scuba dive in the lake
in 2000.

Hindus believe that Tilicho Lake is the ancient Kak Bhusundi Lake
mentioned in the Ramayana. The sage Kak Bhusundi is believed to have
first told the happenings of the Ramayana to Garuda - king of birds, near
this lake. The sage took the form of a crow while telling the story to Garuda.
Crow means Kak in Sanskrit, hence the name Kak Bhusundi for the sage.

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15 Expressing degrees

of probabilities

Listening

1. Listen and sing.

Tomorrow will be wonderful By The Solid British -Hat Band
I’ll drive my little car
I’ll walk along the river bank Will you come to the party on Friday?
I’ll watch the ships sail by .....
The next day will be better We won’t have to work all day
I’ll take you to the zoo We’ll just pass the time away
I’ll show you bears and monkeys We won’t catch those busy trains
And a great gorilla too That whistle down the line
We won’t live in basement flats
Will you come to the party on Friday? With single beds and tabby cats
Will you meet me under the tree? We won’t have to worry
Will you marry me in September? The sun will always shine
Will you come and live by the sea? Will you come to the party on Friday?
.....
We’ll have a house with windows
That look out to the sea The song was released in 1973.
We’ll entertain our neighbours
With chocolate, cake and tea
They’ll see us in our little house
As happy as can be
They’ll wish they were just like us
So happy, bright and free

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2. Answer the following questions.

a. What will the speaker drive in?
b. What can be seen in the zoo?
c. How will they entertain the neighbours?
d. When does the speaker want to get married?
e. What kind of house does the speaker imagine to have?
f. How will the speaker spend the time? How will the weather be?

3. Match the words with their meanings.

a. entertain ____ big hairy and well built apes that are found in
African jungles

b. Gorilla ____ to keep a group of people feel happy or
interested

c. basement ____ having dark coloured marks on grey or brown
fur

d. flats ____ a part of a building consisting of rooms that
are partly or completely below the level of the
ground

e. tabby ____ a large building that is divided into apartments

4. From the song, find the words opposite in meaning to the
following.

a. worse b. tiny

c. dim d. busy

e. dissatisfied f. unoccupied

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Listening

5. Look and guess what they are talking about.

6. Listen to a conversation between two students. They are
talking about five scientific inventions that will happen in
the future. List down the five things.

a. .............................................................................
b. .............................................................................
c. .............................................................................
d. .............................................................................
e. .............................................................................

7. Are the following statements true or false about the
inventions? Listen and check.

a. The first invention will help people travel faster than now.
b. The second invention will help to change water into fuel.
c. The third invention will make people able to know about what others

are thinking.
d. The fourth invention will help people grow food in the air.
e. The fifth invention will help to find a way to cultivate land on the

moon.

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Grammar

Future

We use will:
- to make a prediction about the remote, indefinite future.
Life will be very different in 50 years.
- to give a promise or to offer our help to someone.
I’ll be here at 10.00 am tomorrow.
- for decisions taken at the moment of talking.
The phone is ringing. I’ll answer it.

We use going to:
- if we are referring to future plans, something we are planning or have

decided to do in the future. In such circumstances, we have planned
something and are almost certain it will be done.

I’m going to buy a new video game next week.

- if we know that something is likely to happen in the future because
there is something in the present which points in that direction.

The sky is full of clouds. It’s going to rain soon.

We use the present continuous to express future intentions:

- to refer to something we have already decided to do in the immediate
or near future. When we use the present continuous, we wish to
emphasise that we are absolutely sure that something is going to
happen.

I’m leaving for Pokhara
tomorrow.

See the difference:

I’ll visit Pokhara one day.
(There is a possibility but
it is not certain that such
a thing is going to happen
in the future.)

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I’m going to visit Pokhara next month. ( I have planned it. I intend to
do it and I am almost certain it will happen.)

I’m visiting Pokhara tomorrow. (I have bought a ticket and I’m ready
to leave. I am absolutely certain it will happen.)

8. Match the examples to the descriptions. Write numbers (1-6)
in the given spaces.

a. It's hot in here. I'll open the window. ________
b. She's going to buy a printer soon. ________
c. Don't worry. I won't be late. ________
d. Sarah's taking her driving test next week. ________
e. Our homes will be very different in the future. ________
f. He's got the car keys. He's going to drive into the city. ________
1. a promise
2. a fixed arrangement
3. a prediction based on what we believe/imagine
4. a plan or intention
5. an on-the-spot decision
6. a prediction based on what we see

9. Choose the correct verb form. Identify the reason for the use
of each tense.

a. That's the phone. I will answer / am answering it.

b. I think he is going to be / will be happier there.

c. Now I've got some money I will be buying / am going to buy a
new PC.

d. Will you work / Are you working tomorrow afternoon?

e. Sorry! I won't / am not going to lie again.

f. He's wearing his T-shirt, shorts and trainers. He will be playing / is
going to play football.

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10. Complete the following with will or going to.

a. Uddhav : I’ve got a terrible headache.

Umesh : I ............................. (get) you an aspirin.

b. Kabi : I can’t come to your house tomorrow.

Ravi : Why not?

Kabi : I’m ................................ (visit) my maternal uncle.

c. Muna : Did you buy a present for Preeti’s birthday?

Gita : Oh, no. I forgot. I ................................ (buy) it tomorrow.

d. Binita : We haven’t got any bread.

Binod : Really? I ................................ (buy) some.

e. Puran : What are your plans for this summer?

Prabin : I ................................ (spend) my holidays in Chitwan.

f. Laxmi : Your car is really old!

Luza : I ............................... (buy) a new car next year. I’m saving
for it.

11. Change the following statements into yes/no questions.

a. She’ll help us. Will she help us?
b. He’s going to sell his house. ....................................................?
c. They’re leaving for Paris tomorrow. ....................................................?
d. She’s going to have a party next week. ....................................................?
e. He’ll be famous one day. ....................................................?
f. They’ll go to Chitwan one day. ....................................................?
g. She’s flying to Bharatpur. ....................................................?

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Speaking

12. What decision will you make in each situation? What will
you say?

Your younger sister is worrying about maths
test tomorrow. You are good at it.
Don’t worry. I’ll help you.
a. You’re hungry and you see a café on the other
side of the street. You have some money in your
pocket.
b. You’re passing a flower shop when you
remember that it’s your friend’s birthday today.
c. You’re reading a TV programme guide. There is an interesting TV
show that you like.
d. The telephone rings.
e. It’s midnight and there is a knock at the door.

13. Complete the information as in the example.

Note: The time clause that comes with future tense is always in present
tense. One is done for you.
a. We’ll make tea when ......t.h...e..g...u..e..s..t.s...a..r.r..i.v..e.....................................................
b. I’ll go home as soon as ..................................................................................
c. I’ll tell you before ...........................................................................................
d. We’ll have a party when ...............................................................................
e. They’ll help us as soon as .............................................................................
f. They’ll let us go only after we ......................................................................
g. She’ll phone me as soon as ..........................................................................

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Reading

14. Read and learn.

Climate change: A crisis

Climate is the average temperature
and condition in a specific place over
a long period of time. Climate change
is an often-heard word these days,
and it refers to the process of Earth’s
temperature getting hotter because of
human activity. Unlike the weather
which changes every hour, climate
does not change daily, but usually takes thousand of years to change.
However, it is not normal for the Earth’s climate to change quickly, like it
is now.

Most people can agree on the weather, but sometimes climate change or
global warming leads to disagreement. However, research has proven
that the Earth’s average temperature has increased about 1.33-degrees
Fahrenheit between 1900s to 2000s.

Why is the Earth getting hotter?

The Earth is covered with greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide,
methane, and nitrous oxide. These gases cover the Earth like a blanket.
The sun’s heat penetrates these greenhouse gases and increases the Earth’s
overall temperature, but the heat is unable to escape out. These greenhouse
gases cause the Earth to become hotter and hotter.

There may be some causes of climate change that cannot be prevented and
have very little to do with humans, but there are some human behaviours
that contribute toward the climate change. When we burn the fossil fuels
such as oil, coal, and natural gas, the gases released into the atmosphere

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are added to the blanket that is covering the Earth. One of the greenhouse
gases, carbon dioxide is absorbed by the trees, but unfortunately, humans
have been cutting down trees and forests to make way for urbanisation.
This also adds to the climate change by making the greenhouse gas layer
thicker around the Earth. When we use cars, planes, factories and electricity,
it puts carbon into the air.

Why does it matter if the planet gets hotter?

When you are sick with the temperature, you don’t feel well. It is the same
for the planet. It gets too hot on the planet; the icebergs will melt and the
sea will rise. It could lead to heavy rain fall, heat waves, floods, tsunamis,
droughts, etc. It also leads to destruction of animal’s natural habitat and
scarcity of food and plants. The climate change affects the entire planet
negatively.

What can we do to stop climate change?

There are a lot of things we can do to stop climate change. We can reduce
water waste, buy less, share more, and recycle. Basically, we can conserve
energy in our daily life by turning off the lights, take short showers, walk or
use public transportation whenever possible, turn off your computer when
not in use, and stop using plastic.

Comprehension

15. Choose the correct options.

a. Which of the following best explains the difference between climate
and weather?

A. Climate is daily change and weather is change over a long-time
period

B. Climate and weather are basically the same

C. Climate cannot be measured daily but weather can

D. Climate does not change day-to-day; weather can change day-

to-day

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b. Which of the following does climate change usually refer to?
A. The process of the Earth getting colder
B. The process of the Earth getting warmer
C. The process of the changing climate of the Earth, whether cooler
or warmer
D. None of the above

c. Which of the following may be an effect of global warming and climate
change?
A. Heavier precipitation
B. Unusual seasonal changes
C. Heat waves
D. All the above

16. Discuss.

a. Do you think the climate change is real? How have you or your
surroudings been affected by climate change?

b. How do you think you can contribute to reduce the problem of climate
change?

17. Match these words with their antonyms and then make
sentences using the antonyms:

Words Antonyms
a. penetrates ____ stay
b. scarcity ____ subtracts
c. conserve ____ understanding
d. disagreement ____ waste
e. contribute ____ exits
f. reduce ____ abundance
g. escape ____ maximises

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Conversation

18. Sit in groups and practise.

A : The school bus is leaving in a
minute! Where is Seema?

B : She may be in the painting hall.

C : She can’t be there! She hates art.

B : But I saw her there a few minutes
ago. She was sitting on a bench.
She was looking at the painting.

A : She must like this painting very
much. She has been here for half
an hour.

C : She isn’t looking at the picture.
She is asleep.

A : Poor Seema! She should go to bed
early.

Grammar

Expressing possibility

The modal verbs may, might and could can be used to express possibility.
We use may, might and could for something which is likely or unlikely to
happen.
I don’t feel very well. I may not come with you tomorrow.
She’s gone home. She might come back later.
Kusum isn’t in her room. She could be in the garden.

We can use must and can’t when we make a logical deduction, that means we
suppose so because we have some details.

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With must we make a positive supposition. We are sure that something is
happening.
That man over there doesn’t understand what I say. He must be a foreigner.
With can’t we make a negative supposition. We are sure that something is not
the case or that something is impossible.
Mona can’t come first this time. Madan has worked really hard for this exam.
We use should or shouldn’t to give advice.
You should go to bed early. You shouldn’t stay up late.

19. Choose the correct verbs to complete the sentences.

a. You have been working all night. You .............................. (must / can’t)
be tired.

b. The restaurant .............................. (can’t / may) be very good. It looks
rather empty.

c. The weather was very foggy in the morning. They ..............................
(may / can’t) have had a very lazy morning.

d. Despite her illness, she performed well. Her parents..............................
(must / can’t) have been proud of her.

e. You got here very quickly. You .............................. (must / can’t) have
taken a taxi.

20. Sit in groups and practise.

Mother : What’s the matter, Latika? You have dark circles under your
eyes.

Latika : I didn’t sleep last night. I had a terrible headache.
Mother : You (must / may) feel very tired. Why don’t you go to bed now?
Latika : I have to study. I’m not sure but we (can’t / may) have a

maths test tomorrow.
Mother : You don’t look well, dear. You (may / can’t) be ill. Go to bed

now. You (can’t / might) get better when you wake up.

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Hari : Who’s that boy with Basanta over
there?

Umesh : He (must / may) be his brother. They
look very much alike.

Hari : He (can’t / might) be his brother. He
is only six years old. This boy (can’t /
must) be at least sixteen.

Umesh : He (might / can’t) be a relative.
Basanta :
Hello everybody. This is my cousin,
Hari : Bhola.

Hi, Bhola. Look, Umesh, I was right.

Pronunciation

Stress and rhythm

Words and phrases may sound same or different from each other because
of stress and rhythm. So it is important to listen carefully. Otherwise you
may miss the meaning.

21. Listen to the sentences and underline the word or phrase you
hear.

What do you think of the comedy/committee?
What does eligible/illegible mean?
Does she want a needle/any doll?
Do the students like history/his story?
Is it elementary/a lemon tree?
What’s for rain/foreign?
Is that your rope/Europe?
What’s in the desert/dessert?

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