Baikhari Nepali 7

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sIff &

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a]uG] b| ;A' af
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cfP] l;; klAns];g k|f= ln=

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kmf]gM $@@$))$, ºofS; M $@@&&!*

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klxnf] ;+:s/0f M @)&!
kg' d'{b|0f M @)&#
bf];|f] ;;+ s/0f M @)&%

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cf]Pl;; klAns];g k|f= ln=
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kmf]gM $@@$))$,
ºofS; M $@@&&!*

gk] fndf d'lb|t

k|fSsyg

efiff lzIf0f ug{' eg]sf] ljBfyL{x¿sf] pd]/cg';f/sf] ;'gfO, af]nfO, k9fO / n]vfO
l;ksf] ljsf; u/fpg' xf] . efiffsf oL rf/ cf]6f l;k ljsf;sf] Pp6f ;f]kfg x'G5 .
cyf{t\ ;xL 9ª\un] ;g' ]kl5 dfq ;xL 9ª\un] af]Ng ;lsG5 / ;xL 9ª\un] k9]kl5
dfq ;xL 9ª\un] n]Vg ;lsG5 . efiffsf oL rf/ cf]6f l;kdWo] sg' } Pp6f l;ksf]
ljsf; ;xL 9ª\un] x'g ;s]g eg] ljBfyL{sf] ;du| efiff g} sdhf]/ xg' hfG5 . h'g
ljBfyL{sf] efiff sdhf]/ x'G5, :jfefljs ¿kdf p;sf cGo ljifox¿sf] l;sfO
klg k|efljt xG' 5 lsgeg] ljBfno txdf l;Sg'kg]{ clwsf+z ljifox¿ efiffsf
dfWodaf6} l;Sgk' g]{ x'G5 .

…jv} /LÚ l;sfO;DaGwL pko'{lNnlvt s/' fx¿nfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/]/ tof/ ul/Psf] efiff
lzIf0fsf] PsLs[t kf7\ok:' tsx¿sf] z[ª\vnf xf] . oL kf7\ok':tsx¿df /flvPsf
;fdu|Lx¿ efiff lzIf0fsf cfwf/et" l;4fGtdfly cfwfl/t 5g\ / ltgLx¿sf]
ljGof;qmddf ljBfyL{sf] pd]/, dgf]lj1fg, jftfj/0f / kj" {1fgsf] Vofn ul/Psf] 5 .
o;sf ;fy} kf7sf ¿kdf ;d]l6Psf sltko ljifoj:t'x¿ tQt\ txsf cGo ljifosf
kf7\oqmd;Fu klg ;DalGwt 5g\ t/ ltgLx¿nfO{ efiff lzIf0fsf] l;4fGtcGtu{t
Jojl:yt ul/Psf] 5 . To;}n] o; z[ª\vnfsf kf7\ok':tsnfO{ k|of]u u/]/ ul/g] efiff
lzIf0fn] ljBfyL{sf] efiff l;sfO Jojl:yt / k|efjsf/L xg' ] s/' fdf xfdL ljZj:t
5f}F .

cGTodf k/f, kZoGtL, dWodf / j}v/L u/L efiffsf rf/ cf]6f ¿k xg' ] s'/f j}lbs
;flxTodf pNn]v 5 . efiffsf oL rf/ ¿kdWo] af]nLsf ¿kdf k|s6 x'g] efiff¿k g}
…j}v/LÚxf] . ljBfyL{sf] k|s6Ls[t efiff ;zSt agf];\ eGg] x]t'n] tof/ ul/Psf] k|:t't
z[ª\vnf;Fu ;Da4 ;a} kIfnfO{ wGojfb 6qm\ofpFb} o;sf k|of]Stf tyf lj1x¿af6
o;nfO{ cem q'l6xLg / :t/Lo agfpg cfjZos ;'emfjx¿ k|fKt x'g] cfzf ub{5f}F .

n]vs tyf ;Dkfbsx¿
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ljifo;r" L

kf7– ! g]kfnL sljtf %
kf7– @ b}lgs hLjgdf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u k|aGw !&

kf7– # gfd syf #!

kf7– $ ;fyLnfO{ lr7L lr7L $$

kf7– % cfpm x] jiff{ sljtf %&

kf7– ^ s]xL l:jl8; afnsx¿ lgaGw ^(

kf7– & cfFk rfVg vf]Hbf syf *!

kf7– * b[li6ljxLgx¿sf cfFvfM n'[O; a|]n hLjgL ($

kf7– ( k/LIffsf] et" ¿ks !)&

kf7– !) sflGtk/' L gu/L sljtf !@!

kf7– !! d[usf kf7fem}F pk|mFb} lgaGw !##

kf7– !@ afns PsnJo syf !$&

kf7– !

gk] fnL

kj" {k7g
kj" {k7g

õ oxfF g]kfndf a;fa] f; ug{] kGw| hfltsf] gfd n]lvPsf] 5 . ltgnfO{ @)^* sf] /fli6o«
hgu0fgfsf cfwf/df w/] }b]lv yf/] s} f qmddf j|md;} uF /fVg] sf]l;; u/ M

7s'/L, ofbj, yf?, 5]qL, ;fsL{, a|fx\d0f, /fO{, du/, d;' ndfg, bdfO{F,
u'?ª, lnDa", g]jf/, sfdL, tfdfª

!= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ @= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ #= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ %= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ^= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

&= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ *= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ (= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

!)= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ !!= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ !@= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

!#= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ !$= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ !%= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

j}v/L sIff & hflg/fVgk' g]{ s]xL zAbfyx{ ¿

kªv\ M kv]6f
a]F;L M kxf8sf] tNnf] efu
;Eotf M ;Eo x'gfsf] efj
lznf M 9ª' \ufÙ kTy/
Wjhf M emG8f
ei] f M sk8fÙ klx/g
kf}/v M sdfOÙ cfh{g
:jfy{ M cfˆgf] dtna jf pb\b]Zokl" t{sf nflu ul/g] sfdÙ lghL

nfe
dv' tfSg ' M cfz ug{'
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6

;'gfO / af]nfO

!=  ! ;'g / 5'6]sf zAb e/ M

klZrd lsNnf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k"j{df ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ku' ]Yof}F

sg' ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;fd'df slxn] xfdL ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

xfdLn] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ p7fof}F ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ dfemdf

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ af; a;]Yof] cfP/ oxLF ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ .

@=  ! df k|ofu] ePsf cf7 cf]6f 7fpsF f gfd n]v M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#=  ! ;'g/] PsbO' { zAbdf pQ/ eg M

-s_ ;u/dfyf lzv/df sf] klxn] kU' b5 <

-v_ xfdLn] lxdfn sxfF p7fof}F <

-u_ s;n] g]kfnd} 1fgsf] klxnf] dx' fg kfPy] <

-3_ lzjn] g]kfnd} s] NofPsf lyP <

-ª_ xfdLn] g]kfnL wn' fdf s] /f]Kgk' 5{ <

$= gk] fnnfO{ ;+;f/df lrgfpg] sg' } Ps JolStsf af/]df atfpm, cyjf

gk] fnsf s'g} Ps lje"ltsf af/]df atfpm .

7 j}v/L sIff &

k9fO

g]kfnL

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kl/>dsf] kl;gf eO{ emg{ hfGb}g hf]
b]znfO{ cfkme" Gbf 7'nf] dfGb}g hf]
cfdfnfO{ lk/ kbf{ h;sf] dg ?Gg
g]kfnL xF' eg] klg g]kfnL pm xG' g .

j}v/L sIff & 8

cg]s hflt cg]s wd{ cg]s efiffe]if

ld;fP/ ag]sf] 5 xfd|f] Kof/f] b]z

Pstfsf] Hof]lt ;w}F afNg ;Sgk' 5{

cFWof/f]nfO{ pv]n]/ kmfNg ;Sgk' 5{ .

kxf8nfO{ kf}/vn] dfly p7fP/

kmn' fpgk' 5{ dw]; dfof ld;fP/

k/fO{ dv' gtfs]/ sd{ u5{ h;n]

g]kfnLsf] gfpFnfO{ pFrf] /fV5 To;n] .

g]kfnL t g]kfnLnfO{ dfof ug{] xG' 5

dfg{] xf]Og dg{} nfu] k|f0f eg{] xG' 5

cfˆgf] geO{ g]kfnsf] dfq :jfy{ x]/L

afFRg] u5{ g]kfnL t ;femf ;f; km]/L .

9 j}v/L sIff &

k9fO ÷ nv] fO

!= dflysf] sljtf lgDgfg;' f/ no ldnfP/ k9 M

-s_ sIffsf ;a} ldn]/

-v_ 5fq hlt ;a}n]

-u_ 5fqf hlt ;a}n]

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-ª_ PSn}

@= 5'6]sf zAb e/L tnsf] Znf]s k/" f u/ M

kl/>dsf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ eO{ emg{ hfGb}g hf]

b]znfO{ cfk"meGbf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ dfGb}g hf]

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ lk/ kbf{ h;sf] dg ?Gg

g]kfnL xF' eg] klg ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ pm xG' g .

#= tnsf cfzox¿ sljtfdf s'g Znf]sdf 5g\ < kQf nufO{ nv] M

-s_ xfd|f] b]z ax'hflt, axw' d{ / axe' fiff ePsf] b]z xf] . bf];f| ] Znfs] df

-v_ ;Rrf g]kfnL cfdfnfO{ lk/ kbf{ cfk"m ?g yfN5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-u_ csf{sf] dv' gtfsL sfd ug{]n] g]kfnLsf] gfdnfO{ pFrf] /fV5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ ;Rrf g]kfnL cfˆgf] xf]Og, b]zsf] :jfy{sf vflt/ afFR5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-ª_ ;Rrf g]kfnL kl/>ddf ljZjf; u5{g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-r_ cfkm"nfO{ g]kfnL eGg]n] Pstfdf ljZjf; ug{k' 5{ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= sljtfsf cg;' f/ tnsf jfSox¿ k/" f u/ M

-s_ xfdL g]kfnLn] clzIff, cGwljZjf; / cljsf;sf] cFWof/f]nfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-v_ xfdLn] xfd|f] kxf8nfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-u_ Pp6f g]kfnL csf{] g]kfnLnfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ g]kfnLn] g]kfnLnfO{ dfg{] xf]Og ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-ª_ xfd|f] Kof/f] b]z ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-r_ cfdfnfO{ lk/ kbf{ h;sf] dg ?Fb}g ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-5_ ;Rrf g]kfnLn] b]znfO{ cfkm" eGbf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

j}v/L sIff & 10

%= dflysf] sljtfaf6 lgDgfg;' f/sf zAb n]v M

-s_ x|:j Osf/ nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-v_ bL3{ O{sf/ nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-u_ x|:j psf/ nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ bL3{ pmsf/ nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-ª_ z, if, ; nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-r_ cfwf cIf/ nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-5_ /]km nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-h_ rGb|laGb' nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

^= dflysf] sljtfaf6 ltdLnfO{ dg k/]sf] Znfs] /fdf| ] cIf/df sfkLdf ;f/ .

&= Ps jfSodf pQ/ nv] M

-s_ s:tf] JolSt g]kfnL xg' ;Sb}g <

-v_ g]kfn s]s] ldl;P/ ag]sf] 5 <

-u_ g]kfnLx¿n] dw];nfO{ s;/L km'nfpgk' 5{ <

-3_ s:tf] JolStn] g]kfnLsf] gfd pFrf] /fV5 <

-ª_ g]kfnL s;/L afFRg] u5{ <

*= a9fP/ n]v M

-s_ cg]s hflt cg]s wd{ cg]s efiff e]if

ldl;P/ ag]sf] 5 xfd|f] Kof/f] b]z .

-v_ k/fO{ dv' gtfs]/ sd{ u5{ h;n]

g]kfnLsf] gfpFnfO{ pFrf] /fV5 To;n] .

(= kfrF ;ft jfSodf pQ/ nv] M

-s_ xfdL g]kfnLn] s]s] s/' f ug{'k5{ <

-v_ xfdL g]kfnLn] s]s] s'/f ug{x' F'b}g <

!)= …xfdL g]kfnLÚ zLifs{ df Ps ;o krf; zAb;Ddsf] Pp6f lgaGw n]v . lgaGw n]Vbf
sljtfsf] ;xfotf klg lng ;S5f} .

11 j}v/L sIff &

!!= tnsf] kf7 k9L ;fl] wPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ nv] M

d]/f] b]z g]kfn ef}uf]lns ¿kdf lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{ tyf pkTosf / leqL

dw];x¿df afFl8Psf] 5 . kj" {df d]rLb]lv klZrddf dxfsfnL;Dd km}lnPsf] d]/f]

b]zsf pQ/tkm{ ;jf{]Rr lzv/ ;u/dfyf;lxt ;of}F lxdfno z[ª\vnf 5g\ . o;

b]zsf] dWo efudf kxf8sf dgf]x/ t/]nL / ;G' b/ pkTosfx¿ 5g\ eg] blIf0f

e]usf t/fO{ / leqL dw];sf pj{/ / ;dy/ kmfF6x¿ 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} lgTo

lg/Gt/ hnk|jfx ul//xg] ;of}F gbLgfnfn], df5fkR' 5«]nfO{ cfˆgf] kf]N6fdf ;d]6\g

;Sg] km]jf tfn nufotsf ;of}F tfntn}ofx¿n], em/gf–5x/fx¿n], n]sa]F;L,

b]p/fnL, eGHofªx¿n] d]/f] b]z g]kfnnfO{ ;'Gb/ k|fs[lts el" d / hLjGt /fi6«sf]

¿kdf lrgfPsf 5g\ .

k|Zgx¿

-s_ tnsf zAb / ltgsf cy{ k9 M

dgf]x/ M dgnfO{ nf]Eofpg] vfnsf]Ù cfsif{s

pj{/ M w]/} pAhgL xg' ]

kf]N6f] M sfv

eGHofª M kxf8sf] bO' { rn' Lsf dfemsf] 3fF6L jf xf]rf] 7fpFÙ g]6f]

lgTo M ;w}FÙ slxNo} gla/fO{sgÙ nuftf/

-v_ tnsf zAb / ltgsf cy{lar hf8] f ldnfpm / sfkLdf ;f/ M

pkTosf lhpFbf]

t/]nL kxf8sf km]bLsf] ;dy/ hldgÙ a]F;L

hnk|jfx txÙ l;nl;nf

b]p/fnL j]un] au]sf] kfgLsf] wf/f]

hLjGt kxf8sf] psfnf] l;l4g] 7fpF

-u_ gk] fnnfO{ efu} f]lns ¿kdf s;/L aflF 8Psf] 5 <

-3_ gk] fnsf] pQ/L v08df s]s] 5g\ <

-ª_ gk] fnsf] dWo v08df s]s] 5g\ <

-r_ gk] fnnfO{ s]sn] ] hLjGt /fi6« agfPsf 5g\ <

-5_ tnsf zAbx¿ ko| fu] u/L jfSo agfpm M

pkTosf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

z[ª\vnf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;dy/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

n]sa]F;L M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

b]p/fnL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

j}v/L sIff & 12

zAbe08f/

!= tn cy{ lbOPsf 5g\ . tL;Fu ldNg] zAbx¿ …g]kfnLÚ eGg] sljtfaf6 l6k M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ klx/g

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ cfˆgf] dtna jf pb\b]Zo kl" t{sf nflu ul/g] sfd

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ sdfOÙ cfh{g

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Pp6} xg' fsf] efj

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;a}sf]

@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] p:t} cy{ lbg] zAb kf7af6 vf]h]/ n]v M

ldlxg]t ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ /fi6« ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

dftf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ lk|o ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

cGwsf/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ddtf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

gfd ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Zjf; ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] bO' {bO' { cf]6f kofo{ jfrL zAb nv] M

kxf8 M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ rGb|df M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

9ª' \uf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ljBfno M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

xfjf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ cfFvf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

b]z M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ dflg; M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;o" { M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ gbL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= tnsf jfSodf df]6f cIf/n] nl] vPsf zAbsf ;66\ f p:t} cy{ lbg] zAb /fvL

kg' nv{] g u/ M

-s_ d]/f ldqx¿ ;xof]uL 5g\ .

-v_ r/fx¿ cfsfzdf :jR5Gb pl8/x]sf 5g\ .

-u_ 9f]sfdf pleg' zf]egLo x'Fb}g .

-3_ d k;ndf uP/ k]lG;n lsG5' .

-ª_ ;db' s| f] kfgL g'lgnf] xG' 5 .

%= tnsf zAbx¿sf] kofo{ jfrL zAb nv] M

kljq, 3/, ?v, jg, lstfa, lbg, /ft, kfgL, k|]d,

sfg, b'Mv, lhp, hgfj/, rnfv, 7'nf], xft, ;xof]u

13 j}v/L sIff &

Jofs/0f

!= kfrF kfFr cf6] f gfd nv] M

-s_ ltd|f ;fyLx¿ M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

-v_ ltdL ku' ]sf 7fpFx¿ M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

-u_ ltdLn] bv] s] f hgfj/x¿ M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ ltd|f ;fdfgx¿ M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

-ª_ ltd|f cge' jx¿ M ;'v ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

-r_ lstfasf gfdx¿ M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

@= tnsf jfSodf sfi] 7saf6 5fg]/ ldNg] ;j{gfd n]v M d
-s_ ÒÒÒÒÒ ahf/df a:5f}F . xfdL
-v_ ÒÒÒÒÒ xfdLnfO{ lh:sfpF5g\ . tF
-u_ ÒÒÒÒÒ slxn] 3/ kms{G5f} < ltdL

-3_ ÒÒÒÒÒ uLt ufpg rfxG5' . tkfO{F

-ª_ ÒÒÒÒÒ 3/d} a:ge' P5 . pm
-r_ ÒÒÒÒÒ k/LIffdf kf; xf];\ . pgL
-5_ ÒÒÒÒÒ ;a}nfO{ ;3fpFl5g\ . pgLx¿
-h_ ÒÒÒÒÒ lsg l/;fpF5;\ < pxfF

#= tnsf lrq x]/L rf/rf/ cf6] f ;x' fplF bnf ljz]if0f n]v M

ul' nof] ÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ



ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

$= tnsf zAb /fvL PsPs cf6] f jfSo agfpm M

k9\5;\, vfG5,' uof}, cfpge' of], a:nf;\, cfpmg\, n]vf}F, xfF:nL, /f]lng\

j}v/L sIff & 14

;dx" df efiff

!= ltd|f cf7 hgf ;fyLsf] gfd n]vL pgLx¿sf] y/÷hft / hGd:yfg klg n]v M

qm=;= ;fyLsf] gfd y/÷hft hGd:yfg

@= sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{x¿ kfFr ;d"xdf ljeflht xfc] f] . ca k|To]s ;d"xn] tnsf
dWo] PsPs zLif{sdf 5nkmn u/ . 5nkmn ul/;s]kl5 Ps hgfn] cfºgf] ;dx" df
5nkmndf p7s] f s'/fx¿ sIffdf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;'gfpm M

-s_ lxdfn
-v_ kxf8
-u_ t/fO{
-3_ jghª\un
-ª_ g]kfnsf] hn;|f]t

15 j}v/L sIff &

l;hg{ f÷n3' kl/of]hgf

!= tnsf] sf]7fdf g]kfnsf] gS;f agfpm . To; gS;fdf k|b]z bv] fO{ gk] fnsf k|b]zsf
gfd n]v M

@= tnsf ;r" gfsf] ;xfotfn] e6' fgsf] af/]df Ps ;o zAbdf j0fg{ u/ M

hg;ª\Vof M ^$^*%! -;g\ @))^ sf]
/fli6«o hgu0fgfcg';f/_

/fhwfgL M lyDk'
e6' fg efiffx¿ M hf]ª\vf, g]kfnL, cª\u|]hL,

lxGbL, ;frf]k cflb
wd{ M af}4dfuL{, lxGb" / yf]/} c¿

wdf{jnDaL
;/sf/ M ;j+ }wflgs nf]stflGqs

/fhtGq
db' |f M g'

j}v/L sIff & 16

kf7– @

bl} gs hLjgdf kl| jlwsf] k|ofu]

17 j}v/L sIff &

k"j{k7g
k"j{k7g

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

õ dflysf lrqx¿ g]kfndf ko| f]u ul/g] k/Dk/fut k|ljlw xg' \ . ltgLx¿sf] gfd nv] .

hflg/fVgk' g{] sx] L zAbfy{x¿

b/" ;~rf/ M Ps 7fpFb]lv csf{] 7fpF;Dd ;dfrf/ cflb k¥' ofpg]
lqmofk|lqmof

cg';Gwfg M s'g} s/' f vf]Hg] jf kQf nufpg] sfd
bt|' t/ M rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f]
;Dkbf M ;DklQ
cfhko{Gt M cfh;Dd
cf]em] n kg' { M 5]lsgÙ' x/fpFb} hfg'
a9fQ] /L M a9\b} hfg] k|lqmof
Hofnfbf/L M dhb/' L
hLljsf M lhpkfnf]Ù k];f
cleGg M 5'6\ofpg g;lsg]Ù cnu ug{ g;lsg]

j}v/L sIff & 18

;g' fO / afn] fO

!=  @ ;'g / l7sa]l7s 56' o\ fpm M

-s_ rfN;{ a]a]hnfO{ sDKo6' /sf lktf dflgG5 . ÒÒÒÒÒ

-v_ rfN;{ a]a]hn] !(%$ lt/ d]sflgsn sDKo'6/sf] ÒÒÒÒÒ
cfljisf/ u/]sf lyP .

-u_ sDKo6' /sf] cfFvf l;lko' xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ ;g\ !(() df jN8{ jfO8 j]e ;'? ePsf] xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒ

-ª_ g]kfndf @)!* ;fndf sDKo'6/ lelqPsf] xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒ

@=  @ ;g' ]/ hafkm b]pm M

-s_ sDKo6' / s:tf] ;fwgsf] gfd xf] <

-v_ sDKo'6/sf] k|of]u s]s:tf sfddf xG' 5 <

-u_ sDKo6' /sf dV' o cª\ux¿sf] gfd eg .

-3_ OG6/g]6sf] k|of]u slxn]b]lv b|'tt/ ultdf a9\of] <

-ª_ OG6/g]6af6 s]s:tf] sfd ug{ ;lsG5 <

#= sDKo'6/afxs] ltdLnfO{ dxŒjk"0f{ nfUg] j}1flgs cfljisf/ s] xf] < sf/0f;lxt
atfpm .

19 j}v/L sIff &

k9fO

bl} gs hLjgdf k|ljlwsf] ko| f]u

sg' } sfd ubf{ cg'ej jf k|of]usf cfwf/df
cFuflng] vf; ljlw jf k|lqmof cyjf To:tf
ljlw jf k|lqmofaf6 agfOPsf] j:tn' fO{ k|ljlw
elgG5 . cyf{t\ sg' } s'/fsf] lgdf{0f ug{
j}1flgs 9ª\un] sfd ug{] k4lt, l;k, 9ª\u
jf sf}zn g} k|ljlw xf] . k|ljlwnfO{ tslgsL
klg elgG5 . k|ljlwsf] k|of]un] b}lgs hLjgdf
ul/g] ultljlwx¿ ;/n, ;xh / k|efjsf/L
xg' hfG5g\ . To;}n] dflg;x¿ cfˆgf 3/fo;L
ultljlwx¿df ;d]t k|ljlwsf] k|of]uk|lt
emg\emg\ cfslif{t ePsf 5g\ .

xfd|f] ;dfhdf klxn]b]lv g} k|rngdf /x]sf l9sL, hfFtf], sf]n, 36\6, xnf] cflb
k/Dk/fut k|ljlw x'g\ . To;} u/L cf]vn, tfg, rvf{, sd' fn]sf] rqm, aonuf8f cflb
klg xfd|f k/Dk/fut k|fljlws ;Dkbf x'g\ . o:tf ;Dkbfx¿sf] k|of]un] cfhko{Gt
xfd|f] hLjgnfO{ ;/n / ;'ud agfOlbPsf] 5 . km/s olt xf], clxn] oftfoft /

;~rf/sf] ljsf;n] ;+;f/sf] hg' ;'s}
7fpFdf ljsf; ePsf] k|ljlw xfd|f]
ufpF;dfhdf t?' Gt cfOk'U5 . To;}
eP/ xfd|f k/Dk/fut k|fljlws
;Dkbfsf] 7fpF cfw'lgs k|ljlwn]
lnFb} 5 . k/Dk/fut k|fljlws
;Dkbfx¿ cf]em]n kb{} 5g\ .

xfd|f] b}lgs hLjgdf cfw'lgs
k|ljlwsf] k|of]u clgjfo{h:t}

j}v/L sIff & 20

eO;s]sf] 5 . o;sf] Pp6} pbfx/0f df]afOn kmf]gnfO{
dfg] x'G5 . ;r" gf cfbfgk|bfg ug{' dfq xf]Og, uLt
;'Gg, lel8of] x]g{, kmf]6f] lvRg, ;do x]g{ / OG6/g]6
rnfpg;d]t xfd|f] xftdf x'g] ;fgf] kmf]gsf] k|of]u
a9]sf] 5 . o;b]lv afx]s klg xfd|f] efG;fsf]7fdf
/flvPsf Uof;r'nf] / l;lnG8/, lk|mh, ldS;r/
jf u|fOG8/x¿ klg cfwl' gs k|ljlwsf gd'gf x'g\,
h;sf] k|of]ulagf ;xl/of hLjgsf] t sNkgf klg
ug{ ;lsGg eg] ufpF3/lt/ klg o:tf k|ljlwx¿sf]
k|of]udf a9f]Q/L ePsf] 5 . o;;Fu} k|];/ ss' /, /fO;s's/, dfOqmf] cf]eg, kfgL
pdfNg] efF8fx¿ efG;fdf k|of]u xg' ] cfwl' gs k|ljlwsf cGo pbfx/0f x'g\ .

6]lnkmf]g, df]afOn kmf]g / efG;f3/df k|of]u ul/g] k|ljlwafx]s
klg cGo k|z:t k|fljlws s/' fx¿ 5g\, h;sf] k|of]u xfd|f]
b}lgs hLjgdf eO/x]sf] xG' 5 . On]lS6«s cfO/g, nu' f
l;pg] d]l;g, n'uf w'g] d]l;gh:tf j:t'x¿sf] k|of]u o;sf
s]xL pbfx/0f xg' \ . dgf]/~hg / ;r" gfsf nflu k|of]u ul/g]
6]lnlehg, /]l8of], Sof;]6 Kn]o/, l;8L, l8le8L Kn]o/
cflb klg To:tf k|ljlw xg' \ h'glagf cfwl' gs hLjgsf]
sNkgf;Dd ug{ ;lsGg . o:tf k|ljlwx¿ ;DkGg JolStsf]
3/df dfq xf]Og, b}lgs Hofnfbf/Ln] hLljsf lgjf{x ug{] JolStsf] 3/df ;d]t k|of]u
eO/x]sf] xG' 5 .

lgrf]8df s] eGg'k5{ eg] k|ljlwsf] k|of]u b}lgs hLjgsf]
Pp6f cleGg kf6f] xf] . k|ljlwlagf dfgj;Eotfsf] sNkgf
klg ug{ ;lsGg . lxhf], cfh / ef]lndf km/s slt dfq
xf] eg] lxhf]sf] k|ljlw cfh k/Dk/fut x'G5 / cfhsf]
k|ljlw ef]ln k/Dk/fut x'G5 t}klg k|ljlw k|ljlw g} xf],
h;n] hLjgnfO{ ;xh / ;/n agfOlbG5 . To;sf] k|of]u
b]vfl;sL / ;fg a9fpg xf]Og, b}lgs hLjgnfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg ug{k' b{5 .

21 j}v/L sIff &

k9fO÷nv] fO

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M

k|lqmof k4lt k|ljlw tslgsL

cfslif{t rvf{ k|fljlws ;Dkbf

cfhko{Gt ;~rf/ l;lnG8/ u|fOG8/

dfOqmf] cf]eg Sof;]6 Kn]o/ Hofnfbf/L

@= 56' s] f zAb e/L jfSo k"/f u/ M

-s_ k|ljlwsf] k|of]un] b}lgs hLjgdf ul/g] ultljlwx¿ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ x'g

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ hfG5 .

-v_ k/Dk/fut k|fljlws ;Dkbfx¿ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kb{} 5g\ .

-u_ efG;fsf]7fdf /flvPsf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ klg cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf gd'gf x'g\ .

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k|ljlwsf] k|of]u b}lgs hLjgsf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kf6f] xf] .

-ª_ lxhf]sf] k|ljlw cfh ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ xG' 5 .

#= tnsf j:t'x¿nfO{ tflnsf ldNg] u/L e/ M

l9sL, df]afOn kmf]g, hfFtf], 6]lnlehg, u|fOG8/, cf]vn, rvf{, 6]lnkmf]g,

sDKo6' /, /fO;s's/, tfg, 36\6, /]l8of], Sof;]6 Kn]o/, sf]n, aonuf8f

k/Dk/fut kl| jlw cfwl' gs k|ljlw

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= hf8] f ldnfpm M - _ cfwl' gs k|ljlwsf pbfx/0f
-s_ klxnf] cgR' 5]b - _ k|ljlwsf] kl/ro
-v_ bf];|f] cg'R5]b - _ k|ljlwsf] dxŒj / lgisif{
-u_ t];|f] cg'R5]b - _ k/Dk/fut k|ljlwsf] lrgf/L
-3_ rf}yf] cgR' 5]b - _ k|ljlwsf] k|of]u / If]q
-ª_ kfFrfF} cgR' 5]b
22
j}v/L sIff &

%= kf7af6 …cfwf cIf/Ú, …/k] mÚ / …/Ú ;Fu hf]l8Psf rf/rf/ cf]6f zAb nv] M

…cfwf cIf/Ú nfu]sf …/]kmÚ nfu]sf …/Ú ;Fu hf]l8Psf

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

^= kf7af6 tnsf ;o+ f]hs nfus] f PsPs cf]6f jfSo sfkLdf ;f/ M

jf, /, eg], t}klg

&= Ps jfSodf pQ/ n]v M

-s_ k|ljlw eg]sf] s] xf] <

-v_ s'g sf/0fn] ubf{ k/Dk/fut k|ljlwx¿ cf]em]n xF'b} 5g\ <

-u_ df]afOn kmf]gdf s]s] ug{ ;lsG5 <

-3_ s]lagf ;xl/of hLjgsf] sNkgf ug{ ;lsGg <

-ª_ dgf]/~hg / ;r" gfsf nflu s]s:tf k|ljlwx¿sf] k|of]u xG' 5 <

*= sDtLdf !@ cf6] f k/Dk/fut k|ljlwsf] gfd n]v M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

(= sDtLdf !@ cf6] f cfwl' gs kl| jlwsf] gfd n]v M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

!)= krf;;f7L zAbdf pQ/ nv] M

-s_ dflg; lsg k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u5{ <

-v_ k|ljlwlagf dfgj;Eotfsf] sNkgf klg ug{ ;lsGg < ltdLnfO{ of] egfO

s:tf] nfU5 <

!!= pbfx/0f x/] L tnsf zAbx¿ k|of]u u/L jfSo agfpm M

k|ljlw M k|ljlw k|ljlw g} xf], h;n] hLjgnfO{ ;xh / ;/n agfOlbG5 .

hLjg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

lzIff M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

b'Mv M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;xof]u M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

23 j}v/L sIff &

!@= tnsf] kf7 k9 / pQ/ nv] M

wfg s6' \g, lrp/f agfpg tyf lk7f] agfpg w]/}
klxn]b]lv g} l9sLsf] k|of]u ePsf] kfOG5 . l9sL
5;ft lkm6 nfdf] / 5;ft OGr rf}8fO tyf rf/kfFr
OGr df]6fO ePsf] sf7af6 ag]sf] x'G5 . pSt
sf7nfO{ tLg v08dWo] Ps v08df Kjfn kf/]/
bO' { vDafsf] lardf c8\ofOG5 / csf{] PsltxfO
efudf d';n /flvG5 . d;' ndf bfFtL agfOPsf]
kmnfdsf] kftf hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . d;' nsf] l7sdl' g
sf7 jf 9ª' \ufsf] vf]lkN6f agfOPsf] x'G5 . o:tf]
vf]lkN6fnfO{ cf]vn elgG5 . cGg s6' \bf l9sLsf]
5f]6f] 5]plt/ v'6\6fn] lyr]/ d';n;lxtsf] efunfO{
dfly p7fOG5 . v6' \6f 5f8\bf pSt efu tn hfG5
/ cf]vndf /x]sf] cGgdf d';n ahfl/G5 . o;/L
d;' n prfNb} y]rfb{} ubf{ s6' fgLsf] sfd xG' 5 .
kZ| gx¿ M

-s_ l9sL sg' sfdsf nflu k|of]u x'G5 <
-v_ l9sL s:tf] sf7af6 ag]sf] xG' 5 <
-u_ l9sLnfO{ s;/L c8\ofOPsf] xG' 5 <
-3_ cf]vn s]af6 agfOPsf] x'G5 <
-ª_ s'6fgLsf] sfd s;/L ;DkGg x'G5 <
!#= tnsf dWo] sg' } Ps k/Dk/fut k|ljlwsf] af/]df ;f7L;Q/L zAbdf j0fg{ u/ M

j}v/L sIff & 24

zAbe08f/

!= tnsf zAb / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpm M

;Dkbf cfh;Dd

a9f]Q/L lhpkfnf]

hLljsf cnu ug{ g;lsg]

cfhko{Gt a9\b} hfg] k|lqmof

cleGg ;DklQ

@= tnsf jfSo k9L df6] f zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M

-s_ s'g} s'/fsf] lgdf{0f ug{ j}1flgs 9ª\un] sfd ug{] k4lt, l;k, 9ª\u jf

sf}zn g} kl| jlw xf] .

kl| jlw M sg' } s/' fsf] lgdf{0f ug{ j}1flgs 9ª\un] sfd ug{] k4lt, l;k,

9ª\u jf sf}zn

-v_ uf]? jf /fFufn] tfg]/ v]t hf]Tg k|of]u ul/g] sf7 / kmnfdaf6 agfOPsf]

;fwgnfO{ xnf] elgG5 .

xnf] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-u_ gs'lxof];\, glalu|of];\, tfh} /xf];\ / t/n j:t' hdf];\ eGg] pb\b]Zon]

sg' } j:t' /flvg] oflGqs pks/0fnfO{ lkm| h elgG5 .

lkm| h M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ b]zsf] dn" sfg'g g} ;l+ jwfg xf] .

;+ljwfg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-ª_ db' \bf dfldnfdf Gofo, OG;fkm ug{ /flvPsf] c8\8f g} cbfnt xf] .

cbfnt M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= tnsf zAb / ltgsf cy{x¿sf] hf]8f ldnfpm M

-s_ ;s' D' af;L 6f9f;Dd ;dfrf/ k'¥ofpg] sfo{

-v_ lznfn]v t/' Gt sljtf /rgf ug{ ;Sg] JolSt

-u_ b"/;~rf/ 3/ tyf hUuf s]xL gePsf] JolSt

-3_ /fh:j 9ª' \ufdf n]lvPsf] n]v

-ª_ cfzs' lj s/, zN' s cflbsf ¿kdf /fHonfO{ k|fKt x'g] wg

$= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/ M

k/LIff, dxfdf/L, lgMzN' s, OG6/g]6, k|];/ ss' '/

25 j}v/L sIff &

Jofs/0f

k|ljlw lg/Gt/ ;'wfl/Fb} hfG5 . klxn] dflg;x¿ ;fwf/0f
lsl;dsf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u uy{] . cfhsn dflg;x¿
cfwl' gs lsl;dsf k|ljlw k|of]u u5{g\ . k|ljlwsf]
k|of]u 3/df, pBf]udf, Jofkf/df, lzIffdf, k|zf;gdf
hxfF klg eO/x]sf] xG' 5 . k|ljlwn] dflg;nfO{ la:tf/}
cfˆgf] jzdf NofpFb} 5 . ;~rf/ / oftfoftsf] If]qdf
ePsf] cet" k"j{ k|ultn] sg' } 7fpFdf pTkfbg ePsf]
gofF k|ljlw t'?Gt ;;+ f/sf] h'g;'s} sg' fdf kU' 5 .
To;}n] ca t k|ljlw k9\g, v]Ng, Jofkf/ a9fpg, dgf]/~hg lng / TolTts} ;do
latfpg klg k|of]u xg' yfn]sf] 5 .
!= dflysf] kf7 k9 / kf7df ePsf /ª\uLg cIf/nfO{ vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] u/L e/ M

-s_ …slxn]Ú n] ;f6\g] zAbx¿ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-v_ …sxfFÚn] ;f6\g] zAbx¿ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-u_ …s;/LÚn] ;f6\g] zAbx¿ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-3_ …lsgÚn] ;f6\g] zAbx¿ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
@= …slxnÚ] , …sxfÚF , …s;/LÚ / …lsgÚ n] ;f6\g] zAbx¿nfO{ lqmofljzi] f0f elgG5 .
tnsf lqmofljz]if0fnfO{ tflnsfdf ldNg] u/L e/ M
ef]ln, ;'6'Ss, dfly, To;}, kfl/, 8N' g, ;':t/L, cf3f}F,
;/f;/, e/], ptf, ldnfpg, k5fl8, w?' w?' , cfhsn, Joy}{

…slxnÚ] n] ;f6g\ ] …sxfÚF n] ;f6g\ ] …s;/LÚn] ;f6\g] …lsgÚn] ;f6\g]

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= tnsf gfdofu] Lx¿ k|ofu] u/L PsPs cf]6f jfSo agfpm M
;Fu, ;Dd, lagf, lt/, k6\l6, cg';f/, em}F, cl3

j}v/L sIff & 26

$= lbOPsf ;o+ f]hs /fvL tnsf jfSox¿ hf]8/] Pp6} jfSo agfpm M

-s_ ltdL :sn' uof} . ltdL v]Ng yfNof} . -/_

ltdL :s'n uof} / v]Ng yfNof} .

-v_ efO ahf/ uof] . efOn] ;fdfg lsg]g . -t/_

-u_ ltdL sdhf]/ 5f} . ltdL cfFl6nf] 5f} . -tfklg_

-3_ /fd l/;fof] . xl/ l/;fof] . -klg ==== klg_

-ª_ /l:dtf :s'n cfOg . /l:dtf la/fdL lyO{ . -lsgeg]_

%= tnsf ;o+ fh] s /fvL jfSo agfpm M

clg, cyjf, To;y{, g === g

^= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] lj:doflbafw] s zAb /fv M

-s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ sqf] 7'nf] sldnf † y'Ss †
-v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ slt lr;f] kfgL . cAaO' †

-u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ s:tf] kmf]xf]/ sf]7f . x/]lzj †

-3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ s] ;'Gg'k¥of] o:tf] < cfR5' †
-ª_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ 8f8'df kfgL ttfP/ 8l' adg{' lg † 5\of †

&= ldNg] lgkft e/L tnsf] kf7 k"/f u/ M

ltdL ÒÒÒÒÒ lgs} l/;fxf /x]5f} . d t ltd|f] l/; b]v]/ 8/fPF ÒÒÒ . ÒÒÒÒ ca

sfd laufg{] /x]5f} eGg] s'/f dfq ;f]lr/x]F . wGg † s]xL ePg . ltdLnfO{ b]v]/

pgLx¿ ÒÒÒÒÒ xlRsP . ca ltdLn] ;fdfg gnfg] eof} eg]/ pgLx¿ 8/fP

ÒÒÒÒÒ . ltdLn] ;fdfg gNofPsf] eP s] x'GYof] xf]nf ÒÒÒÒÒ <

-kf], lg, t, /] , nf}, xF_

*= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ cy{ vN' g] u/L jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M

-s_ l5l5 † -r_ g}

-v_ cfxf † -5_ c/]

-u_ /fd/fd † -h_ Sof/]

-3_ wt\ † -em_ nf

-ª_ :ofaf; † -`_ xf}

27 j}v/L sIff &

;d"xdf efiff

!= tnsf j:tx' ¿sf] cfljisf/s sf] x'g\ < sIffdf 5nkmn u/L ltgsf cfljisf/s
gfd / ;Dej eP cfljisf/ ePsf] ldlt klg nv] M

cfljisf/ cfljisf/s ldlt

xjfO{hxfh

6]lnkmf]g

/]l8of]

lahn' L

sf/

/]n

On]lS6«s cfO/g

6]lnlehg

;]ˆ6L lkg -lkg l;of]_ 28

j}v/L sIff &

@= kfFrkfFr hgfsf] ;dx" ag . ca x/]s ;dx" n] tnsf dWo] s'g} Ps j:ts' f af/d] f
5nkmn u/ . 5nkmn lgDgfg;' f/sf] s'/fdfly s]lGbt| eP/ u/ . cGTodf x/]s
;d"xaf6 Ps hgfn] cfºgf] ;dx" df p7]sf] s/' f sIffdf ;'gfpm M

5nkmnsf Ifq] x¿
cfljisf/s
cfljisf/ ePsf] ldlt
kmfObf / k|of]u

29 j}v/L sIff &

l;hg{ f÷n3' kl/of]hgf

!= ltdf| ] ufpF 6f]ndf ko| fu] x'g] s'g} ;ft cf6] f k/Dk/fut k|ljlwx¿sf] gfd nv] . tL
k|ljlwx¿ s'g sfdsf nflu k|ofu] ul/G5g\ < Tof] klg nv] M

qm=;= gfd ko| fu]

!=

@=

#=

$=

%=

^=

&=

@= ltdLnfO{ ;aeGbf dxŒjk0" f{ nfUg] s'g} Ps j}1flgs cfljisf/sf af/d] f !%)
zAbdf j0fg{ u/ . ltdf| ] j0f{gnfO{ lgDgfg;' f/sf] cg'R5]bdf ;ªu\ l7t u/ M

klxnf] cg'R5]b M cfljisf/sf] kl/ro, cfljisf/s, ldlt cflb
bf];|f] cgR' 5]b M k|of]u If]q÷pkof]lutf÷k|sf/ cflb
clGtd cg'R5]b M nfe -/ xflg;d]t_ / ltdLnfO{ dxŒjk0" f{ nfUg] sf/0f

j}v/L sIff & 30

kf7– # j}v/L sIff &

gfd

31

k"j{k7g

õ hf8] f ldnfpm M

wt" {tfsf] k|tLs
zflGtsf] k|tLs
zf;ssf] k|tLs
kljqtf / ;f]emf]kgsf] k|tLs
k|]dsf] k|tLs

hflg/fVg'kg{] s]xL zAbfyx{ ¿

;xkf7L – Pp6} sIffdf ;Fu;Fu} k9\g]
hgzlSt – hgtfdf x'g] an, al' 4 cflbsf] tfut
kd| 'v – dV' oÙ xflsd
lgofNg' – l7sa]l7s 5'6\ofpg', s]nfpg'
sb/ – cfb/Ù ;Ddfg
;fwf/0f – ;fdfGoÙ dfdn' L
ljefu – kmfF6Ù zfvf
cSsgaSs xg' ' – s]xL af]Ng, eGg g;Sg] xg' Ù' csdlsg'
clko| d'b|f – g/fd|f] cgx' f/

j}v/L sIff & 32

;g' fO / afn] fO

!=  #= ;g' / tnsf] egfO s;sf] xf] < atfpm M

-s_ sfGhLxfp;leq yg' ]/ bO' { d'7f k/fndf afFr eG5 – cfhsf] :jtGqtflk|o

dfG5] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-v_ hldgsf] jf:tljs hf]tfxf dnfO{ dv' df k]?ª\uf] afFlwlbG5–cfhsf]

;dfhjfbL dfG5] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-u_ cflv/df ltdLx¿sf] ;d:of s] xf] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ xfdL ljZjsf ;d:t jfg/hflt 3/af/xLg 5f}F . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-ª_ tkfOF{ kzs' f klt eP/ klg xfdL kzx' ¿dfly sg' } jf:tf

ul/lbge' Pg . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@=  #= ;g' ]/ l7sal] 7s 5'6\ofpm M

-s_ Ps lbg laxfg} dfG5]n] kzk' ltsf] blSvg 9f]sf 9s9sfof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-v_ dfG5]x¿ dflQP t/ kzx' ¿ cflQP . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-u_ kzk' lt kz'x¿sf] /ª\ug9ª\usf] srsrn] emls{P . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ Eofu'tf] pk|m]/ kzk' ltsf cufl8 k'Uof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-ª_ ;fF9]sf cg;' f/ ;fF9]x¿ sfGhLxfp;leq y'lgPsf 5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= ltdLnfO{ dg kg{] r6' l\ snf sIffdf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm .

33 j}v/L sIff &

k9fO

gfd
– rfª a]O{

d]/f] Pp6f k'/fgf ;xkf7L sg' } ;x/sf] hgzlSt ljefudf k|d'v 5g\ . xfdL bO' {lar e]6
gePsf] b; jif{ eO;Sof] . xfn} d cfˆgf] sfdsf] nflu o; ;x/df cfPsf] lyPF /
5f]6f] ;do ldnfP/ d pgnfO{ e]6\g uPF .

d]/f ;xkf7Lsf] 3/ t];|f] tnfdf lyof] . d}n] v';Lsf ;fy pgsf] 3/sf] 9f]sf 9s9sfPF .

æsf] xf] <Æ leqaf6 Pp6f ;fgf] aRrfsf] cfjfh cfof] . p;sf] 6fpsf] klg cfwf dfq
v'n]sf] 9f]sfaf6 aflx/ lg:Sof] .

æxflsd rfªsf] 3/ oxL xf] <Æ d}n] xfF;]/ ;f]w]F .

To; s]6fn] d]/f] z/L/sf] dflyb]lv tn;Dd lgofNof] clg æyfxf 5}gÆ eGb} p;n]
9f]sf aGb u¥of] .

d cSsgaSs ePF, d t ev{/ xfF:b} u/]sf] dv' klg aGb ug{ la;{]5' .

æs:tf] vfnsf] s]6f] †Æ d}n] dgdg}
eg]F .

d}n] cfzf lnP/ kNnf] 3/sf]
9f]sf 9s9sfPF .

æs[kof, xflsd rfª Tof] csf{]
sf]7fdf a:gx' G' 5 <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .

æcF .Æ olt eg]/ Tof] 9f]sf klg
hf]8;Fu aGb ul/of] .

ca d ;fFRr} cndNndf k/]F .
oxfFsf dflg;x¿n] kfxg' fnfO{ lsg
o:tf] Jojxf/ u/]sf x'g\ <

Ps l5gkl5 d}n] km]l/ d]/f
;xkf7Lsf] 3/sf] 9f]sf hf]8;Fu
9s9sfPF / 7n' f] :j/n] s/fPF .

j}v/L sIff & 34

ærfª kfpl5g 3/df 5g\ <Æ
æsfsf † d]/f a'af 3/df xg' x' G' g . tkfO{F leq a:g'xf];\ .Æ
ca To; s]6fsf] cg'xf/df klxnfsf] h:tf] clk|o d'b|f lyPg .
pm clncln xFl;nf] klg b]lvGYof] . p;sf] pd]/ cf7gf} jif{ xf]nf . pm clncln
df]6f], xfF:bfv]l/ dfof nfUbf]h:tf] lyof] .
d a}7sdf uP/ Pp6f ;f]kmfdf a;]F .
æd ltd|f a'afsf] k/' fgf] ;xkf7L x'F . SofDk;df 5Fbf xfdL b'O{ Psbd} ldNg] ;fyL lyof}F .
cfh d pgnfO{ e]6\g dfq cfPsf] x'F .Æ
d}n] oL s'/f ubf{ Pp6f On]lS6«s 38L ePsf] snd klg p;nfO{ lbPF . pm Psbd v';L
eof] . p;sf 7'nf–7n' f cfFvfdf k|sfz klg emlNsof] .
æaa' f Ps l5gkl5 cfpg'xG' 5 . tkfO{F oxfF a:b} ug{x' f];\ . d tkfO{FnfO{ lrof NofOlbG5'
x} †Æ
d}n] p;nfO{ ;dft]/ lh:SofPF – æltdL ca dnfO{ /fd|f] Jojxf/ ug{ yfNof}, ev{/ d}n]
9f]sf 9s9sfpFbf ltdLn] dnfO{ lsg leq k:g lbPgf} <Æ

35 j}v/L sIff &

ætkfO{Fn] a'afnfO{ …xflsdÚ eGg'ePsf] x'gfn] .Æ

æxf] / < ltd|f] aa' f hgzlSt ljefusf xflsd xf]Ogg\ / <Æ

æxf] t/, t/ aa' fn] klxn] dnfO{ s] eGge' Psf] lyof] eg] …xflsdÚ eGg]x¿nfO{ d}n]
s]xL klg geGgÙ" t/ ;f]em} pxfFsf] gfd af]nfpg]x¿nfO{ rflxF 3/leq a;fpg" .Æ

dnfO{ leqL dgb]lv g} d]/f ;xkf7LnfO{ sb/ ug{ dg nfUof] . pgL 7'nf dfG5] eP/
klg ;fwf/0fh:tf /x]5g\ .

æTo;f] eP ltd|f a'afn] cfkmn" fO{ …xflsdÚ eg]sf] dg k/fpFb}gg\ t <Æ

æxf], pxfF eGgx' 'G5 – …xflsdÚ eGg]x¿ kSs} pxfF;Fu s]xL dfUg cfpg] tNnf] :t/sf
dflg; xg' \Ù t/ pxfFsf] gfd ;f]em} af]nfpg]x¿ rflxF pxfFeGbf dflysf dflg; x'g\ .Æ

dnfO{ lg/fzfn] 5f]of] . d]/f] /fd|f] d8' t'?Gt} lalu|xfNof] .

To; s]6fn] km]l/ eGof] – æt/ d]/L cfdfn] klg dnfO{ l;sfpge' Psf] 5 – h'g dfG5]sf]
xftdf pkxf/ xG' 5, To;n] hg' ;s' } ;Daf]wg u/] klg To;nfO{ leq k:g lbgx' 'G5 .Æ

;fef/ M ;n' ]vs
-lrlgofF n3' syfsf] ;Fufnf]_

j}v/L sIff & 36

k9fO

!= tnsf zAbx¿ k:| 6;uF k9 M

hgzlSt k|d'v cSsgaSs cndNn clk|o d'b|f

SofDk; On]lS6«s emlNsof] lh:SofPF Jojxf/ :t/

lalu|xfNof] ;Daf]wg leq lbgx' G' 5 ;xkf7L k|sfz

@= dflysf] kf7 dgdg} k9 .

#= l7sal] 7s 5'6\ofpm M

-s_ o; syfdf n]vs rfª a]O{ x'g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-v_ …dÚ kfq hgzlSt ljefusf xflsd x'g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-u_ rfª kfpl5g s'g} ;x/sf] hgzlSt ljefusf k|d'v xg' \ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ s]6f] b;P3f/ jif{hltsf] lyof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-ª_ rfª kfpl5gn] cfkm"nfO{ gfd}n] af]nfpg]nfO{ dfq leq k;fpg' eg]sf]

lyof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-r_ s6] fsL cfdfn] xftdf pkxf/ lnP/ cfpgn] fO{ 3/leq gk;fpg' egs] L /lx5g\ .
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= tnsf egfOx¿ s;sf xg' \ < lrg / nv] M

-s_ sfsf † d]/f a'af 3/df xg' 'x'Gg . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-v_ hg' dfG5]sf xftdf pkxf/ xG' 5, To;n] h'g;s' } ;Daf]wg u/] klg To;nfO{ leq

k:g lbg" . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-u_ d ltd|f aa' fsf] ;xkf7L x'F . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ a'af Ps l5gkl5 cfpgx' 'G5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-ª_ To;f] eP ltd|f a'afn] cfkm"nfO{ xflsd eg]sf] dg k/fpFb}gg\ t < ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

%= syfsf cfwf/df tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ != @= # === sf] qmddf /fv M

- _ s]6fn] xflsd eg]/ af]nfpg]x¿ s]xL dfUg cfpg] tNnf] :t/sf dflg; / gfd}n]

af]nfpg]x¿ rflxF pxfFeGbf dflyNnf] :t/sf xg' \ eg]/ a'afn] eg]sf] s'/f ;'gfpg,'

- _ pgn] xflsd ;fyLsf] 3/sf] 9f]sf 9S9SofpFb} xflsd rfªsf] 3/ oxL xf] eg]/ ;f]Wg,'

- _ s]6fn] cfˆgf] a'afn] cfkmn" fO{ xflsd eGg]x¿nfO{ 3/df gk;fpg" t/ gfd}n]

af]nfpg]nfO{ k:g' lbg" eg]sf] s/' f ;'gfpg,'

- _ Pp6f ;fgf] s]6fn] 9f]sf cfwf vf]n]/ …yfxf 5}gÚ eg]/ 9f]sf aGb ug{,'

- _ o;k6s s]6fn] k"/} 9f]sf vf]n]/ pgnfO{ 3/leq k;fpg,'

- _ Ps hgf JolSt hgzlSt ljefudf xflsd ePsf] cfˆgf] k/' fgf] ;fyLnfO{ e]6\g hfg,'

- _ pgL cfºgf] ;fyL 7'nf dfG5] eP/ klg ;fwf/0fh:tf /x]5g\ eg]/ dVv kb{} s]6fnfO{

p;sf afan' ] xflsd eg]/ af]nfPsf] dg k/fpFb}gg\ t eg]/ ;f]Wg,'

- _ Ps l5gkl5 To; dfG5]n] 7'nf] :j/n] rfª kfpl5g 3/}df 5g\ eg]/ s/fpg',

- _ pgL s]6fsf] Jojxf/b]lv 5Ss kb{} s]6fnfO{ To:tf] Jojxf/sf] sf/0f ;f]Wg,'

37 j}v/L sIff &

n]vfO

!= kf7af6 lgDgfg;' f/ rf/rf/ cf6] f zAb n]v M

cfwf cIf/ nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

rGb|laGb' nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

/]km nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

…/Ú ;Fu hf]l8Psf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= Ps jfSodf pQ/ n]v M

-s_ …dÚ kfqn] cfˆgf k/' fgf ;xkf7LnfO{ ge]6]sf] slt jif{ ePsf] lyof] <

-v_ s]6fn] klxn] …dÚ kfqnfO{ s:tf] Jojxf/ u¥of] <

-u_ …dÚ kfq lsg cndNndf k¥of] <

-3_ s]6f] s'g pd]/sf] lyof] xf]nf <

-ª_ s]6fn] lsg 9f]sf gvf]n]sf] /x]5 <

-r_ …dÚ kfqnfO{ cfˆgf ;xkf7LnfO{ lsg sb/ ug{ dg nfUof] <

-5_ s]6fsf cg;' f/ …xflsdÚ eGg]x¿ s:tf dfG5] /x]5g\ <

-h_ cGTodf d kfqsf] d8' lsg lalu|xfNof] <

#= rf/kfrF jfSodf pQ/ nv] M

-s_ s]6fn] klxn] lsg 9f]sf vf]n]g t/ kl5 lsg vf]Nof] <

-v_ kNnf] 3/sf] 9f]sf klg lsg hf]8;Fu aGb ul/Psf] xf]nf <

-u_ …dÚ kfq 3/leq k;]kl5 s]6f;Fu s]s:tf s'/f eP <

-3_ rfª kfpl5g s:tf] dfG5] /x]5 < syfsf cfwf/df n]v .

$= kf7af6 tnsf zAb k|ofu] ePsf PsPs cf]6f jfSo n]v M

;Dd M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

t M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;Fu M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

x} M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

t/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

h:tf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

%= tnsf lrq x/] L pgLx¿lar s]s:tf s'/f eP xfn] fg\ < cg'dfg u/L bO' { hgflar ePsf] 5f6] f]

s'/fsfgL -;+jfb_ agfpm M

;fgL s]6L M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

7'nf] dfG5] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;fgL s]6L M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

7n' f] dfG5] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;fgL s]6L M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

7'nf] dfG5] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;fgL s]6L M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

j}v/L sIff & 38

zAbe08f/

!= tn cy{ lbOPsf 5g\ . cy;{ uF ldNg] zAb 5fg]/ nv] M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – ;DdfgÙ cfb/ ljefu
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – g/fd|f]Ù Kof/f] gePsf] clk|o
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – hgtfdf xg' ] an, al' 4 cflbsf] tfut ;xkf7L
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – l7s a]l7s 5'6\ofpgÙ' s]nfpg' hgzlSt
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – d'VoÙ xflsd k|dv'
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – kmfF6Ù zfvf lgofNg'
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – Pp6} sIffdf ;Fu;Fu} k9\g] ;fyL sb/
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – s]xL af]Ng g;Sg] x'gÙ' csdlsg' cSsgaSs xg' '

@= tnsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb kf7af6 vfh] ]/ n]v M

gofF ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ufpF ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

aflx/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ldq ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

lg/fzf ÒÒÒÒÒÒ vN' nf ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

lk|o ÒÒÒÒÒÒ cf]Nnf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

b'MvL ÒÒÒÒÒÒ tn ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= tnsf cgs' /0ffTds zAb / lqmofdn" sf] hf]8f ldnfpm M

cSsgaSs plk|mg'

9s9s a:g'

km'Q af]Ng'

ykSs x'g'

KjfSs kg{'

cndNn 9f]sf 9s9sfpg'

$= tnsf cg's/0ffTds zAb ko| fu] u/L jfSo agfpm M

d;' 'Ss, e/' {, 9\ofDd, etetL, w'?w?'

39 j}v/L sIff &

Jofs/0f

!= tnsf lqmofkbnfO{ pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} u/L cf1fyd{ f abn M

a;\ – a:g" k9\ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

n]v\ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒ a;fp – ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

k9fp – ÒÒÒÒÒÒ n]vfp – ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

8'nfp – ÒÒÒÒÒÒ vf – ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= tnsf jfSonfO{ pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} u/L cf1fyd{ f abn M

-s_ ltdLn] efOnfO{ a;fpg" . -a;fp_

-v_ ltdLn] ;fyLnfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -k9fp_

-u_ ltdLn] ;fyLx¿nfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -8'nfp_

-3_ ltdLn] ko{6snfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -3'dfp_

-ª_ ltdLn] bz{snfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -xF;fp_

-r_ ltdLn] ljBfyL{nfO{ u[xsfo{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -u/fp_

#= tnsf jfSonfO{ sf]i7ssf ;xfotfn] cf1fyd{ f abn M

-s_ ltdL 3/ hfpm . -hf_

-v_ tF /fd|/L ÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -k9\_

-u_ ltdL vfhf ÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -vf_

-3_ tF oxfF ÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -a;\_

-ª_ ltdL sljtf ÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -n]v\_

-r_ ltdLx¿ 3/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -cfp_

$= tnsf jfSonfO{ pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} ;Defjgfyd{ f abn M

-s_ pm 3/ hfG5 . pm 3/ hfnf .

-v_ ;fyLx¿ 3/ cfpF5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-u_ To;n] w]/} k9\5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ pgLx¿ w]/} k9\5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-ª_ cfh 3fd nfU5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-r_ xfdL syf n]V5f}F . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

j}v/L sIff & 40

%= zAb hf8] ]/ gofF zAb lgdf0{ f u/ M

;x ± kf7L Ö ;xkf7L ;x ± of]uL Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;x ± ;lrj Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;x ± sdL{ Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;x ± ofqL Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;x ± efj Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;x ± dfuL{ Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;x ± wdL{ Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

^= tnsf zAb / k|Too hf8] /] gofF zAb agfpm M

/; ± Onf] Ö /l;nf] xfF; ± Onf] Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

s; ± Onf] Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ dn ± Onf] Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ug' ± Onf] Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ gg' ± Onf] Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

b'w ± Onf] Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;/' ± Onf] Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

&= tnsf pk;u{ / zAb hf]8/] gofF zAb agfpm M

k| ± d'v Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ lj ± efu Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

lg/\ ± cfzf Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ c ± lk|o Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

k| ± of]u Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ pk ± xf/ Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;' ± sd{ Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ c ± sfn Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

*= tnsf zAb bf]xf¥] ofP/ gofF zAb agfpm M

cfˆgf] ± cfˆgf] Ö cfcfˆgf] cfˆgf]cfˆgf]

7'nf ± 7'nf Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;fgf ± ;fgf Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

s;sf] ± s;sf] Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

h;sf] ± h;sf] Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

41 j}v/L sIff &

;dx" df efiff

!= ltdf| ;ft hgf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;fw] L pgLx¿sf] hGdldlt, hGd :yfg / gfdsf]
cy{÷gfd /xgfsf] sf/0f n]v M

qm=;= ;fyLsf] gfd hGdldlt hGd:yfg gfdsf] cy{÷gfd /xgfsf] sf/0f

!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
&=

@= bO' {bO' { hgf ldnL tnsf] sf7] ]kb e/ M !^

7f8f] & ( % !)
!= d'Vo -#_
@= ;dfrf/ -#_ @ !$ !& !!
#= tlGsg] j:t' -#_
%= ;f]emf] -@_ !#
*= hftleqsf] Ps klxrfg -@_
!)= nf]e ug]{ -@_ # !% *
!!= kfFr kf08jdWo] Pssf] gfd -$_
!@= gjLg -@_ !^ !@
!#= p8\g] ofg -#_
!$= Ps lsl;dsf] kmn -#_ $
!&= rfdn aG5 -@_
&= tn -@_
t];f]{ (= /;}/; ePsf] -#_
!%= k'/fgf] oftfoftsf] ;fwg -@_
!= pHofnf] -#_ !^= kftsf] yfn -#_

@= c;nsf] pN6f] -#_

$= Ps k|sf/sf] /l;nf] ld7fO{ -$_

^= lzjsf] csf]{ gfd -#_

j}v/L sIff & 42

l;h{gf÷n3' kl/ofh] gf

!= tnsf sf7] fdf pkoS' t tl:a/ 6fF; / ldNg] ;"rgfx¿ e/ M

a'afsf] kf;kf]6{ gfd M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
;fOhsf] kmf]6f] hGdldlt M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
hGd:yfg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
lzIff M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
k];f M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

cfdfsf] gfd M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
kf;kf]6{ hGdldlt M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
;fOhsf] kmf]6f] hGd:yfg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
lzIff M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
k];f M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ltd|f] kf;kf]6{ gfd M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
;fOhsf] kmf]6f] hGdldlt M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
hGd:yfg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ljBfno M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
dg kg]{ v]n M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= dflysf ;r" gfsf cfwf/df aa' f, cfdf / ltd|f] af/]df PsPs cg'R5]b n]v .

#= ltdLnfO{ /fd|f] nfUg] r6' l\ snf tnsf] vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

43 j}v/L sIff &

j}v/L sIff & kf7– $

;fyLnfO{ lr7L

44

k"jk{ 7g

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

õ dflysf j:t'x¿sf] gfd n]v . logLx¿lar s] ;dfgtf 5 <

hflg/fVg'kg{] sx] L zAbfyx{ ¿

x/kn – x/]s knÙ x/]s ;do

Gof;f| ] – cfˆgf] lxt}ifL gxF'bf xg' ] lvGgtf

j0f{g – JofVof

hfb'u/L – cfZro{hgsÙ hfb'doL

nuftf/ – lg/Gt/Ù Pskl5 csf{]

ze' lrGts – /fd|f] ;f]Rg]Ù c;n xf];\ eGg] 7fGg]

t'ngLo – tn' gf ul/g]

zl} Ifs ofU] otf – k9]/ k|fKt u/]sf] :yfg

cj;/ – df}sf

jl~rt – 7luPsf]Ù kl5 kfl/Psf]

lxt}ifL – lxQlrQ ldNg]Ù sNof0f rfxg]

ki|] fs – k7fpg]

k|fks – kfpg]

45 j}v/L sIff &

;'gfO / af]nfO

!=  $ ;'g / l7sa]l7s 5'6o\ fpm M

-s_ of] lr7L sf}zn6f/, eStk'/af6 n]lvPsf] xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-v_ of] lr7Ldf nv] sn] lbbLn] ksfpge' Psf] ;n] /f6] L vfg gkfPsf] s/' f 5 .
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-u_ n]vsnfO{ y?gL lbbLn] ksfpg'ePsf] eSsfsf] ofb cfPsf] 5 .
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-3_ n]vsn] lr7Ldf Onfdsf] lrofaufgsf] s'/f u/]sf 5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-ª_ n]vsn] dflxnf dfdfnfO{ cfˆgf] ;nfd ;'gfOlbg eg]sf 5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-r_ nv] sn] latfd{ f8] sf l/S;fjfnf bfOnfO{ gd:t] ;g' fOlbg egs] f 5g\ .
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
@=  $ ;g' ]/ l7s pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ n]vs lsg dfO{a]gL d]nf hfg g;s]sf x'g\ <
-v_ n]vsn] efOnfO{ s] vf]lhx]g{" eg]sf 5g\ <
-u_ n]vsn] s;;Fu, sxfF / s;/L km'6an v]Ng gkfPsf] s'/f u/]sf 5g\ <
-3_ n]vsn] s;s;nfO{ cfkm" l56\6} emfkf cfpg] s'/f ;'gfOlbg efOnfO{
cx|fPsf 5g\ <
-ª_ of] lr7L s'g ldltdf s;n] n]v]sf x'g\ <
#= ltdLn] kl5Nnf] ;do ed| 0f u/s] f gofgF ofF 7fpF jf s'g} dn] f, tLys{ f af/d] f
;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm .
$= afNosfndf hfgLhfgL y'k}| uNtL / abdf;Lx¿ ul/G5g\ . ltdf| ] hLjgdf klg o:tf
yk' }| uNtL jf abdf;L eP xfn] fg\ . ltdLn] u/]sf] s'g} Pp6f uNtL jf abdf;Lsf
af/]df sIffdf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;'gfpm .

j}v/L sIff & 46

k9fO

;fyLnfO{ lr7L

ldlt @)&$÷#÷@*
;LtfkfOnf, sf7df8f+}

Kof/f] ;fyL ks| fz
x/kn ;Demgf †

cf/fd /xL cf/fdsf] sfdgf ub{5' .
sIff ^ pQL0f{ u/]kl5 d aa' fcfdf;uF
sf7df8f}F cfPF . To;kl5 eg] xfd|f] e]6
xg' ;s]sf] 5}g . o;f] Ps bO' {kN6
ltdLn] klg lr7L k7fof} . To;kl5
xfdf| ] ;Dks{ lsg ePg < t/ k|sfz † dnfO{ eg] ltdf| ] Gof;f| ] Psbd} nfu]sf]
5 . w]/k} 6s ;kgLdf klg d}n] ltdLnfO{ b]vs] f] 5' .

k|sfz † cl:t ltdf| sfsf sf7df8fF} cfpFbf pxf;F Fu d/] f] e6] ePsf] lyof] . dn} ]
ltdL / ltdf| ] kl/jf/sf] ;Dk"0f{ xfnva/ pxfaF f6 g} yfxf kfPF .

;j{k|yd t ltdL ;f]/ jif{d'lg -cG8/ l;S;l6g_sf] /fli6o« km'6an l6ddf
5flgP5f} . o; va/n] dnfO{ olt v;' L t'Nofof] ls j0f{g u//] ;fWo 5}g .
ltd|f] vn] df hfbu' /L lyof] . ltd|f] nuftf/sf] ko| f; clxn] cfP/ ;kmn eof] .
o; va/n] sg' rflxF z'elrGts v;' L x'Fbg} / †

47 j}v/L sIff &

csf{] s/' fn] eg] d Tolts} bM' vL klg ePF . clxn] ltdL k9\g dg ub{g} f} /] .
ljBfno klg hfFb}gf} /] . ca d km'6an vn] ]/} hLjg latfpF5' eGb} k9fOlt/sf
s'/} ug{ rfxbF }gf} /] . olb of] s/' f ;fFrf] xf] eg] ks| fz, ltdL unt ub{} 5f} .
cfhsf] ou' df k9fO;Fu sg' } s/' f t'ngLo g} xbF' }gg\ . ltdL /fdf| ] vN] 5f} . of]
ltd|f] Pp6f l;k xf] . x]/, cf}krfl/s lzIff x/s] 7fpdF f rflxG5 . vn] ]/ ltdL hlt
dfly k'u t/ ltd|f] zl} Ifs of]Uotf 5g} eg] x/]s If0f kl5 k5f{} . sltko b]zdf
t Pp6f lglZrt z}lIfs ofU] otf gePsf dfG5n] fO{ v]ndf kj| z] klg lbOFb}g
lsgls ToxfF x/s] sfds'/f ug{ gk9s] f dfG5n] ] ;Sb} ;Sbg} g\ .

k|sfz † ltdL v]n . gv]n eg]sf] xfO] g . d]/f] egfO ltdLn] v]nsf ;fy;fy
k9fOnfO{ klg cufl8 a9fpgk' 5{ eGg] dfq xf] . o;n] ltdLnfO{ cufl8 a9\gdf
cem Pp6f cfwf/ k|bfg ub{5 . cfhefl] n t vn] sb' nfO{ ;Ddfg ub{} ljleGg
;ª\3;:+ yfn] v]nf8LnfO{ /fdf| ] 7fpFdf hflu/ klg lbg] u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] ;dt]
o; ljifodf /fd|f] ;f]r agfPsf] 5 . olb ltdLn] k9]gf} eg] kl5 v]ns'bsf
;fydf kf| Kt x'g] o:tf cj;/af6 jl~rt xg' ]5f} .

k|sfz † ltdf| ] lxti} fL ldq x'F . d t ltd|} enf] g} rfxG5' . of] kq kfPkl5 ltdLn]
dnfO{ kq nV] g5] f} / k9fOsf ljifodf k'glj{rf/ ug{5] f} eGg] cfz}cfzdf kqaf6
labf rfxG5' .

ltdf| ] lxti} fL ldq vfdsf] gdg' f
ufl] jGb lg/f}nf

k|i] fs kf| ks
uf}ljGb lg/f}nf k|sfz >i] 7
;LtfkfOnf, sf7df8fF,} sdn ufpkF flnsf–$, s]vf{
kf]:6 aS; g+= (!@ emfkf

j}v/L sIff & 48

k9fO

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;uF pRrf/0f u/ M

;Dks{ Gof;|f] ;Dk0" f{ ;j{k|yd cG8/ l;S;l6g

/fli6«o ;fWo ze' lrGts of]Uotf k|j]z

ljleGg ;ª\3;+:yf lxt}ifL kg' lj{rf/ jl~rt

@= l7sa]l7s 5'6\ofpm M

-s_ of] lr7L @* dª\l;/, @)&$ df n]lvPsf] xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-v_ of] lr7L k|sfz eGg] JolStn] n]v]sf] xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-u_ k|sfz ;f]/ jif{dl' gsf] /fli6«o km'6an l6ddf 5flgPsf] /x]5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ k|sfznfO{ km'6an v]Ng dg kb{}g . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-ª_ of] lr7L s]vf{, sdn ufpFkflnsf–#,emfkfaf6 n]lvPsf] xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= Ps jfSodf pQ/ n]v M

-s_ of] lr7L sxfFaf6 n]lvPsf] xf] <

-v_ of] lr7L s;n] s;nfO{ n]v]sf] xf] <

-u_ uf]ljGbn] k|sfzsf] va/ s;/L yfxf kfPsf] /x]5 <

-3_ k|sfzn] lsg k9fOlt/ Wofg glbPsf] xf] <

-ª_ v]nf8Ln] k9]g eg] s]s:tf a]kmfObf xG' 5g\ <

$= dflysf] lr7Ldf uf]ljGbn] ks| fznfO{ eGg vfh] s] f] s/' f s] xf] < ;f7L;Q/L zAbdf

j0fg{ u/ .

%= JolStut lr7L n]Vbf Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿ k9 tyf JolStut lr7Lsf] 9frF f x]/ .

To;kl5 k|sfzsf tkm{af6 ufl] jGbnfO{ nl] vg] Pp6f 5f6] f] lr7L n]v .

JolQmut lr7L nV] bf Wofg lbg'kg]{ s/' fx¿

-s_ kfgfsf] b]a|]lt/ l;/fgdf kq n]vssf] 7]ufgf / ldlt pNn]v ug{]

-v_ 7]ufgf / ldlt n]lv;s]kl5 Ps kª\lSt 5f8]/ ;Daf]wg / ;Daf]wgdl' g

lzi6frf/ JoSt ug{]

-u_ lzi6frf/ JoSt ul/;s]kl5 Ps kª\lSt 5f]8]/ Ps jf ljleGg cg'R5]bdf

dV' o ljifo n]vL ;dfks jfSo÷jfSof+z n]Vg]

-3_ To;kl5 Ps kª\lSt 5f]8]/ k|fks;Fusf] ;DaGw / cfˆgf] gfd n]Vg]

-ª_ vfd agfpFbf vfdsf] aflx/k6\l6 b]a|]lt/ k7fpg]sf] gfd / bflxg]lt/ kfpg]

sf] gfd, gfddl' g 7u] fgf nV] g] . 7u] fgf pNnv] ubf{ gfddl' g 6fn] ÷ufp,F To;dl' g

uf=kf÷g=kf= j8f / To;dl' g lhNnf, lhNnfdl' g kb| z] nV] g] .

49 j}v/L sIff &

JolStut lr7Lsf] 9frF f

!= ldlt != 7]ufgf
7]ufgf ldlt

@= ;Daf]wg @= ;Daf]wg
lzi6frf/ lzi6frf/

#= sz' n sfdgf÷ljifo k|j]z

#= -s_ s'zn sfdgf / d"n s'/f
enfs;' f/L÷ljifo k|j]z 6ª' \UofpgL

-v_ dn" s/' f $= k|fks;Fusf] ;DaGw
gfd

-u_ 6ª' \UofpgL

$= k|fks;Fusf] ;DaGw
gfd÷x:tfIf/

^= tnsf] lgjb] g k9 / pTt/ n]v M

ldlt M @)&$÷)#÷)$

>Ldfg\ kw| fgfWofks
efg' dfWoflds ljBfno
lzj;tfIfL–!, emfkf

ljifo M labfsf ;DaGwdf .

dxfb] o,
pko'{St ;DaGwdf d/] f] 3/df kl;{ ^ ut] zq' maf/sf lbg sn' k"hfsf] cfofh] gf
ul/Psf] 5 . pSt s'n kh" fdf kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:ox¿ /xg'kg{] ePsfn] pSt
lbg d ljBfnodf pkl:yt x'g c;dy{ /xg5] ' . To;y{ pSt Ps lbgsf nflu
dnfO{ labf hgfOlbgx' 'g >Ldfg\;dIf xflbs{ cg/' fw] ub{5' .

lgjb] s
kf| lKt a:gt]
sIff – &

j}v/L sIff & 50