Oasis Applied Grammar 8 New

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 51 u. You'd help me, ...................................... ? v. He must not go, ...................................... ? w. The deer are grazing, ...................................... ? x. I have to help her, ...................................... ? y. She is too young, ...................................... ? C. Add question tags to the following: a. We shall go there, ...................................... ? b. He used to beat me, ...................................... ? c. This winter hasn't been cold, ...................................... ? d. I'd better go, ...................................... ? e. Mohan looks tired, ...................................... ? f. You did not go to school, ...................................... ? g. Let's go out, ...................................... ? h. He is a writer, ...................................... ? i. He used to work there, ...................................... ? j. They ought to be there, ...................................... ? k. You can swim welt, ...................................... ? l. He sang welt, ...................................... ? m. Boys don't like to wash, ...................................... ? n. You like coffee, ...................................... ? o. Ram's mother goes to market, ...................................... ? p. He has to cook rice, ...................................... ? q. Neither of them is happy, ...................................... ? r. You daren't do this, ...................................... ? s. Read the book, ...................................... ? t. Ram and Shyam seldom help us, ...................................... ? u. You'd help me, ...................................... ? v. I'm not a butcher, ...................................... ? w. Boys are asked to wash, ...................................... ?

52 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 x. Those were mine, ...................................... ? y. Let me go, ...................................... ? z. Sita and Rita went to school, ...................................... ? D. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct questions tags from brackets: a. Ganga cried ................. ? (wasn't she, didn't she, isn't she?) b. Everybody has an intention of passing this exam, ................. ? (isn't it hasn't he, haven't they, don't they) c. Barking dog seldom bites, ................. ? (doesn't it, does it, isn't it, is it) d. Hari had coffee with me, ................. ? (had he, hadn't he, did he, didn't he) e. Your father is not a doctor, ................. ? (is he, isn't he, does he) f. He never gets angry, ................. ? (doesn't he, does he, did he? g. Let's go by bus, ................. ? (will you, shall we, isn't she) h. They'd rather do this, ................. ? (wouldn't they, would they, hadn't they) i. Everyone saw the accident, ................. ? (mustn't he, mustn't everybody, didn't they) j. He has to solve it, ................. ? (doesn't he, hasn't he, didn't he) k. Everybody must do it, ................. ? (mustn't he, mustn't everybody, mustn't they) l. Do it yourself, ................. ? (do you, will you, would you) m. She had a baby, ................. ? (hadn't she, didn't she, had she) n. Roshan's gone to school, ................. ? (isn't he, wasn't he, hasn't he) o. She hardly drinks, ................. ? (doesn't she, does she, is she) p. No one is present, ................. ? (are they, aren't they, is he) q. Sita's brushed the floor, ................. ? (isn't she, hasn't she, doesn't she) r. You like Shakespeare's play ................. ?(didn't you, don't you, hasn't you, haven't you) s. I am a doctor, ................. ? (am not I, aren't I, don't I) t. Everyone knows her, ................. ? (doesn't she, doesn't he, don't they)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 53 u. Let's have breakfast ................. ? (haven't we, will you, shall we) v. Get out, ................. ? (don't you, will you, do you) w. She has to labour hard, ................. ? (hasn't she, has she, doesn't she) x. Neither of them laughed, ................. ? (didn't he, didn't they, did they) y. She seldom has meat, ................. ? (doesn't she, does she, has she) z. Let's write together, ................. ? (shall we, will you, will we) za. Everybody helped the old, ................. ? (did he, didn't they, did they) zb. He'd better stop drinking, ................. ? (didn't he, hadn't he, wouldn't he) zc. He's now reading a book, ................. ? (isn't he, hasn't he, wasn't he) zd. Let's go to Nagarkot, ................. ?(will you, won't we, shall we) ze. He's already gone out, ................. ? (isn't he, hasn't he, wasn't he) E. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct questions tags from the brackets: a. Everything is perishable, ................. ? (isn't it isn't there, aren't they) b. I'm tired and hungry, ................. ? (isn't it, aren't t am I) c. I'm right, ................. ? (aren't t hasn't t am I) d. Let's do our homework, ................. ? (will you, shall we, don't we) e. Ram and Dilli will finish the work, ....... ? (wont he, wont they, will they) f. Niru never gets angry, ................. ? (does she, doesn't she, did she) g. I'm a nurse, ................. ? (amn't I, aren't t don't I) h. Let me open the door, ................. ? (shall we, shan't you, will you) i. None helped me last week, ................. ? (did the)'t did she, don't she, won't she) j. Sheela, bring me your pen, ................. ? (will you, will she, don't she, won't she) k. He's singing a song, ................. ? (won't he, hadn't he, isn't he) l. Bhim and Nakul will finish the work, ................. ? (won't he, wont they, don't they) m. Someone t' s wat' b'ng for you, ................. .? (t' snIt someone, t' snIt he, arenIt they)

54 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 n. He's a wealthy man, ................. ? (is he, isn't he, didn't he) o. Let's go out, ................. ? (shall we, isn't it, is it) p. There is a big pond in front of Durbar School ................. ? (isn't it, aren't there, isn't there) q. Everybody knows the answer, ................. ? (doesn't the)'t don't they, doesn't he) r. Have a cup of tea, ................. ? (will you, have you, haven't you) s. Let me start a new business, ................. ? (shall I, will you, will I) t. You'd do your homework daily, ................. ? (don't you, shouldn't you, wouldn't you) F. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct question tages from brackets: a. Let's have a walk, ................. ? (will you, shall we, don't we) b. Someone helped me yesterday ............... ? (didn't he, did they, didn't they) c. Please sit down, ................. ? (will he, shall you, will you) d. Students do not go to school on Saturdays, ................. ? (do they, don't they, do we) e. I had a nice talk to her yesterday, ................. ? (hadn't I, had I, didn't I) f. Reenu seldom goes out, ................. ? (doesn't she, does she, don't she, do she) g. John had coffee, ................. ? (didn't John, hadn't John, didn't he) h. You'd rather wait for a while, ................. ? (didn't you, don't you, wouldn't you) i. Nobody gave me a book, ................. ? (didn't he, didn't they, did he, did they) j. Open the door, ................. ? (will you, shall we, shan't we) k. Let's do this, ................. ? (will you, shall we, will we) l. There's a cat in the garden, ................. ? (isn't it, isn't there, aren't they) m. No one is satisfied, ................. ? (is he, are they, will they) n. Help me, ................. ? (will you, do you, don't you)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 55 o. Everything is important in this world, ................. ? (is it, isn't it, has it) p. Let us have some food, ................. ? (shall we, will you, haven't you) q. I am right ................. ? (aren't I, haven't I, isn't I) r. Meet me tomorrow, ................. ? (will you, shall you, won't you) s. I am very late, ................. ? (am not I, am I, aren't I) t. Come and play with me, ................. ? (do you, don't you, will you) v. She had a lot of clothes, ................. ? (hadn't she, didn't she, had she) w. Nothing is kept in my bag ................. ? (is there, isn't it, is it) x. Everyone is looking at me, ................. ? (are they, is he, aren't they) y. You'd better stop teasing her, ..... ? (wouldn't you, hadn't you, don't you) z. I had a dream last night, ................. ? (hadn't I, didn't I, didn't have I) G. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct question tag from the brackets: a. They went to the river, ................. ? (did they, don't they, didn't they) b. English is spoken all over the world, ................. ? (isn't English, doesn't it, isn't it) c. Don't talk so loudly, ................. ? (do you, will you, would you) d. You daren't do this, ................. ?(will you, dare you, are you) e. I may borrow a book, ................. ? (don't I, mayn't I, may I) f. One can see him ................. ? (can't he, one, can't they) g. All the same it's pity, ................. ? (is it, isn't it, aren't they) h. I'm not in time, ................. ? (amn't I, are I, am I) i. She won't like that, ................. ? (does she, will she, won't she) j. We shall sing a pop song, ................. ? (shall we, won't we, shan't we) k. Leela has her meal, ............... ? (hasn't she, doesn't she, has she) l. Have a drink, ............... ? (have you, will you, don't you) m. Nikita says, "She is not feeling well, ........ ?" (is she, isn't she, doesn't she) n. You'd better stop drinking .......... ? (hadn't you, wouldn't you, didn't you) o. Nobody laughed, .............. ? (didn't they, did he, did they)

56 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 p. We shall see them next week, ......... ? (shan't we, shan't they, shall we) q. We may go in, .............. ? (don't we, mayn't we, may not we) r. You'd rather go swimming, ....... ? (didn't you, hadn't you, wouldn't you) s. You never used to drink so much, ........ ? (didn't you, did you, don't you) t. Have a look at it, ............... ? (do you, will you, haven't you) u. We had a problem, ................. ? (hadn't we, didn't we, don't we) v. They won the match, ................. ? (did they, won't they, didn't they) w. She has to go now, ................. ? (don't she, hasn't she, doesn't she) x. Your daughters have to practice it everyday, ................. ? (haven't they, don't they, do they) y. Let me do it for you, ................. ? (shall we, don't you, will you) z. We will tell her the truth, ................. ? (don't we, will we, won't we) For your practise Choose the correct answer for each blank space. a. One of his ................. lives in New York. (son, sons) b. There are only two ................. in the park. (bench, benches) c. Pokhara is a beautiful ................. . (city, cities) d. Every ................. in this school is cared well. (child, children) e. The water is only a few ................. deep. (inch, inches) f. There is ................. in the jar. (a few water, some water) g. ................. books are not in the library. (That, These) h. How ................. money did the managers take away? (much, many) i. On Sundays there is not ................. traffic along this road. (a few, much) j. It rained heavily. Only ................. students came to school. (a few, a little) k. How ................. books did you buy? (much, many) l. He has spilt ................. ink on his clothes. (a few, any, a little) m. Only ................. of his friends came. (a few, many, a little) n There isn't ................. food in refrigerator. (many, much, any, some)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 57 Reported Speech Lesson 6 Preview Reporting questions Match the direct questions with the reported questions. • "Do you want me to clean your shoes?" - He asked him what his name was. • "How old are you?" - He asked him if he wanted him to clean his shoes. • "Have you got any money please?" - He asked him how old he was. • "Where do you live?" - He asked him if he had any money. • "What is your name?" - He asked him where he lived. Reported Speech Read and learn. (a) I said to Mala, "I buy some books today." I told Mala that I bought some books that day. (b) Suman said, "I am writing notes now." Suman said that he was writing notes then. (c) Sibani said to her brother, "You have made a mistake here." Sibani told her brother that he had made a mistake there. (d) Gopal said, "My sister has been working in her own business. Gopal said that his sister had been working in her own business. (e) He said to me, "I saw your brother in Kathmandu yesterday." He told me that he had seen my brother in Kathmandu the day before. (f) Yesterday I said to my friend, "He was doing right." Yesterday I told my friend that he had been doing right. (g) She said to me, "I shall come to you tomorrow." She told me that she would come to me the following day.

58 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 (h) Yesterday Monica said to me, "I may return your books tomorrow." Yesterday Monica told me that she might return my books the following day. (i) Hari says, "I'm doing right." Hari says that he is doing right. (j) I have told Mala, "She gives you something as a present." I have told Mala that she gives her (Mala) something as a present. (k) Lilu said, "Time and tide wait for no one." Lilu said that time and tide wait for no one. (l) Minal said, "Water freezes at O0 Celsius." Minal said that water freezes at O0 Celsius. How to change speech To change direct in to indirect, we make the following changes: 1. Person change 2. Tense change 3. Adverbial change 1. Person change 1 2 3 S O N Where, S = Subject 1 = First person O = Object 2 = Second person N = No change 3 = Third person Person Persons chart Possessive Self-forms Subjective case Objective case Pl P2 1st person I me my mine myself we us our ours ourselves 2nd person you (singular) you your yours yourself you (plural) you your yours yourselves 3rd person he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it it its itself they them their theirs themselves

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 59 2. Tense change S. N. Direct Indirect 1. Simple present (S + V1N5)+ 0 Simple past (S+V2+0) 2. Present continuous Past Continuous (S +is/am/are+ V4) (S +was/were + V4 +0) 3. Present perfect (S + has/have + V3+O) Past perfect (S +had + V3) 4. Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous (S +has/have+ been + V4 + O) (S +had been+ V4 + O) 5. Simple past (S + V2 + O) Past perfect (S +had + V3+O) 6. Past continuous Past perfect continuous (S+was/were+V4+ O) (S+had+been+V4+O) 7. Past perfect (S +had + V3 + O) No change 8. must had to 9. can/may/shall/will could/might/should/would 10. could/should/might/would No change 11. had better/ought to/used to No change Examples (a) Shanti said to me, "You look sad today." Shanti told me that I looked sad that day. (b) Maya said, "I am writing a letter." Maya said that she was writing a letter. (c) Sita said to me, "I have done my work." Sita told me that she had done her work. (d) Hari said, "She has been writing a letter." Hari said that she had been writing a letter. (e) Shyam said, "She was writing a letter." Shyam said that she had been writing a letter. (f) Shyam said, "He wrote a letter." Shyam said that he had written a letter. (g) Ram said, "She must go." Ram said that she had to go.

60 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 Always remember: (i) R.V. (present/future tense) -R.S. (same tense) (ii) If R.V. (universal truth or quotation)- no tense change He said to her, "Man is mortal." He told her that man is mortal. He will say to me, "I am a student." He will tell me that he is a student. Note: R.V. =Reporting Verb R.S. = Reported Speech 3. Adverbial changes Direct Indirect Direct Indirect tonight that night this that hence thence these those thus so today that day last/ago before next week the following week yesterday the day before here there tomorrow the following day the day before two days before now then yesterday morning the previous morning Question (Yes/No and Wh-question) There are two types of question sentences: 'Yes/No'question and 'Wh'question. When a question sentence is changed into indirect speech, the following things should be considered: (a) Reporting verb 'said' is changed into asked/inquired/demanded/ questioned/wanted to know, etc. But asked is more usual. (b) To join the reporting part and reported speech, two different words are used as per the type of question sentence. • For 'Yes/No' questions: if/whether (whether is more usual for a 'choice' question) • For 'Wh' questions: the same 'Wh' words

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 61 (c) The question form (Aux.+ Sub.+ Verb+ ...?) is always changed into the assertive form (Sub.+ Verb+ ...) and the sentence ends with the full-stop. (d) The rest of the rules of changing Person, Tense and Adverbs in the reported speech are same as in the case of the assertive sentences. Study and learn. * Karina said to Mahesh, "Have you taken your morning meal?" Karina asked Mahesh if he had taken his morning meal. * Sunil said to me, "Are you corning now?" Sunil asked me if I was corning/ going then. * I said to Sunita, "Will you get the printer repaired today?" I asked Sunita if she would get the printer repaired that day. * Rina said to me, "Do you know me?" Rina asked me if I knew her. (Simple Present is changed into Simple Past) * Subash said to me, "Did Mala lend you her car?" Subash asked me if Mala had lent me her car. * He said to me, "Did you buy a new book or borrow one from the library?" (a choice question) He inquired me whether I had bought a new book or borrowed one from the library. * I said to a stranger, "Where are you from?" I asked a stranger where s/he was from. * The man said, "Where is the nearest cyber cafe?" The man wanted to know where the nearest cyber cafe was. * Rupak said, "How can we solve this problem?" Rupak asked how they could solve that problem. * Nirmal said to me, "When will you come back from the tour?" Nirmal asked me when I would come back from the tour. * Milan said to his wife, "What time will you leave for the office this morning?" Milan asked his wife what time she would leave for the office that morning. * Papa said to me, "Why were you late last night?" Papa questioned me why I had been late the night before/the previous night.

62 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 Imperative Sentence The imperative sentences, which begin with bare infinitive (Vl), are given in the reported speech. The following things should be considered while changing them into the indirect speech: (a) Reporting verb 'said' is changed into different verbs as per the meaning of the given sentence. 'said' is changed into-told (with general meaning) – asked/requested (for a request) – asked (for a friendly talk) – suggested/advised (for suggestion/advice) – ordered (for an order) – commanded (for a group command) – prohibited/forbade (for a prohibition order) (b) Reporting object is necessary. If the object is not given, a suitable one should be supplied from our side. (c) 'To' is used to join the reporting part and reported speech, then there is to + Vl and not to + Vl for negative form and no tense change is done. (d) The rest of the rules of changing Person, and Adverb in the reported speech are same as in the case of the assertive sentences. Study and learn. (a) I said to him, "Close the window." I told him to close the window. (b) She said to me, "Please guide me how these sentences are changed." (the underlined part is in the assertive form, so tense is changed here.) She requested/asked me to guide her how those sentences were changed. (c) Harish said to the boy, "Clean the table now." Harish ordered the boy to clean the table then.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 63 (d) I said to some of my friends, "Come to me tomorrow." I asked some of my friends to come to me the following day. (e) Teacher said, "Don't waste your time." Teacher suggested (advised) us not to waste our time. (f) The General said to the soldiers, "Be ready to attack." The General commanded the soldiers to be ready to attack. (g) Daughter said, "Papa, give me some pocket money, please." Daughter asked/requested Papa to give her some pocket money. (h) Teacher said, "Don't make a noise." Teacher told us not to make a noise. (with a general meaning) Or, Teacher forbade us to make a noise. (with a meaning of prohibition forbade is itself negative so (not) is not used) (i) He said to her, "Don't follow the bad company." He told/advised her not to follow the bad company. or, He forbade/prohibited her to follow the bad company. (j) I said to him, "Thank you." I thanked him.

64 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 Exercise A. Tick (√) the best answer. 1. The visitor said to me, 'Is your mother at horne?' (a) The visitor asked me if my mother was at horne. (b) The visitor asked me whether my mother is at horne. (c) The visitor asked me if your mother was at horne. (d) The visitor asked me whether your mother is at horne. 2. The lady asked him, "Did you see my brother yesterday?" (a) The lady inquired him if he saw her brother yesterday. (b) The lady asked him if she had seen his brother the day before. (c) The lady asked him if he had seen her brother the previous day. (d) The lady asked him if he saw her brother the day before. 3. The student said to me, "What is the price of this book?" (a) The student asked me what was the price of that book. (b) The student asked me what the price of that book was. (c) The student asked me what the price of that book is. (d) The student asked me what is the price of this book. 4. Mr. Sharma says, 'I live in Kathmandu.' (a) Mr. Sharma says that he lives in Kathmandu. (b) Mr. Sharma says that he lived in Kathmandu. (c) Mr. Sharma said that he lives in Kathmandu. (d) Mr. Sharma said that he lived in Kathmandu. 5. Anju and Meena say, 'We go to school everyday." (a) Anju and Meena says that they go to school everyday. (b) Anju and Meena say that we go to school everyday. (c) Anju and Meena say that they go to school everyday. (d) Anju and Meena say that they went to school everyday. 6. Kamal says, "My brother works in Everest School." (a) My brother says that Kamal works in Everest School. (b) Kamal says that his brother works in Everest School.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 65 (c) Kamal says that his brother worked in Everest School. (d) Kamal said that his brother works in Everest School. 7. Gopal said to Hari, "Ram has stolen my watch." (a) Ram told Hari that Gopal had stolen his watch. (b) Gopal told Hari that Ram had stolen his watch. (c) Gopal told Hari that Ram had stolen my watch. (d) Hari told Ram that Gopal had stolen my pen. 8. Kumari said that she was going to London with her father. Kumari said, (a) I am going to London with your father. (b) I am going to London with my father. (c) She is going to London with your father. (d) None of them is right. 9. You said that you were very angry. You said'..........' (a) You are very angry (b) I am very angry (c) We were very angry (d) We have been very angry 10. The students said that they would not make such mistakes again. The students said, '..........' (a) We will not make such mistakes again. (b) We would not make such mistakes again. (c) I will not make such mistakes again. (d) I would not make such mistakes again. 11. He told his mother that he would become a great soldier one day........... (a) He said to his mother, 'You will become a great soldier one day.' (b) He said, 'Mother, I will become a great soldier one day.' (c) He said, 'Mother, I become a great soldier one day.' (d) He said to his mother, 'I became a great soldier one day.' 12. My friend told me that I didn't look happy that day. My friend said to me (a) I don't look happy today. (b) I don't look happy that day. (c) You don't look happy today. (d) You don't look happy that day.

66 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 13. He asked me if he could help me. He asked me, '..........?' (a) Can I help you (b) Can you help me (c) Will I help you (d) Would you help me 14. Kuber asked Dilli if he (Dilli) would come early the next day. Kuber asked Dilli, "..........?" (a) Will you come early the next day (b) Will you come early tomorrow (c) Shall I come early tomorrow (d) Shall I come early the next day 15. The captain said, "God is everywhere." (a) The captain said that God was everywhere. (b) The captain says that God is everywhere. (c) The captain said that God is everywhere. (d) The captain says that God was everywhere. 16. You said, 'I love my country.' (a) You said that you loved your country. (b) You said that you loves your country. (c) You say that you love your country. (d) You said that you have loved your country. 17. He said to me, 'I want to see you now.' He told me that.......... (a) he wanted to see me then. (b) I wanted to see him then. (c) he wanted to see him then. (d) he wanted to see him now. 18. He said to her, 'You can go to your house tomorrow.' (a) He told her that she could go to her house the next day. (b) He told her that she can go to her house the next day. (c) He told her that he could go to her house the next day. (d) He told her that she could go to his house tomorrow. 19. He said to me, 'Are you a scout?' He asked me.......... (a) if I were a scout (b) If I was a scout (c) if was I a scout (d) if I am a scout

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 67 20. The teacher said to Ansu, 'Have you written a letter?' The teacher asked Ansu if......... (a) had she written a letter (b) has she written a letter (c) she has written a letter (d) she had written a letter 21. I said to him, 'Who are you?' I asked him.......... (a) who are you (b) who he was (c) who I was (d) who he is 22. Dhana said to Dika, 'Which is your pen?' Dhana asked Dika.......... (a) which her pen was (b) which was her pen (c) which her pen has been (d) which her pen had been 23. They say, 'Nepal is the Switzerland of the east.' They say that.......... (a) Nepal is the Switzerland of the east. (b) Nepal was the Switzerland of the east. (c) Nepal has been the Switzerland of the east. (d) Nepal had been the Switzerland of the east. B. Choose the correct answer and write. 1. I said to Shankar,"................?" (You are my respected friend, He was my respected friend, Are you my respected friend) 2. We said to him, "................?" (Why he didn't work well, Why didn't you work well, Why he hadn't worked well) 3. I invited Monika but she said, "................to the party on Friday." (She couldn't come, I can't come, She will come) 4. My brother told me that he never drinks tea. Its original speech is: My brother said to me, "I...tea." (sometimes drink, never drink, don't drink) 5. RaJ.an sat"d, "Where................t he au d1. ton. um.?" (were, I.S, was) 6. Sangita said to her father,"................?" (You will help me tomorrow, If he would help her tomorrow, Will you help me tomorrow) 7. My friend said that he had returned home a week before. Its original speech is: My friend said, "I................home a week ago." (have returned, returned, had returned) 8. The boy said that he had been ill since the previous day. Its original speech is: The boy said, "I.........ill since yesterday." (am, was, have been)

68 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 9. Puspa said to her students, "................"(To be quiet, Quiet, Be quiet) 10. Mamata replied that she was ready to help me when I asked her. "................?"(I am ready to help you, Was she ready to help her, Are you ready to help me) 11. The man told me not to spit in public places. In other words, the man said to me, "................in public places." (Don't spit, Not to spit, Not spit) 12. She said to me, "................" (What is your name, What my name was, What your name is) 13. "................,"said Kalpana. (To go and sleep, Not to go and sleep, Go and sleep) 14. My father forbade me to smoke. My father said,"................" (Smoke, No smoking, Don't smoke) 15. Suresh said to his wife, ................is the direct speech of "He would follow what she said." (You will follow what I say, I will follow what you say, She will follow what I say) 16. I said to John, "................?" (You are my friend, He was my friend, Are you my friend) 17. I said to Pramod, "................tomorrow." But he replied that he would not be at home the following day. (I shall come to you, You will come to me, You will come to him) 18. A new student said, "When................?" (does the school start, the school starts, did the school start) 19. I said to Bibek, "................father yesterday." But he said the father had not come out. (I met your, I have met you, He met my) 20. They asked if they could eat that. Its direct speech is: They said, "................?"(Can we eat this, Could we eat this, Had we eaten this) C. Rewrite the sentences choosing the correct answers: 1. "What shall I do, Mother?" he said. He asked his mother what................ (he should do, he would do, I should do) 2. "What shall I eat, Mother?" he said. He asked his mother what................ (he should eat, he would-eat I should eat) 3. "Why are you late?" He asked me................(why I am late, why I was late, why I was being late)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 69 4. Binita asked me................(what was my problem?, what my problem was, what is your problem?) 5. Boys asked their teacher................(what they are going to do, what are they going to do?, what they were going to do) 6. He asked me................(what is your name?, what your name is, what my name is, what my name was) 7. He asked them................(where the bus station is, where is the bus station?, where the bus station was) 8. He enquired................(where his father is, if where his father was, where his father was) 9. He enquired if I................his father. (were, was, am) 10. He said that................(he had finished homework, he has finished homework, he finishes homework) 11. He said to me, "Where................now?. " (you are going, are you going, you were going, were you going) 12. A European asked me where................(the post office was, was the post office, is the post office) 13. I replied that I came from Gulmi when she said to me "................?" (Where you come from, Where do you come from, Where do I come from) 14. Mamata replied that she was ready to help me when I asked her. .............?" (Is she ready to help you, Was she ready to help her, Are you ready to help me) 15. Maya said that she could not attend the meeting that night when I asked her, "................?" (Can she attend the meeting that night, Could she attend the meeting that night, Can you attend the meeting tonight) 16. Milan said that................(he wants to help me, he wanted to help me, he had want to help me) 17. Mr. Giri said to his students, ................(Not to make a noise, Maken't noise, Don't make a noise, Didn't make a noise) 18. My father told me................(not spend, do not spend, not spent, not to spend) so much money. 19. My father told me that................(water freezes at oo celsius, water has frozen at oo celsius, water froze at oo celsius)

70 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 D. Rewrite the sentences choosing the correct answers: 1. She said honesty................the best policy. (is, was, be) 2. The doctor said to us "................?" (What he wants, What we wanted, What do you want) 3. The policeman asked me where................(I'm going, are you going, I was going) 4. The teacher said to me, "The sun..............in the east." (has risen, rose, rises) 5. The principal forbade his students................(not to smoke, to not smoke, smoked, to smoke) 6. The teacher asked us................(what he wants, what we wanted, what did we want) 7. Sushila said that she................to be a nurse. (want, wants, wanted) 8. She................me whether I would follow her. (told, asked to, asked) 9. Shanta has said she................her work. (do, does, did) 10. She................me what I needed. (asked to, told, asked) 11. She asked Gita................a film with her. (see, to see, saw) 12. Dipa said that she...........Pokhara. (has visited, had visited, was visited) 13. He asked me................(what do I want, what did I want, what I wanted) 14. He said truth................always bitter. (is, was, be) 15. I told Rita................the work the day before. (if did, that she had done, to do) 16. Jeevan told me that................(he was ruined, I am ruined, he is ruined) 17. Kumar asked me................some tea. (if I have, to have, lie has) 18. Mr. Singh................them that he will come tomorrow. (says, said, told, tells, asked) 19. My father asked us................(what he wants, what we wanted, what did we want) 20. He told us................quiet in the class. (keep, to keep, keeping) 21. He told us that he................to the USA the year before. (has been, had been, will have been) 22. His mother................him that he might pass the exams. (cursed, promised, asked, blessed) 23. I asked her where................(she is from, was she from, she was from)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 71 24. I asked Sunita................the work quickly. (to do, if I do, that I could do) 25. I asked the doctor if I................the antibiotics. (take, can take, could take, took) 26. I asked them................to be late. (to not try, to try not, if not try, not) 27. The teacher asked us................(what are you doing, what we were doing, what did we do) 28. The teacher said to me, "Water................at 0°C." (freezes, freeze, frozen) 29. "When will you pay the money?," he said to me. He asked me when ................ (will I pay the money, would I pay the money, I would pay the money) 30. ................, said Kali. (To go and sleep, Do not go and sleep, Go and sleep) E. Change these sentences into reported speech: 1. The fox said to the tiger, "Don't be afraid." 2. The teacher said to her students, "Write these words in notebooks." 3. She said to them, "Don't open your books." 4. Hari said to Sarita, "Put your books in my bag." 5. Ram said to them, "Don't leave your bicycle in my garden." 6. The doctor said to Bimal, "Take this medicine." 7. He said to the students, "Open your books." 8. I said to her, "Bring me the book." 9. Sita said, "I've already seen that film" 10. The old man said, "I met Gandhi in Delhi." 11. An Arab prince said, "There is a judge who is very clever." 12. Sita said, "I am doing Maths." 13. The typist said, "I will have to get home earlier." 14. She said to the students, "I have not heard any news." 15. They said, "The tiger killed many sheep." 16. Sita said to me, "I can lend you some money." 17. He said, "I knew." 18. The policeman said to me, "I am sorry, I have troubled you." 19. He said to me, "The earth moves round the sun."

72 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 20. He said to me, "The sun rises in the east." 21. He says to them, "Honesty is the best policy." 22. He said to me, "Man is mortal." 23. He asked me, "Where are you going?" 24. He asked, "When shall I open the door?" 25. The men asked, "Why do girls need education?" 26. He said, "Which notebook is mine? 27. The police said, "Where has Gopal gone?" 28. Mr. Gurung said, "How much will it cost?" 29. The beggar said, "Why should I get off?" 30. Hari said, "How much does it cost?" 31. She said to the teacher, "What wrong have I done?" 32. Jaya said to Sita, "Where are you going for your holidays?" 33. Pramila said to him, "Are you hungry?" 34. He said to me, "Can I borrow your pen?" 35. I said to him, "Do you like Nepal?" 36. He said, "Does she always wear a silk sari?" 37. She said to me, "Will you come to the party with me today?" 38. I said to her, "Have you finished your homework?" 39. She said to him, "Can you tell me where his books are?" 40. I said to Ram, "Are you ready to go to bazaar?" 41. I said to him, "Did you invite them?" 42. The teacher said to the students, "Do you understand it?" F. Change the following into reported speech: 1. Meena said to her father, "Will you give me some money, please?" 2. Lina said to Santa, "Why are you so late?" 3. The doctor said, "Take these pills twice a day." 4. Arun said, "I will give up my plan." 5. The teacher said, "Have you seen my pen anywhere?" 6. Man Kumar said, "I meet my girl friend today."

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 73 7. They said, "We carne horne last night." 8. "I cannot do this now," said Hari. 9. "Keep an eye on your luggage," he said. 10. He said to me, "Do you learn from your mistakes?" 11. He said, "My father is lying down." 12. "Where was the dog?," said the doctor. 13. "Put the light out," she said to her mother. 14. The boy said to me, "Are you going to help me tomorrow?" 15. He said, "Please lend me your pencil." 16. "What do you want?" he said to the beggar. 17. "Can you help me?," he said to me. 18. I said to him, "Did you see me yesterday?" For your practise Fill in each blank with a suitable pronoun. a. The twins like..........but the triplets dislike one another. (each other, one another) b. Bhim liked the story..........I had just written. (which, who) c. Romi cut..........when she was peeling the potatoes. (her, herself) d. Prashant did it by..........(herself, himself) e. The cute man..........car is a Ferrari must be rich. (who, whose) f. I was thinking about the two dresses..........my father had bought for me. (where, that)

74 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 Voice Lesson 7 Voice Active Voice Passive Voice (S+V+O) (Obj +be verb+ V3 +by+ Ssub) Example : Ram killed Ravan. Ravan was killed by Ram. 1. For statements S.N. Tense Active Voice Passive voice 1. Simple present tense S+ Vl/VS + 0 0 +is/am/are+ V3 +by +S 2. Simple past tense S+ V2+0 0 + was/were + V3 + by +S 3. Simple future tense S + will/shall+Vl+0 0 +will/shall+be+V3+by+S 4. Present continuous tense S +is/am/are+ V4 + 0 0 + is/am/are + being + V3+ by+S 5. Past continuous tense S +was/were+ V4 + 0 0 + was/were + being + V3+ by+S 6. Present perfect tense S + has/have + V3 + 0 0 + has/have + been + V3 +by+S 7. Past perfect tense S+had + V3 + 0 0 + had + been + V3 + by +S 8. Future perfect tense S + will have + V3 + 0 0 + will have been + V3 by+S 9. Conditional can/may/could+ Vl can/may/could+be + V3 have to/has to/had to + Vl have to/has to/had to + be +V3 Examples: 1. I eat an apple. (S. present) An apple is eaten by me.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 75 2. These boys stole my watch. (S. past) My watch was stolen by these boys. 3. Rita will eat rice. (S. future) Rice will be eaten by Rita. 4. They are reading stories. (Pr. continuous) Stories are being read. (by them) 5. Sita was writing a letter. (P. continuous) A letter was being written by Sita. 6. They have cut all telephone wires. (Pr. perfect) All telephone wires have been cut (by them). 7. They had won the match. (P. perfect) The match had been won (by them). 8. I will have written a letter. (F. perfect) A letter will have been written by me. 9. Manju can help me. (Modal) I can be helped by Manju. 10. They have to buy the books. The books have to be bought (by them). If the doer is pronoun (unknown), it can be left out in the passive voice, (we, you, they, one, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, people, no one, nobody, none, etc.) Somebody has stolen my car. My car has been stolen. 2. For "going to future' Active Voice : S +is/am/are+ going to+ Vl + 0 Passive Voice : 0 +is/am/are+ going to be+ V3 + ...by+ S Example: I am going to write a letter. A letter is going to be written by me. 3. For yes/no questions Active voice : auxiliary V + S + MV + 0? Passive voice : aux. V + 0 + be verb + V3 + by + S? Active voice :do/does/did+ S + V1 + 0? Passive voice :is/am/are/was/were/+ 0 + V3 +by+ S?

76 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 Example: • Can I sharpen the pencil? • Can the pencil be sharpened by me? • Do dogs eat meat? • Is meat eaten by dogs? 4. For wh-questions (Active voice) wh +do/does/did+ S + V1 + ...0? (Passive voice) wh +is/am/are/was/were+ 0 +by+ S? (Active voice) wh +aux.+ S + M.V. + 0? (Passive voice) wh +aux.+ be verb+ V3 +by+ S? Example: • How do they paint the picture? • How is the picture painted (by them)? • How will you solve the problem? • How will the problem be solved by you? 5. For command (a) V + 0 (Active voice) Let+ 0 +be+ V3 (passive voice) Example: • Open the door. • Let the door be opened. (b) Let+ 01 + V + 02 (active voice) Let + 02 + be + V3 + by + 01 (passive voice) Example: • Let me open the door. • Let the door be opened. Note : 01 =first object, 02 =second object (c) Don't + Vl + 0 (active voice) Let+ 0 +not be+ V3 (passive voice) Example: • Don't pass the salt. • Let the salt not be passed.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 77 (d) V + 0 (duty) - (active voice) O + should be + V3 (passive voice) Example: • Teach the students. • Students should be taught. 6. For request sentences (a) Please/ kindly + Vl + 0 (active voice) You are requested to+ Vl + 0 (passive voice) Example: • Kindly do it today. • You are requested to do it today. (b) Do + Vl + 0 (active voice) You are requested to+ Vl + 0 (passive voice) Example: • Do help me. • You are requested to help me. 7. V +yourself + .....(active voice) be+ V3 + ..... (passive voice) Example: • Prepare yourself for the best. • Be prepared yourself for the best. 8. People say/think/believe Active voice • People say that+....... • People think that + ....... • People believe that + ....... (Passive voice) It is said that........ It is thought that+ ..... It is believed that+ ...... Example: • People say that elephants never forget. • It is said that elephants never forget.

78 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 9. 'Ever' becomes 'never' Example: No one has ever seen her. She has never been seen. 10. 'Who' becomes by whom Example: Who helped you? By whom were you helped? 11. Adverbs of manner Well, very well, quickly, slowly, nicely, properly are placed before past participle. Example: She will look after the baby well. The baby will be well looked after. 12. (i) 'Anything' becomes 'nothing' Example: I did not eat anything. Noting was eaten by me. (ii) 'Any of' becomes 'none of' Example: Did you eat any of them? (active) Were none of them eaten by you? (passive) 13. When double objects come S + V +to+ 02 (Active voice) 01 +be verb+ V3 + 02 +by+ S (passive voice) 02 +be verb+ V3 +to 01 +by+ S (passive voice) Example: My father gave me a pen (active) S V2 O1 O2 A pen was given to me by my father. (passive) I was given a pen by my father. (passive) 14. In negative statements Example: Nobody can do it. (active) It cannot be done. (passive) He does not write a letter. (active) A letter is not written by him. (passive)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 79 15. Be verb of passive voice Tense Branch Present Past Future Sub-Branch Simple is/are/am was/were I will/shall + be Continuous is/am/are+ being was/were + being × Perfect I has/have + been had+ been will/shall + have+ been Perfect Cont. × × × Note: Verbs like 'can, must, should' etc. are changed into 'can be, must be, should be' etc. 16. The alternative method Active Passive • Vl/VS • is/am/are+ V3 • V2 • was/were + V3 • has/have/had+ V3 • has/have/had + been + V3 • is/am/are+ V4 • is/am/are+ being+ V3 • was/were + V4 • was/were + being + V3 • will/can/shall+ Vl • will/can/shall/+ be+ V3 • may/must/would+ Vl • may/must/would+ be+ V3 • to+ Vl • to be+ V3 Exercise 1. Tick () the best answer. 1. Nobody knew the secret. (a) The secret was known by nobody. (b) The secret is known by nobody. (c) The secret wasn't known. (d) The secret was known to nobody. 2. The active form of 'No one was seen by John when he got there.' is... (a) John saw no one when he got there.

80 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 (b) No one saw John when he got there. (c) No one has seen by John when he got there. (d) All are wrong. 3. The passive form of 'I know him' is. (a) He's known by me. (b) He is known with me. (c) He is known to me. (d) All are possible. 4. The passive form of "All knew Laxmi Prasad" is: (a) Laxmi Prasad is known to all. (b) Laxmi Prasad was known to all. (c) Laxmi Prasad was known by all. (d) All were known to Laxmi Prasad. 5. The active form of "No sound is heard" is: (a) Some one heard a sound. (b) No one hears a sound. (c) Everyone heard a sound. (d) Anyone heard a sound. 6. The passive form of "They made me laugh" is: (a) I was made laugh. (b) I was made to laugh. (c) I was laughed. (d) I was made to be laughed. 7. I am doing the work. (a) The work are being done. (b) The work is done. (c) The work is being done. (d) The work was done. 8. Children make a loud noise. (a) A loud noise was made by children. (b) A loud noise is made by children. (c) Children were made a loud noise. (d) A loud noise has been made by children.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 81 9. People are admiring this young man. (a) This young man are admired by people. (b) This young man is admired by people. (c) This young man is being admired by people. (d) This young man was being admired by people. 10. Who is polishing my shoes? (a) Who has polished my shoes? (b) Who had polished my shoes by? (c) By whom are my shoes being polished? (d) By whom is my shoes being polished? 11. I have spent all my pocket money. (a) All my pocket money has been spent. (b) My pocket money has been spent by all. (c) All my pocket money was spent. (d) All my pocket money have been spent. 12. Who has taken my fountain pen? (a) Who took my fountain pen? (b) My fountain pen has been taken by whom? (c) By whom has my fountain pen been taken? (d) By whom have my fountain pen been taken? 13. The sweepers are sweeping the streets clean. (a) The streets is being swept clean by the sweepers. (b) The streets are being swept clean by the sweepers. (c) The streets were swept by the sweepers. (d) The streets has been swept by the sweepers. 14. Janesh presented her a doll. (a) A doll was presented to Janesh by her. (b) A doll is presented to Janesh by her. (c) She is presented a doll by Janesh. (d) She was presented a doll By Janesh. 2. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct words from the brackets. a. Nobody knew the secret. The secret............(was not known/is not known/ has not been known)

82 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 b. No one fed the children this morning. That is to say: The children............ this morning. (have not been fed/are not fed/were not fed) c. Fire destroyed this house in 2053 B.S. It means: This house destroyed/ was destroyed/is destroyed) in 2053 B.S. d. We presented her a doll. That is to say: She............a doll by us. (is presented/has been presented/was presented) e. They requested the stranger to leave the meeting. The passive of this: The stranger............to leave the meeting. (was requested/was being requested/ had requested) f. People caught and ate the fish. It means: The fish............(were caught and eaten/was caught and eaten/were being caught and eaten) g. Mr. Ghimire recommended her another doctor. That is to say: She............ another doctor by Mr. Ghimire. (recommended/was recommended/had been recommended) h. She told us nothing. The passive of this is: We............(have been told/ were being told/were told) nothing. i. Someone taught him Sanskrit. That is to say: He............(had been taught/was being taught/was taught) Sanskrit. j. This hurt him badly. He......as hurt/was hutted/has been hurt) badly. k. Devkota composed this poem. This poem............(is composed/ was composed/had been composed) by Devkota. l. The army destroyed the whole village. This means: The whole village.....(was being destroyed/is destroyed/was destroyed) by the army. m. They turned my offer down. That is to say: My offer............(is turned/ was turned/has been turned) down. n. Nobody heard a sound. The passive form of this is: A sound............ (was heard/was not heard/is not heard). o. Someone looked after him well after the death of his mother. It means: He ............(was well looked after/is well looked after/has well looked after) after the death of his mother. 3. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct words from the brackets. a. We have to control population growth. That is to say: Population growth............(is to be controlled/have to be controlled/has to be controlled)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 83 b. Spraying can now control Malaria. It means: Malaria............(can now be controlled/ can now control/ is now controlled) by spraying. c. He is going to spend ten thousand rupees on his son's marriage. That is to say: Ten thousand rupees............(is going to be spent/will be going to spend/has been going to spend) on his son's marriage. d. You ought to help the poor. The poor............(is helped/ought be helped/ ought to be helped.) e. She can do everything. The passive of this is: Everything............(is to be done/can be done/can have done). f. I can do nothing. Nothing............(is done/is to be done/can be done) g. He's going to sell that buffalo. It means: That buffalo............(is going to be sold/is being sold/will be sold). h. They cannot carry it out in practice. It ............(cannot carried/cannot be carried/cannot have been carried) out in practice. i. The government has to set up many wildlife reserves. Many wildlife reserves............(are to be set up/has to be set up/ have to be set up) by the government. j. We must look after our children. Our children............(must look/must be looked/must have looked) after. k. They are going to destroy the forest. Theforest............(are being destroyed/ is going to be destroyed/are going to be destroyed.) l. We must go into this matter. This matter............(must go/must have gone/must be gone) into. m. Even a mouse may help a lion. That is to say: A lion............(may have been helped/may help/may be helped) even by a mouse. n. One should keep one's promises. One's promises............(should be kept/should have kept/should have been kept) o. The government should open a national park. That is to say: A national park............(should have opened/should be opened/should being opened) by the government. 4. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct words from the brackets. a. Who could throw the box? Who could the box............(be thrown/ have been thrown/thrown) by? b. Do you like tea? Its passive form is: ............ by you? (Is tea liked/Is tea being liked/Does tea liked)

84 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 c. Has he stolen my pen? has passive voice: ............(My pen has been stolen by him?/Has my pen stolen by him?/Has my pen been stolen by him?) d. Did they give you enough sugar? ............(Were you given/Have you been given/Had you been given) enough sugar? e. Didn't they tell you to be there by six o'clock? ............(Haven't you been told/Weren't you told/Hadn't you been told) to be there by six o'clock? f. Did anyone ask any questions about me? Were any questions............ (asked/to be asked/been asked) about me? g. Are they reading the book? Its passive form is: ............(Is the book read?I Is the book being read?/Has the book been read?) h. Does he have to invite her? Its passive form is: (Does she have to be invited by him?/Is she be invited by him?/Has she been invited by him?) i. Does he always beat her? Its passive form is: ............(Was she always beaten by him?/Is she always beaten by him?) j. Have they invited her? Its passive form is: ............(Has she been invited by them?/Have she been invited by them?/Has she invited them?) k. Should we preserve the tiger? Its passive form is: (Should the tiger preserved?/Should the tiger be preserved?/Should the tiger been preserved?) l. 'Who saved Ram Singh? The passive form of this is: ............(Who was Ram Singh saved?/By whom was Ram Singh saved?/Who was saved Ram Singh by?) m. What questions did the teacher ask you? What questions............ (were you asked/had you been asked/have you been asked) by the teacher? n. Why did no one inform me of the change of the plan? Why............ (wasn't/ isn't/weren't) I informed of the change of the plan? o. How far does the health of the people affect development? How far............ (is/was/are) development affected by the health of the people? 5. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct words from the brackets. a. People worship the God. It can also be said as: The God............ (was worshipped /is worshipped/has been worshipped)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 85 b. The active form of "My room hasn't been swept well: ............ (She didn't sweep my room well/No one has swept my room well/No one swept my room well) c. The passive form of "Let's finish it" is: ............(Let it finished/Let us finished it/Let it be finished by us) d. The active form of "She isn't punished." is............(They punished her/ No one punishes her/No one punished her) e. They turned my offer down. My offer............(had been turned down/ was turned down/has turned down) f. Someone has stolen my book. My book............(has stolen/has been stolen/is stolen) g. People are destroying the jungle. The jungle............(is destroying/ is destroyed/is being destroyed). h. Someone robbed me last night. I............(am robbed/was robbed/ was being robbed) last night. i. I don't like............stupid questions. (asked/is asked/being asked) j. The police were given the information. We............the police the information. (give/gave/had given) k. Most people like............presents. (given/is given/being given) l. I wasn't given the money. They............me the money. (gave/didn't give/ being given) m. He............very much with the prince. (pleased/was pleased/have pleased) n. I............by the anchorite. (highly impressed/have been highly impressed/ have impressed highly) 6. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct words from the brackets. a. You are well paid. In other words, ............(they pay you well/ they are paying you well/ they are well paid) b. They published all his articles. That is to say: All his articles ............ (are published/were published/had been published). c. 'Who told you about the robbery?' The passive form of this question is: ...........?(By whom were you told about the robbery/By whom was you told about the robbery/ By whom were you tell about the robbery) d. The school is quite old. It ............over 100 years ago. (built/was built/ has been built.

86 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 e. Ramu hates people keeping him waiting. It can also be said: He ............ waiting. (is hate keeping/ hates are being kept/ hates being kept) f. My grandfather was a builder. He............this house over 100 years ago. (built/was built/ has built) g. Dolma remembers someone giving her a gold ring. It can also be said: She............a gold ring. (is remembered giving/ remembers being given/ remembers is being given) h. The wall of the cottage was shining because it............(whitewashed/ was whitewashed/ whitewash). i. They............for their service all over the country. (admire/ admired/ were admired) j. We had been told a humorous story by our teacher the previous day. That means: 'Our teacher............us a humorous story the previous day. (told/ has told/ had told) k. They are clearing the jungle. That means the jungle............(is clearing/ is being cleared/ was being cleared) l. Sarala is preparing tea. That means: "Tea............by Sarala." (is prepared/ is being prepared/ was being prepared) m. Let the corrupt be punished. The active form of this sentence is: ............ (Do punish the corrupt/ Someone punishes the corrupt/ Punish the corrupt) n. The thief ............in an hour. (arrested/ was arrested/ was being arrested) o. The acti.ve voi.ce of "Is thI 'S room be. mg used?. " .IS: ............ thI 'S room.? (Are you using/ Is used/ Were they using) p. His chest............up by a specialist. (was checked/ has checked/ is checking) q. The active voice of "Is meat being sold here?" is: ............meat here? (Is anyone selling/ Were you selling/ Is meat selling) 7. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct words from the brackets. a. Somebody has invited you to lunch tomorrow. You............to lunch tomorrow. (are invited/ have been invited/ are being invited) b. Somebody has pushed the table into a corner. The table............into a corner. (has been pushed/ is pushed/ had pushed) c. Someone has seen a leopard near our house. That is to say a leopard............

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 87 near our house. (was seen/ is seen/ has seen/ has been seen) d. They have made my uncle a captain. It means: My uncle............a captain. (has been made/ is made/ is being made) e. The government has banned the export of tiger skins. It means: The export of tiger skins............by the government. (is banned/ has been banned) f. Poachers have killed several rhinos. The passive of the sentence is: Several rhinos............by poachers. (has been killed/ have been killed/ have killed) g. Nobody has spoken a word in the meeting. Not a word............in the meeting. (has been spoken/ is spoken/ was spoken) h. Nobody has written me any letters. It means: l............any letters. (have not been written/ have not written/ am not written) i. Her charming beauty has stunned everybody. Everybody............by her charming beauty. (is stunned/ has been stunned/ has stunned) j. I have sharpened the knives. The knives............by me. (are sharpened/ have been sharpened/ has been sharpened) k. People speak English all over the world. English............(has spoken/ has been spoken/ is spoken/ is speaking) all over the world. l. They publish the newspaper daily. The newspaper............(published/ is published/ had published) daily. m. Flies carry many diseases. Many diseases............by flies. (have carried/ are carried) n. Tigers eat small animals like deer and wild pigs. Small animals like deer and wild pigs..........by tigers. (have been eaten/ are being eaten/ are eaten) o. They promise us higher wages. We............higher wages. (have promised/ are promised/ were promised) p. National parks attract tourists. Tourists............by national parks. (are attracted/were attacked/ have been attacked) q. Everyone respects a virtuous soul. A virtuous soul............(has been respected/ was respected/ is respected) r. Woodcutters fell the trees for firewood and timber. The trees ............ by woodcutters for firewood and timer. (were felled/ are felled/ are fallen) s. One uses milk for making butter and cheese. Milk............for making butter and cheese. (has been used/ is being used/ is used)

88 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 t. She cleans the room every morning. It means the room............by her every morning. (is cleaned/ is being cleaned/ has been cleaned) 8. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct word from the brackets: a. Columbus discovered America. That is to say: 'America ............ by Columbus. (was discovered/ had discovered/ was being discovered) b. Nobody enjoyed the song. That is to say: 'The song was............ (not enjoyed/ enjoyed/ enjoyed by someone) c. They published all his articles. That is to say: All his articles............ (are published/ were published/ had been published) d. 'Who told you about the accident?' The passive form of this question is: '............?'(Whom you were told about the accident/ Whom were you told about the accident/ By whom were you told about the accident) e. Let's make fun. Let........(fun made/ fun be made/ fun be made by us). f. The active form of 'A story was told us by her.' is: ............(She told a story us/ We are told a story/ She told us a story) g. Mukunda has to teach us. The passive form of this sentence is: ............ (We have to teach by Mukunda/ We had to be taught by Mukunda/ We have to be taught by Mukunda) h. The active form of 'Food hasn't been prepared yet' is............(No one has prepared food yet/ I amn't preparing food yet/ By whom is food prepared) i. The guests were satisfied. That is to say: The hosts............the guests. (satisfy/ satisfied/ satisfies) j. No one stole my book. That means my book............(was stolen by someone/ was stolen/ wasn't stolen) k. We............up by a loud noise during the night. (woke/ were woken/ were waking) l. This road is not very often used. It means people............this road very often. (not used/ don't use/ did not use) m. There is somebody walking behind us. I think we............(are following are being followed/ are followed) n. Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving. It means the way of driving............accidents. (causes/ is caused/ caused) o. 'What does he want?'It means: ............(What is wanted by him?/ What he wants? What is he wanted?)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 89 9. Change the following sentences into passive voice. a. Bhim will give the details. b. Let him buy a watch. c. I was not laughing at them. d. Flies carry many diseases. e. Let us help him. f. Hari did not speak a word. g. Please send me some food. h. A policeman caught thieves. i. Girls do not wear hats. j. Wash the dishes properly. k. We must go into the matter. l. We have told him not to be late again. m. The teacher ordered the students to stand up. n. I cannot finish the exercise. o. They have not solved the problem. p. The sailors did not abandon the ship. q. Nobody could solve the problem. r. Kabir Lal has not learnt the poems. s. No one has posted my letter. t. They haven't stamped the letter. u. My sister will not help me. 10. Change the voice. a. Is she feeding the children? b. Did she tell you the truth? c. Has anyone posted my parcel? d. Did the idea interest you? e. Did they open the box? f. Did the noise frighten you? g. Has he stolen my pen? h. Is he opening the door? i. Are they destroying the houses?

90 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 j. Had anyone cleaned my shoes? k. Are students doing any work? l. Were you wasting your time? m. Has the peon rung the bell? n. Did she lose her book? o. Will you deceive her? p. Will you help me if I ask you? q. Did they play football? r. Does she help the poor? s. Has she drunk dirty water? t. Did they give you enough food? u. Can she take care of her children? v. Do rumours cause much damage? w. Will they pay the money tomorrow? x. Shall I ever forget these happy days? y. Have the students killed the tiger? 11. Change the following sentences into passive voice. a. No one has given me any money. b. Nobody has answered my question properly. c. He did not tell me the truth about the crime. d. You cannot catch me as easily as that. e. Mr. Sharma does not teach us two subjects. f. We should speak such things in public places. g. No one has eaten anything out of his plate. h. They make kanchha the captain of the class. i. My father promised me a present for my birthday. j. The judge will give him the decisions. k. How many guests will you invite? l. Does a policeman catch culprits? m. Keep your house clean. n. A cat kills a mouse. o. You cannot disobey the rules.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 91 p. What are the fishermen catching? q. He locked the house up before they left. r. The doctor has prescribed me new medicine. s. They showed her how to do it carefully. t. They gave the accident victims emergency aid. u. I was watching the whole scene very carefully. v. We shall borrow money from the bank. 12. Complete the following passive sentences: a. Sova will give you some advice You ................................................................................... Some advice ................................................................... b. Rupa told him the good news. He ................................................................................... The good news............................................................... c. We will buy them a new television. They.................................................................................... A new television............................................................... d. I taught them English. They .................................................................................. English ............................................................................. e. I will buy you a postcard. You .................................................................................... A postcard ....................................................................... f. Anu asked the students their names. The students.................................................................... Their names..................................................................... g. Rohan didn't tell me the answer. I ........................................................................................ The answer ................................................................... h. Rupa explained the problem to her mother. The problem ........................................................................ Her mother ..........................................................................

92 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 13. Choose a suitable word to complete these sentences. a. Prashant is very .............. with his car so he is thinking of buying a new one. (a) satisfied (b) comfortable (c) unhappy b. The ships are kept in............... (a) airport (b) harbour (c) hanger c. We had to face a .............. during our trip to mountainous region. (a) nightmare (b) night life (c) night club d. My father is highly........with my handwriting. He always appreciates it. (a) excited (b) impressed (c) dissatisfied e. The programme was so..............that I fell asleep time and again. (a) exciting (b) boring (c) interesting f. Will you please..............a minute? I am getting ready. (a) hang up (b) hang out (c) hang on g. Are you able to..............this problem? (a) create (b) solve (c) construct h. Could you please..............the meeting until tomorrow? I am quite busy today. (a) put on (b) put off (c) put away i. If you don't follow my advice, you will have to suffer a bad.............. (a) consent (b) consequence (c) content j. Please..............the bus or you will miss it. (a) get on (b) get out (c) get off

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 93 Conditional Sentences Lesson 8 Preview Read the text below: When students of grade eight were asked what they would take with them if they had to spend a month alone on a desert island, one of the students wrote this: If I had to spend a month on a desert island, I'd take lots of drinking water with me. I'd also take a knife, a fishing rod and some matches. If I caught any fish, I would light a fire and cook them. I love fish. If there were any animals on the island, I'd keep one as a pet and then I'd have some real company! If I took any books with me, I'd choose something funny. If I had to spend a month on a desert island, I would carry a guitar with me and learn how to play it. If-sentence (Conditional) If sentence is also called conditional sentence. There are two clauses in a conditional sentence. They are dependent clause and independent clause. If clause is called the dependent clause and it cannot give a complete and clear meaning without the main clause. This clause normally begins with 'If'. 'If' can be replaced with unless, provided that, whether...or/not. And without using If, the clause may also begin with 'Auxiliary Verb' and the sentence ends with a full stop. The main clause is called the independent clause. There are three types of conditional sentences. Look at the following structures and examples. Type -1 If-Clause (Dependent Clause) Simple present (S + Vl/VS + 0)

94 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 Main Clause (Independent Clause) Imperative (Vl ..................../Let+ ..................) Simple present (V1N5) (When the sentence expresses a general truth) Examples: If he invites me, I will attend the programme. Nita may learn it if you guide her. If you are in trouble, call me. Let's go to a restaurant if your pocket is full. If the sun shines, we feel warm. Water changes into steam if we boil it. Type- 2 If-Clause (Dependent Clause) Main Clause (Independent Clause) would/ should/ could/ might + Vl Simple Past (V2) Examples: If you tried more, you would win the game. Unless she did the work, she could not get wages. I should help them if they asked me. Whether he called me or not I would go to the cinema. Sunita might come if we requested her. Type- 3 If-Clause ............................. Main clause Dependent Clause .................. Independent Clause Past Perfect (had+ V3) ............. Would/should/could/might/+ have+ v3

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 95 Examples: If I had known how to do, I would have finished it. Had I seen her, I would have called her. Radha would have been happy if Krishna had played the murali. My son could have done everything if you had made him happy. Provided that Amit had read the lesson by heart, he would have secured very good marks. Read and learn these structures If clause Main clause 1. S+ Vl/VS +... S+ VlNS+ ... (condition-cause and effect) If you boil water it changes into vapour. 2. S+ Vl/VS + ... S +will/ shall/ can/ may/ must+ Vl + ... If Sanu calls him he will go to meet her. 3. S+ V2 +... S +would/ should/ could/ might+ Vl ... If I had money I would buy a car. 4. S+had+ V3+ ... S +would/ should/ could/ might +have +V3+ ... If they had studied hard, they would have passed the exam. 5. had+S+ V3+ ... S +would/ should/ could/ might +have Had he not laboured hard, he would have failed the test. 6. S+ Vl/VS + ... Vl + ... (condition-imperative) If you want to pass the exam, work hard. 7. Unless+ S + Vl + ... Unless we study hard S +will/ shall/ can/ could/ must+ not+ Vl we can't pass the exam Note: We use 'were' even the subject is singular in 'if' clause. If she were here, I could explain to her myself. Read the following examples: • If you put ice in the sun, it melts. • If water boils, it changes into steam.

96 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 • I shall go for a swim if it is fine. • If you call her, she will come. • The plants will die if there is too much sunlight. • He won't come if it rains. • Unless you complete your master's degree, don't be a teacher. • If you see a snake, don't tease it. • If you are good at home, you can be good outside. • If I were you, I would never accept the proposal. • She wouldn't learn much unless she worked harder. • If she were a good girl I would marry her. • I would have gone if I had known. • They would do it if they could. • My friend would have helped you if you had asked him. • Had he been the head teacher of this school he would have run it properly. • Provided that you were the Prime Minister, what would you do? For Your Memory Condition If-Clause Main Clause Type 1 (Cause and Effect) Present (V1/V5) -will/ shall+ V1 -can/ may/ must+ V1 - Imperative Type 2 (possible) Simple Past (V2) - should/ would/ could/ might +V1 Type 3 (Impossible) Past Perfect (had + V3) - should/ would/ could/ might +have+ V3 Exercise A. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct word/words from the brackets: a. Had I known him well, I .............trusted him. (wouldn't have, didn't have, could not, didn't)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 97 b. If you............., you could have earned a lot of money. (worked, work, had worked) c. If it rained, we.............stay at home. (will would, would have) d. If I had not been a doctor, !.............(would study, would have studied, study) computer science in Canada. e. If I pass the S.L.C., !.............(would, wilC would have) arrange a party. f. Had he read well, he.............(would pass, will pass, would have passed, will have passed) the examination. g. If you don't stop gossiping, !.............(would leave, will leave, would have left, will have left) the class. h. Had I had the time,1.............(would enjoy, will enjoy, would have enjoyed, will have enjoyed) the cultural function. i. If you don't stop laughing, !............. (would leave, will leave, would have left, will have left) the cultural function. j. If it.............(rained, had rained, rains), I would have gone by bus. k. If she walked down the road, she.............(meets, was meeting, would meet) her friend. l. If she put the book on the table, it.............(will be, will have been, would be) only there. m. If you.............(want, would want, would have wanted) to pass in the first division, study minutely and seriously. n. They would have invited me if they.............(had known, knew, know) we were interested in music. o. If you are looking for a room, .............(contact, you would contact, you would have contacted) the agent. B. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct word/words from the brackets: a. If you had taught well, the students.............(wouldn't have passed, would pass, would have passed, will pass) the exam. b. Would you have come to meet me if !.............(hadn't send, wouldn't have sent, hadn't sent, sent) my brother? c. If she cut her finger, blood.............(would come, comes, will come) out. d. They wouldn't have caught the bus if they.............(leave, wouldn't have left, hadn't left, didn't leave) early.

98 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 e. We would stop the football match if it.............(rains, had rained, rained, would rain) heavily. f. If Sarita doesn't invite us, we.............(wouldn't go, won't go, wouldn't have gone) to celebrate her birthday. g. If l.............(was, had been, were) a teacher, I would teach well. h. If we were not late, we.............(will go, would have gone, would go) to the wedding party. i. Whether it.............(will rain, rains, rained) or not, I shall go to school. j. If I.............(have, had, would have) lots of work, I'd work in the field. k. She.............(does, will do, would do) her homework if it is not very difficult. l. If she.............(was, had been, were, is) rich, I'd marry her. m. I'll go to see them off if l.............(were not, am not, hadn't been) sick. n. She.............(writes, wrote, would write) to me, I'd write to her. o. They'd do it if they.............(know, knew, had known) C. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct word/words from the brackets. a. If anyone had been there, he.............(would save, would be saved, could have been saved, might be saved) b. If Mira.............the exam, she will not come to school. (fail, fails, failed, has failed) c. They could have done it if they.............(tried, try, would try, had tried) d. If you want to pass the exam, .............(work well, worked well, not to work well, works well) e. If she phoned me, I ............. to her house. (will go, will have gone, would go) f. If Arnita and Radha.............the exam, they will not come to school. (fail, fails, failed) g. If you had broken the glass, you.............(would be punished, would have been punished, will punish) h. If Kali.............she would have caught the bus. (runs, ran, had run) i. Had he not laboured hard, he.............the exam. (will fail, would have failed, would fail)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 99 j. If you.............hard, you would have passed in the first division. (study, studied, had studied) k. If it rains, !.............(shall stay, should have stayed, should stayed) at home. l. What would you do if you.............the headmaster? (are, were, was) m. If I knew him, 1.............help him. (will, would, can) n. What would you do if you.............the Mayor of Kathmandu? (had been, were, are) o. If you phone me, l.............come to you. (could, will, would have) p. If l.............you, I would never anger her. (was, were, am) q. If you study hard, you.............your goal. (could achieve, achieve, can achieve) r. If it.............I wouldn't go there. (rained, will rain, had rained) s. Had we left two minutes earlier, we .............the train. (will catch, would have caught, would catch) t. If I were you, l.............hard. (will read, would read, would have read) u. If Sony.............her bag, she would not go to school. (lost, had lost, have lost) D. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct word/words from the brackets: a. If you buy a book, l.............a pen. (buy, will buy, should buy) b. If you can't answer my questions, .............well. (will read, read, would read) c. If.............l can always keep a car. (need be, needs be, needed be, will need be) d. Had I worked hard, 1.............the exam. (would pass, would have passed, will pass, pass) e. Had I had a lot of money, l.............the poor. (would help, will help, would have helped) f. If I win a lottery, l.............(will, would, could) arrange a party. g. If I had not been successful, !.............(would give up my studies, would have given up my studies, will give up my studies)

100 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 h. Had they informed me about the meeting, l.............them. (will thank, would thank, would have thanked) i. I may leave if a call.............made to me. (is, was, has, has been) j. Will you give him a message if you.............(finding, find, found) him on the way? k. Had I been a doctor, !.............(would serve, would have served, would be served) the poor patients with due care. l. If I.............(be, was, were, am) you, I would buy a bike. m. She.............(will do, does, shall do, do) it better if her teacher guides her. n. If Rakesh tried, he.............the match. (would have won, will win, would win) o. Whether it rains or not, l.............at home. (will stay, would stay, would have stayed) For your practise Choose the correct answer for each blank space. a. Have you read these ancient.............? (story, stories) b. He always gives.............money to charity. He's a very generous person. (a lot of, a few) c. One of his brothers doesn't eat much.............(bread, apples) d. I haven't got.............red dresses. (some, any, little, few) e. I have only one watch but he has got three.............(watch, watches) f. They haven't asked us.............question so far. (some, any) g. There are some new.............sprouting from the trees. (leaf, leaves) h. Here are.............nice ripe apples. (some, any) i. Two.............make a whole. (half, halves) j. There aren't.............books on this topic in the library. (many, much) k. This.............costs a large amount of money. (bicycle, bicycles) l. If you have.............problem, call me. (some, any) m. We don't have.............sugar or flour to make the cake. (many, much) m. Why don't you decorate the room with.............white flowers? (some, any) o. Don't close the door. There are still.............children outside. (a few, much)