Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 251 drastically in various ways. It has been said that the addicted person tries to induce others to fall victim to these drugs by mixing them with food and drinks and these are sold to boys and girls in front of schools and colleges, in public parks and elsewhere. It is also mixed by shopkeepers of beetals, cigarettes, and soft drinks. Even the owners of some restaurants commit crimes, thus unknowingly people take these harmful drugs and become addicted. Thus drug addiction has been a menace to Nepal and the world at large. Thus, the young should be discouraged to take drugs. Public awareness should be brought. Government should take up a serious step to stop it. Exemplary punishment should be meted out to them so that others connected with this trade may give it up for fear of severe punishment. 10. Clouds Clouds are generally very beautiful. We do not look at them enough. If we have to pay to see them, or if they could be seen only once a year, people might look at them and think them to be wonderful and beautiful. But when we see a thing always, we cease to see it. We say it is common, and take no more notice. But if we watch the sky, we will see that all clouds are not the same - there are different kinds of clouds: and we would see how beautiful they sometimes are. A still white cloud in a dark sky at night with the moonlight on it, white feathery fine clouds high up in a deep blue sky at noon lit up by the sunlight, the bright red clouds at yellow, grey, that make the western sky ablaze of colour, at sunset, the dark black rain clouds that sweep up from the south on the monsoon wind- how beautiful and grand all these arel The great use of clouds to us is that they give rain. Without rain our world would be a dry and barren desert. There would be no rivers and streams, all plants would too, for want of food. What are clouds, and how they give rain? We have noticed that when we go out on a very cold day, we can see our breath corning out of our mouth like mist or frost. The reason for this is that our breath is warm and at the same time it is full of moisture from our body. Warm air can hold a lot of water in the shape of vapour though we cannot see it but cold air cannot hold much. So when our warm breath comes out into the cold air, it is chilled and as it cannot hold all the vapour any more, some of it "condenses", that is, turns back into tiny drops of water, which we can see as mist. Now the sunshine warms the air and the warm air over sea sucks up water from the sea in shape of unseen vapour. This warm air full of water vapours is always rising: and when it gets to colder air high up in the sk)'t the vapour condenses into tiny drops, and these make the clouds and the tiny drops run together and form big drops and these fall by their weight to the earth as rain.
252 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 11. Importance of Discipline in Student Life Clues: Meaning of discipline- role of discipline in different walks of life students and discipline- situation of discipline in our schools-conclusion/ suggestion. Importance of Discipline in Student Life Student life is a golden time. In this life, there is a great importance of discipline. Discipline means the training of mind and character. It makes us self controlled, obedient, sincere and honest. In different walks of life, the role of discipline is very important. Students, teachers, business people, housewives, etc. need discipline to get success in their lives. It is the root of success. It teaches us to make our lives happy and prosperous. Moreover, discipline is more important to students. It leads us towards the right path. Indisciplined students cannot learn anything. The two words II student" and II discipline" should be synonymous. But the situation of discipline in our schools is not good. Those students who are well disciplined have passed their exams with good marks but those who are undisciplined have failed the exams. They do not know about their future. 12. An Important Religious or Historical Place in Nepal Clues: Location- surroundings- date of origin- development- community or people- religious rites- historical importance Lumbini as a Historical or Religious Place There are many important religious or historical places in Nepal. I think one very important historical or religious place is Lumbini. This place has religious and historical importance because Gautama Buddha was born here. This place is located in the western Terai of Nepal. It lies in Kapilbastu district. Lord Budda was born 2,500 years ago in this place. He had gained knowledge and truth here. Since then it has been a memorable place for millions of people in the world. Buddhism has been one of the main religions of the world. Millions of people have faith in Lord Buddha. This has spread all over the world. Lumbini is important not only from religious point of view but also from historical point of view. Thousands of people come to visit Lumbini every year. It has helped to earn foreign currency also. The most important aspect of this place is culture. Lumbini has been a part of culture of our country. 13. Natural Disaster Clues: Meaning of natural disaster- causes and effects- efforts to control them Natural Disaster Disaster mean sun fortunate and unexpected event. Natural disaster issudden
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 253 destruction that happens in landslide, flood, earthquake, etc.. Flood and landslide are the result of continuous rain. Earthquake and volcano are unexpected. People do not have the ability to avert such natural disasters. We sometimes hear the sad news about the death of hundreds and thousands of people in some parts of the world. In such disaster either the whole family is affected or at least there is tragic separation. There are different causes of natural disaster. Many of them are natural. Earthquake and volcano take place due to internal natural laws. Man cannot have the knowledge before they erupt neither can they prevent them. So, little can be done about the earthquake and volcano. But flood and disaster take place because of human mismanagement also. When the natural balance is disturbed, there is much rain in are go in whereas in the other there is no rain at all. Besides these, there are epidemics and other diseases caused by man himself. All these disasters, however, can be less devastating if we can manage well. We can certainly minimize the effect of natural disasters even though we cannot prevent them. In Nepal, there have been a lot of flood victims in recent. Hundreds of people have been buried in the landslides. Many of them have drowned into the flood water. Some of the survivors died later when they did not get any help from the government or the community. Efforts have been made to help the flood victims by the government and the others. But they are not enough, something more has to be done about it. 14. A Visit to Book Exhibition Clues: Significance of books -book exhibition as important activity -visit to it. A Visit to Book Exhibition Books are the means of conveying views, ideas and knowledge. They are also the records of what people think. Nowadays there are other means of conveying knowledge and information. I think books are the best. So I often visit book exhibitions. Last week I went to Bhrikutimandap to see the book exhibition. There were hundreds and thousands of books on various subjects. Many people came to see and buy the books. I went there several times to see different people select and buy books. It was a happy experience to survey through the series of book cases and the latest titles. I enjoyed looking at the pictures in children books. In that book exhibition there were video and film shows which were also important.
254 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 Habit of reading books helps to develop the society. Reading broadens our mind. Thus, last week's book exhibition was a very significant event for the educated people. 15. Corruption Clues: Meaning of corruption- causes and effects- types of corruption solution. Corruption Corruption is something that takes place in a society when men misuse their power and position for personal gain. If a policeman, for example, intimidates a citizen to confess the uncommitted crime, that policeman is said to be corrupt. When a government official misuses the power of his position to take bribe from people, he or she is corrupt. Many other examples of corruption can be given from various aspects of life- economic corruption, moral corruption religious corruption, etc. Of various types of corruption, economic corruption is said to be the worst because it damages the economy of the individual victim and the society or the nation. Moral corruption damages the personality, and the religious corruption torments the soul. Corruption takes place especially in the third world nations where people have economic problems. They have no sense of culture and morality. Nepal is one of those countries where many cases of corruption scandals are heard. Even the ministers and officials are put into jail for corruption cases. If corrupt officials are not punished, corruption continues and spoils the whole society and the nation. In order to control corruption, the police, judges, and other corruption controlling bodies have to be strictly moral and accountable to the people and the nation. 16. Deforestation Clues: Deforestation as dangerous activity- spoils the environment, nature no longer beautiful- prevent woodcutting- reforestation. Deforestation Deforestation means cutting down trees. In recent years, people have been cutting down trees to cultivate and to grow crops for hungry people. Big forests are being cleared every year for firewood and timber. Some people are cutting down trees for making huge buildings. In this way, deforestation has been a great problem today. If it continues it will spoil the world environment very quickly. There will be ecological crisis very soon. It will damage the earth. There will be no rain. Nature will be no longer beautiful. Fertile land will turn into desert. There will be imbalance in earth. The equilibrium will be disturbed. The earth comes to a ruin. In order to stop deforestation, we have to prevent the woodcutters from cutting
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 255 down the trees. We must prevent people from cultivating the land to grow crops. We should conduct plantation programmes everywhere. Government should introduce new plans for plantation and make the surroundings green. In this way, we can prevent deforestation. 17. Patriotism Clues: Introduction-a great virtue- qualities of a patriot- greatness of mother and motherland- examples of patriotism- a person without patriotism-your personal feeling about patriotism. Patriotism Patriotism is a strong feeling of nationality. It backs the development of a country. If all the people have patriotic feeling and devote themselves to the. country, development is possible throughout the country. People should love their birthplace, culture, society as well as their country. If people lack patriotic feeling, they lack interest in working and thus brain-drain takes place. Political leaders and social works must inspire the common people to be patriotic. Patriotism promotes nationality among the people. People think they belong to the same origin, country, culture, and society. They love each other. Co-operation strengthens people to devote themselves to the development of the country. People think they can exist with the existence of their country. Country is the first thing for individual existence. Patriotism only can unite the people. Violence is controlled automatically. All the negative issues become minor when there is patriotic feeling. During war and crisis people forget their minor problems and become united for the sake of the country. Patriotism is an essential quality for national unity, development and it can settle any dispute among the people. A country becomes strong with the feeling of patriotism. So everybody must have patriotic feeling to make the country and themselves exist in a proper manner. 18. Child Labour in Nepal Children are the future of a country. If they are educated, the coming generation will be highly educated. Getting education is their birthright. Neglecting their birthright when they are forced to earn money, it is known as Child Labour'. Child labour is one of the shameful demerits of our society. Our country is a poor country. Many people live their life below poverty line. They can't meet their daily necessary requirements. They have a lot of troubles to manage even food and clothes. They are forced to send their children to do hard labour. Thus 'Child Labour' takes birth. Many rich people have the capacity to employ a servant to do domestic work but they have to pay a lot of money for big servants. So they entice either the children or their guardians to employ children paying a little money.
256 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 Child labour is seen in various forms. Some are employed as domestic workers inside the country. Some are forced to help their guardians in fields and other places. Some are sent to the experts of different areas to learn how to work efficiently in future. Some are employed as Khalasis,' 'Sweepers' and 'Carriers'. Some are sexually exploited by employers. In the name of earning much money, they are sold in circuses and forced to prostitutions. Nowadays, the government of our country has tried to control child labour through various slogans. Many international organizations are also working hard to eliminate it. Different laws have been implemented. But these laws are flouted to continue it. Many children are caught while going across the border to other countries with the traffickers. Many have been penalized too. Maiti Nepal has been very successful in reducing its impact but has not got great success yet. In this way, we see that this dangerous disease of our society has not yet been overcome. Our government should try to bring such programmes that can encourage the guardians to educate their children. The education for all should not only be used as a slogan but also be made a ground reality. More facilities should be provided to organizations like Maiti Nepal. Not only legal but also social punishment is necessary for those who are engaged in spreading child labour. Poverty must be eliminated by changing the financial policy of our country. 19. The Importance of Women/Female Education Education is the divine light which lights the mind and soul of a person to lead a happy life. It also means training and instruction to give knowledge and develop skills. It is necessary for every human being. Nepolean Benaparte said, "Give me a good mother, I will give you a good nation." This shows the importance of women I female education. People have a traditional thought and look down upon women. They are only considered to be a child-bearing machine as well as cook. In some places they are not allowed to come out of their houses without covering their faces with veils. Parents pay their special attention to sons but not to daughters. They are only trained for cooking and doing house-hold work. Due to the lack of education they cannot fulfill their aim. Although they have the capacity to go ahead they are not able to do so because of the lack of education. Know male and female are the two wheels of a cart or two sides of a coin. A coin can't be imagined leaving the other part. A cart cannot run smoothly on only one wheel. Similarly, human life cannot run without the help of women. Horne is the first school and mother is called the first teacher of a child. If a mother is educated a child can get good education at horne, get knowledge, widen its mind, develop its character and mental power. A child learns the language of its mother first. Later it learns the language spoken by father and other family
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 257 members. So, its initial language is known as 'Mother -Tongue'. This verifies that the female education is more important than male education. Women should not be neglected at all. They can also earn name and fame in this world. As for example we can name some well-known ladies like Mao Bhandar Naike, Indira Gandhi, Margaret Thacher, Benazir Bhutto, Seikh Hasina Wazid, Florance Nightingale, Mother Teresa, Madam Currie, An-Sang Suu Kyi and Pasang Lharnu Sherap. In Nepal after the restoration of democracy, women have known the value of education and want to be educated. Our government also is encouraging them to go to school to get education. In conclusion, we can appreciate that if we educate a female child, it will be 'a well-known person. It is the out put of female education. Exercise 1. Write essay on the following topics: a. Equality of education b. Pokhara as a tourist center c. The importance of television d. Men and women are equal e. Health is wealth f. Value of physical exercise g. Cultural heritages of Nepal h. Your first day at school i. A visit to museum j. Your visit to a zoo k. One of your best friends l. Garden m. A famous temple you know n. Street children o. Games and sports p. Pollution q. Seasons r. Student's life s. Your school library t. Importance of prizes for children in school u. A traditional belief in your community v. An interesting place you've recently visited w. An important event in your life 2. Write an essay on the topic 1 Rivers in Nepal' using the clues given in about 200 words. Introduction - advantages-how rivers are polluted-how to best utilize the rivers and protect them-conclusion 3. Write an essay on the following topic in about 200 words. Use the given clues: Television: use, abuse and your opinion
258 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 Part-III Reading Skill Reading Comprehension (Unseen passage) 1. Read the following passage and do the activities given below. It seemed very obvious that Suresh's attacks on other children at school were connected with his jealousy of his younger brother. He attacked his brother at home, just as he attacked other children at school. His attacks on his brother were, of course, linked with his feelings of being unwanted and unloved at home. They also ensured that his mother took notice of him. Similarly, his attacks on the other children gained him the teacher's attention. Once he had the teacher's attention e.g. when she talked to him, he could be very appealing. Just as his frequent quarrels with his younger brother could be seen as his way of telling his mother that he felt hurt by her preference for the younger child, he showed his teacher that he was hurt when she paid attention to other children. Neither his mother nor his teacher neglected him but neither of them could give him much attention as he desired. A. Read the above passage and match the words in column 'A' with their meanings in column 'B'. A B a. unloved i. clear b. preferences ii. making somebody feel pity c. connected iii. feeling of anger d. obvious iv. priority/ a greater interest in e. appealing v. linked not loved f. jealousy vi. not love B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the above passage. a. Suresh attacked .............at home. b. His attacks on the children gained him the ........... attention. c. When the teacher talked to him, he could be very .................... d. Neither his mother nor his teacher paid ............ to him. C. Answer these questions. a. Why did Suresh attack his brother? b. What did he do at school? c. How did Suresh feel at home?
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 259 2. Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions. Dream is thoughts, images or emotions occurring during sleep. Particularly sleep accompanied by rapid eye movement. Dream reports range from the very ordinary and realistic to the fantastic and surreal. Humans have always attached great importance to dreams which have been variously viewed as windows to the sacred, the past and the future or the world of the dead. Dreams have provided creative solutions to intellectual and emotional problems and have offered ideas for artistic pursuits. A type of cognitive synthesis that facilitates conscious insight may occur subconsciously during dreaming. The most famous theory of the significance of dreams is the psychoanalytic model of Sigmund Freud. In Freud's view, desires that are ordinarily repressed are given expression in dreams. A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the passage. a. Dream variations ................. from the very ordinary and realistic to the fantastic and surreal. b. Great ................. has always been attached to dreams. c. Dreams have provided ................. to intellectual and emotional problems. d. Dream is a type of ................. synthesis of subconscious occurring. B. Give short answer to the following questions. a. Why are dreams significant? b. What do we often see in dreams? c. How do you define dreams? d. What happens in dreams? C. From the passage find words that are dose in meaning to the following words. a. quick b. connected c. views d. noted 3. Read the following passage and answer the questions. NOTICE 'This is to notify to all general and life members of NELTA that the scheduled programmes of its eleventh international conference have been postponed due to some unforeseen circumstances. The detail information about the conference with new schedule of programmes will be made available at each branch office of NELFA across the country within two weeks. NELTA would like to apologize for the inconvenience caused by this recent decision of the central executive committee. Nepal English Language Teacher Association (NELTA) Central Executive Committee Kirtipur, Kathmandu
260 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 A. Answer the following questions: a. What does NELTA stand for? b. Where is the detail informational said to be found? c. Why has NELTA postponed the scheduled programmes? d. What two types of members are there in NELTA? 4. Read the following text and do the activities given below: Burma, now as Myanmar, was a free country. But in 1962 the army took control of the country. Ever since then, Myanmar has had harsh military government. However many people have struggled to bring freedom back to Myanmar. For her part in the struggle Aung San Suu Kyi was given the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991. In 1988,AungSanSuuKyi became the leader of the National League for Democracy, a party that opposes Maynmar's military government. She made speeches against the government and organized protests. In July 1989, Suu Kyi continued her struggle for house arrest. Although she remained under house arrest until1995 she continued her struggle for freedom. Protests in Myanmar and around the world forced the military government to have an election but the military government ignored the results. Aung San Suu Kyi was given the Nobel Peace Prize because of the peaceful struggle and her bravery. Soldiers have threatened to shoot her, and many of her followers have been sent to jail or killed. However Suu Kyi has never stopped speaking against the government. She has also argued against violence. Instead of fighting with the government, her protests have always been peaceful. Today, Suu Kyi's struggle goes on, and support around the world continues to grow. A. Find words/phrases from the passage that are similar in meaning to the following words: a. dominated b. goes up against c. objections d. bloodshed B. State whether the following statements are true or false: i. Myanmar is another name for Burma. ii. Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962. iii. The military government accepted the results of the election. iv. Suu Kyi's struggle to free Burma from the military government is on. C. Answer the following questions: a. Why was Aung San Suu Kyi awarded the Nobel Peace Prize? b. What made the military government hold an election? c. How is Suu Kyi struggling for Burma's freedom?
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 261 5. Read the following passage and do the activities that follow. Mount Saint Helens is a volcano. It's located in the United States the South - West Washington and it covers over 35 miles. Until 1980, it was a beautiful recreation area. Fishermen caught large fish in its lakes and river, families camped on its slopes and men and women climbed to its summit. Its last eruption had been 123 years ago. No one was worried about another one. Then, in March 1980, Mount Saint Helens began to make noises. At first there were tremors. Then small eruptions occurred. Some residents left immediately, others felt there was no danger. Nothing was going to happen. A. Answer the following questions. a. What was the name of Volcano? b. How much area does it cover? c. What was it until1980? d. When did it begin to make noise? B. Look at the following statements and write 'T' for true and 'F' for false. a. Mount Saint Helens was not a volcano. b. It's located in Nepal. c. It was beautiful recreation area. d. Men and women never climbed to its summit. 6. Read the following passage carefully and do the activities that follow. If you talk about festivals in NepaC you must talk about Teej. A festival celebrated mostly by married women. On the day of Teej they pray for the health and long life of their husband. The women who celebrate the festival neither eat nor drink anything, not even single drop of water. They go out into the streets dressed in their best saris and ornaments to sing and dance. They share their happiness and sorrows by telling the story of their successful marriage or cursing them for not being able to make their husband happy. Their songs reflect their mixed emotions. A. Put the following sentences into the correct order. i. Teej is the festival celebrated by married women. ii. Their songs reflect their mixed emotions. iii. They do not eat anything to celebrate it. iv. They sing and dance in the street. B. Answer the following questions in short. i. What do the married women wear on the day of Teej?
262 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 ii. Why do they celebrate this festival? iii. How do they celebrate this festival? 7. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below: In fact in the next decade the world is going to have a population of approximately 8 billion. Most scientists agree that the severest problem people then are going to face is producing food. Who is going to feed all these people? Where is the food going to come from? Are we going to have enough food? Are we going to produce more artificial foods? One way of alleviating the situation is for people to eat less meat. Why? Because it takes 4 kilos of grain protein to produce half a kilo of meat protein. Obviously these are not going to be sufficient meat protein for 8 billion people. Therefore, it will also be necessary to change eating habits because meat is a fundamental part of many people's diet today. A possible solution to this latter problem is the soyabean. The soyabean plant produces beans which have a very high fat and protein content. Scientist can now make these look and taste like real meat. They can also make many other artificial products such as soyabean milk for example, which has taste of milk and can be used in cooking in very much the same way as cow's milk. In fact, one woman in the United States fed her family only on soyabeans for a year! She gave them soyabean beef, soyabean chicken, soyabean milk, soyabean yogurt and in the future and eventually eliminate meat completely from our diets. A. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements: a. People are probably going to eat more grain protein in future. b. Soyabeans are only one possible solution to man's food problem. c. People who eat soyabeans get little nourishment. d. Soyabean milk looks like cow's milk but taste will be quite different. B. Match the words in column 'A' with their meaning in column 'B'. Column A Column B Alleviate (i) ultimately Obviously (ii) cow's meat Beef (iii) clearly Eventually (iv) make less severe C. Answer the following questions. a. What's the greatest problem that population explosion will bring in the next decade? b. What do we get from meat eating? c. Name some artificial products from soyabeans.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 263 8. Read the passage and answer the questions given below: Traditionally pests are a part of almost every household in Nepal, and we don't care much for them. In fact, pests are not a problem for us. Hence, we never try to get rid of them. Pests are in our rooms, baths and stores. But for us, as long as they don't creep and crawl on us when we are sleeping or eating, it's not an issue. And at other time, we put Baygon or some insecticide and chemicals we buy and use it according to the word-of-mouth advisory of our neighbours and relatives. If you don't have the time or ability to research your pest problems and safety apply the appropriate procedures and materials to control them, you may want to hire a pest control service to do the job for you. "A professional also has access to some products not available in the market. To be effectively managed, many pest problems like termites on wood and large trees, require specialized equipment, pesticides and technical training/' says MB Lama who runs a pesticide retail shop at Kumaripati in Patan. A. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements: a. Pests are commonly found in Nepali houses. b. We know the ways to control pests. c. Sometimes we get rid of pests through spray. d. Termite is a kind of pest that destroys wood or trees. B. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the above text: a. The name of the pesticide mentioned in the text is ................. b. ................. has a business on pest management. c. In our houses pests are found in d. If we have no idea about pest problem, we can hire ................. C. Answer the following questions: a. Why don't we think pests are problem? b. Who traditionally advise us to apply different insecticides in our houses? 9. Read the passage and answer the questions given below: For me the events of last weekend were a reflection of some of the problems of society today. On Saturday afternoon I attempted to stop a robbery at one of my shops. No one came to my aid during my endeavours; now I have black eye and broken ribs. The apathy and disinterest of bystanders shocked me. The four youths responsible for the robbery made their escape in a Volvo, which suggests that it
264 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 is easier to make a dishonest living rather than an honest one. The shop-owner has shown no interest in my well-being and no gratitude for my attempt to protect his property. I suppose I am fortunate that my injuries are not more serious, but I have found the experience saddening. When will the public stop turning a blind eye to such event and help to prevent them; and take responsibility for factors such as high unemployment which lead to this sort of crime? A. Find words from the passage that are similar in meaning to the following words/phrases. a. gratefulness b. attempts c. damage, harm d. lack of concern B. State whether the following statements are true or false. a. The passage tells about a bank robbery. b. The youths were successful in their attempt. c. The writer believes that it is better to rob people than to do an honest job. d. The writer was sad because he was hurt. C. Answer the following questions: a. Where did the robbery take place? b. How did the writer get hurt? c. How does the writer regard the shop-owner? 10. Read the passage and answer the questions given below: As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving unsteadily through the air, and although the passengers had fastened their seat belts, they were suddenly thrown forward. At the moment, the air-hostess appeared. She looked very pale, but was quite calm. Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she informed everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines - or at least how to drive a car. After a moment's hesitation, a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot's cabin. Moving the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the urgent instruction that were being sent by radio from the airport below. The plane was now dangerously close to the ground, but to everyone's relief, it soon began to climb. The man had to circle the airport several times in order to become familiar with the controls. But the danger had not yet passed. The terrible moment came when he had to land. Following instructions, the man landed the plane towards the airfield. It shook violently as it touched the
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 265 ground and then moved rapidly across the field, but after a long run it stopped safely. Outside, a crowd of people who had been watching anxiously, rushed forward to congratulate the 'pilot' on a perfect landing. A. Match the following: Column A Column B The plane was i. helped the man to land the plane The air-hostess was ii. the life of all the passengers The instructions from the airport iii. also nervous in the situation The man could save iv. rounding in the sky over the airport B. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements: a. The passengers fixed their seat belts firmly. b. The air-hostess sat on the pilot's seat. c. The plane circled over the airport several times to control it. d. The plane was eventually landed safely. C. Answer the following questions: a. How was it obvious that there was something wrong in the plane? b. What happened to the pilot? c. Why did the crowd congratulate the pilot? 11. Read the passage and answer the questions given below: Ostriches are the largest and heaviest living birds. They are the fastest running birds but cannot fly. Ostriches are normally about 8 feet tall and weigh 105 kg. The feathers of male ostriches are mostly black with white at the ends of the wings and in the tail. Females and young male are grayish-brown and white. Their legs are strong and have black feathers. Unlike other birds, they have just two toes on each foot. Their wings are large with a wingspan of over 6 feet but are not used for flight. The feathers, which are soft and fluffy, serve as insulation against the harsh temperature. Ostriches eat insects, fruits, seeds, nuts and small reptiles including plants. Ostriches are found only in Africa. Many now live in forest reserves and other sanctuaries. These birds are native to the dry savannas of Africa and are well adapted to desert life. They can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. Ostriches can go without water for a long time. But they need a gallon and a half everyday so they usually stay near water. Female ostriches lay their eggs in a single communal nest, a simple pit, 30 to 60 ern deep. The eggs are incubated by the females by day and the male
266 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 by night. The gestation period is about 45 days. The chicks run about within minutes of hatching. The life span of an ostrich is from 30 to 70 years. Ostriches lay the biggest eggs in the world. Their eggs are almost spherical in shape and are glossy and creamy in colour, with thick shells marked by small pits. Eggs are six to eight inches in length, six inches in diameter and weigh almost 1400 g. Eggshells are so strong that they can support the weight of a 280 pound person. Different kinds of dishes and water bottles are made out of their eggshells. A. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements: a. Ostriches are the largest and heaviest but slowest birds. b. Their wings are used for both flying and protecting them from severe temperature. c. A wide flat open area of African land is the ostriches' native place. d. Their life is very short that is only 45 days. B. Complete the following sentences supplying words from the text: a. Ostriches' eggshells can be used to make ................. b. Both ................. ostriches incubate eggs. c. An ostrich needs ................. of water for a day. d. The average weight of an ostrich is 105 kg and its egg is ................. C. Answer the following questions: a. How can you distinguish between male and female ostriches? b. What are the foods of ostriches? c. Why do ostriches like to stay near water although they can live in deserts for a long time? 12. Read the passage and answer the questions given below: The origin of many customs is hard to trace, but this one has a definite beginning and it reads like a fairy tale. Many years ago, a beautiful girl in Holland wanted to marry a miller. He did not have much money, but he was loved by everyone because he used to give his flour and bread to the poor. The father of the girl objected to the marriage and said that he would not give his daughter her dowry if she married the miller. The people whom the miller had befriended heard about this and decided to do something. None of them had much money, but they thought that if each one contributed some gift, the beautiful girl and the poor miller could marry after all. So they together went to the girl's house with gifts. Some brought useful articles
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 267 for the kitchen and others brought useful articles for them such as linen lamps. They showered her with gifts, and she was able to marry the man she loved after all. These were the first wedding presents and the custom has remained since. A. Write 'T' for the true and 'F' for the false statement: a. The beautiful girl wanted to marry the poor miller. b. The people loved the miller because of his poverty. c. The girl's father was eager to get them marry. d. They gave the girl many things as presents. B. Rewrite the following sentences in the correct order: a. Many more presents were collected. b. The talk of marriage started. c. The marriage happened. d. The miller shared his problem to his friends. C. Answer the following questions: a. How did the miller help the poor? b. What would the girl's father do if the girl married the miller? c. What did the miller's friends decide to do? 13. Read the passage and answer the questions given below: Nobody likes staying at home on a public holiday especially if the weather is fine. Last August we decided to spend the day in the country. The only difficulty was millions of other people had exactly the same idea. We moved out of the city slowly behind a long line of cars, but at last, we came to a quiet country road and after sometime, stopped at a lonely farm. We had brought plenty of food with us and we got it out of the car. Now everything was ready so we sat down near a path at the foot of a hill. It was very peaceful in the hill. What we saw made us pick up our things and run back to the car as quickly as possible. There were about two hundred sheep coming towards us down the path! A. From the text, find the opposite words in meaning to the following words: a. private b. quite different c. noisy d. crowded B. Choose the correct answers: a. We like ................. when we are on holidays. i. staying at home ii. going out iii. driving car
268 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 b. The narrator lived ................. i. in a village ii. in a city ii. on a hill c. The country was ................. i. peaceful ii. noisy iii. crowded d. They planned to take food sitting ................. i. on the hill ii. in the car iii. at a farm C. Answer the following questions: a. Where did the family of the narrator plan to go? b. How much food did they bring with them? c. Why did they go back to the car quickly? 14. Read the passage and answer the questions given below: In 1964 an American journalist called Nor man Cousins developed a serious problem with his back. It turned out that he had an illness called 'ankylosing spondylitis,' which was extremely painful and according to doctors, incurable. He was admitted to hospital, unable to move and was prescribed a course of strong painkilling drugs. Cousins knew that negative emotions could make you ill, and began to wonder positive emotions and particularly laughter might make you better. He stopped taking the drugs, and moved out of the hospital into a hotel room, which was not only a more cheerful place to be but was also cheaper. There he hired a lot of Marx Brothers and candid camera films, and started to watch them. He found that every time he laughed, the laughter acted as anaesthetic and gave him relief from pain. And the effect lasted some time: 10 minutes' laughter could give him around two hours free from pain. More importantly, he found that he was slowly getting better, and eventually recovered completely from illness. For many years, the medical professionals refused to take Cousins' claims seriously, but now things are changing and some American hospitals have set up 'laughter rooms', where patients can watch videos, listen to cassettes and read joke books, instead of sitting around feeling depressed. A. From the text, find the words that are opposite in meaning to the following words: a. light b. dull c. partially d. elated B. State whether the following statements are true or false: a. 'Ankylosing spondylitis' is an incurable disease. b. Negative emotions do not worsen a disease.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 269 c. Norman Cousins fell ill in 1964. d. Laughter may also be a better treatment than having only medicines. C. Answer the following questions: a. Why was Cousins admitted to hospital? b. How did the hospitals react to the claims made by Cousins initially? c. Why have some American hospitals set up 'laughter rooms'? 15. Read the following passage thoroughly and answer the questions that follow: Football is one of the world's most popular sports. It is the national sport of most European and Latin-American countries, and of many other nations. It is known simply as football in most English speaking countries. Millions of people in more than 200 countries play football. The game's most famous international competition, the World Cup, is held every four years. Audience of hundreds of millions through worldwide television watches the finals. Football, as it is played today, began in England in the mid-1800s. The game grew rapidly in England and Scotland, and soon spread to other parts of the world. The governing body for world football, the Federation International de Football Association (FIFA) was established in 1904. FIFA staged the first Olympic football competitions in 1904, and the first World Cup in 1930. At the highest level, football is a professional game. It is played by mainly boys and men but it is becoming increasingly popular with female players, especially in Scandinavia and some other European countries. A. Find the words in the passage that are similar in meaning to the following: a. liked by many people b. spectator c. speedily d. progressively B. Put the sentences in the correct order: a. It is becoming increasingly popular with female players. b. Millions of people in more than 160 countries play football. c. The game has the most famous international competition. d. Football is the world's most popular sport. C. Answer the following questions: a. Which countries play football as their national game? b. When and where did modern football begin? c. What does FIFA stand for and when was it established?
270 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 16. Read the following letter and do the activities given below: 21 Beacon Road Edinburgh 16th Dec, 2015 Dear Mr. Wander, On December 20th we are planning to hold a dinner to celebrate the fifth anniversary of the Edinburgh Literary Society and I have been asked by our committee to invite you to be guest of honour on this occasion. Since you came to live in our town last year you have always shown a great deal of interest in our activities and you are without doubt our most popular speaker. We shall all be delighted as well as highly honoured if you can again find time to spend an evening in our company. I will send you further details as soon as I hear from you. I hope you will be able to accept this invitation. Yours sincerely, N. Edwards Honorary Secretary Edinburgh Literary Society A. Answer the following questions: a. When was the Edinburgh Literacy Society founded? b. Why was Mr. Wander asked to be the guest of honour? c. How long had Mr. Wander lived in Edinburgh? B. Give the synonyms from the letter for the following words: a. well-known b. glad C. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the above letter: a. A dinner is being held on the occasion of ...................... b. Edwards expects Mr. Wander to ...................... c. Edwards had been asked by the ...................... to invite Mr. Wander. 17. Read the conversation and do the activities. Officer : Tell me what happened, Tirtha. Tirtha : Well, we were celebrating Environment Day near the school. We were demonstrating against the village council. Officer : Why?
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 271 Tirtha : They’ve decided to cut down the trees. Officer : What were you doing at the demo? Tirtha : I was holding a banner. We were marching along the road shouting slogans “Plant trees”, and “save trees.” People started joining us. Everything was O.K. till Dorje arrived. Officer : And what did he do? Tirtha : He pulled my pole away. I resisted. It was all Dorje’s fault, so, why haven’t you arrested him? Officer : We will. Do you know where he lives? Tirtha : No, I don’t. Officer : Well, listen to me, Tirtha, we won’t bring charges against you this time. But you’d better be careful. If there’s any more fighting in that area, you’ll be in trouble. Tirtha : But he started it, not me. Officer : I don’t care who started it. All I want is no fights in my area. Is that clear? You can go now. A. Write which statements are true and which ones are false: a. People were against the demonstration. b. The village council wants to save trees. c. The demonstration was to save trees. d. Dorje escaped from the police. e. Tirtha and Dorje didn't know each other. B. Answer the following questions: a. What was the purpose of demonstration? b. Who was holding the pole? c. Was Dorje at the police station? d. What did the officer say to Tirtha? e. Where did the demonstration take place? f. Why was Tirtha at the police station?
272 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 18. Read the following massage of congratulation put on a newspaper, and answer the questions that follow. HEARTY CONGRATULATIONS Mrs. Joshina Amatya On the auspicious occasion of Environment Day, 2015 We heartily congratulate Mrs. Joshina Amatya for being the first Nepali to receive the prestigious World Environment Conservation Award, 2014 Her untiring effort and dedication in the conservation of the world environment and nature has been truly judged, and this award, we are sure, will strengthen and sharpen her works and studies for the nature and environment. We wish her all success in every one of her future endeavor. Environment Society of Kathmandu, Nepal A. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words or phrases from the above message: a. Mrs. Amatya has received.......................Award 2014. b. She has been congratulated for.......................the award. c. .......................will encourage her to strengthen the works and studies in nature conservation B. Match the words in column 'A' with their meaning in column 'B': Column 'A' Column 'B' (a) occasion (i) the prevention of loss or damage (b) prestigious (ii) to be assessed (c) conservation (iii) a social event, ceremony or celebration (d) judged (iv) having respect or reputation C. Write answers to the following questions: a. Who has been congratulated? b. What has she been congratulated for? c. What has she been awarded for? d. How will the award contribute to her career?
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 273 19. Read the passage and answer the following questions: There is a well-known story about Newton. It is said that one day Newton saw an apple drop from a tree. It set him wondering what made the fruit fall. Why should it not go up? It must be pulled down by some kind of force and this force was gravity. It is an uninteresting tale because Newton was interested not so much in why the apple fell, but why the moon and planets do not fall. This is what his theory of gravity was to explain for the first time. He proved that just as the earth attracted the apple, so it also attracts the moon. The reason why moon does not fall is that it is moving round the earth at a certain speed. The same thing applies to the earth itself and all the heavenly bodies circling the sun. Others had tried to explain the motion of the planets and stars but none of them could give as good an explanation as Newton. For this and other achievements, he is often regarded as one of the founders of modern science. A. Rearrange the following sentences as in the above passage. (i) Newton is called the father of modern science. (ii) Newton called this force gravity. (iii) Newton explained that it was pulled down by some force. (iv) An apple fell from a tree. B. From the above passage find words which are similar in meaning to the following words: (i) thinking about (ii) movement (iii) familiar C. Answer the following questions: (i) What aroused Newton's curiosity? (ii) What is gravity? (iii) How did Newton prove his theory of gravity? (iv) Why is Newton regarded as one of the founders of modern science? 20. Read the notice below and answer the question: NOTICE Buddha Air would like to inform its valued passengers that due to unforeseen circumstances, some of its scheduled flights may be changed until further notice. Therefore, passengers are requested to contact/confirm with the travel agency concerned or the nearest sales office of Buddha Air before commencing their journey. Buddha Air would like to apologize for the inconvenience caused.
274 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 A. Find the words from the notice which are close in meaning to the following definitions: (i) something not known in advance (ii) programme of work to be done (iii) to say one is sorry B. Read the notice again and fill in the gaps with appropriate words: The notice is given to the...............it is about the change of...............The passengers are requested to contact with the concerned travel agency, the nearest...............or the nearest airport office of ...............Air before the commencement of their...............Buddha Air says sorry for............... C. Answer the following questions: a. What is the notice about? b. Which airlines has issued the notice? c. Why is there change in scheduled flights? • I shall never decide by myself. • I'm really looking for high heels. • Do you have any, please? • Yes, you're right. • Old model or latest fashion? • They would clash with the blue though they certainly are pretty.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 275 Part-IV Model Question Prescribed by CDC ENGLISH Reading and Writing (Written Test) Grade: 8 Full Mark: 50 Time: 2 hours Candidates are required to give their answers according to the given instructions. 1. Read the given poem and complete the sentences using the correct words/phrases. (5x1=5) My teacher ate my homework, which I thought was rather odd. He sniffed at it and smiled with an approving sort of nod. He took a little nibble — it’s unusual, but true — then had a somewhat larger bite and gave a thoughtful chew. I think he must have liked it, for he really went to town. He gobbled it with gusto and he wolfed the whole thing down. He licked off all his fingers, gave a burp and said, “You pass.” I guess that’s how they grade you when you’re in a cooking class. -Kenn Nesbitt Questions: a. The speaker thought it ………………. that the teacher was eating his homework. b. The teacher showed a/an ………………. gesture after he smelled the homework. c. A bigger ………………. of the homework made the teacher chew thoughtfully. d. The teacher liked the homework and ate everything with ………………. . e. The speaker is a student of a ……………….. .
276 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 2. Read the following notice and answer the questions. (5x1=5) Parents Day Announcement We are pleased to announce that our school is going to celebrate Parents Day on the 22nd of March on the auspicious occasion of its 42nd anniversary. The programme will be held in the Assembly Hall at 11:00 am. We feel privileged to announce that the Mayor of Bardaghat Municipality will grace the ceremony as the chief guest. We feel proud to announce that the mayor is an ex-student of this school. He will confer the prizes to the winning students in academic, extracurricular, and co-curricular activities. There is also a cultural performance by our talented students to entertain the audience. There will also be a short photo session with the chief guest at the end of the programme. Thank you! Dibya Jyoti Secondary School Questions: a. Is the school new? Why? b. What relation does the Mayor of Bardaghat Municipality have with the school? c. Make a list of the programmes that are going to be held. d. Is Dibya Jyoti a good school for students who are interested in music? e. When will be the photo session? 3. Read the given story and write whether the given statements are true or false. (5x1=5) A 92-year-old lady was totally blind with age. Fully dressed each morning by eight o’clock with perfect make-up, she moved to an old age home. Her husband recently passed away. Although they had been happily married, they did not even have a single child who could support them in their old age. They consulted many specialists from home and abroad to get rid of their problem, but all in vain. After many hours of waiting patiently in the lobby, she smiled sweetly when she was ready. She was provided with a visual description of her tiny room. One of the attendants did it for her. “I love it,” she stated with the enthusiasm of an eight-year-old having just been presented with a new puppy.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 277 “But…but Mrs. Jones, you haven’t seen the room,” said the attendant. “That doesn’t have anything to do with it,’ she replied. “Happiness is something you decide, I have already decided to love it. It is a decision I make every morning I wake up. I can spend the day in bed, recounting the difficulty I have with the parts of my body that do not work, or get out of bed and be thankful for the ones that do. Each day is a gift, and as long as I am alive I will focus on the new day and all the happy memories I’ve stored away, just for this time in my life.” The attendant was touched by the elderly woman’s sense of cheer and boundless enthusiasm. a. Mrs. Jones was active although she was very old. b. Mrs. Jones’ couple had to live in an elderly home. c. After listening to the description of her room, Mrs. Jones was filled with childish joy. d. According to Mrs. Jones, happiness is a personal matter. e. Mrs. Jones’ life was completely boring for her. 4. Read the given passage and do the tasks that follow. 10 Who do you think is the most successful? Who do you think is the least successful? In order to answer these questions, we first need to define success. Everyone has a different definition. Many of us place great value on reaching various goals. Others associate success with material goods, measuring it by how much one can get. Others measure success by how much they can give to their families or to the community. There are many other definitions, but mostly success is related to becoming rich, famous and respected at work. Yet, it doesn’t have to be that way. Being successful could mean simply being satisfied with oneself and one’s career. For many people, a successful person is someone who feels that his or her work and life offer a high degree of success. But how does one get from here to there? How does one reach his feeling of satisfaction with life and career? Successful people do two things: they use their abilities in their work and they set career goals. In other words, successful people choose careers where they can use their abilities. For example, successful teachers are people who know how to help people learn and the best doctors are those who know how to listen to people. Successful people know where they are starting from and what direction they want to give their lives, even if it is simple as raising a happy family. A. What do the words in bold in the following sentences from the text mean? Choose and copy the correct answers. (5 × 1 = 5) a. Many of us place great value on reaching various goals. i. give ii. take iii. understand b. Success is related to becoming rich, famous and respected at work. i. not being able to achieve something
278 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 ii. losing something iii. being able to achieve something c. How does one reach his feeling of satisfaction with life and career? i. duty ii. job iii. richness d. They use their abilities in their work and they set career goals. i. determine ii. know iii. learn e. It is simple as raising a happy family. i. collecting ii. bringing up iv. lifting B. Answer the following questions. (5 x 1 = 5) a. What do we need to do first to identify the most successful person? b. What are the definitions of success mostly related to? c. What two things do successful people do? d. How can you identify whether a doctor is the best or not? e. What two things do successful people know? 5. Identify ten errors in the given paragraph. Rewrite the paragraph by correcting the errors. (10 x 0.5=5) My friend, David, is one of the most careless people i know. He is tall and slim with black hair, and he always wears a T-shirt, and black jeans. his jeans have holes in them, and his baseball boots are shabby. He usually sits at the back of the class. However when the exam results are published he always gets an ‘A’ I dont think he’s as lazy as he appears to be. Wow What a talented fellow he is. Once I asked him, why do you always sit on the back bench he responded that nobody would notice him reading all the time on the back bench. 6. Look at the information on the timeline. Then write about the invention of the internet in about 100 words. Use the verbs in the brackets to help you. 5
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 279 7. Imagine that your uncle sent you a new mobile phone as a gift on your birthday. Write a letter thanking him for the gift. Also, write how you are going to use it for your benefit. 10 8. Rewrite the given sentences as indicated in the brackets. (5 x 0.5 = 2.5) a. Let's meet in the evening today, …………? (Supply a correct tag.) b. Listen! Someone ………… (call) your name. (Write the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.) c. Sunayana never comes to meet me. (Change into affirmative.) d. She says, "It has been raining here for an hour." (Change into indirect speech) e. People grow apples in Dolpa. (Change into passive voice.) 9. Choose and copy the best answer for the numbered blanks below. Rewriting is not compulsory. (5x0.5=2.5) Can you guess why people migrate? Of course, there are various reasons; mainly there are pull and push factors. One of the basic reasons behind people’s migration (a)……………… (is, has, are) the availability of facilities in the destination. (b)……………… (A, An, The) place from where people move to another place is called the place of origin. This is the place where migration starts and the place where they settle down is called the destination. Lack of facilities, drought, landslides, war, etc. are the push factors. In Nepal, people are migrating massively (c) ……………… (by, at, to) the cities and especially to the Terai region. That’s why resources in these areas are used much (d) ………………, (in spite of, however, because) the resources in the hills and mountains are not utilized properly. If migration is not checked in time, Nepal (e)……………… (would face, will face,would have faced) a lot of problems in the future.
280 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 Present (vl) Past (v2) Past Participle (v3) Present (vl) Past (v2) Past Participle (v3) act acted acted invent invented invented add added added invite invited invited advise advised advised involve involved involved allow allowed allowed join joined joined appoint appointed appointed jump jumped jumped argue argued argued kick kicked kicked arrest arrested arrested knit knitted knitted ask asked asked knock knocked knocked attend attended attended laugh laughed laughed beg begged begged like liked liked behave behaved behaved listen listened listened borrow borrowed borrowed live lived lived brush brushed brushed look looked looked call called called manage managed managed care cared cared marry married married carry carried carried melt melted melted celebrate celebrated celebrated move moved moved change changed changed need needed needed chase chased chased neglect neglected neglected clean cleaned cleaned obey obeyed obeyed climb climbed climbed observe observed observed close closed closed occupy occupied occupied compare compared compared offer offered offered confuse confused confused open opened opened continue continued continued oppose opposed opposed cook cooked cooked paint painted painted copy copied copied pass passed passed Regular verbs
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 281 correct corrected corrected pen penned penned crash crashed crashed phone phoned phoned cry cried cried pick picked picked dance danced danced plan planned planned decide decided decided play played played defeat defeated defeated pour poured poured deliver delivered delivered praise praised praised describe described described promise promised promised develop developed developed prove proved proved devote devoted devoted publish published published die died died rain rained rained direct directed directed reach reached reached divide divided divided record recorded recorded dress dressed dressed repair repaired repaired dry dried dried reply replied replied earn earned earned report reported reported edit edited edited return returned returned elect elected elected revise revised revised end ended ended rush rushed rushed enjoy enjoyed enjoyed sail sailed sailed enter entered entered save saved saved entertain entertained entertained share shared shared envy envied envied show showed showed evade evaded evaded smoke smoked smoked explain explained explained spread spread spread explode exploded exploded start started started face faced faced stay stayed stayed fail failed failed stop stopped stopped fascinate fascinated fascinated suggest suggested suggested fill filled filled switch switched switched finish finished finished taste tasted tasted
282 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 fold folded folded tie tied tied follow followed followed touch touched touched found founded founded treat treated treated grant granted granted turn turned turned guess guessed guessed upset upset upset happen happened happened use used used hear heard heard visit visited visited help helped helped wait waited waited imagine imagined imagined walk walked walked include included included wash washed washed insert inserted inserted watch watched watched intend intended intended wish wished wished interest interested interested Irregular verbs Present (vl) Past (v2) Past Participle (v3) Present (vl) Past (v2) Past Participle (v3) awake awoke awoken overcome overcame overcome be was, were been overdo overdid overdone bear bore born overtake overtook overtaken beat beat beat, beaten overthrow overthrew overthrown become became become pay paid paid begin began begun plead pled pled bend bent bent put put put bet bet bet quit quit quit bind bound bound read read read bite bit bitten rid rid rid bleed bled bled ride rode ridden blow blew blown ring rang rung break broke broken rise rose risen breed bred bred run ran run bring brought brought say said said broadcast broadcast broadcast see saw seen
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 283 build built built seek sought sought burn burnt burnt sell sold sold burst burst burst send sent sent buy bought bought set set set cast cast cast shake shook shaken catch caught caught shave shaved shaved choose chose chosen shear shore shorn come came come shed shed shed cost cost cost shine shone shone creep crept crept shoot shot shot cut cut cut show showed showed deal dealt dealt shrink shrank shrunk dig dug dug shut shut shut dive dived dived sing sang sung do did done sink sank sunk draw drew drawn sleep slept slept dream dreamt dreamt slay slew slain drive drove driven slide slid slid eat ate eaten sling slung slung fall fell fallen slit slit slit feed fed fed smite smote smitten feel felt felt speak spoke spoken fight fought fought speed sped sped find found found spend spent spent fit fit fit spill spilt spilt flee fled fled spin spun spun fling flung flung spit spit/spat spit fly flew flown split split split forbid forbade forbidden spread spread spread forget forgot forgotten spring sprang sprung forego forewent foregone stand stood stood forgive forgave forgiven steal stole stolen
284 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-8 forsake forsook forsaken stick stuck stuck freeze froze frozen sting stung stung get got gotten stink stank stunk give gave given strike struck struck go went gone string strung strung grind ground ground strive strove striven grow grew grown swear swore sworn hang hung hung swim swam swum hide hid hidden swing swung swung hit hit hit take took taken hold held held teach taught taught hurt hurt hurt tear tore torn keep kept kept tell told told kneel knelt knelt think thought thought knit knit knit throw threw thrown know knew known thrust thrust thrust lay laid laid tread trod trodden lead led led understand understand understood leap leapt leapt uphold upheld upheld learn learnt learnt wake woke woken leave left left upset upset upset lend lent lent wear wore worn let let let weave wove woven light lighted/lit lighted wed wed wed lose lost lost weep wept wept make made made wind wound wound mean meant meant win won won meet met met withhold withheld withheld mistake mistook mistaken withstand withstood withstood