UNIT 11 IDENTIFYING PEOPLE, PLACES AND OBJECTS Riddle-Giggle-1 A man being attacked by two thugs put up a tremendous fight! Finally, the thugs subdued him and took his wallet. Upon finding only two dollars in the wallet, the surprised thug said “Why did you put up such a fight?” To which the man promptly replied “I was afraid that you would find the $200 hidden in my shoe!” Riddle-Giggle-2 Little Johnny was crying one day, and his dad asked him why. I’ve lost fifty rupees, sobbed Johnny. Don’t worry, said his dad kindly. Here’s fifty rupees more for you. At this Johnny howled louder than ever. Now what is it? asked his dad. I wish I’d said I’d lost hundred rupees! Objectives of the unit After the completion of the unit, students will be able to: ask about people, places and objects identify people, places and objects describe people, places and objects use definite and indefinite articles articulate words correctly of silent ‘t’ use adjectives describing persons use homophones like their, there, etc. STEP FUN COMMUNICATION 1 Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 195
STEP 2 LET’S TALK Language Function Ò identifying people, places and objects Talking Item - 1 A : My friend Rich is coming to town next week. Have you ever met him? B : No, I haven’t. A : He’s kind of crazy, but a great guy. B : Yeah, why do you say so? What’s he like? A : He’s really hard working, but very much a loner. He’s pretty talented and can do just about anything. B : Sounds interesting. Is he married? A : No, he isn’t. B : What does he look like? May be my friend Alice would be interested in meeting him. A : He’s tall, slim and quite good looking. He has round face and bright blue eyes with dimple cheeks. He has a smiling face that charms everyone. I’m sure your friend would find him attractive. What’s she like? B : She’s outgoing and very athletic. A : Really? What sports does she like playing? B : She’s a great tennis player and also prefers bicycling a lot. A : What does she look like? B : She’s kind of exotic looking. She is tall and slim. She’s got long dark silky hair and piercing black eyes. People think she is rather beautiful. 196 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
A : Do you think she would like to meet Rich? B : Sure! Why don’t we introduce them? A : Great idea! Talking Item - 2 Jane : Hello Lucy. I need your advice. Lucy : I’ll help if I can. Jane : I can’t decide which T-shirt to buy. The blue one has long sleeves, while the green T-shirt fits but I don’t like the low neck line. I have a long neck. Lucy : Do they have a blue T-shirt in different sizes? Jane : No, the arm length in all the T-shirts is too short for me. Lucy : I have a similar problem. When I buy trousers and find a pair the correct length, the waist size is too big. Jane : You are very tall. Lucy : Have you tried some of the other stores on the High Street? Jane : Yes, but the quality is not as good as here. Lucy : I recently bought a cardigan and the sleeves ended just below the elbow. The sales person said it was the fashion to have sleeves that length. Jane : Well, I suppose I could buy the blue shirt and tell everyone it is the latest fashion to have shorter sleeves. Lucy : Yes, and it will allow your bracelet to be seen and not hidden by a long sleeve. Jane : Thanks, I’ll buy the blue T-shirt. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 197
Talking Item - 3 A : I love my computer. B : Computers are so cool. A : I love to go online. B : The Internet is amazing. A : You can travel all over the world. B : I know. I went to China yesterday. A : What did you do? B : I stood on the Great Wall and looked all around. A : What was it like? B : It was like the real thing. A : It was like being there? B : Yes, I felt like I was actually there. Talking Item - 4 Guide : Hello, sir. I am your guide and I will help you to explore Delhi today. Tourist : Yeah, sure. Guide : This is the heart of Delhi which is also known as CP. Tourist : Could you please tell me the full form of CP? Guide : Connaught Place. Tourist : What’s so special about this place? Guide : It’s the best place to hang out. It’s a place where you can get almost everything. It’s not only a commercial hub but a transportation hub as well. Tourist : Oh! Is this place good for shopping also? Guide : Yes! Here you can get all the trendy and branded items of every range. 198 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Tourist : Is there any shop famous for clothes? Guide : Yes. Shop no. 36 near west block is very famous for clothes. Tourist : What kind of clothes will I get there? Guide : Ethnic as well as western clothes. Both the options are available there. Tourist : Is there any place where I can click a lot of awesome pictures? Guide : Yup! The inner circle of CP is best for photo-shoot. Tourist : What kind of environment is there? Guide : It offers absolutely lively environment. There is also a central park where you can sit for hours and relax. And you can also take pictures of our nation flag which is right in the middle of that park. Tourist : That’s marvelous. Could you please guide me there? Guide : Yeah, sure. STEP 3 READING READING ITEM - I Biography Read the lesson thoroughly at home before you are taught it in the classroom. Find its difficult words and phrases. Write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Pre-reading Project Pre-reading Activity Name some English writers. ………………… …………………….. ………………………….. ………………… …………………….. ………………………….. While Reading Activities Read, find and discuss. Who was John Milton? What did he write? Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 199
John Milton John Milton was a great English writer of the 17th Century. Milton was also a great believer in liberty. Milton was born in Bread Street in London on 9 December 1608. His father, John, was a scrivener (a man who wrote contracts and other legal documents.) His mother was called Sarah. From the age of 12, he was sent to St. Paul’s School. In 1625, Milton went to Cambridge University. He was awarded a BA degree in 1629 and an MA degree in 1632. After leaving university, Milton continued studying at home. He also wrote poetry. In 1629, Milton wrote a poem called on The Morning of Christ’s Nativity. In 1634, a masque by John called Camus was performed. (In the early 17th Century, a masque was a form of entertainment for the rich. It involved drama, music and dance.) In 1638, a famous poem by Milton called Lycidas was published. In 1638-39, Milton travelled to France and Italy and he met Galileo. In 1639, Milton returned to England and he became a school teacher in London. In 1642, civil war began between the king and the parliament. John Milton was a strong supporter of freedom, so naturally, he supported the parliament. In 1642, Milton wrote pamphlets attacking episcopacy (the belief that the church should have bishops). In 1644, he wrote a pamphlet in favor of freedom of speech. Following the execution of King Charles I in 1649, John Milton wrote materials supporting the Commonwealth (the republican government that ruled from 1649 to 1660). Milton also worked for the government translating documents into Latin. Tragically, in 1652, Milton went blind. However, in 1667 his great work Paradise Lost was first printed. It deals with the rebellion of Adam and Eve against God and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. In 1671 another work by Milton, Paradise Regained was published. Meanwhile, Milton was married 3 times. John Milton died on 8 November 1674 aged 65. He was buried in St. Giles Church in Cripplegate, London. Today he is remembered as the greatest English writer of the 17th century. 200 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Post-reading Activities VOCABULARY TEST 1. Choose and write. Choose the correct word of the following definitions from the box. paradise century translation execution drama autobiography biography liberty a. The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions: ............... b. An account of someone’s life written by someone else: ............ c. An account of a person’s life written by that person: ............... d. A play for theatre, radio, or television: ............... e. He carrying out of a sentence of death on a condemned person: ............... f. Express the sense of (words or text) in another language: ......... g. A period of one hundred years: ............... h. an ideal or idyllic place or state: ............... COMPREHENSION CHECK 2. Choose the correct option. a. Milton was a great lover of i. slavery ii. captivity iii. liberty b. After leaving university, Milton studied at: i. college ii. school iii. home c. Milton got a degree of Bachelor in i. 1628 ii. 1629 iii. 1632 d. The republican government started in i. 1639 ii. 1649 iii. 1659 Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 201
3. What happened in the following date lines? Write. Date Events 9 December 1608 Milton was born. 1625 1629 1629 1632 1634 1638 1638 1639 1642 1644 1649 1652 1660 1671 8 November 1674 4. Answer the following questions: a. What did Milton believe in? b. Who were his father and mother? c. What are his famous works? d. What happened to King Charles I? e. What does Paradise Lost deal with? CREATIVE WORK Write a biography of your favorite writer or poet. READING ITEM - II Describing Places Read the lesson thoroughly at home before you are taught it in the classroom. Find its difficult words and phrases. Write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Pre-reading Project 202 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Kathmandu Kathmandu is the largest city and capital of Nepal. Kathmandu is now a hub for independent travellers catering to all budgets. It is an open air museum of famous sites, ancient temples and shrines as well as golden pagodas. It is a city of unlimited historic and cultural interest. Several beautiful and interesting villages and towns surround the valley. The dazzling Himalayan peaks are visible from several points on the mountains around. According to a census conducted in 2011, Kathmandu metropolis alone has 2.5 million inhabitants. The metropolitan city area is 50.67 square kilometres. It has a population density of 3000 per km². The city stands at an elevation of approximately 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) in the bowl-shaped Kathmandu Valley of central Nepal. It is surrounded by four major mountains: Shivapuri, Phulchoki, Nagarjun, and Chandragiri. Kathmandu Valley comprises three districts: Kathmandu, Lalitpur, and Bhaktapur. It has the highest population density in the country. Historically, the Kathmandu Valley and adjoining areas were known as Nepal Mandala. Until the 15th century, Bhaktapur was its capital. Today, Kathmandu is the capital of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. It is located in the Bagmati Province. Kathmandu is the gateway to tourism in Nepal. It is also the nerve center of the country’s economy. It has the most advanced infrastructure of any urban area in Nepal, and its economy is focused on tourism, which accounted for 3.8% of Nepal’s GDP in 1995–96. In 2013, Kathmandu was ranked third Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 203
among the top 10 travel destinations on the rise in the world by TripAdvisor, and ranked first in Asia. The city has a rich history, spanning nearly 2000 years, as inferred from inscriptions found in the valley. Religious and cultural festivities form a major part of the lives of people residing in Kathmandu. Most of Kathmandu’s people follow Hinduism and many others follow Buddhism. There are people of other religious beliefs as well, giving Kathmandu a cosmopolitan culture. Nepali is the most commonly spoken language in the city. Newars are the indigenous people of the Kathmandu valley. So, typical Newari culture is rampant in the valley. Kathmandu’s sister cities (Lalitpur Patan) and Bhaktapur are integral to Kathmandu’s cultural heritage, tourism industry, and economy; therefore UNESCO’s World Heritage Site lists all three cities’ monuments and attractions together under one heading, “Kathmandu Valley-UNESCO World Heritage Site”. Post-reading Activities VOCABULARY TEST 1. Learn and add. Learn the given word meanings and add a synonym to each from the box. contains alluring bulk target arts ethnic core attached providing nearly poll arrangement tombs dwellers important tradition center proliferating free Words Meanings Synonyms adjoining connecting neighboring approximately about roughly catering cookery cooking 204 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Words Meanings Synonyms census survey count comprises encompasses includes dazzling amazing glittering density mass thickness destination endpoint purpose heritage legacy culture hub center heart independent self-governing sovereign indigenous native original infrastructure setup groundwork inhabitants residents occupants integral essential fundamental museum gallery exhibition hall rampant widespread extensive shrines monuments temples 2. Choose the correct word for each definition from the box. culture museum capital metropolis republic tourism inscriptions a. Things inscribed or carved as on a monument or in a book: ______ b. A building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited: __________ c. The city or town that functions as the seat of government and administrative centre of a country or region: __________ d. A very large and busy city: __________ e. A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives but not by a monarch: __________ f. The activities of people traveling to and staying in places outside their home: __________ g. The ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a particular people or society: __________ Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 205
3. Tick the correct option. a. Kathmandu is now a hub for independent travellers catering to all budgets. What does the word catering in the above sentence tell us? i. providing ii. cooking iii. confining b. The city stands at an elevation of approximately 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) in the bowl-shaped Kathmandu Valley of central Nepal. The word ‘approximately’ in the sentence means: i. nearly ii. completely iii. appropriately c. Today, Kathmandu is the capital of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. The word ‘federal’ in the sentence refers to: i. Having many states or provinces within a country ii. Having no provinces in a country iii. Single government system in a country COMPREHENSION CHECK 4. Answer the following questions: a. Why is Kathmandu a hub for tourists? Give two regions. b. What is called the people living in per square kilometer? c. Which city of Nepal has the highest population density? d. Name the four mountains that surround the Kathmandu Valley? e. Why is typical Newari culture prevalent in Kathmandu? f. Who are the dominant religious communities of Kathmandu? g. How do the people of the world know about Kathmandu? CREATIVE WORK Write an essay about your favourite city. 206 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP 4 LET’S RECITE AYO GURKHALI By : Harry Power From where come these warriors with KHUKRIS in hand, Led into battle by a magnificent pipe band, They came from the high country by the name of Nepal, As soldiers deserving the title “Loyal” Across fields of slaughter in some foreign land, Over the seas, mountains, desert, jungle and sand, They fought and they suffered diseases, wounds and all, Sometimes outnumbered with backs to the wall These men with such pride and willingness to serve, Have our admiration they richly deserve, The enemy shudder in positions where they lie, When out of the dark is heard “AYO GURKHALI” VOCABULARY TEST 1. There are two synonyms of each word. Choose and write. faithful killing tremble murder combat appreciation respect shiver superb brilliant fight trustworthy a. magnificent : ____________ ____________ b. battle : ____________ ____________ c. loyal : ____________ ____________ d. slaughter : ____________ ____________ e. admiration : ____________ ____________ f. shudder : ____________ ____________ Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 207
COMPREHENSION CHECK 2. Answer the following questions: a. What do the warriors have in their hand? b. Where have they come from? c. What tittle do they deserve? d. Why do these warriors deserve our admiration? e. What makes the enemies shudder? CREATIVE WORK Compose a poem about Gurkhali Soldiers. STEP 5 GRAMMAR WORK Wh. Questions Relative Clauses Use of Wh. Questions: Who, Where, Why, When, How, What, Which, Whose, Whom Look at these sentences: Wh. Questions Used for Examples Who person A: Who is your English teacher? B: Mr. Rajiv is our English teacher. Where place A: Where do you live? B: I live in Kathmandu. Why Reason A: Why do you like him? B: Because he is very helpful. When Time A: When do you go to office? B: I go to office at nine o’clock. How manner A: How do you go to office? B: I go to office on foot. 208 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
What Object, idea or action A: What do you eat in your lunch? I eat rice, pulse and vegetable in my lunch. Which choice A: Which is your best subject? B: English is my best subject? Whose Possession A: Whose bag is this? B: It is my bag. Whom Object of the verb A: Whom did you give the gift? B: I gave the gift to my sister. Exercise 17 Make interrogative sentences using Wh. words given in the brackets. Wilson is an English teacher. (Who) Who is Wilson? Rekha went to Japan yesterday(Where ) Rohit did not come to school. He was sick.(Why) He wakes up at six. (When) She goes to office on her bicycle. Parkas published a book.(what) Nile is the longest river of the world. (Which) That is Rina’s house.( Whose) Arati gave fifty rupees to her brother.(Whom) Relative Clauses We can use relative clauses to join two English sentences, or to give more information about something. Relative clauses are formed by using words like that, which, who, whose, why, when, where, etc. Look at these sentences: I like the boy who lives next door. (If I don’t say who lives next door’, then we don’t know which boy I mean.) He is the man who broke my umbrella. This is the school where I studied high school. There was a one-year guarantee card which came with the phone. He is a singer whose albums have sold millions. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 209
Types of relative clause There are two types of relative clauses. They are defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses. Defining relative clause A defining clause or essential clause tells us which specific person or thing we are talking about in a larger group of people or things. If a defining relative clause is removed, the meaning of the sentence changes significantly. A defining relative clause is not separated from the rest of the sentence by commas or parentheses. Examples: The woman who visited me in the hospital was my mother. The man who stole my money has been arrested. Non-defining clause A non-defining or non-essential clause gives us more and extra information about the person or thing we are talking about. If a non-defining relative clause is removed from a sentence, we lose some detail, but the overall meaning of the sentence remains the same. Non-defining relative clauses are always set off from the rest of the sentence with commas or parentheses. Examples My father, who is 80 years old, lives in the village. (In this sentence, who is 80 years old is extra information about my father. If we remove it from the sentence, the meaning of the sentence is not affected.) Elephants, which are the largest land mammals, live in herds. (In this clause, which are the largest land mammals is extra information about the elephants. If we remove it, the meaning of the sentence ‘Elephants live in herds’ is not changed.) 210 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Exercise 18 Combine the sentences using relative clauses. We called a doctor. The doctor lives nearby our house. We called the doctor who lives nearby our house. a. I dropped a glass while drinking water. The glass was new. b. She loves books. The books have happy endings. c. The girl works in a bank. The girl is from Japan. d. I saw an old man on the road. The man was wearing black spectacles. e. He lost the money. I had given him the money. f. My sister called a doctor. My mother knew him. g. The fruit is on the table. I bought the fruit. h. The food was delicious. The food was cooked by my father STEP 6 WRITING A biography A paragraph ITEM - I Paragraphs Writing The Eiffel Tower The Eiffel Tower welcomes almost seven million people every year, making it the most visited paid-for monument in the world. Completed on March 31, 1889, the tower was the world’s tallest man-made structure for 41 years, until the completion of the Chrysler Building in New York in 1930. Many believe that the Eiffel Tower makes Paris the most romantic city in the world, or maybe it’s the 20,000 light bulbs that make the tower sparkle like a star every night. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 211
Exercise 1 Write short paragraphs on the following topics: a. Lumbini, the birthplace of Buddha b. The Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy c. The Dharahara in Kathmandu ITEM - II Biography Exercise 2 a. Write a short biography of your grandfather or grandmother getting information from them or your parents. b. Write a short biography of Laxmi Prasad Devkota. c. Write a short biography of your favourite actor or player. d. Write a short biography of your favourite singer. e. Write a short biography of a Nepali scientist. STEP 7 WORD POWER Kitchen utensils spoon knife rolling pin spatula whisk blender plate glass 212 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
bowl tongs frying pan mortar pestle fork peeler lemon squeezer grater apron saucer bottle opener jug oven wok freezer thermos teapot ladle cup pressure cooker Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 213
STEP word WORDS IN USE use 8 Use the following nouns in your sentences showing their uses. Spoon: A spoon is used for eating, stirring, and serving food. Ladle: A large long-handled spoon with a cup-shaped bowl, used for serving soup or sauce. freezer teapot fork oven saucer peeler tongs bowl glass knife STEP 9 DICTIONARY WORK Look up the given words in a dictionary and write. A long or along? a. We walked __________ the beach collecting small crabs in a bucket. b. I am too tired. I can’t walk __________ distance with you. c. Why don’t you take him __________ with you when you go? d. It was __________ journey to reach America from Nepal. STEP 10 PRONUNCIATION SKILL Consonant sounds Look, listen and say after your teacher how the consonant sounds are articulated. Sounds Examples Sounds Examples b bad, lab d did, lady f find, if g give, flag h how, hello j yes, yellow 214 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
k cat, back l leg, little m man, lemon n no, ten ŋ sing, finger p pet, map r red, try s sun, miss ∫ she, crash t tea, getting t∫ check, church θ think, both ð this, mother v voice, five w wet, window z zoo, lazy з pleasure, vision dз just, large Highlight the phonetic symbols of consonants with new words and their transcriptions on a chart paper or on the power point and present them to the class. The best presenter will be declared as the Star Presenter. Project and Presentation STEP 11 LISTENING TEST Listen and complete. a. Gail Mirabella used to __________ dogs to do tricks in her childhood. b. Later her __________ turned into career. c. She works as a dog trainer in a __________ . d. She had a white ---------------- when she was a little baby. e. She got her first dog for herself when she was __________ years old. f. She develops a good __________ with the dogs before training them. STEP 12 PROJECT WORK Prepare a short biography of your mother or father. Collect all the biographies and prepare a booklet entitled with OUR PARENTS. Keep it safe in your school library. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 215
UNIT 12 DESCRIBING APPEARANCE Objectives of the unit After the completion of the unit, students will be able to: Ò describe appearance of people Ò write short notices Ò make negative statements Ò articulate the contracted forms of ‘to have’ Ò use vocabulary of apology like sorry, pardon, oops, etc. Ò use some homophones like ‘its’, ‘it’s’ correctly STEP 1 Warm-up Work 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Which tank will fill up first? 216 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP 2 LET’S TALK Language Function Ò describing appearance Talking Item - 1 A : Excuse me, are you Ms. Davis? B : No, I am not Ms. Davis but I know who she is. A : Great! Can you tell me where to find her? B : I am not sure where she is in the building now. A : I do know what she looks like though. B : Can you describe her, please? A : She is a tall woman, with dark brown hair and light brown eyes. B : Do you know what she is wearing? A : Yes. She is wearing a white dress shirt and black blazer and skirt. B : Thank you so much. A : You’re welcome. I hope you find her. Talking Item - 2 A : I have a surprise for you, Bir! B : What is it? A : I am sending you on a blind date with my co-worker, Joshna. You two would make a perfect couple. B : Thanks but I do not even know what he looks like. A : He is very handsome. He has a very friendly face. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 217
B : What do you mean friendly face? A : He has a bright smile, beautiful blue eyes and smooth skin. B : He will make you smile. I know you like tall guys as well and he is 6’3’’. He sounds very attractive! Talking Item - 3 A : You know I am very inspired by Nelson Mandela. B : Wasn’t he the former South African president? A : Yes, he was. He fought a long time for South Africa’s independence. B : He looked like Obama, didn’t he? A : Oh no, he didn’t! Mandela was old. Obama is young! B : But they are both tall and thin and black and they have short hair. A : But Obama’s hair is black, and Mandela had white hair. B : Well, they look similar to me. Unfortunately, Mandela is no more with us. Talking Item - 4 A : I love football season! My favourite player is Sean Culver of this season. B : Who is that? He plays for Dallas? A : Yea. He is running back. B : He is of average height and has brown skin. A : I still don’t know who he is. What else does he look like? B : He is very muscular, has long hair and wears glasses to press conferences. A : Oh! I know who he is. B : I do not like him; he helped beat my favourite team, the Patriots. 218 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP 3 READING READING ITEM - I A Description of a Celebrity Read the lesson thoroughly at home before you are taught it in the classroom. Find its difficult words and phrases. Write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Pre-reading Project Pre-reading Activity Write some of the prominent Nepali and Indian actors. Tell about your favourite actor. Nepali Actors Indian Actors While Reading Activities Read, find and discuss. Why is Salman Khan a prominent actor? How is his nature? Salman Khan Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan who is popularly known as Salman Khan is an Indian film actor, producer and television personality. This is why he is cited in the media as one of the most popular and commercially successful actors of Hindi cinema. He was born on Monday 27 December 1965, in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 219
Having dark brown eyes and black hair, Salman Khan is strongly built man. He is approximately 5’8’’ tall and weighs 75 kg. His physical appearance charms everyone. Salman Khan possesses great compassion and seeks to be of service to others. He has concern for the weak and the downtrodden. He is a healer and a helper to others. Salman is capable of giving comfort to those in need and frequently offers a shoulder for others to cry on. Khan’s task in life is to develop the tools necessary to be truly helpful to others, rather than to simply be a sympathetic ear. Salman Khan must find the balance between help and interference. Salman Khan is naturally balanced. Therefore, he is well equipped to support and ground others in times of trial. It is in his nature to take on responsibility - often filling the void left by others - and not to turn away from personal sacrifice. The love of others bestows upon him is his well-deserved reward. Salman tries to maintain harmony within the family or group, balancing and fusing divergent forces. He has a soft heart like a parent offering warmth, protection, and understanding to children. He is generous, kind, and attractive. Khan is often admired even adored which baffles him. He is humble and yet he carries a deep pride. Salman Khan moves well and gracefully. After all, it is in Salman’s nature to be attracted to the weaker brothers and sisters among us. Salman Khan is blessed with musical talent, as well as in the visual and performing arts. However, his creativity may well be suppressed due to his willingness to sacrifice, or his inability to fully appreciate his own talents. This is not to say that Salman cannot excel in these areas; on the contrary, he has the talent, and with effort he can make a success in a number of artistic fields. Khan also has enormous talent in business. He is blessed with a great deal of charm and charisma, which Salman Khan uses effectively to attract the people and support he needs. 220 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Post-reading Activities VOCABULARY TEST 1. Find the words that are similar in meaning to the following from the colored ones in the text. a. allures : __________ b. sympathy : __________ c. oppressed : __________ d. intervention : __________ e. coherence : __________ f. puzzles : __________ g. different : __________ h. huge : __________ COMPREHENSION CHECK 2. Answer the following questions: a. When and where was Salman Khan born? b. Describe Salman Khan’s physical appearance? c. Why is Salman Khan cited in the media? d. Write any two humanitarian qualities of Salman Khan? e. What is his nature about taking responsibility? f. What is Salman Khan blessed with? CREATIVE WORK Write an essay describing your favourite actor or actress. READING ITEM - II A Famous Monument Read the lesson thoroughly at home before you are taught it in the classroom. Find its difficult words and phrases. Write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Pre-reading Project Pre-reading Activity Name some of the famous monuments of the world. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 221
While Reading Activity Read, find and discuss. Who built the Taj Mahal and why? Where is it located? Why is it so famous? Taj Mahal Introduction Taj Mahal is one of the most famous architectural wonders of the world. It is also listed as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. It is no surprise that thousands of people from across the world come attracted by the beauty of this monument, all year round. This monument is located in the city of Agra on the bank of river Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh, India. Taj Mahal is seen as one of the prime examples of the excellence in Mughal architecture. Why Taj Mahal is famous Taj Mahal is one of these monuments whose ethereal beauty and architectural finesse remains unparalled for ages. For some people, it is this beauty of the tomb that attracts them to the monument, for the others, it is the story behind the construction of the Taj Mahal that appeals the most to them. This ancient monument stands proudly as the symbol of love between the emperor and his queen. It is seen as the epitome of the love and inspires people from all over the world to come witness its grandeur for generation after generation. A brief history of Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal was constructed under the reign and guidance of the famous Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. This monument was built as an ode to his beautiful 222 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
wife Mumtaz Mahal and the love between them. The construction of the Taj Mahal started in the year 1632. It took approximately 20,000 workers to work relentlessly for almost 20 years to finish the entire construction. After the death of his beloved wife, Shah Jahan decided to build a monument that will bear witness to his dedication to their love. He called on all of the finest artisans from all over the country to build the Taj Mahal. He wanted the Taj Mahal to be unlike any monument ever built, he wanted it to be unique. The emperor planned this monument to be his last gift to his wife. Under the tomb of the Taj Mahal, the Empress remains buried. Emperor Shah Jahan, too, was later buried at the same place beside Mumtaz Mahal. The architecture In 1983, UNESCO declared the Taj Mahal as a Heritage Site. The structure of the tomb is made from the finest white marble. Marble imported from a number of countries all over the world was used in its construction. Before finalizing the design of Taj Mahal, Shah Jahan extensively went through a number of designs and rejected many more. The walls of the monument are meticulously engraved with precious gem stones. The design of Taj Mahal involves traits of smart architecture. Each of the four pillars around the main tomb has a separate name to itself. This was planned to prevent the monument from being damaged by natural disasters. The architectural style of Taj Mahal combines the features of Persian, Turkish, Indian and many other architectural styles. Post-reading Activities VOCABULARY TEST 1. Learn and add. Learn the given word meanings and add synonyms to them. crypt comprehensively individualities ruins tribute design strange embodiment ruthlessly Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 223
Words Meanings Synonyms monument architecture ethereal epitome relentlessly tomb extensively traits disasters memorial construction ghostly essence persistently grave widely characters tragedies shrine building unearthly archetype ceaselessly vault broadly qualities adversities ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 2. Find the words that are opposite in meaning from the text. a. permit : _________ b. carelessly : _________ c. uncovered : _________ d. accepted : _________ e. slightly : _________ COMPREHENSION CHECK 3. Decide true or false. a. The Taj Mahal is an unrivaled building located in Agra. b. It was built by Emperor Ashoka. c. Mumtaj was the beloved wife of Shah Jahan d. It took twenty months to finish the building. e. The construction work of Taj Mahal started in 1732. f. The walls of the monument are methodically engraved with precious gem stones. 4. Answer the following questions. a. Who built the Taj Mahal and why? b. Where is the Taj Mahal situated? c. Whose tombs are in the Taj Mahal? 224 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
d. How do the people of the world know about the Taj Mahal? e. What is the significance of the Taj Mahal? CREATIVE WORK Write an essay about a famous monument. STEP 4 LET’S RECITE Pre-reading Activity Tell your friends about some famous monuments of Nepal. While Reading Activity What makes the Great Wall wonderful? The Great Wall of China From space you can see it It’s really that huge built A structure of cosmic dimensions A wonder of the man’s creations These days we may feel We cannot make change But The Great Wall of China Shows what we can do By just putting one brick on another. It’s such a magnificent sight I wish I could walk it by night Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 225
The Peacock Peacock, Peacock, your colours are fine, That lovely sea blue, I wish you were mine Your beautiful patterns look like a rainbow, With wonderful colours of green, blue and yellow, Your movement is beautiful, elegant and proud, And the sound of your cry is so very loud, Your eyes are magical and wonderful green You really are a sight to be seen. Let’s learn new words dimensions : sizes elegant : graceful, sophisticate patterns : designs, shapes magnificent : superb, wonderful COMPREHENSION CHECK 1. Complete the passage. The Great Wall of China is a ___________ sight created by human beings. It can be seen from the ___________ This huge ___________ gives a message that we can do a wonderful thing just putting one ___________ to another. 2. Answer the following questions: a. What human structure is seen from the space? b. What message does the Great Wall give? c. What does a peacock look like? d. How is the movement of the peacock? e. How are the eyes of the peacock? CREATIVE WORK Compose a poem about a bird. 226 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP 5 GRAMMAR WORK ITEM -I SIMPLE PRESENT Look at these sentences: Positive: She likes mangoes. Negative: She does not like mangoes. Yes/No question: Does she like mangoes? Exercise 18 1. Choose the correct option. a. She ___________ to school at 9 o’clock. i. goes ii. go iii. is go b. We ___________ our country. i. loves ii. love iii. are love c. Do you ___________ chocolate milk? i. likes ii. like iii. be like d. I ___________ to go now. i. want ii. wants iii. wanting e. Sorry, father ___________ not here now. i. is ii. am iii. be f. They’re not here. They ___________ on holiday right now. i. are ii. be iii. going g. My brother ___________ go to school with me. i. does not ii. don’t iii. is not h. My parents ___________ in a two-bedroom apartment. i. live ii. lives iii. are live i. You ___________ so happy today. i. looks ii. seem iii. be j. ___________ they play with you? i. Do ii. Does iii. Are Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 227
k. We ___________ not know him. i. do ii. does iii. are l. Does he …..call you? i. call ii. calls iii. is call GRAMMAR ITEM II: LOOK AND LOOK LIKE 1. Look at these conversations. A : I’ve just met my friend’s father? B : Oh? What does he look like? A : He is tall, handsome – just my father. *** A : I saw the new office building today. B : What’s it like? A : It’s beautiful! Exercise 19 2. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. a. Hi Rita! Are you feeling alright? You _______a ghost! i. like ii. look like iii. are like b. What _______to do after school? i. does he like ii. are you like iii. do you like c. You are the image of your mother. It’s incredible how much you_______ her. i. are like ii. look like iii. like d. What _______the weather _______in New York at the moment? i. does/look like ii. is /be like iii. is like e. Rima works very well. She _______her sister. i. likes ii. is like iii. looks like f. What _______your new boss_______? i. is/like ii. does/look like iii. be like 228 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
g. I wonder who the baby_______ i. is like ii. looks like iii. does look like h. It’s a well-known fact that teenagers tend to _______junk food. i. look like ii. be like iii. like i. So you’ve found a new job. What _______it _______? i. does/like ii. is/like iii. be/like STEP 6 WRITING WORK WRITING CONDOLENCE HEARTFELT CONDOLENCES IN LOVING MEMORY OF We express our heartfelt grief and sympathy at the sudden and untimely demise of our beloved teacher Mr. Abin Gurung He was the Head of Department of English and most beloved and brilliant English teacher who died on a road accident. We extend our heartfelt condolences to his bereaved family and relatives and pray that his departed soul will rest in peace in heaven. He will always remain in our hearts and memories. Principal and School Family Pathfinder English Secondary School Kapan, Kathmandu SEPTEMBER 1947 NOVEMBER 2021 PHOTO Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 229
Exercise a. Imagine that you are the Principal of a school and one of your students died. Now write a message of condolence to be published in a newspaper. b. Imagine that you are the President of a Football Club and one of your friends died due to heart attack. Now write a formal message of condolence to be published in a newspaper. STEP 7 WORD POWER Verbs, nouns and adjectives A verb can be changed into a noun and an adjective. Look at the following table. Verbs Nouns Adjectives Verbs Nouns Adjectives act action active attract attraction attractive achieve achievement achievable die death dead Exercise Identify the following words and write them in their correct columns. adjust adjustment adjustable add additional addition advice advisable advise admiration admire admirable amusing amuse amusement attend attention attentive belief believable belief cheerful cheerfulness cheer collective collect collection confuse confused confusion continue continuity continuous decide decisive decision power empower powerful endanger danger dangerous Verb Noun Adjective Verb Noun Adjective 230 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP word WORDS IN USE use 8 Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. a. Would you kindly ________ the things again? I could not understand your ________? (explainable/ explain/explanation). b. You cannot ________ anything from me. (expectation/expect/expected) c. She has got her ________ result. (expect/expectation/expected) d. Don’t ________ this ________. It is poisonous. (food/feed/poisonous) e. His bitter speech ________ her badly. He is a very ________ man. (harms/harmful/harm) f. Nepal has a long ________ history. (glory/glorious/glorify) g. If you want to be ________, you should ________ your diseases. (heal/health/healthy) h. Thomas Addison was a great scientist. He ________ many ________. His mind was ________. (invented/inventions/inventive) i. Why do you ________ me? I don’t like your ________. You are very ________ person. (irritating/irritation/irritate) j. Let’s ____ a happy ________. Our ________ is very short. We can enjoy when we are ________. (alive/live/life) STEP 9 DICTIONARY WORK Look up the words in a dictionary and write. Amoral or immoral? a. The word ___________ is formed with the prefix ___________ and it means not concerned with right or wrong or lacking a moral sense. b. The word ___________ is formed with the prefix ___________ and it means not following accepted moral standards. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 231
Alter or altar? a. We had to ___________ some of our plans due to lack of money. b. He knelt in front of the ___________ and prayed. STEP 10 FUN WITH SOUND Pronunciation of the suffix-s as /s/ After voiceless consonants (/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ /∫/ /h/ /ch/), -s is pronounced as /s/. Look at the examples: Words Pronunciation Words Pronunciation tapes /teips/, streets /stri:ts/ parks /pa:rks/ chiefs /chi:fs/ myths /miθs/ grips /grips/ writes /raits/ sniffs /sniffs/ STEP 11 LISTENING TEST Listen and complete. c. Sujan and Lata are talking about their ___________ . d. They are now in ___________ class. e. Lata has decided to become a ___________ . f. There is a shortage of good ___________ in our country. g. Sujan wants to be an ___________ officer. h. He wants to get admission in an agriculture ___________ . i. He will make ___________ on agriculture. j. They decide to do well in their ___________ . STEP 12 PROJECT WORK Give each student to collect confusing words like alter, altar. Make a booklet of confusing words. 232 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
UNIT 13 EXPRESSING ABILITY WITH REASONS Objectives of the unit After the completion of the unit, students will be able to: Ò ask about ability and respond to it Ò write short news reports Ò rearrange sentences to make readable stories Ò use words can, can’t, could, and couldn’t Ò pronounce suffixes ‘-s’ and ‘-es’ correctly at the end of words STEP FUN COMMUNICATION 1 Before Marriage After Marriage I'll think about it. Please take me out to a movie, restaurant, beach or somewhere. Please let me take you out to a movie, restaurant, beach or somewhere. I'll think about it. Riddle-Giggle Read and Relish. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 233
STEP 2 LET’S TALK Language Function Ò expressing ability with reasons Talking Item - 1 Puja : Excuse me, uncle. Can you help me with my computer homework? Uncle : Sorry, darling. I can’t. I don’t know computer. Puja : Why uncle? Uncle : We did not have computer subject in our time. Puja : Oh, that’s the matter. Can you teach me Mathematics, uncle? Uncle : Yes, I can. It’s my favourite subject. I have passed B.A. in Mathematics. Puja : Wow, it’s great. Now I can improve my Mathematics. Uncle : Sure, Puja. I will teach you until I live here with you. Puja : Thank you, uncle. Talking Item - 2 A : Can you speak English, Raju? B : Sorry, I can’t. A : Why? B : Because I studied in Nepali medium. And you? A : Yes, I can. I studied in English medium school. B : Oh, that’s great. Talking Item - 3 A : Hey, Gopi. Can you ride bicycle. B : No, I can’t. 234 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
A : Why? B : I don’t have a bicycle and I haven’t learnt it yet. And you, Suman? A : Yes, I can. I have a bicycle. I often ride bicycle. Can you skate? B : Yes, I can skate well. I love skating. I have been skating since my childhood. Talking Item - 4 A : Can you cook, Rama? B : Yes, I can. A : How did you learn cooking, Rama? B : My mother taught me while helping her in the kitchen. What about you, Ramita? A : I can’t cook well because I lived in a hostel. But I have learnt other things. B : What have you learnt, Ramita? A : I can play the guitar and the harmonium. Can you play the guitar and the harmonium, Rama? B : No, I can’t. We didn’t get these facilities in our school. Can you swim? A : No, I can’t swim. We didn’t have swimming pool. Can you, Rama? B : Yes, I can swim well. We have rivers in our village. We often go to swim during summer in the river. I have learnt it from my childhood. A : Oh, that’s fantastic. STEP 3 READING READING ITEM - I Story Read the lesson thoroughly at home before you are taught it in the classroom. Find its difficult words and phrases. Write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Pre-reading Project Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 235
Pre-reading Activity Do you know any story that tells the importance of the mutual help? Tell your friends. While Reading Activity Read, find and discuss What idea put the lame man to the blind man to go to the forest? How did the lame man get his legs recovered? How did the blind man get his eye sight back? The Blind Man and the Lame Man One day a lame man asked his friend who was blind to go with him to the wood to hunt. “How can we do this?” asked the blind man. “You can’t walk and I can’t see.” “You may carry me on your back,” said the lame man, “and I will guide you.” “All right then,” said the blind man. He lifted the lame man onto his back and they set off for the wood. They were going on their way through the wood when the lame man saw a deer. He asked his friend, “Please, lower me to the ground. I want to kill the deer.” So did the blind man. He strung the bow and, when the zebra moved near him, he fired a poisoned arrow at it. The zebra fell down and died instantly. The blind man helped him to skin the deer. They took out the guts and kindled a fire to roast the meat. When they were eating the meat, the lame man was giving the toughest meat to his friend. The blind man asked his friend, Hey, give me a little of the tender meat.” But every time, it was the tough meat he got. Sometimes he couldn’t chew the meat and sometimes he couldn’t cut the meat with his teeth, but the more keenly he asked for tender meat, the tougher were the pieces he got. The blind man grew very angry for he recognised from the smell of the meat that it wasn’t the same quality of meat that the lame man and himself were eating. 236 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Then the blind man was given a chunk of meat that was particularly tough. He gripped the meat with his teeth and began pulling strongly and shaking his head from side to side. While doing so, water and grit spouted out of his eyes. And for his surprise, he got his sight back again. He was so happy that he ran and jumped shouting at a loud voice. After that, he noticed that the meat was very tasty and that it wasn’t tough at all. “Why,” he asked, “were you giving me such tough meat?” “Because that sort of meat,” the lame man replied, “was good for your eyes. If I hadn’t done that, you wouldn’t have got your sight back again.” The man agreed that was right, but he wasn’t altogether pleased that a trick had been played on him. He thanked his friend and they continued eating the zebra meat. When they had finished eating, the man who had got his sight back said he wanted to pursue a hare and kill it. He picked up the bow and arrows and disappeared into the wood. He pretended he was in pursuit of a hare but what he intended to do was to play a trick on the lame man in return for what he had done to him. And this is what he did. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 237
He lit a fire here and there around the place where the lame man was sitting. The fires burned wildly until they formed one big circle of flame around the lame man. Help me, friend! Help me! “Help me, friend!” he shouted at the top of his voice. “Help me!” But his friend paid no heed to him. He tried to struggle to his feet and to jump about here and there until at last he managed to jump over the fire. He was now able to use his legs and he ran for two days without resting. On the third day, he met his friend. “Why,” he asked, “did you light that fire around me?” “I wanted to restore the use of your legs to you,” he replied. They were both very pleased now that they had been so inventive as to be able to cure their ailments. They went home together and told the people and their own children how it had happened. And people have been telling this story from that time until today 238 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Post-reading Activities VOCABULARY TEST 1. Learn and add. Learn the word meanings and add a synonym from the box. immediately proposed innovative search repair emitted sicknesses portion notice Words Meanings Synonyms ailments chunk heed instantly intended inventive pursuit restore spouted illnesses mass attention promptly planned creative chase reinstate discharged complaints mass care suddenly proposed imaginative hunt reestablish shoot out ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ COMPREHENSION CHECK 2. Decide true or false and correct the false ones. a. There lived two friends: one deaf and another lame. b. One day, the lame man carried his blind friend on his back to a forest. c. The blind man killed a deer in the forest. d. They lit a fire and roasted the deer. e. The lame man gave his friend tender meet and ate tough meet himself. f. The blind man was happy while eating tender meet. g. He got his eyesight and became very happy. h. He took revenge on the lame man and lit fire around him and went away. i. The lame man slept there and burnt into ashes. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 239
3. Answer the following questions: a. What was the problem of the two friends? b. How did they go to forest? c. What complaint did the blind man do? d. How did he regain his lost eyesight? e. How did he take revenge on the lame man? f. How did the lame man get his legs able to walk? g. What moral lesson can you infer from the above story? CREATIVE WORK Write a story giving moral ‘mutual cooperation always helps’. READING ITEM - II News Report Read the lesson thoroughly at home before you are taught it in the classroom. Find its difficult words and phrases. Write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Pre-reading Project RSS Bhaktapur, July 12: Tug-of-War, the ancient game which is played enthusiastically by people of all ages and genders is to be expanded nationwide as a sport. Nepal Tug-of-War Association is to expand the game nationwide in order to preserve the game, which is under the shadow in recent period. In this game two teams pull at opposite ends Tug-of-War to be expanded nationwide as a sport News on Sports of a rope until one drags the other over a central line to win it. Sundar Kumar Shakya (Bhaktapur) has been elected as Chairperson of Nepal Tug-of-War Bagmati Province while Ashish Shrestha (Lalitpur), Niroj Maharjan (Lalitpur), Jamuna Maharjan (Makawanpur) and Murari Prakash Sanjel (Kathmandu) have been elected as Vice-Chairperson, Secretary, Treasurer and JointSecretary respectively, said Central 240 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Vice-Chairperson of the Association and Bagmati Province Coordinator, Bhuwan Lal Shrestha. Similarly, Karmawangel Lama (Sindhupalchowk), Om Pradhan (Sindhuli), Ramesh Shrestha (Dhading), Pralhad Khanal (Kathmandu), Narayan Prasad Shrestha (Ramechhap), Janaki Gurung (Kathmandu), Hira Sharma Nepal (Kavre) and Shreeram Dahal (Kathmandu) are the members. Chairperson Shakya said that the game would be expanded at the school-level. Central Chairperson of the Nepal Tug-of-War Association, Bhawani Poudel, shared about Association’s future plan, action plan and programmes conducted in past. Post-reading Activities VOCABULARY TEST 1. There are two synonyms of each word. Choose and write. recent stretched antique willingly sanctuary recent extended olden actively reserve expanded ancient enthusiastically preserve recent __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ 2. Find the opposite meanings from the above word list(1). a. lazily : ___________ b. damage : ___________ c. earlier : ___________ d. contracted : ___________ e. modern : ___________ COMPREHENSION CHECK 3. Answer the following questions: a. What is the title of the news? b. What does the leading paragraph tell us? (Note: A leading paragraph refers to the first paragraph of a news article.) Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 241
CREATIVE WORK Read a newspaper in English. Rewrite a news article about sports from the newspaper. STEP 4 LET’S RECITE Pre-reading Activity What is will power? What is its role in our life? Discuss it with your friends. While Reading Activity Read, find and discuss. What does the poet say about winning and losing? If you think… If you think you’re beaten, you are… If you think you dare not, you don’t … If you like to win but think you can’t It’s almost cinch, YOU WON’T. If you think you’ll lose, you’re lost… For out in the world you’ll find… Success begins with a fellow’s will It is all in a state of mind. If you think you’re outclassed, you are… You’ve got to think high to rise.. You’ve got to be sure of yourself before… You can ever win the prize. Life’s battles don’t always go.. To the stronger or faster man.. But sooner or later the one who wins IS THE ONE WHO THINKS HE CAN! cinch : an extremely easy task outclass : to be much better than someone or something New words 242 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
COMPREHENSION CHECK 1. Complete the sentences with the correct information from the poem a. You will be beaten when you think you are ___________ . b. You will not win when you think you can’t ___________ . c. If you think you will lose, you are ___________ . d. Every success begins with our ___________ power. e. We must be sure of ourselves to win any ___________ . f. According to the poet, life is like a ___________ . CREATIVE WORK Write five pairs of sentences of both conditions as shown. If you think you can win a race, you will win the race. If you think you can’t win a race, you won’t win the race. STEP 5 GRAMMAR WORK Use of connectives because, since, as, because of Look at these sentences: She did not come to school because she was sick. Because of her sickness, she did not come to school. Grammar Note:- Because is a conjunction, it is followed by a subject and a verb. Because of is a prepositional conjunction, it is generally followed by a verb +ing or a noun. Exercise 20 Use because or because of in the blank spaces to complete the sentences. a. We stopped playing football_________ the rain. b. The teacher scolded him _________ he was side talking. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 243
c. I came back_________ I’d forgotten my briefcase. d. She could not come _________ the bad weather. e. We were late this morning _________ the traffic jam. f. I’m asking you _________ I want to know your opinion. g. Devi moved to Kathmandu_________ her job. h. She can’t drive _________ her blindness. i. Raj crashed his car _________ he was driving too fast. j. The bank closed down _________ the recession. Look at these sentences: We have no dessert in the house because you ate all the ice cream last night. Since you ate all the ice cream last night, we don’t have any dessert tonight. As you ate the ice cream last night, we don’t have any dessert tonight. Since I was hungry, I wanted to eat something first. As we lost the final game, we couldn’t qualify for the semi-final. I had to stay at home and finish my assignment – for the deadline was soon. Due to the bad weather, we cancelled the trip. She did not go to work owing to her illness. Exercise 21 Rewrite the sentences using the appropriate word because, because of, since, for, as, due to or owing to. (In some cases, more than one option are possible.) a. I ordered the shoes____________ they were perfect for me. b. I wanted to leave early ____________ I was not enjoying the party. c. ____________ it was very cold, he put on his coat d. I wanted to stay longer ____________ I was really enjoying the party. e. I was very happy yesterday ____________ it was my birthday. 244 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal