until he felt hungry again. Each time he was hungry he would take a trip with a few more fishes. The stork had no tension. He was taking his meal to his content. It made the stork healthy and fatty day by day. A crab was left in the pond. He also wanted to save himself and requested the stork to take him too. The stork felt he could try a different taste of meal for a change. He agreed to take the crab. The stork flew up with him. After a while, the crab looked down to see the pond where he was going to, but all he could see was dry land. Uncle, where is the big pond you are taking me to? “Uncle, where is the big pond you are taking me to?” he asked. The stork laughed and pointed to a rock below. There were heaps of fish-bones on the rock. The crab realized that he was going to be the stork’s next meal. He thought quickly of a way to save himself. The crab dug his sharp claws into the stork’s neck and did not let go till the stork fell down dead on the bog rock. He then cut off the stork’s head and dragged it to the pond he lived. When the fish saw the crab with the head of the stork, all were shocked. There he told everyone Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 145
how the stork had been cheating everyone and how he had killed him. All the fish and frogs thanked the crab for his bravery to save them from the devil’s mouth. They mourned over the untimely death of their near and dear falling in the trap of the devil stork. Post-reading Activities VOCABULARY TEST 1. Find the words of the following definitions from the coloured words in the text. a. felt sorrow for the death of someone: ________ b. pulled something along forcefully, roughly, or with difficulty: _______ c. courageous behaviour or character: ________ d. comforted someone at a time of grief or disappointment: ________ e. an event causing great and usually sudden damage or suffering; a disaster: ________ f. greatly surprised; astonished: ________ g. jump repeatedly up and down: ________ h. a large or sufficient amount or quantity; more than enough: ________ COMPREHENSION CHECK 2. State true or false. a. The stork would catch the fish with his long beak. b. The fish would bounce for sun. c. The man filled the pond with soil and killed the fish. d. All the fish began to laugh when they listened to the stork. e. The crab saved the stork from the danger. 146 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
3. Answer the following questions: a. Why did the stork not catch the fish? b. What did the stork say to the fish? c. What did the fish request the stork? d. Where did the stork take the fish and eat them? e. Why did the stork accept crab’s request? f. How did the crab kill the stork? g. What moral lesson can you infer from the story? 4. Rewrite Rewrite the above story in your own words. CREATIVE WORK Write a story regarding ‘greed is a curse’. READING ITEM - II An Autobiography Read the lesson thoroughly at home before you are taught it in the classroom. Find its difficult words and phrases. Write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Pre-reading Project Pre-reading Activity How will you feel if you are prisoned? Tell your feelings to your friends. While Reading Activity Read, find and discuss. How was the life of the tiger in the forest? How did it lose its freedom? How does it feel in the cage? An Autobiography of a Zoo Tiger I was born in a cave, formed by an overhanging rock, in a jungle not far from Mysore, towards the foothills of the Nilgiris. I had a brother and a sister. And my Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 147
first recollections are of how the three of us would roll and play together over the flanks of my striped and powerful mother. Sometimes that Lord of the jungle, my father, would come to see us, bringing part of a bullock or a deer which he had killed. We loved to see him, and we enjoyed the strong meat, but my mother was always a little suspicious of his visits, and did not like him to come too near us. I wonder why? What happy days we had when we used to bask in the sun in the mouth of the cave! Then we were allowed to make little journeys in the company of mother, but she did not leave us, and soon led us back to the cave. We had all grown to the size of a big dog, and I weighed about thirty pounds. At this stage, we lived entirely on flesh. I wonder how many cows, bulls, deer, buffaloes, goats, and dogs we ate between us! One day our father brought in a bullock that he had found tied with a rope. Little did he realize the trap that had been set for us! Within a few hours, a terrible noise of shouting and beating of drums commenced. Lines of men seemed to be coming right over us. We were all together, and father tried to lead us away from the line of beaters. But as we stole quietly through the bushes, there was suddenly a sharp crack from the branches of a neighboring tree, and then another. I heard something hit my mother’s body, and she rolled over with blood staining her fur. Something hit father, too, but he recovered and dashed away. We tried to awaken mother, but she seemed to have fallen asleep. Presently men came with nets, which were thrown over us. We were trapped and carried away as prisoners by men. I saw mother, too, being carried on a long pole, held on the shoulders of men. That was the last I saw her. They brought us to this place. I have learned since that it is called the Zoo of Mysore. There are other tigers here, and there is plenty of room to walk about. I always long for the freedom in the forest which is the most precious thing of all. 148 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Every day, large pieces of meat are brought to us by a man who is our keeper. But it is poor stuff compared with the food which father used to kill for us in the forests. They have given me the name of Raja, and I am now full grown. Many visitors come and admire me, and some of them take photographs of me. When I roar, how they start back in fear, even though iron bars are between! It is a lazy and idle life, in which I walk about a little and then dream the time away. At night I become restless when I feel the jungle smells come down on the wind. If the keeper would only leave the door unlocked one day, I think I could soon find my way back to the free jungle where I was born. Here in the zoo, I have no work and no appetite. I always long for the freedom in the forest which is the most precious thing of all. But I don’t know how I will get my lost freedom. May be I shall have to wait patiently. Post-reading Activities VOCABULARY TEST 1. Learn and add. Learn the given word meanings and add a synonym to them from the box. rushed started fully doubtful recalls swinging regard substance lethargic soon Words Meanings Synonyms admire stuff lazy presently dashed commenced entirely suspicious recollections overhanging respect junk indolent currently hurried began completely mistrustful memories drooping appreciate material idle shortly hastened launched totally distrustful reminiscences sagging ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 149
2. Match the words that are opposite in meaning: freedom useless admire partly plenty custody entirely despise precious deficiency COMPREHENSION CHECK 3. Answer the following questions: a. Where was the speaker born? b. How was their childhood in the cave? c. What did their father bring to them? d. Where were they taken as prisoners? e. How does the speaker get his meat in the zoo? f. What type of life is the speaker passing in the zoo? g. What does he long for? h. What is the most important thing of all? CREATIVE WORK a. Write a short autobiography of your life. b. Write a short autobiography of a caged animal or a bird. STEP 4 LET’S RECITE Pre-reading Activity What did you use to do when you were small and what do you do now? Tell your friends. 150 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
While Reading Activity Read, find and discuss. What did the poet use to do in the past? What changes occurred in her life at present? I used to… I used to call you on the phone Now all I want is a dial tone I used to ask you how are you? Now I wonder if you are near or far I used to visit you at home Now all I do is wonder and roam I used to stare into your eyes Now all I do is contain my cries I used to tell you “I love you” Now all I do is wish you loved me too. -Isabella COMPREHENSION CHECK Complete the summary of the poem with the appropriate words from the box. wanders stare hide wishes call hear wonders visit The speaker of the poem used to ________ her lover but now she wants to ________ the dial tone from him. She used to ask how he was but now she ________ if he was near or far. She used to ________ his home but now she just wonders and Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 151
________ . When she used to love him, she used to ________ into his eyes but now she tries to ________ her tears. In the past, she used to say ‘I love you’ but now she ________ if he loved her too. STEP 5 Grammar work Used to Connectives ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘although’, ‘though’ and ‘however’ GRAMMAR ITEM: USED TO Look at these sentences: I used to prefer to have long hair but now I prefer to keep short hair. He used to smoke (but now he does not smoke). Did she use to smoke when she was young? I used to wake up early in the morning( but now I wake up late) Grammar Note:- We use ‘used to’ to talk about habits or repeated actions in the past which we don't do in the present. We also use it to talk about states in the past which are no longer true. Exercise 10 Complete the sentences using the correct form of used to. a. She__________ (live) next door to me. b. __________ he (enjoy) studying literature ? c. Our family ________ (live) in a flat when I was a child. d. __________she (swim) a lot when she was younger? e. My brother __________ (not eat) vegetables, but now he eats them. f. We_________ ( go) to the rivers every summer. g. That building __________ (be) a cinema, but it’s closed down now. h. We__________ (not like) English lessons - our teacher was horrible! i. Where__________ (you / go) to school? 152 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
GRAMMAR ITEM: CONNECTIVES Look at these sentences: I need a book and a notebook for my exam. My brother needs a book but he does not need a notebook. You can take a pen or a pencil but you can’t take both of them. I still feel hungry even though I had a big lunch. They didn’t go to the party, although they were invited. She does not want to go to the doctor, though she is very sick. It was June. It was, however, very nippy. I have two dogs; however, my roommate prefers cats. Grammar Note:- We use conjunction ‘and’, ‘or’ and ‘but’ to connect two parts of sentences which are similar in grammatical status. We use ‘although’ or ‘though’ to introduce contrast at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. Although is more formal than though. We do not use a comma after although. We use although +subject +verb. However is normally used at the beginning of a sentence, before a comma (,) and after a full stop (.) or a semicolon (;). We use so to show consequences. We use but to show contrast. We use and to add statements. EXERCISE 11 Choose the correct option. a. The doll was very expensive, ______ I bought it. (but, and, so) b. _______he was almost deaf, he was a fantastic musician. ( Although, However, But) c. He stopped talking ________ lit a cigarette.(however, but, and) d. I worked very hard for the exam, ______ I passed it.( so, but, and) Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 153
e. She worked hard ______ made a lot of money.(and, but, however) f. I was against the new project, _____ I accepted to help.( and, although, so) g. She can speak French, ________ she can’t write it.(but, and, so) h. I don’t have a car, ________ I have a motorcycle. (and, so, but) i. She is working late next Friday, _____ she can’t come to the party. (and, but, so) j. We enjoyed the vacation; ____ , it rained a lot.( however, though, and) k. ________ she is very nice, she doesn’t have many friends.( But, Though, So) l. She went home ________ she was tired.(because, so, however) m. ________ he is rich, he is not happy.( Although, Because, But) n. We need to buy a new car. _____ we can’t afford it right now. (Although, So, However) STEP 6 WRITING ITEM - II Completing a Skeleton Story 1. Develop a readable story on the basis of the given outlines. A farmer with several sons ............ sons always quarreled ............ the ............ farmer was sad ............ fell ill and taken to hospital ............ dying ............ called his sons and gave a bundle if sticks ............ all fried ............ could ............ break the sticks ............ untied the bundle ............ could not break it ............ moral. 2. Develop a readable story on the basis of given outlines. Once a boy ............ falls into a bad company ............ his mother asks him to leave the company ............ does not obey ............ thinks of a plan ............ gives good apples ............ also a rotten one ............ set together in a basket ............ after some days ............ all the apples found rotten ............ the boy improves ............ moral 154 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
3. Develop a readable story on the basis of given outlines. A woman’s only one son is dead ......... goes to lord Buddha ......... begs to bring her son to life ......... Lord Buddha ask to bring a handful of mustard seeds from a house where nobody has died ......... she gets no such house ......... moral. 4. Develop readable short stories on the basis of given pictures: STEP 7 WORD POWER DISEASES Cancer is a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 155
Thyroid is a large ductless gland in the neck which secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism. Metabolism is the process by which your body converts what you eat and drink into energy. Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in your blood. Pain is highly unpleasant physical sensation caused by illness or injury. Flu is a common infectious illness that causes fever and headache Diabetes is a disease in which the body’s ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is impaired, Depression causes feelings of sadness and a loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed. Medication is a drug or other form of medicine that is used to treat or prevent disease. Pathogen is a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause diseases. Lymphocytes are white blood cells with immune functions Infection is a condition in which bacteria or viruses that cause disease have entered the body Disease condition that prevents normal functioning of body Symptoms features that indicate a disease or condition STEP word WORDS IN USE use 8 Choose the correct word to complete the following sentences: symptom disease pathogens medication depression diabetes flu metabolism cholesterol COVID-19 a. The symptoms of ________ are high fever, dry cough, body ache, chest pain, etc. 156 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
b. ________ is a physical or mental feature which is regarded as indicating a condition of disease. c. Chickenpox is a very common ________ among children. d. Different types of diseases are caused by ________ . e. There is no any specific ________ of COVID.19. f. She’s just beginning to get over the ________ from losing her boyfriend. g. She does not eat sweets because she has ________ . h. He is sneezing frequently. She is suffering from ________ . i. ________ is a substance containing a lot of fat that is found in body tissues and blood. j. We must do physical exercise to speed up our ________ in our body STEP 9 DICTIONARY WORK Look up the following words in a dictionary to confirm their meanings. Site, cite or sight? a. The doctor has advised him to wear power glasses because his ________ is too low. b. Let’s go to the ________ of our new building construction. c. We need written permission to ________ from his books. Break or brake? a. The word ________ means to separate into pieces as a result of a blow, shock, or strain. b. The word ______ a device for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle. c. Check the ________of your vehicle before you set out your journey. d. Don’t ________ pencils and pens. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 157
STEP 10 PRONUNCIATION SKILL Look at the following words in a dictionary and write their phonetic transcripts. Identify the vowel sounds too. word Transcript Vowel sound word transcript Vowel sound sheep /ʃiːp/ /i:/ jeep if this jeep eat big wrist would food to you kook woman STEP 11 LISTENING TEST 1. Listen and complete. a. John wants to go to watch ________ . b. He was ________ about Alice. c. The Lights Out is a ________ film. d. John will pick Alice at ________ . 2. Listen and answer in short. a. What will John wear? b. When did Alice give the present? c. What did John give Alice? d. How does Alice look in the dress? STEP 12 PROJECT WORK What did you use to do when you were small? Remember and ask your parents. Write an essay describing them. Collect all the essays of your class and make a booklet entitled with Our Past. Keep your booklet in your school library. 158 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
UNIT 9 MAKING COMPARISON AND CONTRAST Objectives of the unit After the completion of the unit, students will be able to: Ò compare persons, places and things Ò write paragraphs comparing persons, places and things Ò prepare different menus for restaurants and hotels Ò use comparative and superlative degrees Ò use adjectives little, a little, the little, few, a few and the few correctly Ò articulate words correctly of silent ‘n’ and ‘p’ STEP FUN COMMUNICATION 1 I want to buy this dog. Do you think it will be faithful? Oh, yes! It’s a truly faithful dog. Every time I sell it, It comes back to me by the end of the week or the next day. Riddle-Giggle Read and Relish. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 159
STEP 2 LET’S TALK Language Functions Ò making comparison and contrast Talking Item - 1 A : Hello Sunima! Can you tell me something comparing American flag and British flag? B : Sure, Listen. The American flag and the British flag are similar in some ways. They have the same colors: blue, red, and white. They are also the same in size. However, the American flag differs from the British flag because the American flag has 50 stars. The American flag has 13 red and white stripes and a blue square and stars in the corner. In contrary to the American flag, the British flag has a red cross on a white field with the Union Flag in the background. Talking Item - 2 A : Who is your neighbour? B : Mrs. Arati is my neighbour. A : Would you tell me about the children of Mrs. Arati? B : Of course! Mrs. Arati has three children. Each of them is different. Toran and Jeevan are the boys. Toran likes to be outside and play baseball or football. Jeevan is different from Toran because he enjoys staying inside playing video games. On the other hand, Mary does not like baseball, football, or video games. Mary enjoys studying and reading. The two boys have birthdays in December, while Mary’s birthday is in July. Mary loves chocolate ice cream, but Toran loves vanilla ice cream. Jeevan is unlike the other two because he doesn’t even like ice cream! 160 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Talking Item - 3 (A conversation between Earth and Jupiter) Earth : I’m the biggest and the most important planet of the solar system. Jupiter : You are not the biggest; I am the biggest in terms of volume and surface area. Earth : But I am the most important because I am the only planet which has life present. In addition to this I have biodiversity. Jupiter : However, the temperature on my surface is very cold. In addition to this, the human beings who are present on your surface attempt your destruction, Earth. STEP 3 READING READING ITEM - I Charts, Tables, Diagrams Read the lesson thoroughly at home before you are taught it in the classroom. Find its difficult words and phrases. Write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Pre-reading Project 1. Look at the given table and answer the questions that follow. TABLE OF BIRD EGGS Types of Bird Length of Egg(Average) Incubation Period (How long it takes to hatch) Chicken 57mm 21 days Duck 76 mm 27 days Eagle 75 mm 36 days Finch 16 mm 11 days Goose 86 mm 25 days hummingbird 13 mm 16 days Mockingbird 25 mm 12 days Ostrich 160 mm 45 days Pheasant 36 mm 26 days Swan 113 mm 36 days Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 161
a. How many birds are listed in the table? b. Of these eggs, which has the longest incubation period? c. Of these eggs, which has the shortest incubation period? d. Of these birds, which has the smallest egg? e. A baseball is 74 mm wide. How many of these bird’s eggs are bigger than a baseball? f. A US penny is 19mm wide. Which of these bird’s eggs are smaller than a penny? g. How many of these birds take less than 2 weeks to hatch? h. How many of these birds take over a month to hatch? 2. Look at the given pie-chart and answer the questions that follow. a. What does this pie-chart tell you? b. How much water do people use in the bathroom? c. Where do people use more water; in the kitchen or laundry? d. What is the percentage of the water used in garden? e. Why do you think people use that much water for garden? f. What are some simple things you can do to reduce your water usage/ bill? READING ITEM - II Factual Text Read the lesson thoroughly at home before you are taught it in the classroom. Find its difficult words and phrases. Write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Pre-reading Project Kitchen 5% Garden 35% Laundary 15% Bathroom 26% Toilet 19% Water usages in a Village 162 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
A factual text about Nepal Nepal is a landlocked country located in the southern region of Asia known for its extravagant landforms in such small geographic area. Surrounded by two countries, India and China on all sides, the geography of Nepal is an excellent exploration in itself. China surrounds the northern border of Nepal while the eastern, western and the southern borders link to the Indian Territory. Nepal covers an area of 1, 47,181 square kilometres. It stretches at about 850 kilometres from east to west while only 145 to 241 kilometres from north to south. The small country covers up only 0.1% of the total area of the earth. Despite the less area, it is the home to one of the most diverse landforms and geography. Talking about topography on Nepal, the country is divided into three different topographic regions: the Himalayan Region, the Hilly Region and the Terai Region The Himalayan Region Associated with the breath-taking Himalayan ranges, the Mountain region might be the most talked-about region of Nepal and the major tourist attraction. This region covers only 16% of the total landform of the country. The mountain region is home to some of the highest peaks of the world, including, of course, the top of the world, Mt. Everest that stands at 29,031.69 ft. (8,848.86 m). This region has Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 163
an altitude range of 4877 meters to 8,848.86 meters. The area of the Himalayas (north) includes 202 peaks rising to over 19,685 ft. (6,000 m) and 13 mountains rising to over 26,246 ft. (8,000 m). This consists of the highest peak in the world and of course, the prodigious Annapurna massif. The mountain region is one of the major attractions in the geography of Nepal, and yet most of it remained unexplored and unoccupied due to extreme landforms or climates. This region is blessed with the most unusual and precious flora and fauna and is home to some of the most beautiful and rare animals in the world. The most talked-about animals in this region are the Snow Leopard and the Danphe bird, although being pretty unique. The Sherpa communities are the dominant inhabitants of the area and are rich and authentic in their culture. Post-reading Activities VOCABULARY TEST 1. Learn and add. Learn the given word meanings and add a synonym to them from the box. amazing landscape residents noncoastal ridge unfamiliar geography connected publics various leading outstanding search profligate 164 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Words Meanings Synonyms associated communities diverse dominant excellent exploration extravagant extreme geography inhabitants landlocked massif prodigious topography related people varied main superb survey excessive great topography populations surrounded by land chain unusual landscape ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ 2. Find the opposite words of the following from the above list. a. separated : ________ b. similar : ________ c. inferior : ________ d. moderate : ________ e. incomers : ________ COMPREHENSION CHECK 3. Choose the correct option. a. Nepal is a landlocked country because: i. It has coastal. ii. It has no access to a sea. iii. It has diverse topography. b. The total land area of Nepal is: i. 8848. 86 m ii. 147181 sq. Kilometer iii. 29,031.69 ft Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 165
c. The word flora and fauna refers to: i. Plants and animals ii. Animals and plants iii. Animals and birds d. The topography of Nepal is: i. Uniform ii. Diverse iii. Constant e. The length from east to west is: i. 145 kilometer ii. 241 kilometer iii. 850 kilometer f. There are 202 peaks in the Himalayan region rising over: i. 5000 meter ii. 6000 meter iii. 8000 meter g. There are 15 peaks which are above: i. 6000 meter high ii. 7000 meter iii. 8000 meter high h. The total area of the earth covered by Nepal is: i. 1, 47,181 square kilometer ii. 8848.96 meter iii. 0.1% i. The dominant community of the Himalayan region is i. Brahamin ii. Tharu iii. Sherpa j. The most attractive area for tourist is: i. Terai region ii. Hilly region iii. Mountain region 4. Answer the following questions: a. What are the features of a landlocked country? b. What do you mean by diverse landforms and topography? c. What are the major attractions for tourists in Nepal? d. What are the features of mountain region? CREATIVE WORK Write an essay about the Mountain Region or the Terai Region. 166 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP 4 LET’S RECITE My Motherland Mountains, hills, ponds, Lord Buddha, On the crest of the earth Where I got my birth Mountains, hills and plains Were born here noble brains Rishis and Buddha were born here To give the peace message everywhere Never controlled by others Always free, brave and better Such is my motherland Noble, great and grand! Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 167
COMPREHENSION CHECK 1. Match the words with their meanings. crest intellects, brainpowers, intelligence motherland courageous, valiant, bold noble impressive, majestic, magnificent brains honorable, decent, upright brave grand homeland, birthplace top, peak, summit 2. Answer the following questions: a. How do you know that the poem is about Nepal? Quote lines from the poem. b. Why were Rishis and Buddha born? c. ‘Never controlled by others’ what does this sentence mean? d. Write five adjectives used to describe Nepal in the poem? CREATIVE WORK Compose a beautiful poem highlighting the beauty of your motherland. ONLINE READING Read some of the poems about patriotism on the Internet and write one of them which you like the most. Recite your poem to your friends. 168 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP 5 GRAMMAR WORK COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE Look at these sentences: The earth is larger than the moon. Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system. Mt. Everest is the highest mountain of the world. Your grade is worse than mine. A rose is more beautiful than a daisy. Grammar Note:- We use a comparative degree to compare a thing or a person. We use a superlative degree to compare in all. We use than in a comparative degree and the in a superlative degree. The common form of a comparative degree is formed by adding a suffix –er and superlative degree by –est. tall - taller - tallest sweet - sweeter - sweetest small - smaller - smallest Exercise 12 Choose the correct option. a. This is ___________ song I have ever heard. i. good ii. better iii. the best b. Tom is ___________ than I am. i. strong ii. stronger iii. strongest c. Out of all the students in our class, I am ___________ . i. short ii. shorter iii. the shortest d. Everyone says that my sister is ___________ than I am. i. good looking ii. better looking iii. the best looking Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 169
e. She is ___________ girl in our school. i. interesting ii. more interesting iii. the most interesting f. Your apartment is ___________ than mine. i. clean ii. cleaner iii. the cleanest g. There are eighty houses in my village. Our house is the _______ one. i. big ii. bigger iii. the biggest h. My mother sings better than I do, but I play the guitar ___________ than she does. i. good ii. better iii. the best Exercise 13 Complete the sentences using the positive, comparative and superlative form of the adjectives in brackets. a. My sister is three years _______than me. (young) b. She was the _______ girl at college. (popular) c. This suitcase is _______ than the others. (heavy) d. They live in a really _______ house. (beautiful) e. Rose is the most _______ flower of all.(beautiful) f. This was the _______I have ever seen. (bad) g. His car is much _______than mine. (fast) h. He thinks this test was_______than the last one. (difficult) i. She is the _______tennis player of the world. (good) j. France is as _______beautiful as Spain. (beautiful) 170 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP 6 WRITING ITEM - I Interpreting Charts, Tables and Diagrams EXAMPLE 1 Look at the example of a bar graph. According to the given bar graph, ABC Enterprises sells three different models of its main product: the Alpha, the Platinum, and the Deluxe. By calculating the sales of each model over a three-year period, you can see the trends that might be revealed by a simple analysis of the figures themselves. Platinum Alpha 0 20 40 60 80 100 Deluxe Legend 2019 2020 2021 ABC ENTERPRISES Form the figures; it’s clear that although the Deluxe is the highest-selling in the beginning, its sales have dropped off over the three-year period, while sales of the other two have continued to grow. Perhaps the Deluxe is becoming outdated and needs to be replaced with a new model. Or it could be suffering from harder competition than the other two models. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 171
Exercise 1 Look at the given pie-chart and its interpretation. Electronic devices preferred by young people above 15 for surfing the Internet Other (4%) smartphone (33%) Laptop (30%) Tablet (19%) Desktop computer (14%) This graph shows the result of a survey in which people aged 15 and over were asked about their preferred devices for accessing the Internet. The question referred to going online at home and in other places. Participants mentioned four main devices in their answers: a smart phone, a laptop, a tablet and a desktop computer. From the pie chart above, it is clear that the majority of participants prefer to use smartphones and laptops, with just three percent difference between the two. Nearly a third of participants prefer to go online with a smart phone. Thirty percent like to use a laptop. A desktop computer is preferred by fourteen percent only. Nineteen percent people also use a tablet and it is greater than the desktop computer. Only a small minority prefer a device other than these main four. In conclusion, since mobile and portable devices are the most popular choices, it is clear that many participants are accessing the Internet outside their homes. The desktop computer is the least popular of the four main devices. So it can be projected that smart phones will be first choice of the people. Laptops and tablets also will be used along smart phones. 172 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Exercise 2 The given pie-chart shows the world religions by percentage according to the CIA World Factbook (2010). Interpret it in your own words. Buddhist (5.84%) Hindus (13.26%) Non-religion (14.09%) Other religions (12.84%) Christians (33.32%) Muslims (21.01%) World Religions by percentage People travel around the world with different purposes. The given bar graph highlights the principle purposes of travelling. Look it carefully and interpret it in your own words. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Visit friends or relatives (33% ) Lesure (33% ) Work-related (33% ) Personal Business (33% ) STEP 7 WORD POWER Prefixes Prefix is a letter or a group of letters added to the beginning of a word to make a new word. As, in the word "unable", "un-" is a prefix. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 173
Look at these words. prefix meaning root word new word a- lacking, without, not biotic abiotic ab- removed, not normal abnormal Exercise Make new words using given prefixes. a- ab- an- anti- counter- de- dis- ex- il- imin- ir- non- un- auto- con- en- ex- hyper micromid- over- post- pre- re- semi- mono- mis- mega transRoot words New words with prefix Root words New words with prefix ______ use ______ byte ______ moral ______ theist ______ sent ______ other ______ late ______ gender ______ biotic ______ social ______ attack ______ activate ______ husband ______ legal ______ logical ______ possible ______ proper ______ justice ______ fiction ______ negotiable ______ kind ______ known ______ biography ______ mobile ______ firm ______ case ______ hale ______ tend ______ phone ______ wife ______ cooked ______ office 174 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP word WORDS IN USE use 8 From the above new words (with prefix), complete the following sentences. a. You can read the features of this book in its ________ . b. A person who does not believe in god or goddess is called an ______ . c. When you use something in the wrong way or for the wrong purpose, it is called ________ . d. Have you read the ________ of Jhamak Kumari, “JEEWAN KANDA KI FOOL? e. Environment is the combination of biotic and ________ things. f. Let’s watch the ________ match between Nepal and India tomorrow. g. The ________ of my computer is not working well. h. Facts based literature is called ________ . i. The nutrients are lost in .......................foods. j. Most of my friends are very nice but some of them are ________. k. There is nothing ________ in the world. So, try your best. l. How do you feel when you meet the man who is your ________ . STEP 9 DICTIONARY WORK Look up the words in a dictionary and complete the sentences. prescribe or proscribe a. The ________ is used to advise and authorize the use of (a medicine or treatment) for someone. b. The word is ________ used to forbid an action or practice officially. all together or altogether a. The government out to abolish the old taxes ________ . b. Let’s raise the voice ________ against social discrimination. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 175
STEP 10 PRONUNCIATION SKILL Look at the following words in a dictionary and write their phonetic transcripts. Identify the vowel sounds used and write as shown. word transcript Vowel sound word transcript Vowel sound pet about her learn curd bird hall all get /get/ /e/ us STEP 11 LISTENING TEST 1. Listen and write true or false. a. People like going on holiday to Cornwall. b. Charley used to work in a restaurant. c. Charley has a good relationship with her family. d. The interviewers were surprised by what Jamie Oliver wanted. e. Sam is now a chef. 2. Listen and choose the best option. a. When he was 22, Sam left (the restaurant/prison/home) b. Charley was (unemployed/in a good job/volunteer) before joining ‘Fifteen Cornwall’. c. Charley had (given up/found out/ accepted) her future plans and dreams. d. Fifteen Cornwall was (given a chance/set up/ resigned) by Jamie Oliver. e. Charley believes that ‘Fifteen Cornwall’ (saved /became/developed) her life. STEP 12 PROJECT WORK Highlight the prefixes, their meanings and uses on a chart paper with examples. 176 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
UNIT 10 EXPRESSING OBLIGATIONS AND PROHIBITIONS Objectives of the unit After the completion of the unit, students will be able to: Ò express obligations and prohibitions Ò respond to obligations and prohibitions Ò write short brochures about national parks and others Ò use modals should, have to, must, etc. Ò articulate words correctly of silent ‘w’ STEP FUN COMMUNICATION 1 Name a major disease associated with cigarettes. Premature death. Give an example of a fungus. What is its characteristic feature? Mushrooms, ma'am. They always grow in damp places and so they look like umbrellas. Riddle-Giggle Read and Relish. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 177
STEP 2 LET’S TALK Language Functions Ò expressing obligations and prohibitions Talking Item - 1 The security agent : Hey, you. What are you doing here? You aren’t allowed to enter this building. Mr. Binod : Sorry, but I have an appointment with Dr. Kapila. She is my daughter. The security agent : Show me your ID card please. Mr. Binod : Here you are, sir. The security agent : Well, that sounds OK. Dr. is on the third floor. You can take the lift, sir. Mr. Binod : Thank you. Talking Item - 2 Traffic Police : Don’t you know that you must stop when the traffic lights are red? Driver : Sorry sir. I was so absent-minded that I didn’t pay attention to the traffic lights. Traffic Police : Well sir, you’ll have to pay a fine. Driver : Can’t you excuse me sir? I’m really sorry. Traffic Police : Sorry, I can’t. It’s a rule. Talking Item - 3 Visitor : Excuse me, can I take a photograph? Guard : No, you can’t take any photograph here. Look at, there is a sign of ‘No photograph!’ Visitor : Oh, thank you. 178 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Talking Item - 4 Security guard : Is this your hand luggage, Madam? Passenger : Yes. Why? Is there a problem? Security guard : Can you open it, please? Passenger : Just a minute! I have to find the key. Security guard : You do know that you are not allowed to take any sharp objects on the aircraft. Passenger : But, I haven’t got anything sharp! Security guard : You have some nail scissors and these are not permitted. I will have to confiscate them. Passenger : I had no idea. Security guard : You should have read the rules and regulations beforehand, Madam. Passenger : I didn’t read them. I am sorry. STEP 3 READING READING ITEM - I Rules and Regulations Read the lesson thoroughly at home before you are taught it in the classroom. Find its difficult words and phrases. Write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Pre-reading Project Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 179
Pre-reading Activity What kinds of rules are there in your school for students? Tell your friends. While Reading Activity Read, find and discuss. a. What things are prohibited on the bus? b. What disciplinary actions are taken against the violator of rules? PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL BUS RULES The following rules are mandatory for the bus students: a. Students must obey the bus driver promptly. b. Students must arrive at the bus stop before the bus is scheduled to arrive. The bus driver will not wait for tardy students. c. Students must wait in a safe place, clear off traffic and away from where the bus stops. d. Students are prohibited from fighting, engaging in bullying, harassment or horseplay. e. Students must enter the bus without disturbing others and go directly to assigned seats. f. Students must remain seated and keep aisles and exits clear while the bus is moving. g. Students are prohibited from throwing or passing objects on, from, or into buses. h. Students may not use profane language, obscene gestures, tobacco, alcohol, drugs or any other controlled substance on the bus. i. No student can eat on the bus. j. Students may not carry weapons, look-a-like weapons, hazardous materials, nuisance items or animals onto the bus. k. Students may carry on conversations in ordinary tones, but may not be loud or boisterous. 180 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
l. Students should avoid talking to the driver while the bus is in motion. m. Students may not open bus windows without permission from the bus driver or the bus conductor. n. Students cannot dangle any item (e.g. legs, arms, backpacks) out of bus windows. o. Student must secure any item or items that could break or produce injury if tossed about the inside of the bus if the bus were involved in an accident p. Student must respect the rights and safety of others at all times. q. Students must help keep the bus clean, sanitary and orderly. Students must remove all personal items and trash upon exiting the bus. r. Students may not leave or board the bus at locations other than the assigned stops at home or school. s. Students will be under the surveillance of CC Camera in the bus. VIOLATION OF BUS RULES Bus drivers must promptly report all students’ misconduct to the administration. These reports may be oral or written. Students who violate the Rules for Conduct will be referred to their building principal for discipline. Disciplinary consequences may include: a. Note home to parents b. Suspension of bus riding privileges c. Exclusion from extracurricular activities d. In-school suspension e. Short term or long term suspension from school f. Expulsion These consequences are not progressive, and school officials have discretion to impose any listed punishment they deem appropriate, in accordance with state and federal law and board policy. Students violating any of the bus rules will be referred to the principal. All referrals will result in a parent conference and may result in loss of bus riding privileges. Suspensions may vary from one week to the remainder of the school year. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 181
DISMISSAL Students will walk with their teachers out of the building at the time of dismissal. Students will leave the building and grounds immediately upon dismissal except those children who find it necessary to wait for transportation. Pupils are not to re-enter the school building after school dismissal without permission. Students with bicycles are to walk bikes around the building and across the street before riding them away. Post-reading Activities VOCABULARY TEST 1. Learn and add. Learn the given word meanings and add a synonym to each from the box. deferment freedoms inspection waste healthy noisy blended discharge compulsory harmful wicked quickly banned corridors trouble unpunctual expulsion suspension privileges surveillance trash sanitary tossed boisterous hazardous profane prohibited aisles harassment tardy promptly mandatory exclusion holdup rights observation garbage hygienic mixed unruly dangerous disrespectful forbidden passages pestering late on time obligatory _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ 182 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
2. Find the words which are opposite in meaning from the colored words in the text. a. inclusion : ________ b. sufferings : ________ c. harmless : ________ d. decent : ________ e. optional : ________ COMPREHENSION CHECK 3. Answer the following questions: a. What should the students do to catch the bus? b. What happens if the student is late to arrive at the bus stop? c. What is the mode of communication in the bus? d. Where should the students sit on the bus? e. Which language is prohibited in the bus? f. What actions are taken against the violator? READING ITEM - II Leaflet Read the lesson thoroughly at home before you are taught it in the classroom. Find its difficult words and phrases. Write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Pre-reading Project NEW TERMS Leaflet : Leaflets are the sheets of paper distributed in newspapers, in person or mailed. It is an open letter which is written to attract the people. Since the sole purpose of a leaflet is to grab the attention, it is necessary that it is designed with the utmost care. Brochure : A type of small magazine that contains pictures and information of a product or a company. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 183
Look at the following leaflets and do the activities that follow. Only limited seats available!!! Vibrant and fun class rooms Qualified, dedicated and experienced staff Fantastic outdoor areas providing stimulating learning experiences Fresh and healthy food cooked on the premises Music, dance and sports Focus on all round development of the kids Learning through games and fun activities Use of ICT for teaching and learning Project and activities Clean and safe environment Individual attention Free Admission! Hurry-up!! Pathfinder Nurseries Pathfinder Nurseries and Pre-school Contact us at Pathfinder Nurseries & Pre-school Sainbu, Kathmandu Telephone 0125782 Email: [email protected] Web : www.pathfinder.com 184 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
COMPREHENSION CHECK 1. Decide true or false. a. The school has closed the admission. _________________ b. The school has opened free admission. _________________ c. There are outdoor and indoor game facilities. _________________ d. Children can get healthy food in the school. _________________ e. The staffs are novice in all matters. _________________ f. The school will take everyone’s admission. _________________ 2. Complete the sentences with the appropriate information from the text. a. The school is going to take admission in ________ seats only. b. The classrooms are ________ and fun. c. The school is run by ________, dedicated and ________ employees. d. The school gives emphasis on ________ of the kids. e. The learning is done through games and ________ activities. f. Extracurricular activities like ________, music and ________ are conducted. “The way we dress influences the way we act.” NEPAL Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 185
CREATIVE WORK Prepare a leaflet of a school or a product. STEP 4 LET’S RECITE Pre-reading Activity What are our obligations as children, students and citizens? Discuss. Obligations We are the students and Nature is the teacher, To oblige her and respect her is our feature. We have to obey superiors with law and order, As human beings, we are to obey the leader. *** Children have obligation to serve their parents, But some of them neglect we see in current. It is the rule to keep the environment clean, But we pollute air, water, atmosphere in din. *** In the field of work in shop, factory or office, Every person has to obligate and to remove vice. Keep away from anger, anxiety let’s love to all, God is ocean of peace, let’s pray him and call. -Kumarmani Mahakul COMPREHENSION CHECK 1. Choose the correct word for each definition. factory anxiety obligation environment peace atmosphere a. ________ : the condition of being morally or legally bound to do something. 186 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
b. ________ : a building where goods are manufactured or assembled c. ________ : a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something d. ________ : the surroundings in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates e. ________ : freedom from disturbance; tranquility f. ________ : the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet 2. Answer the following questions: a. Who should be obliged? b. Who should we obey? c. Who should be obliged by children? d. What is our obligation towards environment? CREATIVE WORK Compose a poem regarding duties of students. STEP 5 Grammar work Modal verbs: can, could, be able to, must, have to, and be allowed to GRAMMAR ITEM I: must and have to Look at these sentences: I must wake up early in the morning to be healthy. I have to wake up early in the morning to go to duty. I have to take this book back to the library. I must walk in the morning to reduce my weight. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 187
Grammar Note:- ‘Must’ and ‘have to’ are both used to express an obligation, responsibility or necessity. We generally use must when the speaker decides that something is necessary, or needs to be done. So, must is more subjective (personal) in nature. We use have to when somebody else other than the speaker has made the decision. So have to is more objective in nature. Compare the following sentences: The Teacher said: You must complete the essay by Friday. The Students said: We have to complete the essay by Friday. In the above sentences, the teacher uses must because he/she has made decision himself/ herself. So it is subjective. In the second sentence, the students use ‘have to’ because they have not decided themselves. It was their obligation to complete. Exercise 14 Choose the most appropriate option. e. The doctor __________get here as soon as he can. i. must ii. mustn’t iii. have to f. Yesterday I __________finish my geography project. i. must ii. mustn’t iii. had to g. She will __________wait in line like everyone else. i. must ii. have to iii. has to h. All employees __________on time for work. i. must be ii. mustn’t iii. have to i. We __________forget to take the chicken out of the freezer. i. have to not ii. must iii. mustn’t j. If you are under 13, you__________ get your parent’s permission. i. have to ii. must iii. mustn’t k. Your daughter __________try on a few different sizes. 188 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
i. have to ii. had to iii. must l. Do you __________work next weekend? i. have to ii. must iii. mustn’t m. Bicyclists __________remember to sing when they turn. i. mustn’t ii. must iii. have to n. I have to attend the parents meeting. i. Must ii. have to iii. mustn’t Item II: can, could and be able to Exercise 15 Choose the correct form of can, could and be able to (affirmative or negative). a. If you tell him your problem, he _______________ help you. b. After 2 years in China, I _______________ speak Chinese quite fluently now. c. Can you read this for me? I _______________ see without my glasses. d. I hate _______________ understand my French neighbor. e. When he was 40, he _______________ speak six languages. f. When I was a child I used to _______________ stand on my head. g. Yesterday I lost my keys and _______________ find them. h. If you liked, you _______________ help me. Exercise 16 Complete the sentences with must, mustn’t, have to, has to or not allowed. a. Don’t be silly, you __________ take these tablets four times a day. b. I __________ go away on business; my boss wants me to visit our firm in Japan. c. I __________ reach office before ten. After ten, I can’t enter. d. We are __________ speak mother tongue in the classroom. e. We __________ to abide by the rules of school. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 189
f. You are __________ to carry poly bags inside the zoo. g. You are __________ to smoke in no smoking zone. h. You ________ wear a tie to go to that restaurant. It’s one of their rules. i. You __________ speak too loud, the baby is sleeping. j. He __________ submit his report by Sunday. STEP 6 WRITING Rules and regulations A brochure, a leaflet ITEM - I Rules and Regulations PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL CLASSROOM RULES: Come to class prepared to learn. Always be on time. Be attentive to teachers while teaching. No vandalism is allowed in the classroom. Be well reassessed in complete uniform. Keep your classroom neat and clean. Complete homework and assignments daily. Respect everyone. No food allowed in the classroom other than the lunch breaks. Be kind and always do your best. Exercise a. Write a set of rules and regulations for the visitors of a Hindu temple. b. Write a set of rules and regulations for the hostel students. c. Write a set of rules and regulations for the users of Public Park and garden. d. Write a set rules and regulation for the people who use public toilets. 190 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
WRITING ITEM II: LEAFLET/BROCHURE Look at the given leaflets. 01-4584440 Parasitology Exercise a. Prepare a leaflet of a pre-school or a computer shop or a tuition center. b. Surf the Internet and collect some samples of brochures. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 191
Develop a readable short story with the help of the given pictures: STEP 7 WORD POWER Look at the internal body organs of human. Write their functions using a dictionary. lungs Heart Spleen Intestines Kidney Stomach Liver Ribs Brain 192 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP word WORDS IN USE use 8 Use the following nouns (internal organs) in your sentences showing their functions. kidney large intestines stomach lungs small intestines liver brain bones pancreas veins Heart : It is a hollow muscular organ that pumps the blood through the circulatory system. STEP 9 DICTIONARY WORK AND SPEECH SKILL Look at the given words in a dictionary. Write their pronunciation. Identify vowel sound used in the words. Word Pronunciation Vowel Sound Word Pronunciation Vowel Sound walk warm sad pack man but up bat one much start of ask after on from Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 193
STEP 10 LISTENING TEST 1. Listen and decide true or false. a. Hanna and Julie are cousins. b. They are thirteen years old. c. They go to different schools. d. Hanna doesn’t give her clothes to Julie. e. Julie’s hobby is to take photos. 2. Listen and write always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely and never in the blank spaces. a. We are ___________________together. b. When we have break in school, we ___________have lunch. c. We ___________________go to sleep without talking. d. We ___________________ quarrel. e. I ___________________ take Hanna’s T-shirts. f. I ___________________give her my dresses. g. We ___________________ eat popcorn on Saturdays. h. At the weekends, we____________ go to the shopping –mall. STEP 11 PROJECT WORK Read the constitution of Nepal and highlight the obligations and duties of the people of Nepal on a chart paper. 194 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal