2. Why do Alok’s teeth hurt? a. He is getting cavities. b. He is chewing too much. c. None of the above. 3. Which is not a reason why Alok’s mum wants him to eat healthy? a. Healthy foods have vitamins. b. Healthy foods won’t hurt his teeth. c. Healthy foods help his body. d. Healthy foods taste bad. 4. Why does Alok think he won’t mind breakfast tomorrow? a. He gets to eat the same sweet stuff still. b. He gets to go to a restaurant for breakfast. c. He gets to eat ice cream for breakfast. d. The food he gets to eat tomorrow sounds delicious. 5. What is another benefit for Alok of eating healthy food? a. He won’t have to see the dentist so often. b. He will get fat. c. He will not like the food. d. He will be sad, because he can’t eat delicious. STEP 4 LET’S RECITE Pre-reading Activity What are the benefits of reading books? Discuss them with your friends. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 95
Open a Book Open a book And you will find People and places of every kind Open a book And you can be Anything you want to be Open a book And you can share Wondrous words you find in there Open a book And I will too You read to me And I will read to you Did you listen to my mission? If I were you I would open a book What about you? COMPREHENSION CHECK 1. Decide true or false. a. The poet suggests us to read books. b. We find people and places in books. c. Books contain amazing words. d. Reading books is a good hobby. e. We can find anything from books. 96 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
CREATIVE WORK Compose a poem about books and read it to your class. ONLINE READING Read some of the poems about books on the Internet. Note down one of them that you like most. Recite it to your friends. STEP 5 GRAMMAR ITEM: TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL Look at the following sentences: Type 2 Conditional Sentences Their meanings If I had your phone number, I would call you. But I don’t have your phone number. If I had money, I would give you. But I don’t have money. If I didn’t smoke, I would be healthy. But I smoke, so I am unhealthy. If he had time, he would study. But he does not have time. If I were you, I would be a doctor. But I am not you. If I were rich, I would donate money. But I am not rich. If you came in time, you could get the seat. But you came late. Grammar Note:- The conditional sentences indicate us a possible condition and its probable result. It means that the expected actions depend on a condition. If Clauses – Type 2 is used to express dreams, unreal situations and things that are unlikely to happen. In other words, the condition specified in the clause is not actual, but it is a condition that is currently being imagined. Although the verb is used in the past, we use type 2 when talking about present time or now. Structure : Type 2 If clause(condition) Main clause (result) If + simple past + would, could, might If she came to me, I would help her. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 97
Exercise 7 1. Use the appropriate forms of the verbs to make conditional sentences of type 2. If I ________ (be) you, I ________ (get) a new job. If I were you, I would get a new job. a. If she ________ (have) money, she ________ (help) me. b. If we ________ (know) him well, we ________ (not give) him money. c. If he ________ (see) me, he ________ (call) me. d. If my father ________ (be) alive, I ________ (not have) to work. e. If we ________ (be) rich, we ________ (not go) to overseas for jobs. f. If I ________ (win) the lottery, I ________ (travel) all over the world. g. If I ________ (be) the principal, I ________ (maintain) discipline. h. If they ________ (know), they________ (not come) here. i. If I ________ (can) do it myself, I ________ (not ask) for help. STEP 6 WRITING ITEM - I Writing Message Look at the following messages. You are Rabina and going to the tuition class. You received a phone call from your father and told that he would be late and that he would not be able to attend dinner because of an important meeting. Now write a message to inform your mother who has gone to meet her friend at her house. MESSAGE 15th November 2021, 12:30 pm Dear mother, Father called me to inform that he would be late from the office due to an important meeting as well as he would not attend the dinner either. Rabina 98 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Look at the following conversation: Mr. Rahul : Hello, is this 9841785400? Rajan : Yes. May I know who’s calling? Mr. Rahul : I am Rahul Singh. Can I talk to Mr. Agrawal? Rajan : Sorry, father is not at home now. Do you have any messages for him? Mr. Rahul : Yes, please tell him to come to the office tomorrow at 11 am, there is an urgent meeting with the manager. Could you please give him this message? Rajan : Okay, I’ll give him this message. Mr. Rahul : Thank you. Now write a message on the basis of the above conversation. MESSAGE 17th April 2021, 10:00 am Dear Father Mr. Rahul called from your office on the telephone saying to inform you tomorrow will be an urgent meeting with the Manager at 11 am. Rajan Exercise 1. Your parents have not come back home from their office. There is none at home except you. And you are going out with your friends tonight. Now leave a message to your parents about your plan. 2. You received a phone call from your mother’s office to inform her that there will be a staff meeting tomorrow before the office hour. You are going to your friend’s home to attend his birthday. Now leave a message to your mother. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 99
ITEM - II Paragraphs Look at the following paragraphs and do the exercises that follow: Pollution Pollution is the addition of unwanted substances into the environment that can damage our Earth. There are 4 main types of pollution; water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, and noise pollution. All kinds of pollutions are a result of careless activities of humans. We dump waste directly into water bodies, which results into water pollution. Air pollution is caused when vehicles release smoke into the atmosphere and make it difficult to breathe for all organisms. Soil pollution is caused by directly dumping our waste into landfills. Noise pollution is not visible, but it is a dangerous form of pollution that can damage our ears. Corona-viruses Corona-viruses are a family of viruses that can cause respiratory illness in humans. They get their name, “corona,” from the many crown-like spikes on the surface of the virus. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and the common cold are examples of corona-viruses that cause illness in humans. The best preventive measures include wearing a mask, staying six feet apart, washing hands often, avoiding sick people, keeping your hands away from your face and getting adequate rest and nutrition. Discipline Discipline is a way of teaching people to obey a given set of rules and regulations. The main motive of discipline is to prevent people from doing acts of disobedience 100 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
and negligence. Discipline is very important in the academic, personal and professional life of humans. It improves concentration and efficiency in students and working professionals. Disciplined children tend to be more devoted to studies and act more responsibly. Discipline infuses confidence and makes one respected and listened to. Discipline could regulate the behavior of both humans and animals. It makes them more sensible, responsible and accountable towards their own conduct. A disciplined person is always happy and successful. Education Education is the light of our life. It shows the right direction to us. It is the backbone of a country. It is an integral tool that aids the development of human civilization. Education equips the nation with the workforce, uplifts awareness among the general public. It helps to promote national unity. Education helps to eradicate all kinds of misunderstanding and blind beliefs. A life without education is valueless. Education develops sense of dignity and responsibility in a person. It helps to develop essential qualities and characteristic in a person. Exercise Write short paragraphs on the following topics: a. Importance of Women Education b. My Aim in Life c. Importance of Punctuality in Life d. Effects of Pollutions e. Causes of air Pollutions f. Benefit of Morning Walk g. Importance of Healthy Life h. Importance of Computer i. Importance of Games and Sports STEP 7 WORD POWER Look at the following definitions of the words of profession: a. A person who designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or structures is called an engineer. b. A person who is professionally qualified to prepare and dispense medicinal drugs is called a pharmacist. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 101
c. A person who has got a medical degree to checkup and treat sick people is called a physician. d. A person who is studying or has expertise on one or more of the natural or physical sciences is called a scientist. e. A person who designs buildings is called an architect. f. A person who studies and practices law is called a lawyer. g. A person who fits and repairs the pipes and other apparatus of water supply, sanitation, or heating systems is called a plumber. h. A person trained to care for the sick or infirm, especially in a hospital is called a nurse. i. A person whose job is to keep, inspect, and analyse financial accounts is called an accountant. j. A person who writes for newspapers, magazines, or news websites or prepares news to be broadcast is called a journalist. STEP word WORDS IN USE use 8 Exercise Choose the correct words of professionals to complete the sentences. designer tailor consultant teachers secretary journalist plumber technician electrician chef actor librarian economist accountant a. My father works in Radio Nepal. He reads the news in English. He is a ________ . b. Consult your tax ________ to learn more about the donation of these goods. c. The pipes in the toilet are broken. We have to call a ________ . d. We have bought a new AC. We have to call a ________ to set up it. e. Our lights are not working for two days. Let’s call an ________ . 102 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
f. Do you know Ajay? He is a famous ________ who prepares delicious food in a Five Star Hotel. g. Rajesh Hamal is a great ________ He has performed in many cinemas. h. The ________ becomes a keeper of books rather than a disseminator of wisdom. i. A ________ is a person who plans the form or structure of something before it is made, by preparing drawings or plans. j. A ________ is a person who makes, repairs, or alters clothing professionally. k. A ________ is a professional who provides advice and further purposeful activities in an area of specialization. l. An ________ is a practitioner in the social science discipline of economics. m. My father writes letters, makes phone calls and arranges meetings in his office. He is a ________ . n. Our parents are the first ________ and our home is the first school. STEP 9 DICTIONARY WORK Look up the following confusing words in a dictionary and complete the sentences. Personal or personnel? a. Be careful with your __________ details on the Internet. b. This company has great __________ they all work so hard. Assure or ensure or insure? a. I __________ you that I will be there in time. b. Please __________ that you get to the meeting in time. c. It is advisable to __________ your life against accident. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 103
STEP 10 PRONUNCIATION SKILL MORE ABOUT DIPHTHONGS /əʊ/ This diphthong creates sounds similar to “boat” and most often occurs with letter combinations that include /ow/, /oa/ and /o/. Examples: slow, moan, though /aʊ/ This diphthong creates sounds similar to “ow!” and most often occurs with letter combinations that include /ou/ and /ow/. Examples: brown, hound, now STEP 11 LISTENING TEST Listen and complete. Gaurav went to ________ which is a South West ________ country. He stayed there for ________ weeks. He went there with his best ________. There they moved by ________. He had a ________ camera for photography. They enjoyed local ________ there. They visited Marina ________ Sands and other tourist areas. Nowadays, people can afford ________ outside their countries but before 20 years, it was ________ to go abroad. STEP 12 PROJECT WORK What suggestions would you like to give to the principal of your school to bring change in your school? Write a letter addressing to him/her. Compile all the letters in a book format. Present your SUGGESTION BOOK to your principal. 104 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
UNIT 6 EXPRESSING WANTS AND NEEDS Objectives of the unit After the completion of the unit, students will be able to: Ò express wants and needs Ò describe past events Ò use reason connectives like because, because of, due to, etc. Ò articulate words correctly of silent ‘h’ STEP FUN COMMUNICATION 1 Riddle-Giggle You have been picking people’s pockets for such a long time. Don’t you ever feel bad? Yes, when the pockets turn out empty! Read and Relish. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 105
STEP 2 LET’S TALK Language Function Ò expressing wants and needs Talking Item - 1 A : What do you want to study, Suraj? B : I want to study medical science. A : Oh, that’s great. Why do you want to study medical science? B : I want to become a physician to serve sick people. It’s a great service to humanity, isn’t it? A : Yes, it is. It is the highest service. People say that a physician is a real god. B : By the way, what do you want to become? A : I want to become a writer. B : Wonderful! Why do you want to become a writer? A : I love reading and writing. It’s my hobby. Nice to talk to you! Bye. B : Bye. Talking Item - 2 Mum : Hello? Ajit : Hi, Mum. It’s Ajit. Dad and I are at the supermarket. We’ve got your list, and we’re shopping, but we’ve got some questions. Mum : No, problem, Ajit. What do you want to know? Ajit : We’ve got the crisps and biscuits for my school snacks, but dad and I don’t know what type of oil to buy. 106 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Mum : Get olive oil. I always cook with olive oil because it’s the healthiest type of oil. Ajit : Right, olive oil. Now, should we get orange juice or fizzy drinks? Mum : Get both. We’ll have orange juice for breakfast and fizzy drinks with dinner tonight. Ajit : Speaking of dinner… you’re making mutton with baked beans, right? Mum : Yes, that’s right. Mutton with baked beans is your dad’s favourite meal. It will be ready in half an hour, so please hurry. And don’t forget carrots. I want carrots for salad. In fact, get about half a kilo of carrots. Ajit : Right, carrots and peppers are on the list and dad’s getting them right now. What about dessert? Mum : Would you like fruit salad or watermelon? Ajit : Watermelon is a great idea! Uh, mum, I love watermelon but I don’t know how to choose a good one. Mum : Ask your dad to show you. He knows how to choose a perfect watermelon. Ajit : Dad, can you help me choose a watermelon? Mum : We’re getting the watermelon. We’ll just pay and come right home. Mum : Get some popcorn, too, so we can have popcorn and watch a film on TV after dinner. Ajit : OK. See you soon. Mum : Bye! Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 107
Talking Item - 3 Customer : Good morning! Shop assistant : Good morning! How can I help you? Customer : I want a loaf of bread, please. Shop assistant : Here you are. Customer : Thank you. Shop assistant : Do you want anything else? Customer : Yes. I’d like a bottle of milk too. How much is all that? Shop assistant : Eighty rupees, please. Customer : Here is a hundred rupee-note. Shop assistant : That’s twenty rupees. Thank you very much and come again. Customer : OK. Bye. Talking Item - 4 A : Excuse me? B : Hello, how can I help you? A : I would like to buy a pair of shoes. B : Which one do you like? A : I like those blue hills. B : These ones? A : Yes. How much they are? B : Fifteen hundred rupees. A : That’s rational. I will take them. B : Do you want anything else, please? A : Yes. It’s getting cold. I think I need to buy a coat. B : Do you want to go and look in the clothing store? 108 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
A : Yeah, I like a brown coat for the winter. B : Oh, yeah. It is warm and comfortable. Do you want a coat with a hood? A : Yeah, I think so, and waterproof too. B : Please, check it. It suits you. STEP 3 READING READING ITEM - I Holiday Plan Read the lesson thoroughly at home before you are taught it in the classroom. Find its difficult words and phrases. Write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Pre-reading Project Pre-reading Activity a. What are your plans for coming holidays? Discuss it with your friends. b. Read and act out the following conversations and do the activities that follow. Conversation I Holiday Plan (Lily and Rosy are both friends. They are having a conversation about what to do at the weekend.) Lily : So, what are your plans for this weekend? Rosy : I don’t know. Do you want to have a get together or something? Lily : How about going to see a movie? Film Forum is showing Enchanted. Rosy : That sounds like a good idea. Maybe we should go out to eat beforehand. Lily : It is fine with me. Where do you want to meet? Rosy : Let’s meet at Summer Pizza House. I have not gone there for a long time. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 109
Lily : Good idea again. I heard they just came up with a new pizza. It should be good because Summer Pizza House always has the best pizza in town. Rosy : When should we meet? Lily : Well, the movie is shown at 2:00pm, 4:00pm, 6:00pm and 8:00pm. Rosy : Why don’t we go to the 2:00pm show? We can meet at Summer Pizza House at noon. That will give us plenty of time to enjoy our pizza. Lily : Yes, that’s good idea. Let’s meet at twelve. OK? Rosy : OK, bye. Conversation II (Two friends are making plan for their holidays.) Suraj : Hurrah! Only ten days to the holidays. Pramod : I know. I have been counting the days. I am just sick of school. Suraj : So am I. What are you going to do with these holidays? Pramod : I should like to go to the hills for a change. But that means money, and I don’t think my father will give it to me. What are you going to do? Suraj : Oh, I shall go home. My home is in the hilly part, where it is fairly cool in the summer; and I think I shall find plenty to do there. Pramod : You are lucky. My home is in the plains and it is very hot, and I soon get tired of the small village life and scorching heat. Suraj : Well, look here! Why not come to my home and stay with me for a few weeks? We can make plan for some trips also. 110 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Pramod : That would be fine. But I don’t suppose your father would want me there. I should only be in the way. Suraj : Not at all! Father told me last year, when I was at home, that I should bring one of my school-fellow with me, and have a good time. So come along! Pramod : I should love it! It’s very kind of you. Suraj : Splendid! We can have some good time together. Have you ever visited Pokhara? Pramod : No, not yet. I have heard and read about Pokhara but haven’t got a chance to visit there. Can we plan to visit there? Suraj : Of course! My house is just four hours’ drive from Pokhara. So we will also visit Pokhara. It’s very beautiful valley. We will really enjoy a lot there. Pramod : So we shall. Thank you awfully. Suraj : Oh! You need not thank me; because I shall myself have a much jollier time with you there than if I were alone. Pramod : Can we visit other places also? Suraj : If we get time, we will also go to Muktinath, a famous pilgrimage. Pramod : That sounds wonderful. Now, I am really excited to celebrate my holidays with you. Suraj : Me too. COMPREHENSION CHECK Tick the best option. 1. Lily and Rosy want to: a. see movie b. visit Pokhara c. buy clothes 2. They are going to see: a. Film Forum b. Enchanted c. Summer Pizza 3. They plan to meet at: a. Summer Pizza House b. Film Forum c. Lily’s house Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 111
4. They plan: a. to see movie first b. to eat pizza first c. to do shopping first 5. Suraj and Pramod are planning for: a. weekend b. holidays c. new year 6. Pramod wants to visit: a. Muktinath b. Kathmandu c. Hills 7. Suraj invites Pramod because a. he is alone at home b. his father wants to meet Pramod c. he wants to enjoy holidays with Pramod. 1. Answer the following questions: a. What do Lily and Rosy make plan for their weakened? b. Which film is being shown and where? c. What do they want to do first? d. Where do Suraj and Pramod want to spend their holidays? READING ITEM - II Story Read the lesson thoroughly at home before you are taught it in the classroom. Find its difficult words and phrases. Write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Pre-reading Project Pre-reading Activity How long time should a man live? Discuss. While Reading Activity Read, find and discuss. How did man get longer age than other animals? 112 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
The Duration of Life By The Brothers Grimm When God had created the world and was about to fix the length of each creature’s life, the ass came and asked, “Lord, how long shall I live?” “Thirty years,” replied God; “does that content thee?” “Ah, Lord,” answered the ass, “that is a long time. Think of my painful existence! To carry heavy burdens from morning to night, to drag sacks of corn to the mill, that others may eat bread, to be cheered and refreshed with nothing but blows and kicks. Relieve me of a portion of this long time.” Then God had pity on him and relieved him of eighteen years. The ass went away comforted, and the dog appeared. “How long would thou like to live?” said God to him. “Thirty years are too many for the ass, but thou will be satisfied with that.” “Lord,” answered the dog, “is that thy will? Consider how I shall have to run, my feet will never hold out so long, and when I have once lost my voice for barking, and my teeth for biting, what will be left for me to do but run from one corner to another and growl?” God saw that he was right, and released him from twelve years of life. Then came the monkey. “Thou will certainly live thirty years willingly?” said the Lord to him. “Thou hast no need to work as the ass and the dog have to do, and will always enjoy thyself.” “Ah! Lord,” he answered, “it may seem as if that were the case, but it is quite different. When it rains porridge I have no spoon. I am always to play merry pranks, and make faces which force people to laugh, and if they give me an apple, and I bite into it, why it is sour! How often sadness hides itself behind mirth! I shall never be able to hold out for thirty years.” God was gracious and took off ten. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 113
At last man appeared, joyous, healthy and vigorous, and begged God to appoint his time for him. “Thirty years shall thou live,” said the Lord. “Is that enough for thee?” “What a short time,” cried the man, “when I have built my house and my fire burns on my own hearth; when I have planted trees which blossom and bear fruit, and am just intending to enjoy my life, I am to die! O Lord, lengthen my time.” “I will add to it the ass’s eighteen years,” said God. “That is not enough,” replied the man. “Thou shalt also have the dog’s twelve years.” “Still too little!” “Well, then,” said God, “I will give thee the monkey’s ten years also, but more thou shalt not have.” The man went away, but was not satisfied. So man lives seventy years. The first thirty are his human years, which are soon gone; then is he healthy, merry, works with pleasure, and is glad of his life. Then follow the ass’s eighteen years, when one burden after another is laid on him, he has to carry the corn which feeds others, and blows and kicks are the reward of his faithful services. Then come the dog’s twelve years, when he lies in the corner, and growls and has no longer any teeth to bite with, and when this time is over the monkey’s ten years form the end. Then man is weak-headed and foolish, does silly things, and becomes the jest of the children. Post-reading Activities VOCABULARY TEST 1. Learn and add. Learn the given word meanings and add a synonym to each from the box. presence courteous rumble fireside flourish liability consoled satisfied aiming cheerful fun oatmeal mischiefs release strong Words Meanings Synonyms blossom bloom bud burden load problem comforted supported solaced content gratified happy existence being survival gracious kind polite 114 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
growl snarl roar hearth home family life intending planning expecting merry happy joyous mirth laughter humor porridge gruel oats pranks tricks tomfooleries relieve dismiss discharge vigorous energetic dynamic COMPREHENSION CHECK 2. Read the story and complete the following sentences with the appropriate words from the story. a. God planned to fix the _____ of each creature after crafting the world. b. God provided __________ years of life to each: ass, dog and monkey. c. When the dog complained of his long life, god reduced __________ years of his life. d. God reduced ____ years from the monkey when he complained Him. e. The man was not satisfied with his time of life. So he requested to __________ his age. 3. Answer the following questions: a. What did God plan after creating the world? b. What was the age of ass, dog and monkey before reducing it? c. Why did the ass not like long life-time? d. Why did the dog request God to reduce his life? e. Why did man want long life? f. How did God lengthen man’s life? 4. Write a short synopsis of the above story. CREATIVE WORK On the basis of your reading, create an interesting story of your own about human life. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 115
STEP 4 LET’S RECITE About the poem The poem tells us about human nature. People give more importance to the physical attractions rather than the internal quality. Closed Eyes I’d like to tell you about a friend I met last year this time He was a pretty special kid You see my friend is blind. That didn’t stop him from playing his horn He just listened once and knew it He’d close his eyes and finger along I’m not sure how he’d do it. I asked him why he closed his eyes His answer was quite profound He said, “People tend to stare at them, Not focus on my sound.” I thought, how true the world we have We look before we listen May be if we closed our eyes The world would pay more attention. 116 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
COMPREHENSION CHECK 1. Answer the following questions: a. Why did the boy close his eyes while playing the horn? b. What do the people do before listening to someone? c. What does the above poem tell us? CREATIVE WORK Compose a poem about human nature and recite it to the class. STEP 5 GRAMMAR TYPE 1 CONDITIONAL Look at these sentences: If I wake up early, I will wake you up. If you work hard, you will get success. If you read loudly, it will disturb others. If it rains, we may get wet. If she returns my money, I will give her again. If they reach in time, they can join the meeting. If we leave now, we can reach in time. If you always talk in English, you can be fluent. If you heat butter, it melts. If you throw anything up, it comes down. If you are hungry, you can eat anything. If you tease a dog, it barks at you. Grammar Note:- Type 1 conditional sentences are used to talk about real and possible situations. Here we use a simple present tense in the if-clause and will /can / may + infinitive in the main clause (result clause). Exercise 8 Complete the conditional sentences (Type I) by putting the verbs into the correct form. a. If she _____________ (invite) me, I _________________ (go) Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 117
b. If they _____ (study/not) harder, they _____ (pass / not) the exam. c. If you _____ (ask) more politely, I _____ (buy) you a drink. d. If you _____ (not behave) properly, I _____ (throw) you out. e. If you _____ (send) this letter now, she _____ (receive) it tomorrow. f. Rita _____ (go) shopping if she …… (have) time in the afternoon. g. Simon ____ (go) to London next week if he ____ (get) a cheap flight. h. Susan _____ (can / move / not) into the new house if it_____ (be / not) ready on time. i. You _____ (be able/ not) to sleep if you (watch) this scary film. j. I__ join) army if I pass the SEE exam. k. If we _____ (heat) water, it___ (boil). l. If he _____ (get) proper medical care, he _____ (survive). m. If he _____ (win) the first prize, his mother _____ (be) happy. n. If her boyfriend _____ (phone / not) today, she _____ (leave) him. o. If she _____ (get) a promotion, she _____ (buy) a car. p. If he_____ (do) this test, he_____ (improve) his English. q. If she _____ (find) your ring, she ……. (give) it back to you. r. If it _____ (rain), we _____ (cancel) the match. s. If it _____ (rain) tomorrow, I _____ (have to / not) water the plants. t. If she _____ (be late), we _____ (go) without her. STEP 6 WRITING ITEM - I Essay Writing Read the given essay on Democracy and learn how an essay can be written. Democracy “Democracy is a government of the people, by the people, and for the people.” -Abraham Lincoln 118 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Democracy is known as the finest form of government. Why so? Because in a democracy, the people of the country choose their government. They enjoy certain rights which are very essential for any human being to live freely and happily. There are various democratic countries in the world, Nepal is one of them. But democratic system in Nepal is very new. It has not got maturity like India and America. Democracy has successfully passed the test of time but other forms of government have failed, democracy stood strong. It has time and again proved its importance and impact. Significance of democracy Democracy is very important for human development. When people have free will to live freely, they will be happier. Moreover, we have seen how other forms of government have turned out to be. Citizens are not that happy and prosperous in a monarchy or anarchy. Furthermore, democracy lets people have equal rights. This ensures that equality prevails all over the country. Subsequently, it also gives them duties. These duties make them better citizens and are also important for their overall development. Most importantly, in a democracy, the people form the government. So, this selection of the government by the citizens gives everyone a chance to work for their country. It allows the law to prevail efficiently as the rules are made by people whom they have selected. In addition, democracy allows people of various religions and cultures to exist peacefully. It makes them live in harmony with one another. People of democracy are more tolerant and accepting of each other’s differences. This is very important for any country to be happy and prosper. Exercise Write short essays on the given topics: a. Significance of Freedom b. Importance of Discipline c. Nepal: Our Motherland d. Importance of Games and Sports e. Importance of English Language Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 119
f. Importance of Computer g. Importance of Technical Education h. Impacts of Unemployment i. Overpopulation and Its Impacts j. Student Life ITEM - I Short Story Develop a readable short story with the help of the given pictures: STEP 7 WORD POWER Jobs and places Choose and write. hospital bakery post office library restaurant fire station market place clinic laboratory university school factory hostel convent supermarket barber waiter patients hairdressers Professionals Working place 1. A teacher teaches in a school 2. A waiter works in a 3. A place where students go to learn 4. A postman works in a 5. A doctor works in a 120 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
6. A professor teaches in a 7. Workers produce goods in a 8. Patients get treatment in a 9. Hairdressers work in a 10. A waiter serves food in a 11. Students stay in a 12. We produce flour based food in a 13. We shop foods and household goods in a 14. She is being treated at a special diabetic 15. We get a highest degree of education from a STEP word WORDS IN USE use 8 Make sentences using the given nouns (professionals) with their work and places. What do they do and where? Write as shown: pilot A pilot flies an aircraft in the sky. teacher professor lawyer doctor plumber barber driver librarian police chef farmer Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 121
gardener merchant butcher player nurse firefighters actors electrician writers journalist accountant tailor adviser translator scientist STEP 9 DICTIONARY WORK Look up the given words in a dictionary and complete the sentences with appropriate ones. Dessert or desert? a. I ordered ice cream for _____________ after my main course. b. I visited a _____________ while I was in Saudi Arabia. Advice or advise? a. Our teachers always give us good _____________ for our career. b. I would like to _____________ you to give up smoking. 122 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP 10 PRONUNCIATION SKILL /eə/ This diphthong creates sounds similar to “air” and most often occurs with letter combinations that include /ai/, /a/, and /ea/. Examples: lair, stair, bear /ɪə/ This diphthong creates sounds similar to “ear” and most often occurs with letter combinations that include /ee/, /ie/ and /ea/. Examples: beer, near, pier STEP 11 LISTENING TEST Listen and tick. a. There are _____________ seasons in River’s country. i. three ii. four iii. six b. River likes _____________ season. i. winter ii. summer iii. rainy c. River does not like _____________ season. i. summer ii. winter iii. rainy d. The best weather for River is from i. July to August ii. June to August iii. July to August e. River becomes _____________ when it rains. i. happy ii. sad iii. excited f. Trees and flowers blossom during i. summer ii. spring iii. fall STEP 12 PROJECT WORK Highlight the rules of conditional sentences on a chart paper. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 123
UNIT 7 EXPRESSING OPINIONS AND FEELINGS Objectives of the unit After the completion of the unit, students will be able to: Ò express their opinions and write short speech expressing opinions Ò use present continuous tense Ò use gerund and infinitive Ò write persuasive essay Ò use vocabulary related to phobia Ò write news articles Ò articulate words correctly of silent ‘k’ OK, tell me. Yes, doctor. I know the definition very well. A person who kills persons' ills by pills, and kills them by bills. STEP FUN COMMUNICATION 1 Riddle-Giggle Read and Relish. Do you know who I am? Do you know the definition of a doctor? 124 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP 2 LET’S TALK Language Functions Ò expressing opinions and feelings (An opinion is simply how you feel or think about a certain issue. It’s usually a personal viewpoint based on your experiences) Talking Item - 1 A : So Karan, what do you think makes a good friend? B : Well, for me, a friend is someone who is good fun to be with. A : Hm…fun to be with? Can you give me an example? B : I like friends who like to go out and have fun together. A : So….does that mean a friend has to like the same things you do? B : No…not really, just that they have a fun nature. A : And what other things that make a good friend? B : A true friend is always helpful. S/he should help you when you need. This is why it is said ‘a friend in need is a friend indeed’. A : That’s great idea. Are there any other qualities too? B : Yes. There are so many but these are some of them. Let me say one more important quality of a good friend that is honesty. In my opinion, a friend must be honest. Without honesty, there is no friendship. Friends must be honest with each other. A : I agree that. Thank you for your opinions. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 125
Talking Item - 2 Nima : I love these two dresses. But I have to choose one. What do you think? Which one is suited to me? Nancy : I think the dress which has peach color is suited to you. Nima : Really? But the blue one has a beautiful design. Nancy : You’re right. But it seems too big to you, isn’t it? Nima : yeah. Nancy : I have an idea! Let’s find a dress which has peach color, but the design is similar to the blue one? Nima : Yeah… That sounds good. Talking Item - 3 Namuna : Hi Tika! What are you doing? Tika : I’m reading a newspaper. Namuna : Any good news? Tika : I’ve just read about full day school. Namuna : So what your opinion about that? Tika : In my view, it is really useful. Because, if school time is extended until 6 pm, students can learn more, and parents will feel tension free. Namuna : Do you think like that? But how about the students? Don’t you think it is too boring for them in school all day? Tika : No, if the teachers can bring class situation more fun, giving them exciting activities, so the student will enjoy their day in school. Namuna : I think you’re right. STEP 3 READING READING ITEM - I A Short and Simple Newspaper Article Read the lesson thoroughly at home before you are taught it in the classroom. Find its difficult words and phrases. Write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Pre-reading Project 126 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Chief justice swears in attorney general in absence of president KATHMANDU, JULY 16, 2021 By Himalayan News Service Newly appointed Attorney General Khamma Bahadur Khati today took the oath of office and secrecy from Chief Justice Cholendra Shumsher JB Rana at the Supreme Court, while president was not present. It was a break from the tradition when the AG would be sworn in at the president’s office by the CJ in the presence of the president. Khati told THT that he wanted to take the oath of office and secrecy from the CJ in the presence of the president and had apprised the chief secretary of his wish. However, he was told that the president’s office had sent a letter to the Supreme Court on April 18 asking it to conduct the oath ceremony at the SC itself for those appointees who were supposed to take the oath of office and secrecy from the CJ. As per that letter, two newly appointed justices -- Kumar Chudal and Nahakul Subedi -- were sworn in by the CJ at the SC. “I am of the view that the AG, who is the government’s chief legal adviser, should be sworn in at the president’s office in the presence of the president, as the AG is appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister,” Khati said. The AG should have the honour of having the president as witness of his/her oath ceremony. Such an opportunity is necessary for the AG to personally know the president who appoints the AG,” Khati added. Section 21 of the act related to Conditions of Service and Facilities of the Attorney General states that the AG shall take the oath of office and secrecy from the chief justice but the same Section does not mention about the venue. Khati said the chief secretary told him that law did not mention that the oath ceremony had to be conducted in the presence of the president. President Bidhya Devi Bhandari’s Communication Expert Tika Prasad Dhakal said the president’s office had written to the SC saying that from April 18, the oath of those appointees who were not supposed to take the oath of office and secrecy Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 127
directly from the president better be sworn in by the designated authority in the office of the same designated authority. As per that letter, the oath of office and secrecy of constitutional office bearers was being conducted by designated authorities in their own offices. “The AG is the chief legal adviser to the government. That means he is also the legal adviser to the president. If any constitutional office bearer tomorrow writes to the president’s office, seeking to be sworn in in the presence of the president, the president is ready to witness the ceremony,” Dhakal said. Post-reading Activities VOCABULARY TEST 1. Learn and add. Learn the given word meanings and add a synonym to each from the box. promise occasion reference observance statement lawful privacy custom professional chosen described advocate Words Meanings Synonyms appointed selected designated apprised explained told attorney lawyer solicitor ceremony rite formality communication message announcement constitutional legitimate legal expert skilled proficient oath pledge swear opportunity chance prospect recommendation endorsement approval secrecy confidentiality concealment tradition ritual practice 128 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
2. Choose the correct terminology for each definition from the box. Attorney General Supreme Court Secretary Chief Justice President Tradition a. ___________:The principal legal officer who represents a state in legal proceedings and gives legal advice to the government. b. ___________:The principal judge of a court of justice in a state c. ___________:The highest judicial tribunal in a country d. ___________:An official chosen to preside over a meeting or assembly or a head of an organization or a state e. ___________:An officer of an organization or society responsible for its records and correspondence f. ___________:Cultural continuity in social attitudes, customs, and institutions COMPREHENSION CHECK 3. Answer the following questions: a. What tradition has been broken in the oath ceremony? b. What did Khati want? c. How is Attorney General appointed? d. What did president’s office write to the Supreme Court about oath ceremony? e. Who is the chief legal advisor to the government? CREATIVE WORK Read a newspaper in English and write a short news report from there. READING ITEM - II Speech Read the lesson thoroughly at home before you are taught it in the classroom. Find its difficult words and phrases. Write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Pre-reading Project Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 129
Pre-reading Activity What is life? Share your feelings and ideas with your friends. While Reading Activity Read, find and discuss. Why does the speaker say that life is a precious gift? What kind of journey is life? A Speech About Life Good morning one and all present here. I am standing before you all to share my thoughts with you through my speech about life. People have different views about life. But in my opinion, life is a continuous ongoing process that has to end someday. Life is all about adoring yourself and creating yourself. Life itself is a golden opportunity to live a meaningful life and support others to do so. It doesn’t matter how many years you live. But it matters how well you live a quality life. The fear of death always threatens our lives. Every person has to face death sooner or later, but that doesn’t mean that it should discourage us from living life to the fullest or achieving our goals. A person is wise only when he/she is ready to meet destiny when it comes, but until that time enjoys every bit of it. It is a sense of readiness. It is a journey in everyone’s life wherein we have to cross the bridge of death to be able to wake up to a life eternal. Human life is truly a very precious gift. Each moment of human life carries us an opportunity to act to develop and express our virtues. Every moment unlocks the path to us to receive blessings. This is the truth that life gives us both positive and negative situations. What is really important is how we react. Life is the gift of God in the form of trust that we will make it meaningful in whatever we can. We are all unique individuals. No one is born like you and no 130 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
one will ever be, so cherish your individuality. Many times, I come across people accusing God of things that they don’t have. They always curse their lives. But, do they realize that this life itself is precious? Life is nothing but a journey with lessons, hardships, heartache and special moments. It will ultimately lead us to our destination, our purpose in life. The road will not always be a plane; in fact, throughout our travels, we will face many challenges. These challenges will always test our courage, strength, weakness, and faith. Saying this, I would like to conclude my speech. Thank you very much for listening to me very attentively. Post-reading Activities VOCABULARY TEST 1. Learn and add. Learn the given word meanings and add a synonym and an antonym to them from the box. personality dear impends in the end matchless features considerately relish fate perpetual caring inferior defends immediately common flaws hating carelessly neglect choice perishable uniformity Words Meanings Synonym Antonym adoring attentively cherish destiny eternal individuality precious threatens ultimately unique virtues admiring thoughtfully value purpose everlasting independence valuable looms finally single qualities loving courteously prize fortune undying uniqueness costly lurks eventually exceptional merits __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 131
2. Find the words that are opposite in meaning to the following from the above list. a. vices : ___________ b. ordinary : ___________ c. worthless : ___________ d. mortal : ___________ e. disregard : ___________ f. carelessly : ___________ g. hating : ___________ h. defends : ___________ COMPREHENSION CHECK 3. Answer the following questions: a. What is life according to the speaker? Write five most important points that you like from the above speech. Example: Life is a continuous, ongoing process. b. What threatens life? c. Why do people curse God? d. What do our challenges test? e. Why should we cherish our individuality? CREATIVE WORK What do you think about student life? Write a speech describing it and read it out to the class. STEP 4 LET’S RECITE Pre-reading Activity Tell your friends what you do when somebody smiles at you. Discuss how we can spread smile at others’ face. While Reading Activity What does the poet say about smile? Why does he say smile is infectious? 132 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Smile Smiling is infectious You catch it like a flue When someone smiled at me today I started smiling too I walked around the corner And someone saw me grin When he smiled I realized I had passed it on to him I thought about the smile And then realized its worth A single smile like mine Could travel around the earth So if you feel a smile begin Don’t leave it hidden Start an epidemic And get the world infected VOCABULARY TEST 1. Find the words of the following definitions from the above poem. ________ : a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. ________ : kept out of sight; concealed. ________ : a condition in which bacteria or viruses that cause disease have entered the body ________ : the earth and all the people, places, and things on it: COMPREHENSION CHECK 2. Answer the following questions: a. What do you do if somebody smiles at you? b. When do you smile at others? Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 133
c. When do people smile at you? d. How does smile travel around the world? e. How is smile like an infectious disease? CREATIVE WORK Compose a poem regarding the importance of smile. STEP 5 GRAMMAR WORK Use of present continuous tense Use of to infinity and gerund GRAMMAR ITEM: Present Continuous Tense We use the present continuous tense to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now. We are learning English now. They are not playing now. We use the present continuous tense to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress; however, we might not be doing it at this exact second. I am studying to become an engineer. They are doing hard practice for the Olympic games We use the present continuous tense to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future. I am going home on coming Saturday. I am not going to the party tonight. We use the present continuous tense to express the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens. She is always calling me. (I wish she would not call.) He is constantly talking. (I wish he would shut up.) Structure: subject+ is/am/are+ present participle 134 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Exercise 8 Change the verb of the brackets into the correct form to make the present continuous tense. a. I ___________ (swim) this evening. b. We ___________ (go) to the movies tonight. c. I ___________ (work) on the big project next month. d. They ___________ (sing) at our club next week. e. Manoj ___________ (meet) me for lunch. f. Tara ___________ (bring) the package later today. g. You ___________ (always smoke)! h. This guy ___________ (always shout). i. It ___________ (always rain) in this place. j. You ___________ (take) the car with you tomorrow. k. Maya ___________ (go back) tonight. l. We ___________ (make) a party on Sunday. m. They ___________ (get married) next month. n. They ___________ (always fight). o. She ___________ (leave) to London tomorrow morning. GERUND AND INFINITIVE Look at these sentences: Gerund(verb +ing) Infinitive (to+verb) Walking is a good exercise to reduce fat. To walk is a good exercise. She prefers waking up early. She prefers to wake up early. I quit smoking a year ago. I wanted to quit smoking a year ago. Exercise 9 Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. a. Don’t waste my time ___________ about your salary. (complaining/ to complain) Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 135
b. Anil is having trouble _________ on the exam. (concentrating / to concentrate) c. Please allow me ____________ your Facebook page. (joining / to join) d. You won’t forget _________milk on your way home, will you? (picking up /to pick up) e. Anita can’t stand _________ on buses. (riding/ to ride) f. You promised _________ me a diamond ring.(to buy/buying) g. My father enjoys _________ people out to dinner. (inviting / to invite) h. Do you want _________ your family now?(to call/ calling) i. Jagat stopped _________ his shoelace. Wait for him. (tying / to tie) j. My wife always volunteers ___________ cakes at women’s meetings. (baking / to bake) STEP 6 WRITING ITEM - I News Articles Look at the following news articles: 41 Hurt in Bus Accident News Agency, Bhaktapur At least 41 persons were injured when a bus heading towards Bhaktapur from Nagarkot met with an accident at Belkot Phidi of Bhaktapur at around 9:45 am today. The accident occurred after the driver lost control while swerving to avoid a jeep coming from the opposite direction. The condition of two persons is reported to be critical and they have been sent to B &B Hospital for treatment according to Bhaktapur Metro Politan Police. Others are undergoing treatment at Bhaktapur Hospital. Locals and police rescued the injured. 136 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Sahara Enters Final of Aaha Rara Gold Cup By Saroj Dhital Pokhara, May 20 Sahara Football Club (SFC) defeated Machhindra Footaball Club(MFC) to advance to the final of the Aaha Rara Gold Cup held at Pokhara Stadium on Wednesday . As both the teams failed to score in the regular and additional extra time, the match was headed to spot kick. In the sudden death, Sahara beat Machhindra by 4-3 to secure victory in the tournament. Sahara will take on the winner between MMC and NPC in the final. Exercise 1. Develop a news article with the help of given outlines. Plane Crashed at Thankot A plane crashed at Thankot due to poor visibility and thick cloud — crashed with the TV tower at the top of the hill — all died including crews — 5 Germany tourists, 6 civil servants and other general people— all the dead bodies collected and identified — the investigation team at the spot — compensation of Rs 5,00,000/- by the Government to the family of dead person — condolence from the Prime Minist 2. Develop a news article with the help of given outlines. Six Killed in Phewa Lake March 10 Pokharara News AgenceyA wave in the Phewa Lake ........... a tourist boat upset ......... two of them drowned .......... three swam across ........ four still missing ........... no information ............. search is still on. 3. Develop a news article with the help of given outlines. Six Killed in Phewa Lake. A wave in the Phewa Lake ........... a tourist boat upset ......... two of them drowned .......... three swam across ........ four still missing ........... no information ............. search is still on. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 137
STEP 7 WORD POWER Phobia: fear A phobia is an irrational fear of something that’s unlikely to cause harm. The word itself comes from the Greek word phobos, which means fear or horror. Look at the following common phobias: Phobia Fear of Phobia Fear of Nyctophobia Fear of darkness Androphobia Fear of men Haphephobia Fear of touch Autophobia Fear of being alone Belonephobia Fear of pins and needles Cacophobia Fear of ugliness Catagelophobia Fear of being ridiculed Cyberphobia Fear of computers Cynophobia Fear of dogs Dentophobia Fear of dentist Elurophobia Fear of cats Entomophobia Fear of insects Gamophobia Fear of marriage Gynophobia Fear of women Herpetophobia Fear of reptiles Hydrophobia Fear of water Hypochondria Fear of illness Iatrophobia Fear of doctors Lockiophobia Fear of childbirth Obesophobia Fear of gaining weight Necrophobia Fear of death or dead things Pathophobia Fear of diseases Somniphobia Fear of sleep Sociophobia Fear of social evaluation Tonitrophobia Fear of thunder Scoptophobia Fear of being stared at STEP word WORDS IN USE use 8 4. Write the correct words of phobia to complete the sentences. a. Whenever light goes out at night, my child cries bitterly. He might have ________ . b. She runs away if you show her pins and needles. She has a ________ . 138 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
c. People suffering from ________ disorder might have anxiety with a mere thought of being mocked or made fun of. d. People suffering from ________ try their best in order to make themselves feel loved. e. My mum closes her ears if a dog barks outside and runs into her room and closes it. She has ________ . f. If just thinking about commitment or marriage gives you the flop sweats, makes your heart pound, or leaves you lightheaded, you might have ________ . g. Goma starts to cry whenever she sees a snake or a lizard. She has the symptoms of ________ . h. A person with ________ may be afraid of dead bodies as well as things such as coffins, tombstones, and graveyards. i. Someone with ________ will avoid going to the hospital at all costs, even if it means risking their own health and in more serious cases, their own life. j. The main symptoms of ________ are fear, dread, or panic around what could happen when you’re asleep. k. Women who have ________ have a pathological fear of giving birth, and will often avoid becoming pregnant or giving birth altogether. l. When you are worrying excessively that you may become seriously sick, it is the symptom of ________ . STEP 9 DICTIONARY WORK Look up the following words in a dictionary and complete the following definitions. Yoke or yolk? a. ________ is a wooden crosspiece that is fastened over the necks of two animals and attached to the plough or cart that they are to pull. b. ________ is the yellow internal part of a bird’s egg, which is surrounded by the white. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 139
Stationary or stationery? a. The word ________ means not moving while the word ________ is related to writing materials. b. I have to go to the ________ to buy some pencils, notebooks and colors. STEP 10 PRONUNCIATION SKILL More about diphthongs: /ɔɪ/ This creates sounds similar to “boy” and most often occurs with letter combinations that include /oy/ and /oi/. Examples: oil, toy, coil /ʊə/ This diphthong creates sounds similar to “sure” and most occurs with letter combinations that include /oo/, /ou/, /u/, and /ue/. Examples: lure, pure, fur, sure STEP 11 LISTENING TEST Listen and complete. The candidate has applied for the post of ________ position. He has worked in ________ administration for several years. He has an ________ degree too. The company has offered a ________ salary and other benefits too. The candidate likes to watch ________ on TV. He plays ________ in his leisure time. He wants to start his job ________ after selection. The interrogator is impressed. He will inform him about the ________ by e-mail. STEP 12 PROJECT WORK How can Nepal become a developed and rich country? Write your opinion with appropriate reasons and way out. Collect all the opinions of your class and publish it in a book format entitled with Our Opinions to Make Nepal Developed and Rich. Keep your book in your school library. 140 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
UNIT 8 TALKING ABOUT PAST HABIT Objectives of the unit After the completion of the unit, students will be able to: tell about their past habit write paragraphs describing past habits write short autobiographies use simple past and habitual past articulate words correctly of silent ‘l’ make words using suffix-logy write essays comparing present and past situations use different vocabulary of habits and diseases in sentences STEP FUN COMMUNICATION 1 Daddy, how much does it cost to get married? I don’t know, son. I’m still paying for it. Riddle-Giggle Read and Relish. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 141
STEP 2 LET’S TALK Language Functions Ò Talking about past habit Talking Item - 1 A : Would you tell me about your past habits, Salim. B : Of course. What do you want to know? A : How did you go to school when you were a primary school student? B : My parents used to take me to school up to grade three. Then I used to go to school on my own. When I completed primary education, I used to go to school on my bicycle. Most of the students go to school on their bicycles in the Terai Region after primary education if their school is at a distance. How would you go to school, Prem? A : I used to go to school on foot. We didn’t have bicycles in our village. I come from Dolpa. It lies in the Hilly Region. Talking Item - 2 A : When did you use to wake up when you were a primary student? B : I used to wake up at seven when I was a primary student. A : When did you use to wake up when you were in high school? B : I used to wake up at six o’clock. A : When do you wake up now a days? B : I wake up at five o’clock. A : What did you do when you were a school boy? B : I used to study, do homework and play with my friends. A : What difference do you find in school life and college life? 142 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal
B : Well, school life used to be dependent on parents. There used to be no tension of livelihood. Everything used to be managed by parents. But college life is more difficult. I have to work and study. STEP 3 READING READING ITEM - I Story Read the lesson thoroughly at home before you are taught it in the classroom. Find its difficult words and phrases. Write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Pre-reading Project Pre-reading Activity It is said that too much greed is harmful. Tell your friends with examples. While Reading Activity Read, find and discuss. Why was the stork sad? What did the fish request him? How did the stork meet his death? The Stork and the Crab Once upon a time, there lived a stork by the side of a pond. There were plenty of fish in the pond and the stork always had a full meal. When the fish would bounce for the sun, the stork would catch them with his long beak. As the years passed, the stork grew old and found it difficult to catch fish for food. Sometimes, he would remain without food for days. The stork thought of a plan. He stood by the pond with a sad look on his face. He did not attempt to catch any fish. The fish, frogs, and crabs in the pond noticed it and were amazed and asked him what the matter was. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 7 143
This is why I’m so sad. “I have heard that some humans will soon fill this pond and grow crops over it.” There will not be any fish left alive. This makes me sad”, replied the stork. When the fish heard this, they were very worried and asked the stork to help them. “How can we survive? We can’t go anywhere. We will be killed.” They began to cry bitterly. “Can’t you save us from the catastrophe?” they asked the stork with tears. “This is why I’m so sad,” said the stork. “If you all are ready, I can shift you to a big pond far from here. I am too old to carry you all at a time. And I need rest between the trips,” said the stork. “As you wish, uncle. We are ready. Please save our life as soon as possible,” said the fish. Each and every fish wanted to go first, so they pushed other behind and approached the stork to pick him first. The stork was very glad inside. He told the fish not to worry. He consoled them and said, “I will take you all as soon as possible. I won’t live you die here. So, don’t worry. I am with you.” Saying this, he set out on his first trip taking a few fish in his beak. However, he did not go to another pond. Instead he took them to a bog rock. He ate them there leisurely. After eating them, he used to sleep in the sun and shade 144 Pathfinder English Reader 7 Approved by CDC, Nepal