My Way Science Health and Physical Education 3

Science, Health & 3
Physical Education

Authors & Editor

Dr. Chandra Bahadur Singh
Balaram Khadka

Anuj Kumar Tandukar
Minu Basnet

Symphony Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Kathmandu, Nepal

Web : www.symphonypub.com I E-mail : [email protected]

Name : ....................................................
Class : .................... Roll No. : ...............
Subject Teacher : ...................................
School : ...................................................

Book : My Way

Science, Health & Physical Education - 3

Published by : Symphony Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Authors : Balaram Khadka

Anuj Kumar Tandukar

Minu Basnet

Editor : Dr. Chandra Bahadur Singh

Language Editor : Dr. Binod Luitel

Edition : First, 2074

Copyright : Publisher

Cover : Rajan Maharjan

Graphics : Rajan Maharjan

Printed in Nepal 978-9937-659-02-4
ISBN

Preface

My Way is a series of Science, Health and Physical Education textbooks
for primary level 1 to 5 English medium schools. It is based on the premise
that children are motivated to learn and engage themselves actively. The
variety of activities in it encourage participatory and innovative learning.
It is designed according to the latest syllabus prepared by Curriculum
Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal.

The series of books has been structured in a special pattern, different
from traditional text books. They aim to develop a realization in children
that science is not only a subject to study but a way of life. Following the
objectives and purpose of each lesson, we have presented a paragraph
that demonstrates cultural, historical and environmental importance or daily
life events. It takes the students to unknown and unfamiliar regime from easy,
lucid and known surrounding along with simple example and explanations.
In this regard, the books can be very good baseline to trace the path of
interactive learning. Quick Test are given to children for immediate testing.
They also denote the end of a teaching period. The exercises given towards
the end of each lesson test major cognitive skills required for the particular
age-group. Besides, the books provide ample opportunities for children to
engage in experimental and fun-based activities.

The text and presentation are supported by attractive and accurate colour
illustration. They make the concept clear, child-friendly, communicative
and lively. The language is simple, concise and lucid.

Suggestions and feedbacks are highly appreciated and warmly
welcomed. There is no restriction for creative comments and compliments
for betterment, improvement and making the series up to date.

Cognitive Skills from Blom’s Taxonony:

K Knowledge C Comprehension Ap Application

A Analysis E Evaluation S Synthesis

- Authors

CONTENTS

UNIT 1 WORLD OF THINGS 5
Chapter 1 Living Beings and Non-Living Things 6
UNIT 2 18
WORLD OF ANIMALS 19
Chapter 2 Homes of Animals 31
Chapter 3 Food of Animals 41
UNIT 3 Chapter 4 Animals at different time and season 52
53
UNIT 4 THE WORLD OF PLANTS 63
Chapter 5 Different Types of Plants 64
UNIT 5 75
CARE OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS 76
Chapter 6 Importance of Plants and Animals 82
UNIT 6 88
THE WEATHER AND WATER 89
Chapter 7 Windy Day 97
UNIT 7 Chapter 8 Cold Day 106
107
UNIT 8 MATTER Water 115
Chapter 9 Matter and Energy 116
Chapter 10 123
129
UNIT 9 OUR SURROUNDING 136
Chapter 11 Our Environment 137
142
UNIT 10 OUR EARTH AND UNIVERSE 148
Chapter 12 Our Earth 149
Chapter 13 Rock and Soil 155
Chapter 14 The Sun, Moon and Stars 164
172
INFORMATION, COMMUNICATION AND LOCAL TECHNOLORY 179
Chapter 15 Information and Communication 187
UNIT 11 Chapter 16 Local Technology 193
194
HEALTH EDUCATION 200
Chapter 17 Health Services 206
Chapter 18 Personal Hygiene 215
Chapter 19 Nutritious Food 222
Chapter 20 Diseases and their prevention 226
Chapter 21 Safety and First Aid 229
Chapter 22 Tobacco and Drug

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Chapter 23 Motor Skills
Chapter 24 Static Skills
Chapter 25 Drill Physical Training
Chapter 26 Minor and Local Games
Chapter 27 Mimicry Games
Chapter 28 Ball Games
Chapter 29 Gymnastic

1UNIT

WORLD OF THINGS

Unit Highlights

You are going to learn about
Living Beings and
Non-Livings Things
• Common features of living

things
• Living things need food
• Living things breathe
• Living things move from place

to place
• Living things feel
• Living things reproduce
• Living things grow old and die

Visit : www.symphonypub.com for further learning

Chapter Living Beings
And Non-Living Things
1

What ? Why?

You’ll learn to You can give proper food and water to your
 list the features of living things. pet animal. You can help them to grow.
 identify living things and non-living

things.

Living and non-living things in our tradition
We worship and respect many things
in our tradition. We worship snake as
“Nag Dev.” The snake is a living thing
and it helps to purify air. We also
respect water as “Jal Dev”. Water is
the most important matter for us. It
is non-living thing. We worship air

as “Pawan Dev.” We also worship peepal tree which is also
living thing and it helps to keep our environment fresh.

Name a big tree in your locality.
_______________________________________________
Name a thing that is worshipped in your locality.
_______________________________________________
Name any four things you like the most.
_______________________________________________

6 MY WAY
Science, Health and Physical Education - 3

We have many things around us. All of them are either living
things or non-living things. Living things have life in them.
Non-living things do not have life in them. You are a living being.
Other living things are tiger, deer, fish, plants, insect etc. Stone,
house, table, mountain, sun, stars are some non-living things.

Can you name some Oh, yes, They
living things that you are cow, dog
have at your home ? and………............

Common features of all living things

All living things have some common features which make them
different from non-living things. These
features are: they need food, they breathe, Did YOU know ?
they move, they feel, they excrete and
Tortoise is longer living
animal than all the other
they reproduce. They grow and die. animals in the world.

Quick Test 1: From your surrounding

1. Write any two similarities between plants and animals.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

2. Write any two dissimilarities between plants and animals.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

Living things need food

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Living things need food and water. Animals
obtain food from their surroundings. They
also need water. Food gives them energy
and keeps their body healthy. Water
helps in digesting food. Different living
things eat different types of food.
Plants make their own food in leaves in
the presence of sunlight by absorbing water and minerals from
soil. Non-living things do not need food and water.

Where do we Well, we get
get our food our food from
plants and………..
from?

Quick Test 2: From plants and animals

1. Write any two food items that an animal gets from plant.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

2. Write any two food that an animal can give to a plant.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

Living things breathe
Living things need air to live. They take in oxygen and give out
carbon dioxide.

Nose

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Gills

Stomata

Most of the land animals breathe air through nose. Birds have
a pair of pores above the mouth to take the air in. The pore is
known as nostril. Insects breathe through small pores in their
body known as spiracles. Plants take in air through stomata.
Stomata are small pores on the leaf through which air enters.

Aquatic animals use gills to breathe. Gills help them to take air
that is dissolved in water. You can also feel the movement of air
from your nose.

Quick Test 3: From your surrounding

1. Name any two water animals found in your locality.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

2. Name any two insects you have seen in your locality.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

Living things move from one place to another
Living things can move on their own. They move from one place
to another in search of food, water, shelter and breeding.

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Most of the land animals like giraffe, horse, rabbit and elephant
move on their four legs. Fish and other aquatic animals have
fins to swim. Birds have wings to fly. Some birds such as ducks
have webbed feet to swim in water.

Insects move on legs. Some insects such as butterfly can fly on
wings. Plants do not have motion like animals. Root moves deep
in soil in search of water and mineral.
Non-living things cannot move by themselves.

Quick Test 4: From your surrounding
1. The fastest running animal around your locality.
_______________________________________________
2. The slowest running animal around your locality.
_______________________________________________

Living things feel
Living things feel the change and react. Animals have eyes, ears,
nose, tongue and skin to sense sight, sound, smell, taste and
heat respectively.

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Sense Organs of Human Senses Reaction
Sight Beautiful

Sound Pleasant song /noise

Smell Good smell

Taste Sweet in taste

Hot/cool Cold ice cream

Some plants also have sense of touch and light. Touch-me-not
plant closes its leaves on being touched. The sunflower follows
the path of the sun in the sky. Some climbers spread over the
sunny places at home.

Quick Test 5: From your home

1. Any two animals sensitive even to very low sound are

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

2. Any two Insects that like sweet things are

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

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Living thing reproduces
Living things give birth to young ones. This process is known as
reproduction.

Most of the animals give THINK Critically
birth to their babies. Some
animals like lizard, snake, Which one is different in the group -
tortoise, fish and frog lay i. rabbit ii. tortoise iii. hen iv. python
eggs, which hatch into baby
animals.

All birds lay eggs which hatch into baby birds.

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But, a bat gives Oh…I see it is
birth to its baby. like an animal.

Plant reproduces through seeds. The seeds germinate into
seedlings. Some plants reproduce through root, stem and leaves.
Sugarcane, banana and bamboo reproduce through roots.

Quick Test 6: From our farm

1. Any two animals that lay egg

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

2. Any two animals that give birth to small young one

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

MY WAY A calf grows
Science, Health and Physical Education - 3 into cow.
A chick grows
into hen.

13

A small fish grows
into big fish.

A small plant grows into big plant.
A small plant grows into tree. Each
year a new layer is added to thicken
stem. The layers in stem of plants are
known as growth rings. Trees keep
growing throughout life. Year by year,
growth rings are added until it dies.
The growth cannot take place for all times. After some time every
living thing dies.

Quick Test 7: From our farm
1. The fastest growing animal in our farm
_______________________________________________
2. Animal in our farm that lives relatively longer
_______________________________________________

Safety tips : We should not touch wild animals with our hand.
14 MY WAY

Science, Health and Physical Education - 3

Quick Test 8: All in one

1. Complete the following sentences to find difference
between living things and non-living things.

Living things Non-living things

They need food. ______________________

______________________ They cannot reproduce

They move from one place young ones.

to another. ______________________

They breathe. ______________________

______________________ They do not grow and die.

2. Circle the living things.

Work Further

Do the following activities : K

1. Fill in the blanks with the words given below.

Surrounding /sunlight /living things /life /features
a. Living things have ................................. in them.
b. Plants and animals are ............................................
c. All living things have some .......................................

which make them different from non-living things.

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d. Animals obtain food from their ……………………………… K
e. Plants make their own food in leaves in the
K
presence of ………………………
C
2. Write true or false and also correct the false A
statement. K
A
a. Stomata are small pores on the root. C
b. Root moves deep in sky in search of water and

mineral.
c. Living things feel the change and react.
d. Living thing excretes food.
e. A small plant grows into seed.

3. Give short answer to the following questions.

a. How do plants get water and minerals ?
b. How does plant remove its excess water ?
c. Why do living things need food ?
d. Why do plants need sunlight ?

e. What two things do both plants and animals need
to survive ?

f. What organs do animals have to feel the change
and react ?

4. Answer the following questions in detail.

a. What three physical characteristics would be
best to describe a dog ?
b. Write any four differences between living things

and non-living things.

c. How does reproduction occur in plants ?

16 MY WAY
Science, Health and Physical Education - 3

My way of doing science Ap

To the teacher
Ask each student in your class to bring picture of one living
thing and one non-living thing. Paste living thing in one
chart paper and paste non-living things in another chart
paper. Show it to your class.

Fun Science

Tell the names of living things you have
at your home. Make mimicry on how they eat, move and
sound.

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2UNIT

WORLD OF ANIMALS

Unit Highlights • Flesh eating animals
• Plant -Flesh eating animals
You are going to learn about • Wading birds
• Running birds
Homes of Animals • Swimming birds
• Animals make their own Animals at different time
and seasons
homes
• We make homes for some • Animals in winter season
• Animals in summer season
animals • Animals in rainy season
• Animals in water • Animals at day and night time
• Fresh water animals • Nocturnal animals
• Living things feel • Diurnal animals
• Marine animals • Warm blooded animals
• Animals in land • Cold blooded animals
• Animals in grass land
• Animals in desert
• Arboreal and aerials
• Animals in moist soil
Food of Animals
• Plant eating animals

Visit : www.symphonypub.com for further learning

18 MY WAY
Science, Health and Physical Education - 3

Chapter Homes Of Animals

2

What ? Why?

You’ll learn to You can make suitable home for animal
 identify homes of animals. that you keep at your home.
 identify land animal and water animal.
 list the features of animals in different

habitats.

Science in making our home
Most of the houses in rural areas
of Nepal are made of mud, bamboo
and tree branches. A mud house is
very much suitable to protect us from
change in weather. In summer such
houses remain cold while in winter it is

some how warm and hot. Modern houses made of cements
and tin are strong and look attractive. However, they become
heated in summer and cool in winter.

Name any two materials used in your house.
_____________________ _____________________
Write one advantage of mud-house.
_____________________ _____________________
What types of houses are common in your locality ?
_____________________ _____________________

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Animals need home. Home protects animal from heat, cold, wind,
and enemies. Natural homes of animals are also known as habitat.
Different animals have different habitats. Forest, caves, water
and soil are natural habitats. Most animals are found in natural
habitat. Animals have special body features to fit in their habitat.

Animals found in the natural habitat are wild animals.

Can you name Yes…………… they
other wild animals are ........................
found in forest ? ................................

Quick Test 1: From your surrounding

1. Name any two wild animals you have seen.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

2. Name a type of habitat where you find frog.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

Animals make their own home
Some animals can make their own home. Birds make nest. Bees
make honey comb. Mole makes burrow and ants make anthill.

20 MY WAY
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They use twig, straw, mud or leaves to make their homes.

Can you name other Yes. They
animals that can make are spider,
bear and rat.
their own home?

Different birds have different types of nest.

Quick Test 2: From your surrounding

1. Name any two things used to make nest.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

2. Name any two animals that make their own house.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

Safety tips : We should not climb up tree to see nest. 21

MY WAY
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We make homes for some animals
We make homes for some animals to keep them at our
houses or in the farm. These animals are also called domestic
animals. Cow, buffalo, sheep, pig, hen, dog, cat are domestic
animals. Domestic animals help us in many ways. We get milk,
meat, wool and leather from them.

Cow is kept in shed. Pig is kept in sty. Dog is kept in kennel.

Sheep is kept in pen. Hen is kept in coop. Parrot is kept in cage.

We keep some animals for fun and companion. These animals
are known as pet animals. Dog, parrot and cat are pet animals.
Domestic animals like bullock, horse, donkey also help in
transportation.

Quick Test 3: From your family activities

1. Name a type of home your family has made for animal.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

2. Name two animals your family has reared.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

Good manner: We should not trap birds and catch them.

22 MY WAY
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Animals in water
Some animals live in water. They are called aquatic animals.

Aquatic animals have fins and boat shaped body to swim in the
water. They use gills for breathing.

Quick Test 4: From your family activities

1. Do you have a pond or lake near your locality ?

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

2. Write any two aquatic animals you have seen there.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

Fresh-water animals
Aquatic animals are found in river, pond, lake and the sea. The
aquatic animals found in pond, river and lake are called fresh
water animals. Toad, frog, alligator, crocodile are fresh water
animals. They are good swimmers and hunters.

Duck, geese and swan are birds found in wetland. They can
move through mud in search of small fish and insect. They have
webbed feet to swim.

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Quick Test 5: From our surrounding

1. Name any bird you have seen on wet-land.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

2. Name any two animals found in fresh-water.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

Marine animals THINK Critically
Sea water is rich in salt. There are
many animals in the sea. The aquatic Which one of the following
animals found in salty water are birds is odd and why ?
known as marine animals. Shark, i. duck ii. parrot iii. dove
whale, jelly fish, dolphin, seals and iv. wood-pecker
walrus are marine animals.

Marine animals are also good swimmers
and hunters. It is difficult to see deep
in sea water. Hence these animals can
sense their prey by sound. They release
salt through their gills.

24 MY WAY
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Quick Test 6: From your surrounding

Match the following. Marine animals
Fresh-water animals
Crab, dolphin, starfish, lobster
Toad, frog, alligator, crocodile

Animals in land

Animals found on land are called terrestrial animals. There
are grassland, desert and cold region on the land. Terrestrial
animals have adapted different features
to live on the different parts of the land. Did YOU know ?

Marine Animals in deep
sea use sound wave to
Animals in grass-land identify things near to

Many small and big animals live on them. This process is
grassland. Rhino, Elephant, Giraffe, Zebra, known as echo-location.

Wild buffalo, Tiger, Lion and Cheetah are big animals. Deer, Wild
dog, Elk etc. are small animals found on grassland.

These animals have less hair covering the body to help in sweating.
They can run faster to catch prey and stay in herd for safety.

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Why do small Oh, it helps them
animals stay in to be protected
herd on grassland ? from enemies.

Quick Test 7: From your surrounding

1. Name the place where you have seen herd of sheep or goats.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

2. Name the biggest land animal you have seen.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

Animals in desert
Desert is very hot and dry place. It is difficult to find water there.
However, it serves as a habitat for some animals. We find camel,
snake, lizard, rodent, kangaroo-rat there.

Animals in desert have light coloured
fur or scale which does not absorb
much heat. Most of desert animals
sleep at day time and come out at
night time. They can move for long time
without water. They usually have long
eyelashes to protect eye from dust.

26 MY WAY
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Animals in cold region
Himalayan region and polar region of the land are very cold.
Sheep, yak and red panda are found in Himalayan region.
Penguin, walrus and polar bear are found in polar region.

These animals have thick fur to protect them from cold.

Quick Test 8: From your surrounding

1. Name any two desert animals.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

2. Name any two animals found in cold region.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

Arboreals and aerials
Some animals spend most of the time living in trees. They are
monkey, birds, spiders, red panda, tree frog etc.

These animals are also known as arboreal animals. They can
grip branches of tree tightly while moving.
Birds and insects are also known as aerial animals because they
fly high up in the air. They have wings and boat shaped body to
help in flying.

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Birds also have light bones and feathers to help in flight.

Quick Test 9: From our surrounding

1. Name any two arboreal animals.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

2. Name any two aerial birds.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

Animals in moist soil
Many kinds of small animals live in moist soil. They are earthworm,
snail, woodlice, beetle and termite.

They have capacity to digest dead and decayed materials. Snail,
rabbit and mole live in hole in the soil. They cannot make hole
for themselves. They use the holes made by others.

Quick Test 10: From our surrounding

1. Name any one animal you have seen in soil.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

2. Name any one animal in the moist soil.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

Good manner: We should not trap and kill animals.

28 MY WAY
Science, Health and Physical Education - 3

Quick Test 11: All in one

Give examples of these animals:

1. These animals make burrow on the ground.
___________________ ___________________
2. These animals are marine animals.
___________________ ___________________
3. These animals live in desert.
___________________ ___________________
4. These animals live in trees.

___________________ ___________________

Work Further K
K
Do the following activities :
1. Write true or false. Correct the false statement.
a. Animals found in the natural habitat are domestic animals.
b. Animals kept at our houses or in the farm are wild animals.
c. Animals that live in water are called land animals.
d. Aquatic animals have wings and boat shaped body

to swim in the water.
e. Animals found on land are called aquatic animals.
2. Fill in the blanks with the correct words given

below.
terrestrial / herd / digest / desert / aerial
a. Earthworm can ………....... decayed materials.
b. Birds are ……..........…… animals.
c. .……... is hot and dry. It is difficult to find water there.
d. Animals found on land are called ……….... animals.
e. Some animals in grassland stay in …..….. for safety.

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3. Answer the following questions. K
a. What is a habitat ? C
b. What are arboreal animals ? K
A
c. Why do deers live in herd ?
d. How do water animals get air ?

4. Answer the following questions in detail.
a. What are the features of desert animal ?
b. Write the features of animals found in wetland.
c. Write the differences between aquatic and land animal.
d. Write the differences between arboreal and aerial animals.

My way of doing science Ap

Take a bottle and fill it with salt water. Put a small earthworm
from your garden in it. Leave it for three days and decide
whether the earthworm can survive in marine environment.

Fun Science

Visit the zoo and categorize the animals
you see there. Then write the names of animals below.

Animals Aquatic Land Arboreal Aerial
1. Elephant
2.
3.
4.
5.

30 MY WAY
Science, Health and Physical Education - 3

Chapter Food of Animals

3

What ? Why?

You’ll learn to You can choose to tame animals suitable to
 categorize animals on the basis of their the environment where you live.

food habit.
 list the additional feathers of different

types of animals.

Our traditional food culture
“Dhindo” is popular and old
food item in Nepal. It is made
of corn and millet flour. It is
made by cooking flour in boiled
water. This item can be eaten
with vegetable. It is rich in
protein and carbohydrate. These
days, we can find this food item
in Restaurant as well.

Have you eaten Dhindo with your family ?
_____________________ _____________________
Name any two local food items people eat in your locality.
_____________________ _____________________
Name any two food items that are fed to cow and goat.
_____________________ _____________________

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Animals obtain food from their surroundings. They need food to
get energy. Food also helps them in growth and to be healthy.
Animals eat different types of food.

Based on the food habit of animals, we can divide them into
three groups. They are plant eating animals, flesh eating animals
and plant and flesh eating animals.

Quick Test 1: From our home

1. Name any two waste materials at your home and garden

that can be used as food for animals.

a. ___________________ b. ___________________

Plant eating animals
Plant eating animals eat different parts of plant.

Animals which eat only plants are also known as herbivores.
They have wide and flat teeth to grind grass. They have strong
hind limbs which help them run faster.

32 MY WAY
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Some birds are also herbivores. Pigeon eats seeds. Parrot, geese
and macaws eat seed, nut and berries. Humming birds, sunbird
and honey eater feed on nectar. The shape and size of beaks
depend on how they eat their food.

Seed eating birds have short and straight beak. Pigeon has this
type of beak.

Nut and seed eating birds have short and curved beak. Parrot
has short and curved beak.

Birds which feed on nectar have long straw- shaped beak.

All herbivorous birds have feet composed of two toes going forward
and two backward. Such feet enable them to grip branches easily.

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Some insects such as bees, butterfly and locust feed on plant.
They are herbivorous insects.

Quick Test 2: From our surrounding

Name an animal that c. eats nut ____________­­ _
a. eats grass ____________ d. eats seeds ___________
b. eats fruit _____________

Flesh eating animals
Flesh eating animals feed on other animals. Such animals are
known as carnivores. Tiger, lion, wild dog and shark are carnivores.

Tiger has sharp and strong teeth. This animal has strong claws
as well.

Good manner: We should not irritate animals.

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Sharks have sharp teeth and very strong sense of smell to
identify its prey.
Python, snake and frog swallow their food as a whole. They do
not have teeth. They can open their mouths wide.

Vulture, falcon, eagle and owl are carnivorous birds.
Such birds have sharp, strong and hooked beak. They have
sharp, strong claw to help them in tearing the flesh.

The insects like dragonflies and ladybird beetle are carnivores.
They eat other small insects.

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Quick Test 3: From our surrounding
1. Name a carnivorous bird __________________________
2. Name a carnivorous insect ________________________
3. Name a carnivore with no teeth and beak __________
Flesh and plant eating animals
Animals which feed on both plant and flesh are also known as
omnivores. Animals like human, bear, fox, cat are omnivores.
They depend on both plant and animals for their food.

Omnivorous animals have short and stumpy teeth. Human
beings also have short and stumpy teeth.

Some birds are also omnivorous. They are hen, sparrow, peacock,
kingfisher etc.

They have straight and medium sized beak and strong feet.

36 MY WAY
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Did YOU know ?

The Ostrich laid egg is
the largest in the world
which is up to 1.5 kg.

Quick Test 4: From our surrounding
1. An omnivorous bird _______________________________
2. An omnivorous animal ____________________________
3. An omnivorous pet animal _________________________

Wading birds
Wading birds are found in the area of swallow water. Heron,
flamingo and stork are wading birds.

They have long feet and long sharp beak that reaches down into
the water to stab a fish.

THINK Critically

Which two of the
following can be
grouped together ?
i. ostrich ii. parrot
iii. emu iv. duck

Running birds
Some birds cannot fly. They have strong leg and can run very
fast. Ostrich, emu and kiwi are running birds.

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Running birds have smaller wings, so they cannot fly.

Swimming birds
Some birds can swim in water smoothly. They are duck, geese,
cormorant and penguin.

Swimming birds have webbed feet to help them swim in water.

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Quick Test 5: All in one

Match the following. sharp and strong claw
Herbivorous animals short and curved beak
Nut and seeds eating birds short and stumpy teeth
Birds feed on nectar sharp and strong teeth
Flesh eating animals long feet and long sharp beak
Sharks strong hind limb
Carnivorous birds long and straw shaped beak
Omnivorous animals sharp teeth and strong sense
Wading birds

Work Further

Do the following activities : K

1. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. A
surrounding /shallow /omnivores /running /teeth K
a. Animals obtain food from their …............……………. .
b. Ostrich, emu, kiwi are ……………...........……….. birds.
c. Human beings also have short and stumpy ……..... .
d. Wading birds are found in the area of…………water.
e. ………... depend on both plant and animal for food.
2. Differentiate between
a. Running birds and swimming birds
b. Omnivores and herbivores
c. Flamingo and sunbird
3. Answer the following questions.
a. Write two examples of wading birds.
b. What are omnivorous animals ?
c. What helps birds to swim in the water ?

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d. What are the types of animals on the basis of food K
habits? Write two examples of each. C

e. Write the features of carnivorous animals.
f. Write any three names of different types of birds.

Also write their features.
g. How does python eat its food ?

My way of doing science Ap

Observe the body features of a hen and complete

the following sentences.
a. Hen is not good swimmer because it does not have.........
................................................................................................
b. Hen cannot fly long time because it ................................
................................................................................................
c. Hen can be reared in cold because it has ..........................
................................................................................................
d. Hen can eat hard grain because it has ............................
................................................................................................

Fun Science

Visit your school surrounding and categorize
the animals you have seen around your locality under
the following headings.

Animals Herbivorous Carnivorous Omnivorous
1. ...............................
2. ...............................

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Science, Health and Physical Education - 3

Chapter Animals At Different
Time And Season
4

What ? Why?

You’ll learn to You can choose and train suitable animal
as night watch for your home. You can take
 categorize animals as noctural and diurnal. care of them at different seasons.
 categorize animals as warm blooded

and cold blooded.
 list the features of animals in different

seasons.

Our Tradition of Security
We keep dog at our home. Dogs are
loyal to their lord. Dogs have strong
sense of hearing and smell. We have
been using them for security of our
home. We also keep cat. They also
have strong sense of hearing, smell

and sight. They help us by catching rats. These trained dogs
are also used by policemen to find out the suspected things
and persons.

Do you have cat and dog at your home ?
_______________________________________________
Do you like dog ?
_______________________________________________
What name have you given for your pet animal ?
_______________________________________________

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Animals respond to change in the environment in which they
belong to. Some animals appear at day time and sleep all
through the night at their habitat whereas others are active at
night time. They remain calm and passive during day time.
Change in seasons also affects the behavior of animals.
Different animals are active at different seasons. Some animals
are active in winter while there are lots of other animals that
remain active in summer and rainy seasons. Changes in climatic
condition and availability of food are major causes of change in
the behaviour of animals at different seasons.

Animals in winter seasons

Winter season is always stressful for plants and animals. Lack
of water, food, sunlight and heat are the major problems in this
season. Plants cannot grow well. Grasses can be buried under
snow. Hence, it is difficult for animals to
find their food easily. Did YOU know ?

Blue-whale is the biggest
cold-blooded animal.
Survival in winter

To survive in winter, animals change their food habit and
appearance. Some animals also store food just before the
winter season. Rabbit and deer eat bark of trees, branches
and shoots of plants. Squirrels, mice, beaver and chipmunks
store food. They store nut, berries and grain which they eat in
winter inside their home.

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Some animals active in this season grow new thick fur to keep
them warm as well as camouflage themselves against snow. Other
animals that cannot adapt to cold go in migration or hibernation.
Many birds and insects migrate from cold place to another place
where they can find more food and warm climate.

Hibernation
Some animals hibernate all the time in winter. Hibernation
is a long deep sleep. Animals lower their body temperature,
heartbeat and breathing and use little amount of energy in the
period of hibernation. In the fall, these animals get ready for
winter by eating extra food which they store as body fat. They
use this energy during hibernation. Bears, bat, frog, snakes,
chipmunks and skunk hibernate in winter.

Quick Test 1: From our surrounding

1. Name any two insects that are not seen in winter.

___________________ ___________________

2. Any two plants found in winter

___________________ ___________________

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Animals in summer season
Many animals are seen active in summer season. These animals
need summer heat for their growth and breeding. Snakes, lizards
and insects like flies, fireflies, dragon flies and moth appear in
this season.

There is the surplus of food in summer and animals love to eat a
lot. Some animals nap under the trees in the shade at day time.
Tiger, elephant, buffalo and hippo like to bath in summer.

Some birds like gold finch, sparrow, yellow warbler and parrot
are very active during the summer season.

In desert, summer heat can be dangerous. Here, most of the
animals are active at night time. Some animals like earthworm,
frog, snail and turtle undergo long summer sleep under the
ground. They remain inactive throughout the season. The long
summer sleep is also known as aestivation.

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Quick Test 2: From our surrounding
1. An insect seen in the summer that communicates diseases

is ______________________________________________
2. Any two animals that take bath in summer are _________
_______________________________________________

Animals in rainy season
Different animals appear in the rainy season. Most of them are
birds and insects. Peacock, woodpecker, robin, bulbul, kingfisher,
cuckoo and heron are some of the birds seen in this season.
They find surplus of food in this season.

Chigger, snail, toad, earthworm, mite and mosquito are also
seen in the rainy season. Mosquitoes lay eggs on stagnant
water. The egg hatches into larva which later becomes mosquito.
Mosquitoes spread the diseases like yellow fever, malaria, filaria
and dengue. We should stay away from mosquito bites as it can
cause diseases in us.

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We should not let water stagnant around our homes because
it helps in growth of larva to mosquito. We can use net while
sleeping to be away from mosquito bite.

Quick Test 3: From our surrounding

Fill in the blanks with the words given below.
migrate / stressful / aestivation / hibernation / diseases
1. The summer sleep of animals is known as ........................
2. The winter season is ....................... for plants and animals.
3. ........................ is deep winter sleep.
4. Animals which cannot adapt in the cold in winter .............

to warm places.
5. Mosquitos bite causes many ..............................

Animals at day and night time

Some animals love to come out in search of food, water and
mating in day time. Others are seen active in the night time.
Nocturnal animals are night active
animals whereas diurnal animals THINK Critically

are active in the day time. Which one of the following
animal is off and why ?
i. Cow ii. Lion
Nocturnal animals iii. Tiger iv. Turtle
Animals which are more active at
night time than during day time are nocturnal animals. These
animals sleep throughout day time in burrow, den or holes. Most
of the animals found in desert are nocturnal to escape from
daytime heat. Nocturnal animals have certain special features
which help them survive in the dark. Bear, hedgehog, mouse,
opossum and otter have sharp sense of hearing.

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Fox, bat, badger are also nocturnal animals. All the nocturnal
animals rest or sleep in the day. Bug, mosquitoes, firefly, mite,
and earthworm are also nocturnal animals.

Quick Test 4: From our surrounding

1. Name any two nocturnal insects you have seen in your surroundings.
_______________________________________________
2. Name a nocturnal animal often found at our home.
_______________________________________________

Diurnal animals
Many types of animals are active at day time. They sleep at night
time. Animals active in the day time are known as diurnal animals.
Monkey, horse, cow, buffalo, squirrel, sheep are diurnal animals.

There are many birds which are diurnal in nature. They are hen,
duck, pigeon, peacock, eagle, heron, sparrow, vulture etc. They
move to their nest at night.

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Some animals are active both at day time and night time. These
are tiger, lion, cat, fox, leopard etc.

Animals active in both day time and night time are known as
crepuscular animals.

Quick Test 5: From our surrounding

1. Name any two diurnal animals in your surrounding.

___________________ ___________________

2. Name a diurnal insect at your garden.

___________________ ___________________

Cold blooded animals
All animals can be categorized into two major groups on the basis
of the body temperature they adopt in different environments.
They are warm blooded animals and cold blooded animals.
Animals are either warm blooded or cold blooded in nature.
Warm blooded animals
The animals whose internal body temperature remains constant
in all temperature zones are called warm blooded animals.
These animals always keep their body temperature same. They

Good manner: We should not harm other animals.

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do so by generating their own heat when they are in relatively
cooler environment and by cooling themselves in the hotter
environment. Warm blooded animals convert the food they eat
to heat energy. Hence, they have to eat a lot. Only small amount
of food is used in growth. Most of the food they eat is used up to
keep the body temperature constant by producing heat. Most of
the birds are warm blooded animals.
Most of the animals like cow, tiger, lion, giraffe, elephant etc. are
also warm blooded animals. The female of this kind of animal
gives milk to their young ones.

Quick Test 6: From our surrounding

1. Two animals that give milk to their baby are :

___________________ ___________________

2. Any two birds people rear at their home are :

___________________ ___________________

Cold blooded animals
Cold blooded animals change their body temperature with the
change in environment. They make their body temperature equal
to that of surrounding where they live. These animals are hot
when their environment is hot and cold when their environment

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