The Impact of Climate Change on the Hydro-Climate of Malaysia Based on IPCC Fifth Assesment Report.

Batu Pahat
Johor
Muda

179

Kelang
Kelantan
Linggi

180

Muar
Pahang
Perak

181

Selangor
Dungun
Kemaman

182

Kuantan

Figure 6.13 - Time series plots of annual evapotranspiration during the historical (1970-2000)
and the projected future (2010-2100) conditions for 13 watersheds in Peninsular Malaysia.
Future conditions are in terms of individual projections and the ensemble average of the
projections.
Coastal Region 1

Coastal Region 2

183

Coastal Region 3
Coastal Region 4
Coastal Region 5

184

Coastal Region 6
Coastal Region 7
Coastal Region 8

185

Coastal Region 9
Coastal Region 10
Coastal Region 11

186

Coastal Region 12

Figure 6.14 - Time series plots of annual evapotranspiration during the historical (1970-2000)
and the projected future (2010-2100) conditions for 12 coastal regions in Peninsular Malaysia.
Future conditions are in terms of individual projections and the ensemble average of the
projections.
a)

b)

Figure 6.15 - a) Long-term mean of the annual evapotranspiration (mm) during the historical
period (1970-2000), the early 21st century (2011-2040), the middle 21st century (2041-2070),
and the late 21st century (2071-2100), and b) the change in the long-term mean of the annual
evapotranspiration from the historical period, to the early, middle, and late 21st century for 13
watersheds and 12 coastal regions of Peninsular Malaysia.

187

Table 6.9 - Long-term mean of the annual evapotranspiration (mm) during the historical period
(1970-2000), the early 21st century (2011-2040), the middle 21st century (2041-2070), and
the late 21st century (2071-2100), and b) the change in the long-term mean of the annual
evapotranspiration from the historical period, to the early, middle, and late 21st century for 13
watersheds in Peninsular Malaysia.

Long-term mean Change from Historical period
Early Mid
Watershed Hist (2011- (2041- Late Early Mid Late
(1970- 2040) 2070) (2071-
Batu Pahat 2000) 1299.05 1307.58 2100) (2011- (2041- (2071-
Dungun 1281.25 1382.73 1383.39 1315.16
Johor 1373.41 1266.78 1273.24 1384.80 2040) 2070) 2100)
Kelang 1241.64 1297.14 1309.05 1281.95
Kelantan 1282.38 1421.36 1427.39 1313.17 17.80 26.33 33.91
Kemaman 1401.05 1382.88 1390.73 1429.09
Kuantan 1372.69 1377.75 1384.29 1392.14 9.32 9.97 11.38
Linggi 1367.51 1304.32 1321.90 1387.70
Muar 1291.35 1209.43 1223.98 1327.91 25.15 31.60 40.31
Muda 1189.93 1368.07 1380.82 1230.97
Pahang 1336.36 1360.89 1369.95 1386.61 14.76 26.67 30.80
Perak 1338.93 1415.74 1426.69 1368.09
Selangor 1380.37 1312.51 1323.15 1432.64 20.31 26.35 28.04
1292.06 1327.35
10.19 18.04 19.46

10.24 16.78 20.19

12.97 30.55 36.56

19.50 34.05 41.03

31.71 44.46 50.26

21.96 31.02 29.16

35.36 46.31 52.26

20.44 31.09 35.28

188

Table 6.10 - Long-term mean of the annual evapotranspiration (mm) during the historical
period (1970-2000), the early 21st century (2011-2040), the middle 21st century (2041-2070),
and the late 21st century (2071-2100), and b) the change in the long-term mean of the annual
evapotranspiration from the historical period, to the early, middle, and late 21st century for 12
coastal regions in Peninsular Malaysia.

Long-term mean Change from Historical
period
Coastal Hist Early Mid Late
Region (1970- (2011- (2041- (2071- Early Mid Late
2000) 2040) 2070) 2100) (2011- (2041- (2071-
Coastal 2040) 2070) 2100)
Region 1 1298.17 1312.08 1325.31 1331.54
Coastal 13.91 27.14 33.37
Region 2
Coastal 1329.87 1347.11 1353.05 1356.31 17.23 23.18 26.44
Region 3
Coastal 1345.57 1357.06 1365.93 1371.74 11.49 20.36 26.17
Region 4
Coastal 1277.01 1298.39 1307.96 1316.96 21.38 30.95 39.94
Region 5
Coastal 1275.89 1297.68 1300.07 1307.96 21.79 24.18 32.07
Region 6
Coastal 1303.97 1314.00 1330.46 1338.39 10.03 26.49 34.43
Region 7
Coastal 1213.74 1223.33 1239.39 1250.05 9.59 25.66 36.31
Region 8
Coastal 1251.72 1259.08 1277.76 1283.32 7.36 26.04 31.60
Region 9
Coastal 1108.76 1119.53 1125.96 1133.24 10.77 17.20 24.49
Region 10
Coastal 1225.58 1243.91 1254.46 1262.91 18.34 28.88 37.33
Region 11
Coastal 1176.53 1196.52 1208.56 1219.96 20.00 32.03 43.43
Region 12
1113.81 1143.49 1158.78 1171.60 29.68 44.97 57.79

6.1.4. Sabah and Sarawak
Time series plots of annual evapotranspiration during the historical (1970-2000) and the
projected future (2010-2100) conditions for the subregions of Sabah (Beaufort, Beluran, Kota
Kinabalu, Kudat, Lahad Datu, Pitas, Sandakan, Sg Abai, Sg Kalabakan, Sg Kalumpang, Sg
Labuk, Sg Padas, Sg Papar, Sg Segama, Sg Sinsilog, Sg Sugut, Sg Tuaran, Sipitang, Southern
Sabah, Tawau, Trusan Kinabatangan) and Sarawak (Batang Balingian, Batang Baram, Batang
Kemena, Batang Kerian, Batang Lawas, Batang Lupar, Batang Mukah, Batang Oya, Batang

189

Rajang, Batang Sadong, Batang Samarahan, Batang Saribas, Batang Tatau, Batang Terusan,
Northern Sarawak, Sg Limbang, Sg Sarawak, Southern Sarawak) are presented in Figures
6.16 and 6.17, respectively. Future conditions are presented in terms of individual projections
(for RCP2.6, 4.5, 6.0, 8.5) and the ensemble average of the projections.

Figure 6.18 and Tables 6.11-6.12 show the long-term mean of the annual evapotranspiration
(mm) during the historical period (1970-2000), the early 21st century (2011-2040), the middle
21st century (2041-2070), and the late 21st century (2071-2100), as well as the change in the
long-term mean of the annual evapotranspiration from the historical period, to the early,
middle, and late 21st century for each of the 39 subregions in Sabah and Sarawak.

In comparison to the historical period, the change in the long-term mean annual
evapotranspiration over the subregions of Sabah varies from 1.9 percent in Southern Sabah to
6.3 percent in Kota Kinabalu in the early 21st century, from 1.9 percent in Sg Kalabakan to
6.9 percent in Kota Kinabalu in the middle 21st century, and 1.7 percent in Sg Kalabakan to
7.6 percent Kota Kinabalu in the late 21st century.

In comparison to the historical period, the change in the long-term mean annual
evapotranspiration over the subregions of Sarawak varies from 2.4 percent in Batang Terusan
to 3.6 percent in Batang Sadong in the early 21st century, from 3.1 percent in Batang Tatau to
4.5 percent in Batang Lawas in the middle 21st century, and 3.2 percent in Batang Tatau to
4.8 percent in Batang Lawas in the late 21st century.

190

Beaufort
Beluran
Kota Kinabalu
Kudat

191

Lahad Datu
Pitas
Sandakan
Sg Abai

192

Sg Kalabakan
Sg Kalumpang
Sg Labuk
Sg Padas

193

Sg Papar
Sg Segama
Sg Sinsilog
Sg Sugut

194

Sg Tuaran
Sipitang
Southern Sabah
Tawau

195

Trusan Kinabatangan

Figure 6.16 - Time series plots of annual evapotranspiration during the historical (1970-2000)
and the projected future (2010-2100) conditions for subregions in Sabah. Future conditions
are in terms of individual projections and the ensemble average of the projections.
Batang Balingian

Batang Baram

Batang Kemena

196

Batang Kerian
Batang Lawas
Batang Lupar
Batang Mukah

197

Batang Oya
Batang Rajang
Batang Sadong
Batang Samarahan

198

Batang Saribas
Batang Tatau
Batang Terusan
Northern Sarawak

199

Sg Limbang

Sg Sarawak

Southern Sarawak

Figure 6.17 - Time series plots of annual evapotranspiration during the historical (1970-2000)
and the projected future (2010-2100) conditions for subregions in Sarawak. Future conditions
are in terms of individual projections and the ensemble average of the projections.

200

a)

b)

Figure 6.18 - a) Long-term mean of the annual evapotranspiration (mm) during the historical
period (1970-2000), the early 21st century (2011-2040), the middle 21st century (2041-2070),
and the late 21st century (2071-2100), and b) the change in the long-term mean of the annual
evapotranspiration from the historical period, to the early, middle, and late 21st century for
each of the 39 subregions in Sabah and Sarawak.

201

Table 6.11 - Long-term mean of the annual evapotranspiration (mm) during the historical
period (1970-2000), the early 21st century (2011-2040), the middle 21st century (2041-2070),
and the late 21st century (2071-2100), and b) the change in the long-term mean of the annual
evapotranspiration from the historical period, to the early, middle, and late 21st century for
subregions in Sabah.

Long-term mean Change from Historical
period

Subregions in Sabah Hist Early Mid Late Early Mid Late
(1970- (2011- (2041- (2071- (2011- (2041- (2071-
Beaufort 2000) 2040) 2070) 2100) 2040) 2070) 2100)
Beluran 1302.77 1396.43
Kota_Kinabalu 1541.83 1367.96 1384.07 1599.12 65.20 81.31 93.67
Kudat 1346.52 1449.39
Lahad_Datu 1484.64 1586.93 1599.71 1561.71 45.10 57.88 57.29
Pitas 1499.33 1541.97
Sandakan 1482.87 1431.83 1439.36 1537.36 85.31 92.84 102.87
Sg_Abai 1556.56 1607.19
Sg_Kalabakan 1222.29 1550.28 1558.77 1287.75 65.64 74.13 77.07
Sg_Kalumpang 1504.08 1530.30
Sg_Labuk 1545.04 1539.24 1539.88 1578.44 39.91 40.55 42.64
Sg_Padas 1485.37 1533.97
Sg_Papar 1505.97 1531.95 1539.60 1587.64 49.08 56.73 54.49
Sg_Segama 1249.46 1300.41
Sg_Sinsilog 1478.96 1599.67 1608.61 1515.35 43.11 52.05 50.62
Sg_Sugut 1458.01 1511.35
Sg_Tuaran 1481.06 1271.95 1280.16 1530.56 49.66 57.87 65.46
Sipitang 1341.06 1419.52
Southern_Sabah 1526.09 1532.78 1532.52 1623.30 28.69 28.43 26.22
Tawau 1582.53 1615.80
Trusan_Kinabatangan 1488.61 1580.85 1579.57 1527.33 35.81 34.53 33.40
1564.44 1608.05
1524.70 1533.07 39.33 47.70 48.59

1571.23 1583.00 65.26 77.03 81.67

1286.25 1294.61 36.78 45.15 50.95

1508.35 1512.91 29.39 33.94 36.39

1505.01 1511.62 47.01 53.61 53.34

1525.27 1532.55 44.21 51.49 49.50

1403.52 1413.37 62.46 72.31 78.46

1595.90 1615.08 69.81 89.00 97.21

1612.56 1616.00 30.03 33.47 33.27

1527.59 1527.76 38.98 39.15 38.72

1601.54 1607.48 37.10 43.04 43.61

202

Table 6.12 - Long-term mean of the annual evapotranspiration (mm) during the historical
period (1970-2000), the early 21st century (2011-2040), the middle 21st century (2041-2070),
and the late 21st century (2071-2100), and b) the change in the long-term mean of the annual
evapotranspiration from the historical period, to the early, middle, and late 21st century for
subregions in Sarawak.

Long-term mean Change from Historical
period

Subregions in Hist Early Mid Late Early Mid Late
Sarawak (1970- (2011- (2041- (2071- (2011- (2041- (2071-
2000) 2040) 2070) 2100) 2040) 2070) 2100)
Batang_Balingian 1441.07 1496.45
Batang_Baram 1604.25 1481.11 1491.15 1667.15 40.04 50.08 55.38
Batang_Kemena 1485.75 1537.06
Batang_Kerian 1476.44 1651.52 1663.30 1531.16 47.27 59.05 62.89
Batang_Lawas 1490.10 1561.89
Batang_Lupar 1403.21 1525.17 1534.05 1450.39 39.42 48.30 51.32
Batang_Mukah 1437.73 1488.43
Batang_Oya 1438.99 1528.72 1530.67 1492.64 52.29 54.23 54.73
Batang_Rajang 1519.93 1580.06
Batang_Sadong 1439.05 1539.03 1557.58 1491.46 48.92 67.48 71.79
Batang_Samarahan 1443.36 1499.67
Batang_Saribas 1434.08 1452.10 1453.31 1481.89 48.89 50.10 47.18
Batang_Tatau 1465.23 1512.36
Batang_Terusan 1523.18 1477.73 1485.36 1579.09 40.01 47.63 50.70
Northern_Sarawak 1517.94 1585.48
Sg_Limbang 1635.91 1482.47 1489.32 1712.13 43.48 50.33 53.64
Sg_Sarawak 1486.19 1539.62
Southern_Sarawak 1386.82 1567.67 1576.02 1439.23 47.74 56.09 60.13

1491.40 1492.53 52.34 53.48 52.41

1492.73 1496.81 49.37 53.45 56.31

1479.27 1483.34 45.19 49.26 47.81

1504.15 1510.69 38.92 45.47 47.13

1560.32 1575.01 37.14 51.83 55.90

1569.82 1582.84 51.88 64.90 67.54

1691.96 1704.95 56.05 69.04 76.21

1533.06 1538.63 46.87 52.44 53.44

1425.44 1431.07 38.61 44.25 52.41

203

6.4. Relative humidity

6.4.1. Peninsular Malaysia
Time series plots of annual average relative humidity during the historical (1970-2000) and
the projected future (2010-2100) conditions for 13 watersheds (Batu Pahat, Johor, Muda,
Kelang, Kelantan, Linggi, Muar, Pahang, Perak, Selangor, Dungun, Kemaman, and Kuantan)
and 12 coastal regions in Peninsular Malaysia are presented in Figures 6.19 and 6.20,
respectively. Future conditions are presented in terms of individual projections for five GCMs
and four emission scenarios RCP2.6, 4.5, 6.0, 8.5, and for the ensemble average of the
projections. The ensemble average of the annual average air relative humidity gradually
increases during the 21st century over each of 13 watersheds and 12 coastal regions of
Peninsular Malaysia although the annual relative humidity in each of the 16 projections has
large fluctuations.

Figure 6.21 and Tables 6.13-6.14 show long-term mean of the annual average relative
humidity (%) during the historical period (1970-2000), the early 21st century (2011-2040),
the middle 21st century (2041-2070), and the late 21st century (2071-2100), as well as the
change in long-term mean of the annual average relative humidity from the historical period,
to the early, middle, and late 21st century for 13 watersheds and 12 coastal regions of
Peninsular Malaysia.

In comparison to the historical period, the change in the long-term mean annual relative
humidity over the 13 watersheds in Peninsular Malaysia varies from -0.1 percent in Johor to
0.6 percent in Perak in the early 21st century, from 0.3 percent in Johor to 1.2 percent in Perak
in the middle 21st century, and 0.6 percent in Johor to 1.5 percent in Perak in the late 21st
century. In comparison to the historical period, the change in the long-term mean annual
relative humidity over the 12 coastal regions in Peninsular Malaysia varies from -0.1 percent
in Coastal Region 6 to 0.6 percent in Coastal Region 11 in the early 21st century, from 0.4
percent in Coastal Region 5 to 1.1 percent in Coastal Region 11 in the middle 21st century,
and 0.6 percent in Coastal Region 3 to 1.5 percent in Coastal Region 11 in the late 21st century.

204

Batu Pahat
Johor
Muda

205

Kelang
Kelantan
Linggi

206

Muar
Pahang
Perak

207

Selangor
Dungun
Kemaman

208

Kuantan

Figure 6.19- Time series plots of the annual average relative humidity during the historical
(1970-2000) and the projected future (2010-2100) conditions for 13 watersheds in Peninsular
Malaysia. Future conditions are in terms of individual projections and the ensemble average
of the projections.
Coastal Region 1

Coastal Region 2

209

Coastal Region 3
Coastal Region 4
Coastal Region 5

210

Coastal Region 6
Coastal Region 7
Coastal Region 8

211

Coastal Region 9
Coastal Region 10
Coastal Region 11

212

Coastal Region 12

Figure 6.20- Time series plots of the annual average relative humidity during the historical
(1970-2000) and the projected future (2010-2100) conditions for coastal regions of Peninsular
Malaysia. Future conditions are in terms of individual projections and the ensemble average
of the projections.
a)

b)

Figure 6.21 - a) Long-term mean of the annual average relative humidity (%) during the
historical period (1970-2000), the early 21st century (2011-2040), the middle 21st century
(2041-2070), and the late 21st century (2071-2100), and b) the change in the long-term mean
of the annual average relative humidity from the historical period, to the early, middle, and
late 21st century for 13 watersheds and 12 coastal regions of Peninsular Malaysia.

213

Table 6.13 - Long-term mean of the annual average relative humidity (%) during the historical
period (1970-2000), the early 21st century (2011-2040), the middle 21st century (2041-2070),
and the late 21st century (2071-2100), and b) the change in the long-term mean of the annual
average relative humidity from the historical period, to the early, middle, and late 21st century
for 13 watersheds in Peninsular Malaysia.

Long-term mean Change from Historical period
Early Mid
Watershed Hist (2011- (2041- Late Early Mid Late
(1970- 2040) 2070) (2071-
Batu Pahat 2000) 88.44 88.85 2100) (2011- (2041- (2071-
Dungun 88.50 90.04 90.44 89.12
Johor 89.99 89.63 90.01 90.61 2040) 2070) 2100)
Kelang 89.71 85.07 85.55 90.28
Kelantan 84.86 86.82 87.32 85.84 -0.06 0.36 0.62
Kemaman 86.59 89.21 89.63 87.54
Kuantan 89.20 88.72 89.16 89.77 0.04 0.44 0.62
Linggi 88.70 85.62 86.10 89.33
Muar 85.56 87.31 87.82 86.34 -0.08 0.31 0.57
Muda 87.18 83.94 84.49 88.08
Pahang 83.55 85.83 86.33 84.74 0.21 0.69 0.98
Perak 85.54 85.34 85.83 86.48
Selangor 84.83 85.30 85.76 86.10 0.23 0.74 0.96
84.95 86.05
0.01 0.43 0.58

0.02 0.46 0.63

0.06 0.54 0.78

0.12 0.64 0.90

0.39 0.94 1.19

0.30 0.79 0.95

0.51 1.00 1.27

0.35 0.81 1.10

214

Table 6.14 - Long-term mean of the annual average relative humidity (%) during the historical
period (1970-2000), the early 21st century (2011-2040), the middle 21st century (2041-2070),
and the late 21st century (2071-2100), and b) the change in the long-term mean of the annual
average relative humidity from the historical period, to the early, middle, and late 21st century
for 12 coastal regions in Peninsular Malaysia.

Coastal Hist Long-term mean Late Change from Historical period
Region (1970- (2071-
2000) Early Mid 2100) Early Mid Late
Coastal (2011- (2041- (2011- (2041- (2071-
Region 1 2040) 2070) 2040) 2070) 2100)
Coastal
Region 2 86.97 87.10 87.64 87.88 0.14 0.67 0.92
Coastal
Region 3 88.63 88.70 89.14 89.35 0.07 0.51 0.72
Coastal
Region 4 89.25 89.22 89.62 89.82 -0.03 0.38 0.57
Coastal
Region 5 88.90 88.95 89.38 89.66 0.05 0.48 0.76
Coastal
Region 6 88.82 88.77 89.14 89.40 -0.06 0.32 0.58
Coastal
Region 7 87.93 87.87 88.31 88.56 -0.07 0.38 0.63
Coastal
Region 8 86.30 86.28 86.73 86.99 -0.01 0.44 0.69
Coastal
Region 9 85.48 85.57 86.07 86.33 0.09 0.59 0.85
Coastal
Region 10 85.13 85.35 85.76 86.06 0.22 0.63 0.93
Coastal
Region 11 85.13 85.54 86.00 86.30 0.40 0.87 1.17
Coastal
Region 12 83.70 84.17 84.65 84.92 0.48 0.96 1.22

83.87 84.15 84.68 84.96 0.28 0.81 1.09

6.2.4. Sabah and Sarawak

Time series plots of annual average relative humidity during the historical (1970-2000) and
the projected future (2010-2100) conditions for the subregions of Sabah (Beaufort, Beluran,
Kota Kinabalu, Kudat, Lahad Datu, Pitas, Sandakan, Sg Abai, Sg Kalabakan, Sg Kalumpang,
Sg Labuk, Sg Padas, Sg Papar, Sg Segama, Sg Sinsilog, Sg Sugut, Sg Tuaran, Sipitang,
Southern Sabah, Tawau, Trusan Kinabatangan) and Sarawak (Batang Balingian, Batang
Baram, Batang Kemena, Batang Kerian, Batang Lawas, Batang Lupar, Batang Mukah, Batang
Oya, Batang Rajang, Batang Sadong, Batang Samarahan, Batang Saribas, Batang Tatau,

215

Batang Terusan, Northern Sarawak, Sg Limbang, Sg Sarawak, Southern Sarawak) are
presented in Figures 6.22 and 6.23, respectively. Future conditions are presented in terms of
individual projections (for RCP2.6, 4.5, 6.0, 8.5) and the ensemble average of the projections.
The ensemble average of the annual average air relative humidity gradually increases during
the 21st century over each of the 39 subregions although the annual relative humidity in each
of the 16 projections has large fluctuations.

Figure 6.24 and Tables 6.15-6.16 show long-term mean of the annual average relative
humidity (%) during the historical period (1970-2000), the early 21st century (2011-2040),
the middle 21st century (2041-2070), and the late 21st century (2071-2100), as well as the
change in long-term mean of the annual average relative humidity from the historical period,
to the early, middle, and late 21st century for each of the 39 subregions in Sabah and Sarawak.

The long-term mean annual average relative humidity gradually increases toward the late 21st
century over each of the subregions. In comparison to the historical period, the change in the
long-term mean annual relative humidity over the subregions of Sabah varies from 0.0 percent
in Sg Segama to 0.8 percent in Sg Tuaran in the early 21st century, from 0.2 percent in Sg
Segama to 1.0 percent in Sg Padas in the middle 21st century, and 0.4 percent in Sg Segama
to 1.3 percent Kota Kinabalu in the late 21st century. In comparison to the historical period,
the change in the long-term mean annual relative humidity over the subregions of Sarawak
varies from 0.2 percent in Batang Balingian to 0.6 percent in Sg Limbang in the early 21st
century, from 0.4 percent in Batang Balingian to 0.8 percent in Sg Limbang in the middle 21st
century, and 0.7 percent in Batang Balingian to 1.0 percent in Sg Limbang in the late 21st
century.

Beaufort

216

Beluran
Kota Kinabalu
Kudat
Lahad Datu

217

Pitas
Sandakan
Sg Abai
Sg Kalabakan

218

Sg Kalumpang
Sg Labuk
Sg Padas
Sg Segama

219

Sg Sinsilog
Sg Sugut
Sg Tuaran
Sipitang

220

Southern Sabah

Tawau

Trusan Kinabatangan

Figure 6.22 - Time series plots of the annual average relative humidity during the historical
(1970-2000) and the projected future (2010-2100) conditions for subregions in Sabah. Future
conditions are in terms of individual projections and the ensemble average of the projections.

221

Batang Balingian
Batang Baram
Batang Kemena
Batang Kerian

222

Batang Lawas
Batang Lupar
Batang Mukah
Batang Oya

223

Batang Rajang
Batang Sadong
Batang Samarahan
Batang Saribas

224

Batang Tatau
Batang Terusan
Northern Sarawak
Sg Limbang

225

Sg Sarawak

Southern Sarawak

Figure 6.23 - Timeseries plots of the annual average relative humidity during the historical
(1970-2000) and the projected future (2010-2100) conditions for subregions of Sarawak .
Future conditions are in terms of individual projections and the ensemble average of the
projections.

226

a)

b)

Figure 6.24 - a) Long-term mean of the annual average relative humidity (%) during the
historical period (1970-2000), the early 21st century (2011-2040), the middle 21st century
(2041-2070), and the late 21st century (2071-2100), and b) the change in the long-term mean
of the annual average relative humidity from the historical period, to the early, middle, and
late 21st century for each of the 39 subregions in Sabah and Sarawak.

227

Table 6.15 - Long-term mean of the annual average relative humidity (%) during the historical
period (1970-2000), the early 21st century (2011-2040), the middle 21st century (2041-2070),
and the late 21st century (2071-2100), and b) the change in the long-term mean of the annual
average relative humidity from the historical period, to the early, middle, and late 21st century
for subregions in Sabah.

Long-term mean Change from Historical
period

Subregions in Sabah Hist Early Mid Late Early Mid Late
(1970- (2011- (2041- (2071- (2011- (2041- (2071-
Beaufort 2000) 2040) 2070) 2100) 2040) 2070) 2100)
Beluran 88.71 89.59
Kota_Kinabalu 90.81 89.12 89.33 91.47 0.40 0.62 0.88
Kudat 87.25 88.35
Lahad_Datu 88.86 90.99 91.30 89.91 0.18 0.49 0.67
Pitas 91.17 91.76
Sandakan 90.77 87.90 88.10 91.53 0.66 0.86 1.10
Sg_Abai 90.93 91.47
Sg_Kalabakan 89.85 89.43 89.68 90.93 0.57 0.82 1.05
Sg_Kalumpang 92.10 92.90
Sg_Labuk 91.75 91.29 91.53 92.48 0.12 0.36 0.58
Sg_Padas 90.76 91.55
Sg_Papar 90.22 91.05 91.34 91.31 0.29 0.58 0.76
Sg_Segama 90.84 91.69
Sg_Sinsilog 91.44 91.06 91.30 91.82 0.13 0.37 0.54
Sg_Sugut 91.27 92.16
Sg_Tuaran 91.51 90.59 90.75 92.31 0.74 0.90 1.08
Sipitang 88.62 89.69
Southern_Sabah 89.27 92.48 92.77 90.35 0.38 0.67 0.80
Tawau 90.60 91.60
Trusan_Kinabatangan 90.77 92.06 92.32 91.70 0.31 0.57 0.72
90.96 91.68
91.07 91.35 0.31 0.59 0.79

90.95 91.14 0.73 0.93 1.09

91.40 91.54 0.57 0.70 0.85

91.42 91.60 -0.02 0.16 0.38

91.67 91.93 0.40 0.66 0.88

91.84 92.12 0.33 0.62 0.80

89.36 89.52 0.74 0.90 1.08

89.91 90.11 0.64 0.84 1.08

91.16 91.48 0.56 0.88 0.99

91.25 91.56 0.49 0.80 0.93

91.23 91.50 0.27 0.54 0.72

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