CLOUDCOM SERIES: ICT HAND-OUT FOR J.H.S 1

CHAPTER 1: JHS ONE

FIRST YEAR – TERM ONE

 Introduction to personal computers
 Parts of personal computer
 Keyboard and mouse skills Review
 Turning on and off the computer
 Health and safety in using I.C.T. tools
 Introduction to manipulative keys
 Learning I.C.T. Tools

CHAPTER 2: FIRST YEAR: TERM TWO

 INTRODUCTION TO DESKTOP/ GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
 Launching an Application
 Window management
 Introduction to Word Processing Windows
 Editing Word Processing Document

CHAPTER 3: FIRST YEAR TERM THREE

 Formatting Text in Word Processing Document
 Managing File
 Computer Virus
 Copyright information infringement
 The internet and World Wide Web
 Technologies Used to access the internet.

INTRODUCTION TO PERSONAL COMPUTER

COMPUTER is an electronic device that accepts data, processing it and brings out data as information
and store the information for future retrieval.

BASIC COMPONENT OF COMPUTER

1. Monitor
2. System unit
3. Keyboard
4. Mouse

COMPUTERS CAN BE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO :
1. Types
2. Purpose
3. Capacity

TYPES OF COMPUTERS
1. Analog Computers, these computers are so named because they perform computations by setting

up physical situations that are analogous to mathematical situations. Examples are: thermometer,
Voltmetres and speadometre of cars.

2. Digital computer. They are basically counting device. It solves problems by counting precisely:

adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing and comparing. E.g laptops and palmtop computers

3. Hybrid computers: it combines analog and digital capabilities in the same computer system.

E.g calculator and Automated Teller Machine (ATM)

COMPUTER BY PURPOSE

There are two main purposes of computers:
 General purpose of computers: they are used to solve a wider range of problems.it is
normally used for tasks such as budgeting, payroll, banking, scientific, analysis, watching
movies and solving mathematics problems.
 Special purpose computers: this kind of computer is designed to perform a particular task
or restricted classes of problems. They are employed in manufacturing and designing in a
form of robots.

COMPUTERS BY CAPACITY

 Microcomputer or Personal Computer: this is the smallest version of computers and the
cheapest system. E.g. desktop computers, notebook and personal digital assistance.

 Minicomputers: these are larger and more powerful than the microcomputers. They are
physically small and less powerful than mainframe computers and are capable of
multiprogramming.

 Mainframe computers: is powerful than minicomputers. The mainframe computer is used
principally by large organizations such as Airlines, Hospitals, Manufacturing Companies and
computer service organizations.

 Supercomputers: they process complex scientific applications and are used in meteorological
analysis, aircraft design and complex structural engineering. They are expensive, powerful,
largest and faster as compared to the other types of computers.

DATA: are unprocessed facts, numbers, letters or symbols that are given to computer to process into
something meaningful.

INFORMATION: is a data which has been processed, classified, organized or interpreted within a
framework or context so that meaning emerges.

THE INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE

Information processing cycle is the systematic process whereby data is converted into meaningful
information.

All computers perform 5 basic operations that is: Input, processing, output, storage and communication
(IPOSC cycle)
input →processing → output → storage →communication or distribution.

Note: information processing cycle can be completed without communication or distribution stage.

Data stage, this is the first stage of the information processing cycle. At this stage raw or human readable
data is entering raw data into computer for processing. The devices used at this stage are: keyboard,
joystick, mouse, scanner, digital camera, web camera etc.

Processing stage: at this stage, data that are inputted into the computer are organized, manipulated and
structured to become information. Here the computer recognizes the machine readable data in the binary
format. The device that process the data at this stage is system unit (central processing unit)

The central processing unit C.P.U is the brain and heart of the computer. It performs all the calculations
and manipulations of the computer. The C.P.U is located inside the system unit. Examples of processors
are; Pentium, Core Duo, and centurion.

Output stage; at this stage the computer brings outcome of the data processed by the computer system.
The output device translates the binary digit into meaningful and processed fact on the computer which
can be read and understood by human beings. Devices used are; monitor printer and speaker.

Storage stage; at this stage the information is save for future use or retrieval. Devices used for storing
information are called storage devices. Example of storage device are pen drive, hard disk, floppy disk or
diskette, CD/DVD and Random Access Memory (RAM)
Communication; the communication function of the computer makes it possible for data to be shared
between two or more points/ location.

PARTS OF PERSONAL COMPUTER

The personal computer has two main components. These are;
 Hardware
 Software

HARDWARE
Computer hardware is the physical component of computer that we can see, touch and feel. Examples of
computer hardware are; mouse, keyboard, system unit, monitor, printer, hard disk etc.

Basic functions of hardware components
1. System unit is unit which contains or house the central processing unit to process the data feed
into computer to become information.

Note; most people refer to the system unit as the CPU, but they are two different things. The CPU
is found inside the system unit. The system unit and the CPU are like the head and the brain. The
brain is found inside the head but not the same as the head.
INSIDE THE SYSTEM UNIT

FRONT VIEW OF THE SYSTEM UNIT

BACK VIEW OF THE SYETEM UNIT/ PORTS

2. Keyboard; is used to enter raw data or information and commands into the computer for
processing.

3. Mouse is used to execute screen commands such as opening a document, turning off the
computer, we can also use mouse to select items.

4. Monitor, it displays the content of data processed by the computer.

SOFTWARE

Software is defined as a step- by-step instruction that tells the computer how to perform operation.
Software is also called programs.

Examples of software are Microsoft word, Ms. Excel, M.S windows, M.S Power Point etc.

TYPES OF SOFTWARE

1. Operating system/ system software.
2. Application software

Operating system / system software is a type of software that controls and manages the basic components
input and output devices of the computer. It provides an interface that helps the user to interact with the
computer system.

These interfaces are;
 Character user interface (C.U.I)
 Graphical user interface (G.U.I)
Examples of operating system are; window XP, window 7, window Vista, Linux, Mac OS, BIOS
Software, DOS, Assembler and compiler software, Device Driver Software and Window 98

APPLICATION SOFTWARE; is a type of software that enables the user to perform specific task. It is
also called End User Software.

Examples of Application software are;

 Microsoft Encarta
 Microsoft office 2007.
 Power DVD
 Coral Draw.
 Mavis Beacon

IMPORTANCE OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE

(1).Application software enables users to perform a specific task in our everyday activities.

(2).For communication among people through the internet.

(3).It is used for keeping records by storing the file for future use.

(4).For advertisement on radio and television.
(5).Application software is used accounting purpose that is, business and financial packages.

IMPORTANCE OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE

(1).Operating system software controls the basic input and output devices.
(2).For communication among people through the internet.
(3).The operating system helps us to start or boot our computer.

KEYBOARD AND MOUSE SKILLS REVIEW

Mouse is an input device which is used to select commands and objects when working in windows .It
is a pointing device and can be used for clicking, dragging, selection/highlighting. A typical mouse has 2 or 3
buttons. These are;

(1).Left button.
(2).Right button.
(3).The scroll or roller button.

The left button is used to click and double click to open a program. The right button is
used to display a shortcut menu on the desktop.

TYPES OF MOUSE
The types of mouse are;

(1).Mechanical or Rolling ball mouse; this mouse type has a ball under it which gives direction to

the mouse pointer on the screen.

(2).An optical mouse; this does not have a ball under it, rather it uses light.

3).wireless or cordless mouse; this type of mouse is not physically connected to the

computer.it uses infrared signals to communicate with the computer like a remote
WORDS TO NOTE:

Clicking; pointing to an item and using the mouse button to select it by pressing the button.

Single clicking; it means press and release the mouse button once.

Double clicking; means quickly press and release a mouse button twice (2) at the same time.

Right clicking; means press and release the right mouse button to activate the shortcut menu.

Dragging; means moving the mouse whiles holding down the right or left mouse button to
different positions.

Drop; means releasing the mouse button after dragging.

Scroll: simply roll the middle mouse button or wheel.

KEYBOARD SKILLS

Keyboard is an input device use to feed the computer with data.

The keys on keyboard have been divided into 5 groups. These are;
 Function keys
 Numeric keys
 Alphanumeric keys
 Arrow keys/ navigation keys
 Modifiers/ control keys.

IMPROVING YOUR TYPING SPEED

The best way to improve your typing speed is by using a typing software application. Examples
of typing software application are: TYPING TUTOR AND MAVIS BEACON.

Note: typing speed is measured in WORD PER MINUTE (WPM) meaning number of words you
can type in one minute. Also insist that pupils should use nine (9) fingers when typing.

HOW TO REGISTER ON MAVIS BEACON PROGRAM

 Click on create new user.
 Click on text on the welcome to class registration form.
 Type your name in the box provided and click on next.
 Choose your age group and click on next to continue.
 Select the 101 standard keyboard and click on next.
 Select standard and click on next.
 Type your typing goal in the box below, and then click next.
 Finally click on finish to finish your registration.

KEYBOARD SYMBOLS

Symbols on the keyboard which does not involve the application of shift key

- Semi colon ;

- Hash #

- Comma ,

- Full stop .

- Hyphen -

- Equal to =

- Slash /

- Single invented comma ‘

Examples of common sign/ symbols which involves the application of the shift keys

Exclamation !

Dollar $

Dwindle ~

Question mark ?

At @

Caret/ exponential sign ^

Percentage %

Less than <

Greater than >

KEYS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

KEYS FUNCTION

1. Backspace - is used to go back to erase an error on the left of the cursor.

2. Delete - is used to erase text or character in front of the cursor
3. Spacebar - it adds space by moving the cursor to right hand side.
4. Escape (ESC) -
5. Num lock - It is used to cancel commands or current task.
it is used to lock the numeric keypad when the light is on.
6. Caps lock
It is used to type numbers.

- it helps the user to type upper case and lower case (capital and
Small letters)

7. Arrow keys - it moves the cursor left, right, up and down direction

8. Home keys - it moves the insertion point/ cursor from its original position to the
beginning of the document
.
Manipulation keys - are keys that control and manage the programs on the computer.

Note; control keys provide cursor and screen control. The control keys allow the user to make large
jumps in most applications. Common control keys are; home, insert, page up, control (Ctrl), Escape, caps
lock. End, Delete, page Down, Alternate (Alt), enter and shift.

Importance of computer

I. It provides information.
II. For entertainment e.g. Games, music and watching movies.
III. For communication through internet.
IV. For learning and research work. E.g. using Microsoft Encarta.
V. For advertisement
VI. Computer is used for keeping records
VII. For performing complex calculation quickly.

TURNING ON AND OFF THE COMPUTER

COMPUTER BOOTING

Is the process of turning on the computer.
Types of booting

1. Cold booting

2. Warm booting.

Cold booting is the process of switching on the computer from the main switch.

Warm booting is the process of restarting the computer. The keyboard short cut of restarting the
computer is by pressing CTRL+ALT+DEL simultaneously on the keyboard.

HOW TO START YOUR COMPUTER

1. Turn on the main power supply
2. Press the power button on the monitor
3. Press the power button on the system unit.
4. Observe the booting process of the computer.

Shut down/ turning off the personal computer
1. Click on the start button
2. Select turn off computer
3. Select turn off in the turn off menu.
4. The computer will shut down automatically.
5. Press off the power button of the monitor to turn it off.

Health and safety in using i.c.t tools

I.C.T tools are equipment that makes it possible for information to be sent and received from one place to
another with ease.

Examples of i.c.t tools;
o Radio
o Computer
o Television
o Modem
o Mobile phone
o Public address system
o Microphone

Continuous use of i.c.t tools like computer, mobile phones television and others can cause lots of
health problems to the user.

Health hazards Associated with Long Term Exposure to I.C.T Tools
 Television: long exposure to television may affect your sight or vision. The light rays from the

television can cause tiredness or irritation in the eyes and headache.
 Public address system: its high volume damage the ear which prevent hearing.
 Mobile phone; long exposure to mobile phone use can cause eye cancer due to high radiation

from loudening tones. Leading to hearing impairment.
 Computer; long stay in front of computer can cause visual impairment and also cause

backache and waist pain.
 Radio; high volume damages ear mechanism leading to hearing impairment.
 X- rays; long term exposure to scanning machines, ultra- sound equipment and others can kill

some cells and can also cause cancer.

CAUSES OF THE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH LONG EXPOSURE TO I.C.T TOOLS

1. Sitting closure to i.c.t tools such as Television, computer etc.
2. Poor work station setup.
3. Sitting in the same position for a very long time.
4. Sitting on chair which does not have a good lower back support.
5. Constant repetition motion and long working hours.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR THE USE OF COMPUTER AND I.C.T Tools.

1. Adopt correct sitting position
2. Take regular break from working on your computer.
3. Position monitor to avoid glare ( not directly in front of the window)
4. Blink your eye anytime when you are using the computer.
5. Repairs monitors whose pictures cannot be seen properly.
6. Use screen shield or filters for monitors.
7. Use UPS and other electricity guards. UPS means uninterrupted power supply.

8. Do not use damage socket.

IN THE USE OF I.C.T TOOLS

I. Avoid answering calls when charging phone.
II. Do not over load socket
III. Avoid over staying in front of television.

IV. Minimize the volume of the radio or I.C.T

Note; Ergonomics {from Greek ergon (work) and nomoi (natural laws)}. Ergonomic is the study
of designing objects to be better adapted to the shape of the human body or to correct the human
posture. The purpose of ergonomics is to make working conditions and equipment safer and more
efficient.

A good posture is the process of sustaining with minimum of static muscular effort.

1. Keep your arms and wrist stable.
2. Keep your elbows and hand distance from your body.
3. Sit back in your chair comfortable and relax.
4. Keep your fingers close to the keyboard
5. Keep your foot flat on the floor never close your legs.

IMPORTANCE OF ICT TOOLS

1. For performing calculation
2. For sharing ideas (communication)
3. For distance learning.
4. For research work
5. For keeping records for future use.
6. For entertainment. E.g. for playing games and watching movies.

INTRODUCTION TO MANIPULATIVE KEYS

Manipulative keys are special keys which are not used to type alphabets, numbers, and symbols
rather used to manipulate data in the document.

The following are some manipulative keys and their uses;
SHIFT KEYS
There are 2 shift keys on the keyboard. There is one on the left hand sides and the other on the
right hand side. These keys have arrows on it pointing upwards.
Functions; shift key is used in combination with an alphabet keys for typing capital letters.

ENTER KEYS or RETURN KEYS
This key has an arrow that is bent downwards and pointing to the left.

FUNCTION/ USES
1. It is used to obey or accept command.

2. In document creation, it is used to move the cursor to the next line.(for paragraphing)

TAB KEYS
The tab keys are the key that has two opposite arrows shown on it. The top arrow points left and
the down arrow points right.

FUNCTION
It is used to advance the cursor to predetermined position.
It is used to indent paragraphs and align columns.

Note; a cursor is the blinking vertical line that you find in word applications and other text areas. It
shows where the next character will appear when typed.

DELETE KEY
This is the key which has word, ‘Delete’ or ‘Del’ written on it.

FUNCTION/USES It is used to delete or remove a character to the right of the blinking cursor. It
can also be used to delete items such as pictures and drawings from a document.

INSERT KEY
The insert key is an on/off key

FUNCTION
The insert key is used to insert text in an existing text.
BACKSPACE KEY
This is a key which has an arrow pointing to the left displayed on it. On some keyboards ‘backspace’ is
written on it.

FUNCTION

It is used to delete or remove character to the left of the blinking cursor each time it is pressed.
CAPLOCK KEY
This is the key on which is written, ‘caps lock’ or ‘caps’ the key is on/ off key.
FUNCTION
It is used for typing capital and small letters.
Note; status indicator lights are small three lights at the right corner of the keyboard.

LEARNING WITH I.C.T TOOLS

I.C.T Means information and communication technology.
ICT is the study, development and application of devices, machines and techniques for processing
information and aiding communication.

What are i.c.t tools?

I.C.T tools are equipment that makes it possible for information to be sent and received information.
Examples are; television, radio, Computer, mobile phone and calculator.

Areas Where I.C.T Tools is needed;
Health
Agriculture
Education
Market
Industries and others
Law
Banking
Home
Security

HOW I.C.T SUPPORT LEARNING
 ICT tool is used for accessing information.
 ICT tool aid in sharing ideas irrespective of the location.
 Also, I.C.T tool is used for calculations. Scientific calculators are now used to perform complex
calculations.
 I.C.T tool is used for distance education.
 It is used for illustrations. Examples architects and engineers used computer aid tools to design
building and other machines.

CHAPTER 2: FIRST YEAR- SECOND TERM

INTRODUCTION TO DESKTOP

Desktop is the background or the screen of the computer

FEATURES OF THE DESKTOP
1. Start button
2. Time
3. Icons
4. Taskbar

Taskbar is a bar which comes automatically with the desktop of the computer. Taskbar is found at
the bottom of the desktop. On the taskbar we can find the following;

Start button
Quick Launch Area
The Open programs area
System tray.(time, hidden icons)/Notification Area.

Quick launch area system tray

Start 2:00pm

The open program area

IMPORTANCE OF START BUTTON
It is used to open programs and view all installed programs.
It helps the user to select any program of his\her choice.

ICONS
Icons are the graphical representation of a file, program or folder.
File; they are icons which contains data stored electronically by a computer as a document
worksheet or programs.
Folders are icons which contain group of files, document, programs and other folders .Folders are
represented by a yellow icon.

DESKTOP ICONS AND THEIR USES

My computer this is an icon which contains all the disk drives that make up the computer
system such as floppy disk, printers and hard disk.
My document this is an icon which represent all saved text materials including pictures and
worksheet.
Recycle bin it contains deleted files, documents and folders using windows.
Internet explorer this displays pages on the world wide web(WWW) or connect you to the
internet.

LAUNCHING APPLICATION PROGRAM

Launching application program means open a program for use. Basically we have two (2) ways
of launching application program.

 Launching a program from the desktop
 Launching a program using a start menu.

How to launch an application from the desktop

There are 3 ways of launching application from the desktop.

1. DOUBLE CLICK
Move the mouse pointer over the icon
Double click on the icon to launch the application.

2. USING RIGHT CLICK:
Move the mouse pointer over the icon.
Right click on the icon.
Click on open to launch the application.

3. USING THE ENTER KEY
Locate the icon you want to launch.
Click on the icon to highlight or select it.
Press the ENTER key to open the icon

HOW TO LAUNCH AN APPLICATION USING THE START MENU
i. Click on the start button located on the taskbar
ii. Select All Programs from the start menu
iii. Double click on the application you want to launch from the pop up menu.

Note: installation is the process of preparing and setting up software on a computer.

PRACTICAL LESSONS

LAUNCHING WORDPAD USING START MENU
Click on start button on the taskbar.
Select All Programs from the menu.
Select Accessories.
Click on Word pad from the sub menu.

LAUNCHING MICROSOFT WORD USING START MENU
1. Click on start menu on the taskbar
2. Select All programs from the menu.
3. Select Microsoft office.
4. Click on Microsoft word 2003 or2007 from the office suit

WINDOW MANAGEMENT

The computer allows you to do more than one thing at the same time. You can play music with
media player and open a word processing application to type a letter. In such situations, you need
to be able to manage all opened applications very well. With proper windows management you
can perform a lot of tasks at the same time. We normally used the control box (minimize,
maximum/restore and close) buttons to manage our windows on the computer.

Functions of the Features on the Title Bar.
Title bar is the horizontal bar which contains icons such as minimize, maximize/restore and close
buttons which displays the current name in which the user is working on. Title bar is found on the
top most part of the open window.

W M.S word Doc 1

The window icon:
This is a small icon located on the most corner extremely left of the title bar.
Function/uses

It is used to display a control menu which you can use to; restore, move, minimize or close
the window.

Window Title or Name:
This is the text that is displayed on the title bar.
Function/uses
It displays the name of the location on the folder.

Minimize Button;
This is the first button among the three buttons at the left corner of the title bar. It has a
small horizontal bar in the shape of a minus displayed on it. [-]

Function/ uses
It is used to drop an opened window to the taskbar so that you can work on other windows.

Maximum and Restore Button:
This is the middle button of the three buttons on the title bar which has mini window
symbol in it.

Functions/uses;
The maximize button is used to enlarge the window to take its maximum size. The Restore
button resizes the window to take its minimum size.

Close Button:
The close button is the button normally located at the extreme right corner of the title bar
with “X” on it.

Function
It is used to close window and exit the application window.

INTRODUCTION TO WORD PROCESSING WINDOW

A word processing application is used for creating text-based document such as letters,
report, newsletters and memos.
Word processing application works like the traditional typewriter but with more advance
functions. The most common word processing application is Microsoft Word. Others
include:

- Word pad
- Word perfect

How to Launch MS Word from the Start Menu.
 Click on the start button to open the start menu.
 Click on All program.
 From the pop-up menu click on Microsoft Office.
 From the office suite or sub menu Click on Microsoft Office Word.
 Microsoft Office Word will finally open.

FEATURES OF MICROSOFT WORD/ WORD PROCESSING DOCUMENT
1) Title bar: this is a tool bar located at the top most of the window which displays the current name
or heading of document the user is working on.
W M.S word Doc 1

2) Menu bar.: menu bar is the tool that contains items such as file, view, edit which allows the user
to choose from the menu.

: File Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help

4. Standard tool bar: standard tool bar is a tool bar which contains item such as cut, undo, redo and
save which helps the user to execute command by a single click.

4 Formatting tool bar: is a tool bar which contains item such as Bold (B), Italic (I), Underline
(U_) which helps the user to change the appearance of the text.

Arial 12 B U

5. Status bar: it displays the current page or sheet the user is working on.
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3

6. Horizontal/ vertical ruler: the horizontal ruler which has grid of measuring unit used
to set the page margin of the document when typing.

Horizontal ruler

Vertical ruler

Note: scroll bar is used to navigate or scroll through our document to top and down or right to left.
7. Task pane: is a rectangular window at right hand side of open application window it
comes automatically when we launch a program. It contains clip board.

8. Cursor (I): Is the blinking vertical bar which indicates the insertion pointer in a text
or field.

TYPING WORD PROCESSING DOCUMENT

Typing is the process of entering text from the keyboard.

Cursor is the blinking vertical bar which indicates the insertion pointer in a text area or field.

When the mouse is moved to a text area it changes from the normal arrow to a bar which looks like
capital I called the Insertion Beam.

Insertion pointer is a blinking vertical bar on the screen that marks the location at which the inserted text
appears.

Different Mouse Symbols In a Text Area

Normal mouse pointer =

Cursor =I

Insertion Beam =I

Saving Word Document

In order to store your word for future use, you have to save it, if you don’t save your work, it
means you will not be able to retrieve it again in future when you need it.

There are two main ways you can save your document.
SAVE; Save is used to save new changes to an already saved document. The save command does
not bring up any dialog box.
SAVE AS; Save as is used to save a newly created document for the first time.

How To Save Using Save as;
 Click on file from the menu bar.
 Click on save as from the menu.
 The save as dialog box will display.
 Type the name you want to give to your file.
 Select the location you want to save your file or document to example, My Document.
 Click on the save button or enter key to save your work.

What Is Window Explorer

Window explorer is a tool used to manage files, folders and programs on the computer.
How To Use Windows Explorer;

 Click on the start button on the task bar.
 In the search area of the start menu, type windows explorer and press the enter key.
 The windows explorer program will open the default folder for saving files, which is

called documents.
 Files and folders of similar contents then can be moved from one folder into another using

drag and drop action of the mouse or copy or cut and paste commands.

EDITING WORD PROCESSING DOCUMENT

Editing is the process of correcting mistakes and ensuring accuracy in a document.
Opening an Existing Document
An already saved document on a computer can be opened so that changes can be made on it.
How to open an Existing Document.
Existing document can be opened in different ways:

You can open a saved word document from the desktop by simply double clicking on its icon.
By clicking on the icon and then pressing the Enter Key.
By selecting it, Right clicking on icon and click on open from the pop up menu.
You can open a word document by using windows explorer.
A double click on my document icon on Desktop and double clicking on the icon of the
document.

Editing a Word Document

Spelling and Grammar Check:
The spelling and grammar check enables us to make the necessary corrections to our text. Most
word processing applications come with an in-built dictionary that can verify any word that you
type. For instance any word not found in word applications dictionary will be underlined with a
red line. Similarly grammatical errors are also underlined with a green line.
How to Use the Spelling and Grammar Check

Right click on the text with the error and choose one of the available spelling or grammar
suggestions.
It can also be done by selecting the whole document.

Tools found in the Spelling and Grammar Check Dialog Box.

1. ERROR BOX: this tool displays the error.
2. SUGGESTIONS BOX: this box gives you some suggestions relating the error in the error box.
3. IGNORE ONCE: clicking on this button ignores as reported error only once.
4. IGNORE ALL: this is used to ignore an error which has occurred several times in a text.
5. ADD TO DICTIONARY: click on this button to add a new word to the word application

dictionary to avoid it being reported as an error next time you use it.
6. CHANGE: it is used to change all errors in the error box.
7. CHANGE ALL: it is used to change all errors which are the same as the one reported in the error

box.
8. AUTO CORRECT: it is used to let word application choose one of the suggested items for you.
9. CHECK GRAMMAR: This button is used to check grammatical errors as well as spelling.
10. UNDO AND REDO COMMANDS: Undo allows you to reverse an undo action you perform in

your document. Redo is used to reverse an undo action. This is done to bring a deleted item back.
11. SAVING AN EDITED DOCUMENT: after editing your document, you need to resave the

document to save the changes.

HOW TO SAVE AN EDITED DOCUMENT:

Click on file on the menu bar.
On the file, click on save.

Note: you can also simply click on the save button on the standard toolbar.

CHAPTER 3; FIRST YEAR _TERM 3

COMPUTER VIRUS

Computer virus is a program which prevents or disrupts the normal operation of computer.
Computer virus can also be defined as illegal program that migrate through the networks and operating
system which may destroy programs or data on a computer.

EXAMPLE OF COMPUTER VIRUS
1. Jerusalem Israeli
2. Stone
3. Form
4. I love you virus
5. Bouncing ball
6. Computer ogre
7. Red state
8. Pretoria
9. Matura 92

GENERAL TYPES OF COMPUTER VIRUS
1. Worm virus
2. Trojan Horses
3. E-mail
4. Bomb virus
5. Polymorphic virus

 File virus these are also called parasitic virus .They attach themselves to executable file (file that
actually begin a program).

 Worm virus is a small piece of software that uses computer networks and security holes to
replicate itself.

 Electronic Mail (E-mail) it moves around in e-mail messages and usually replicates itself by
automatically mailing itself dozens of people in the victim’s e-mails.

 Trojan Horses this program claim to do one thing (it may claim to be a game) but instead does
damage when you run it (it may erase your Hard disk).

SOURCES OF COMPUTER VIRUS

1. Copying programs from unsafe sources into your computer.
2. Downloading information such as music, video, games, picture from the internet.
3. By using infected diskette and pen drive.
4. Using virus infected programs for installation.
5. Sharing foreign removable storage devices.

EFFECT OF VIRUS ON THE COMPUTER
 Virus can corrupt the programs on the computer both application and operating system.
 It leads to ineffective booting.
 They corrupt the files stored on the computer.
 It may affect the memories of computer to become improper functioning.

ANTI-VIRUS

Anti-virus are special written programs which are used to fight computer virus.

EXAMPLES OF ANTI-VIRUS

1. Dr. Solomon toolkit.
2. Avast anti-virus.
3. E-safe.
4. Smart cop.
5. IBM Anti-virus.
6. Panda Anti-virus.
7. Sunday Anti-virus
8. Magic Bullet
9. Central point
10. Rising Anti-virus,
11. AVG Antivirus

HOW TO PROTECT THE COMPUTER AGAINST VIRUS

1. Always update your anti-virus program.

2. Avoid sharing foreign removable storage devices.

3. Make a regular backup from the hard disk.

4. Protect or scan all floppy disk before use.

5. Check all software for virus before installation on the hard disk.

6. Install anti-virus program on your computer.

COPYRIGHT

Copyright is an exclusive right granted by the government giving to the owner production against illegal
reproduction by others in the owners’ written work and designs. This implies that copyright prevents
people from copying or reproduce some ones work or invention such as books, films, computer, software
etc. without the consent or the permission of the original owner. Copyright has a legal life of fifty (50)
years plus the life of the creater (owner) and this gives the right to publish or sell and control a poem,
pictures, music, books and films.

SOME ITEMS/PRODUCT THAT COPYRIGHT PROTECT
 Computer software or programs. E.g. Mavis Beacon.
 Artistic work and design.
 Literacy work such as books, poems and articles.
 Sound recording.
 Audio and visual work such as music and video films.

REASON FOR COPYRIGHT PROTECTION
 To provide evidence of ownership.
 To protect the works of people such as music and books.
 To encourage people to come out of new invention or idea.
 To prevent piracy. Piracy is the stealing or unauthorized copying and distribution of product.
 To maintain a record of work for future reference.

Examples of Copyright Laws in Ghana

1. Playing songs without compensation to the owner. This normally happens on the

broadcasting industries.

2. Hiring movies (films) to other people.

3. Burning copyright songs/films for other people.

4. Patent, a right granted by the government giving the owner the exclusive right to produce,

sell, lease or otherwise benefit from an invention.

Copyright infringement occurs when someone breaks the copyright law. OR it occurs when a person
copies and sells products of other without the owner’s permission.
Effect of Breaking Copyright law

1. Fines 2. Imprisonment 3. The product/items can be seized by the government 4. The
person can be ordered by the court of law to stop producing the product.

NOTE:
Plagiarism: it is the process of taking another person’s work, ideas, or words, and using them as if they
were your own without acknowledging the rightful owner or stating that this is where it came from.
Trademark: a name, symbol or designs that belongs to a particular company and is used on its products.

FORMATTING TEXT IN WORD PROCESSING DOCUMENT

Formatting refers to changing the appearance or position of text in a document such as font type, font
type, font colour, italics and under line to appear nice or presentable as one desire. In other words
formatting simple refers to changing the appearance or position of text in a document.

 Font or font type; it refers to appearance of text in the document.
 Font size; it is used change the size of the character or text.
 Alignment is the act or process of changing the position of a text to do left, right, center or justify

on the screen.
HOW TO BOLD A TEXT (Ctrl+B)

 Highlight the text or word you want to bold.
 Right click on the highlighted word or text.
 Click on the Bold icon on the formatting toolbar.
 Click inside the page to remove the highlight.
HOW TO APPLY UNDERLINE (Ctrl+U)
 Highlight the text.
 Click on underline icon (U) on the formatting toolbar.
 Click inside the page to remove the highlight.

HOW TO APPLY FONT SIZE
 Highlight the text.
 Click on font size icon on the formatting toolbar.
 Select the font size from the drop down menu.
 Remove the highlighting.

HOW TO APPLY FONT COLOUR
 Highlight the text to be copied.
 Click on font colour from the drop down menu.
 Select the desired font colour.
 Removing the highlighting.

SAVING A DOCUMENT FOR THE FIRST TIME
 Click on file on the menu toolbar.
 Select save as in the file menu.
 Save as dialogue box will appear then select save in the area.
 Type the desire name of the file.
 Click on save.

THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB

Internet: is a collection of computer networks that operate to a common standard and enable information
to be exchange between computers anywhere in the world.

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
It works by passing data using the transmission transfer protocol or the internet protocol (TTP/IP) from
one computer to another. Such coordination is possible because every computer connected to the internet
uses the same rules and procedures (known as protocol) .To control the way data is formatted and
transmitted between computers. The protocols used by the internet are called Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocols. All computers connected to the internet are maintained by large organization
and corporation as well as by Internet Service Provider (ISP). The ISPs sell internet subscription to the

public. A user subscribes to service providers which gives the user an identity user name and a password
and a phone number.

COMPUTER NETWORK

Computer network is when two or more computers are connected together that allows the computers to
communicate and share information.

When few computers are connected in small places such as building or school, it is called a LOCAL
AREA NETWORK (LAN). If two or more LANS are connected together to cover a large area they are
called WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN). The largest WAN in the world is the INTERNET.

SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE INTERNET:
 World Wide Web (W.W.W or W3): allows you to view documents on the internet.
 Online Charting: allows you to have live text chart with people all over the world.
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP): it allows user to transfer files from one computer to another.
 Electronic Mail(E-Mail) allows you to send and receive messages through internet
 Voice telephone or Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP): it helps people to send and receive voice
messages through the internet.

NOTE THE FOLLOWING AS USED ON THE INTERNET
 Chart Rooms: is an area on the web where many people come together to communicate

online. The conversations are in real time and are visible to everyone in the chart room.
 Newsgroup: it also sometime called threaded discussions or discussion groups. Built around

topics or interests, participants read entries from other participants and respond, each
respondent adding something new to the discussion, creating a tread.
 WEBLOGS: weblog or blogs are a way for anyone to post their thoughts for public viewing.

INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP)

Is a special organization that provides access to the internet. Examples of Internet Service providers in
Ghana include:

a. U-com

b. Ghana telecom now Vodafone
c. Zip–Net

d. Africa online and Internet Ghana.

e. Network Computer Systems(NCS)
Note; - internet is not owned by any organization or individuals.
Though internet is not owned by anybody, however there are several organizations which
propose standards and guidelines for the smooth running of the internet. They however do not
control it. E.G of such organizations are; THE INTERNET SOCIETY and WORLD WIDE
WEB CONSORTIUM (W3C).
WORLD WIDE WEB: is an interconnected system of pages of document containing texts,
images, and sounds and video that can be accessed through the internet. It simply called WEB.
Example of web address are: www.ghana.gov.gh(official website for Ghana), www.google.com
etc.
USES OF WEB
For charting online
For downloading software
Used for obtaining news
It aids shopping.
For performing research
For checking exams results
For arranging travel plans
For distance learning.

WEB BROWSER

A web browser is software that is used for displaying and viewing information on the internet. OR Web
browser is software that enables us to browse through and view web sites.

Examples of web browsers are, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Microsoft internet Explorer and Netscape.
The features of web Browsers;
Though we have different types of browsers, there are some features that are common to most of them,
some are: Address bar, Forward, Back, Stop, Reload/Refresh and Print

Functions of the features of web browser

Address bar: - this is where you type in a web page address.

Forward: - it enables you to go to a previous opened web page.

Back: - it is used to go back to a previous opened web page.

Stop: - it is used to stop loading a web page.

Refresh: - it used to reload the current web page.

Print: - it is used to print the current web page.

How to launch/ Open a web browser

1. Click the start button to display the start menu
2. Click the Internet Explorer to open its window

3. Delete the existing address in the address bar.
4. Type the address of the web page you want to browse or view.
5. Press the Enter key on your keyboard.

Note; for existing web page just click on CLOSE button on the title bar of the web browser.
IMPORTANCE OF INTERNET

1. For communication i.e. sending and receiving information.
2. For teaching and learning.
3. For performing research work.
4. For checking examination result.
5. Obtaining news.
6. For chatting.
7. For down loading information.
8. For distance learning.
9. For entertainment.

Disadvantages of the internet

1. It is expensive
2. It serves as a source of pornographic materials
3. Internet has increase computer fraud(419)
4. It has help in the spread of computer virus.
5. No barrier – confidential information can be tapped
Password is a secret code that we use to open a particular program.

TECHNOLOGIES USED TO ACCESS INTERNEt

The technologies used to access the internet are:
I. Computers: the traditional way of connecting to internet is the use of computer.

Advantage it has is that:

- Computer has convenient for broad band internet connections.

- It has large screens which make viewing of images more appealing.

- It has large capacities which can even be extended with the use of external hard disk to afford
large data downloads.

- It has access to printer that affords to produce hard copies of information from the internet.

II. Mobile devices: include mobile phone and Personal Digital Mobile Assistance( P.D.A)

III. Satellite

IV. Telephones

V. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

VI. Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Revolution(EDGE)

THE TECHNOLOGIES USED TO CONNECT TO THE INTERNET

1) Telephone lines: it is connection that needs telephone lines and a modem.
2) Satellite connection: this technology connection to internet allows you to connect to the internet

via a satellite in space. To use this kind of technology, you must purchase the connection
hardware as well as subscribe to the service.
3) Modem (means Modulator and Demodulator): is a piece of electronic equipment that allows
information from one computer to be sent along telephone wires to another computer.
4) General Pocket Radio Service: this technology connection allows mobile phone and devices to
send and receive data.
5) WEB TV: this provides web and E-mail access through ordinary television sets. The connection is
made through a custom high- speed modem. To use this service, one must purchase a special set-
top unit for your TV, and subscribe to the connection service.
6) Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Revolution (EDGE): this is an enhanced form of GPRS that
allows you to send and receive data on your mobile phones faster.

B.E.C.E 2015 SECTION B

(a) In the space provided below, draw a well labelled computer mouse.

6marks

(b) Outline the steps involved in performing the following tasks:
I. Opening a document; …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6marks
ii. Saving a new created document;
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6marks
iii. Changing the desktop of personal computer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………6marks
2. Identify the following ICT tools:

(a) (d)

………………………………………………………2marks ………………………………………………………2marks
(b) (e)

………………………………………………………………2marks ………………………………………………………….2marks
(c) (f)

…………………………………………………………………2marks …………………………………………………………2marks

3. State two differences between

a) Random access memory and read only memory;
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4marks

b) Hard disk and pen drive:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4marks
c) File and folder ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4marks
4. (a) Explain the term clicking as used in the computing environment. ………………………………………………………3marks
(b) in a typical application window, list two command buttons that are found on the control menu. ………
2marks

(c) What is screen tip? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3marks
(d) Describe a computer mouse pad. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….4marks
5. State the uses of the following email terminologies:
(a) Carbon Copy ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3marks
(b) Blind Carbon Copy
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3marks
(c) To; …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3marks
(d) Subject. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3marks

SECTION A

1. Which of the following computer keyboard keys is used to type upper case letters when the caps
lock light is off? A) control key B) enter key C) insert keys D) shift keys.

2. Which of the following devices are used to feed a computer system with data? A) keyboard
and monitor B) keyboard and mouse C) mouse and monitor D) mouse and printer.

3. A computer accepts data input, processes the data and produces A) byte B) data C) output. D)
storage.

4. The component of computer that houses the motherboard and the power supply unit is called A)
central processing unit B) monitor C) printer D) system unit.

5. Which component of computer resembles the typerwriter? A) keyboard B) monitor C) mouse D)
webcam

6. The optical storage media among the following is A) compact disc B) floppy disk C) hard disk

D) magnetic disk.

7. Which of the following media stores data temporarily? A) floppy disk B) hard disk C) random

access memory D) read only memory

8. Which of the following devices must be turned on first when booting the computer? A) central

processing unit B) monitor C) printer D) system unit.

9. The part of the central processing unit responsible for performing all logical operations is A) ALU

B) CU C) RAM D) ROM

10. When files and folders are deleted from the computer, they go into the A) briefcase

B) desktop. C) delete bin D) recycle bin

11. Which of the following gives the user a log of all opened programs? A) start button B) start

menu C) task bar D) title bar

12. Which of the following would happen when a user double clicks on a folder? A) a sub-folder

would be created B) the folder would be closed C) the folder would be deleted D) the folder

would be opened

13. Dragging a folder from one drive to a window on the same drive is equivalent to a A) copy

operation B) cut operation C) delete operation D) move operation.

14. The process whereby the computer manipulates data to produce information is known as A)

capturing. B) processing C) recording D) retrieving

15. The stages of information processing cycle under ICT are A) input, output, process and

distribution. B) input, process, output, distribution. C) input, process, distribution and output. D)

input, distribution, output and process.

16. Which of the following is a problem to computer users as a result of radiation from the monitor?

A) body pains B) dizziness C) eye irritation D) loss of grip strength

17. Which of the following is a reason for copying ICT tools or technologies? A) to avoid

distribution of viruses B) to encourage people to make illegal copies C) to protect the intellectual

works of the inventors. D) to ensure poorer people do not have access to ICT tools.

18. Which of the following is a bad practice in the usage of ICT tools? A) making or receiving phone

calls whilst driving. B) not receiving phone calls when charging it. C) use of air conditioning to

improve dry atmosphere. D) use of footstools to adjust leg positioning when working on

computers.

19. To search for information on various topics, which of the following packages is used? A) data

base B) Encarta C) presentation D) spreadsheet

20. If a user places the mouse cursor at one end of a text, holds down the left button and drag to the

other end of the text, the effect will be A) copying the text B) cuuting the text C) moving the

text D) selecting the text.

21. To underline selected text(s) under a word processing environment, use the shortcut keys A) Ctrl

+U B) shift+U C) Alt+U D) insert+U

22. A collection of separate windows applications sold as a group is called A) command B)

communication C) integrated D) suite

23. Adding 3-D effect to an object is done through the A) auto formatting dialogue box B) drawing

toolbar C) formatting toolbar D) graphic styles menu

24. Which of the following options is required to save a document with a different name? A) file,

new B) file, close C) File, Save D) file, Save As

25. The process of automatically moving an entire word to start the next line in a word processing

program is called A) text wrap B) text movement C) word wrap D) word movement

26. In the symbols H2O, the 2 appears as a A) number B) positive integer C) subscript D)

superscript

27. The shift key on a computer keyboard is used to A) erase B) toggle cases of letters C) insert a

space into a word document D) type a word rather than a character

28. Which of the following document views will enable a user to view a document as it will appear

on a printed page? A) Normal View B) Outline View C) Print layout view D) Web layout view

29. The print preview button is located on which of the following toolbars? A) drawing toolbar B)

formatting toolbar C) header/footer toolbar D) standard toolbar

30. Which of the following is an icon on the drawing toolbar? A) arrows B) change case C) drop

cap D) text direction

31. Transferring data from a local computer to a remote computer is referred to as A) downlinking

B) downloading C) uplinking D) uploading

32. In computing, an element which links from one document to another or within the same document

is called A) hyperlinks B) pointer C) web browser D) web page

33. Information printed on paper is referred to as A) carbon copy B) hard copy C) printed

copy D) soft copy.

34. The button that opens a dialogue box for users to create an email message is A) back B)
compose C) create D) Refresh

35. Computer virus is capable of A) enhancing the contents of a file B) maintaining the computer
system C) making the work of the computer easy D) slowing down the computer system
performance.

36. In an email environment, the acronym BCC refers to A) Bland Carbon Copy B) Bulk Carbon
Copy C) Blind Carbon Copy D) Back Up

37. A computer program that enable users to surf the internet is called A) internet surfer B) web
browser. C) web navigation D) web surfer

38. Specialized programs that assist a user to locate information on the internet is called A)
electronic mail B) search engine C) web browser D) web portal

39. The sign which represents an insertion of a formula in a spreadsheet program is A) = or + B)
= or - C) = or * D) = or /

40. Which of the following terms in a spreadsheet is identified by a letter and a number?
A) Column B) Cell C) Range D) Row

REFERENCES

 M.O.E/ C.R.D.D. (2007) Information and communication technology syllabus for
J.H.S, pg 1-15

 M.O.D / C.R.D.D (2008) Information and communication technology pupils book 1
for J.H.S pg 22-105

 N’adom series ( 2013) I.C.T for school pg 79-85
 I.C.T for Top up student ( 2007) pg 14-21

JHS TWO

CONTENT

TERM 1

1) Basic Storage Devices of a Computer
2) Basic Input and Output Devices
3) Creating Folders
4) Typing Keyboard Symbols

TERM 2

5) Internet Etiquette(Netiquette)
6) Creating E-mail Account
7) Editing Word Processing Document
8) Formatting Text in Word Processing

TERM 3

9) The Use of the Drawing Toolbar in Word Processing.
10) Inserting Pictures in Word Processing Document.
11) Printing a Word Processing Document.
12) Browsing through Web pages Using Hyperlinks
13) Accessing Information from Educational Software.

BASIC STORAGE DEVICES OF COMPUTER

Storage devices are devices that can be used to store data/information temporarily or
permanently and at the same time retrieve information from them.

OR

A storage device is a device used for storing information so that it can be retrieved and used at
a later time.

The purpose of storage is to hold data permanently

TYPES OF BASIC STORAGE DEVICES

I. Hard drive
II. Floppy disc drive
III. CD Rom
IV. Pen drive

Storage involves two processes

1. Reading and retrieving: reading is the process of retrieving information from a storage
device.

2. Writing: writing is the process of storing information on a storage device

The physical materials on which data is stored are called storage media devices e.g. Diskette,
pen drive. While storage devices help to read from and write data to storage media.

There are two main categories of storage technology used today. They are:

a. Magnetic storage e.g. Diskette, hard disk, high capacity, floppy disk, cartridges disk and
magnetic tapes. The surface of these is coated with millions of tiny ion particles which
allow data to be stored on them.
EXAMPLES:

I. Diskettes: a floppy disk is a circular plastic disk coated with magnetically sensitive. They
are packaged in B1/2-inch hard plastic cases. A sliding metal shutter protects the disk
from finger prints dust and dirt.

II. Hard disks: it is by far most important storage element and the largest storage devices
with highest capacity. A hard disk is a magnetic storage device which contains one or
more metal plates or disks called platters that store information. They are made of a
rigid material such as aluminum. Each platter is covered with a magnetic coating and
entire unit is encased in a sealed chamber. Unlike the diskettes, where the disks and its
drive are separated, the hard disk and drive is a single unit. It includes the hard disk,
the motor that spins the platters, and a set of read/write heads. Because you cannot
remove the disk from the drive (unless it is a removable or external hard disk).
The terms hard disk and hard drive are used interchangeably. A DISK is the physical
device on which information is stored. E.g. floppy disk, CD, DVD, Blue-ray disk, etc while
a DRIVE is the device used for writing (storing) and reading (retrieving) information
from a disk. Example includes floppy drive, CD/DVD, and Zip drive.
Hard disk storage capacities are measured in megabytes or gigabytes. A disk that can
store 8.4GB for example has room for more than 8,400,000,000 bytes. This
corresponds to more than 2 million pages of printed texts. A full installation of
Microsoft windows 98 requires 200MB space.

Types of hard disk
1. Internal hard disk drive: it is placed inside the system unit and stores the operating

system of the computer as well as other programs and user files.
2. External hard disk drive looks and works almost like the internal one but is

connected outside the system unit through a cable. The external hard disk drive is
portable and can be carried from one computer to another.
b. Optical storage.
(Here we talk of secondary storage which provides permanent or non-volatile storage)
Optical storage device stores data on reflective surface on the disks surface to represent
digital data. Examples are:
i. CD ROM DRIVE: this is an optical drive, which enable computer to read data from
computer disk. Using a standard CD-ROM drive and compact disk, the computer can
only read data from the disk and cannot write data to the disk.

(CD-R) compact Disk Recordable
(CD-RW) Compact Disk Rewritable

(DVD) Digital Versatile Disk

CD-R:
As the name implies the CD- Recordable comes prerecorded and information is
provided for the user to read without any alteration. They can store up to 650MB or
700MB, 74 minutes or 80 minutes respectively.

Recordable CD-(CD-R): A ‘write- once’ optical storage technology that uses CD-R
drives to record data on CD-R discs. Once you have recorded data and write new
data as you please, you cannot ERASE the stored data or make any changes on
write over the disk again. The surface of a CD-R is usually silver- white in colour.

Rewritable CD-(CD-RW): a read/write optical storage technology that uses a CD-R
or CD-RW discs. You can erase the recorded data and write new once as you please.
The surface of a CD-RW is usually dark- brown in colour.

D.V.D or Digital Versatile Disk: It is high-density medium capable of storing 17
times the data on the normal CD.
ii. USB FLASH DRIVE: A small device used to store information. USB flash drives plug
into computer USB ports so that you can copy information to or from them making
it easy to share and transport information. It comes in various storage capacities
120MG, 256MG, 512MG, 1Gig etc. An example is the Pen drive.
iii. Flash memory cards: A device used by many digital cameras and mobile phones to
store pictures and videos. Flash memory cards store computer information such as
text pictures, and music and can be copied, erased and used many times.

NOTE:

Storage capacity is the amount of information that can be stored on a storage device.
Storage capacity is measured in bytes. A byte is a group of 8bits. A bit is a zero(0) or
one(1) The smallest unit of data the computer can take is Bit.

- 8bits ………………………………………..1bytes

-1024bytes………………………………… 1kilobyte (KB)

Note; 1024 bytes can be rounded to one thousand (1000) bytes for the sake of
simplicity.

-1000KB ……………………………………. 1 Megabyte (MB) ‘Is roughly 1million bytes.’

-1000MB …………………………………… 1 Gigabyte (GB) ‘roughly 1billion bytes.’

-1000GB ……………………………………. 1 Terabyte.

Burning: is the process of writing or copying information onto a CD or D.V.D.
Ripping: is the process of coping information from a CD or DVD.

MP3: is a compressed audio format that has gained huge popularity. MP3 files can be
stored on any type of CD or DVD. Remember that MP3 is not a storage disk.

USES AND IMPORTANCE OF STORAGE DEVICES

1. They are used for making back-up copies of important information. Note: back-up
means copy of any information on a computer stored on storage devices.

2. Storage devices make it possible to produce and distribute commercial software.
3. Storage devices are used for transferring information between computers
4. They are used for storing software and information that you do not need to use

immediately.

QUESTIONS

B.E.C.E 2011

OBJ. Q6. Which of the following devices has the largest storage capacity?
A. digital versatile disk B. Compact Disk C. floppy Disk D. Hard Disk

B.E.C.E 2013

OBJ. Q4. In which of the following are the storage devices arranged on the basis of lowest to
the highest. A. CD, DVD, Flash Disk and Hard Disk B. floppy disk, Hard disk, DVD, CD C. floppy
disk, CD, DVD, and hard disk. D. floppy disk, DVD, CD, and Hard disk

B.E.C.E 2013

Obj. Q5. A pen drive……………. A) inputs information B) puts out information C) retrieves
information D) stores information

1. Which of the following computer drives is also referred to as drive A:/ a) floppy drive
b) hard drive c) CD/DVD drive d) pen drive

2. Which of the following computer drives is also referred to as drive C a) floppy drive b)
pen drive c) hard drive (local drive) d) zip drive

3. Which of the following secondary storage devices is less durable? A) the pen drive B)
floppy disk(diskette) c) the CD/DVD D) the hard disk

4. In computing, a group of 8 bits is referred to as………… a) nibble b) byte c) bit d) word
5. The smallest unit of data measurement is called the….. a) byte b) bit c) nibble d) word

BASIC INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES

Input is the data that we feed into the computer to enable it process into useful information.
Therefore,

Input device is a computer hardware device that is used to feed the computer with data and
commands. The data fed into the computer can be a text, a sound, a picture or any other form
of data.

Commands are special messages that you give to the computer to perform certain functions.
These include clicking on a button to close a window, double clicking a file icon to open the file
and so on. The types of input devices are: keyboard, scanner, mouse, light pen etc.

TYPES OF INPUT DEVICES

1. Keyboard: a computer keyboard is an input device that is mainly used to enter text into
the computer. It looks like typewriter but with more keys for performing special
functions. E.g. of keyboard are: traditional, ergonomic, flexible, wireless and P.D.A
keyboard.
Keyboard can be categorized based on the arrangement of keys on it.

i. The QWERTY keyboard: it gets its name from the first six letters in the top-left row
of alphabetic keys on the keyboard. The QWERTY layout was originally designed for
typewriters, not computers and was meant to slow down typists to prevent
typewriter keys from jamming. QWERTY is therefore considered inefficient because
it slows typing speeds.
Now that technology can keep up with faster typing, other keyboards are being
considered.

ii. DVORAK KEYBOARD: with a DVORAK keyboard you can type most of the more
commonly used words in the English Language with the letters found around the
home keys, the keys in the middle row of the keyboard.

iii. Specialty keyboards: laptops keyboards obviously need to be more compact than
standard keyboards and therefore have functions so that you can get the same
capacity from the limited keys. You can also connect traditional keyboards to most
laptops.

iv. P.D.As: generally, you enter data and commands into a P.D.A by using a stylus; a pen
shaped device that you use by tapping or writing on the PDA’s touch –sensitive
screen.

2. SCANNER: a scanner is an input device used to create an electronic or digital image of
text, graphs, diagrams, photographs and others into the computer.
Scanning is the process of using scanner to send information to the computer.

Types of scanner are;
-hand held scanners
-flatbed scanner
-digital camera

3. MOUSE; a mouse is a handheld pointing device which allows you to control your
computer without having to type instructions from the keyboard. In short, mouse simply
refers to as handheld pointing device.

Types of mouse are;

a. Mechanical or rolling ball mouse; this mouse type of mouse has a ball under it which
gives direction to the mouse pointer on the screen.

b. An Optical mouse: this does not have a ball under it, rather it uses a light.
c. A wireless or cordless mouse: this type of mouse is not physically connected to the

computer. Instead it uses infrared signals to communicate with the computer like a
remote control.

Other mouse like device includes:
-trackball