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sljn] To;nfO{ Ps} kª\lStdf /fd|/L eGg ;S5 . k|eftsf Ps} ls/0fdf ;f/f /ª / ¿ksf]
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cs{} clek|fo bV] 5 . Ps hgf cGtl/If ofqLn] egs] f lyP, æoxfaF f6 dn} ] ;[li6 ;f}Gbo{sf]
hf] ljlrq /ª / cfef bv] s] f] 5' To;sf] j0f{g d ug{ ;lSbgF . o;sf lglDt slj g}
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(= …d3] lah'nL ljjfxÚ sljtfsf] d"n efj nV] g'xf];\ .
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clgn rfw} /LnfO{ pxfnF ] sfo{j|md ;~rfngsf] lhDdf lbg'ePsf] 5 ._
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-lzIfstkm{ kms{]/ lz/ lgx/' fpFb_} cfef/ ks| 6 ub{5' . ca d cf;g u|x0fsf] sfo{jm| d
/fV5' . d o; sfo{j|mdsf] ;efWoIfsf ¿kdf xfd|f sIffsf ;xhstf{ ldq cAb'n
cxdbnfO{ cf;g ux| 0fsf nflu lgj]bg ub{5' . -bj' } xftn] cAb'ntkm{ O;f/f u/L
d~rlt/ cfpg cg/' f]w ub_{} cf;g u|x0f uge'{ Psfdf cWoIfHok" l| t cfef/ JoSt ub{5'
-clnslt em'Sb} cWoIftkm{ kms{/] ;Ddfg ks| 6 ub}_{ . o;kl5 cfb/0fLo lzIfsHo"nfO{
k|dv' cltlysf] cf;g ux| 0f ug{ cg/' f]w ub5{ ' -clnslt emS' b} lzIfstkm{ kms{]/
cf;gk6l\ 6 a:g O;f/f ub{}_ . ldqx¿, ca ;ljtf kxf8LnfO{ cfˆgf] sljtf jfrg ug{
cg/' fw] ub{5' .
clgnn] sfoj{ |md ;~rfng ubf{ b]vfPsf] ljgozLn Jojxf/ h:t} tkfO{F klg sIffdf x'g
nfus] f] uLt k|ltofl] utf ;~rfnssf] el" dsf clego;lxt lgjfx{ ug'x{ f;] \ .
;'gfO / af]nfO
!= ;g' fO kf7 ! ;'Gg'xf];\ / vfnL 7fpd“ f pkoS' t zAb 5fgL eGgx' f;] \ M
-s_ …d}qL;q" Ú d bz] sf] xF', ;adf ==== 5b}{ 5' d . -PsTj, dxŒj, ;fyLTj_ 7
-v_ kfvfdf vghf]t u5'{ >dn] ==== / nf7] d xF' . -udL{, wdL{, sdL{_
-u_ cf:yf, dfgjtf, pbf/ ;dtf a:g] ==== x'F d . -unF}rf, kmnF}rf, auF}rf_
-3_ xfn] L, lj|m:d;sf,] kljq Obsf] ==== cfwf/ xF' . -gjLg, uf| dL0f, k|frLg_
g]kfnL, sIff (
@= ;'gfO kf7 ! df g]kfn / gk] fnLsf] klxrfgnfO{ s;/L lrgfOPsf] 5,
eGgx' f;] \ .
eflifs ;+/rgf / j0fl{ jGof;
! lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b k9L /ftf] /ª nufOPsf zAbdWoa] f6 gfd, ;jg{ fd /
ljzi] f0f klxrfg ugx'{ f];\ M
ljho / ljgo ldNg] ;fyL xg' \ . pgLx¿ ;fgb} ]lv Pp6} ljBfnodf cWoog ub}{
cfPsf 5g\ . bj' }n] cfkm" cfkm"df ltdL eg/] ;Dafw] g u5g{ \ . pgLx¿sf] 3/ aemfª
lhNnfdf k5{ . ljhosf aa' f lzIfs xg' 'xG' 5 . pxfF ufpsF f] ljBfnodf g]kfnL ljifo
k9fpg'xG' 5 . ljgosf aa' f s[lifdf cfa4 x'gx' 'G5 . To;n} ] pxfFnfO{ bfneftsf] hfx] f] ug{ b'Mv
5g} . pxfF cfw'lgs / Joj;fodv' L sl[ ifnfO{ kf| ]T;fxg ug{ ;s] JolSt, ;dfh / /fi6s« }
ljsf; ;Dej /x]sf] wf/0ff /fVg'xG' 5 .
@= lbOPsf] cg'R5b] af6 gfd, ;jg{ fd / ljz]if0f zAbsf] cnu cnu ;"rL
agfpgx' f];\ M
lxdfnL lhNnf d':tfªdf :ofp, cfn,' hf} h:tf kmnkm" n tyf cGgafnL nufOG5 . oxfFsf
dflg; e8] f, Rofª\uf| , rf}/Lnufotsf kz'kfng u5g{ \ . ef}ufl] ns ljs6tfn] ubf{ s]xL
;do cl3;Dd gg' , tn] , UofF;, dl6tn] cflb cf];f/k;f/ ug{ sl7gfO lyof] . clxn] eg]
oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf ePsfn] To:tf] ;d:of 5g} . d:' tfªdf afx}| dlxgf lr;f] xfjf rN5
eg] r}t jz} fvdf 7'nf] x'/Latf; cfp5F . l5ds] Lsf lardf ;v' bM' vdf ;xofu] , bof,
dfof, ;b\efj cflb ks| 6 u/L cfTdLo efj k|s6 u5g{ \ . tF, pm, tL dfG5], oL bfhe' fO /
cfˆgf gftfkftf h:tf s/' fn] e]befj u/L s;s} f] b'Mvdf 6n' '6'n' x/] ]/ a:g] afgL pgLx¿df
5g} .
#= ‘d]3 lah'nL ljjfx’ sljtfdf k|ofu] ePsf dWo] kf“r kf“rcf6] f gfd / ljz]if0f zAb
nV] gx' f];\ .
$= rf/ rf/cf6] f ;j{gfd / ljzi] f0f zAb kg{] u/L dfdf3/ hf“bfsf] cg'ej ;d]6]/
cg'R5]b tof/ kfgx{' f;] \ .
%= lbOPsf] cgR' 5]bdf zAbsf] ;?' , lar / clGtddf x:| j Osf/ nfu]sf zAb
klxrfg ug{x' f;] \ M
d/] f] ljBfno efl] n laxfg l7s !) ah] ;?' x'G5 . klxnf] sIff g]kfnL ljifo ePsfn]
8 gk] fnL, sIff (
uf]jwg{ u?' n] xfdL ;an} fO{ /dfOnf] r6' \lsnf ;'gfpFb} sIff k|f/De ug{x' 'G5 . pxfF /dfOnf]
u/L k9fpg'x'G5 . l6lglggL 3G6L ah]/ ha pxfFsf] sIff ;'? xG' 5 ta xfdL sIffdf
kl;xfN5f}F .
^= ‘d]3 lahn' L ljjfx’ sljtfaf6 zAbsf] ;?' , lar / clGtddf x|:j Osf/ nfus] f
zAb klxrfg ug{'xf];\ .
l;hg{ f / kl/of]hgf sfo{
!= lbOPsf] …sÚ / …vÚ sf] c+zdf cfjZostfcg;' f/ kb, kbfjnL / kªl\ St /fvL
sljtf /rgf ug'{xf];\ M
kmn" af/L
-s_ 9sdSs kmn" km'Ng] xfdf| ] km"naf/L
;okqL kmn" km'Ng] ==== ===========
dvdnL======================km"naf/L
/ª\uLrªu\ L ================= km"n=======
-v_ =============================================
=============================================
=============================================
================================================
@= k':tsfnoaf6 b]zk|]dsf] efj ePsf] Pp6f sljtf vf]hL sIffdf ;fyLnfO{
;'gfpgx' f;] \ .
g]kfnL, sIff ( 9
kf7 @ :jfb
wj|' rGb| uft} d
cfdf, afa' / 5f]/fsf] lrq, lsgdn] ub{} u/]sf], a;/] vfFb} u/]sf] lrq
;fa'gnufot c¿ klg slt lrhlah lsGg' lyof] . ;fa'g slt lbgbl] v ;lsPsf] lyof] / gx' fpg
gkfP/ lhp dn} f] ePsf] cfkF}mnfO{ cge' j x'GYof] . skfndf rfof k/]sf] 5 . :jf:gL t To;} klg
g'xfpFyL t/ nf]Ug] rflxF ;fag' geO{sg gx' fpbF g} Yof] .
p;sL :jf:gL eGyL, æbz] df oltsf ul/a a:5g\ . s;n} fO{ ;fag' hb' g}{ , tkfOnF{ fO{ dfq} :jfª .Æ
pm eGYof], æof] s] /fd|f] s/' f xf] t < cfkm" n] ef]Ug} k¥of] eGb}df ul/aLnfO{ ;D' ;'Dofpg] t < d
3[0ff u5{' . k|Tos] ul/an] cfˆgf] ul/aLl;t 30[ ff ugk{} 5{ .Æ
cfh laxfg} klg o:tf] s'/f ltgLx¿sf lar ePsf] lyof] . :jf:gL g'xfpgdf hf8] lbO/x]sL lyO{ .
nfU] g] rflxF b]zsf] ul/aLdfly efif0f lbP/ To;nfO{ 6fg{ vfl] h/xs] f] lyof] . cGTodf cfh klg pm
gg'xfP/} c8\8f uPsf] lyof] .
c88\ fdf pm of}6f ;fwf/0f sfl/Gbf lyof] . so} fF} jif{b]lv pm o;} u/L ;fwf/0f lyof] . axfnL ePsf]
ldltb]lv pm To; kbdf cf;Lg lyof] . p;sf] efUo s] lyof] eg] Pp6f kb p;n] cfhLjg kfof] .
gq slt dfG5] t sfd} gkfP/ kmfN6' eO/xs] f 5g\ .
zAbfy{
rfof — skfnsf] kmb] df hd]sf] dl;gf] a'/a/' ] ;t] f] wn' f]
c8\8f — sfof{no
sfl/Gbf — n]vgbf;sf] sfd ug]{ JolSt
10 g]kfnL, sIff (
cfh tna cfpg] lbg lyof] . pm la; utb] ]lv g} tna cfpg] lbgnfO{ Jou|tf;fy klv{GYof] .
Hofb} l9nf rfnn] Tof] lbg cfOk'UYof] . lgZro g} of] Pp6f lbg rflxF ;wF} p;nfO{ gf]s/L ug{
kfPsfdf uj{ xG' Yof] .
æs;d Û, efl] n g'xfpF5' n .Æ laxfgsf] gx' fpg] ax;nfO{ p;n] o;} eg]/ 6ª' U\ ofof] / 6fk] L ldnfpbF }
c88\ flt/ nfUof] . :jf:gL xfF:g yfnL . p;nfO{ klg cfh tna af8F \g] lbg xf] eGg] kQf] lyof] .
æ;fa'g;} fag' lsg]/ Nofpg' Sof Ps ef/L .Æ p;n] egL / 3/vrs{ f] lx;fa ug{ sf]7flt/ k;L .
pm w]/} k9]sL lyOg tk} lg 3/ rnfpgdf kSsf lyO{ . Tof] t cfˆgf] cfDbfgL g} vf6] f] ePkl5
oxfeF Gbf slt 3/ rnf;] \ . p;sf] bfi] f lyof] t o;df <
;fF9] kfrF ah]lt/ nfU] g] cfof] k|;Gg eP/ . cfpgf;fy eGof], ædn} ] lx;fa u¥ofeGbf a9L g}
/sd kf] cfP5 t <Æ
æslt a9L <Æ :jf:gLn] ;fw] L .
æ;f9] ;ft ?lkofF .Æ
;'g]/ :jf:gL v;' L eO{ / l;Fuf/k6f/ ug{ lx8F L .
æcl3 g} l7Ss k//] a:g'kb{}g <Æ nf]Ug] emsf{] dfGb} emls{of] .
ækfFr ldg6] df l7Ss k5,'{ s] ug{' 5 / ca, ufhn nfO;Sof 5, skfn cfwf sf]l/;Sof 5 .Æ
:jf:gLn] egL / Pg] f x]/L x]/L afFsL skfn sf]g{ yfnL .
nfU] g] 38L xg] { yfNof] .
cfwf 306fkl5 5f/] f;] lxt ltgLx¿ lg:s] . b'j}sf] xftdf Ps Pscf6] f emf]nf lyof] . h;df
tnan] EofPhlt dfn sf]Rg' lyof] . tnaaf6 sx] L /sd ltgLx¿n] cke{m6 cfOkg]{ 36gf /
cfjZostfsf nflu 56' \ofPsf lyP . la; ut;] Dddf Tof] /sdlagf sg' } 36gf cfˆgf] :jfefljs
rfnn] a]kQf eOlbGYof] .
ærfdn glsGg] cfh <Æ nfU] gn] ] ;fW] of] .
æ5 ce}m b'Or{ f/ lbgnfO{ . lgs} kmf/f] ef] o;kfln .Æ :jf:gLn] egL .
æcsf{] dlxgf;Dd k'U5 t <Æ
æcF k'U5 < b'O{rf/ lbgkl5 lsGg'k5{ lg lsGg t .Æ
Tolt eg/] :jf:gLn] ;fGTjgf lbO{, rfdnnfO{ rflxg] hlt ?lkofF 5'6\ofOlbPsf] 5 .
Jou|tf — Jou| xg' fsf] efj jf cj:yf, Jofs'ntf
vf6] f] — sfd gnfUg]
gk] fnL, sIff ( 11
nfU] g] ;Gti' 6 eP/ lx8F \g yfNof] . cfpgf;fy p;n] ;f/f tna :jf:gLnfO{ ae' mfOlbPsf] lyof]
tfls :jf:gLnfO{ ug' f;f] g/xf;] \ / p;nfO{ clglZrGttf .
;aeGbf klxn] p;n] ;fag' g} lsGof] . To;kl5 tn] d;nf . :jf:gLn] dlxgfaf/L vrn{ fO{
agfPsf] ln:6 xb] {} pm lsGYof] . hxfF cIf/ al' emGgYof], ToxfF :jf:gL :ki6 kfb{} hfGyL .
ha :jf:gLsf] kj| [lQ k|Tos] lrhdf ;z+ fw] g ub}{ hfg] bl] vof], nf]Ug] k8\Sof] .
æo:t} xf] ah]6 < ofF cfP/ yKb} hfg] < dfG5]sf] duh tfTb}g ls lh:SofPsL ltdLn] dnfOÆ{
p;n] eGof] aDs/] } .
e}uf] t e}uf], ef]ln k'ug] eg] dnfO{ s], k'u]g elGbG5' .Æ :jf:gLn] klg cfˆgf] s/' fsf] ;v] L lemsL .
To;kl5 :jf:gLn] ln:6 ;z+ f]wg ug{ 5fl8lbO{ / ltgLx¿ hlt sfutdf n]lvPsf] lyof,] Tolt
dfq lsGg yfn] .
æc¿ s]xL t afFsL 5}g lsGg <Æ cGTodf p;n] ;f]Wof] .
:jf:gLn] ln:6 x]b}{ egL, ækVg:' g x¿] F, 5'6k6' 5 lsÆ
nfU] g] 8/fpg yfNof] s'g} l´sL kf] xfN5] ls 56' k6' s'/f] . lemsL klg xfnL, ln:6df geP klg,
æd/] f] r/' f nfpg' lyof,] e}uf] ef]ln nfpnF f .Æ
To;kl5 ;fdfg k;n]s} lhDdf nfP/ ltgLx¿ t/sf/L ahf/lt/ lx8F ], 5f]/fn] fO{ 8f]¥ofpbF } .
5f]/f] lyof] rf/ ku' /] kfFr nfu]sf] . ca a‰' g yfn]sf] lyof,] s] kfPbl] v p;nfO{ k|;Ggtf k|fKt
xG' 5 . To;sf/0f kmdfO{ ; ug{df aa' fsf] ljrf/df pm cfˆgL cfdfeGbf sd lyPg . km/s olt
xf] ls 5f/] fsf] kmdf{O; k"/f rflxF p:tf] xG' gYof] .
ahf/ Ps} 7fpFdf el/e/fp eP/ nfu]sf] lyof] . dflg; lsGg'eGbf a9L df]ntf]n u/]/ cfgGb
lnO/x]sf lyP . hg' t/sf/L lsGg' lyPg jf h'g klxNo} lslg;s]sf lyP, To;sf] klg efp ;fW] b}
lxFl8/x]sf lyP . lsGg' 5}g eg] Ps ?lkofF lsnf] eg]sf] j:t'nfO,{ ;s' Ldf lbG5f} eGy] / lxF8\y] .
x/]s u|fxs cfF;' dfq emfg{ afsF L /fv]/ dxuF Lsf] rLTsf/ ul//xs] f lyP .
Pp6f ljzfn sfn] fxnsf laraf6 af6f] agfpFb} ltgLx¿ lxlF 8/x]sf lyP .
5f]/f] o:tf] 7fpdF f slxn]sfxLF dfq cfpg kfpYF of] To; sf/0f lgs} /dfOnf] dflg/xs] f] lyof] .
s]xL a/] kl5 g} Tof] ef]s nfUof] kf] eGg yfNof] . ltgLx¿n] a8f] sl7gfO;fy To;nfO{ kmsfP, 3/
hfgf;fy ld7fO{ vfg lbg] eg/] . 3/sf] j/k/ sg' } ld7fO{ k;n lyPg . of] ltgLx¿nfO{ kSsf
ePsfn] o:tf] elgPsf] lyof] . ;fob 5f/] f] rflxF o;df kSsf lyPg .
aDs/] } — l/;sf cfj]udf 7N' 7'nf] :j/n] uh/{]
rLTsf/ — kL8fn] el/Psf] lrRofx6
sf]nfxn — xfx] Nnf
12 g]kfnL, sIff (
ltgLx¿n] sfpnL lsg], cfn' lsg] . nfU] g]n] ;D‰of], æ;fukftdf w]/} le6fldg xG' 5, To; sf/0f
xfdLn] :jf:Yodfly klg s]xL Wofg lbg'k5{ .Æ ltgLx¿n] ;fu lsg] . ln:6df t/sf/Lsf] pNnv]
lyPg, :jf:gLnfO{ xtf/ eP/ xf] ls n]Vg sGg'kg{] eP/ xf] . :jf:gL dxfef/t /fd/| L k9y\ L t/
s07 u//] .
:jf:gL eGb} hfGyL, s] t/sf/L lsGg], nf]Ug] lsGb} hfGYof] .
æhfpmF, ca t prfNg} g;lsg] eof] of] emfn] f .Æ nfU] g]n] eGof] t/ emfn] f k"/f e/s] f] rflxF lyPg .
xg' ;S5 p;nfO{ ux|fF} a9L nfu]sf] xf];\ .
ca ltgLx¿ kmls{g yfN5g\ . :jf:gLn] To;} avt egL, æPskm] / df;l' t/ x]g{] ls <Æ
æef], ghfpFm, dxFuf] 5 .Æ nf]Ug]n] eGof], æp;}df klg clxn] afvL| sf6\5g\ /,] efp rflxF v;Ls}
lnG5g\ .Æ
æxg} , Totl} t/af6 hfpmF / o:;f] ;f]wf}F t efp . v;L sf6\of x]g{ 5f]/f] c;fWo} /dfp5F Sof .Æ
p;n] egL .
ltgLx¿ Tot}lt/ nfu], htf ltgLx¿ Ps Ps dlxgf latfP/ hfGy] . 5/l5ds] df rflxF kr| f/
ul/lbPsf lyP 5f]/f] t k"jh{ Gdsf] j}i0fj /x5] Sof/, df;' vfg} dg ub}{g clg Nofpg' s;sf]
nflu < t/ of] s/' f] xg} . df;' kfPsf lbg a? 5f/] fnfO{ eft a9L ?RYof] .
v;L sf6]sf] xg] c{' l3 g} df5f ahf/ b]lvof] . ltgLx¿ lsl;d lsl;dsf df5f kf] x]g{ yfn] .
æ/x' df5f gvfPsf] t a;f{F} eO;Sof] .Æ :jf:gLn] egL .
ægs/fpm, df5fdf sfF8f w/] } xG' 5g\, 5f]/fnfO{ c8\Sof] eg] <Æ
æsfF x'G5 /x' df5fdf Hof:tL sfF8f <Æ
ædxFuf] x'G5 lg t .Æ
Ps 7fpFdf 6f]s/Ldf Pp6f dfq l;ªu\ f] df5f lyof] ljzfn /x' . :jf:gL nf]leO{ .
æsltdf lbgÆ] :jf:gLn] df5f a]Rg] dfG5];uF ;fw] L .
æ!@ ?lkofF lsnf] . clnslt 36fOlbG5,' nfg;' \ . oxL Pp6f df5f afFsL 5, dnfO{ 3/ hfg klg
xtf/ 5 .Æ df5f a]Rg]n] eGof] .
5f]/f] df5f bv] /] /dfof] . lsGg] c8\8L s:g yfNof] .
æslt 5 of] df5f tf}n u/ tÆ :jf:gLn] egL .
df5f aR] g]n] tfN} of] / eGof], æk/" f 89] lsnf] 5 . tkfO{nF fO{ !) ?lkofF s]= hL= sf] efp ul/lbG5' .
ji} 0fj — lji0f'sf] pkf;gf ug]{ JolSt
g]kfnL, sIff ( 13
!% ?lkofF lbg;' ,\ nfg;' \ .Æ
nfU] g] rflxF klg cln pT;'s eof] / eGof], ædxFuf] eof], cln sd u/ g .Æ
æ!@ ?lkofF s=] hL= sf] df5f !) ?lkofF ul/lbPF tk} lg dxFuf] eGg'xG' 5, oxfFeGbf slt sd ug]{ .
cfk"mnfO{ gf]S;fg kl/;Sof] . xfdLn] klg lsg/] } NofP/ a]Rg] xf] . o;a} f6 bO' r{ f/ k;} f sdfP/ k]6
kfNg'k5{ . s] ug'{ .Æ df5fjfnn] nfdf] uGyg u¥of] .
æ!) ?lkofdF f ;a} b]pm gÆ :jf:gLn] egL .
df5f ljj|m]tfn] Pskm] / 6f]s/Ldf afFsL /x]sf] Tof] 9f8] df5fnfO{ x¥] of] / uDof] . To;kl5 eGof],
æeu} f,] ;ft ?lkofF s=] hL= ef], bz ?lkofF krf; k;} f lbg;' \ g .Æ
nf]Ugn] ] vNtL 5fDof] . vNtLaf6 kfFr ?lkofF / df]x/ lg:Sof] . æs] ug]{, df5f t vfgk' g]{ xf,] olt
;:tfÆ] p;n] /x/ / cefj cg'ej ub{} eGof], æltdL oxLF a;, d x5] ,'{ lrGof sfx] L e]6 xG' 5 ls .Æ
p;n] ev{/ Zofd bfOnfO{ uf]ne]8F f dfN] g nfu]sf] b]vs] f] lyof] . p;sf] ljrf/ lyof,] h?/L b]vfP/
kfrF ?lkofF dfU5' / cfufdL dlxgfdf ltl/lbG5' t/ w]/} vf]Hbf klg Zofd bfO k]mnf k/g] g\ .
kms{bF f p;n] crfgs cfk\mg} 6fn] sf] au/] sfG5fnfO{ b]Vof] . pm cfˆgf] kf]lh;gsf] jf:Tff gu/L
ToxfF uof], df5fsf] dft nfu] em}F eGof], æP sfG5f bfO, kfFrf]6f ?lkofF np] m t ef]ln lbpFnf .Æ
sfG5fn] eGof,] æcsfs{ f] v;L Hofnfbf/Ldf sf6s] f] lyPF, ;a} k;} f ev{/} To;}nfO{ a'emfO;s]F .Æ
p;n] ;f]Rof,] xfdL h:tfn] dfUbf emg\ uf}/j kf] dfGg'kg]{ . ToxfFaf6 kms]{/ pm df5f / :jf:gL
ePsf 7fpFdf cfof] .
p;sf] cgx' f/ v:ss] f] lyof] . To;df olt ;:Tff] df5f lng gkfPsf] tf8] afsF L lyof] . o:tf]
yfxf kfPsf] eP, cl3 c¿ t/sf/L g} lslgGg lyof] .
æca <Æ p;n] :jf:gLlt/ x]//] eGof] .
æzf]efl;t dfu]/ NofpFm <Æ :jf:gLn] egL . p;n] ;DemL zfe] fsf] 3/ glhs} 5 / p;sf]
s6] fs]6Lb]lvs} ;fyL xf] .
nfU] g] clns cgsgfof] / df5flt/ x]¥of] . To;kl5 eGof,] æhfpm g t, t/ df5fnfO{ eg/] gdfUg'
lg . cf}ifwL lsGg k'u]g eg g .Æ
:jf:gL nf]Ugs] f] lgb]z{ gnfO{ ;lDemF b} uO{ . ToltGh]n nf]Ug] 5f/] fsf] ;fy df5f sl' //x\of] .
sx] L a/] kl5 :jf:gL kmsL{ . 6f9}af6 p;n] kfFr ?lkofFsf] gf]6 bv] fO{ h'g b]v/] nf]Ug] klg ;fFlRrs}
k;| Gg eof] .
uf/} j — dlxdf, ;Ddfg
cgsgfpg' — csdsfpg', lxrlsrfpg'
14 gk] fnL, sIff (
df5f lsg/] p;n] xftdf e'mG8\ofof] / ;kl/jf/ lx8F \of] . aRrf] k6s k6s a'afsf] xftdf
em' lG8Psf] df5fnfO{ 6o\ fKk ;dfpYF of,] 5f8\Yof] / v';L xG' Yof] .
8]/f ku' /] ltgLx¿n] pT;fx;fy df5f ksfP . To;kl5 t[Kt eP/ df5feft vfP .
/ftL ;T' bfv]l/ !! alh;s]sf] lyof] . ltgLx¿nfO{ s'g} ;df/f]x / ef]hsf] jf:tljs cfgGb
cfh slt jif{kl5 k|fKt ePsf] lyof,] Tofe] Gbf a9L ;:tf] df5f kfPsf] cfgGb, h;nfO{ ef]ln
5/l5d]sdf uj;{ fy aofg ug{ ;lsG5 .
;T' g'cl3 b'jn} ] sa'n u/], ædf5fsf] :jfb Hofb} ld7f] lyof], clj:d/0fLo .Æ
:jf:gLn] egL, æof] :jfb ca Ps dlxgf;Dd d'vd} f em' lG8/xG5 .Æ
nf]Ug]n] eGof], æca csf]{ dlxgf;Dd sx] L gvfP klg xG' 5 To;f] eP, g df5f g df;' . a?
zfe] fsf] kfrF ?lkofF ef]ln g} ltl/b]pm nu/] , /fVg'x'Gg .Æ
æltg]{ s;/L lg <Æ :jf:gLn] ;fw] L .
nf]Ug] lgbfpFbf lgbfpbF } eGof,] æls cf]vtLnfO{ 56' \ofPsf] vra{ f6 ltl/bp] m ls sf]xL c¿l;t
k}Frf] dfu/] , t/ of] k;} f rflxF ca csf]{ tna gcfO{ ltl/Gg .
pT;fx — xf;} nf, km'tL,{ hf];
tK[ t — ;Gti' 6, c3fPsf]
clj:d/0fLo — la;g{ g;lsg]
k}r“ f] — kl5 lkmtf{ ug]{ u/L s;;} u“ lng] jf s;}nfO{ sx] L lbg] sfd
g]kfnL, sIff ( 15
zAbe08f/
!= lbOPsf zAbsf] cy{ nV] g'xf];\ M
axfnL, uj{, kmf/f,] efp, Hof:tL, gf]S;fgL, c8\8L, tf]8, 6f]s/L
@= syfdf of“, u¥of, ;Sof, kf“rf6] f, lrGof, sf6\of, sf,“ kVg';g\, nfg';\ h:tf
af]nLrfnLdf ko| fu] ul/g] zAb cfPsf 5g\ . kf7sf] ;Gbe{ Vofn u/L pSt
zAbsf z'4 ¿k n]Vg'xf;] \ .
#= syfdf ko| f]u ePsf lgDglnlvt 6S' sfsf] cy{ a'emL jfSodf ko| f]u ug{x' f;] \ M
vf6] f] xg' ', c88\ L s:g', d'vd} em'lG8g,' ;v] L lemSg '
$= lbOPsf] cg'R5b] df k|ofu] ePsf pvfg l6Kg'xf;] \ . ;fyL;u“ ldnL cGo kfr“ cf6] f
pvfg vf]h]/ ltgsf cya{ f/] 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ M
HffFu/k|;fb ldlxgt] L 5g\ . OndLsf efudf b'w / eft x'g] eOxfNof] To;}n] pgnfO{
hLjg rnfpg bM' v 5}g . Ps lbg pgsf l5ds] L cN5Lk|;fb cfP / eg,] æs] b'Mv
u5f{,} hfFu/k;| fb < v'?v'? a;/] vfg 5f8/] .Æ hfuF /k|;fbn] eg], æclxn] bM' v u/]/ sx] L
hf]/hfd u¥of] eg] a9' ;] sfndf a;]/ vfg kfOG5, cl3sf] lttf] kl5sf] ld7f] eGg] yfxf
5}g <Æ hfuF / g ;fFu/ vfg] an] fdf cfF u/\ u//] xG' 5 < To;kl5 cN5Lk;| fb ToxfaF f6
lx8]F . cln k/ k'Ubf Ps hgf dfG5n] ] uf?] nfO{ nv]6\b} lyof] . cN5Lk;| fbn] ;f]w,] ælsg uf]?
nv]6\b} 5f} < To; dfG5n] ] eGof,] æxg] {'xf];\ g sqf] ldlxgt] u/]/ ;fu 5/]sf] lyPF . uf?] n]
;vfk} kf/]5 . /ftel/ s/fof] blIf0f x/fof] em}F kf] eof] t .Æ To; dfG5n] ] cN5Lk|;fbnfO{
eg]5, æP cN5Lk;| fb sfd gu//] s] nv/nv/ 8N' b} lxF8s] f] ltdL, kl5 b'Mv kfpnf lg .
lbg ph]nL ;'tL u'dfO{, /ft phn] L la:sg' ;s' fO{ u/]/ klg sxLF hLjg rN5 <Æ
%= lbOPsf] cgR' 5b] k9L cgs' /0ffTds zAb klxrfg ug{'xf];\ M
;fgf] sfG5f] n'?n?' cfof] . lksfd{ f ykSs a:of] . cfdf;Fu clnslt kfgL dfu]/ eGof,]
æyf]/} kfgL lbg';,\ of] bafO 36' 'Ss lgN5' .Æ cfdf h?' Ss p7g\ e' of] / ;/f;/ ufu|f] ePsf]
7fpdF f hfge' of] . cfdfn] cDvf/] fdf kfgL ;f/]/ lbge' of] . ;fgf] sfG5fn] cDvf]/faf6
3636 kf//] ;a} kfgL vfof] .
16 gk] fnL, sIff (
^= lbOPsf cg's/0ffTds zAb / ltgn] hgfpg] sfo{lar hf8] f ldnfpg'xf;] \ M
km6fkm6 cf]9\g'
uDnªª\ x]g{'
£ofRr pHofnf] x'g'
skfsk lx8F g\ '
5o\ fªu\ /fl] Ssg'
unNn xfjf rNg'
x?' ?? p7\g'
vfg'
xf:F g'
afw] / cleJolSt
!= tn lbOPsf zAbsf] z4' pRrf/0f ug{'xf;] \ M
3[0ff, efif0f, :jf:Yo, 6f]s/L, ;fGTjgf, uxf| },F dxFuf,] Hofnfbf/L, ljj|m]tf
@= …:jfbÚ syfsf cgR' 5]b kfnk} fnf] ;:j/jfrg ugx{' f;] \ .
#= lbOPsf zAbsf] cIf/ ;/+ rgf k9g\ x' f];\ / kf7af6 cIf/ ;ªV\ of km/s ePsf kfr“ cf]6f
zAb l6kL ltgsf] cIf/ ;+/rgf bv] fpgx' f;] \ M
zAb cIf/ ;+/rgf cIf/ ;ª\Vof
pm p Ps
t t Ps
bfi] fL bf=] l; bO' {
kQf ] kt\=tf ] bO' {
:jfefljs :jf=ef=las \ tLg
gk] fnL, sIff ( 17
$= …:jfbÚ syfsf] ;/+ rgf;“u ;DalGwt k|Zgsf] pQ/ eGgx' f];\ M
-s_ syfsf] kf| /De s'g ;Gbea{ f6 ul/Psf] 5 <
-v_ syfsf] ;+jfbdf slt hgf kfq pkl:yt 5g\ <
-u_ syfsf] cGTo s'g 36gfaf6 ePsf] 5 <
-3_ syfn] sxfFsf] kl/j]z cFufns] f] 5 <
%= lbOPsf] syfsf] c+z df}g k7g u/L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vgx' f;] \ M
c88\ fdf pm of}6f ;fwf/0f sfl/Gbf lyof] . so} fF} jifb{ l] v pm o;} u/L ;fwf/0f lyof] . axfnL
ePsf] ldltbl] v pm To; kbdf cf;Lg lyof] . p;sf] efUo s] lyof] eg] Pp6f kb p;n]
cfhLjg kfof] . gq slt dfG5] t sfd} gkfP/ kmfN6' eO/xs] f 5g\ .
cfh tna cfpg] lbg lyof] . pm la; ut]b]lv g} tna cfpg] lbgnfO{ Jou|tf;fy
klvG{ Yof] . Hofb} l9nf rfnn] Tof] lbg cfOk'UYof] . lgZro g} of] Pp6f lbg rflxF ;w}F
p;nfO{ gf]s/L ug{ kfPsfdf uj{ x'GYof] .
æs;d Û, ef]ln gx' fp5F ' n .Æ laxfgsf] gx' fpg] ax;nfO{ p;n] o;} eg/] 6'ªU\ ofof] / 6f]kL
ldnfpbF } c88\ flt/ nfUof] . :jf:gL xf:F g yfnL . p;nfO{ klg cfh tna af8F g\ ] lbg xf]
eGg] kQf] lyof] .
æ;fag' ;} fa'g lsg]/ Nofpg' Sof Ps ef/L .Æ p;n] egL / 3/vrs{ f] lx;fa ug{ sf7] flt/
k;L .
k|Zgx¿
-s_ cfˆgf] hflu/kl| t …pmÚ kfqsf] wf/0ff s:tf] lyof] <
-v_ kfqn] g'xfpg g;Sgfsf] sf/0f s] xf] <
-u_ >LdtL lsg sf]7fleq kl;g\ <
-3_ cgR' 5b] df /xs] f] …Pp6f kb cfhLjg kfpg'Ú eGg'sf] cfzo s] xf] <
^= syf k9L lbOPsf ;j+ fb s;n] sf;] u“ egs] f x'g\, klxNofpg'xf;] \ M
-s_ ;fag' ;} fag' lsg/] Nofpg' Sof Ps ef/L .
-v_ dn} ] lx;fa u¥ofeGbf a9L g} /sd kf] cfP5 t <
18 g]kfnL, sIff (
-u_ ;fukftdf w/] } le6fldg xG' 5 .
-3_ dnfO{ 3/ hfg klg xtf/ 5 .
-ª_ csfs{ f] v;L Hofnfbf/Ldf sf6s] f] lyPF, ;a} k};f ev/{ } To;n} fO{ ae' mfO;sF] .
&= syfdf cfPsf dlxgfel/sf] yk sdfO ;f9] ;ft ?lkof“, df5fsf] d"No ;ft
?lkof“ s]=hL, Ps ?lkof“ lsnf] t/sf/L h:tf egfOaf6 syfdf j0f{g ul/Psf]
;do slt klxns] f] xf], cgd' fg ug{'xf;] \ .
*= lbOPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ n]Vgx' f;] \ M
-s_ …:jfbÚ syfsf nf]Ug] / :jf:gL kfqsf rfl/lqs ljzi] ftfsf] t'ngf ug{'xf];\ .
-v_ syfdf g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfly{s ;d:ofnfO{ s;/L lrgfOPsf] 5 <
-u_ syfsf] dV' o ;Gbz] s] xf] <
(= lbOPsf 36gfnfO{ syfcg;' f/ jm| d ldnfP/ nV] g'xf];\ M
-s_ :jf:gLn] gx' fpg hf8] lbg'
-v_ nf]Ugn] ] ;fa'g ;lsP/ /fdf| ];uF g'xfpg g;Sg'
-u_ tna cfpg] lbgsf] kt| LIffdf /xg'
-3_ :jf:gLn] zfe] f;Fu kfrF ?lkofF ;fk6L dfUg'
-ª_ Pp6f c8\8fdf ;fwf/0f sfl/Gbfsf ¿kdf sfd ub}{ cfpg'
-r_ k};f kfpgf;fy lsgd]nsf nflu ahf/ hfg'
!)= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9g\ 'xf;] \ / ;fl] wPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M
uN' dL / skmLsf] ;fOgf] w/] } 3lgi6 5 . w]/} dfG5] u'NdLsf] gfd ;G' b} skmL pRrf/0f
ug{ 5'6fpFbg} g\ . lhNnf lelqg] hf];s' s} f] rfxgf uN' dLsf] cuf{lgs skmLsf] :jfb lng]
xG' 5 . lhNnfleq yk' }| wflds{ Pjd\ ko6{ sLo :yn eP klg skmLn] ;as} f] lz/ prf] agfPsf]
5 . u'NdLnfO{ skmL vt] Lsf] ks6] If]q klg elgG5 . sl/a *) jifc{ ufl8 :yfgLo lx/f
lu/Ln] adf{af6 NofP/ skmLsf] la?jf xfnsf] d';Lsf]6 gu/kflnsfdf kg]{ cfFkrf}/df /fk] s] f
lyP . Tof] la?jf af/Ldf kmNof] t/ ufpnF ]nfO{ s] xf] eGga] f/] hfgsf/L ePg . tTsfnLg /fhf
jL/G] › @)#* ;fndf lhNnf e|d0fs} j|mddf cfFkrf/} ku' /] skmLsf] cjnfs] g u/]sf] Oltxf;
a'9fkfsfx¿ ;g' fp5F g\ . To;kl5 skmL eGg] k'li6 ePsf] xf] . ;f]xL 7fpdF f Jofj;flos
g]kfnL, sIff ( 19
skmL v]tL ug{ pgn] g} ls;fgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg u/]sf lyP . :yfgLon] /fhf jL/]G›;Fu skmL
k|jw{g sfoj{ |mdsf] dfu /fv] . ;fx] Lcg';f/ @)$@ ;fndf gk] fndf klxnf] k6s cfFkrf/} d}
skmL ljsf; s]G›sf] :yfkgf eof] . ;f]xL 7fpFdf skmL sn' f]sf] ;dt] lgdf0{ f ul/Psf]
lyof] . pTkfbg /fdf| ] x'Fb} uPkl5 lhNnfsf cGo :yfgdf skmLv]tL lj:tf/ eof] . lhNnfs}
;a}eGbf w]/} skmL v]tL d';Lsf6] gu/kflnsfd} x'G5 . skmL lj1sf cg;' f/ uN' dL
g]kfnd} w/] } skmL pTkfbg x'g] lhNnf xf] . lhNnf lelqg] kfx'gfnfO{ skmLn] g} :jfut ug{]
ul/G5 . lhNnfaf6 kmsg{ n] ] pkxf/sf ¿kdf skmL n}hfg] k/Dk/f g} ag]sf] 5 .
-s_ pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M
-c_ u'NdLdf skmLsf] pTkfbg slxn]b]lv ;?' ePsf] dflgG5 <
-cf_ g]kfndf klxnf] k6s skmL ljsf; s]G›sf] :yfkgf slxn] eof] <
-O_ g]kfndf skmL vt] Lsf] ;?' cft s;/L eof] <
-O_{ u'NdLnfO{ lsg skmL v]tLsf] ks]6 Ifq] dflgG5 <
-v_ efiff ;+/rgf klxrfg ug{x' f];\ M
-c_ …Jofj;flosÚ zAbsf] cy{ :ki6 kfgx{' f;] \ .
-cf_ …5'6fpbF g} gÚ\ / …eofÚ] ljm| ofkbsf] wft' klxrfg ug{x' f];\ .
-O_ cgR' 5b] af6 Pp6f ;sd{s / Pp6f csds{ jfSo klxrfg u/L n]Vgx' f];\ .
-O_{ cgR' 5b] af6 bL3{ Os{ f/ nfus] f zAb klxrfg u/L n]Vg'xf];\ .
!!= …:jfbÚ syfdf g]kfnL ;dfhsf s:tf ;fdflhs tyf ;f:+ sl[ ts ljifosf] rrf{
ul/Psf] 5, n]Vg'xf;] \ .
!@= JofVof ug'x{ f;] \ M
cfk"mn] ef]Ug} k¥of] eGb}df ul/aLnfO{ ;D' ;'Dofpg] t < d 30[ ff u5{' . k|Tos] ul/an]
cfˆgf] ul/aLl;t 30[ ff ug{k} 5{ .
!#= lbOPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M
-s_ …:jfbÚ syfn] rrf{ u/] h:t} xfdf| ] ;dfhdf ul/aLsf] kL8f 5 t, ts{ lbg'xf;] \ .
-v_ hLjgsf b}lgs cfjZostf;Dd k/" f ug{ wf} wf} x'g] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] jf:tljstfnfO{
syfn] s;/L k|:tt' u/]sf] 5, ;dLIffTds l6Kk0fL ug'x{ f];\ .
20 g]kfnL, sIff (
!$= lbOPsf] ;Gbe{ k9g\ x' f;] \ / tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ug{x' f];\ M
/d]zn] zlgaf/ 3'Dg hfbF f uxF'sf] /f]6L vfhf nu]5g\ . /ldnfn] kfp/f]6L vfhf nlu5g\ .
/dz] / /ldnfn] cfcfˆgf vfhfsf a66\ f glhs} /fv]sf j]nf /f]6L / kfp/f6] Ln] cfk;df
s/' f u/]5g\ . /f6] Ln] ;fw] 5] , ætkfOF{ t a8f] g/d xg' x' G' 5 h:tf] 5 < kfp/f6] L eGg] tkfO{F g}
xf] <Æ kfp/f]6Ln] eg]5, æx}g tkfOF{ t a8f] RofK6f] xg' x' F'bf] /x5] . xg' t d klg cln cln RofK6}
5' . tkfOFs{ f] gfd /f6] L xf]Og / < RofK6f] ePsfn] RofK6L gfd x'g'kg]{ ÛÆ /f]6LnfO{
l/; p75] , æx]g{'xf;] \, kfp/f6] LHo", tkfO{F d]l;gaf6 lg:s]/ a8f] g/d 5' eGbd} f w/] }
kmt' L{ gnfpgx' f];\ .Æ kfp/f6] Ln] klg eg5] , æd t dl] ;gaf6 ag]sfn] g/d 5' . tkfOF{
t tfjfaf6 aGg'ePsf] xf]Og <Æ /f6] Ln] xf] eg5] / pN6} kfp/f6] LnfO{ ;fw] 5] , ætkfOF{
hlt g/d eP klg d h:tf] kf]l;nf] / tfultnf] x'gx' 'Gg h:tf] 5 <Æ oltsd} f glhs}
s;n} ] v;fns] f] uxF'sf] bfgf] ux'kF |;fbn] /f]6L / kfp/f6] Lsf] s'/fsfgL ;'g5] , To;n] eg]5
æljjfb gu/, ltdLx¿ b'j} d]/f ;Gtfg xf} .Æ
3/df agfPsf vfhf / k;naf6 lsg/] NofPsf o:t} cGo vfhfsf] tn' gf u/L sIffdf
k|:tt' ug'{xf];\ .
;g' fO / af]nfO
!= ;'gfO kf7 @ ;G' gx' f;] \ / lbOPsf k|Zgsf] dfl} vs pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M
-s_ o'jssf] dfdf3/df s'g s'g s'/f lyP <
-v_ o'jssf] dfdf3/sf] ufpF s:tf] lyof] <
-u_ o'js s] s/' fn] emNof:F ; eP <
-3_ Ps d7' f] cvaf/ lsg NofPsf /x5] g\ <
@= o; n3'syfsf] ;Gbz] s] xf], ;g' fO kf7 @ sf cfwf/df eGgx' f;] \ .
eflifs ;/+ rgf / j0f{ljGof;
!= lbOPsf] cgR' 5b] af6 lj|mofkbsf wft' klxrfg ug'x{ f;] \ M
p;n] ev/{ Zofd bfOnfO{ uf]neF]8f df]Ng nfus] f] b]v]sf] lyof] . p;sf] ljrf/ lyof], h?/L
b]vfP/ kfFr ?lkofF dfU5' / cfufdL dlxgfdf ltl/lbG5' t/ w/] } vf]Hbf klg Zofd bfO k]mnf
k/g] g\ . kms{Fbf p;n] crfgs cfk\mg} 6f]nsf] au/] sfG5fnfO{ b]Vof] . pm cfˆgf] kfl] h;gsf]
jf:Tff gu/L ToxfF uof], df5fsf] dft nfu] eFm} eGof,] æP sfG5f bfO, kfFrf6] f ?lkofF np] m
t ef]ln lbpFnf .Æ
gk] fnL, sIff ( 21
@= pbfx/0fdf lbOP h:t} ‘lx8“ ’\ , ‘eg’\ , ‘;'t’\ , ‘n]v’\ wft'af6 lj|mofkb lgdf{0f
ugx'{ f];\ M
pbfx/0f
…a:f\Ú M a:of,] a:5, a:nf, a:b} 5, a:g] 5, a;]sf] 5, al;G5, a;5] , a:Yof], a;g' ,\ a;];\
#= syfdf ePsf] p;n] ev/{ ==== lbp“nf cgR' 5b] df ePsf sb[ Gt zAbaf6 wft'
klxrfg ug{x' f];\ .
$= lbOPsf] cg'R5b] k9L /ftf] /ª nufOPsf zAbsf] wft' 56' \ofpgx' f;] \ M
kßk;| fb cfkmn" ] k9s] f] k:' ts ¥ofsdf /fv]/ xlF ;nf] cg'xf/ nufpFb} 3'Dg lxF8] . af6fdf
kx| /Ln] rf]/nfO{ kj|mfp u/L nfbF } /x]5 . jf:tjdf k|x/L eg]sf t ;dfhsf] /Iff ug{] JolSt
g} /x]5g\ .
%= lbOPsf] cg'R5b] k9L ;sd{s / csd{s ljm| ofkb klxrfg ug'{xf];\ M
blw/fd bn} ]v k'u] . pgn] b'Nn'df ;d/l;x+ nfO{ e]6] . ToxfF uªu\ f/fd uLt ufpFb}
lyP . aa/k;| fb gfRb} lyP . ToxfF dflg; gfr xb] {} lyP . sf]xL dflg; xf:F b}
lyP . To;} jn] f ;fgd' }of h?' Ss pl7g\ . pgn] ;fyLnfO{ gxf:F g elgg\ . dflg;n] k|ltef
bv] fpFb} 5 . xfdLn] xf;} nf lbgk' 5{ . xfdL sf]xL klg gxfF;f}F .
^ ;sd{s / csd{s lj|mofkbaf/] yk :ki6 xg' lbOPsf] ;j+ fb k9g\ x' f;] \ M
;sd{s M gd:sf/ csd{s lj|mofHo", tkfOs{F f] gfd lsg csds{ eof] <
csd{s M gd:sf/, n Û ;sd{sHo," tkfOF{sf lj|mofn] sd{ lnG5g,\ To;}n] tkfOF{
;sd{s eg/] lrlggx' 'G5 . d]/f ljm| ofsf nflu sd{ g} rflxbF }g . To;n} ] t
d csd{s xF' .
;sds{ M P, To;f] kf] Û s;/L lrGg] t tkfOF{n] sd{ lng'xG' g eg]/ <
csds{ M n, ;'Gg'xf];\ . of] t sd{ lng] / glng] cfwf/df g} 5'6\ofpg] xf] . lj|mof;Fu
…sÚ] / …s;nfOÚ{ egL kZ| g ;fW] bf pQ/sf ¿kdf sd{ cfpg] ePsfn] ;sds{
ljm| of elgPsf] xf] lg t . …d vn] vN] 5Ú' jfSodf s] vN] 5f} eg/] k|Zg ubf{
v]n pQ/ cfof] o;df, …vN] 5Ú' lj|mofn] …v]nÚ sd{ lnof] . To;n} ] …vN] 5Ú' ljm| of
;sd{s lj|mof eof] lg . cem} e"tsfnsf] ljm| of xF'bf t stfd{ f …n]Ú ljelSt
klg nfU5 . h:t} M d}n] vn] vn] ]F .
22 gk] fnL, sIff (
;sds{ M P, To;f] eP, csd{sHo" rflxF lj|mofsf cufl8 …sÚ] / …s;nfOÚ{ eGg] kZ| gsf]
pQ/df sd{ gcfpg] ePsfn] csds{ xg' ' ef <
csd{s M x'g t xf] t/ Tolt …sÚ] / …s;nfO{Ú kZ| gsf] pQ/ gcfpg] cfwf/df
dfq d csds{ eGg] a‰' g' x'Fb}g, /fd/| L yk s'/f a'‰g u?' nfO{ ;f]Wg" lg,
n clxn]nfO{ kmf]g /fv]F .
&= ;sds{ / csds{ ljm| ofkbsf] ko| fu] u/L cfkmn" ] dgfpg] Pp6f kjs{ f] j0fg{ ugx{' f;] \ .
*= lbOPsf zAb k9L ;'?, lar / clGtddf bL3{ Os{ f/ ePsf zAbsf] cnu cnu
;"rL agfpg'xf];\ M
bLk, gjLg, k/LIff, egL, lbbL, 8f6] L, PsLs/0f, ;dLejg, gk] fnL, OndL, ;Ltf, xLg, c;L,
;Ldf, 6Lsf, k|fyL,{ TofuL, ;dLIff, ejbLo
(= kf7df k|ofu] ePsf ;?' , lar / clGtddf bL3{ Os{ f/ ePsf zAb klxrfg u/L
;fyLx¿;u“ 5nkmn ugx{' f;] \ .
l;h{gf / kl/ofh] gf sfo{
!= lbOPsf ab“' fsf cfwf/df 5f]6f] syf tof/ kfg{x' f;] \ M
-s_ Ps hgf ls;fg cfˆgL 5f]/LnfO{ lnP/ 7'nf] /:] 6'/G] 6df hfg'
-v_ 5f]/Lsf nflu Ps Kn]6 dfq ld7fO{ dfUg'
-u_ Psl5gdf Ps Kn]6 ld7fO{ lnP/ sfdbf/ cfpg' / 5f/] LnfO{ lbg'
-3_ p;n] 6'n6' 'n' xf]6nsf] rf/l} t/ x]g{'
-ª_ sfdbf/n] ls;fgnfO{ …c¿ s] NofpFmÚ eg/] ;f]Wg'
-r_ 5f/] L jfbljjfb k|ltofl] utfdf k|yd ePkl5 xf]6n] df ld7fO{ v'jfpg] jrg u/s] fn]
cfpg'
-5_ bz lbgbl] vsf] k};f hDdf u//] ld7fO{ v'jfpg cfPsf] s'/f ug{'
-h_ sfdbf/n] xf]6]njfnfnfO{ Tof] s/' f u/]sf] Psl5g kl5 xf]6]njfnf cfkm}F yk Ps Kn6]
ld7fO{ lnP/ cfpg'
gk] fnL, sIff ( 23
-em_ cgf}7f] dfGb} cfkm"n] ld7fO{ gdfu]sf] s/' f ug{'
-`_ xf]6]njfnfn] tkfOF{sL 5f/] Lsf] xf;} nfsf nflu xfd|ftkm{af6 pkxf/ xf] eGg'
-6_ >LdtLsf nflu ls;fgn] ld7fO{ 3/ nfg vf]Hg'
-7_ xf]6n] jfnfn] 3/sf] nflu 56' 6\ } kfs] f pkxf/s} ¿kdf tof/ kf/s] f 5fF}, of] tkfOsF{ f nflu
xf] vfgx' f];\ eGg'
-8_ ls;fg Hofb} v;' L xg' '
-9_ ;Gtfgn] /fd|f] ubf{ cfdfaa' f v;' L x'g' / uf/} j a9\g'
@= ;fdflhs ljifoj:t'df n]lvPsf] s'g} Ps syf vf]hL To;sf] ljifoj:t' / ;Gbz] sIffdf k:| tt'
ugx{' f];\ .
24 g]kfnL, sIff (
kf7 # s/;] faf/L
ufpF / ;x/sf] 3/ jl/kl/ s/;] faf/L÷ s/];faf/Ldf g;/{ L / pTkfbg eP/
vfg] j]nf ePsf] t/sf/L ÷ >Ldfgn\ ] vGb} u/s] f] / >LdtLn] t/sf/L l6Kb}
u/s] f] lrq
3/n] rrs]{ f] / cfuF gn] cf]u6]/ afFsL /xs] f] hUufnfO{ s/];f] elgG5 . s/;] faf/L] rflxF
3/glhss} f] ;fgf] hUufdf ljleGg k|sf/sf t/sf/L vt] L ul/g] af/L xf] . Jofj;flos t/sf/L
vt] LafnLaf6 ahf/df k7fOg] t/sf/L g} clxn] clwsfz+ efG;fdf kfSg] t/sf/Lsf] d'Vo ;|f]t
xf] . Jofj;flos 9ªu\ n] ul/g] vt] LafnLdf /f;folgs dn, sL6gfzs cfi} fwL k|ofu] ul/g] xbF' f
vfg]s'/fdf ko| fu] ul/g] o:tf /;fog ;f]em} xfdf| ] z/L/df lelqG5g\ . SofG;/, ldufn{} f / d6' ' /f]u
h:tf ;d:of b]lvgs' f] d'Vo sf/0f ljiffSt ;fu;AhLsf] pkofu] klg xf] . To;n} ] ljiffbL/lxt
t/sf/L ;j] g u/]/ :j:y xg' s/];faf/Ldf t/sf/L vt] L ug'{ h?/L 5 . e"uf]n / df;} dcg';f/
To:tf afnLsf ljleGg k|hflt s/;] faf/Ldf ldnfP/ nufpgk' 5{ . cfˆg} s/;] faf/Ldf tfhf,
u0' f:t/Lo / cuf{lgs t/sf/L pTkfbg u/]/ ;lhn} kfl/jfl/s cfjZostf k/" f ug{ ;lsG5 .
xl/of] t/sf/L kmns] f] bZ[ on] 3/sf] ;fG} bo{ jl[ 4 xG' 5 / jftfj/0f klg :jR5 aGg kfp5F . cfˆg}
s/;] faf/Ldf tfhf t/sf/L kmnfpg] cleofg x/s] 3/af6 ;?' ug'{ pkoS' t xG' 5 .
s/];faf/Lsf nflu hldgsf] /]vfª\sg / Joj:yfkg s;/L ug]{ eGg] s'/f dxŒjk0" f{ x'G5 .
s/];faf/Ldf t/sf/L v]tL ubf{ vfnL hldgsf] ;b'kofu] xG' 5 . o:tf] v]tL ubf{ 3/af6 lg:sg]
kmfx] f]/ kfgL / k|fªu\ fl/s j:t'sf] kg' M k|of]u xg' uO{ jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ngdf ;xof]u k'U5 .
s/;] faf/Lsf nflu 56' \ofOPsf] hldgdf kvf{n jf af;F nufO{ af/aGbh] ug{'k5{ . lglZrt
zAbfy{
kh| flt — k|f0fL jf jg:kltsf k|d'v hfltsf] sg' } zfvf
kf| ª\ufl/s — kftkltª\u/ s'xfP/ agfOPsf]
gk] fnL, sIff ( 25
7fpFdf vf8n vgL sDkf:] 6 dn agfpg' pkoS' t x'G5 . g;{/Lsf nflu kfxfl/nf] 7fpF 5'6o\ fpg],
;;fgf ;s' f{ agfpg], ;'sf{sf lardf af6f] /fVg] h:tf sfo{ u/L hldgsf] Joj:yfkg ug{
;lsG5 . s/;] faf/Lsf] 5p] sg' fsf] af/aGbh] u/]sf] 7fpFdf nx/] t/sf/L nufpbF f yfjF |mf lbg' kb}{g .
To:tf t/sf/Lx¿ s/;] faf/Ls} af/df klg nx/fpg] ;Defjgf /xG5 . o;cGtut{ jiffd{ f km;L{,
nf}sf, l3/fFn} f, s/n] f, af]8L cflb / lxpFbdf l;dL, s/] fp cflb nufP/ df};dcg's"n kmfObf lng
;lsG5 . ;s' fs{ f cfnLdf h/] t/sf/L nufpg,] larsf ;'sf{df df};dcg';f/sf pkoS' t t/sf/L
nufpg] ugf{n] yf]/} hldgsf] w/] } pkof]u x'g hfG5 .
s/;] faf/Ldf yf]/} hUufaf6 w]/} pTkfbg lng k|efjsf/L ¿kdf hldgsf] Joj:yfkg ug{' cfjZos
xG' 5 . o;sf nflu dV' o afnL;uF } ;xfos afnL pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 . Pp6f dV' o afnL ePsf]
7fpdF } t/sf/L afnL /f]k]/ ul/g] v]tLnfO{ 3';'jf afnL elgG5 . o;/L vt] L ubf{ klxn] nufP/
x'ls{;s]sf] afnL x6fpg] j]nf;Dd csf{] gofF t/sf/L afnL klg tof/ eO;ss] f] x'G5 . Ps}
hftsf] jf km/s hftsf] eP klg olb Ps} k6s pTkfbg xg' ] t/sf/L 5 eg] To;nfO{ ;do
cl3kl5 kf//] nufpbF f lgoldt ¿kdf t/sf/L pTkfbg xg' ] u5{ . o;f] ul/of] eg] slxn] vfP/}
g;lsg] w]/} t/sf/L pTkfbg xg' ] / slxn] s/;] faf/Ldf t/sf/L g} gx'g] cj:yf /xbF }g . sDkf]:6
vf8n vg]sf] jl/kl/ d'nf, ufh/ h:tf h/]afnL nufpg ;lsG5 . vf8nsf] jl/kl/ nx/] afnL
nufpbF f sDkf]:6 dnsf] ;+/If0f klg xG' 5 . s/;] faf/Ldf n;g' , Kofh, k'lbgf afnL nufpbF f cGo
afnLnfO{ ;d]t ljleGg ls/fsf] ks| fk] af6 hf]ufpg ;lsG5 . o;/L ;du|df af/aGb]h u/s] f]
7fpdF f nx/] t/sf/L, 8\ofªdf h/a] fnL / af6fsf] 5]p5fpdf s/] fp h:tf sf];]afnL nufpFbf
7fpsF f] ;d'lrt ko| fu] / ke| fjsf/L Joj:yfkg xg' hfG5 .
s/;] faf/Ldf v]tL ug]n{ ] v]tL kl| jlw;uF ;dt] kl/lrt xg' ' h?/L xg' fsf ;fy} s/;] faf/Ldf
/fl] kg] t/sf/Lsf] ljljwtfsf af/d] f klg TolQs} hfgsf/L xg' ' cfjZos 5 . hldgsf] tof/L
ubf{ hldgnfO{ /fd/| L vghft] u/L df6f] v'sn' f] / a'a{'/fpbF f] kfgk'{ 5{ . ;Dej eP;Dd hª\unsf]
dflyNnf] txsf] df6f] ko| fu] u/L df6fdf k|fª\ufl/s kbfys{ f] dfqf a9fpg ;lsG5 . lrD6o\ fOnf]
df6f] 5 eg] To;df kz| :t ¿kdf kf| ªu\ fl/s dnsf] dfqf ld;fpgk' 5{ . vghf]t ug{] jm| ddf
pSt 7fpdF f /xs] f afnLsf cjzi] fnfO{ df6fdl' g k'l/lbFbf kl5 ;8/] la?jfsf nflu vfBtŒj aGg
hfG5 . s/];faf/Ldf /fl] kg] t/sf/L Ps y/L l;w} /fl] kg] / csf{ y/L g;/{ Ldf ag] f{ tof/ kf/L
/f]lkg] vfnsf xG' 5g\ . l;w} nufpg ;lsg] afnLdf af8] L, s]/fp, d'nf, ufh/, d]yL, kfnª' \uf],
rD;'/ cflb xg' \ . s/;] faf/Ldf /f]Kg] ag] f{ tof/ kfg{ g;{/Ldf df};dcg';f/sf] t/sf/Lsf laplahg
/f]Kg'k5{ . aGbf, sfpnL, uf]ne8F] f, eG6f, v;' f{gL, Kofh, /fof] h:tf t/sf/Lsf a]gf{ g;{/Ldf
tof/ ePkl5 s/;] faf/Ldf NofP/ /f]Kgk' 5{ . g;/{ Ldf lap /fK] bf dl;gf] cfsf/sf] lapnfO{ w/] }
;s' f]{ — hUufsf] ;fgf] efu jf u/f]
yfj“ m| f ] — sfj“ m| f,] l3/fn“} f cflbsf nx/fnfO{ kml} ng jf emfl“ ugsf nflu eO' d“ f ufl8g] sf7sf] c8;] f]
cjz]if — pkof]udf cfP/ afs“ L jf zi] f /xs] f] j:t '
ag] f { — /fK] g jf ;fg]{ cj:yfsf] ;fgf] la?jf
26 gk] fnL, sIff (
k'gx{' bF' g} . afnLsf] ks| l[ tcg';f/ 5fkf]n] dflyaf6 5fK] g] / la?jfnfO{ t;' f/f,] jiff{ / tfkjm| daf6
arfpg plrt Joj:yfkg ug'{k5{ .
s/;] faf/Ldf v]tL ug{ pkoS' t xg' ] u/L df;} dsf cfwf/df t/sf/LnfO{ lxpFb,] a;Gt] /
av{] t/sf/Lsf ¿kdf klg juL{s/0f ul/G5 . g]kfndf ebf}b]lv c;fh] ;Dd lap a]gf{ /fk] /]
sflQsb]lv df3;Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsg] t/sf/LnfO{ lxpbF ] t/sf/L elgG5 . of] ;dx" sf
t/sf/L afnLsf] pTkfbg lng lr;f] df};d / 5f6] f] lbgsf] cfjZostf k5{ . k';bl] v kmfu'g;Dd
lap / ag] f{ /f]k]/ kmfu'gbl] v h]7;Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsg] t/sf/LnfO{ a;Gt] t/sf/L elgG5 .
jz} fvbl] v c;f/;Dd lap a]gf{ /f]kL c;f/b]lv ef›;Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsg] t/sf/LnfO{
av]{ t/sf/L elgG5 . of] ;d"xsf t/sf/Ldf nfdf] ;dosf] jiff{ ;xg] u0' f x'G5 . o;f] xbF' fxb'F }
klg lxhf]cfh a]df};dL vt] Lsf sf/0f h'g;'s} df};ddf hg' ;'s} t/sf/Lsf] vt] L ug]{ rng klg
rn]s} 5 .
s/;] faf/Ldf t/sf/L vt] L ubf{ dnvfb ko| fu] , l;FrfO / uf]8d]ndf ljzi] f Wofg lbgk' 5{ . df6fsf]
pTkfbsTj / nufOg] afnLsf] ks| l[ tcg';f/ dnsf] ko| fu] ug'k{ 5{ . kft l6k]/ vfg] t/sf/L
/fof], l:j;rf8{, kfn'ª\uf], aGbf, af| ]sfpnL cflbnfO{ gfO6f« h] gsf] a9L cfjZostf k5{ . To;}
u/L kmn vfg] afnLx¿ km;L,{ sfjF m| f], v';fg{ L, 6df6/, eG6f, v/a'hf cflbnfO{ km:kmf]/;sf] a9L
cfjZostf k5{ . sf];] t/sf/Lx¿ af8] L, l;dL, s/] fp, e6df;, asN' nf cflbnfO{ gfO6f« h] gsf]
a9L cfjZostf k5{ . h/a] fnLx¿ dn' f, ufh/, ;nud, cfn', n;'g, Kofh cflbnfO{ kf6] f;sf]
cfjZostf k5{ . o;/L s/];faf/Ldf t/sf/Lsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ dnvfbsf] hfx] f] ug'k{ 5{ . t/sf/L
xl/of] x'g] / ltgdf kfgLsf] dfqf a9L x'gfn] kfgLlagf tL cf]Onfpg] / ;'Sg] l:ylt cfpF5 .
To;} xg' fn] a9L dfqfdf l;rF fOsf] cfjZostf k5{ . ;fdfGotof lap pd|g] j]nf, ag] f{ ;f/s] f
jn] f, dnvfbsf] k|of]u nuQ}, uf8] dn] kZrft\ 8's' cfpg,] kmN' g] / bfgf nfUg] j]nfdf la?jfnfO{
kfgL geO{ xb'F }g . ag] f{ ;f/k] l5 sDtLdf Ps xKtfdf lgoldt ¿kdf l;FrfOsf] Joj:yf xg' ' h?/L
x'G5 . s/];faf/Ldf lgoldt ¿kdf uf]8d]n ugk'{ 5{ . o;f] ugf{n] nufPsf] afnL km:6fpg'sf ;fy}
emf/kft pvN] bf df6f] v'sn' f] klg x'G5 .
s/];faf/Ldf /fdf| ] Joj:yfkgsf nflu afnL x]/km/] / dlNrªdf klg Wofg lbg' jf~5gLo dflgG5 .
km/s df;} ddf pxL af/Ldf ljleGg k|sf/sf afnL pAhfp ug{] cEof;nfO{ afnL x]/km/] elgG5 .
t/sf/Lsf] xl/of kft, kmn, km"n, h/f / sGbdn" nfO{ k|ofu] ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf t/sf/LnfO{ km/s
df;} ddf km/s kf//] nufpg' /fdf| ] x'G5 . s'g} df};ddf d'nf nufPsf] af/Ldf csf{] df};ddf km;L{
of ;fu nufpg' / ;fu nufPsf] af/Ldf d'nf jf ufh/ cfnfk] fnf] u/L nufpg' pko'St x'G5 .
o;/L km/s kfbf{ df6fsf] u'0f:t/ 36g\ ] vt/f /xbF }g . ;w}F pxL df;} ddf pxL afnL nufO/xbF f
5fkf] — afnL pdfg{ / hldg lr;f] /fVg la5o\ fOPsf] 3f;“ kft cflb
lrlrG8f] — l3/f}“nfsf h:tf kft / ;t] f jf sfnf w;f{ ePsf] t/sf/L
pTkfbsTj — pTkfbg ug{] cj:yf jf efj
sGbd"n — df6fdl' g h/fsf ¿kdf kmNg] t?n, cfn,' lk“8fn' cflb kmn
g]kfnL, sIff ( 27
df6fsf] u'0f:t/ 36\g ;S5 . dlNrª egs] f] df6fsf] lr;f] pDsg glbgsf nflu la?jfsf]
jl/kl/ 3f; jf cGo j:tn' ] 9fSg] sfd xf] . o;sf nflu :yfgLo txdf kfOg] w':g', kft kltª\u/
cflbn] la?jfsf] km]b jl/kl/ 5fK] g'k5{ .
s/;] faf/Ldf v]tL ubf{ afnL ;/+ If0fdf ;hu / ;ts{ xg' k' 5{ . s/];faf/Ldf cfjZostfcg;' f/
jfg:klts ljiffbLsf] ko| fu] ug{' pkoS' t xG' 5 . lttf, 6/f{ jf s8f uGw cfpg] cflb ljleGg
lsl;dsf jg:kltnfO{ dnd"qdf s'xfP/ agfOg] jfg:klts ljiffbLsf] ko| fu] af6 s/];faf/L
;/+ If0f ug{ ;lsG5 . cfˆgf] 7fpdF f kfOg] ltt]kftL, lgd, l;:g,' dj] f, c;'/f,] wt/' f], asfOgf],
lv/f{], afe] mf,] l6d'/, v';fg{ L, l;dnL cflbaf6 o:tf] ljiffbL agfpg ;lsG5 . oL j:t'sf kft
tyf d'G6f hDdf u/]/ ;;fgf 6j' m| f u//] sf6g\ k' 5{ . To;nfO{ 8d« df bO' {ltxfO xg' ] u/L eg{'k5{ .
To;kl5 8d« sf] afFsL efudf uxF't /fv/] xfjf gk:g] u/L lasfn{ ] /fd|/L aGb ugk'{ 5{ . 8d« leq
ePsf] jg:klt s'xfpgsf nflu df;} dcg;' f/ @% bl] v #% lbg;Dd 3fd nfUg] :yfgdf /fVg'k5{ .
8«dleq /fd|/L sl' xP/ tof/ ePsf] emfn] nfO{ 5fg/] kfgLdf ld;fO{ s/];faf/Ldf ko| f]u ug{
;lsG5 . o:tf] ljiffbLnfO{ ;fgf] la?jfsf nflu Ps efu ljiffbLdf !) efu kfgL xfNg'k5{ . 7'nf]
la?jfsf nflu Ps efu ljiffbLdf 5 efu kfgL ld;fP/ 5g{ ;lsG5 . o:tf] ljiffbL jiff{ df;} ddf
b'O{ lbg / lxpbF df};ddf rf/ lbgsf] km/sdf k|of]u ug{' pkoS' t x'G5 . olt ubf{ klg afnLdf
ljleGg /fu] / ls/fn] ;tfPdf /fu] / ls/fsf] k|sl[ tcg;' f/ k|fljlws;Fu ;Nnfx lnO{ pkoS' t
ljlw ko| f]u ub}{ /f]u / ls/faf6 afnL arfpg ;hu /xg'k5{ .
xfdLn] cfkm"NffO{ cfjZos kg]{ tfhf t/sf/L cfˆg} s/;] faf/Ldf pTKffbg ug{' cfjZos xG' 5 .
o;/L xfdLn] cfˆgf] 3/ ;/] fk] m/] f]sf] hUufnfO{ ;bk' ofu] ul//fv]sf x'G5fF} . cfˆg} s/];faf/Lsf]
t/sf/L ksfpbF fsf kmfObf 5g\ . xfdLn] rn' fdf lbp/L jf tfKs] a;fNg l7Ss kf/]/ t/sf/L
6kf6k l6k]/ s]nfO{ ld7f / tfhf t/sf/Lsf ljleGg kl/sf/ xfd|f efG;fdf tof/ kfg{ ;S5fF} .
o;af6 dxFuf] / ljiffbLoS' t t/sf/L lsGg' kg]{ cj:yfaf6 d'lSt ldN5 . cfˆgf] ldlxg]t clg
kl;gf ldl;Psf] :jflbnf] t/sf/L vfg kfOG5 . o:tf] t/sf/L vfg'sf] :jfb / dHhf g} a]Un}
x'G5 . Tolt dfq xfO] g, s/];faf/Ldf sfd ubf{ Jofofd, dgf]/~hg / ;dosf] ;dt] ;b'kofu]
xG' 5 . o;f] ubf{ tfhf t/sf/L pAhfP/ vfg kfOg], t/sf/L lsGg] vr{sf] art xg' ] / a9L ePsf]
t/sf/L lajm| L u/]/ cfDbfgL lng klg ;lsG5 . cem pTkfbg u/]sf xl/of, tfhf / ljiffbL/lxt
t/sf/L vfFbf ljleGg /fu] af6 aRg ;lsG5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ …3/ 3/df s/];faf/L, vfcf}F tfhf
t/sf/LÚ cleofgs} ¿kdf cl3 a9fpg' h?/L 5 .
w':g' — k/fn cflbsf] 6j' |mf6fj|mL
;hu — ;rt] , ;fjwfg
ljiffbL — ljifo'St
28 g]kfnL, sIff (
zAbe08f/
! lbOPsf zAb / ltgsf cy{lar hf8] f ldnfpgx' f];\ M
zAb cy{
u'0f:t/Lo ;fusf] Ps k|sf/
uf8] d]n kfgLn] rfF8} unfpg g;Sg] vfnsf]
vf8n sl[ ifpkh
afnL af6] la?jfsf jl/kl/ ePsf emf/kft pvN] g] jf uf8] g\ ] sfd
n6\6] vfN6f]
u'0f:t/ /fdf| ] ePsf]
t/sf/L vfOg] nx/] kmn
@= lbOPsf ljleGg Ifq] df ko| f]u xg' ] kf| ljlws tyf kfl/eflifs zAb k9g\ x' f;] \ /
ltgsf cy{af/] 5nkmn ug'x{ f;] \ M
sfg'g clwjStf, dr' N' sf, jf/];, tfl/v, lauf], hdfgt
kz| f;g btf,{ rnfgL, l6Kk0fL, ;?jf, a9'jf, kl/kq
jfl0fHo cfoJoo, /fh:j, efr} /, a]?h', lgsf;L, km:of6{]
lj1fg / kl| jlw pmhf{, ;+jxg, tfkjm| d, of}lus, ljls/0f, hLjf0f'
jg s6fgL, km8F fgL, j[If/fk] 0f, lgs'~h, cf/If, 6fFrf
lzIff k/LIff, d"Nofª\sg, 5fqjl[ Q, kf7\oj|md, k[i7kfi] f0f
;flxTo /;, 5Gb, cnªs\ f/, ljwf, jfb, b[li6laGb'
;~rf/ k;| f/0f, kl/;j+ fb, Odn] , ;DkfbsLo, b/" ;~rf/, ;dfrf/ kq
#= …s/;] faf/LÚ lgaGwaf6 sl[ if If]qdf ko| fu] xg' ] kf“rcf6] f kfl/eflifs tyf kf| ljlws
zAb l6kL jfSodf k|ofu] ug'{xf];\ .
$= lbOPsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] ug{x' f];\ M
cfTdlge{/, sDkf:] 6, g;/{ L, laplahg, /f;folgs
g]kfnL, sIff ( 29
afw] / cleJolSt
!= lbOPsf zAbsf] z4' ;u“ pRrf/0f ugx{' f;] \ M
cuf{lgs, k0| ffnL, aa' {'/fpbF f], kfnª' \uf], Kofh, l;FrfO, h}ljs, ljiffbLoS' t
@= …s/];faf/LÚ lgaGwsf cg'R5]b kfn}kfnf] lzIfsn] tf]ss] f] ;doleq ;:j/jfrg
ugx{' f;] \ .
#= lgaGwsf] klxnf] cgR' 5b] >'ltn]vg ug'{xf;] \ .
$= lgaGwsf] cflb efudf ljifoj:ts' f] kl/ro lbOG5 . dWo efudf ljifosf]
lj:tf/ / pTsif{ /xG5 . clGtd efu lgaGwsf] lgisif{ efusf ¿kdf
/xG5 . To;}n] lgaGw sDtLdf tLg cgR' 5]bbl] v cfjZostfcg';f/ cg'R5b]
;ªV\ of a9fO{ /rgf ug{ ;lsG5 . …s/;] faf/LÚ lgaGw k9L lgaGwsf] ;+/rgfsf
af/d] f lgDglnlvt k|Zgsf] pQ/ eGg'xf];\ M
-s_ s/];faf/L lgaGw slt cgR' 5b] df ;+/lrt 5 <
-v_ lgaGwsf] bf;] f| ] cg'R5]bsf] cfzo s] xf] <
-u_ jfSo ;ªV\ ofsf b[li6n] 5f6] f] / nfdf] cg'R5b] s'g xf] <
-3_ lgaGwdf afnL x]/km/] sf] ljifoj:t' sg' cg'R5]bdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 <
-ª_ lgaGwsf] lgisif{ sg' cgR' 5]bdf cfPsf] 5 <
%= lbOPsf] lgaGwsf] c+z k9L ;fl] wPsf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ eGgx' f];\ M
s/];faf/Ldf v]tL ug{ pko'St x'g] u/L df;} dsf cfwf/df t/sf/LnfO{ lxpFb,] a;Gt] / av]{
t/sf/Lsf ¿kdf klg juL{s/0f ul/G5 . g]kfndf ebf}bl] v c;fh] ;Dd lap a]gf{ /f]k]/ sflQsb]
lv df3;Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsg] t/sf/LnfO{ lxpFb] t/sf/L elgG5 . of] ;d"xsf t/sf/L
afnLsf] pTkfbg lng lr;f] df;} d / 5f]6f] lbgsf] cfjZostf k5{ . k';bl] v kmfu'g;Dd lap
/ ag] f{ /f]k/] kmfu'gb]lv h7] ;Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsg] t/sf/LnfO{ a;Gt] t/sf/L elgG5 .
j}zfvb]lv c;f/;Dd lap ag] f{ /fk] L c;f/bl] v ef›;Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsg] t/sf/LnfO{
av]{ t/sf/L elgG5 . of] ;dx" sf t/sf/Ldf nfdf] ;dosf] jiff{ ;xg] u0' f x'G5 . o;f]
xb'F fxbF' } klg lxhf]cfh ad] f};dL v]tLsf sf/0f h'g;s' } df;} ddf h'g;'s} t/sf/Lsf] v]tL
ug{] rng klg rn]s} 5 .
kZ| gx¿
-s_ cgR' 5]bdf t/sf/LnfO{ sg' sg' ks| f/df juL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 <
30 g]kfnL, sIff (
-v_ lxpFb] t/sf/L afnLsf nflu s:tf] df;} d cfjZos xG' 5 <
-u_ av]{ t/sf/L / a;Gt] t/sf/Ldf s:tf] leGgtf kfOG5 <
-3_ ad] f;} dL t/sf/L vt] Lsf] rng lsg rnfOPsf] xf]nf <
^= lbOPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ nV] gx' f];\ M
-s_ afnL ljljwtf egs] f] s] xf] <
-v_ s/;] faf/Ldf t/sf/L nufpFbf hldgsf] Joj:yfkgdf Wofg lbg'kg{] kIf pNnv]
ug{'xf];\ .
-u_ jfg:klts ljiffbLsf] lgdf{0f / ko| fu] ug{] tl/sf j0fg{ ug'x{ f;] \ .
&= lbOPsf] cg'R5b] k9\gx' f;] \ / ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M
kY[ jLdf /xs] f af]6la?jf, sL6ktªu\ , r/fr?' ª\uL, hgfj/ / dflg; k/:k/df lge{/
5g\ . kf| 0fLn] vfBtŒj / clS;hg af]6la?jfaf6 kfp5F g\ . af]6la?jfn] klg cfkmn" fO{
rflxg] xfjf / vfg]s/' f hLjhGt'af6 lnG5g\ . dflg; tyf hgfj/sf dnd"q af]6la?jfsf
pQd vfgf x'g\ . ;8u] ns] f kftkltªu\ /nfO{ s'xfP/ af]6la?jfsf nflu vfg ofU] o dn
agfpg] sfd sL6ktª\un] u5g{ \ . o;/L kY[ jLsf kf| 0fL / jg:kltsf lardf n]gbg] k|ljm| of
rj|m emF} 3'ld/xG5 . o:t} cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGwn] k[YjLdf hLjsf] cl:tTj ;Dej ePsf]
xf] . oxL lng] lbg] kl| jm| of gldn]/ clxn] jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0f a9]sf] 5 . k[YjLdf /xs] f
;a} kz'kG5L, sL6ktªu\ / jg:klt cfk;df lge/{ ePsfn] kofj{ /0fLo ;Gt'ngsf nflu
oL ;a}sf] cfjZostf 5 . vt] LkftLsf zq' ls/f, km6\ofª\uf| , ;'n;'n], d';f, v/fof], b'D;L,
afFb/;d]t kof{j/0fLo ;Gtn' gsf nflu cfjZos 5g\ . o:tf hLjnfO{ dfg]{ xfO] g wkfpg]
/ eufpg] pkfo vf]Hgk' 5{ .
-s_ pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ M
-c_ k|f0fLn] af6] la?jfaf6 s] kfpF5g\ <
-cf_ s:tf vfgf af6] la?jfsf nflu pQd vfgf x'g\ <
-O_ k|f0fL / jg:kltlarsf] ng] bg] k|ljm| ofn] s] s/' f ae' mfpF5 <
-O_{ kofj{ /0fLo ;Gt'ngsf nflu s:tf] pkfo ckgfpgk' 5{ <
-v_ efiff ;+/rgf klxrfg ugx{' f];\ M
-c_ …jg:kltÚ / …kb| i" f0fÚ zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ugx{' f];\ . 31
g]kfnL, sIff (
-cf_ dflysf] cgR' 5b] df sg' sg' ;o+ fh] s ko| fu] ePsf 5g\ .
-O_ cg'R5b] df /xs] f] …v]tLkftLsf zq' ls/f, km6o\ fªu\ f| , ;n' ;'n,] d';f, v/fof],
bD' ;L, afFb/;d]t kofj{ /0fLo ;Gtn' gsf nflu cfjZos 5g\ .Ú jfSoaf6
gfdofu] L klxrfg ug{x' f];\ .
-O_{ cgR' 5b] af6 ;?' , lar / clGtddf x:| j psf/ nfu/] ags] f Ps Pscf6] f zAb
klxrfg u/L nV] gx' f;] \ .
*= JofVof ug{'xf;] \ M
xl/of] t/sf/L kmns] f] bZ[ on] 3/sf] ;fG} bo{ jl[ 4 xG' 5 / jftfj/0f klg :jR5 aGg kfp5F .
(= lbOPsf kZ| gsf] ljj]rgfTds pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \ M
-s_ s/];faf/Ldf dnvfb k|ofu] , l;FrfO / uf]8d]nsf af/d] f kf7df JoSt ljifoj:tk' l| t
cfˆgf wf/0ff JoSt ugx{' f;] \ .
-v_ s/;] faf/Lsf] pkof]uaf6 s;/L kmfObf lng ;lsG5, cfˆg} z}nLdf rrf{
ug'{xf;] \ .
!)= lbOPsf] ;Gbe{ k9g\ 'xf];\ / …s/];faf/LÚ lgaGwsf] bf];|f] / t];|f] cgR' 5b] af6 zLif{
jfSo klxrfg u/L nV] g'xf];\ M
l;nl;nfa4 ¿kdf ljrf/ jf efjnfO{ Ps} kj| fxdf JoSt u/L nl] vPsf] jfSo ;dx" nfO{
cg'R5]b elgG5 . j0fg{ fTds, cfTdk/s, JofVofTds, cfVofgfTds h:tf ;a} ks| [ltsf
cgR' 5]bdf ljrf/n] jfSo z[ª\vnfnfO{ PsLs[t u/]sf] kfOG5 . cg'R5b] cfsf/n] ;fgf]
7'nf] h:tf] eP klg cfkmF}df k"0f{ xG' 5 . cg'R5b] /rgfdf cflb, dWo / ;dfkg efu xG' 5 .
cg'R5b] nv] gsf] ;?' df zLif{ jf d'Vo jfSo lbOPsf] xG' 5 . dWodf d'Vo jf zLif{ jfSodf
k|:t't ePsf] ljrf/nfO{ k'li6 ug{ ;xofu] L jfSo cfPsf x'G5g\ . oL jfSo n]vssf]
b[li6sf0] f k|:tt' ug{] dV' o jfSosf] If]qeGbf aflx/ hfFbg} g\ . ;dfkg efudf zLif{ / dWodf
elgPsf ljrf/sf] lgisif{ k|:t't ul/G5 . ;fdfGotM cg'R5]bdf o:t} 9frF fnfO{ ckgfOPsf]
xG' 5 . j0f{gfTds cgR' 5b] df ljifoj:ts' f] ;r" gf jf tYonfO{ jm| lds ¿kdf k|:t't
ul/G5 . o;df zLifs{ jf ljifoj:t'nfO{ g} dV' o dflgG5 .
!!= …km"naf/LÚ zLif{sdf Pp6f j0fg{ fTds cgR' 5]b tof/ ug'x{ f;] \ .
!@= …s/];faf/LÚ lgaGwsf] kf“rf“} cgR' 5]baf6 rf/cf]6f a'“bf l6kf6] u/L ;f/fz+
nV] gx' f;] \ .
32 g]kfnL, sIff (
!#= lbOPsf] ;Gbe{ k9\g'xf];\ / tfl] sPsf] sfo{ ug'{xf;] \ M
d]/f] gfd wg/fh wfdL xf] . d]/f] 3/ ;'b"/klZrd k|bz] sf] bfrn{' f lhNnfdf k5{ . d/] f] 3/
ePsf] 7fpF bfr'n{ fsf] n]sd ufpkF flnsf j8f gDa/ @ sf] w/d3/ xf] . d gf} sIffdf
k95\ ' . d/] f] 3/df aa' f, cfdf, lbbL, efO / d 5fF} . d/] f cfdfa'afn] v]tL ls;fgL
ug'x{ 'G5 . pxfFx¿n] wfg, ux'F, sfb] f], ds} kmnfpg'xG' 5 . 3/df cGg leœofPsf] lbg
cfkm"n] u/]sf] ldlxg]tsf] kmn b]v/] xfn] f pxfFx¿ c;fWo} v;' L xg' x' 'G5 . 3/ jl/kl/
s/;] faf/L klg 5 . xfdf| ] 3/sf] s/];faf/Ldf 3/df vfgsf nflu a;{e} l/ t/sf/L pTkfbg
ul/G5 . s/;] faf/Lsf] sfddf lbbL / d}n] klg ;3fpF5f}F . d}n] s/;] faf/Lsf] la?jf /
t/sf/Ldf xKtfdf bO' { lbg kfgL nufpg] u5'{ . kfgL nufpg] lbgdf rflxF d ljBfnoaf6
cfP/ ux[ sfo{ ;s]kl5 Psl5g v]N5' / la?jfdf kfgL nufpF5' . la?jfdf kfgL xfNbf
kfgL vfg kfP/ la?jf / t/sf/L lgSs} v';L ePsf xg' \ ls emF} dnfO{ nfU5 . o;/L
cfˆgf] k9fO ;s/] 3/df cfdfaa' fsf] sfddf ;3fpg kfpFbf Hofb} v;' Lsf] cge' j x'G5 .
cfkmn}F ] l;rF fO u//] pAhfPsf] t/sf/L vfFbfv]l/ t dnfO{ ;fx|} cfgGb kf] cfpF5 .
3/df stJ{ olgi7 eO{ s'g} sfddf ;+nUg ePsf] cge' j sIffdf k:| t't ug{x' f];\ .
;'gfO / af]nfO
!= ;g' fO kf7 # ;'Gg'xf];\ / pkoS' t ljsNkdf l7s lrxg\ nufO{ eGg'xf;] \ M
-s_ lgaGwsf/nfO{ s]df a:g dg nfus] f] 5 <
-c_ d]r -cf_ 6a] n'
-O_ ;s' n' -O_{ vf6
-v_ dr] df a:g] JolStdf sg' s/' f xG' 5 <
-c_ r~rntf -cf_ k|fsl[ tstf
-O_ :jfefljstf -O{_ kl/jt{gzLntf
-u_ dr] df v'66\ f xNnfP/ a:g] JolStnfO{ s:tf] JolStsf ¿kdf JoªU\ o ul/Psf] 5 <
-c_ enfbdLsf ¿kdf -cf_ sljsf ¿kdf
-O_ Clifdl' gsf ¿kdf -O{_ :jfyL{sf ¿kdf
@= tkfO{“nfO{ s:tf] kf| s[lts jftfj/0f dg k5{, sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf;] \ .
gk] fnL, sIff ( 33
eflifs ;/+ rgf / j0fl{ jGof;
!= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9g\ 'xf];\ / /ftf] /ª nufOPsf kb gfdofu] L, lj|mofof]uL /
;o+ fh] sdWo] s] x'g\, klxrfg ug{x' f];\ M
ltdL e¥ofª pSn/] dfly hfpm . eft vfO{ k9g\ ] sf]7fdf hfpm clg aG] rdfly a; . tn
kms]/{ x/] . ToxfF snd aG] rtn v;]sf] 5 . snd 6kSs l6k / nV] g yfn . ha ltdL
To;n] nV] 5f} ta ltdL v;' L xg' ] 5f} . Tof] sndn] n]Vbf d;L ntkltbF g} .
@= pbfx/0fdf lbOP h:t} gfdofu] L, ljm| ofof]uL / ;o+ fh] s zAb kf7af6 vf]h/]
n]Vgx' f];\ M
Gffdofu] L ljm| ofof]uL ;o+ f]hs
dfly, cufl8 === cfh, ef]ln === /, t/ ===
#= bO' { bO' {cf]6f gfdof]uL, lj|mofof]uL / ;o+ fh] s kg{] u/L …;dfh ;]jfÚ zLifs{ df
Pp6f cgR' 5b] tof/ ugx'{ f;] \ .
$= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L lgkft / lj:doflbaf]ws kb klxrfg ug{x' f;] \ M
cfxf Û s:tf] ;kmf df;} d . ;w}F o:t} /x] t ;a} hgf lg/fu] L eOGYof] Sof/] . k'; dlxgf
;DembF f klg dnfO{ t clxNo} hf8f] xf]nf h:tf] kf] nfU5 Aof/] . udL{ df;} d klg v} s]
/fdf| ] eGg' / < 5\of Û dnfO{ t udLd{ f htftt} lemuF f eGs]sf] bV] bf lg lbSs nfU5 .
%= lgaGwaf6 vf]h/] kF“rcf]6f lgkft zAb l6kf6] ug{'xf];\ .
^= c/,] nf,} x}, g, cfx] f,] lar/f, s7} h:tf zAb k|of]u u/L ;8s b'3{6gf zLif{sdf
Pp6f cgR' 5b] tof/ ug{x' f];\ .
&= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L zAbsf] ;?' , lar / clGtddf x|:j psf/ - '_ nfu]sf zAb
klxrfg ugx{' f];\ M
d'sG' bdl0f l3p aR] g pbok'/ lx8F ] . pgn] af6fdf pl;gs] f] cfn' / lk8F fns' f] vfhf
vfP . To;} j]nf af6fdf uf?] bv] /] s's'/ eS' b} lyof] . Toltv]/ sta} f6 dl' gsd' f/ 6K' nS' s
cfOk'u] . pgn] eg,] æs's/' sf] kR' 5/ afx| jif;{ Dd 9'ª\uf| df /fv] klg afªu\ fsf] afªu\ }
xG' 5 .Æ d'lgs'df/sf] a;] '/sf] s'/f ds' 'Gbdl0fn] a‰' g} ;s]gg\ .
34 gk] fnL, sIff (
*= zAbsf] ;?' , lar / clGtddf x:| j psf/ - _' x'g] tLg tLgcf6] f zAb kf7af6
vfh] ]/ nV] gx' f;] \ .
l;h{gf / kl/ofh] gf sfo{
!= …Joj;fod'vL s[lifÚ zLifs{ df lgaGw tof/ ug'{xf];\ .
@= /l] 8of] tyf 6]lnlehg h:tf ljBt' Lo ;~rf/ dfWoddf k;| fl/t s[lif sfoj{ m| d
;'g]/ jf x]/]/ To;sf ljifoj:ta' f/] sIffdf 5nkmn ug'{xf;] \ .
gk] fnL, sIff ( 35
kf7 $ lgjb] g
ldlt @)&*.)*.@!
>L cWoIfHo",
/fd]5fk gu/kflnsf, j8f gDa/ #, /fd5] fk .
ljifo M cfly{s ;xofu] ;DaGwdf .
dxfb] o,
pko{S' t ;DaGwdf /fd5] fk gu/kflnsf, ;f3F '6f/df cjl:yt >L lxduª\uf dfWolds ljBfnodf
afnaflnsfsf] ;/+ If0f / ;'/Iffsf ;fy;fy} ljBfyL{sf zl} Ifs / cltl/St lj|mofsnfkdf yk dbt
ug]{ p2]Zon] afnSna u7g ul/Psf] 5 . ljBfnoleqsf] o; afnSnan] ljleGg ;r]tgfd"ns
sfo{j|md ;~rfng ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f oxfF ;dIf ljgd| lgj]bg ub{5fF} .
cfh x/]s 6fn] 6fn] / ufpF ufpFdf afnljjfx tyf afnlx+;fsf] /fs] yfdsf nflu ;rt] gf
sfoj{ m| d ;~rfng ug'{ cTofjZos b]lvG5 . afnaflnsfdf x'g] 3/n] ', ;fdflhs, nª} l\ us cflb
k|s[ltsf lx;+ f k"0ft{ M /f]lsg ;s]sf 5g} g\ eGg] s/' f ;do ;dodf ;~rf/dfWoddf cfPsf
;dfrf/n] k'li6 u/]s} 5g\ . 3/kl/jf/, 5/l5ds] / ljBfnodf cfOk/s] f afnaflnsf;DaGwL
;d:of ;dfwfgfy{ afnSnan] ;xhLs/0f ug{ ;S5 . To;sf ;fy} ljBfnodf ;fOa/ ;bk' of]u /
;fOa/ ck/fwaf/] ;rt] gf hfu/0f;dt] cfjZos bl] vPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu k|ydtM ljBfnosf
lszf]/lszf/] LnfO{ g} ;r]t u/fpgk' g]{ xG' 5 . pgLx¿n] ;fyLefOsf lardf cfˆgf ;d:of
vn' /] JoSt ug,{] ;d:ofaf/] ljdz{ ug,{] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] af6f] vf]Hg] h:tf Ifdtf ljsf;
ug]{ vfnsf sfo{j|md cfofh] gf ugk{' g{] b]lvG5 . lszf]/lszf/] Lsf] d"n ;dx" / To;kl5
pk;d"x lgdf{0f ugk{' g]{ xG' 5 . pgLx¿df l;h{gfTds sf}zn, cfzfjfbL ;f]r /
hLjgfk] of]uL l;kaf/] ;r]tgf k|bfg ug{'kg]{ bl] vG5 . o:tf sfoj{ |mdaf6 lszf]/lszf]/Ldfly
cfOkg{ ;Sg] ;d:ofsf] r]tgf lbg tyf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgdf ;xof]u k¥' ofpg ;S5g\ .
zAbfy{
;rt] gfd"ns — ljz]if ;rt] gf jf ;tst{ f kmn} fpg] vfnsf]
lbuf] — c¿nfO{ kL8f lbg] jf c;/ k¥' ofpg] sfd
ljdz { — s'g} ljifoj:t'af/] ul/g] ljjr] gf jf ljrf/, ax;
hLjgf]kof]uL — hLjgsf nflu sfd nfUg]
36 gk] fnL, sIff (
afnSnan] cfdf ;d"x, o'jfSna h:tf ;fdflhs ;ª3\ ;:+ yf;Fu ;xsfo{ ug{ ;S5 . o;n]
;fdflhs ljs[lt / lj;ª\ultsf lj?4 ;sf/fTds el" dsf lgjfx{ ug{ ;S5 . afnaflnsfsf]
cfgLafgLdf kl/jtg{ NofO{ ;fdflhs dN" o, dfGotf, ;+:sl[ t / cfr/0f jl[ 4 ug{ klg ljleGg vfnsf
;rt] gfdn" s sfoj{ m| d cfofh] gf ug{' cfjZos 5 . o:tf ultljlw ;~rfngaf6 afnaflnsfsf]
clwsf/ / st{Jok|lt ;r]tgf hufpg ;lsG5 . afnljjfx, afnlx+;f, ;fdflhs bJ' oj{ xf/ h:tf
kIfsf] Gog" Ls/0fsf nflu ;ª3\ ;:+ yf tyf :yfgLo lgsfosf] dxŒjk"0f{ el" dsf /xG5 . xfd|f] o;
ljBfnodf ul7t afnSnan] klxn] ljBfnodf / To;kl5 ;dfhdf uP/ ;r]tgf km}nfpg] p2Z] o
/fv]sf] 5 . pSt p2]Zocg'¿k labfsf] lbg ufp;F x/sf d'Vo :yfgdf ljleGg ;r]tgf sfoj{ m| d
cfof]hgf ug{ nfus] f] 5 . afnSnan] n3'gf6s, kx| ;g, ;r" gf kj| fx, cfk;L 5nkmn cflb k4lt
ckgfO{ ;dfh ;'wf/sf] of]hgf klg agfPsf] 5 . ljBfnosf ;du| afnaflnsfsf] xslxtsf
;fy;fy} ;dfh kl/jtg{ df ;3fp k¥' ofpg] p2]Zon] ug{ vfl] hPsf] o; k|sl[ tsf sfo{jm| dsf
nflu afnSnan] cIfosfi] f v8f ul/;s]sf] 5 . pSt sf]ifdf ljBfnosf lzIfs sdr{ f/Ln] Ps
lbgsf] tna hDdf u/L ljBfyLs{ f] sfdnfO{ yk cfly{s ;xofu] tyf xf;} nf kb| fg ug'{ePsf]
5 . afnSnan] cfof]hgf ug{ nfu]sf o; lsl;dsf sfo{j|mdsf nflu o; j8f sfofn{ oaf6 klg
cflys{ ;xofu] u/L ljBfyL{sf] ;Tko| f;nfO{ dfub{ z{gsf ;fy} yk xf;} nf kb| fg ul/lbgx' g' xflbs{
cg'/fw] ub5{ f}F .
lgjb] s
-================================_
cWoIf
l;h{gzLn afnSna
lxduª\uf dfWolds ljBfno
k|x;g — x“;fpg] jf dgf/] ~hg lbg] p2]Zon] tof/ kfl/g] ¿ks ljwfsf] Ps e]b
k|jfx — k|rf/k|;f/
cIfosf]if — d"n wg gdfl;g] u/L aª} \sdf /flvg] k};f
g]kfnL, sIff ( 37
zAbe08f/
!= lbOPsf zAb / cyl{ ar hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M
zAb cy{
p2]Zo ;/n agfpg] sfd
3/n] ' sfd u/]afkt dfl;s ¿kdf kfpg] /sd, j]tg
;xhLs/0f ;Fu;uF } ul/g] sfd
sfz} n Jofjxfl/s
;xsfo{ v/fa jf cgl' rt Jojxf/
bJ' o{jxf/ k|jL0f
tna nIo, Woo]
3/fo;L
hl6ntf
@= lbOPsf] cgR' 5b] k9L cfuGts' zAb, l;ª\uf] zAb / ;ªl\ IfKt zAb klxrfg
ug{x' f];\ M
dfx] g;uF kmf]gdf d/] f] s/' fsfgL eO/xG5 . efOa/, :sfOk / d;] ]Gh/df s/' f ubf{ t
kmf]6f] klg x]g{ ;lsG5 . g]=k=| k|= sf] ;ef xndf rNb} u/]sf] gfrufg t d}n] 6l] nlehgdf
x]/F] . df]xgn] pSt sfoj{ m| d km];a's nfOedf x]/]5g\ . ToxfF /f=;=;= sf kqsf/ klg
cfpge' Psf] /x]5 . sf=d=kf=sf d]o/ klg ToxfF xg' x' 'GYof] . k|dv' cltlyn] eGg'eof,] æcfh
GjfuLsf] lbg xf] . of] rf8 xfd|f] dn' s' df ztfAbLb]lv g} dgfOFb} cfPsf] 5 . xfdL ;an} ]
k/Dk/fcg;' f/sf xfdf| rf8af8 hLjGt /fVg'k5{ . cGTodf g[To k|ltofl] utfdf ljhoL xg' ]
;an} fO{ z'esfdgf .Æ
#= lbOPsf zAb cnu cnu jfSodf k|ofu] x'g] u/L Pp6f cg'R5b] /rgf
ugx'{ f];\ M
zl} Ifs, afnSna, ck/fw, cfr/0f, xslxt, ;:+ sl[ t, kl/jt{g
38 gk] fnL, sIff (
af]w / cleJolSt
!= lbOPsf zAbsf] z4' ;u“ pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ M
;+/If0f, l;h{gfTds, lj;ªu\ lt, cfly{s, dfu{bzg{ , Gog" Ls/0f, eljio, sfi] f
@= ‘lgjb] g’ kf7 ;:j/jfrg ug{'xf];\ / lzIfssf] ;xof]udf kT| o]s ;fyLsf] jfrg
;do, xfpefp, z'4tf cflb kIfdf 5nkmn ugx'{ f;] \ .
#= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9g\ 'xf];\ / ;fl] wPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
;r" gf ;Dk|i] f0fsf nflu nl] vg] cg/' fw] kq lgjb] g xf] . ljifosf] ks| l[ tsf cfwf/df
lgj]bg nv] gdf ljljwtf x'G5 . lgj]bgsf] bfoflF t/ l;/fgdf ldlt nl] vG5 . To;sf] afofFlt/
;:+ yf kd| v' jf ;:+ yfnfO{ ;Dafw] g ul/G5 . To;sf] l7s tn 7]ufgf n]lvG5 . To;kl5
sg' ljifodf lgjb] g n]lvPsf] xf], ;f] ljifo pNnv] ul/G5 . To;sf] l7s dl' g lgjb] sn]
lgjb] gdf pNn]v ug{ vf]hs] f s'/fnfO{ Ps jf ;fe] Gbf a9L cg'R5]bdf l;nl;nfa4
¿kdf k:| tt' ul/G5 . lgj]bgsf ljifoj:t' ;sk] l5 ljzi] f cg/' f]w jf cfux| hgfpg]
jfSo /flvG5 . lgjb] gsf] cGTodf bfofFlt/ lgjb] ssf] gfd, cfjZostfcg';f/ kb /
7]ufgf;dt] /fvL x:tfIf/ ul/G5 .
k|Zgx¿
-s_ lgjb] g lsg nl] vG5 <
-v_ lgjb] gdf ldlt sxfF n]Vgk' 5{ <
-u_ lgj]bgdf ljifo lsg nl] vG5 <
-3_ lgjb] gdf lgjb] ssf] cfux| sf] k|:t'lt sxfgF ]/ ul/G5 <
$= lbOPsf k|Zgsf] dfl} vs pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M
-s_ lgj]bg s;n] s;nfO{ n]v]sf] xf] <
-v_ afnSnasf cWoIfn] s:tf] ;xof]usf] ck]Iff u/]sf 5g\ <
-u_ lszf/] lszf]/Ln] cfˆgf ;d:of s;/L ;dfwfg ug{ ;S5g\ <
-3_ ;fOa/sf] ;bk' ofu] s;/L ugk'{ 5{ <
gk] fnL, sIff ( 39
%= lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b k9L ;fl] wPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf;] \ M
afnljjfx, afnlx+;f, ;fdflhs b'Joj{ xf/ h:tf kIfsf] Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;ª\3;:+ yf
tyf :yfgLo lgsfosf] dxŒjk"0f{ el" dsf /xG5 . xfdf| ] o; ljBfnodf ul7t afnSnan]
klxn] ljBfnodf / To;kl5 ;dfhdf uP/ ;rt] gf kmn} fpg] p2Z] o /fv]sf] 5 .
pSt p2Z] ocg¿' k labfsf] lbg ufpF;x/sf d'Vo :yfgdf ljleGg ;rt] gf sfoj{ m| d
cfof]hgf ug{ nfus] f] 5 . afnSnan] n3g' f6s, kx| ;g, ;"rgf k|jfx, cfk;L 5nkmn cflb
k4lt ckgfO{ ;dfh ;w' f/sf] ofh] gf klg agfPsf] 5 . ljBfnosf ;du| afnaflnsfsf]
xslxtsf ;fy;fy} ;dfh kl/jtg{ df ;3fp k¥' ofpg] p2]Zon] ug{ vfl] hPsf] o;
ks| [ltsf sfo{j|mdsf nflu afnSnan] cIfosf]if v8f ul/;s]sf] 5 . pSt sfi] fdf
ljBfnosf lzIfs sdr{ f/Ln] Ps lbgsf] tna hDdf u/L ljBfyL{sf] sfdnfO{ yk cfly{s
;xofu] tyf xf;} nf k|bfg ug'e{ Psf] 5 . afnSnan] cfof]hgf ug{ nfus] f o; lsl;dsf
sfo{j|mdsf nflu o; j8f sfof{noaf6 klg cfly{s ;xof]u u/L ljBfyLs{ f] ;Tk|of;nfO{
dfub{ z{gsf ;fy} yk xf;} nf kb| fg ul/lbg'xg' xflb{s cg'/fw] ub5{ fF} .
k|Zgx¿
-s_ ljBfnodf ul7t afnSnasf] p2]Zo s] xf] <
-v_ afnSnan] sg' lbg ;rt] gf sfoj{ |md cfof]hgf ug{ nfu]sf] xf] <
-u_ afnSnan] ;dfhdf s;/L ;rt] gf kmn} fpg vf]h]sf] 5 <
-3_ afnSnasf nflu agfOPsf] cIfosfi] fdf s;/L ;f| ]t h'6fOPsf] 5 <
^= lbOPsf] ze' sfdgf kq k9L gof“ jif{sf] cj;/df ;fyLnfO{ lbOg] ze' sfdgf kq
tof/ ugx'{ f;] \ M
>L ================================================================================== Ho",
z'esfdgf
df3L kj{sf pknIodf oxf“ / oxf“sf]
kl/jf/sf] ;v' , zflGt, ;dl[ 4 / cf/f]Uosf]
xflbs{ ze' sfdgf
JoSt ub5{ f}{“ .
bof/fd yf? Pjd\ kl/jf/
40 gk] fnL, sIff (
&= gf} sIffsf ljBfyLs{ f tkma{ f6 z}lIfs ed| 0fsf] k|aGw ldnfOlbg cg/' f]w ub{}
ljBfnosf kw| fgfWofksnfO{ nV] g] lgjb] gsf] gd'gf tof/ kfg{x' f];\ .
*= tkfOs{“ f] ;dfhdf cfOk/]sf ;fdflhs ;d:ofaf/] 5nkmn u/L lgisif{ sIffdf
;g' fpgx' f;] \ .
(= lbOPsf] lgj]bgsf] gdg' f k9L hx] g] bf/ 5fqj[lQsf nflu ljBfnosf
k|wfgfWofksnfO{ lgj]bg n]Vgx' f;] \ M
ldlt @)&*.)#.)%
>L k|wfgfWofksHo",
eujtL dfWolds ljBfno
vf6] x] fª ufpFkflnsf &, vf6] fª .
ljifo M k:' tsfno Jojl:yt ug]{ ;DaGwdf .
dxf]bo,
dflg;df gofF gofF s/' f hfGg] ?lr x'G5 . oxL ?lrsf sf/0f dflg; ;j{>]i7 k|f0fL
sxlnPsf] 5 . xfdL ljBfyL{df klg gofF 1fg xfl;n ug{] ef]s hfUg' :jfefljs g}
xf] . xfd|f] ljBfnon] 56' \6} k':tsfnosf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . of] v';Lsf] s/' f xf] . oBlk
k':tsfnodf ljifoj:ts' f] yk cWoogsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ lzIff, ;flxTo, ;dfh,
v]ns'b, lj1fg, bz{g, k|ljlw cflb kIf;Fu ;DalGwt k:' tssf] cefj g} bl] vG5 . sltko
k/' fgf k':ts kN6fpg} ufxf| ] x'g] u/L hL0f{ eO;s]sf 5g\ . k:' tsfnodf ljleGg ljifo
Ifq] sf 1fgjws{ ;Gbe{;fduL| yKg'kg]{ bl] vPsf] 5 . k:' tsfnodf lgoldt k9\g] afgLsf]
ljsf; ug{sf nflu a:g] :yfgsf] ;dl' rt Joj:yfkg klg cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . vfhf
;do jf vfnL lkl/o8df dfq k':tsfnodf hfg]eGbf klg x/s] lbg s]xL ;do ldnfO{
k:' tsfnodf g} a;]/ cWoog ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOlbgx' 'g ;fb/ cg'/f]w ub{5fF} .
lgj]bs
gf} sIffsf ljBfyL{
g]kfnL, sIff ( 41
!)= lbOPsf] awfO{ kq k9\gx' f];\ / /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]uåf/f cfofl] ht kflnsf
:t/Lo jStT[ jsnf kl| tof]lutfdf k|yd ePsL 5fqfnfO{ lbOg] awfO{ kqsf] gdg' f
tof/ kfgx{' f];\ M
>L ;Gb]z kh| fktLHo,"
hgtf dfWolds ljBfno .
awfO{ 1fkg
/fli6o« dfgj clwsf/ cfofu] åf/f cfofl] ht kb| z] :t/Lo lgaGw
kl| tofl] utfdf k|yd :yfg xfl;n u/L ljBfnosf] ul/df a9fpg'sf ;fy}
gf} sIffsf ljBfyLs{ f] uf/} j;dt] a9fpge' Psf] x'b“ f xfdL oxfn“ fO{
xflb{s awfO{
1fkg ub{5f}“ .
gf} sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{
!!= lbOPsf] >4f~hnL Pjd\ ;dj]bgf kqsf] gd'gf k9\g'xf];\ / o:t} 9f“rfdf Pp6f
>4f~hnL tyf ;dj]bgf kq tof/ ug{'xf;] \ M
hGd dT[ o'
lj=;=+ !((* ;fpg @% lj=;+= @)&* ebf} #
>4f~hnL tyf ;djb] gf
o; ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf lgjt{dfg cWoIf Pjd\ lzIffk|d] L dw'jg adfs{ f] oxL
@)&* ebf} # ut] *) jifs{ f] pd]/df ePsf] c;fdlos lgwgaf6 ljBfno kl/jf/ :tAw
ags] f] 5 . o; b'Mvb If0fdf pxfFk|lt efjk0" f{ >4f~hnL k|s6 ub}{ zfs] fsn' kl/jf/kl| t ulx/f]
;djb] gf k|s6 ub{5fF} .
k|wfgfWofks Pjd\
n'lDagL dfWolds ljBfno kl/jf/
42 g]kfnL, sIff (
!@= sg' } ;r" gf jf ;Gb]z k7fpb“ f Dof;]Gh/ / 6l] nkmf]gsf] z}nLdf leGgtf
xG' 5 . Dof;G] h/df bf]xf]/f] >JobZ[ o / n]Vo cflbsf dfWodaf6 ;"rgf jf
;Gbz] sf] cfbfgk|bfg xG' 5 eg] 6l] nkmf]gdf s]jn sYo>Josf cfwf/df dfq
;r" gf jf ;Gb]z cfbfgk|bfg x'G5 . o:tf ;~rf/sf dfWod w]/} 5g\ . Dof;]Gh/ /
6l] nkmf]gdf /x]sf] leGgtf vN' g] u/L oL bO' n{ fO{ kfqsf ¿kdf k|:tt' u/L tof/
kfl/g] tnsf] ;+jfb k"/f ug'{xf];\ M
-Dof;G] h/ / 6l] nkmfg] sf] cs:dft\ e6] eof] . bj' } Pscfk;df kl/ro / s/' fsfgL ub{} 5g\ ._
Dof;G] h/ M gd:sf/, 6]lnkmfg] Ho", ;Gr} xg' 'xG' 5 < b/" ;~rf/lt/ lxF8\g'eof] ls s] xf] <
6]lnkmfg] M gd:sf/, ;Gr} 5', xh'/nfO{ s:tf] 5 < s;/L yfxf kfpge' of] < xf], d Tot}
lxF8s] f] .
Dof;]Gh/ M ============================================
6]lnkmfg] M ============================================
Dof;]Gh/ M ============================================
jm| dz M
!#= lbOPsf] ;Gbe{ k9g\ x' f;] \ / tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ug'x{ f];\ M
efjgfsf 3/df bfhs' f] ljjfx 5 . cfdfa'af ljjfxsf nflu ;fdfg lsGg ahf/ hfge' Psf]
5 . 3/df pgsL km' k" cfpg'eof] . efjgfn] km' kn" fO{ gd:sf/ ul/g\ / leq cfP/
;f]kmfdf a:g cfu|x ul/g\ . ælx8F ]/ cfpge' Psf], yfSge' of] xfn] f . s] lng
rfxgx' G' 5 < lrof of kfgL <Æ km'kn" ] lrof vfg] OR5f JoSt uge'{ of] .
æcf/fd ub}{ ug'{xf];\ . d lrof agfP/ NofpF5'Æ egL efG;fdf uP/ lrof agfOg\ .
km' k"nfO{ ld7f] lrof vj' fOg\ / ;uF } a;/] xfnva/ ;f]lwg\ . Ps}l5gdf cfdfaa' f
cfpge' of] . efjgfsf a'afn] cfˆgL lbbLnfO{ 9fU] g'eof] / lgDtf] :jLsf/ u//] ;dod}
cfpg'ePsfdf v';L JoSt ug'{eof] .
tkfO{sF f] 3/df sg' } cltlysf] cfudg xFb' f tkfO{F s;/L :jfut / cfltYo k|s6 ugx{' G' 5,
sIffdf clego;lxt k:| tt' ug'x{ f;] \ .
g]kfnL, sIff ( 43
;g' fO / afn] fO
!= ;g' fO kf7 $ ;G' gx' f;] \ / lbOPsf jfSo l7s eP l7s / al] 7s eP al] 7s
eGgx' f;] \ M
-s_ x'Dnf lzIfs kl/ifb\n] ;Ddfg k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .
-v_ ;Ddflgt x'g] JolSt ljBfnosf kw| fgfWofks xg' \ .
-u_ ljBfnosf] cfly{s kIfsf] pGgogdf xl/sf] pNnV] o el" dsf bl] vG5 .
-3_ pSt sfoj{ |md @)&* c;f/ !% ut] ePsf] xf] .
@= ;Ddfg kqdf s] s] s/' f ;d]l6“bf /x]5g\, eGg'xf;] \ .
eflifs ;+/rgf / j0f{ljGof;
!= lbOPsf zAbsf] zAb;f| t] af/] a‰' g'xf;] \ M
tT;d tb\ej cfuGts'
ldq ldt bf]:t
jm| d kfnf ] /f]n
cEof; afgL cfbt
dgi' o dfG5 ] cfbdL
@= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L tT;d, tbe\ j / cfuGt's zAb klxrfg ugx{' f];\ M
cfbz{, hLjg, eLd / k|tLIff sl/a cfwf 306f lxF8]/ cvaf/ lsGg k;n uP . ToxfF
dflg;sf] le8 lyof] . pgLx¿n] cvaf/df ks| flzt ;dfrf/sf] zLifs{ dfq x]b{} uP .
pgLx¿n] gofF jifs{ f] cj;/df OG6/g]6 hf8] \g 56' lbOPsf] ;"rgf Wofg lbP/ k9] .
pgLx¿n] 3/ kmsFb{ f 8]/Ldf k;/] b'w, bxL / klg/ lsg]/ NofP .
#= kf7df ko| fu] ePsf bO' { bO' c{ f6] f tT;d, tbe\ j / cfuGts' zAb l6kf6] ugx{' f;] \ .
$= lbOPsf] cg'R5b] df /xs] f dn" / Jo'TkGg zAb klxrfg u/L cnu cnu ;r" L
agfpg'xf;] \ M
cfsl[ tn] ks| l[ tsf ljifodf Pp6f ;G' b/ sljtf /rgf ul/g\ . pgn] Tof] sl[ t k9/] ho,
ljho / ;~honfO{ ;g' fOg\ . pgn] cfˆgf] bz] 5f8] /] ljbz] uPsf bfhn' fO{ klg cfˆgf]
44 gk] fnL, sIff (
sl[ tsf] sl[ tTjaf/] ;g' fOg\ . pgnfO{ bfhn' ] ltdLdf /fdf| ] slj aGg] ;Defjgf 5 eg] . bfhn' ]
alxgLnfO{ sljtfsf l;4fGtdf nv] s] f ;4} flGts s/' f / c¿ sljn] ko| fu] u/s] f ko| fu] fTds
s/' f klg xb] {} ug{ ;e' mfP . pgsf] sljtfsf af/d] f ljBfnosf /lj u?' , /jLGb| u?' , slj u?' ,
sjLGb| u?' , /Iff u?' df / ;/' Iff u?' dfn] klg lgs} rrf{ kl/rrf{ u/s] f] s/' f yfxf kfOg\ .
%= kf7sf] ‘cfh x/]s 6f]n 6f]n ==== k¥' ofpg ;S5g’\ eGg] cg'R5]bdf k|of]u ePsf
kf“rcf6] f JoT' kGg zAb l6Kg'xf;] \ .
^= cfkm\gf] k9fOsf af/]df 5f6] f] cgR' 5]b tof/ kfg'{xf];\ / pSt cgR' 5]bdf /xs] f
dn" / JoT' kGg zAb /v] fª\sg ug'{xf;] \ .
&= lbOPsf] cg'R5b] df ;'?, lar / clGtddf bL3{ pmsf/ - _" ko| fu] ePsf zAb
klxrfg ug'{xf];\ M
k"0fd{ fof lnDan" ] cfˆgL ;fyL lje"ltsf nflu l:j6/ tof/ kf/s] L lyOg\ . pgsL dfOh"n]
x¿] F x¿] F nfUof] eGb} pSt l:j6/ cfkm"nfO{ lbg" eGg] cfux| uge{' of] . l:j6/ aGgk' "j{ g} kmk' "
/ efph"n] klg To:t} dfu u/s] fn] s;f] ug{] xf]nf egL ;f]Rg yflng\ .
*= ;fyL;“u 5nkmn u/L zAbsf] ;'?, lar / clGtddf bL3{ pmsf/ ePsf kfr“
kf“rcf6] f zAb n]Vg'xf;] \ .
l;hg{ f / kl/ofh] gf sfo{
!= ;x/df k9fO ;s/] ufp“ kmsL{ ;dfh;j] fdf nfUg'ePsf bfh;' “u ufpd“ f xb'“ }
u/s] f] ljsf;sf af/d] f lh1f;f /fvL lr7L n]Vg'xf];\ .
@= :yfgLo jf /fli6o« kqklqsfdf k|sflzt Ps Pscf]6f awfO{ / ;dj]bgf kq
vfh] L sIffdf k|:t't ugx{' f];\ .
gk] fnL, sIff ( 45
kf7 % ;Todfx] g hfz] L
gk] fnL efiff ;flxTosf clj>fGt ;fws tyf g]kfn
efiff ;flxTosf j/]0o JolStTj ;Todf]xg hf]zL gk] fnL
snf / ;+:sl[ tsf ;d]t cgGo pkf;s xg' \ . JolStut
lxteGbf dfly p7/] cfˆgf] hflt / b]zsf] lxtsf nflu
;dlk{t ePs} x'Fbf logsf] ljlzi6 of]ubfgn] d'ns' sf]
efiff, ;flxTo, ;:+ s[lt / snf lg/Gt/ cfnf]lst 5 .
sf7df8fF} pkTosfleq nlntk/' ;x/sf] avD' axfndf
lj= ;+= !(&& jz} fv #) ut] logsf] hGd ePsf]
xf] . zªs\ //fh hfz] L / /fhs'df/L bj] Lsf Ho]i7 ;k' 'q
;Todf]xghf]zLcfˆgfcfdfa'afkl| tcToGtelSt/>4fefj
/fVy] . ;sf/fTds ;f]r tyf cfzfjfbL hLjgbl[ i6sf
wgL hf]zL …sd{0oj] f˜lwsf/:tÚ] cyft{ \ JolStsf] clwsf/
sdd{ f x'G5 To;}n] lg/Gt/ sd{ ugk{' 5{ eGg] 7fGy] .
To;}n] t pgL lgisfd sd{ofu] Ln] emF} bL3s{ fn;Dd ;]jf u/L ;Dk0" f{ g]kfnLsf x[bodf a;]sf 5g\ .
gk] fnL kf;] fsk|lt uf/} j ub{} ;w}F bf/} f;?' jfn / efbufpnF ] 6f]kLdf ;lhP/ lx8F \g] hfz] L …;fbf
hLjg pRr ljrf/Ú sf cfbz{ cgo' foL xg' \ .
;Todf]xg hf]zLsf] afNosfn / lzIffbLIff lgs} ptf/r9fjo'St /xo\ f] . kfFr jif{sf] pd/] ;Dd
klg afn] L gkm'6]sf sf/0f pgsf cfdfaa' f lrlGtt eP . elgG5, af]nL km6' f];\ eGgsf nflu
cfdfaa' fn] bj] Lb]jtfsf] efsn u/] . wfdLemfFjm| LnfO{ b]vfP t/ s]xL l;k nfug] . To; jn] fsf]
hgljZjf;cg';f/ ;"o{ljgfossf] hª\undf nu]/ sx] L If0f PSn} 5f]85] g\ . To;kl5 pgL …df,F
P dfF ÛÚ eg/] lrRofPsf lyP /] . pgsf] cIf/f/De gk] fn efiffsf dfWodaf6 ;ft jifs{ f] pd]/df
3/af6} ePsf] lyof] . pgsf] cIf/f/De ;'?df l5d]sL u?' af6 ePkl5 pgnfO{ dªu\ n ahf/l:yt
efiff kf7zfnfdf egf{ ul/of] . o;/L pgn] gk] fnL efiff rflxF bz jif{ k'u]kl5 dfq l;s]sf
lyP . cª\u|h] L efiff k9fpg] x]tn' ] ;'?df kf6g xfO:sn' df egf{ ul/P klg s]xL ;dokl5
pgnfO{ /fgL kf]v/Ll:yt b/af/ xfO:s'ndf egf{ ul/of] . pgn] ToxLaF f6 Dofl6«s k/LIff pQL0f{
u/] . sf7df8fsF} f] lqrG› sn]haf6 lj= ;+= !((* df cfO{= P= pQL0f{ u/k] l5 :gfts txdf egf{
eP t/ kl/jf/sf] hLljsfsf nflu lar}df k9fO 5f8/] hflu/lt/ nfUg afWo eP .
zAbfy{ ;ae} Gbf pQd
j/0] o – pHofnf] kfl/Psf]
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uf/} j –
46 gk] fnL, sIff (
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class 9 nepali
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